Abstract In Europe, Spain is the principal chickpea (Cicer arietinum) producer. Traditionally, the chickpea crop is predominately a spring crop and is rain‐fed. However, a little of the crop is irrigated. The sowing density used depends principally on soil water availability. This work was carried out in 2001 and 2002 in the province of Leon, Spain, under irrigated conditions to determine the influence of sowing densities of 8, 16, 25, and 36 plants/m2 on the yield and yield components of a kabuli type of chickpea. There was a reduction in the number of pods/plant (mean, from 56.0 at 8 plants/m2 to 14.3 at 36 plants/m2) and the 1000‐seed weight (mean, from 406g at 8 plants/m2 to 383g at 36 plants/m2) as plant density was increased. The highest yields of 222 and 208 g/m2 were obtained at the highest density (36 plants/m2) and the lowest density (8 plants/m2), respectively. With the exception of 8 plants/m2, increases in yield were caused by an increase in plant density.


High strain rate experiments performed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, polycarbonate composites (MWCNT-PC) have exhibited enhanced impact resistance under a dynamic strain rate of nearly 2500/s with composition of only 0.5 to 2.0% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in pure polycarbonate (PC). Similarly, hardness and elastic modulus under static loads resulted in a significant increase, depending upon the composition of MWCNTs in PC. The present work aims to analyze these results by correlating the data to fit expressions in generalizing the behavior of MWCNTs composition for MWCNT-PC composites under both static and impact loads. As a result, we found that an optimum composition of 2.1 weight % of MWCNTs exhibits maximum stress resistance within elastic range under strain rates of nearly 2500/s for MWCNT-PC composites. The composition of MWCNTs plays a crucial role in maximizing modification of static and dynamic impact-based mechanical properties of polycarbonates. Further, a simple model based on Lennard–Jones 6–12 atom-atom based potential is formulated and used to compute preliminary estimates of static properties of pure as well as composite PC with the aim to modify this in subsequent approaches.


Before his passing, Richard F. Gerson was president of Gerson Goodson, a consulting firm specializing in evaluating people, teams, and organizations to help them achieve high performance. He was a pioneer in the performance psychology field and an expert in identifying behavioral and mental strategies used to perform at a high level. His specialty was training programs to improve performance. Achieving High Performance (ISBN: 0–87425–927–4) is published by HRD Press and ISPI. The publisher may be reached online at http://www.hrdpress.com or by telephone at 800-822–2891.


I consider a model for heavy meson decays based on an effective quark-meson Lagrangian. The model is constrained by the known symmetries of QCD in the m_Q -> infinity limit for the heavy quarks, and chiral symmetry in the light quark sector. Using a limited number of free parameters it is possible to compute several phenomenological quantities, e.g. the leptonic B and B** decay constants; the Isgur-Wise form factors: xi, tau(3/2), tau (1/2), describing the semi-leptonic decays B -> D(*) l nu, B -> D** l nu; the form factors for heavy to light decays B -> rho l nu, B -> a_1 l nu. I show that the semileptonic heavy-to-light form factors calculated in the model fulfill the general relations that hold in QCD in the large energy limit for the final hadron.


- An essential condition for the development of entrepreneurship is an innovative culture, climate and tradition. There is no doubt that these factors depend on the industrial culture, the mentality of the people, as well as on the climate created in the society. This climate depends on the global policy that is conducted in society, on the created material assumptions, but also on numerous other factors: sociological, psychological, ethical, normative, etc.


The purpose of this paper is to study the pattern of interactive learning in strategic networks. Interactive learning is defined as the exchange and sharing of knowledge resources conducive to innovation between an innovator firm, its suppliers, and/or its customers. The strength of internal knowledge resources can either hamper or facilitate levels of interactive learning. We assume that more complex innovative activities urge firms to co-ordinate and exchange information between users and producers, which implies a higher level of interactive learning. To test our theoretical claims, we estimated the level of interactive learning of firms in strategic networks with: (1) their customers, (2) their suppliers. Theses analyses allow a comparison of the antecedents of interactive learning of firms participating in strategic networks. Our findings suggest that interactive learning with customers is positively affected by company's capabilities and value-created activities, and with supplies is positively affected by value-created activities and technology innovation centers.


The Murrin Murrin nickel laterite process in Western Australia emits about 14 tonnes and 8 tonnes of CO2 during power generation and neutralisation respectively, while consuming over 30 tonnes of neutralising agent [1] and about 40 tonnes of sulphuric acid per tonne of nickel metal produced. Under Australia's former carbon tax this represents a cost of nearly $14 million AUD per annum, and while this tax has been removed a carbon pricing scheme could be reinstated in Australia and this could threaten the economic sustainability of this operation. Nickel laterites are a form of naturally weathered ultrafamic rock containing saprolites (e.g. 1.8-3 wt% Ni). This presents the opportunity to integrate a mineral carbonation process within the nickel refining process, and as a medium scale emitter of CO2 (<2.5 Mtpa) this may be a good approach to reducing emissions in this industry [2]. Our group at the University of Queensland is developing a process for nickel laterites to regenerate acid and base while capturing CO2 emissions as mineral carbonates. In the process sulphuric acid is used to extract nickel, which also causes magnesium to dissolve. Normally this magnesium is neutralised to magnesium sulphate and represents about 4 tonnes of tailings per tonne of nickel metal. In the proposed process triethylamine is used as a base to raise the pH of this solution before bubbling CO2-rich flue gas though the solution to precipitate magnesium carbonate. This can then be used for neutralisation while sequestering about 1.5 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of nickel metal. The aqueous product stream containing acid-protonated amine is then distilled to recover free amine and acid which are both recycled within the process. A major benefit of this process for CO2 sequestration is that it does not rely solely on a carbon tax to be economically attractive because there may not be a need to purchase acid or base. This presentation will focus on the regeneration of the acid and base via fractional distillation. Solutions of sulphuric acid with excess triethylamine at various concentrations were distilled using various heating protocols to study the effect on the energy requirements, percentage recovery of the amine and water co-evaporation. This information will be used to determine the optimal ratio of acid and base and the associated energy requirement. For the regeneration process to be successful enough amine must be regenerated to sufficiently raise the pH for carbonation with minimal co-evaporation of water to minimise energy requirements and ensure the overall process is carbon negative.


Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens pose constant challenges to health care industries worldwide. Bacteria by being ubiquitous and capable of getting transmitted through various sources frequently develop antibiotic resistance, thus making their control ever unsolved. Nanoparticles of different metals have been proved to be highly specific and effective antimicrobial agents in several reports. Owing to the precise action, nanoparticles are considered as preferable agents for designing drugs in modern medicine for controlling bacterial pathogens. In this study using poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polymers as stabilizing agents five different nanoparticles (NPs) of three metals namely, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and silver (Ag), were synthesized. Subsequent to their physicochemical characterization, the antibacterial properties against three bacterial test organisms viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles were determined using resazurin microtitre assay. Among the NPs synthesized with PEG, CuNPs showed substantial antibacterial activity on all the test bacteria with MIC of 0.075mg/ml while the NiNPs showed moderate activity especially with the lowest MIC against S. typhi (0.312 mg/ml). Regarding NPs synthesized with PVP CuNPs exhibited higher inhibitory activity with the lowest MIC of 0.078 mg/ml against E. coli. NiNPs demonstrated fair antibacterial activity with the lowest MIC of 0.625 against S. typhi. Surprisingly the AgNPs could inhibit the bacteria only at higher concentrations with MIC of 5.0 mg/ml. Overall, PEG based NPs were better in the antibacterial action than those of PVP stabilized NPs with the respective MIC ranges of 0.078 – 0.625 mg/ml and 0.078 – 5.0 mg/ml. Further studies for augmenting antibacterial activity of PEG stabilized NPs are under progress. Salient results are discussed.


Objective:To review the effects of video-assisted laparoscopic lumbar sympathectomy combined with in situ aterializa tion of the great saphenous vein for the treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans. Methods:From January 2005 to December 2006,12 patients with thromboangiitis obliterans were treated in our hospital with laparoscopic lumbar sympathectomy combined with in situ aterialization of the great saphenous vein. Results:Twelve limbs were followed-up from 6 months to 2 years.The intermittent claudication was delayed,and night pain was relieved or disappeared in all cases. Conlusion:Because of its small incision,little wound,and satisfactory efficacy,the present operation is applicable in clinic.


IVital Strategies – New York (NY), United States. Corresponding author: Philip Setel. 100 Broadway, suite 500, 10006, New York, NY, United States. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Conflict of interest: All authors are employees of Vital Strategies, an implementing partner of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Data for Health Initiative – Financial support: Funding from Vital Strategies as part of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Data for Health Initiative (Project 23998 Fundep/UFMG). DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720190015.supl.3


We consider the periodic $\mu$-DP equation (a modified version of the Degasperis-Procesi equation) as the geodesic flow of a right-invariant affine connection $\nabla$ on the Frechet Lie group $Diff^{\infty}(S^1)$ of all smooth and orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of the circle $S^1=R/Z$.
On the Lie algebra $C^{\infty}(S^1)$ of $Diff^{\infty}(S^1)$, this connection is canonically given by the sum of the Lie bracket and a bilinear operator. For smooth initial data, we show the short time existence of a smooth solution of $\mu$-DP which depends smoothly on time and on the initial data. Furthermore, we prove that the exponential map defined by $\nabla$ is a smooth local diffeomorphism of a neighbourhood of zero in $C^{\infty}(S^1)$
onto a neighbourhood of the unit element in $Diff^{\infty}(S^1)$. Our results follow from a general approach on non-metric Euler equations on Lie groups, a Banach space approximation of the Frechet space $C^{\infty}(S^1)$, and a sharp spatial regularity result for the geodesic flow.


AIM To investigate factors affecting in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in 2 136 patients with AMI,whose baseline characteristics and therapeutic approaches during hospital stay were compared between the survivors(1 968) and the dead(168).To identify the significant factors predictive of in-hospital death,multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.RESULTS Compared with those of the survivors,the dead were substantially older [(71±10) vs(62±11) years,P0.01],had a higher prevalence of hypertensive disease,diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia(58.3% vs 43.2%,47.7% vs 21.1%,72.0% vs 58.8%,respectively,all P0.01),less related to cigarette smoking(45.2% vs 54.2%,P0.05),but had a higher Killip class of cardiac function on admission(2.0±1.1 vs 1.2±0.5,P0.01).Compared with those of the survivors,reperfusion therapy within the first 12 hours after symptom onset and the use of beta receptor blockers and nitrates were lower during hospitalization phase in the dead patients(10.1% vs 30.3%,47.0% vs 71.1%,95.2% vs 98.6%,respectively,all P0.01).The results of logistic regression demonstrated that age,diabetes mellitus,hypertensive disease,Killip classification of cardiac function,reperfusion therapy,and uses of beta receptor blockers and nitrates were significant factors affecting in-hospital death in patients with AMI.CONCLUSION Age,diabetes mellitus,hypertensive disease,Killip classification of cardiac function,reperfusion therapy and uses of beta receptor blockers and nitrates are the significant factors affecting in-hospital death in patients with AMI.


Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI),United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California. Chief Scientist: Jim Hein. CTD and High-Resolution Seismic and Sampling and Seabeam data (3dot5khz, 12khz, airgun, bathymetry, dredge, pistoncore, boxcore, underwatertelevision, CTDmeter, multicore) of field activity KODOS_98-3 (O-1-98-WP) in Lomilik Guyot, Marshall Is., Federated States of Micronesia from 08/13/1998 to 08/28/1998, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/o/o198wp/html/o-1-98-wp.meta.html.


The milling-induced allotropic transformation in cobalt from the stable hcp phase into the fcc phase has been studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Uniaxial compression of nano-sized spheres composed of the hcp Co phase is simulated as the elementary process of milling. The c axis is tilted from the compression direction at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° to investigate the orientation dependency. The Honeycutt–Andersen index analysis and powder X-ray diffraction pattern calculation by the Debye formula show that the transformation into the fcc phase occurs when the tilt angle is 0–60°. The basal slip is essential for the transformation when the tilt angle is 60°, while the c axis compression-induced transformation mode is observed for the 0° tilt angle, which involves lattice contraction along the c axis and lattice dilation in the basal plane. Both modes are observed for the 30° tilt angle. Analysis of the pressure induced during compression reveals that the pressure necessary to initiate the latter transformation mode is too high to attain during conventional ball milling. The basal slip mode is proposed as the probable transformation mode for the milling-induced allotropic transformation in Co.


Langenbruch and Zoback, Sci. Adv. 2017;3 : eaao2277 9 August 2017 Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). Response to Comment on "How will induced seismicity in Oklahoma respond to decreased saltwater injection rates?"


