Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying alum (aluminum sulfate) and aluminum chloride on pH and pathogen populations of Hanwoo manure. A total of 36 steers (8 months old and averaging 300 kg in weight) were used in this trial and allotted to 9 pens (3 replication pens per group with 4 steers per experimental unit, 5 x 8 m). Chemical additives were applied as a top dressing with garden rake to a depth of 1 cm of manure with wood shavings in each treatment. The chemical amendments were control (without chemical amendments), 50 g of alum and 50 g of aluminum chloride/kg of Hanwoo manure. The experiment was carried out for 4 weeks. Adding alum and aluminum chloride to Hanwoo manure reduced ( P < 0.05 ) pH compared to untreated controls during the 4-wk period. Both levels of the alum and aluminum chloride treatments tested decreased ( P < 0.05 ) Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica populations in Hanwoo manure at 2 and 4 weeks. It appears that the reduction in pathogen populations was primarily associated with the lower manure pH. If more strict environmental regulations are put into effect regarding pathogen populations from Hanwoo facilities, treating Hanwoo manure with alum and aluminum chloride may be a good management practice.


I. There is a concentrated sand-pear growing area-about 410 acres in area only in Noda-Mura, and about 860 acres including that in its neighbouring villages on the Matsukawa Fan in the south-east of the Fukushima Basin. In this report, the author intends to describe a sand-pear growing area which has been newly formed and developed centering around the middle part of the Matsukawa Fan.II. The description of the real circumstance of the sand-pear growing area on the Matsukawa Fan reveals that the core of the sand-pear raising area exists in the middle part of the fan, and the lower part is in the transitional stage. And this agricultural area has more advanced characters than that of paddy-field area. They are examined in Table 1-3.III. The problem proposedhere, in a word, is that the above mentioned situation of the fan is different from the general form that the clearing of fan area has been gegun earlier in its lower part neighbouring paddy-field area, consequently the economic level of farmers living there is higher in paddy-rice area. In this way, the reason why the difference is derived from should be revealed, and the forming process and the significance of physical features in each part of the area should be investigated.IV. The surface of the fan consists of thick deposits of gravels and sand, and the level of groundwater is very low showing 15-20 m in depth in its middle part, so that it is well drained for sand-pear growing. Paddy-culture is impossible here on account of poor irrigation and poor soil. Mulberries are the only plants that can be grown with difficulty. Such areas have been left uncultivated as "Kaya" plants (a kind of natural grass) growing places, or red pine woods, where no settlement was brought into being, until sand-pear growing has rapidly developed in groups since 1886.The Fukushima area, the eastern side of the fan, shows 11.8°C of annual air temperature and 1196.4 mm of precipitation, and has less rainfall in spring (April-June 400 mm), so that the fan area is favoured with climatic conditions suitable for the growing of sand-pear, in spite of occasional damages from strong wind, drought, and frost. Fortunately, the middle part of the fan is least suffered from damage of frost of all the parts of it. Furthermore, it is favoured with the period of shipment than other sand-pear producing regions, owing to its earlier maturing season of sand-pear (Fig. 8).V. A). In this area, the lower part of the fan could be cultivated as paddy-field 1, 000 years ago, whilethe middle part was left as an uncultivated land with bad physical conditions. Since 1850's, the increase of population, and the development of commodity economy have compelled the farmers there to adopt other farming systems or to be engaged in other occupations, and the depression of seri-culture and failure in rice growing have also afforded them the opportunities to introduce money crops, This is the background of the introduction and popularization of sand-pear growing. B). It is in 1880' s when sand-pear raising was adopted as a main farming or a kind of supplementary farming, Since 1893, the depression of seri-culutre and the higher maiket price of sand-pears had encouraged some of the farmers to culture sand-pears. They were poor farmers' second or third sons, tand abou 80 of them moved to the middle part of the fan from its neighbouring areas to clear the land for the purpose of culturing sand-pears. Thus sand-pear raising developed into the most favourable farming and its fields spread over the middle part showing 147 acres in extent in 1905, bearng no relation to the progress of paddy-fields in its lower part. C). Spurred by the good business conditions during 1918-19 and the higher price of sand-pears, the farmers in lower part of the fan converted mulberry fields to sand-pear fields, or brought waste-lands under cultivation for sand-pear raising.


Let T be a compact complex torus, dim T>2. We show that the category of coherent sheaves on T is independent of the choice of the complex structure, if this complex structure is generic. The proof is independent of math.AG/0205210, where the same result was proven for K3 surfaces and even-dimensional tori.


Detectable Chosen Ciphertext Security DCCA security is a weaker notion than CCA security. An 'inner-outer' structure is shown to build a CCA-secure PKE from a DCCA-secure PKE, a 1-bounded CCA-secure PKE, and a CPA-secure PKE. In this paper, we first show passive security for DEMs is sufficient for achieving DCCA-secure hybrid PKEs both for KEM+DEM and Tag-KEM/DEM paradigms. Then two DCCA-secure PKEs constructed from CCA secure KEMs are presented. In addition, a counter example to show that the 1-bounded CCA secure component in the 'inner-outer' structure cannot be weakened to CPA one is given, and some possible methods for constructing CCA-secure PKEs from DCCA-secure KEMs are discussed.


A solid electrolytic capacitor has an anode body (1) and an anode wire (2) and lead out connections (8, 3). In series with the connections and the body is a fusable link (6) formed of a composite of low melting point conduc tive plastics metal matrix. The fusable link (6) is in the form of a pad of this material. In a preferred form this material is made by compressing into sheets metal coated polymer particles. The sheet is cut into pads and inserted into the capacitor assemblies to act as a com bined thermal and electrical fuse. Preferably the pads are less than 1 mm thick and coated on both sides with solder and approximately 1 mm square. The pads can be reflow soldered between the anode and the lead frame or negative wire termination. Alternatively it can be reflow soldered between the anode wire and the posi tive wire termination. As the current reaches high level if a fault develops in the capacitor, the metal layer will melt and also melt the plastics. The metal will then disperse in the liquid plastics and on cooling will not re-establish conduction because it is no longer in the same physical form. Alternatively the fusible link comprises metal-coated polymer particles dispersed in a resin binder and applied as a conductive paste.


Abstract. A method for determination of reserve albumin equivalent for binding of warfarin as previously described [1] has been used for assessing the influence of non‐esterified fatty acid concentration (NEFA) on binding of warfarin to human serum albumin (HSA). Reserve albumin concentration can be used for calculation of the expected fraction of bound warfarin in serum. It is shown in vitro that binding of warfarin increases with added oleate up to 4 mol of oleate per mol of albumin and then decreases. Twenty‐four patients on permanent warfarin treatment showed no correlation of serum albumin and reserve albumin concentrations (r=0·10, P>0·50) indicating that warfarin binding is governed by other factors. However, in the same patients there was a significant correlation between reserve albumin concentration and NEFA/HSA (r= 0·54, P < 0·01). In one human volunteer changes of NEFA were provoked by strenuous work and it was found that reserve albumin concentration increased with NEFA concentration as expected from the in vitro findings (r= 0·90, P< 0·001). Five uraemic patients on permanent warfarin treatment showed increasing reserve albumin concentration with increasing NEFA concentration induced by heparin. These findings indicate that, both in vitro and in vivo, the reserve albumin concentration for binding of warfarin and hence the free warfarin concentration is markedly influenced by NEFA concentration. This may add to the understanding of warfarin dose requirement during anticoagulant therapy.


Abstract : Battle Damage Assessment is one area that appears positioned to benefit from high technology collection and analysis systems, but the view is deceiving. The Persian Gulf Conflict revealed that while we had the latest state-of-the-art national level reconnaissance available at the operational level, we did BDA the same way we have always done it--by forming ad hoc structures that do not exist in peacetime, reassessing the questions that we sought to answer with BDA, and tying those answers into the operational commander's evaluation of operational and strategic objectives. Surprisingly, more information did not ease the job, suggesting that we need better intelligence, not more data, and that we must expand our conception of BDA toward 'combat assessment'--evaluation of what BDA means to accomplishment of objectives. Current joint doctrine is deficient in providing the 'umbrella concept' for joint combat assessment. Despite collection deficiencies at the tactical level, U.S. ability to gather BDA and combat assessment information is unequalled. We need to adopt a doctrinal approach to solving the BDA 'problem' for two reasons--to better use what we have and to build a sound base for future equipment and structure decisions.


The production of CXCL4 and IFN-α by plasmacytoid DCs in response to TLR8 signaling contributes to skin fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. Plasmacytoid DCs foster fibrosis As potent producers of type I interferon, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been implicated in multiple autoimmune disorders. Here, Ah Kioon and colleagues show that pDCs contribute to skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis, largely through activation of TLR8, which is not normally expressed in these cells, and secretion of CXCL4. These data were garnered from systemic sclerosis patient samples and mouse models. Depletion of pDCs from mice with established fibrosis ameliorated disease symptoms, further suggesting that targeting these cells could help patients with this devastating disease. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem life-threatening fibrosing disorder that lacks effective treatment. The link between the inflammation observed in organs such as the skin and profibrotic mechanisms is not well understood. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) is a key cell type mediating Toll-like receptor (TLR)–induced inflammation in autoimmune disease patients, including lupus and skin diseases with interface dermatitis. However, the role of pDCs in fibrosis is less clear. We show that pDCs infiltrate the skin of SSc patients and are chronically activated, leading to secretion of interferon-α (IFN-α) and CXCL4, which are both hallmarks of the disease. We demonstrate that the secretion of CXCL4 is under the control of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ and is due to the aberrant presence of TLR8 on pDCs of SSc patients, which is not seen in healthy donors or in lupus pDCs, and that CXCL4 primarily acts by potentiating TLR8- but also TLR9-induced IFN production by pDCs. Depleting pDCs prevented disease in a mouse model of scleroderma and could revert fibrosis in mice with established disease. In contrast, the disease was exacerbated in mice transgenic for TLR8 with recruitment of pDCs to the fibrotic skin, whereas TLR7 only partially contributed to the inflammatory response, indicating that TLR8 is the key RNA-sensing TLR involved in the establishment of fibrosis. We conclude that the pDC is an essential cell type involved in the pathogenesis of SSc and its removal using depleting antibodies or attenuating pDC function could be a novel approach to treat SSc patients.


