As the social world changes, we need new concepts to understand it. The most important change in recent centuries has been the historical increase of consumption. Lifestyle and basic cultural values have changed in Iranian villages in the past half century. In fact, in Iranian villages, some sort of "Iranian rural modernity" has emerged. Therefore we of the present study have first investigated the term of lifestyle and its indicators, and then by using qualitative and quantitative methods, they have measured the effects of the spread of the pistachio orchards on the lifestyle of the villagers in the two connected villages, Hasanabad and Khalilabad of Sirjan in Kerman Province. In this study, theories of sociologists Bourdieu and Giddensare used to study lifestyle, and Ronald Ingle hart and other sociologists' to analyze generational replacement. In qualitative research method, we have used rapid rural assessment, participatory approach, and semi-structured interviews. Interviews transcend walk, group discussion, and mapping were among the techniques used in this study. In quantitative part, 440 people from three generations living in the villages were sampled at random Research findings show that consistent with Bourdieu's "distinction theory" economic capitalist associated with lifestyle as the main hypothesis of the research. But the greatest impact is related to generation. As Bourdieu's theory, economic status does not determine the lifestyle changes.


Malaysia seeks to transform its public healthcare sector to manage the growing number of people with diabetes. Patient engagement is a critical clinical competency for healthcare providers treating people with diabetes. In this study, we investigate the perceptions of and ability to practice patient engagement among doctors and nurses working in Malaysia's primary healthcare system. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine non-specialist doctors and ten nurses working in primary healthcare clinics. Further, 12 key informants with specialist knowledge about diabetes care and the healthcare system in Malaysia were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Three main themes emerged: 1) understanding barriers to self-care and treatment, 2) perceived training needs and skills within patient engagement and empowerment, and 3) challenges to the practice of patient engagement. A range of barriers was identified in healthcare providers' ability to practice patient engagement. Future efforts should seek to improve competencies within patient engagement, identification of especially psychosocial barriers to self-care and empowerment. Yet, available manpower and time also influence whether patient engagement is practiced.


The theory of an optical parametric oscillator located internal to the cavity of the pump laser has recently been presented by Oshman and Harris. An oscillator of this type has been constructed and the details of its operation are presented here. Several features predicted by the theory have been observed; in particular a form of relaxation oscillation peculiar to the internal oscillator has been observed for the first time. In addition to the experimental results the question of the stability of the various modes of operation and factors affecting the pulse repetition rate of the pulsing solution are considered.


Generalized test results of 120 soft foundation projects all around Ningbo area and by adopting methods of mathematical statistic and geotechnical test,the physical and mechanical indexes,relationship between these indexes and major parameters of consolidation of typical mucky clay in Ningbo area were systematically analyzed.Unique features of engineering characteristics were illustrated by compared Ningbo soft clay with other soft clays in China.Conclusions were obtained from the results that correlation between water content and void ratio, unit weight and void ratio and liquid limit and plastic limit were considerable perfect.Empirical formula for soft clay in Ningbo which based on these relation curves were different from other areas.Besides,structural characteristics has rather large effect on engineering properties of soft clay such as coefficient of consolidation and coefficient of secondary consolidation,also these effects were different from other areas.


--------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract During the trips a traveller can easily share their records and photos through the social media. The user historical records in social media is to identify the travel experiences for facilitates trip planning. When a user wants to plan a trip, they have some particular preferences regarding their trips. The temporary text descriptions such as keywords about personalized requirements of the user. In this work mainly needed different and representative set of recommended travel routes. Initial works based on mining and then ranking the existing routes from data. Therefore, in this paper, defined an efficient Keyword-Aware Representative Travel Route framework that uses extraction of keywords from historical records and social interactions of users. Then designed a keyword extraction module to classify the places of interest depending on tags, for matching with keywords effectively. Additionally, designed the candidate route generation algorithm to reconstruct candidates route that satisfy the requirements of the user. Then an item based collaborative filtering algorithm used for recommending the places that based on the likeness between places calculated using ratings of those places given by users.


A series of rubrene micro-crystals (MCs) with controllable sizes and shapes, ranging from one-dimensional (1D) ribbons to 2D rhombic and hexagonal plates, have bee prepared by employing the reprecipitation method. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystal structures of 1D ribbons and 2D plates have been identified to be triclinic and monoclinic phases, respectively, rather than the commonly reported orthorhombic phase for vacuum-deposited rubrene crystals. In our system, adjustment of the monomer concentration of rubrene, which in turn determines the supersaturation (β) for crystallization, paved the way for kinetic control over the nucleation and growth processes. Combining with theoretical calculations, we found that transformation from a triclinic phase at low supersaturation to a monoclinic phase at high supersaturation was responsible for the morphology change from 1D ribbons to 2D plates. Both ensemble and single-particle spectroscopy clarifies that 1D ribbons and 2D plates show distinct optical properties, probably related to their different solid-state structures in triclinic and monoclinic crystals. Moreover, scanning near-field optical microscopy reveals that the ribbons show waveguiding along a 1D direction, and the plates in a 2D plane.


Scholars are accustomed to deriving the Indo-European neuter plural ending -a/9 from the ending -a of the feminine singular. Since I am convinced that the feminine gender was developed after the separation of Hittite (or rather ProtoAnatolian) from the parental stock, I have suggested1 that we should rather assume that the singular collectives were originally of neuter gender; although they seem to have become feminine in Proto-Indo-European. I have never collected all the evidence upon which the thesis is based. The most important part of it has long been familiar; it consists of collective nouns of feminine gender in the historic Indo-European languages, such as Skt. rasa 'moisture', Lith. rasd, OCS rosa 'dew' beside Lat. ros 'dew', or Gk. Obpa 'door' (cf. Lat. foras 'out of doors') beside Lat. fords 'pair of doors, double doors'; and of neuter plurals in IE -a or -9. The familiar Greek use of singular verbs with neuter plural nouns as subject is often cited as confirming the derivation of neuter plurals from prehistoric singular nouns; and in Hittite also neuter plural nouns are often followed by singular verbs. One customarily mentions such


The U.S. and Canada have recently signed a transboundary air pollution agreement that puts to rest a key irritant in otherwise congenial relations: control of pollutants causing acid rain. Signed in Ottawa on March 13, the legally binding accord commits the U.S. to reducing its total sulfur dioxide emissions 10 million tons below 1980 levels by the year 2000. Sulfur dioxide emissions are to be capped permanently at 8.95 million tons per year for electric utilities by 2010. The seven easternmost Canadian provinces are pledged to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions to 2.3 million tons by 1994 and to cap emissions at that level from 1995 to 1999. By the year 2000, Canada will adopt a permanent emissions cap of 3.2 million tons of sulfur dioxide per year. Total annual U.S. emissions of nitrogen oxides are to be reduced about 2 million tons from 1980 levels by the year 2000. Canada is slated to adopt a ...


[Objective] To study the function of ULBP3 and express the ULBP3 extracellular domain recombinant fusion protein. [Methods] The extracellular domain of ULBP3 cDNA was cloned into the recombinant pET28a-chaperonin10 prokaryotic expression vector to construct a recombinant pET28a-chaperonin10-ULBP3 prokaryotic expression vector with ULBP3 cDNA fused to the hydroxy end of chaperonin10 gene. Then the recombinant plasmid was transduced into E.Coli. expression host BL21(DE3), the expression of fusion protein was induced by IPTG, and identified by Western blot. [Results] recombinant pET28a-chaperonin10-ULBP3 plasmid was constructed successfully and recombinant fusion protein chaperonin10-ULBP3 was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. [Conclusion] The ULBP3 extracellular domain recombinant fusion protein was expressed in BL21(DE3) stably.


Based on the measurement principle of multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,this paper proposed method of gain forest measurement factors by this system. Through comparing research of the statistical results in photogrammetry data of stumpage and measured data of total station,the result indicates that people may gain more reliable data by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,accurately monitor forest and meet the need of forest measurement by this system. At the same time,by establishing three-dimension point cloud model based on 3-D model of tree,people may expediently gain forest measurement factors which shall be harder by traditional methods.


The dynamic model of the engine shutdown process is estabished. The both calculation formula of the cylinder gas and crankshaft output torque are derived. The 4G15 GDI engine is taken as an example to do simulation calculation and bench experiment. Torque and speed characteristics of the shutdown process is analyzed in detail. Results show that the torque changes are approximate cycle attenuation process. The distribution of the piston stop before the check point within 60°-80°CA is about 90%.This study provide the key information for the next piston position control strategy.


Unit test is the first stage in the V-Model and the foundation of software test. By means of integrating Android JUnit, a testing tool, into a continuous integration platform named Jenkins, this paper proposes a fully automated unit test approach. The approach can generate a visual test report for Android projects. This achievement can significantly increase the efficiency of multiple unit tests, and thus enable engineers to deliver their software products to the end users as soon as possible.