The comparative test of different cultivation techniques for Fudingdabaicha production was conducted to provide the technical reference for tea production in Zunyi.The results show that the optimum cultivation technique includes transplanting tea seedlings in autumn and winter,double row hedge planting pattern,mainly applying organic manure with some N,P,K and trace elements,planting green manure between tea rows,comprehensively controlling diseases and pests by using physical and biological technique,rationally utilizing roller,steam and microwave deenzyming machines in tea initial processing.


The authors analyze a cochlear model data representation for use in classifying acoustic transient signals. Comparisons of the cochlear model, short time Fourier transform, and wavelet transform from a filter bank perspective are made. The cochleagram and the spectrogram are used to classify a set of bowhead whales and ice sounds from the Arctic.<<ETX>>


In view of the problem that the drilling depth is measured by manually counting drill pipes in the process of underground drilling construction in coal mine, combined with the multi-channel sensor parameters loaded on the parameter monitoring device of mining tunnel drilling rig, a new drilling depth measurement method is proposed. This method mainly relies on multiple pressure sensors assembled on the drilling rig to reflect different drilling rig operation states, and the drilling depth is obtained by increasing or decreasing the displacement parameters of the power head. It is suitable for tunnel drilling rig equipped with drilling rig parameter monitoring device. It not only saves hardware cost, but also adds a monitoring function of the device. At the same time, it provides a new technical path for accurate and reliable drilling depth measurement.


Objective: To determine the usefulness of color Doppler for evaluating tamoxifen-induced fatty liver after operation for breast cancer.Methods: In 217 patients with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen after the operation,color Doppler and laboratory examination were performed.Results: Fatty liver was discovered in 136 patients(66%) after tamoxifen treatment.Conclusion: Tamoxifen treatment may cause fatty liver,and color Doppler can provide valuable information in early diagnose and treatment.


The objective of the present study was to compare nutritional status and anemia in children who have been part of the Oportunidades program in Mexico and consumed a fortified porridge (N=87) with similar children who have not been included in the program (N=89). The study was carried out in infants (35 ± 13 mo) and both groups were from the same rural communities in the state of Guanajuato. Weight and height were measured in all subjects, and a fasting blood sample was taken for the determination of hemoglobin. The results are shown in the table.


In this paper, the Century model was used to predict the changing trend of soil organic carbon in Chinese mollisols under different fertilizations. The results showed that Century model was available in this study. According to the prediction, during 2011 and 2110, the average annual changes of SOC content would be -2.24, 0.06 and -0.09‰ under non-fertilization, nitrogern + recycled mamure, and nitrogern + phosphorus + recycled mamure treatments, respectively. The decreasing trend of the SOC could be controlled when chemical fertilizers + manure were used. Moreover, the SOC could be maintained under wheat-corn-soybeans rotation, with a balance level of around 34.g.kg.


ABSTRACT

This script is a description of the creation of a description of the painting,
entitled "Social Interaction in the Creation of Public Works Painting". Departing from
the creator of the daily interaction with the surrounding community, where the
association is the creator of mutual aid activities. The creators feel that people need
each other in life. Associated with it, to represent the diversity of human identity, the
creator of batik cloth as a medium of collage, as it also in the line of batik are the
meek that inspired the creation of the creator. The objectives and benefits to remind
people that life is interdependent, in order to show that the batik cloth representing a
person's identity, and in order to bring more information about the creators of social
life in this world.
Through the aesthetic language with various symbols, the creator of
combining ideas, ideas, and the preparation of elements to be realized work of art
with collage techniques. Format as well as painting the human form as the expansion
of the medium on human collage. In the process of work using a method that is a long
phase of exploration on a variety of human interaction, improvisation stage by
conducting experiments on the material used, and the stage of forming is a process of
realization of a work of art.
At the end of fifteen realization associated with the work of the appointed title
of "Social Interaction in the Creation of Public Works Painting" among others, must
Can, Stairs of Life, indiscriminately, Wall Unity, Harmony Chain, Pain and Painful,
Keeping Green, Shaping the Mountain, Life in Land, disharmony, Penetrating,
Followers, Living Together, Toward the Top, as well as dancing and the achievement
of this work is expected to be useful for the audience and give awareness about
human relationships that need each other.
Key word : Interaction of social, Community, Batik, Painting


THE RAPIDRISE ofJapan's economic assistance policy in the 1980s is one of the most striking and surprising developments inJapanese foreign policy. Although Official Development Assistance (ODA) entered the Japanese diplomatic world in the 1950s and 1960s it was relatively ignored as a component of overall foreign policy. Indeed, aid was viewed as an obscure component ofJapan's foreign economic policy, limited to the Asian region. The few studies ofJapan's early aid policy simply ignored or denied its importance to Japan's overall national objectives and diplomacy.2 Japanese economic aid could not be ignored in the 1980s for within the previous decade Japan had become the second largest aid-giving nation, second only to the United States, and enters the 1990s in the number one position. Japan distributed $5.6 billion in aid in 1986, $7.4 billion in 1987, $9.1 billion in 1988, and allocated $10.95 billion for 1989. Aid budgets have increased despite the implementation of austerity policies of the government since the turn of the decade. Tokyo's share of the total ODA flows from Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members reached 18.1 percent in 1987 andJapan is now the leading provider of aid to twenty-five nations in the developing world.3 By pledging a total of $65 billion for debt relief between 1986 and 1989 it has also taken a lead in the search for a solution to the vexing debt crisis that afflicts not only the third world but also the developed economies.


The singular perturbation approach is applied to the longitudinal motion of airplanes, whose linearlized model has well known two-time scale structure in the presence of a slow (phugoid) mode and a fast (short-period) mode. Such a linearlized model is transformed into the singularly perturbed form via scaling of the state. First the flight control systems are separately designed for each mode via state feedback. Then the slow and fast designs are composed, and are applied to the full model. The composite flight control systems are shown to guarantee the damping ratio and the characteristic frequency specified by JIS W 0402.


Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome – severe specific complication of monochorionic pregancy, which occurs in 10—15% monochorionic twins. The object of this paper is describing current treatment modalities of twin-totwin transfusion syndrome. Perinatal loss in case of conservative approach in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome is more than 95%. Fetoscopic laser coagulation, amnioreduction, selective fetocide and preganancy termination are the current atreatment modalities of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. Fetoscopic laser coagulation is considered the most effective approach with highest rates of livebirth and the lowest maternal risks. In I stage twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome transabdominal amnioreductions can be effective, leading to resolving the disease. Intrauterine fetal surgery is the treatment of choice, preventing future morbidity in childhood and adolescence.