This article describes stressful life events experienced by a multi-shelter sample of 162 homeless adults in the Central Florida area. Participants included homeless single men (n = 54), homeless single women (n = 54), and homeless women with children (n = 54). Subjects were interviewed with a modified version of the List of Threatening Experiences (Brugha & Cragg, 1990). Findings indicate that the two groups of women were more likely to have been both physically and sexually abused as children than single men. Single women were more likely to have experienced sexual violence over the age of 18, experienced domestic violence, and been hospitalized in a psychiatric facility. Single men were more likely to have abused drugs and alcohol, and to have been incarcerated. Women with children were more likely to have lived in foster care. Overall, single women experienced significantly more stressful life events than single men and women with children. These findings suggest that the three groups are unique and would benefit from prevention and/or treatment approaches developed for the specific subgroup. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 643–654, 2004.


Summary This paper describes the examination as well as the fairly traditional conservation treatment of the parchment Royal Charter and wax-resin Great Seal granted by Queen Victoria to Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario in 1841. In addition, non-traditional aspects of the treatment are also discussed.


The non-Hermiticity caused breakdown of bulk-boundary correspondence in topological phase transition was curled by considering the skin effect for the chirally symmetric systems. However, as a powerful tool in engineering exotic topological phases, periodic driving cannot preserve the chiral symmetry of the systems. Here, we investigate the topological phases of periodically driven one-dimensional non-Hermitian disordered system. Using Floquet theorem, we propose a scheme to retrieve the bulk-boundary correspondence and establish a general description to the topological phase transition for such nonequilibrium system. The exemplification of our method in the non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model shows that diverse exotic topological phases absent in the static case are induced by the periodic driving. Further study reveals that the extra non-Hermitian Floquet topological Anderson insulator phases are induced by the disorder. Our result supplies a useful way to artificially synthesize exotic phases by periodic driving in the non-Hermitian system.


The subject of this research is the foreign experience of stimulating innovation activity of the companies via introduction of Patent Box Regime. The author underlines the importance of this mechanism as a measure for supporting the actors of the innovation economy on the stages of introducing innovations into production, and making profit from the efficient use of intellectual capital. The author analyzes the international statistics of acquisition of patents and key elements of preferential taxation of their income. Based on the collected material, the author examines the possibilities of implementation of such mechanism in the Russian practice. Special attention is given to the potential consequences of granting new incentives from the perspective of formation of the revenue part of the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. The main result of this research consists in the development of a specific taxation regime for income from the use of intellectual property objects to be implemented in the Russian Federation. The author believes that the optimal mechanism is a deduction of up to 40% of qualified incomes from the corporate income tax base; at the same time, the incentive should not lead to the decrease of federal budget receipts. As sources of covering the shortfall in budget revenues of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the author considers the abolition of reduced tax rates for certain categories of taxpayers, as well as the extension of the limit on the transfer of loss, The conclusion is made on feasibility of implementation of Patent Box Regime in Russia considering foreign experience and domestic specificity of the country.


It's January 2007, the year before a presidential election. Candidates are jockeying for their party's nomination, angling for hearts and minds however they can. In central Ohio, a state predicted to win the election for either party, the media attention has been intensifying. The sixth-grade students at the public suburban school where I am student teaching have no shyness when it comes to what issues they want candidates to address, even if they are still undecided about whom to back. It is my privilege as a preservice teacher to work with this particular group of students in this political moment. They will provide a potent introduction to my new vocation. -Excerpt from Robin McGee's reflective journal


Austral a and Cyprus are two countr es at the oppos te ends of the earth, and the l festyles of the two countr es often seem to be of an ent rely oppos te nature. The two countr es have evolved n d fferent ways: where Cyprus has a deep Greek trad t on, Austral a s a new country w th modern v ewpo nts; where Austral ans allow modern ty to nfiltrate the r l festyles, enjoy qu et n ghts at home, and value matesh p, Cypr ots are — n today's modern world — st ll h ghly trad t onal, prone to summer-long, all-n ght party ng, and tend to value fam ly over all else. Wh le there may be more d fferences that could be placed on th s l st, trad t on versus modern ty, recreat on, and loyalt es prov de a general overv ew as to the w despread d fferences between the two countr es. The d fferences n these three areas w ll be broadly shown through the examples of wedd ng ceremon es, n ghtl fe, and finally n the fam ly togetherness that s often unseen n Austral a.


Debris flows and debris avalanches are two of the most destructive of all landslide phenomena. Potential events often threaten populated areas in mountain foothills and valleys


The constitutional criminal was discussed by Lombroso in 1911, and he stated that the criminal was a cultural throw-back of an atavistic ancestor. As Freudian and psychobiological studies opened new channels of causation, Lombroso's theories were forgotten and replaced by psychodynamic concepts. However, recent discoveries have raised the possibility of an association of 47, XYY chromosome constitution with abnormal behavioural characteristics (1,2) and have led to this study of several groups of prison inmates. The research was carried out from June to November 1969 in federal prisons in Ontario. All prisoners in this study were volunteers and consented in writing to the experimental procedures. The series of sixty-five inmates was broken down into four sub-groups: a) Thirty-five tall males, 72" or over (180 ems), picked from the prison population. b) Twelve young murderers under 72", whose offence characteristics were violent, senseless and impulsive a prepsychotic type with high fantasy level. c) Eight mentally deficient males with I.Q.s under 75. d) Ten dominant lesbians who were physiological females but psychologically masculine. The sex chromatin pattern was obtained from epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa, while the karyotypes were observed from blood leukocyte cultures. In this series only one inmate from group a) was found to


In this paper we present FeatureBART, a linguistically motivated sequence-to-sequence monolingual pre-training strategy in which syntactic features such as lemma, part-of-speech and dependency labels are incorporated into the span prediction based pre-training framework (BART). These automatically extracted features are incorporated via approaches such as concatenation and relevance mechanisms, among which the latter is known to be better than the former. When used for low-resource NMT as a downstream task, we show that these feature based models give large improvements in bilingual settings and modest ones in multilingual settings over their counterparts that do not use features.


Volume 1 - Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests. Volume 2 - Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Molecular Guests. Volume 3 - Cyclodextrins. Volume 4 - Supramolecular Reactivity and Transport: Bioorganic Systems. Volume 5 - Supramolecular Reactivity and Transport: Bioinorganic Systems. Volume 6 - Solid-State Supramolecular Chemistry: Crystal Engineering. Volume 7 - Solid-State Supramolecular Chemistry: Two- and Three-Dimensional Inorganic Networks. Volume 8 - Physical Methods in Supramolecular Chemistry. Volume 9 - Templating Self-Assembly and Self-Organization. Voulme 10 - Supramolecular Technology. Volume 11 - Cumulative Index.


This thesis defines and evaluates two systems that allow a teacher to provide instructions to a machine learner. My systems, FS scKBANN and scRATLE, expand the language that a teacher may use to provide advice to the learner. In particular, my techniques allow a teacher to give partially correct instructions about procedural tasks--tasks that are solved as sequences of steps. FS scKBANN and scRATLE allow a computer to learn both from instruction and from experience. Experiments with these systems on several testbeds demonstrate that they produce learners that successfully use and refine the instructions they are given.
In my initial approach, FS scKBANN, the teacher provides instructions as a set of propositional rules organized around one or more finite-state automata (FSAs). FS scKBANN maps the knowledge in the rules and FSAs into a recurrent neural network. I used FS scKBANN to refine the Chou-Fasman algorithm, a method for solving the secondary-structure prediction problem, a difficult task in molecular biology. FS scKBANN produces a refined algorithm that outperforms the original (non-learning) Chou-Fasman algorithm, as well as a standard neural-network approach.
My second system, scRATLE, allows a teacher to communicate advice, using statements in a simple programming language, to a connectionist, reinforcement-learning agent. The teacher indicates conditions of the environment and actions the agent should take under those conditions. scRATLE allows the teacher to give advice continuously by translating the teacher's statements into additions to the agent's neural network. The scRATLE language also includes novel (to the theory-refinement literature) features such as multi-step plans and looping constructs. In experiments with scRATLE on two simulated testbeds involving multiple agents, I demonstrate that a scRATLE agent receiving advice outperforms both an agent that does not receive advice and an agent that receives instruction, but does not refine it.
My methods provide an appealing approach for learning from both instruction and experience in procedural tasks. This work widens the "information pipeline" between humans and machine learners, without requiring that the human provide absolutely correct information to the learner.