Rifampicin is the most bactericidal drug against mycobacteria, namely M. tuberculosis and M.leprae. This drug has been extensively used to treat tuberculosis and leprosy and related side effects are not very frequent according to the available literature. A few years ago DARLING extensively reviewed this issue using data from treatment of tuberculosis. According to this author, reactions to rifampicin are more severe when this drug is administered intermittently, that is, one, two or three times weekly. Adverse reactions to daily doses of rifampicin are less common and, if they occur, they are not severe. Most common are the skin reactions and gastric intestinal disturbs, although liver involvement and thrombocytopenic purpura can occur. Most of the time, skin reactions presents as redness with itching in the face and scalp, including redness and tearing in the eyes. Among gastrointestinal features, we find anorexia, nausea and light abdominal pain and, less commonly, diarrhea. Rifampicin can lead also to liver dysfunction although most of the time they are not severe, mainly in those patients with no previous history of liver damage. There is transient increase in the concentration of serum transaminases and other abnormalities in the liver function tests suggesting a mild alteration in the liverfunction. Thrombocytopenic purpura can occur, with orwithout abnormal bleeding, although it is more frequent during intermittent administration of the drug. Intermittent administration of rifampicin can lead to all these reactions and also can cause "Flu" Syndrome, dispnea, shock, acute hemolytic anemia and renal failure. "Flu" Syndrome consist of fever, shivering, malaise, headache, dizziness and bone pain. The onset is during the 3 and 6th month of treatment and 1 or 2 hours after drug intake. Isolated episodes of dispnea with orwithout shock can occur, although they are usually associated to the "flu" syndrome. Acute renal failure can developed as a consequence of acute hemolytic anemia or shock, although these problems are not common. Renal failure can also develop without any unleashing factor. The most commonly renal damage reported is acute tubular necrosis, although interstitial nephritis and cortical necrosis has been also reported. In the literature, there are 50 cases of renal failure with interstitial nephritis related to intermittent rifampicin intake in the treatment of tuberculosis. In the WHO recommended MDT regimens for leprosy, rifampicin is given monthly in a supervised doses. Although it is an intermittent administration, the period between doses is long enough to avoid occurrence of severe side effects, according to many authors. However, KAR and ROY, in 1984, described a case of multibacilary leprosy that presented acute renal failure in the intake of the 2' supervised monthly doses of rifampicin. In the next day after taking the drug, the patients presented mild fever, nausea, muscular and joint pain and some unpleasant sensation in the lumbar region. The patient presented also oliguria and, later on, anuria with serum levels of 60mg/100m1 of urea and 4,2 mg/ 100m1 of creatinine. There was no jaundice or cyanosis. Patient improved after administration of furosemide plus monitorization of hydroeletrolitic balance. While in the hospital,


Abstract Objective: Ghrelin regulates eating, body weight, and blood glucose. Upon binding to its receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor; GHSR), administered ghrelin increases food intake, body weight, and blood glucose. In contrast, blocking ghrelin lowers body weight and food intake. Also, mice that lack ghrelin or GHSR develop life-threatening hypoglycemia when submitted to a prolonged caloric restriction protocol providing only 40% of usual daily calories. Although GHSR was first identified in the pituitary, ghrelin was first defined by its ability to stimulate GH secretion via GHSRs, GH replacement prevents hypoglycemia in ghrelin-KO mice undergoing prolonged caloric restriction, and GH is known to modulate body composition, relatively little attention has been devoted to the role of GH-secreting pituitary somatotrophs ("GH cells") in ghrelin action. The objective here was to determine the requirement for GHSR-expressing GH cells in mediating ghrelin's metabolic actions. Methods: Mice with GH cell-selective GHSR deletion were generated by crossing novel GH-IRES-Cre mice to novel floxed-GHSR mice. GH cell-selective GHSR knockout mice and three control littermate groups were studied. Plasma GH, food intake, and blood glucose were measured after ip or sc ghrelin administration. Blood glucose and plasma GH were measured over the course of a 15-d calorie restriction protocol providing only 40% of usual daily calories. Results: In mice with GH cell-selective GHSR deletion, ghrelin-induced GH secretion and food intake were attenuated (by 84.1% at 15 min and by 35.3% at 45 min, respectively) as compared to controls; ghrelin-induced blood glucose elevation was unchanged. Mice with GH cell-selective GHSR deletion exhibited an attenuated GH rise (by 76.8%) over the 15-d calorie restriction period, yet they nonetheless resisted life-threatening hypoglycemia which is observed in similarly-treated ghrelin-KO mice, GHSR-null mice, and mice with hepatocyte-selective GH receptor deletion. Conclusions: These results suggest that GH cell-expressed GHSRs are required for ghrelin's acute orexigenic and GH secretory actions but are dispensable for ghrelin's glucoregulatory actions, at least in the settings assessed here. Although GH cell-expressed GHSRs are required for the progressive GH elevations associated with prolonged calorie restriction, they are not required for ghrelin's overall protective effects to block prolonged calorie restriction-associated hypoglycemia.


Selenium, a known antioxidant used in chemoprevention, has recently been shown to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy agents and mediate anti-angiogenic effects in preclinical solid tumor models. Prior data has also shown that sodium selenite can induce apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in vitro. While the use of high non-toxic doses of selenium has been demonstrated to effectively enhance the therapeutic efficacy and selectivity of various anti-cancer drugs in multiple solid tumor xenograft models (Cao et al, Clin Canc Res 10: 2561–2569, 2004), the in vivo effects of selenium compounds in hematological malignancies have not been extensively explored. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the preclinical efficacy of VEGF inhibitors in human leukemia xenograft models. Here we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of seleno-L-methionine (SLM), alone and in combination with chemotherapy and anti-VEGF antibody, in human AML. The mechanism of action, dosage, and time course of SLM effects on AML cells (ML-2 and HL60) in vitro were determined using colorimetric (CCK-8) viability, tritiated thymidine proliferation, and Annexin-V flow cytometric assays. SLM therapy resulted in dose dependent inhibition of AML proliferation with marked induction of apoptosis and a 67–92% reduction in viable cells at 400–500 μM. Ten million AML cells (ML-2 and HL60-luciferase) were then subcutaneously engrafted into immunodeficient (SCID/SCID) mice. ML-2 tumor bearing mice were treated with PBS (vehicle), SLM (200 mcg p.o. daily), cytarabine (Ara-C 2 mg i.p. for 3 days), or combination SLM + Ara-C therapy for over two weeks. SLM showed no effective modulation of therapeutic efficacy and toxicity in AML tumor models, when combined with Ara-C. Neither SLM nor Ara-C alone or in combination resulted in significant reduction of AML growth. ML-2 and HL60-luciferase tumor bearing mice were then treated with PBS, SLM (200 mcg p.o. daily), anti-VEGF antibody bevacuzimab (BV 100mcg i.p. twice weekly), or SLM + BV for three weeks. Disease progression was monitored by tumor volume, end tumor weight, and bioluminescent imaging. Although SLM alone was ineffective in reducing HL60 leukemia growth, SLM + BV combination therapy effectively induced a 75% reduction in mean tumor volume after 21 days of treatment which was statistically greater than BV therapy alone (62% reduction). Synergistic effects of SLM+BV therapy was also confirmed by differences in mean tumor weights and bioluminescent imaging as compared with single agent BV and SLM treated mice. Similar results were seen in the ML-2 AML xenograft model.

Conclusions: SLM improved the anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects of anti-VEGF therapy with bevacizumab in human AML xenograft models. Additional studies investigating the mechanisms of action of these synergistic effects will be presented.


Ration card plays a vital role for the household details such as to get gas connection, family member details; it acts as address proof etc. In this regard, we have wished for a smart measure card system using Face Recognition Technique and IOT to thwart the derelictions and corruption in the current ration distribution system. In this system conventional quota card will be replaced by a Face Recognition system. This Faces will be verified with family members for authentication of the user. If user is found to be authentic then monthly quota of the ration available for the user is displayed. After successful transaction the database will be updated stating the ration content delivered to the user. This system will require very less human efforts for operation and is also very secure. By implementing this system government can keep track of all the delivered ration content very easily. Key Word: Internet of Things; Face recognitiong system; Haar algorithm; Rasbherry pi; Universal Serial Bus, Public Distribution System. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 06-06-2020 Date of Acceptance: 22-06-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a unique debilitating ailment due to its typical symptoms and wide array of surgical treatment modalities available for TN and it is important to select the most appropriate surgical procedure. Aim: To compare the efficacy of peripheral glycerol injection and cryosurgery in the remission of pain in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was started after taking ethical approval, total of 80 patients of both gender were included in this study at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry Multan from July 2017-January 2018. Patients were divided in two equal groups randomly, group A was treated with peripheral glycerol injection and group B with cryosurgery. Patients were followed up for 3rd month to evaluate the efficacy. All results were entered and analyzed in SPSS 24 version. Outcome variables were presented as mean and SD and qualitative variables were presented as frequency/percentages. Probability value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The efficacy of cryosurgery was observed as (75%), while the efficacy of anhydrous glycerol was noted as (37.5%). This study results support the cryosurgery rather than peripheral glycerol injection in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia as cryosurgery has higher efficacy and low recurrence rate in controlling pain than peripheral glycerol injection. Efficacy in both groups with age in 40-65 years (p=0.003) was significant. Efficacy in both groups with type of nerve in mental nerve (p=0.030) and inferior alveolar (p=0.039) were significant and infraorbital (p=0.197) and lingual nerve (p=0.386) were not significant. Conclusion: Our study results were supported to the cryosurgery rather than the injection of peripheral glycerol for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Keywords; Trigeminal Neuralgia, Peripheral Glycerol injection, Cryosurgery.