Background: Equisetum ramosissimum is a pteridophyte plant used in Moroccan traditional medicine for its diuretic and antidiabetic properties. The species is known to reduce blood cholesterol level and given in cases of gonorrhea.

Objective: The present work aimed to explore the potential use of the crude butanolic (BuOH) and methanolic (MeOH) extracts of E. ramosissimum in the management of pain, inflammation and oxidative stress and their chemical characterization.

Method: The phytochemical investigation on E. ramosissimum was initially done by colorimetric methods followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-MS). Antioxidant activity evaluated using radical scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assays. Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic-acid in mice and hot-plate-test in rat models. Rate-paw-edema and ear-edema was used as anti-inflammatory models.

Results: The chemical quantification revealed appreciable levels of phenolic compounds. The results of HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS highlighted the presence of Kaempferol3-O-sophoroside7-O-glucoside, Kaempferol3,7-O-diglucoside, Vanillin, Ferulic acid and Tannic acid. The maximum IC50 was obtained for BE by DPPH test (0.064±0.0004mg/mL). BE exhibited an interesting antinociceptive effect; inhibition of writhes: 3.83±0.48 at 600mg/kg, increased the latency period on the hot-plate-test 14.98S±0.57S at 400mg/kg after 120min. Furthermore, the results report a significant inhibition of rate-paw-edema and ear-edema, for both extracts at dose 400mg/kg.

Conclusion: E. ramosissimum BE and ME contain an important amount of flavonoids especially derivatives of Kaempferol, which can explain the interesting effectiveness properties. Possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries are suggested.


Preterite/imperfect usage has the reputation of being one of the hardest grammatical features of Spanish to learn. While this is partly due to the fact that English does not indicate aspectual differences in the same way Spanish does, some of the blame lies with misleading textbook explanations which often are only half-truths, at best. A discussion of problematic P /I textbook explanations shows why the presentation of a more reliable, simpler set of principles serve as a preferable alternative to the problematic rules of thumb.


The capabilities and limitations of approximate methods for molecular orbital (MO) ~alculations are discussed. In particular, the apparent ability of approximate methods to obtain agreement with experimental absorption spectra is critically examined both from the point of view of theoretical considerations and comparison of eigenvectors obtained by different investigators on the same complexes. Applications of an approximate MO method to the interpretation of photoelectron spectra and carbonyl force constants are illustrated. These latter calculations suggest that changes in both the sigma and pi antibonding orbitals of the carbonyls are necessary for interpreting the trends in force constants. While the first attempt to apply molecular orbital theory to transition metal complexes was reported by Wolfsberg and Helmholz 1 in 1952, intensive study of the method did not occur until the 1960s. The eight year delay is quite understandable when one recalls that it was in this period that 'crystal field theory' and its modification 'Iigand field theory' were at the peak of their popularity. The initial success of the latter theories in the interpretation of the weak absorption baJ?.ds in the visible and ultra-violet regions resulted in a flurry of activity by both the theorists and the experimentalists. The pioneering work of Orgel, McClure, Jergensen, Liehr, Tanabe, Sugano and >Ballhausen comes quickly to mind2• While their sturlies gave the basic understanding of such spectra, at the same time they showed the fundamental limitations of the models. The reduction of the electron repulsion integrals (F 2 and F 4 in Slater-Cortdon notation, or Band C in Racah's terminology) from free ion to complex not only led_to a thorough study ofwhat Jergensenb termed the 'nephelauxetic effect', but it also required that these quantities be treated as variables to be estimated with the cubic field parameter, L1 or lODq, and the spin-orbit coupling term, T. In order to treat systems whose symmetry was lower than cubic, additional parameters, Ds and Dt, badtobe included. This proliferation of variables made band assignment less unambiguous. Another shortcoming of the model was its inability to treat the intense charge transfer bands which have their origins in electronic transitions either from the ligands to the metal or vice versa. Thus, while Iigand field theory was and is an excellent starting point for many considerations involving absorption spectra and is still used, its utility is more restricted. An alternative approach was sought within the framework of molecular orbital theory.


Today's companies need to change the way they produce and consume goods to meet sustainability requirements. These companies are striving to increase production efficiency, while reducing the use of raw materials, reducing costs and reducing their impact on the environment. Intelligent decision support systems are an inseparable element supporting such action. The presented work the use the data mining method (random forests) to identify the parameters affecting the condition of the cutting blade is presented. The developed model was evaluated using indicators to assess the quality of classifications. The obtained results confirm the high quality of the predictive model. The proposed model can be used to support the decision-making process in determining the life of a cutting tool. This will reduce the consumption of raw materials and production waste, and thus reduce the company's environmental impact, which is consistent with the assumptions of sustainable production.


Smart homes have been recently important sources for providing Activity of Daily Living (ADL) data about their residents. ADL data can be a great asset while analyzing residents' behavior to provide residents with better and optimized services. A popular example is to analyze residents' behavior to predict their future activities and optimize smart homes performance accordingly. This paper proposes a forecasting framework that utilizes ADL data to predict residents' next activities in a smart home environment. Forecasting is performed via the conjunction of embedding algorithm to encode the data and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) deep neural networks to process the data. The proposed framework is evaluated over five real ADL datasets where the experiments show the outperformance of the proposed framework with accuracy scores ranging from 98.7% to 93.8%.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the replacement of whole goat milk for cattle cheese whey in the artificial nursing of alpine kids. The animals were distributed in a complete randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement made up with four levels of goat milk replacing for cheese whey (0, 15, 30 and 45%) and two sexes (three males and four females per treatment). The inclusion of cheese whey in the diet did not affect the growth of the kids from 7 to 42 days of age. Kids fed whole goat milk showed higher final weights, around 13.0 kg. They intaked 70.0 L/animal of whole goat milk, 172.0 g DM/animal/day of concentrate and they had an average gain of 137.5 g/day. For the kids fed with 15, 30, 45% cheese whey diet, the final weights were 11.1; 9.88 and 10.27 kg; the whole goat milk consumption was 59.5, 49.0 and 38.4 L/animal, the concentrate consumption was 148.0; 117.0 and 135 g DM/animal/day with gains of 122.2; 99.5 and 100.8 g/day, respectively. Food conversion did not differ among diets. The sex effect was evident from the age of 21 days but there was not a treatment × sex interaction. At the end of the work, at 70 days of age, the weight of the males (12.4 kg) was higher than the female weights (10.6 kg). The highest average yield (168.15%) was obtained when the kids received maximum level of whey. Nursing kids with up to 45% of cattle cheese whey is technically viable and increases economic return. However, using whole milk goat for nursing kids in milk cattle is economically unviable.