Emerging evidence suggests that n‐3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) promote BAT thermogenesis. However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. It is well established that free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) is the n‐3 PUFA receptor, and microRNAs (miR) play a key role for brown adipogenesis. However, regulation of miR by n‐3 PUFA is unknown. Here we hypothesized that activation of FFAR4 by n‐3 PUFA promote brown adipogenesis by modulating miR. To test this hypothesis, brown adipocyte precursor cells were induced to differentiate in the presence and absence of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and investigated the changes of miR during brown adipogenesis. The increase of brown signature genes (e.g., Ucp1, Cidea) by EPA was positively correlated with miR‐30b. Given that miR‐30b increases brown adipogenesis by targeting RIP140, a nuclear receptor corepressor, we further hypothesized that FFAR4 mediates EPA to miR‐30b for brown adipogenesis. Treatment of GW9805, a FFAR4 agonist, recapitulated the increase of brown adipogenic marker Ucp1, Cidea and miR‐30b expression, and the decrease of RIP140. The increase of Ucp1 expression by EPA was dampened by silencing of FFAR4, but augmented by exogenous miR‐30b mimics. Intriguingly, miR‐30b mimic alone was not sufficient to stimulate Ucp1 expression in FFAR4‐silenced cells, suggesting that a signaling interaction between FFAR4 and miR‐30b. Consistently, the blockage of miR‐30b expression by LNA inhibitor remarkably attenuated GW9805‐induced Ucp1 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that activation of FFAR4 by n‐3 PUFA increases miR‐30b expression, which further promotes transcriptional activation of brown adipogenesis by targeting transcriptional repressor RIP140.


Biology, ecology and parasitoids of Oxyna parietina L. (Dipt., Tephritidae), a possible candidate for the biological control of Artemisia vulgaris L.


Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions complexes of the Schiff base ligand, N-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazone (L1), were synthesized and characterized by analytical and physicochemical techniques including conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR Spectroscopy, UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). IR data revealed the bidentate nature of the L1. IR, TGA, Magnetic moment measurements and UV-Vis spectra data confirmed the octahedral geometry for the Cr3+, Co2+, and Cu2+ ion complexes, square planar geometry for the Ni2+ complex and tetrahedral structure for the Zn2+ ion complex. The antibacterial activity of the metal complexes derived from the L1 ligand were tested against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. All produced complexes demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy against P. aeruginosa when compared to standard Kanamycin-30, with the greatest for the Ni2+ complex. On the other hand, when compared to all compounds, the Zn2+ complex demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy against E. coli. Furthermore, the synthesized metal complexes exhibited moderate antioxidant activity than the L1. The antioxidant activity was found to follow the following sequence: BHT > CuL1 > CrL1 > NiL1 > CoL1 > ZnL1 > L1.


More than 100 years ago the question arose about the application to the guilty persons of measures having a smaller punitive effect in comparison with imprisonment. Primarily, such persons included those who had committed a minor offence for the first time due to certain life circumstances; the penalty for suh offences consisted of short-term imprisonment. The use of short-term imprisonment in this case led to negative consequences, rather than positive ones. This is due to the fact that the so-called "casual criminals" do not possess stable criminal characteristics typical for persons for whom commission of crimes becomes a profession, and placing them in the prison environment negatively impacts them. Proceeding from this, the idea of probation arose according to which a person was released from punishment on condition that he did not commit a new crime. The study of this institute in the Russian science of criminal law began at the same time when the question of its introduction was considered in many European states. Despite the fact that this institute is not reflected in the national legislation, representatives of the Russian science of criminal law actively examined this measure and proposed their own draft laws on this issue. Within the framework of this study, the author selects and studies the main provisions of the project of the Privy Councilor F. I. Gredinger and the project of the legal scholar S. K. Gogel. In the course of their comparative analysis, various points of view of other authors on various theoretical and practical aspects of application of probation were studied and presented. In addition, a comparison was made between novels and the relevant criminal legislation proposed over 100 years ago since the existence of the USSR to the present day. As a result, the institute of probation received a comprehensive coverage using the historical method. At the same time, conclusions were drawn about the trends in the development of this institute, its positive and negative aspects.


Thinking style is an area of interest for researchers. It influences the decision-making of individuals in every aspect of their life. Does thinking style influence the choice of learning methods? What about academic performance? This research paper's objective is to study the impact of thinking styles on the methods of teaching and academic achievement. There are 186 Albanian university students who participated in the study. The questionnaires were distributed online during the second semester of the 2016-2017 academic year. SPSS 20 and JASP 0.8.1.2 were used for data analysis. The statistical analyses utilized are as follows: distribution table, crossed tabulation, Pearson correlation coefficient, One-Way ANOVA, comparison of means, regression analysis. The study concluded that thinking style has an impact on academic achievement and not on teaching methods. The largest number of students belong to the concrete-sequential category. An additional conclusion is that students who apply different types of thinking rate the hybrid learning as most effective.


Whether performing a chemical peel, a dermabrasion or a shave excision, just how deep can a derm surgeon go before crossing the rubicon of scar tissue formation? What is the critical depth at which a scar will form within the skin following a procedure in the skin? A recent study was able to define this critical dermal depth of no-return, making physicians more savvy to the cosmetic thorn known as fibrous scar tissue, helping them predict cosmetic outcomes prior to the intervention itself.


Leaders who manage by fear may seem to accomplish their hospital's goals and objectives. But whatever shortterm benefits these leaders obtain through their systematic negative motivation are ultimately harmful to the hospital. Does fear affect your management?


In this paper, influence of parameters, such as interval between testing points, vertical load and bond of mortar, on the rebound value of the testing brick is analysed. And an in situ rebound testing method for the strength inspection of fired common brick in existing building masonry structures is proposed based on the results of parameter analysis and the test for 1.8 groups of brick specimens.


Bruce Huber's thoughtful article, The Durability of Private Claims to Public Property, is an excellent demonstration of the ways that older uses of the federal public lands continue long past the times they should be expected to expire. But this commentary argues that the federal public lands are not necessarily a stand-in for public property in general; most other kinds of public property have far fewer problems with durable private claims. The federal public lands have particular characteristics that lend themselves to private users' first asserting and then overstaying their entitlements. The problem of durable claims on the public lands is in some ways an instance of general issues of regulatory change, made more acute by the federal lands' special characteristics. This commentary flags one of these characteristics in particular: the distant echoes of a very old concern about a potential linkage between an "endowment" of large public lands and autocratic government.


We report a new full vector finite element model for analyzing the optical properties of azimuthally symmetric oxide-apertured vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). Our model allows for quasi-exact calculation of the lasing mode blueshift, threshold gain, and field profile. Through a detailed analysis of a sample VCSEL, we ascertain the physical effects which determine diffractive or parasitic mode loss. They are: 1) the background density of parasitic modes and 2) the coupling strength between the lasing mode and the parasitic mode continuum. The coupling strength is in turn determined by the relative alignment between the lasing and parasitic mode propagation vectors and the lasing mode penetration into the oxide region. This analysis improves our understanding of the optical physics of apertured VCSELs and should enable the next leap down in lasing threshold.


In a previous paper (Dal Palu and Furlanello, I967) we discussed a patient who had recurring hyperkinetic syncopal crises triggered by emotional stress. In this case the electrocardiogram recorded between the crises revealed a peculiar lengthening of the QT interval associated with a very slow repolarization wave and possible fusion of the TU waves, which appeared well defined in the ventricular postextrasystolic complexes. Comparable anomalies of the electrocardiogram were observed and reported for the first time by Jervell and Lange-Nielsen (I957), then by Levine and Woodworth (I958), Romano, Gemme, and Pongiglione (I963), Fraser, Froggatt, and James (I964), Ward (I964), Jervell, Thingstad, and Endsjo (I966), Sainchez Cascos, Sinchez-Harguindey, and de Rabago (I969), and Gale et al. (1970). The tracings were obtained in children suffering with syncopal attacks. In many instances, these subjects were congenitally deaf mute or affected by severe auditory deficiencies andoften they died quite suddenly of incontrollable ventricular fibrillation. Necropsy did not reveal morphological cardiopathies. According to James (I967), similar clinical manifestationshave been seenin certain strains of Dalmatian dogs. The breeder noticed that these genetically related animals were deafmute, presented chromatic anomalies of the coat, and died suddenly. Electrocardiogram showed a uniform lengthening of the QT interval; death was caused by ventricular fibrillation. These observations are thought-


The international financial crisis in has increased the world's interest in Islamic banking. Forecasting the stability of Islamic Banks is important to prevent cost crisis in the future. Z-score can explain the possible bankruptcy of a bank that measures the number of standard deviations a return realization has to fall in order to deplete equity. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) has the advantage of accuracy and precision in forecasting. Analysis result showed that ARIMA (24,1,5) is the best model for forecastng the z-score of the Islamic bank with the following equation: ̇ ̇ ̇The model was used to predict predicts the z-score from September 2016 to December 2017. The result showed that z-score of Islamic banks have a downward trend until January 2017 and upward trend from June until November 2017 and then drop in December 2017. The main factor is the changes of retained earnings at each period.


Observations from several data centers together with a categorization method are used to evaluate the IPCC AR4 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Fourth Assessment Report) climate models'performance in simulating the interdecadal variations of summer precipitation and monsoon circulation in East Asia. Out of 19 models under examination, 9 models can relatively well reproduce the 1979??1999 mean June-July-August (JJA) precipitation in East Asia, but only 3 models (Category-1 models) can capture the interdecadal variation of precipitation in East Asia. These 3 models are: GFDL-CM2.0, MIROC3.2 (hires), and MIROC3.2 (medres), among which the GFDL-CM2.0 gives the best performance. The reason for the poor performance of most models in simulating the East Asian summer monsoon interdecadal variation lies in that the key dynamic and thermal-dynamic mechanisms behind the East Asian monsoon change are missed by the models, e.g., the large-scale tropospheric cooling and drying over East Asia. In contrast, the Category-1 models relatively well reproduce the variations in vertical velocity and water vapor over East Asia and thus show a better agreement with observations in simulating the pattern of "wet south and dry north" in China in the past 20 years. It is assessed that a single model's performance in simulating a particular variable has great impacts on the ensemble results. More realistic outputs can be obtained when the multi-model ensemble is carried out using a suite of well-performing models for a specific variable, rather than using all available models. This indicates that although a multi-model ensemble is in general better than a single model, the best ensemble mean cannot be achieved without looking into each member model's performance.