College outreach programs have been on the rise in the past couple of decades. They hope to help historically underrepresented students (first generation, low income, and minority) aspire to and prepare for higher education. However little research has been done on the effectiveness of these programs and more specifically which components are most effective for increasing student enrollment and retention. This study addresses this lack studying the effectiveness of social capital in college outreach programs, in an effort to move towards more evidence based research and practice. The study uses qualitative methods and in-depth interviews to directly investigate social capital in relation to a specific outreach program, The College Opportunity Program (COP). The specific research question addressed is what quality of social capital can outreach program participants access and how successful is the program in building trust within the network and helping their participants maximize their social capital to attain their educational goals? Three main themes emerge: being motivated, feeling comfortable, and being supported academically through friendship. These are important factors for program participants. Students do in fact have access to and utilize a form of high quality social capital, and the COP may in fact foster this process. The current findings will hopefully inform research and outreach programs of evidence based strategies. CASE STUDY: ASSESSING SOCIAL CAPITAL Luis Posas: Thank you for the guidance, revisions, and hard work. I really appreciate all the work and hours you put in to make my thesis as strong as it is. Vicki Hunter: Thank you for all of the help and guidance throughout your classes, and the many times you read my papers throughout. Kellian Clink: Thank you for your advice and revisions; you are a great resource to have. Connie Hargrave: I cannot thank you enough for encouraging me to attend graduate school. Without your mentorship and guidance I would never have had this opportunity in the first place and would never have realized my own potential. Levi Long: Thank you for being there to support me throughout the whole process, for continuously encouraging me through all of the struggles. My parentsRick and Cheryl Thompson: Thank you for always being there to support and encourage me in my academic endeavors. Acknowledgements CASE STUDY: ASSESSING SOCIAL CAPITAL


AbstractFlexural properties of subgrade soils play an important role in the overall performance of pavements. In this study, a series of laboratory tests and finite-element analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of the stress-strain behavior of cementitiously stabilized soil (CSS) on its flexural fatigue life. Three different amounts of cement kiln dust (CKD), namely 5, 10, and 15% (by weight), were mixed with soil, and beam specimens were prepared using these three mixes. Modulus of rupture (MoR) tests were conducted on the prepared specimens to measure flexural strength and tensile strain at failure. Four-point bending beam fatigue tests were conducted on CSS specimens to evaluate their flexural modulus and fatigue life of each mix. Also, finite-element models of the MoR tests were developed using a concrete damage plasticity model for the CSS material. The MoR test results showed that the flexural strength increases with an increase in the amount of CKD. However, the failure strain was not foun...


Summary The use of two detection instruments, the Resistograph M300 and the French version of the Shigometer, the Vitalometer is described and the method of their use is illustrated in four case studies. Verification of dubious Resistograph results can be obtained by the combined use of the Resistograph and the Shigometer. Their combined use provides acceptable results for most tree species and allows for a more accurate identification of the internal condition of roots and stems. Because the same hole created by the Resistograph is used for taking Shigometer readings, wounding to the tree is minimised. The paper concludes that there is scope for the development of a device which incorporates the technologies of both instruments.


(2) that R,j can be estimated from an average of the correlation coefficients between the scores on every question and those on every other question obtained in previous examinations. (3) that the distribution of candidates' scores on the whole examination can be estimated by a normal distribution. The current tests of the validity of these assumptions will be presented together with examples of comparisons between predicted and attained distributions. Standardization from year to year would involve substitution of certain questions in the proposed examination until a prediction indicating the required difficulty emerged.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hey) on the methylation modification of 5, 10- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene promoter and its mRNA expression in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs).

METHODS
HVSMCs from umbulical arteries were isolated and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium, which clinic-relevant and very high homocysteine concentrations (0,30,100,200,500 and 1000 micromol/L) were added for 72h treatment. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction(MS-PCR) was performed to catalyze the methylation pattern of the MTHFR promoter region, semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the MTHFR mRNA expression after Hcy treatment.

RESULTS
The homocysteine induced demethylation in the promoter region of MTHFR gene at all concentrations of Hcy, the methylation pattern in MTHFR gene displayed significant hypomethylation and the MTHFR mRNA expression demonstrated obvious upregulation as well.

CONCLUSION
The homocysteine could induce demethylation in the promoter region of MTHFR gene in HVSMCs and upregulate the MTHFR mRNA expression.


Trifluoroacetylacetone was synthesized by Claisen condensation of ethyl trifluoroacetate and acetone.The optimum reaction conditions were determined.Up to 33% yield of trifluoroacetylacetone was achieved with trifluoroacetate and acetone in equal moles and solution of sodium ethoxide as catalyst reacting at 30 ℃ for 2 h.The structure of trifluoroacetylacetone was confirmed by elementary analysis,IR and ~1HNMR.


Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of ionic liquids (ILs) successfully implemented for many organic transformations. Several reports have shown the immense potential of using ILs with ultrasound, as the blend of these two practices can fulfill several important criteria of green chemistry. Indoles are key heterocyclic systems, present in naturally-occurring compounds such as tryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, and plant growth hormones, as well as synthetic materials. Their varied biological activities have made them of much interest. In the development of the latter, an important focus of research has been on functionalization at the C-3 position. Numerous reports have been published on the synthesis of 3-substituted indoles by using such techniques as the electrochemical approach, such catalysts as copper(II) sulfonato salen, Zn(II) salen, 2-pyrrolecarbaldiminato-Cu(II) complexes, hybrid nanoparticles H5PW10V2O40@VOx/SBA-15-NH2, 15


There is an old saying, "Give a man a fish, and he will eat for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he will eat for the rest of his life." In clinical teaching, students should not only be taught about diseases, but their intelligence should also be cultivated, along with their analytical, comprehension, and independent learning skills. The ability to solve problems enables students to think independently and acquire knowledge. This is known as the heuristic method of teaching. In this study, we mainly analyze the application value of the heuristic method in the clinical teaching of internal medicine.


In addition to enabling the construction of high-power femtosecond amplifiers, doubleclad fibers may also be applied toward the construction of high-performance fiber oscillat o r ~ . ~ An example of a cladding-pumped Er/% fiber laser capable of generating 100 fs pulses with repetition rates up to 50 MHz and average powers of 15 mW is shown in Fig. 1. Here simple broad-stripe diode lasers may be used as pump sources. The autocorrelation and corresponding pulse spectrum are shown in Fig. 2. Wavelengths around 1.55 pm are useful because of the availability of reliable pump sources, however other emission wavelengths compatible with cladding pumping have also been demonstrated, namely Nd and Yb-doped fiber lasers. Though their emission wavelengths are in the positive dispersion regime of silica glass, compact soliton type fiber lasers may still be constructed by adding chirped fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation to the cavity.6 In fact passively modelocked soliton-type fiber lasers may in principle be demonstrated in the whole trans100


The author answers his critics by discussing eight items. First, the category "the fundamental Christian story" is clarified; each person has only one fundamental Christian story, although many such stories occur throughout history. Second, Ole Davidsen is reminded that the aim of "Den Kristne Grundfortaelling" ( The Fundamental Christian Story) is a fundamental theology in which the relationship between story and reflection is already assumed. Third, it is pointed out to Peter Kemp that the scheme of the book establishes the narrative foundation for all criticism which of course neither excludes "criticism of consciousness" nor ethical criticism which is discussed in item four. Five to seven, Per Bilde's criticism is considered to be out of place because he disregards that the problem posed in the book concerns the reality which the historical-critical method assumes, and not primarily the method itself. Eight, it is discussed whether Peter Kemp is correct in assuming that the symbol alone admits transcendence and criticism, a point which the author challenges. The author accepts along the way two critical objections raised by Jan Lindhardt.


Vocational education,supported by the society and the enterprises,is an important part in the development of enterprises.Leading culture,benefits culture,harmony culture are the main elements in the modern society culture forms.Besides,enterprise culture is the main body in the vocational college's education.Therefore,school culture should be combined with enterprise culture that ought to be spread by the double-qualified teachers.


Objective  We investigated whether inhibition of oestrogen biosynthesis with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, during adolescence improves near‐final height in boys with constitutional delay of puberty.


Waveguides are robust structure and handle high power well, compared to transmission line filter such as coplanar lines, microstrips and striplines. Modeling techniques of the waveguide of the filter using the non-planner model that is most preferable among all present for low cost mass production of microwave and millimeter wave circuits and systems. The mathematical computations for the design dimensions of a wave guide band pass filter are implemented using HFSS software based on the insertion loss method. This paper basically concerned with the improvement characteristics of post coupled designs that have been modeled. This paper demonstrates the approach to overcome the limitation inherent in post coupled , hairpin as well as suppression of the harmonic which is prominent in the micro strip coupled filter and resonator topology. This has been achieved using the design concept of finite conductive post coupled obstacles into the perfect impedance match rectangular waveguide. The modified topologies of the post coupled along with the concept of reduced insertion loss and better return loss with improved quality factor has been achieved. Furthermore, presented structures results are sensitive to standard design equations and dimensions of the elements used. The resonator topologies were designed here at the center frequency of 11.2 GHz, with insertion loss -0.04dB and return loss -67.8616dB with narrow bandwidth and VSWR (Voltage standing wave ratio) =1. 05.


The parity-violating energy difference (PVED) between two enantiomers of a chiral molecule is caused by the weak interaction. Because of the smallness of the PVED, nonzero PVED is yet to be discovered in experimental searches. To detect the PVED, the search for molecules with large PVED values is important. Previously, one of the authors proposed that the PVED may be significantly enhanced in ionized or excited states. The significant enhancement of the PVED in some electronic excited states is proven in this study using H$_2$X$_2$ (X=O, S, Se, Te) molecules as examples. The maximum enhancement was an about 360-fold increase for H$_2$Se$_2$. For the PVED calculation, we employ the finite-field perturbation theory (FFPT) within the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory based on the exact two-component molecular-mean field Hamiltonian. The relation between the enhancement of the PVED and the contribution to the PVED from the highest occupied molecular orbital is also examined. The effects of computational elements, such as parameters related to the electron correlation and FFPT on PVED values in excited states of H$_2$X$_2$ molecules are studied.


Abstract In this study, synthetic methodologies have been developed which are potentially useful in preparing 4- and 5-aroylpyrrole-2-acetic acids bearing no alkyl substituents on the heterocyclic nitrogen. These compounds are structurally related to a class of NSAIDs.