DOI: 10.17014/ijog.7.2.179-200 The purpose of the study of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) application in an active volcanic crater is to detect the influence of gas emission and local atmospheric change into the accuracy of measurement.The measurement was conducted at Papandayan Volcano crater, along with the local temperature, humidity, and air pressure (thp). The measured target located near a gas emission hole gives a significant fluctuative range due to possible false return by gas particles. The refraction index was calculated using thp data. Two correction models were applied: velocity-geometry and atmospheric delay correction. The atmospheric delay correction gives a more reliable result, however their refraction index calculation does not accomodate specific volcanic gas yet. An intensity map obtained from TLS can also be used for rock segmentation. An experiment from some types of volcanic rocks shows that the intensity value is influenced by a weathering degree of rock outcrops. Rock segmentation using TLS intensity data for fresh outcrops is relatively easier, while for weathered rocks it still needs a field check for validation. The temperature of volcanic rocks also contributes to the intensity value. It is found that the intensity increases along with the temperature of rock.


An eight-parameter bond-bending force model (BBFM), recently developed by us for zinc-blende (ZB) structure, has been used to study the lattice dynamics of other compounds of the II–VI and III–V groups. The model parameters were calculated using six critical point phonon frequencies, two elastic constants, and the lattice equilibrium condition. Phonon dispersion curves, phonon density of states, and Debye-characteristic temperatures have been calculated. The comparison of theoretical and the available experimental results reveals a fairly good agreement. The merits and demerits of the present model have been discussed in full.


Based on phase–amplitude perturbation method, an innovative uplink multiple-input multiple-output spatial division multiple access (MIMO-SDMA) optimisation technique of smart antennas is proposed, where the deduced radiation pattern formulas available for searching optimal solutions are used to search the optimal weighting vector of the array factor of a smart antenna. The design for an optimal radiation pattern of an adaptive antenna can not only adjustably suppress interferers by placing nulls at the directions of the interfering sources but also provide a maximum main lobe in the direction of the desired signal at the same time, that is to maximise the signal to interference ratio. A new convergent method referred as the two-way convergent method for memetic algorithms is proposed to achieve this goal. A smart antenna is composed by several adaptive antennas. The smart antenna is implemented via using the adaptive beamforming technique. The characteristic is that the optimal radiation pattern design of smart antennas is studied by using phase–amplitude perturbation method to achieve MIMO-SDMA optimisation.


During sulfur (S) deprivation, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mediates a suite of specific responses to efficiently acquire S from various sources and remodel primary metabolism. Although the truncated hemoglobin 1 (THB1)-dependent regulation of a subset of S limitation-responsive genes has been elucidated, the mechanism through which THB1 transcription is triggered in S-deprived cells is not known. Here, we show that signaling proteins and regulators associated with S deprivation specific responses did not control THB1 expression. Following S depletion, rapid increase in nitrite concentrations is essential for THB1 upregulation. These changes are consistent with NO accumulation. Increased nitrite, NO and THB1 mRNA levels were not observed in mutant cells without diaphorase-NR activity. Our findings suggest that nitrate reductase nitric oxide-forming nitrite reductase system plays a positive role in THB1 transcription via generation of NO from nitrite in S-starved cells. NR-dependent NO production may be regarded as an early trigger, which contributes to Chlamydomonas adaptability to nutrient stresses.


A standard measurement uncertainty methodology has been adopted by the SAE," 2 ' 3 , ASME, 4 ' 5 ' 6 and AIAA 7 ' 5 ' 9 . The same standard has been recognized and adopted by ISA'°", ISO 12 , USAF' 3 and JANNAF' 4 . This is remarkable after decades of striving to reach agreement. The objective of this paper is to document some of the history, statistical evaluation and significant contributions that led to this national and international consensus. The statistical Month Carlo simulations that led to selecting this methodology will he descrihed. It is hoped that the novice measurement uncertainty analyst will gain some understanding of the reasoning that supports the standard. Standard Methodology The ICRPG Handbook was presented at the 1969 SAE-ASME-AIAA Propulsion Conference 8 and received widespread acceptance. The propulsion community successfully applied the rocket methodology to gas turbines which inspired a contract from the USAF Applied Propulsion Laboratory to produce a similar handbook forjet engines. This document' 3 was given worldwide distribution by the USAF after introduction at the 1972 SAE-AIAA-ASME Propulsion Conference 9 . It was widely used within the aerospace industry. 21 ' 2~~ ' 43 In 1980 the Instrument Society of America reprinted it as an ISA Handbook 10 . However, the fifth problem, the dispute over how to combine random and systematic errors to obtain an uncertainty continued to 6 ge through the seventies and even the authors were pessimistic about the prospects of settling the issue. The "great compromise" provided the solution. It is not the purpose of the paper to detail the methodology as that is available in the above references, particularly" 45 " 2 . However, a brief summary may he helpful and is provided in Appendix A.


AbstractThe increasing use of industrial techniques in Soviet farming has given rise to new forms of agricultural organization such as agrarian-industrial complexes, which combine farming and some industrial processing of farm products. An attempt is made to fit these new rural production complexes into the conceptual framework of energy-and-production cycles proposed by N. N. Kolosovskiy (see Journal of Regional Science, 3 [1961]). Six types of agrarian-industrial associations or complexes are distinguished, and their relationship to the industrial-agrarian cycle and to the regional production complex is analyzed.


Bismuth-based oxyhalides with layered Sillén(−Aurivillius) structures have attracted significant attention as photocatalysts. Recent studies have unveiled a part of the structure-property relationship of this material; however, it has not been...


Space is an interesting and challenging cognitive and interpretative category in organizational sciences and theory of innovation. But, it is a subject that is difficult to capture through its omnipresent existence. This paper is dedicated to an attempt to outline a map (model) of spaces in the context of organizations and spatial determinants of innovation. The described research is based on theoretical and empirical studies. The result is the determination of four dimensions of space (inner, global, virtual and contextual), as well as an attempt to relate these spaces to innovation processes.


In the present paper, weinvestigate some properties of the distributions
 involved in the definition of a CR-statistical submanifold. The
 characterization of a CR-product in holomorphic statistical manifolds is
 given. By using an optimization technique, we establish a relationship
 between the Ricci curvature and the squared norm of the mean curvature of
 any submanifold in the same ambient space. The equality case is also
 discussed here. This paper finishes with some related examples.