The author demonstrates the old training program of Educational technology for Undergraduates needs be renewed. In this article, a new program is proposed , Which includes curriculum design, Teaching arrangements, Practice and the requirement of credit. The author also has approached this subject from different angles.


Huntingtin is a caspase substrate, and loss of normal huntingtin function resulting from caspase‐mediated proteolysis may play a role in the pathogenesis of Huntington disease. Here we tested the hypothesis that increasing huntingtin levels protect striatal neurons from NMDA receptor‐mediated excitotoxicity. Cultured striatal neurons from yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)18 transgenic mice over‐expressing full‐length wild‐type huntingtin were dramatically protected from apoptosis and caspase‐3 activation compared with cultured striatal neurons from non‐transgenic FVB/N littermates and YAC72 mice expressing mutant human huntingtin. NMDA receptor activation induced by intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid initiated a form of apoptotic neurodegeneration within the striatum of mice that was associated with caspase‐3 cleavage of huntingtin in neurons and astrocytes, decreased levels of full‐length huntingtin, and the generation of a specific N‐terminal caspase cleavage product of huntingtin. In vivo, over‐expression of wild‐type huntingtin in YAC18 transgenic mice conferred significant protection against NMDA receptor‐mediated apoptotic neurodegeneration. These data provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that huntingtin may regulate the balance between neuronal survival and death following acute excitotoxic stress, and that the levels of huntingtin may modulate neuronal sensitivity to excitotoxic neurodegeneration. We suggest that further study of huntingtin's anti‐apoptotic function will contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of Huntingdon's disease and provide insights into the selective vulnerability of striatal neurons to excitotoxic cell death.


Object To compare the hupzine A (Hup A) in Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trev. obtained by different extracting methods and investigate the amount of alkaloids and the content of Hup A from different parts of the plants and from different places. Methods Using HPLC for the determination of Hup A. Results The content of Hup A in the stem and leaf is richer than that in the root. The content of Hup A from Guizhou, Guangdong and Anhui Provinces is 0.018%, 0.021% and 0.020% repectively; The difference of extract method of Hup A is no prominence. Conclusion The content of Hup A in the ground is richer than that of underground, and there are some difference in the content of Hup A obtained from different places.


Reading Saul Bellow's Herzog from the perspective of Jewish religious ethics,we find that the Jewish intellectual Herzog's spiritual crisis follows the Judeo-theological principle of sin-suffering-confession-salvation,which is implied in the family ethics of the novel.Herzog's spiritual crisis results from his deviation from the inherited traditional Jewish ethical values,and his self-criticism mingled with his reflection serves a confession,which leads him back to Jewish ethics.His self-redemption embodies the author's Jewish ethical orientation and the realistic significance of Jewish ethics.


Tourism with all its concomitant economic and sociocultural influences across the globe accounts for today's largest mobilization of people, money, and culture. This study explores how the arrival of medical tourists from the Republic of Azerbaijan in the city of Tabriz in Iran over the last few years has had a niched impact on the linguistic landscape of the city. Drawing upon theoretical developments within the sociolinguistics of globalization and mobility and linguistic landscapes, the research sheds light on how Azerbaijanis in Tabriz mobilize certain semiotic resources to both construct locality and channel mobility for their co-ethnic medical tourists, both establishing a sense of 'at-homeness' and attracting more travelers and economic gain. Given the legal prohibition of using foreign languages on public signage, the research also uncovers contesting language ideologies which may contribute to the development of a tension between Azerbaijani, as the largest minority language, and Farsi, the only official language, challenging the semiotic domination of Farsi over Azerbaijani.


The present study was carried out on Sahiwal cattle bulls maintained at the Artificial Breeding Complex, NDRI, Karnal, Hayana, India, to assess the effect of cooling using mist cooling and fanning on Sahiwal bulls in the dry hot summer season. Fourteen Sahiwal bulls were divided into two groups of seven each. Sexual behavior and semen quality traits considered were: Reaction time (RT), Dismounting time (DMT), Total time taken in mounts (TTTM), Flehmen response (FR), Erection Score (ES), Protrusion Score (PS), Intensity of thrust (ITS), Temperament Score (TS), Libido Score (LS), Semen volume, Physical appearance, Mass activity, Initial progressive motility, Non-eosinophilic spermatozoa count (NESC) and post thaw motility percent. Data were analyzed by least squares technique. Group-1 was the control, whereas group-2 (treatment group) bulls were exposed to mist cooling and fanning (thrice a day 15 min each) in the dry hot summer season. Group-2 showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher value in DMT (sec), ES, PS, ITS, LS, semen volume (ml), semen color density, mass activity, initial motility, progressive motility and live sperm. Keywords—Mist cooling, Sahiwal bulls, semen quality, sexual behavior.


During the Great Patriotic War, figures from various areas of arts, employees of entertainment institutions took part in the creation of works aimed at uniting the people, maintaining and developing patriotic feelings, and performed in front of the soldiers of the Red Army as part of front-line concert brigades. The dastan "The true story about political instructor Kemal Kasumov," discovered in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, is being introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time. Written by a famous ashug – poet and performer of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialistic Republic, member of one of the front-line concert brigades, M. Bayramov. It was during the war years when the dastan about K. Kasumov became widely known both among the front-line soldiers and among the civilian population. At present, the study and publication of the dastan "The true story about political instructor Kemal Kasumov" serves to preserve the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War and reveals the forgotten feats of an ordinary Soviet soldier.


Setting Mount Tai as an example,according to present distribution of quarries inside and outside Mount Tai,choosing geographical position,scale,vegetation restoration degree as the evaluation factors,by using two level fuzzy synthetic evaluation model,the extent of influence of each quarry to landscape has been quantified,and obtained the results of comprehensive evaluation finally.It will provide basis for further treatment of the abandoned quarries.


O%kdkes. This study evaluated the coronary vasomotor re • sponse after successful angioplasty of chronic total coronary occlusions and tested the hypothesis that the degree of distal vasoconstriction is dependent on the change in perfusion pressure. Background. Although distal coronary vasoconstriction has been observed to occur frequently after successful percutaneous trausluminal coronary angioplasty, little is known about this vasomotor response after angioplasty of chronic total occlusions . Methods. Thirty patients with successful angioplasty of chronic total occlusions of the left coronary artery were studied . Quantitative coronary measurements were made at 0, 15 and 30 min after angioplasty and again after intracoronary nitroglycerin administration in coronary artery segments distal to the dilated lesion and in a control vessel. The change in distal perfusion pressure was defined as mean systemic arterial pressure minus residual mean transstenotic pressure gradient minus mean coronary wedge pressure.


Abstract 14C labeled ethylenediaminetetra (methylene phosphonic acid) and triethylenediaminetetra (methylene phosphonic acid) have been used to study their adsorption on calcium sulfate dihydrate c...


Aiming at the water resour ce shortage,using domesticsewage,discharged water from fishpond,emitled water from boiler and chemical was hed water as supplement water for circulated cooling water is proposed.The probl ems existed in practice and running of the system are analyzed.


ABSTRACTIn support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) goals to increase the utilization of dexterous roboticsystems in space, the Oak Ridge National I,.aboratory (ORNL) hasdeveloped the Laboratory Telerobotic Manipulator (LTM) system.It is a dexterous, dual-arm, force-reflecting teleoperator systemwith robotic features for NASA ground-based research. This paperdescribes the overall control system architecture, including both thehardware and software. The control system is a distributed,modular, and hierarchical design with flexible expansioncapabilities for future enhancements of both the hardware andsoftware.INTRODUCTIONThe LTM system (see Fig. 1), sponsored by the Automation TechnologyBranch at NASA's Langley Research Center (LaRC), was developed at ORNL toprovide a dexterous, dual-arm, force-reflecting teleoperator system with roboticfeatures for NASA ground-based research. Because of the need for significantincreases in extravehicular activity and the potential increase in hazards associatedwith space programs, emphasis is being heightened on telerobotic systems researchand development. Telerobotics represents the first stage in the future developmentof a remotely maintainable orbiting space station utilizing teleoperated robots andeventually fully autonomous robots to free the astronaut of hazardous and repetitiveextravehicular tasks. The LTM incorporates traction drives, modularity, redundantkinematics, and state-of-the-art hierarchical control techniques to form a basis formerging teleoperations and autonomous robotic operation into common hardware tofurther NASA's research.


Mount Cleveland, Alaska (528499N, 1698579W), located on Chuginadak Island, erupted on 19 February 2001. The atmosphere‐volcanic plume interactions that occurred as part of this event led to several serious encounters of commercial aircraft with the ash. A number of continental and oceanic air traffic control areas were affected. Here, a detailed case study of the eruption, subsequent movement of the airborne plume, and operational response is presented. The likelihood of such encounters in the future may be reduced as a result of lessons learned from this event. Some potential new assets for improving the detection of and response to the airborne volcanic ash hazard to aviation also are discussed.