Atmospheric turbulence has a significant impact on acoustic propagation. It is necessary to account for this impact in order to study noise propagation, sound localization, and for the development of new remote sensing methods. A solution to a set of recently derived closed form equations for the spatial coherence function of a broadband acoustic pulse propagating in a turbulent atmosphere without refraction and with spatial fluctuations in the wind and temperature fields is presented. Typical regimes of the atmospheric boundary layer are explored.


Objective To discuss the plastic operation methods and the skills on the large ares eyelid defect which results from carcinoma of skin eyelid.Methods Under local or general anesthesia,The eyelid illed issues were excised.Then,the inner tarsal defect was repaired by the conjunctiva-tarsus flap or the hard palate mucosa or sclera forein-body grafting;the outer skin defect was repaired by full thickness or pedide sliding flap grafting in one-stage.Results Nine patients were treated with those method.They all healed up in one-stage and were satisfied with the cosmetic apperance.Conclusion The plastic operations on the large ares eyelid defect results from carcinoma of skin eyelid in one-stage are satisfactory.

Key words:
Eyelid; Carcinoma; Defect; Plastic


Karyotypes and distribution of B-chromosomes in four youngs from one litter are examined. They have the same basic karyotype with 2n=38. The Robertsonian fission is not observed in these specimens. Among four specimens, two specimens, RD-8404 (_??_) and RD-8406 (_??_), have the modal number of 2 B's, but the other two, RD-8405 (_??_) and RD-8407 (_??_), show to have 3 B's. The somatic variation of the number of B's is observed in these four specimens, but is slightly different from each other. The difference of the number of B's in these specimens is suggested to be due to the random distribution of B's in meiosis of the parents.


There is given the semantic analysis of litotes in the description of natural disasters in the English language media texts. The language material allows revealing that the most productive conceptual sphere in litotes models is the scale.


Jun (2005) compares prosodic prominence types in 21 languages representing diverse families (including Australian, Chinese, Germanic, Muskogean, Romance, and Semitic, but none from Austronesian). Jun observes an implicational relationship between the prominence type a language uses at the lexical level (i.e., lexical tone, stress or pitch accent) and the prominence type it uses postlexically (i.e., head‐marking or edge‐marking). Fourteen languages in the sample employ lexical stress; all use postlexical head‐marking (i.e., postlexical pitch accent on a phrases most prominent syllable), and four additionally mark a phrases' edge(s). No stress language in the sample employs postlexical edge‐marking alone. However, Tagalog may be such a language. Tagalog uses lexical stress (LAyas ''leave;'' laYAS ''carefree''), but arguably does not use head‐marking. This study examined map‐task data from four native speakers of Tagalog. Syllables bearing main stress in a phrase, and occurring between zero and three syllabl...


Caird was also innovative in his views on apocalyptic. Unconvinced that most eschatologicallanguage was meant literally, Caird argues that the biblical writers described impending historical crises with apocalyptic language so that the fall of Jerusalem, for example, was seen as the"end of Israel" but described in language that depicted the"end of the world." (Caird once commented that if Jesus had lived beyond the destruction of Jerusalem, he would not have been disappointed that the end did not come. Instead, he would have said: "See, I told you so!") Thus, the main emphasis of apocalyptic literature "has less to do with imminence than with confidence in the ultimate triumph of the purposes ofGod" (72).


It is the random and irregular and variable properties of disturbance signal in the detection of power quality, there is lack of mature methods for detection and location of PQ disturbances. An improved morphological undecimated wavelet scheme was presented in this paper and applied to the detection of power quality disturbance. The improved MUDW scheme, which meets signal reconstruction conditions, contains broad open-close or close-open filter and morphological gradient which detect mutations on the top and bottom edges of signal. It used MATLB to detect transient or steady state with single or composite disturbance signals and made comparison with the existing form of sampling wavelet. The result shows that the new MUDW scheme can recognize and detect the signal and has a good anti-noise performance.


Purpose
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults and approximately half of those diagnosed will die of metastasis. This study investigates whether UM progression is driven by a subpopulation of stem-like cells, termed "cancer stem cells" (CSCs).

Methods
Expression of postulated stem cell markers aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD44, and CD133 was analyzed in UM cell lines and primary UM short-term cultures (STCs) established from tumor samples. Additionally, the notion of a "cellular hierarchy" within UM was investigated. Finally, the phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental factors was explored.

Results
We demonstrate that expression of ALDH, CD44, and CD133 does not select for a subpopulation of stem-like cells in either UM cell lines or UM STCs. Furthermore, there is an absence of a cellular hierarchy in cell lines and all cells in culture are able to drive tumor progression. Last, we show that established UM cell lines and UM STCs are plastic in nature and switch their phenotype in response to environmental stimuli.

Conclusions
We hypothesize that this capacity to undergo phenotypic plasticity may be a consequence of neural crest lineage and renders the exploration of the CSC hypothesis extremely challenging in UM.


The photolysis of C2H6 in liquid nitrogen was studied at 1470 A. It was found that the excited ethylene so produced, whose alternative paths are collisional deactivation and decomposition to acetylene plus hydrogen, was entirely deactivated by nitrogen with the acetylene quantum yield falling to zero at very low conversion: C2H6*→C2H4†+H2,C2H4†+M→C2H4+M. The excited ethane formed in the primary process is not deactivated by 1012 collisions per second with nitrogen. Excited ethylene formed by photolysis of ethylene at 1470 A is not quenched by the nitrogen but is partially quenched by 0.001 mole fraction NO. Thus, electronically excited ethylene is partially deactivated by collisions at a rate of 109 sec−1. No positive evidence for reaction of CH3CH with N2 was obtained.


The average annual ground-water recharge to the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas, from 1934 through 1977 was about 589,200 acre-feet. A maximum annual recharge of 1,711,200 acre-feet occurred in 1958, and a minimum annual recharge of 43,700 acre-feet occurred in 1956. A maximum annual discharge of 960,900 acre-feet occurred in 1977, and a minimum annual discharge of 388,800 acre-feet occurred in 1955. The maximum annual discharge by wells was 406,800 acre-feet in 1971.


A substantial number of tourism studies concerned with destination awareness and intention to visit a specific destination have sought to identify the dominant factors influencing consumer choice behavior. The distinguishing characteristic of this study is its use of an alternative approach to understanding consumer choice behavior derived from symbolic interactionist theory. The study represents the first test of a drama-based theory in a tourism destination choice context. The motorcycle tourism market for West Virginia serves as an exemplar. The model allowed for the correct classification of 65.6 percent of respondents who had toured the state (classification error reduction of 31.2 percent) and 69.2 percent of respondents who plan to tour the state in the future (classification error reduction of 38.5 percent). Suggestions for further development of drama-based choice models and their application in the context of tourism research are discussed.


This study examined audience perceptions of a political candidate's credibility and likeability as a function of varying the candidate's responses to an opponent's nonverbal disparagement during a televised debate. 412 participants watched a purported televised debate between candidates for mayor in a small city in Utah. In all six versions, one debater engaged in strong nonverbal disagreement during his opponent's opening statement. His opponent responded to the nonverbal behavior with one of six decreasingly polite messages. Results indicated that more direct (i.e., less polite) messages increased audience perceptions of the speaker's expertise and character compared to providing no response. The results also showed a significant interaction between response type and audience member's level of trait verbal aggressiveness. The "indirect" and "on-record with redress" responses led to stronger perceptions of speaker composure and extroversion for members high in verbal aggression and the "off the record" strategy led to higher perceptions of extroversion and composure for members low in verbal aggression.


In assessing EFL students' writings consistently, there are various factors that must be taken into consideration while rating. Especially those who want to make quantitative researches using raters or who aim to give suitable feedback to written productions should be responsible for fulfilling the requirements in marking and scoring process. In this context, this paper looks insight for some issues related to the raters, such as inter:rater reliability, analytic or holistic examinations, rating criteria, and others. This study includes 8 native raters and 8 non:native raters, each of whom rated an ESL essay both holistically and analytically. Every participant rater's background of scoring ESL writings was similar. The result showed that there was no significant difference between raters, that is, participants' grading of the essay is irrespective of their being native speakers. At the end of the study, some important implications for essay rating practices and both the researchers and language teacher were emphasized.


Abstract The interplay between disorder and electron–electron interaction is studied using measurements of the vertical dc conductivity of intentionally disordered GaAs/Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As superlattices. At low temperatures a quasimetallic behavior is observed even for large disorder which is attributed to an inhomogeneous charge distribution reducing the disorder potential. At low doping levels and low temperatures, exchange–correlation interaction leads to an inhomogeneous charge distribution over the wells of ordered superlattices similar to a one-dimensional Wigner lattice.


We investigate the Pauli energy in atoms and molecules as a measure of electron localisation. Our results indicate that the Pauli energy has an exponential dependence on the number of localised electrons. This relationship yields to a kinetic energy density expression that depends on the electron density ρ(r) and the pair density ρ2(r, r′). The proposed equation shows certain advantages over a similar orbital-free kinetic energy functional recently proposed by Delle Site and co-workers. The methodology introduced here is a novel approach for exploring electronic quantities with a partition scheme that might be useful for research in density functional theory.


This paper presents the results of research on the total costs to society of different technologies for electric power production in the Federal Republic of Germany. The analysis views electricity costs from a macroeconomic perspective and includes the internal or private costs as well as the social costs. The focus is on fossil and nuclear fuels as conventional energy sources on the one side and on wind and photovoltaic electricity as examples of renewable energy sources on the other. Copyright 1990 Western Economic Association International.