INTRODUCTION: The creatine kinase (CK) system is central to mammalian energy production and reversibly converts adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine (Cr). It serves as an energy reserve and transport mechanism ensuring that there is an abundant and immediate ATP supply for contractile work (1). Magnetization transfer P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the only non-invasive tool to study CK flux in the heart (2). The role of CK system in diabetic heart has been investigated in small number of studies using isolated perfused heart preparation and has led to contradictory results (3, 4). This may be because of the impaired metabolic stability of ex vivo diabetic heart, reduced oxygen carrying capacity of buffer, substrate composition in the buffer, and reduced levels of workload achieved in perfused heart. In this work we demonstrate for the first time in vivo CK flux measurement at 4.7T in closed chest rat hearts. We also investigated the role of energy metabolism in diabetic heart and its relationship with cardiac work. METHODS: Sprague Dawley (SD) (n = 6), and Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats (lean = 6 and obese = 3), as a model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, were used in this study. The rats were anesthezised with 1.5% isoflurane and placed prone on 2 cm diameter P surface coil and the body temperature was maintained via warm water bag under the animal stomach. The CK flux was measured using P saturation transfer technique at rest and at high cardiac work (stress) during 20 μg/Kg/min dobutamine infusion via tail vein catheter.


Little is known about how low-N, mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw and high-N, postharvest volunteer wheat growth from the previous year influence N fertilizer requirements for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). This 2-yr field study examined how wheat straw (3.36 and 6.72 Mg ha -1 ; 3.5 g N kg -1 in 2000 and 8.0 g N kg -1 in 2001), preflowering wheat residues (2.1 to 4.2 Mg ha -1 ; 29.1 to 44.7 g N kg -1 ), and urea (0 to 225 kg N ha -1 ), fall-applied and incorporated, affected sugarbeet growth. The previous crop was wheat, and wheat straw was removed from the experimental sites subsequent to the grain harvest. Sugar yields were decreased 10% by application of 3.36 Mg ha -1 straw and 25% by 6.72 Mg ha -1 straw in 2000. The corresponding 2001 sugar decreases were 13 and 19%, respectively. Application of 45 kg ha -1 urea N largely overcame the detrimental effect from 3.36 Mg ha -1 straw but only partially overcame the detrimental effect from 6.72 Mg ha -1 straw in both experiments. Plant N, petiole NO 3 -N, and soil inorganic N (NH 4 -N + NO 3 -N) data all indicated that incorporation of low-N mature wheat straw decreased availability of soil N, probably due to net N immobilization associated with straw decomposition. In contrast to mature wheat straw, application and incorporation of high-N, preflowering wheat residues increased recoverable sugar yields in both years. Removal of straw after a wheat crop reduces the N fertilizer requirement for a subsequent sugarbeet crop.


Synchronous generators protection and its controls are crucial for the reliability and stability of power systems. Their operation is interrelated, which means that they must be coordinated. In other words, their settings must be configured to be matching to avoid failure. With the objective of contributing to a straightforward analysis of the coordination between the ANSI 40 protection and the underexcitation limiter, this work presents the G-B plane as an alternative to the R-X plane This is a different way of dealing with the issue in question, since in the literature this analysis is usually made in the impedance (R-X) and the power (P-Q) planes. Noteworthy, the use of the P-Q plane is not accurate enough.. The generation system studied has its protection functions and controls modelled in a real-time digital simulator, with emphasis in the ANSI 40 protection and the underexcitation control. A physical relay takes part in the hardware-in-the-loop tests performed. The oscillography of the related machine control variables are graphically presented and discussed for each case analyzed. Bearing in mind this study and some complimentary literature, future research should focus on the enhancement of the above mentioned coordination.


Cancer is one of the hardly curable diseases from which a large number of people suffer. In addition to having physical painful effects on patients, this disease has a lot of psychological and social effects on patients.  One of the social consequences of this diseases is social isolation. The Hope Therapy intervention is one of the interventions affecting patients' psychological and social aspects. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Hope Therapy on social isolation of patients suffering from cancer. The present study was conducted via the clinical trial method and using the experimental pretest-posttest design. Research instruments were the Social Isolation Scale  with 38 items and the Social Isolation Scale with five items. Their validity was confirmed via formal and content validity techniques, and their reliability was confirmed via Cronbach's alpha. The study was conducted by random selection of 49 female patients suffering from cancer selected from charity centers of Behnam Daheshpour and Mahyar (in two 28-participant experimental and 21-participant control groups). The experimental group received 8-session Hope Therapy intervention with the Growth and Development Social Work Model consisting of three components of Goal, Will and Progress. The results of the present study were analyzed via the independent t-test and paired t-test. The results of the study indicated that the Hope Therapy intervention can be effective on the subjective aspect in Hawthorne' scale and the objective aspect of social isolation (in the scale of Kalantari. In addition, this intervention results in reducing social isolation in the experimental groups. However, the intervention has no significant effect of other subscales. The Hope Therapy intervention and teamwork have been effective on reducing social isolation of patients suffering from cancer. Since cancer affects humans' physical, mental, and social dimensions, therapeutic interventions on patients should consider social aspects as well.


A fluid chamber, e.g. an I.C. engine combustion chamber, has a port 1 therein and a poppet valve 2 provided with a valve stem 2a and a valve head 2b is slidable into or out of a port-closing position to prevent or allow the flow of fluid under pressure. The valve 2 is positioned completely outside the fluid chamber and has a valve spring 14 exerting a valve closing force axially relative to the valve stem 2a in a direction towards the valve head 2b. The valve guide 5 is removable from its seating in the cylinder walls 6. The valve chamber 3 may be associated with a plurality of valves.