Six months of funding was received for the proposed three year research program (funding for the period from March 1, 1997 to August 31, 1997). Although the official starting date for the project was March 1, 1997, no funding for the project was received until July 1997. In the funded research period, considerable progress was made on Phase I of the proposed research program. The initial research efforts concentrated on applying the 10-, 20-, and 35-moment Gaussian-based closures to a series of standard two-dimensional non-reacting single species test flow problems, such as the flat plate, couette, channel, and rearward facing step flows, and to some other two-dimensional flows having geometries similar to those encountered in chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) reactors. Eigensystem analyses for these systems for the case of two spatial dimensions was carried out and efficient formulations of approximate Riemann solvers have been formulated using these eigenstructures. Formulations to include rotational non-equilibrium effects into the moment closure models for the treatment of polyatomic gases were explored, as the original formulations of the closure models were developed strictly for gases composed of monatomic molecules. The development of a software library and computer code for solving relaxing hyperbolic systems in two spatial dimensions of the type arising from the closure models was also initiated. The software makes use of high-resolution upwind finite-volumes schemes, multi-stage point implicit time stepping, and automatic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) to solve the governing conservation equations for the moment closures. The initial phase of the code development was completed and a numerical investigation of the solutions of the 10-moment closure model for the simple two-dimensional test cases mentioned above was initiated. Predictions of the 10-moment model were compared to available theoretical solutions and the results of direct-simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) calculations. The first results of this study were presented at a meeting last year.


The Boundary element method (BEM) is a useful engineering tool for structural analysis but there are various strategies to obtain the accurate solutions. We developed an expert system for two-dimensional elastostatic BEM analysis on the engineering work station (EWS). This system supports the input of shapes and boundary condition, modelling, BEM analysis, error estimation, adaptive meshing and post-processing. This paper describes the development of the user interface and the expert system for BEM modelling and meshing, which are developed by using object-oriented programming and representing of knowledge. It is found that the object-oriented representation of knowledge is very useful in the design of user interface and expert system in this study.


The paper considers the current concept of diffuse alveolar lesion (DAL), a rather rare condition that requires intensive care measures. The clinicomorphological manifestation of DAL is adult respiratory distress syndrome. The causes of DAL occurring with an infectious process, including septic conditions, as well as with inhalations of toxic gases and aerosols; shock, radiation, drug therapy, etc. are presented. The pathogenesis of DAL and its pathological anatomy is described in detail, pathological lung alterations in different periods after the onset of the disease being characterized.


The article is devoted to problems of morbidity locomotorium on data for World Health Organization, alongside with neuro-psychic disorders, which are leaders, making up competition to cardiovascular diseases.


A multi-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation for Alfven waves in weakly-expanding solar wind plasmas is derived by using the reductive perturbation method. The expansion of solar wind plasma parcels is modeled by an expanding box model, which includes the accelerating expansion. It is shown that the resultant equation agrees with the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin prediction of the low-frequency Alfven waves in the linear limit. In the cold and one-dimensional limit, a modified derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation is obtained. Direct numerical simulations are carried out to discuss the effect of the expansion on the modulational instability of monochromatic Alfven waves and the propagation of Alfven solitons. By using the instantaneous frequency, it is quantitatively shown that as far as the expansion rate is much smaller than wave frequencies, effects of the expansion are almost adiabatic. It is also confirmed that while shapes of Alfven solitons temporally change due to the expansion, some of them can stably propagate after their collision in weakly-expanding plasmas.


The invention discloses a system and a method for metering the power utilization of an electric vehicle. The system comprises a battery box and a vehicle-mounted terminal, wherein the battery box is internally provided with a direct current metering module, and is electrically connected with the vehicle-mounted terminal through a communication bus, the battery box is used for transmitting electric energy data obtained through metering to the vehicle-mounted terminal so as to display the electric energy data; and the vehicle-mounted terminal sends the electric energy data to the battery box according to a received command so as to control the measurement of the battery box for the electric energy data. The vehicle-mounted terminal of the electric vehicle is connected with the battery box through the communication bus to upload and issue the electric energy data, the battery box outputs the electric energy data through the battery box internally provided with the direct current measuring module, and the vehicle-mounted terminal receives the electric energy data for displaying, a metering mode is changed for providing exact information of power utilization for a user, so that the practical battery supply electric quantity can be clearly provided.


In the interview, SBPJOR president, Claudia Lago, emphasize the current scenario of the research in Brazilian Journalism, in the politic and scientific spheres. Concerning to this theme, she criticizes the lack of researches about gender and ethnic-racial questions. She also broaches the internationalization and the culture of network researches in Journalism.


On February 9, 2007, an autopsy of Anna Nicole Smith's body revealed she was injecting human growth hormone (HGH) in the months prior to her death. The medical examiner reported that the "repeated intramuscular injections" were "self-treatment for longevity and weight control." On February 16, 2007, Sylvester Stallone was held at a Sydney airport after 48 vials of HGH were found in one of his bags. The customs document given to Stallone stated: "You have not been validly prescribed the goods by a medical practitioner for any medical condition suffered by you and for which the goods are recognized medical treatment." These are high profile examples of the many news stories involving the illegal use of HGH. An estimated 30% of growth hormone prescriptions in the United States are for reasons not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This commentary discusses the problems the legal system faces in attempting to control the illegal distribution and marketing of HGH and other drugs over the Internet. Specifically, it addresses problems arising from offlabel marketing and illegal prescription sales through so-called "rogue online pharmacies." Section I discusses the background of HGH, including its history, uses, and known side effects. Sections II and III give an overview of


Vol. 31, No. 2, 2019 251 Received January 5, 2018, Revised April 2, 2018, Accepted for publication April 15, 2018 Corresponding author: Ji Won Byun, Department of Dermatology, Inha University School of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Korea. Tel: 82-32-890-2238, Fax: 82-32-890-2236, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-6725 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © The Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology and management. Dermatol Ther 2006;19:202-209. 4. Lucky AW, Biro FM, Huster GA, Leach AD, Morrison JA, Ratterman J. Acne vulgaris in premenarchal girls. An early sign of puberty associated with rising levels of dehydroepiandrosterone. Arch Dermatol 1994;130:308-314. 5. Lucky AW. A review of infantile and pediatric acne. Dermatology 1998;196:95-97. 6. Plewig G, Kligman AM. Acne and rosacea. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993:674-675. 7. Sardana K, Sharma RC, Sarkar R. Seasonal variation in acne vulgaris--myth or reality. J Dermatol 2002;29:484-488. 8. Hancox JG, Sheridan SC, Feldman SR, Fleischer AB Jr. Seasonal variation of dermatologic disease in the USA: a study of office visits from 1990 to 1998. Int J Dermatol 2004;43: 6-11. 9. Karciauskiene J, Valiukeviciene S, Gollnick H, Stang A. The prevalence and risk factors of adolescent acne among schoolchildren in Lithuania: a cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014;28:733-740. 10. Thiboutot D, Del Rosso JQ. Acne vulgaris and the epidermal barrier: is acne vulgaris associated with inherent epidermal abnormalities that cause impairment of barrier functions? Do any topical acne therapies alter the structural and/or functional integrity of the epidermal barrier? J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2013;6:18-24.


Task-oriented dialogues collected by the Bell Labs Communicator system are analyzed based on objective dialogue metrics and user survey data on system usability. Analyses are presented that confirm and extend some of the previous results shown for other systems. An "error correction metric" is also introduced, and its effectiveness as an objective metric for system performance evaluation is investigated. Results indicate that both user satisfaction and task completion are better correlated with the error correction metric than with the recognition accuracy at the word or sentence level. Multiple regression analysis reveals that the most effective predictors of user satisfaction (among objective dialogue metrics tested in the study) are the number of user words in dialogue and the recognition accuracy at the "concept" level. These two metrics explain 27.2% of variation in user satisfaction. When perceived task completion judgment (a subjective measure that is the single best predictor of user satisfaction) is included in the regression, 45.6% of variation is explained. Adding more variables, such as dialogue duration, is found to have marginal or negative effects. Overall, recognition accuracy at the concept level (as opposed to plain word or sentence accuracy) is shown to be an important metric for dialogue evaluation. In this study, the dialogue system is also evaluated using subjective metrics at each dialogue turn to identify "hot-spots" in the dialogue. We also measure inter-labeler agreement with Communicator callers. Results indicate that it is difficult for independent human raters to reproduce the Likert ratings given initially by the Communicator callers. Thus, given the noisy nature of subjective metrics, an open question is how well objective metrics will ultimately be able to explain the individual variation in subjective evaluation.