Eliminating post-irradiation melting and stabilizing the residual free radicals of radiation crosslinked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with Vitamin-E resulted in improved fatigue crack propagation resistance without compromising wear resistance. We designed a cantilever post bending test to determine the bending fatigue resistance of vitamin E-doped, irradiated UHMWPE ( α -TPE) in comparison to conventional UHMWPE. The bending fatigue behavior of α -TPE was comparable to conventional UHMWPE. Upon accelerated aging the fatigue resistance of α -TPE was substantially better than that of conventional UHMWPE. α -TPE has shown improved wear and oxidation resistance, migration stability of vitamin E, and improved mechanical properties. The use of this material may be beneficial in total knee arthroplasty where its improved fatigue properties may be an advantage under high stresses.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was established by virologic or serologic studies or both in 30 of 41 renal allograft recipients (73%) who survived one or more months after transplantation. The infection occurred in 22 of the 24 patients (91%) with serologic evidence of exposure to CMV before transplantation, but in only eight of 17 (47%) who had no demonstrable serum antibody at the time of the surgical procedure. The data strongly suggest that active CMV infection in renal graft recipients can result either from the activation of "latent" virus or from exposure to the virus after transplantation. The occurrence of the infection did not correlate with a well-defined clinical syndrome even though generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease was found in some patients at autopsy.


Abstract Background New recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during delivery have changed the maternal birth experience. In this study, we investigated the mental perceived impact of PPE use during delivery on the development of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study concerning women who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic first lockdown period in Israel. Postpartum women were approached and asked to complete a comprehensive online questionnaire. Impact of PPE was graded on a scale of 1–5, and Impact of PPE ≥4 was considered high. PPD and PTSS were assessed using the EPDS and City BiTS questionnaires. Results Of 421 parturients, 36 (9%) reported high Impact of PPE. Parturients with high Impact of PPE had significantly higher PPD and PTSS scores)EPDS 8.4 ± 5.8 vs. 5.7 ± 5.3; City BiTS 9.2 ± 10.3 vs. 5.8 ± 7.8, p < 0.05 for both). Following adjustment for socio-demographic and delivery confounders and fear of COVID-19 (using Fear of COVID19 scale), Impact of PPE remained positively correlated with PPD symptoms (ß = 0.103, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.029–1.006, p = 0.038). Conclusion When examining the risk factors for developing postpartum PTSS—experiences during labor and PPE were found to be significant variables. As the use of PPE is crucial in this era of COVID-19 pandemic in order to protect both parturients and caregivers, creative measures should be taken in order to overcome the communication gap it poses.


In this article, the presentation as well as the interpretation (in a historical framework) of the creation and development of the historiography of the Greek education from the foundation of the Modern Greek State to date was attempted. During the first decades after the liberation of Greece from the Turks, this historiography served the national ideology, emphasizing on methodological works. From the very beginning of the 20 th century until 1974 (the period of the fall of the dictatorship excluded), historiography focused on event recording and undertook an educative role through a number of works which recorded events in a plenary, linear fashion. Over the last 35 years, historiography was obviously influenced by foreign trends, and it developed into new history, specifically, the interpretative history. This last change appeared in numerous works which, in addition to the description of events, attempted also to interpret them by correlating education with both the socio-political and the ideological-political conditions of the period. These works are influenced by the international trends in historiography such as the School of Annales, the Marxistic theories, the theories of reproduction, of dependence, etc.


Abstract:This paper discusses aspects of the terminology used in the Irish Sex Aetates Mundi (SAM), a Middle Irish historical text that displays special interest in the origins, languages and identities of nations. The efforts by the author of SAM to construct a comprehensive genealogy of mankind presented him with a problem that Christian scholars had attempted to deal with in various ways over the preceding centuries, namely, the apparent proliferation of nations beyond the canonical number of seventy-two. This paper argues that the solution to his problem proposed by the Irish scholar demonstrated a degree of imagination and innovation with which he has generally not been credited. Borrowing, and apparently redefining, terminology found in Old Irish legal and genealogical texts, he distinguished between two classes of nations—primary- and subordinate-nations—on the basis of whether or not they possessed their own languages.


Basod on the field hydrologic and sediment data, the river resistance,scouring and silting behavior,flow\|sediment and tidal movment law in the estuary reach of floodway of the Ziya River has been comprehensively analyzed.Such as runoff amount declining,river channel shrinking,obstructing flood\|plain in flood discharging and tidal dynamic,these caused a large quantities of sediment back\|deposition in the river estuary reach and in front of the tidal barrier.It is a commonly important problem affecting flood control safety in those muddy estuaries on the shore of Bohai Bay. Author of this paper analyzed and studied flood carrying capacity of estuary reach,roughness of flood\|plain and depositing trend in the river channel.And a way has been presented to improve depositional state in estuary reach and increase flood carrying capacity of the river channel.


While full-duplex (FD) transmission has the potential to double system capacity, its substantial benefit can be offset by the self-interference and nonideality of practical transceivers. In this paper, we investigate the achievable sum rates (ASRs) of half-duplex (HD) and FD transmissions with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, where nonideality is taken into consideration. Four transmission strategies are considered, namely, HD with uniform power allocation (UPA), HD with non-UPA (NUPA), FD with UPA, and FD with NUPA. For each of the four transmission strategies, an optimization problem is formulated to maximize its ASR, and a (suboptimal/optimal) solution with low complexity is accordingly derived. Performance evaluations and comparisons are conducted for three typical channels, namely, symmetric frequency-flat/selective and asymmetric frequency-selective channels. Results show that the proposed solutions for both HD and FD transmissions can achieve near-optimal performances. For FD transmissions, the optimal solution can be obtained under typical conditions. In addition, several observations are made on the ASR performances of HD and FD transmissions.


Spending based fiscal adjustment requires decisions on when? and how much to cut public spending to minimise adverae effects on economic growth. This requires precise estimates of the response of output to changes in the functional components of public spending. I call this the functional multiplier.I disaggregate government spending in 36 low-income countries over the Period 1984-2013 into its functional components. Using a GMM-IV model with fuel subsidies as the instrument for government spending I exploit difference in the length of exposure to statehood as a proxy for current absorptive capacity to estimate functional multipliers conditional on absorptive capacity.The estimated functional multipliers vary from -1.11 for economic aervices to 1.82 for social protection. I find that a one standard deviation change in absorptive capacity yields a 18 percent larger multiplier compared to the average level of absorptive capacity. A similar exercise for contestability shows that a one standard deviation change in contestability yields a 14 percent larger multiplier compared to the average level of absorptive capacity. I subject the GMM-IV estimates to a rigorous test to determine whether the estimated relationships an causal and not simply spurious correlation. Post-double LASSO estimates show that that the conditional functional multipliers are precisely estimated and of the same order of magnitude (though slightly larger) than the GMM-IV estimates. To obtain multipliers for individual countries (and not averages) I use a Bayesian iterative shrinkage estimators. The shrinkage estimates show that countries with higher than average absorptive capacity have multipliers that are 15 percent larger than thoae below the average.


Segars and Grover recently provided a refreshingly ambitious and rigorous example of instrument construction in their article developing a measure of Strategic Information System Planning (SISP) success. Their attention to the theoretical and research foundations of the construct combined with an extensive process of validating the initial item set should be viewed as a model for future instrument development efforts. Though exemplary in many ways, their approach in the use of covariance structure methods in finalizing the instrument presents several problems. This article presents a further refinement of their instrument for measuring SISP success by applying both traditional and contemporary guidelines to the use of covariance structure methods. In presenting our refinement, we address issues of scale unidimensionality, reflective versus formative variable types, model fit, model complexity, and the requisite sample sizes for evaluating complex models. The findings apply not only to future refinement and validation of SISP-related measures, but generalize to instrument development efforts across the full spectrum of MIS-related constructs.


Online videos provide a novel, and often interactive, platform for the popularization of science. One successful collection is hosted on the TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) web site. This study uses a range of bibliometric (citation) and webometric (usage and bookmarking) indicators to examine TED videos in order to provide insights into the type and scope of their impact. The results suggest that TED Talks impact primarily on the public sphere, with about three quarters of a billion total views, rather than the academic realm. Differences were found among broad disciplinary areas, with art and design videos having generally lower levels of impact but science and technology videos generating otherwise average impact for TED. Many of the metrics were only loosely related, but there was a general consensus about the most popular videos as measured through views or comments on YouTube and the TED site. Moreover, most videos were found in at least one online syllabus and videos in online syllabi tended to be more viewed, discussed and blogged. Less liked videos generated more discussion, although this may be because they are more controversial. Science and technology videos presented by academics were more liked than those by non-academics, showing that academics are not disadvantaged in this new media environment.


the two fields She provides a good intro duct ion to feminist themes for those un familiar with this perspective T h e reader will be disappointed, however, if he or she looks here for m u c h that is original T h e book is solid, but holds few surprises Perhaps the biggest surprise is Smith's style She makes a good case for the distinc tive gifts women bring to preaching imag inat ion a n d intimacy, a m o n g o t h e r s Unfortunately she does n o t demonstra te these gifts in this book H e r use of the weaving image, several stories, a n d her personal experience is mechanical and academic When she speaks in the first person, it sounds m o r e like rhetoric than self-revelation Smith's easy identification of the femi nist agenda with the gospel which the church is commissioned to preach may also prove to be a stumbling block for some readers O n e n e e d n o t embrace the feminist perspective, however, to benefit from e n c o u n t e r i n g it in this book Sadly, the author ' s style will deter many from that e n c o u n t e r


The tractor exported to Europe should meet EU stage ⅢA emission standards,so this paper introduces how to ameliorate the vehicle diesel engine for export.