The Raman spectra of neat propionaldehyde [CH3CH2CHO or propanal (Pr)] and its binary mixtures with hydrogen-donor solvents, water (W) and methanol (M), [CH3CH2CHO + H2O] and CH3CH2CHO + CH3OH] with different mole fractions of the reference system, Pr varying from 0.1 to 0.9 at a regular interval of 0.1, were recorded in the ν(CO) stretching region, 1600–1800 cm−1. The isotropic parts of the Raman spectra were analyzed for both the cases. The wavenumber positions and line widths of the component bands were determined by a rigorous line-shape analysis, and the peaks corresponding to self-associated and hydrogen-bonded species were identified. Raman peak at ∼1721 cm−1 in neat Pr, which has been attributed to the self-associated species, downshifts slightly (∼1 cm−1) in going from mole fraction 0.9 to 0.6 in (Pr + W) binary mixture, but on further dilution it shows a sudden downshift of ∼7 cm−1. This has been attributed to the low solubility of Pr in W (∼30%), which does not permit a hydrogen-bonded network to form at higher concentrations of Pr. A significant decrease in the intensity of this peak in the Raman spectra of Pr in a nonpolar solvent, n-heptane, at high dilution (C = 0.05) further confirms that this peak corresponds to the self-associated species. In case of the (Pr + M) binary mixture, however, the spectral changes with concentration show a rather regular trend and no special features were observed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Besides the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837, Heteropoda Latreille, 1804 is the most diverse genus in the spider family Sparassidae. Currently, a total of 217 Heteropoda species is known, among them 16 species from China (Platnick 2013). The species Heteropoda schwalbachorum Jager, 2008 was first described by only one male specimen from Mt. Bawangling (Hainan Province, China) (Jager 2008). For the present study, the authors examined Heteropoda specimens recently collected from Hainan Province and found that 18 males and 15 females belong to this species by comparison with the type specimen. Moreover, one couple was collected in copula (Mt. Jianfengling, 18 April 2013). According to these new records, the species appears to be very common on Hainan Island. In the present paper, the female of H. schwalbachorum is described for the first time.


The invention Chapter span bridge installation method and relates to a rotation device that is applied thereto, the method 1 to construct presented across a road facing the first and second angle of intersection at a predetermined position of the outer sides; 2 steps for installing the first and the rotating device and a plurality of fixed ports bearing the coping top of the second pier; 3, but each step of installing the first and second upper structure constructed on top of the turning device as a bridge box and a top plate, wherein the first and second installation superstructure parallel to the road; 4 steps of a straight line to be aligned by rotating watch face each other by the first and second rotating shaft superstructure device; The aligned first and second hayeoseo connecting the both ends of the upper structure of 5 to complete the bridge to the first and second upper structure crossing the road; comprises a. According to the above configuration or Norfolk crossing the wide road, but the road will be able to install the bridge in difficult terrain conditions, ensuring not to build piers on the road central workspace. Bridges, tops, spinning, bearing sand


INTRODUCTION
Lymph node counts have become a surrogate measure for the extent and quality of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) at radical cystectomy, but little consideration has been given to the methodology of lymph node processing. We report results from a prospective series comparing a conventional protocol for processing PLND specimens to a fat-emulsifying protocol. We hypothesized that the rate of node positivity would increase with the fat-emulsifying protocol.

METHODS
Patients undergoing radical cystectomy for cTis-T4aN0-1M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were eligible for this trial. Palpable lymph nodes were isolated from the PLND specimens in the conventional protocol. The remaining tissue was then processed with fat-emulsifying solution to identify further nodes visually. Nodal counts were compared between techniques.

RESULTS
The median number of nodes counted in the PLND specimens of 26 patients was 24.5 (range: 20-40) with conventional processing and 37 (range: 24-52) with the fat-emulsifying solution (p < 0.001). Three patients had lymph node positive disease detected by conventional means, and a single patient was found to have a single positive node by the fat-emulsifying solution alone. The study was closed early after conducting a futility analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
A fat-emulsifying protocol identified more lymph nodes than a conventional protocol and may be an appropriate method to standardize lymph node processing following PLND. However, we were unable to show that such a standardized approach significantly increased the rate of node positivity in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.


Abstract : Emerging high-bandwidth networking applications and an increasing number of users on the Internet are strong indicators that our next generation of networks much employ very-high- speed "bitways". Fortunately, lightwave networks employing wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) do provide the necessary high-speed backbone where the huge fiber bandwidth is carved up into a number of nonoverlapping wavelength channels, each of which can be operated at electronic speed, e.g., a few Ghps, and which, as a result, can be accessed directly by end-users. WDM optical networks are now becoming commercial. At Davis, we have been researching architectures for WDM optical networks. Specifically, we have found that multicasting, which is an emerging important networking application, can be naturally accommodated by the broadcast- and-select variety of local lightwave networks. Our research supported by this agreement has produced many new and important results in multicasting, as summarized below. Unfortunately, our investigation on anti-sniffing security measures in local lightwave networks was not as successful.


Based on the action-research theory,this paper studies the currilar knowledge analysis,case designing,student participation,teaching interaction,and effect evaluation.An experiment is carried out with Likert instrument and variables of cognition,examination of knowledge points,class enthusiasm.Statistics shows that the student-participated teaching mode is significant in the performance of students and their learning of knowledge.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is sometimes referred to as Type 3 diabetes. While it is very likely that insulin dysregulation and resistance participate in the etiology of AD pathologies, little is known about the possible correlation between diabetes and the progression of cognitive decline in AD patients. Previous studies have shown an increased risk of developing AD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The specific aim of our study was to determine whether differences exist in cognitive decline experienced by AD subjects with and without T2DM co‐morbidity.


Abstract Up to now, the research on ḥijāb and jilbab is still a debatable and relevant topic for further discussion. One of the figures who took part in the ḥijāb and jilbab problem is Asma Barlas. He criticized the understanding of Muslims, especially the interpretation product of conservatives scholars, who reduced the meaning of the ḥijāb to the obligation to wear a ḥijāb. According to her, the obligation to wear the ḥijāb by wearing the jilbab is still influenced by the patriarchal and misogynistic mindset of the jāhiliyyah community. This article aims to explain the construction of Asma Barlas' thought, especially in the issue of ḥijāb and jilbab. Then, this article will also try to place the thoughts of Asma Barlas in the Typology of Contemporary Interpretation of Thought initiated by Sahiron Syamsuddin. The categorization of contemporary commentary thought initiated by Sahiron Syamsuddin makes it easier for later researchers to identify the basic construction of an interpreter thoughts of the Qur'an.


This is a case report of a 76-year-old women with hematometra due to cervical cancer followed by DIC. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of such case.


One of the earliest and most important challenges for language learners is to find out what role arguments play in their language, i.e. how does their language express 'who is doing what to whom?'. e key problem is how thematic roles (agents, patients, themes etc.) are linked to syntactic elements (noun phrases) and morphological markers (case and agreement markers). While there is disagreement as to the actual point in time when these linking paerns become established and when children have acquired the corresponding syntactic abstractions (Gertner et al. 2006, Dimar et al. 2008), there is a general consensus that these are all relatively early achievements, at least in languages like English and German. ese findings are surprising given the fact that the expression of arguments is an exceedingly complex phenomenon: there are oen intricate role constellations in experiencer verbs (cf. e.g. I am afraid of this vs. I fear this), and there is substantial cross-linguistic diversity: unlike English and German, some languages mark an agent like I in I worked systematically differently from the agent in I wrote a paper and again differently from the agent in I saw the paper. In this paper we focus in particular on the challenge from cross-linguistic diversity. e acquisition of argument linking paerns is traditionally accounted for in either of two types of theories, nativist theories that assume innate linking rules and usage-based theories that rely on general cognitive ablities such as paern matching, imitation and generalization. ese theories make different predictions on how cross-linguistic diversity plays out in acquisition.