Objective: to describe the cases of leprosy relapse between the years 2005-2015. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study of confirmed cases of leprosy relapse, in the period from 2005 to 2015, in SINAN. Data were tabulated on Bioestat 5.0 generating tables, and descriptive analysis and Pearson chi-square test were performed at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: there were 1,351 (7.87%) cases of leprosy relapse in the state of Bahia, with prevalence in males (61.1%), pardos (57.7%) and with age greater than or equal to 15 years (99.6%). The dimorphic clinical form, the zero degree of incapacity and the operational classification for MB were the most frequent, using PCT/MB/12 in 82.1% of cases. Conclusion: there is low effectiveness in the control of leprosy in the state of Bahia, since there was a relatively high prevalence of cases of relapse in the period under study. Descriptors: Leprosy; Relapse; Epidemiology; Neglected Diseases; Mycobacterium leprae; Multibacillary leprosy. RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os casos de recidiva da hanseníase entre os anos de 2005-2015. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal dos casos confirmados de recidiva em hanseníase, no período de 2005 a 2015, no SINAN. Os dados foram tabulados no Bioestat 5.0 gerando-se as tabelas e se realizou a análise descritiva e o teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson ao nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: foram notificados 1.351 (7,87%,) casos de recidiva da hanseníase no Estado da Bahia, com prevalência no sexo masculino (61,1%), em pardos (57,7%) e com idade maior ou igual a 15 anos (99,6%). A forma clínica dimorfa, o grau zero de incapacidade e a classificação operacional para MB foram os mais frequentes, tendo a PQT/MB/12 utilizada em 82,1% dos casos. Conclusão: há baixa efetividade no controle da hanseníase no Estado da Bahia, uma vez que se observa uma prevalência relativamente alta de casos de recidiva no período em estudo. Descritores: hanseníase; Recidiva; Epidemiologia; Doenças Negligenciadas; Mycobacterium leprae; hanseníase Multibacilar. RESUMEN Objetivo: describir los casos de recidiva de lepra entre los años 2005-2015. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal de casos confirmados de recidiva de lepra, en el período de 2005 a 2015, SINAN. Los datos fueron tabulados en el Bioestat 5.0 generar tablas y se realizó el análisis descriptivo y la prueba de chicuadrado de Pearson para un nivel de significancia del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: se notificaron 1.351 (7,87%) casos de recidivas de lepra en el estado de Bahia, con predominio en el sexo masculino (61,1%), pardos (57,7%) y con edad igual o superior a 15 años (99,6%). La forma clínica dimorfa, el grado cero de la incapacidad y la clasificación operacional para MB fueron las más frecuentes, utilizándose PQT/MB/12 en 82,1% de los casos. Conclusión: existe poca efectividad en el control de la lepra en el estado de Bahia, ya que se observó una prevalencia relativamente alta de casos de recidiva en el periodo bajo estudio. Descritores: Lepra; Recidiva; Epidemiologia; Enfermedades Olvidadas; Mycobacterium leprae; Hanseniasis Multibacilar. Graduates, University Center FG/UNIFG. Guanambi (BA), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-0080; E-mail: email@example.com ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-7997; Master's Student, University Center UniFG. Guanambi (BA), Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-2902; PhD, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás /PUGGO. Goiânia (GO), Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-5724; MSc, University Center UniFG. Guanambi (BA), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com RCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-5276 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Almeida KT, Menezes AMF, Alves KAN et al. Leprosy relapse between the years... English/Portuguese J Nurs UFPE online., Recife, 12(10):2528-34, Oct., 2018 2529 ISSN: 1981-8963 https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v12i10a235028p2528-2534-2018 Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, with tropism for skin cells and peripheral nerves. The evolution of the disease is slow and presents itself with specific dermatoneurological manifestations. The recommended specific treatment for leprosy is polychemotherapy, a measure that aims at eliminating the bacilli and preventing drug resistance. In some cases, the flaws in the therapeutic regimen, caused mainly by inadequate dosage and treatment period, as well as irregularity in the ingestion of medications, can compromise the healing and favor the disease relapse. Leprosy relapse is the process of relapse in which new signs and symptoms develop during or after the epidemiological surveillance of a patient who ended polychemotherapy correctly. Data from the WHO show that Brazil holds 49.8% of all cases of leprosy relapse in the world. ● To describe the cases of leprosy relapse in the state of Bahia, in the period from 2005 to 2015. This is a quantitative, descriptive, crosssectional study of confirmed cases of leprosy relapse in the state of Bahia, in the period from 2005 to 2015, in SINAN. The estimated population of Bahia was 15,344,447 inhabitants in the year 2017, being composed by 417 municipalities whose capital is Salvador and the climate, the caatinga. This study included confirmed cases of leprosy relapse from 2005 to 2015, in SINAN. Six cases were excluded since they did not have operational classification defined. The following variables were applied to the data analysis: gender, age, race, education, area of residence, bacilloscopy, degree of incapacity at the time of diagnosis, clinical form, operational classification, initial therapeutic regimen and abandonment. Data were tabulated on the Bioestat 5.0 generating tables, and descriptive analysis and Pearson chi-square test were performed at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). The whole study was conducted under the ethical precepts of Resolution 510/2016, which dispenses with the submission to the Research Ethics Committee (REC), since data are secondary and in the public domain. In the study period, there were 1,351 (7.87%) cases of leprosy relapse in the state of Bahia, the majority in males (61.1%), in patients with age greater than or equal to 15 years (99.6%), pardo race (57.7%). The degree of schooling can be a risk factor for the occurrence of leprosy relapse. In this study, most cases of relapse had incomplete elementary education and lived in the urban area (66.4%), as shown in table 1. Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of cases of leprosy relapse in the period from 2005 to 2015, in the state of Bahia. Variables N % GL X p* GENDER Female 519 38.4 1 72.51 <0.0001 Male 832 61.6 AGE GROUP < 15 5 0.4 1 1331.07 <0.0001 ≥15 years 1.346 99.6 RACE White 195 14.4 Asiatic 10 0.7 Pardo 779 57.7 4 1580.2 <0.0001 Black 281 20.8 Indigenous 5 0.4 Ignored** 81 6.0 EDUCATION Incomplete elementary school 834 61.7 Incomplete high school 76 5.6 Complete high school 101 7.5 4 2355.43 >0.0001 Incomplete college 6 0.5 Complete college 30 2.2 Ignored** 304 22.5 AREA Urban 897 66.4 Periurban 7 0.5 2 986.96 <0.0001 Rural 330 24.4 Ignored** 117 8.7 Source: SINAN/SVS-MS. *Chi-Square **In the "ignored" variable, there was no statistical analysis. OBJECTIVE INTRODUCTION


S tudies of CNS autoimmunity indicate that immune cells other than T cells might be involved. Although overexpression of chemokine CCL2 within the CNS results in monocyte/macrophage accumulation, any link between those cells and neurological disease has not been established. Furtado et al. (p. 6871) found that all double-transgenic mice constitutively expressing CCL2 under control of the myelin basic protein promoter and conditionally expressing myeloid growth factor FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) in response to doxycycline (DOX) treatment developed paralytic encephalomyelitis within 9 days of DOX treatment. Wild-type and single-transgenic controls or double-transgenic mice not given DOX remained healthy. Diseased CNS tissues exhibited massive infiltration of CD11c mononuclear cells, and the number of circulating cells expressing dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte markers increased with DOX treatment. Elimination of CD4 and CD8 T cells by specific mAbs did not affect disease development. CNS disease was reduced by 70% in DOX-treated mice injected with liposomes containing a compound that induced apoptosis of circulating monocytes and DCs. Suspension of DOX treatment after 10 days resulted in a chronic demyelinating neuroinflammatory disease with CD8 T cell infiltration. This novel model of acute CNS disease involves CCL2-induced infiltration of monocytes and DCs into the CNS of transgenic mice conditionally expressing FLT3L; chronic demyelinating disease with T cell involvement occurs after cessation of FLT3L expression.


This paper presents two nose cones models and their numerical calculation of aerodynamic noise in high speed airflow field combining the analysis theory of fluid dynamics with the acoustic boundary element analysis method. The noise sound pressure levels (SPL) of these two models are calculated under the different speed airflow. And we compare the SPL of the better model with that of commercial nose cone models. These simulated results show that the aerodynamic noise of the nose cone with a ellipsoid head has lower flow-induced noise than that of commercial nose cone models at relative high air flow velocities at most frequencies.


WHY THIS TOOL? This tool is developed as a support to Sida and Swedish embassy staff in their work. The tool gives an introduction to gender equality and women's and girls' empowerment, why it is important and what it means to work for gender equality. The focus lies on gender mainstreaming in Sida's development cooperation and humanitarian assistance. Sweden has a longstanding commitment to gender equal ity and women's and girls' empowerment in development cooperation and humanitarian assistance. This commit ment has been strengthened with the Government's Policy Framework (2016) and the Feminist Foreign Policy.1 Sida's work for gender equality is also guided by the global legal normative frameworks, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Sida's operational plan and Sida's action plan for gender equality (2021–2023).


Fort Lauderdale, FL-Anecortave acetate (Alcon), a chemically modified steroid, acts in a unique way to suppress abnormal blood vessel growth in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).


This paper presents the development of a far infrared stereo vision system for room mapping in low visibility firefighting scenarios. In this paper, the calibration and rectification of the cameras are presented, along with a discussion of the correspondence matching algorithm selected. Finally, the results from tests of the system in high visibility, clear conditions and low visibility smoke conditions are presented and compared to the ranging capability of LIDAR in the same environments.


The effect of COD/SO42-ratio on sulfate removal was studied on the static condition when anhydrous sodium sulfate was simulated wastewater and sodium lactate was electron donor,using sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB).The results show that when the ratio of C/S≥3,sulfate removal rate can be achieved over 90% on the condition of T=35℃,initial pH=6.8.And the treated water′s pH increase,as well as the COD removal rate is about 55%.The conclusion is that the COD/SO2-4 is critical in the wastewater treatment.


According to the basic principle of birth-death process,an event-driven simulator for queuing system is designed.The simulator can analyze data from real trace and simulate specified processes.Experiments indicate that,when simulating some traditional queuing processes,the simulator can get results which are very close to the theoretical results.The event-driven simulator proposed is efficient,and can be used to simulate or analyse complex queuing systems.


A 72-year-old man with abdominal aortic aneurysm and angina pectoris underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) prior to abdominal aortic surgery. Perioperatively, he developed thrombocytopenia ((29,000 mm3), which was suggested as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Cardiac status was also aggravated at the same time, suggestive of bypass graft thrombosis. The results of platelet factor 4 (pf4) antibody test were negative, but platelet aggregation test was positive for heparin. Heparin was immediately discontinued, and replaced by argatroban; the patient's cardiac status improved. One month later, he underwent abdominal aortic surgery using argatroban without issues related to anticoagulation and hemostasis. Autologous donated fresh blood prepared by the "switch-back" method was also used in this case, and its value was confirmed.


Millions of individuals in the United States without a computer or broadband at their residence must rely on public libraries for their Internet access. Drawing on a rich data set of interviews and participant observation at three public libraries, we explore how individuals navigate these complex settings and how they profoundly shape their digital lives and experiences, one we characterize as digital home-lessness. In this article, we identify three themes that characterize the relationship between library computer use and digital home-lessness: lifeline encompasses the diverse set of activities that require computer and broadband access; negotiating access focuses on usability, privacy, and security disadvantages among these users; and risky business concentrates on the multiplicities of insecure Internet and computing practices exacerbated by low technological capital. Our findings push forward literature on the digital divide by illuminating how the experience of digital home-lessness limits social inclusion and reproduces socioeconomic inequality.