This study focused on the antioxidant activity and its stability of catfish bone hydrolysate.Prepare different concentrations of zymolyte,and test their Clearance on the ·OH、H2O2 and O2-;to determine the dose-effect relationship of its antioxidant activity;the zymolyte were process in different(2-9),temperature(80 ℃-121 ℃),as well as the different time exposing in the ultraviolet(20 min-120 min) and microwave(0 min-5 min),to observe the change of its antioxidant activity.At the experimental concentration,the antioxidant activity of Hydrolysate enhanced significantly with the increase of its concentration,the IC50 on ·OH,H2O2 and O2-were 6.47,15.96,12.50 mg/mL;in different conditions,its antioxidant activity had a little change.The antioxidant activity of enzyme-hydrolyzed peptides were basically stable,this study results can provides theory basis.


in our present hospital system, and the cruelties with which it threatens the workmen of the United Kingdom who at present enjoy free hospital treatment at the voluntary hospitals. It was not possible to promulgate an organised plan of action for the voluntary hospitals all over the country until the Government's decision was known. To the surprise and regret of all who are familiar with the facts, the Government has not seen fit to provide in the Bill for the hospital care which the workmen throughout the United Kingdom must have when seriously ill. Yet Mr. Lloyd George told the deputation of the British Hospitals Association (see The Hospital for July 29, 1911,


Scientific publications are the most important resources available to the research communities. Researchers want their work to be widely recognized and available and also need powerful search engines to identify other publications and researchers working in the same area. Therefore, a good representation and organization of scientific products is crucial for an accurate retrieval of information. This paper describes an approach for automated population and semantic enrichment of an ontology model that represents scientific publications. Specifically, the type of enrichment used in this approach consists of implementing semantic similarity measurements between publications. Several experiments were performed to identify the best similarity measurement, using a statistical approach and the precision of the measurements.


We investigate possible scenarios of light-squark production at the LHC as a new mechanism to produce Higgs bosons in association with jets. The study is motivated by the SUSY search for H+jets events, performed by the CMS collaboration on √s = 8, 13 TeV data using the razor variables. Two simplified models are proposed to interpret the observations in this search. The constraint from Run I and the implications for Run II and beyond are discussed.


This paper suggests a theoretical re-reading of populism. Usually dismissed as a pathological form of politics, it deals with borders of political system and raises important issues to democratic theory. Koselleck's notion of modern political semantics helps to reframe the discussion of the ambiguous meaning of this term and introduce to philosophical interpretations of this concept. Drawing from heterogeneous philosophical material (especially, theory of power of Claude Lefort and theory of People of Jacques Ranciere), it is argued that the problem of populism arises when a particular form of collective ensemble, the people, is asked to open up for prospect of democratic expectations. Populism thus acquires an ambivalent position by articulating contemporary political reason.


Agrobacterium tumefaciens is commonly used in gene transfer to plants. Determination of the suitable plant genotypes facilitate this process. In this study, eight common vetch cultivars grown in Turkey were assessed for their susceptibility to oncogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A281. Ali common vetch cultivars showed susceptibility to infection from A. tumefaciens strain A281.


Colonization of the land by plants some 400 million years ago was associated with the colonization of their primitive roots by soil-borne filamentous fungi ([Nicolson, 1975][1];[Simon et al., 1993][2]; [Taylor et al., 1995][3]). Today, 90% to 95% of land plants still maintain some type of


Abstract : Management Consulting & Research, Inc. (MCR) examined Service skill training conducted at the installation level and analyzed its impact on unit productivity. MCR also conducted a special purpose task that examined the Navy Pipeline Management System. Volume I of the report describes techniques developed for examining Air Force training and the linkage with maintenance productivity. It also describes the MCR examination of Army installation-level training and a brief discussion of the Army's training effectiveness analysis process. Volume II of the report contains an examination of the Navy training pipeline with specific examination of two Navy ratings: Aviation Electronics Technician and Electronics Technician.


In this article, we propose an integrate-and-fire (IF) neuron circuit using a single-gated silicon nanowire feedback field-effect transistor that utilizes a positive feedback loop. The IF operations are investigated through mixed-mode technology computer-aided design simulations. The neuron circuit composed of four component transistors (plus one capacitor) exhibits a high firing frequency of ~20 kHz and low power and energy consumption of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.9\times 10^{-15}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> J. The firing frequency and spiking voltage can be controlled through external biasing voltages. Our novel neuron circuit demonstrates a promising potential for use in spiking neural network hardware for very large-scale integration.


This work mainly deal with the processing of Remote Sensed Images gathered from a radiometer flown aboard an environmental satellite. In this work some NOAA/AVHRR images have been used with focus on the southern Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. The images are navigated by resolving the satellite motion and the senors's scanning laws. And calibrated in order to obtain true radiance or temperature values. The first and second band of the AVHRR Radiometer are useful to distinguish between land and sea pixels. While the two thermal infrared channels (4 and 5) proved to be useful to find out the cloud affected pixels and to estimate the value of Sea Surface Temperature on the cloud free pixels. The presented method has been tested on an Intel Pentium 200 MHz based computer. It took 91 sec to perform the following steps: (1) Classify each pixel in one of the following categories: land, sea, cloud, cloud edge, coast line, outside the swath. (2) Estimate on sea, cloudy-free, pixels the Sea Surface Temperature by the means of a low noise split window algorithm on a multispectral image. This performance allows this estimation to be done in real time.


Objective To determine the outcome of blood donors infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV) for 16 years.Methods The symptoms and physical signs of patients were filled in questinnaire.5ml venous blood was collected from each patient.The alanine transaminase(ALT),anti-HCV,HCV RNA and biochemical marker in sera were detected.Results All of 162 patients didn't present severe hepatitis symptom and physical signs.95.68% showed evidence of positive anti-HCV;77.78% showed positive HCV RNA.The abnormal rate of ALT was 20.37% in this cohort.Stratified analysis showed that anti-HCV in serum was easier to change to be negative female of infection age over 40 than other patients.Conclusion Serum conversion may be correlated with female gender and the age of the patient at the onset.The outcome of patients with different symptoms didn't present variance.


In order to study caudal fin rot with emphasis on Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens in Salmo trutta caspius from the salmonids propagation and breeding center of Shahid Bahonar of kelardasht region, One hundred and eighty brood stocks having fin damage symptoms were chosen. Two bacterial samples from each fish were cultured on Aeromonas and Pseudomonas specific media. Biochemical tests, API2OE identification system and antibiogram test using six antibiotic disks were performed for diagnosing isolates bacteria and finding suitable antibiotic. Thirty samples from caudal fin of damaged fishes were fixed in 10% formalin and 51.tm microscopic sections were prepared using standard scatological methods and then stained by Haematoxylin-Eosin staining method to observe the pathological changes and also Maccallum-Goodpasture staining method to observe the bacterial colonies. In second stage of the study, bacterial samples were taken from thirty brood stocks using similar method at the first stage of sampling. For isolation and biochemical diagnosis of Aeromonas and Pseudormonas genus, the samples were analyzed by molecular research included PCR amplification (using 16S rDNA genes of the genus pseudomonas and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer of the genus Aeromonas) and restriction analysis by four restriction enzymes for each genus. The results of biochemical tests showed that isolated bacteria were belonged to Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila (subspecies anaerogenes), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas alcaligenes while the results of API2OE identification system showed that the isolated bacteria belonged to Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Restriction analysis of Aeromonas samples with Hin6l, Csp6I, Taql, and Tasl revealed three samples were different from others while restriction analysis of Pseudomonas samples with Alul, Hinfl, Rsal, and Trull showed at least five species or biovars. The results of antibiogram test showed all Aeromonas samples were sensitive to Trimethoprim, Chloramphenicol and Nitrofurazone, mostly to Nalidixic acid and Chloramphenicol, while most of samples were resistant to Erythromycin and Oxytetracycline. Pseudomonas samples were only sensitive to Nitrofurazone and mostly resistant to Oxytetracycline, Nalidixic acid, Erythromycin, Trimethoprim and Chloramphenicol. The results of light microscope study showed hyperplasia and spongiosis of the malpigian cells of epidermis, increasing of melanin pigments underlying epidermis; sever necrosis in both epidermis and dermis and also sloughing the epidermis in some cases. Occurrence of clefts through the epithelium, neovascularization, hyperemia and mild inflammatory response in dermis and separation of the fin rays also were observed. No bacterial colonies were found in the sections.


Plants and Microorganisms" was held in Stockholm on 25 May 2009 by the great support of the Stockholm Office of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), with Professor Vincent Bulone at KTH and I at Nara Institute of Science and technology (NAIST) as the organizers. Since we planned this colloquium on environmental issues related to plants and microorganisms, we proposed the theme of this colloquium as "Green Chemistry". Although "Green Chemistry" originally means "chemistry that minimize the environmental load", in this colloquium we considered "Green Chemistry" as "sciences related to environment and energy utilizing characteristics and ability of plants and microorganisms". Finally we selected 10 invited speakers from Sweden and Japan in this research field. The invited speakers are Johan Schnurer (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Microbiology), Kouki Hikosaka (Tohoku University, Plant Physiological Ecology), Brigitta Bergman (Stockholm University, Cyanobacteria), Toshihisa Kotake (Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis), Kiyohiko Igarashi (University of Tokyo, Cellulose Degradation), Lars Berglund (KTH, Cellulose Utilization), Tatuo Kaneko (Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Lignin Utilization), Eva Nordberg-Karlsson (Lund University, Plant Metabolite Utilization), Oskar Werner (Uppsala University/SweTree Technology, Material Surface Modification), and Ove Nilsson (Umea Plant Science Center, Forest Biotechnology). In addition to the invited speakers a number of researchers and students from Sweden and Japan participated to the colloquium and presented their researches on posters. The participants and audiences discussed actively after the oral presentations and in front of poster presentations, which were expected to promote new collaborations between two countries. This special issue of Plant Biotechnology contains papers presented in the colloquium, which was published as the proceeding of the colloquium, using budget provided by JSPS. We would like to thank Professor Hiroshi Sano and the staffs of the Stockholm Office of JSPS, and Ms. Johanna Fugelstad and Lotta Rosenfeldt of KTH, for their devoted supports in preparing and managing the colloquium. We would also like to thank Ms. Kuniko Yasumi, the manuscript manager, and the invited editors and reviewers for their help in editorial processes. Utilization of plants and microorganisms for environment and energy


Xi'an outdoor sports have been carried out vigorously in the young crowd and security issues are the main issues in its development;Xi'an city has the natural advantage of the development of outdoor sports and broad market prospects,so future developments need to be strengthened to guide.


Climate change and social issues have multiple two-way interactions, yet they are often addressed separately in public policy-making processes. We present here an analysis grid developed to facilitate the identification of climate and social hotspots in a national budget. Building on Climate Budget Tagging exercises, this tool aims to help governments easily review their entire budget to bring out budgetary measures that have both climate and social impacts. We applied the analysis grid to the French finance bill for 2021, highlighting that 83% of climate-related budgetary expenditures also have social impacts.


ABSTRACT This paper describes a new design strategy which is used to obtain a fivefold increase in the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of linear to circular polarization convertors based on anisotropic frequency selective surfaces composed of single screens of cross slots. The performance improvement is obtained by employing stratified dielectric media to carefully tailor the shape of the TE and TM spectral transmission responses. We demonstrate that a bandwidth of 24.5% can be achieved at a center operating frequency of 10.6 GHz using an array of unequal length cross-slots embedded centrally between two 2.25 mm thick dielectric slabs (εr = 9.0). Moreover it is shown that the inherent self-filtering behavior of the structure provides greater rejection of unwanted signals than designs embedded in lower permittivity material. Computed and experimental axial ratio results are compared to verify the new design methodology.


Abstract Salvage treatment of initial relapse was analyzed in 244 patients with previously untreated Hodgkin disease, stages l-lll, who had been prospectively randomized to receive radiation therapy (RT) alone or RT plus adjuvant MOPP (RT+CT). There were 64 evaluable patients who relapsed, 46 after RT and 18 after RT+CT. To date, 29 patients appeared to be salvaged by second treatment, 23 from RT alone (50%) who were then treated with MOPP and/or additional RT, and 6 from RT+CT (33%) who then received either chemotherapy or RT. The actuarial probability of remaining free of progressive disease was similar for both groups (p = 0.24), with a median of 25 mo for all relapsing patients. On the other hand, the median survival of those relapsing after RT+CT was 33 mo, as compared to 58% at 5 yr for RT relapse (p = 0.06). An initial disease-free interval of less than 12 mo prior to relapse did not adversely affect the progression-free interval (p = 0.23) or survival (p = 0.27) of RT relapsers, whereas this was a highly significant parameter for RT+CT relapsers, indicating both a shortened progression-free interval (p = 0.002) as well as survival (p = 0.01). Sites of relapse correlated with initial stage at presentation: for stages I and II, 16/24 relapsed in lymph nodes and 1/24 in bone marrow; for stage III, 13/40 relapsed in nodes and 14/40 in marrow. Freedom from further disease progression was 73% at 2 yr for nodal relapse and only 27% for bone marrow relapse (p


KMT Government implemented the cooperative economy policy during the period of the Republic of China,while the performance was not deficient because of the policy content's westernization,the compulsion in implementation and the absolute politics of the economy policy.It was owing to the factors that the policy deviated to the fact of China social economy,violated the cooperative economy rules and restricted the economy function of cooperative.The object of KMT Government reviving rural economy didn't realize.


This article examines the nutritional anthropometry of some Mexico City school children. 556 students, ages seven to fourteen from popular barrios of Mexico City were measured in 1994. The children9s diet basically consisted of plentiful tortillas, vegetables, and potatoes. To learn the nutritional state of the children, the following body measurements were considered: height, weight, fatty foods, and body mass.


Planet carrier (1) for a planetary gear of a motor vehicle, having at least a first planet carrier half (2) fixed for rotation with a second planet carrier half (3) and / or is axially connected, wherein the first planet carrier half (2) a central opening (14) for performing a includes shaft, and a plurality of tabs (6), in each of which one of the central opening (14) radially spaced planet bearing opening (7) for receiving a bearing component, via which a pinion can be mounted, is provided, wherein the outer contour of the first planet carrier half (2 is defined) by flanks (9, 10) which are configured such that a theoretical extension of a straight edge (9) through a planet bearing opening (7), characterized in that the straight flanks (9) in the manner of a tangential rib in such a way are aligned so that they turn in direction (15) with a constant pitch in the curved flanks (10) one of the HS accrued straps (6) merge.


A set of models is reviewed in which orderly urban phenomena are accounted for in terms of noise (randomness, stochastic processes): segmentation as a process of runs in random processes (percolation); filtering as a process of random walk and so diffusion, and as a Markov process. In particular, 'continuity' of the spatial price envelope, a truism of real estate, leads to the diffusion equation. No foreordained centers, boundaries, or gravity (or entropy) is needed to obtain clustering in these models. The models are combined in a simulation, implemented in a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, as well as in a partial differential equation driven by a stochastic source term.


This study demonstrates the usefulness of Kapetanois et al. (2003) test in differentiating the two stages of income convergence—long run convergence and catching up. A re-examination of the "Four Asian Dragons" economies, in which their income differentials with respect to Japan have been identified as non-linear stationary in Liew and Lim (2005), reveals that the economy of Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore are catching up, while Taiwan has yet to catch up, with the Japan economy.


Nowadays, Diabetes is one of the most common diseases, which has a huge and growing socio-economic burden affecting individuals, families, and the whole society. In this paper, we propose an optimal control approach modeling the evolution from pre-diabetes to diabetes with and without complications and the effect of living environment. We show the existence of an optimal control and then use a numerical implicit finite-difference method to monitor the size of population in each compartment.


A bumper reinforcement (10) is provided with a first member (1) and a second member (2). The first member (1) includes a flat plate section (11) and two first projecting sections (12). The first projecting sections (12) are respectively connected to the two side edges of the flat plate section (11). The second member (2) includes a top plate section (24), two vertical wall sections (22), two flange sections (21), and two second projecting sections (23). The vertical wall sections (22) are respectively connected to the two side edges of the top plate section (24). The flange sections (21) are respectively connected to the two vertical wall sections (22). The second projecting sections (23) are respectively connected to the side edges of the two flange sections (21), and are provided so as to correspond to the first projecting sections (12). The flange sections (21) of the second member (2) and the flat plate section (11) of the first member (1) are joined. The second projecting sections (23) project toward the second member (2).


Objective: To investigate the effect of slow walking speed on the gait. Method: Twenty healthy young male subjects were recruited. The temporospatial data, kinematic and kinetic data in sagittal plane at two different walking speed (2 km/hr, 4 km/hr) were obtained through three dimensional analyzer with the force plate, and compared these parameters at slow gait speed to those at normal gait speed. Results: The cadence and step length decreased significantly and double support time increased significantly (p


A water‐based iron oxide/cobalt/reduced graphene oxide (Fe2O3/Co/rGO) precursor was spray‐coated via supersonic spraying onto a flexible substrate to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes. The inclusion of Co in Fe2O3 increased the number of electrochemical reaction sites and enhanced the local electron mobility, which in turn improved the overall energy storage capability of the electrodes. The Co salt concentration was varied to determine the optimal electrochemical performance. Supersonic spraying was utilized to coat rGO sheets, on which the bimetallic CoFe2O3 particles were evenly distributed. The uniform coating of rGO and its excellent electrical conductivity increased the electron mobility of the electrode and provided shorter ionic diffusion pathways. Furthermore, the catastrophic impact of supersonic spraying led to the exfoliation of the rGO sheets, which increased the surface area and enhanced the adherence of the CoFe2O3 particles to the substrate. This rGO exfoliation also enabled the accommodation of the CoFe2O3 particles between the exfoliated graphene sheets, thereby enhancing electron transport throughout the electrode. The optimal sample exhibited a specific capacitance of 1.11 F·cm−2 at a current rate of 2 mA·cm−2, energy density of 0.62 mWh·cm−2 at a power density of 8 mW·cm−2, and capacitance retention of 89% after 10,000 charge‐discharge cycles.


ABSTRACT A new magnetic adsorbent material, called magnetic polyamine-epichlorohydrin (MPE) resin, was prepared by attaching activated magnetite to the outer surface of polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin beads. Experiments were carried out in the presence of a 0.3-tesla magnetic field to investigate the removal of actinides (plutonium and americium) from pH 12 wastewater using this new resin. The results demonstrated that the MPE resin has a significantly enhanced capacity for actinides over conventional ferrite-based surface complexation adsorption processes (where no field is applied) and over traditional high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) processes that remove suspended particles. This enhancement was attributed to the presence and subsequent removal of suspended actinide nanoparticles through an HGMS effect, with the magnetite acting as a very effective HGMS element. A theoretical analysis verified this supposition by showing that under adequate pHs and particle-particle separations, the attractive...


A simple fuzzy relational data model is implemented on the basis of the theory of fuzzy set, including the definition, operating and integrity of the fuzzy relation. It is used to set up a fuzzy relational database system in evaluating on general ablitily of the teacher.