The ultrastructural features of lesions from three patients with transient acantholytic dermatosis of the type resembling Darier's disease by light microscopy were studied. The cellular changes appeared to reflect a mixture of acanthosis, acantholysis, dyskeratosis and cytoplasmic vacuolization which varied to a certain extent with the age of the lesion. The electron microscopic findings could not be distinguished from those of Darier's disease and it is suggested that the pathologic events in both diseases may reflect disturbances of the normal maturation of epidermal cells, rather than the production of unique lines of cells.


The EU priorities of creating products with improved ecological footprint have led towards research for developing new insulation materials. Evaluation of the performance of insulation materials is a multi-criteria problem, which has to be carried out with respect to: physical properties, health and environmental protection, applicability as building elements and their cost. This paper investigates the fire resistance of an insulation structure made of apparel cutting waste. Hot metal nut test was selected as appropriate for insulation structures, as it represents most closely the conditions under exploitation. The results indicate that polyester is convenient for use in internal insulation structures as it is not conductive of flame.


Effects of post-growth rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on optical and structural properties of an In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As multi-quantum-well (MQW) structure on a GaAs substrate by using an InAlAs/InGaAlAs metamorphic buffer were investigated. Photoluminescence spectrum and triple-axis (004) contour maps showed improvement in crystalline quality of the metamorphic MQW structure through the post-growth RTA.


Methane oxidation to syngas in the bench scale of 300m3/day was performed over the homely prepared catalyst It was shown that vapor adding into the feedstock increased CH_4 conversion via prohibiting the Ni sintering in the initial period of reaction caused by a lot of heat from methane oxidation to CO_2 and H_2O 200 hours operation under the conditions of 13×105h -1 dry space velocity(CH_4/O_2/H_2O ratio 190/1/022) and 50ml catalyst exhibited that CH_4 conversion, CO and H_2 selectivity were over 90%, 90% and 99% respectively, which shown that the homely prepared catalyst was highly active and stable and the steady running demonstrated that the process of methane oxidation to syngas was controllable and commercially valuable


Supervision of the safety performance in public transport is one of the main tasks of the Federal Office of Transport (FOT) in Switzerland. Recently a three level system of safety indicators has been defined to cover all means of Swiss public transport. The safety indicators are fed by the FOT incident database since the year 2000. In cooperation with the Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering (IVA) at TU Braunschweig, Germany, FOT is developing a suitable methodology for the definition and evaluation of the safety targets in Swiss public transport. The methodology is applied for evaluation of safety indicators on a country level and for single transport companies. In a new approach the abovementioned methodology is applied to car incident data to develop an indicator based cross-modal safety measure. (A) Paper to the session "Methodology of In-Depth Investigations, Part I" of the 5th International Conference on ESAR "Expert Symposium on Accident Research", 7th to 8th September 2012 in Hannover.


V arious phenomenological delamination initiation criteria are analyzed in quasi - static punch - shear tests conducted on six different geometries. These six geometries are modeled and analyzed using elastic, large - deformation finite element analysis. Analysis output is post - processed to assess different delamination initiation criteria, and their applicability to each of the geometries. These criteria are compared to test results to assess whether or not they are appropriate based on what occurred in testing. Further, examinations of CT scans and ultrasonic images o f test specimens are conducted in the appendix to determine the sequence of failure in each test geometry.


Photogrammetry has evolved as a non-invasive alternative for various medical applications, including coregistration of the patient at the time of a surgical operation with pre-surgically acquired data as well as surgical instruments. In this case body surface position regularly has to be determined in a global co-ordinate system with high accuracy. In this paper, we treat this task for multi-view monocular imagery acquiring both body surface as well as e.g. reference markers. To fulfill the high accuracy requirements the patient is not supposed to move while images are taken. An approach towards relaxing this demanding situation is to measure small movements of the patient, e.g. with help of an electromagnetic device, and to compensate for the measured motion prior to body surface triangulation. We present two approaches for motion compensation: disparity shift compensation, and moving cameras compensation both capable of achieving patient registration qualitatively equivalent to motion-free registration.


Background and purpose Literature suggests that health professionals (HPs) can play an important role in promoting physical activity (PA) in cancer patients (Jones et al., 2004). This study had three purposes: (1) analyzing HPs' knowledge and opinion about PA for cancer patients; (2) examining practices, barriers and roles that they identify when considering PA promotion in their patients; (3) determining factors that may enhance practices in this field.


Ayurveda treatments are used by people all over the world for centuries. These treatments are made by using parts of medicinal plants or herbal species. Therefore, it is important to know some vital Ayurveda plants for our day today life for simple herbal treatments. This paper presents a methodology to identify herbal species using their flower images. There are studies have been done to identify plants that most of them are done by using leaves and those are not specifically for Ayurveda plants. The approach extracts color, shape and different texture features from flower images and creates three different feature vectors with Haralick, Tamura and Gabor textures. Then classify each with different classifiers such as SVM, Decision Trees and K-NN. The results are compared with each other's individual performances in order to use them for identifying Ayurveda plants.


The present invention discloses a transfer belt, the transfer belt comprises an optically transparent adhesive layer having a first major surface and a second major surface, said major surfaces as said at least one adhesive surface comprises microstructured pattern permanent features. The microstructured surface to change the direction of light. High Tg polymeric component of the optically clear composition may comprise deg.] C and having a Tg of less than 20 is an acid or a base functionality and a low Tg polymeric component having a Tg of greater than 20 ℃ and acid or base functional groups, such that upon mixing the functional group of said low Tg polymer component and the high Tg polymer component of the functional group forming acid interactions. The transfer tape can be adhered to the substrate, thereby providing a microstructured surface structure of the substrate surface.


Plasma charge-induced corrosion of tungsten plug vias, where part of the via surface is exposed to the chemical solution after metal-2 etch by photolithographic misalignment with upper metal lines, was investigated. Some electrochemical tests and plasma damage monitoring were done to study the corrosion mechanism. The configuration of circuits was also investigated to understand the pattern dependency of the plasma damage and the corrosion. It is believed that the positive charges on the metal lines and P/sup +/ active region of the PMOS, developed during dry etching and ashing, are enhancing the corrosion of tungsten during stripping. The plasma-less O/sub 3/ asher applied to the ashing process reduced the plasma damage and did not produce empty vias on the wafer.


Tremendous raise up on medicinal plants in global market, the marketers are focusing to improve their turnover and hence the feasibility of adulteration using similar physiological and/or chemical propertied materials are being increased. To overcome these quality issues on Emblica officinalis based herbal samples, the present investigation carried out to study thermal decomposition nature and elemental compositions of its genuine sample and market available commercial samples. The TGA-DTA studies provided significant differences in the decomposition percentage of phytochemicals as 28.4% and 21.5% for genuine (AMGS) and market (AMMS) samples respectively. It implies that the beneficial components of E. officinalis are declined while commercialization of this herbal. Also the mineral compositional studies using EDAX and ICP-OES opened the micro nutritive elements shortages in commercial samples while comparing the genuine. The obtained results strongly evidenced that these decomposition and elemental studies can be helpful to scrutinize the certainty of E. officinalis samples and may other herbals too.


PURPOSE:To enable the easy and exact assurance of bite raising of a prescribed spacing by constituting bite raising spacers to be disposed in molar tooth corresponding parts of sheets consisting of a thermoplastic resin and plural spherical balls which are embedded within these sheets and have non-plasticity. CONSTITUTION:This mouthpiece 1 is formed of a horseshoe-shaped part 2 for which a thermoplastic resin having the plasticization temp. ranging from 50 to 100 deg.C, for example, thermoplastic elastomer, such as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, is used and which coincides with a dental arch shape and an extended body part 3 which extends to the tongue side, the cheek side and the lip side. The bite raising spacers 4 disposed in the molar tooth corresponding parts of the horseshoe-shaped part 2, more particularly the fifth and sixth molar tooth corresponding parts consist of the sheets 5 consisting of the above- mentioned thermoplastic elastomer and the plural spherical bodies 6 embedded in these sheets 5 and the plural spherical balls 6, 6 embedded within the sheets 5. The spherical balls 6, 6 have the non-plasticity within the above-mentioned temp. range and are, therefore, not deformed even when the balls are immersed in hot water. The bite raising spacers are circumferentially integrated by thermal fusion with the body of the mouthpiece 1.


It seems that we are witnessing the realization of the avant-garde utopia of the early 20th century, a futuristic fantasy about the total construction of the world and achieving the evolutionary ideal of a superior Homo sapiens—as a cyborg, man/ machine. The impersonation of the sensory and affective potential of mankind enables synchronisation of technologically simulated stimuli and actions with an organic human system, with a high level of possible interactivity and soph istic ated manipulation of human emotions. Research in the field of extended and virtual reality is currently a focus of development strategies of many of the most powerful companies in the world (Sony, Valve, HTC). Their achievements are of immense importance for many professions and disciplines, as well as for artistic production, even though (for now) they are most widely used in the escapist world of the mass entertainment industry and digital games. A prerequisite for an order of cultural disembodiment in cyberspace, enabling a transition to full digital presence, is the willingness of users to accept the phenomenal revelation of the body reduced to a biological basis for mounting technological add-ons that improve our ability to experience and participate in the virtual sphere. Audience Beyond the Interface


A Dissertation Submitted to The department of
Management, Faculty of Business and Econmics, In
Fulfilment of The Requirements of Executive Masters Of
Business Administration, Addis Ababa University,
Addis Ababa


The proliferation of portable computing devices like laptops and PDAs within the past few years has led to an increase in the mobility of such devices and the consequent introduction of problems not encountered with static computing. However, the merging of mobile devices needs a new mechanism to handle the nodes mobility. In this paper, the author has studied and discussed the behavior of IP micromobility protocols for various TCP protocols (Tahoe, Reno, NewReno and Sack). The author chose to compare the most known micromobility protocol (CIP, HAWAII and HMIP) for some versions of the TCP protocols. It was shown that with the same hierarchical topology for the three IP micromobility and the same mobile node movement scenario, HAWAII performs better than HMIP and CIP for most TCP protocols. However, In TCP Tahoe and NewReno, HMIP performs quite similar to HAWAII. In addition, simulations have shown that CIP has the worst behavior with the various TCP protocols.


Background: Anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. As per NFHS-3 (2005-6) survey in rural Maharashtra 56.4% pregnant women are anemic. This underlines the problem of anemia among pregnant women in rural area and need of research on this issue. Objective: study the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women of rural area. Study design: Community based cross sectional study conducted in 16 villages under primary health centre, Valsang, Dist: Solapur (Western Maharashtra). Sample size: 827 pregnant women. Sample selection: Every pregnant woman registered under register-15 of subcentre was included in the study. Hemoglobin estimation of every pregnant woman was done by Sahli's method during her first antenatal visit in 12-20 weeks of gestational age. Results: Mean age of the pregnant women was 22.72 ± 3.25 years. The overall prevalence of anemia was 92.38%. Among the total 827 pregnant women 328 (39.66%) were mild anemic, 406 (49.09%) were moderate anemic and 30 (3.63%) were severe anemic. Conclusion: High anemia prevalence (92.38%) indicates that the anemia continues to be a major public health problem in rural area.


Deforestation and forest fires are global land cover changes that can be caused by both natural and human factors. Although monitoring forest fires in near-real time is critical for operational wildfire management, mapping historical wildfires in a spatially explicit fashion is also important for a number of reasons, including climate change studies (e.g., examining the relationship between rising temperatures and frequency of fires), fuel load management (e.g., deciding when and where to conduct controlled burns), and carbon cycle studies (e.g., quantifying how much CO2 is emitted by fires and for emissions reduction efforts under the United Nations programs for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation -- REDD).


Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a volunteer immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus VSC‐25 expressing the gp160 env protein of HTLV‐IIIB strain and from an asymptomatic HIV‐infected individual were immortalized by Epstein‐Barr (EBV). Clones which secrete human monoclonal antibodies from the two individuals (DZ, IgGl, λ and C31, IgG1, κ) were obtained and were stable for more than 2 years. The two monoclonals were directed against the gp 160 env protein of HIV, DZ directed against the gp41 and C31 directed against the gp120. C31 was group‐specific, whereas DZ was directed against the HTLV‐IIIB and HTLV‐RF strains. The epitope recognized by DZ was mapped to the carboxy terminus of the gp41, by expression of HIV DNA fragments in a yeast system and peptide analysis. The C31 epitope was not expressed by the yeast library and not present among the peptides which were tested. Monoclonal antibodies had no inhibitory effect in an HIV‐induced cell fusion assay, but DZ showed a weak neutralizing activity against the HTLV‐IIIB strain. Cloned EBV‐transformed cell lines were fused to a murine myeloma, which allowed the heteromyeloma to be cultivated in serum‐free medium. The monoclonal antibodies were produced in large quantity in a hollow‐fibre reactor at defined culture conditions and purification procedures.


We can derive some sense of the way intellectual life is experienced in an era from the recurrence of certain metaphors used to describe its conduct—for example, the frequency with which, in our own time, intellectual projects and achievements are described in terms of navigational finesse: the charting of passages between extremes, the steering of middle courses, the avoidance of the twin perils of Scylla and Charybdis. Thus an advertisement for philosopher Susan Haack's book, Evidence and Inquiry, features a statement by Hilary Putnam praising the author for ''elaborating and persuasively defending a position . . . which adroitly steers between the Scylla of apriorism and the Charybdis of scientism.''1 Or again, Image and Logic, by historian of science Peter Galison, is commended by its reviewer, professor of physics Michael Riordan, for ''adroitly side-step[ping] one of the most contentious issues at the heart of current science wars[:] . . . whether scientific measurements stand on their own as arbiters of reality, as the positivists insist [o]r, . . . as the relativists counter, . . . predominantly reflect the biases of the culture that constructs them.'' Riordan


The Opportunities Program is a collaboration between the Illinois state welfare program and the City Colleges of Chicago to educate/train welfare recipients in short-term programs. A review of the research identified these effective student retention strategies: student support, high quality instruction, and remediation. A review of research on student success focused on student characteristics, employment statistics, and gender and race/ethnicity differences. The completion rates for 119 Opportunities Program students were examined. The study population included students from the food technology, office technology, and health technology programs at Dawson Technical Institute in Chicago. Data were collected from the examination of college records. School records showed that 75 percent of all students completed programs: 13 percent in food technology, 19 percent in office technology, and 43 percent in health technology. Examination of the chi-square test scores indicated sample groups were significantly different. Findings may have been influenced by the following factors: job availability, interest, and experience; demand for higher education and technical competence; low job entrance salaries; familial or personal problems; preparation of the students; quality of the program/instruction; and availability of resources. (Contains 11 references.) (YLB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Effect of Type Opportunity Technological Programs on the Completion Rate of Opportunity U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Program Students PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND OEN* ol Educational Researcn and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) *is document nu Wen reproduced as *cowed horn the person. or organization originating It O WOO, liner p11 nave Peen made to improve tOrOduCtiOn quality. POintil Of view or Opinion. stated in this OCOc . rnent do not necessarily mum., Official OERI position or policy. Roscoe C. Kinard 02 N A R,%' TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Welfare reform has been a subject the politicians both democratic and republican have debated over the past decade. The Federal Government has decided to turn over the task of reform to the states to implement their individual plans as they see fit. The Opportunities Program is a collab.oration between the state welfare program Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and the City Colleges of Chicago (CCC), to educate /train this population in short term programs thereby reducing the numbers and returning them back to responsible tax paying members of the state. Although a number of private and nonprofit agencies have worked with AFDC to train this population and have given the state their outcome or result, this is the first time that the City Colleges of Chicago have been contracted to work with, educate/train, and find employment for this population. Consequently, additional research with improved designs is needed to replicate previous studies. The current study would not only add to the state of knowledge in this area, but fill a much need information gap on the completion rate of the participants in there vocational training programs. The results of the study will be of value to the State Welfare Dependent and the City Colleges of Chicago. The Federal Government and the State of Illinois provide a comprehensive array of grant 0 programs at the city colleges to meet the needs of special populations. Some of the grants administered include the following: (1) Educational Equity (funded by the Carl Perkins Act), empowering women by increasing their knowledge of rights, resources, and strategies for achieving economic equity; (2) Educational Talent Search (funded by the Department of Education, assisting students in completing their high school education and pursing further education or training; (3) Perkins Special Populations (funded by the Carl Perkins Act), providing economic, academic, and/or disability assistance to vocational students in nursing, office careers, business, and accounting; (4) Single Parent Displaced Homemaker (funded by Carl Perkins Act), enabling single parents, displaced homemakers, and single women to become self-sufficient through needs assessment and career exploration activities and referrals to \ community resources; (5) Student Support Services (funded by the Department of Education), providing student success activities to improve retention and graduation rates; and (6) Supportive


Drying-wetting cycles have a dominating influence on the carbonation process of reinforced concrete structures, since the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the concrete thickness and the reaction rate of the CO2 dissolution in the pores strongly depend on the moisture content. The Papadakis' (1989) [1] and Bakker's (1993) [2] models are engineering approaches to the problem of carbonation in cementitious materials. The Papadakis' model predicts the formation of a sharp carbonation front which evolves as a square root of time law. The Bakker's model improves the Papadakis' approach by taking into account the influence of wetting and drying cycles. The Bakker's model was certainly the first to tackle this delicate issue. It is based on the assumption that the carbonation progress is negligible as long as the concrete is wet. In the present paper, the Bakker's approach is supplemented thanks to new advances, both in the fields of carbonation and moisture transport modelling in cementitious materials. In a second stage, a sensitivity analysis is performed for these models in order to identify and quantify the most sensitive variables to be considered as probabilistic ones while some others can be treated as deterministic. In a third stage, a reliability analysis is carried out, as an illustration, to assess the residual service life of a 16-year old reinforced concrete structure. Finally, this study focuses on the use of field data (e.g. a depth of carbonation at a given time) for updating the reliability analysis according to a Bayesian approach.


Screen resolution of digital images and digital displays has increased steadily over the last several decades, but there has been comparatively little interest in a parallel increase in temporal resolution, or frame rate. Several groups are experimenting with High Frame Rate (HFR) for live-action cinema, but they do not address the issue with respect to synthetic images (CGI) in animation, nor do they take advantage of the repeatability of synthetic image sequences to study visual differentiation of HFR sequences run at different frame rates. This study is concerned with analyzing animated motion pictures that are created and viewed at very high frame rates, 120 frames-per-second (fps) and higher. To explore these issues we employ high frequency procedural motion data to create repeatable animated sequences at different frame rates while maintaining exact control over action and point of view as well as over techniques of photorealism such as motion blur and camera shutter effects. Holding these factors constant allows us to better understand how the same cinematic narrative is perceived at different frame rates. Our work in this area is just beginning. This paper will reflect our preliminary findings and set a course for our future work in this area.