The role of metabolic reprogramming in the coordination of the immune response has gained increasing consideration in recent years. Indeed, it has become clear that changes in the metabolic status of immune cells can alter their functional properties. During inflammation, T cells need to generate sufficient energy and biomolecules to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Therefore, T cells need to rearrange their metabolism to meet these demands. A similar metabolic reprogramming has been described in endothelial cells, which have the ability to interact with and modulate the function of immune cells. In this overview, we will discuss recent insights in the complex crosstalk between endothelial cells and T cells as well as their metabolic reprogramming following activation. We highlight key components of this metabolic switch that can lead to the development of new therapeutics against chronic inflammatory disorders.


SummaryDuring studies on the helminth fauna of wolves inhabiting natural ecosystems of Poland, 86 scats were examined. All the samples were collected in the autumn of 2005. Spirocerca lupi was detected with decantation and flotation techniques. The prevalence was 2.32 %. This is the first record of the parasite from Poland and the third case of its occurrence in the wolf (Canis lupus L.) within its distribution range.


Suresh Sadhasivam 1 Kalpna Garkhal Himanshi Singh Vishal Yadav 1 Suresh Chawrai Mukesh Ramnane Shilpi Jain 1 Kabir Sardana 3 Shamik Ghosh 1Vyome Therapeutics Limited, New Delhi 110092, India; 2MS Clinical Research Pvt. Ltd, Ulsoor, Bangalore 560008, India; 3Department of Dermatology, Dr RML Hospital and PGIMER, New Delhi 110001, India Background: Uninhibited proliferation of Malassezia spp., enhanced sebaceous gland activity and individual sensitivity are three prime etiological factors behind dandruff. For many dandruff sufferers, existing anti-dandruff products start yielding unsatisfactory results after a few cycles of use. This observation made us explore the physical and biological environment of the host and exploit the specific type of lipid dependence of Malassezia spp. for their survival. A shampoo formulation (product code VB-3222) was developed to address the shortcomings of existing therapy. Purpose: Evaluating efficacy of VB-3222 in comparison to marketed products through in vitro assays and subsequently demonstrating its advantages in a clinical study. Methods: VB-3222 was developed with a derivative of medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) and zinc pyrithione and compared against marketed comparators by in vitro time kill assay. Subsequently, VB-3222 shampoo was tested in a 21-day clinical trial on 25 moderate dandruff subjects to evaluate local safety and efficacy. Results: VB-3222 in all in vitro cases demonstrated significantly better fungicidal activity than its marketed comparators. In the clinical trial, VB-3222 was well tolerated in all subjects and imparted consistent reduction of the ASFS (adherent scalp flaking score) and the pruritus score. At days 7 and 21, 55% and 90% reduction in the ASFS in comparison to treatment initiation and 50% and 95.5% reduction in the pruritus score were observed. Conclusion: The increased efficacy of VB-3222 over comparator products in vitro, and the dramatic reduction (>90%) in ASFS and pruritis in subjects within 21 days of use with excellent tolerability and sensorial profile, positions VB-3222 as the new generation treatment for adherent dandruff. Clinical Trial Registration No: CTRI/2018/05/013567.


The invention provides a method for synthesizing (S)-2-aminobutanol. The method sequentially comprises steps as follows: (1) a supported metal catalyst is prepared; (2), (S)-2-aminobutanol is dissolved in deionized water, the pH (potential of hydrogen) value is adjusted to be 1-5, and the supported metal catalyst is added; hydrogen is introduced, the reaction temperature is controlled in the range from 60 DEG C to 70 DEG C, the reaction pressure is 2-4 MPa, and the mixture continuously reacts for 4-10 hours in the hydrogen atmosphere until hydrogen absorption stops; (3) after the reaction ends, the catalyst is separated from a reaction liquid, and a finished product (S)-2-aminobutanol is obtained through aftertreatment of filtrate. The method is low in production cost and simple and convenient to operate, raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, little pollution is caused to the environment, the operation is safety, the production yield is high, and the product quality is stable.


S u m m a r y The longevity of total hip arthroplasties is significantly reduced by the wear of joint surfaces. Wear is the result of the product between contact pressure and sliding distance that is generated by the patient's daily activity. While the sliding distance can be calculated using the variation of angles describing the hip kinematics, determining the pressure distribution prove to be difficult especially because the Hertz contact hypotheses are not valid in the case of ball-in-socket joints. With the aid of finite element method it was possible to study the behavior of hip joint prostheses having different radial clearances under similar loads. It is emphasized the influence of radial clearance on the contact area, maximum contact pressure and pressure distribution.


This paper is focused on the learning ability of Intelligent Web Agents. We propose that through the study of a user's action in a web site, the Agents can learn the interest patten of the user, then recommend information to realize an optimal information publish and retrieve process.


Chen et al. concluded that above 3-year persistent Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp-I) is positively associated with serum hyperhomocysteinemia in adult healthy Chinese population, by introducing the diagnostic 13C-urea breath test, signifying current Hp-I. Current Hp-I, beyond its local virulence, is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related extragastric pathologies. Interactions between Hp-I-plus Mets-related hyperhomocysteinemia appear to contribute to atherosclerosis linked with systemic pathologies including cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, the end endpoints of MetS, also mentioned by the authors. Therefore, targeting the prevention of atherosclerosisrelated such pathologies should include identification and treatment mainly H. pylori infection, MetS, and hyperhomocysteinemia (owing to unrecognized metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency). Specifically, MetS with Hp-I-induced chronic gastritis can result in malabsorption of vitamins B12 and folate, leading to methylation by 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid failure and, thus, in homocysteine accumulation which, as a proatherogenic agent, is an independent risk factor for the mentioned cardiocerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases; and hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and high lipoprotein-a (a low density lipoprotein-like particle which contains the plasminogen homologue apo (a) disulfide-bound to apo B), as three 'non-conventional' coronary artery disease risk factors, may promote the occurrence of atherosclerosis and sequelae, including neurodegeneration. As a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), hyperhomocysteinemia increases amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and/or deposition and impairs cognitive decline; and hyperhomocysteinemia with a consequence deficiency of methionine and S-adenosyl-Lmethionine, as well as raised S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, are related with a decreased methylation capacity and the inhibition of methylation reactions, thereby aggravating both Αβ and tau pathologies also observed in Hp-related AD. More specifically, since essential factors connected with early onset of atherosclerosis and its complications, such as neurodegenerative disorders, are the mentioned hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and raised lipoprotein-a, hyperfibrinogenemia is related with an increased risk of dementia and AD. Cognitively normal elderly people with high plasma levels of Aβ exhibit lower cognitive performance and hyperhomocysteinemia than those with low Aβ levels. Specifically, cognitively normal elderly persons with high Aβ have hyperhomocysteinemia, thinner temporal lobe, and lesser daily memory. Our own results indicate that active Hp-I could be involved in the pathophysiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal phase highly predictive of consequent AD development, via induction of chronic atrophic gastritis-hyperhomocysteinemiaAD sequence. Hyperhomocysteinemia seems to be an active player involved in the neuropathophysiology of MCI-AD sequence by inducing Aβ and tau pathologies with synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation and memory deterioration, thereby suggesting a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of people bearing this risk factor. In this regard, beyond hyperhomocysteinemia, additional Hp-related MetS parameters contribute to MCI-AD sequence. Comparable data may also introduce in isolate clinical syndrome (CIS)-multiple sclerosis (MS) sequence. Our own data indicate that active Hp-I, beyond MS, is also frequent with CIS, the prodromal phase of consequent MS development, accompanied by hyperhomocysteinemia, and Hp eradication may delay CIS progression to MS development. Active Hp-I is also associated with primary open-angle glaucoma, which has been called "ocular AD" and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in some populations studied. Moreover, Hp eradication seems to improve glaucoma parameters, thereby signifying a potential casual relation between Hp-I and glaucoma. Glaucoma, induces the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons and appears to be the second most common reason of blindness worldwide. In this respect, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are main mediators involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and in inner retinal neurodegenerative disorders. These mediators are also mediators of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced neuronal RGC death; oxidative stress is a major pathogenic mechanism related with hyperhomocysteinemia. Interestingly, nutritional disturbances seem to be connected with an augmented risk of glaucoma,and the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia by receiving low-cost vitamin B12 and folic acid regimens may prevent vascular abnormalities of this disorder. Furthermore, Hp-I, accompanied by homocysteine alterations, might be involved in the development of schizophrenia. In this respect, growing evidence also indicates that vitamin supplementation, especially with the mentioned low-cost vitamin B12, folate and vitamin D, could offer significant benefit in the treatment of schizophrenia. Taken together, since Hp eradication in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency is followed by increasing of vitamin B12 with concomitance reduction of homocysteine blood concentrations, further research is warranted to elucidate in depth the impact of Hp eradication on hyperhomocysteinemia-related metabolic disorders in such Hp positive populations with long-term increased serum homocysteine concentrations. doi:10.1111/jgh.15753


The Women's Liberation movement, which provided the basic impulse for the enterprise of women's history, began in the United States in the 1960s and only later spread to Europe. While work in women's history had already begun to appear in some quantity in America in the early 1970s, it was not until the end of the decade that countries such as France and Germany began to follow suit. Nevertheless, the study of European women and their past formed an essential part of the subject from the very beginning.2 It was in European history, for example, that the most striking examples of women's involvement in revolutionary movements, from Olympe de Gouges to Rosa Luxemburg, could be found:3 and it was also to European history that feminists had to look for the most extreme forms of male supremacy and sexism in the regimes of Hitler and Stalin. It was not surprising, therefore, that European history loomed very large in the seminal book in the field, Kate Millett's Sexual Politics.4 Yet students of the subject were faced with peculiar difficulties. The strength of the feminist tradition in America helped keep the