Government policies limiting personal contact for the sake of controlling the Covid-19 infection have led to reduced accessibility of face-to-face teaching and learning. This condition indicates a disturbance in the learning process. This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and behavior of lecturers in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic based on the Unified Theory of Assess The Faculty Of Acceptance And Use Of Technology (UTAUT). This research is a descriptive correlational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach involving 53 lecturers from Aceh and Medan private universities. UTAUT questionnaire used in data collection. Results showed that there is a relationship between performance expectancy and social influences with lecturers perceptions of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic with each p-value (0.002 and 0.005), there is a relationship between facility condition and behavioral intention with lecturers behavior in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic with p-value (0.015 and 0.000). However, there is not relationship between effort expectancy and lecturers perceptions of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic (p-value 0.179). Lecturers can carry out online learning optimally if it is supported by perceptions and adequate facilities for online learning to take place according to competency achievements. Researchers suggest to higher education leaders to provide adequate digital facilities and development of lecturer resources according to the digital era 4.0 and online learning system training.


Objective: This study aims to study the cognitive profile, in particular, executive function, and structural changes of the brain in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with regards to the degree of hypoxia and the characteristics of hypoxia in middle-aged and older adults. Method: Newly diagnosed moderate or severe OSA patients from King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand were recruited. Respiratory parameters from the polysomnography, neuropsychological test results, and MRI brain of each participant were obtained. Results: Seventeen OSA patients were included in the study, 8 (47%) men and 9 (53%) women. The median age was 57 years and the median AHI was 60.6. There was no correlation between cognitive test scores in any domain with parameters of hypoxia. There was no correlation between cortical thickness with parameters of hypoxia. Participants were then classified as having either severe or mild hypoxia based on parameters of hypoxia. Cortical thickness analysis comparing between the severe and mild group of each hypoxic feature revealed two clusters of cortical thinning at the right inferior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal gyrus in the severe desaturation group and a cluster of cortical thinning at the superior parietal gyrus in the high oxygen desaturation index group. There was no difference in cognitive function or white matter integrity between groups. Conclusion: A higher degree of hypoxia in OSA is associated with an early change of gray matter in the frontal and parietal regions.


Indoor air pollution is a common concern that has been causing discomfort and respiratory-related illnesses. While air filtering devices effectively solve the problem, these have high maintenance and energy consumption. As an alternative, people resort to house plants as air filters. However, it is a misconception that plants can effectively filter air pollutants in small rooms. Understanding the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Clean Air Study, this paper proposed a sustainable system capable of filtering indoor air pollutants, specifically Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ammonia (NH3), and Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM 2.5). Furthermore, there is a sensing unit that aids in the automated watering of the plants. The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in efficient data processing, specifically using ThingSpeak analytics to provide real-time monitoring of the air and soil moisture levels. Considering the multiple tracking of sensing units, the implementation of the Kalman filter algorithm enables the transmission of stable data for the analysis on ThingSpeak. The design also includes comfort assessment by visualizing an Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Index on how the body perceives temperature, humidity, and indoor air pollutants. Then by performing a T-test with a probability value of 5%, the ratio of difference (t-value) between setups is determined. Comparing the design to common house plants showed a significant difference, except temperature, with all t-values greater than the critical value 1.86. In contrast, results showed the effectivity of the proposed device by having no significant difference from a commercial air filter.


The design of a hexadecagon circular patch (HDCP) antenna for dual-band operation is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna operates at two resonating frequencies 13.67 GHz, 15.28 GHz with return loss of −42.18 dB, −38.39 dB, and gain 8.01 dBi, 6.01 dBi, respectively. Impedance bandwidths of 854 MHz (13.179–14.033 GHz) and 1140 MHz (14.584–15.724 GHz) are observed for the dual bands, respectively. To produce circular polarization, the HDCP antenna is incorporated with ring and square slots on the radiating patch. The defected ground structure (DGS) is considered for enhancement of gain. Axial ratio of the proposed antenna is less than 3 dB, and VSWR ≤ 2 for dual bands. The measured and simulated (HFSS, CST) results of the HDCP antenna are in agreement. The HDCP antenna can work at Ku band for satellite communications.


Abstract We present the first measurements of the effect of nonequilibrium phonons on the tunnel current in a weakly coupled GaAs/AlAs superlattice. The phonon-induced current has a maximum at a bias voltage which varies linearly with phonon source temperature at both zero and applied magnetic fields ( B  = 6 T). We attribute these results to assisted tunnelling by stimulated phonon emission and show that this system can be used as a phonon spectrometer.


We prove that if every problem in ${NP}$ has $n^k$-size circuits for a fixed constant $k$, then for every ${NP}$-verifier and every yes-instance $x$ of length $n$ for that verifier, the verifier's ...


Grain-for-Green programme is an effective way of improving the ecological environment in hilly and gully area of Loess Plateau,especially in northern Shaanxi Province.However,to some extent,it may necessarily influence the food security of this area.Among them the most direct influence is to make the cultivated land area reduced and cause the grain gross production decrease.Taking Mizhi County in Yulin City as a case,the contrastive effects on grain production before and after de-farming are analyzed according to the model of minimum cultivated area per capita and the farm land pressure index.Using GM(1,1),the forecast of food supply and demand in 2010 was predicted based on the statistic data from 1995 to 2005.The results showed that the programme was not threatened this county's food security at present;however it indicated the pressure on cultivated land along with the improving of the food demand.The regulative approaches for the Grain-for-Green programme and food security in Mizhi County were presented.


Objective To investigate the daunorubicin-induced(DNR) cardiotoxicity in the treatment of pediatric acute leukemia.Methods We Collected 92 cases of pediatric acute leukemia that were treated with DNR,choosing the children with cardiotoxicity,dividing them into groups and analyzing according to clinical types and accumulated doses.Results Twelve of the 92 cases showed cardiotoxicity,in which chronic secondary cardiotoxicity were common.If the child was younger,the accumulated dose was larger,and the incidence of cardiotoxicity was higher.Conclusion For the children treated with DNR,accumulated doses should be reasonably controlled,and drug toxicity monitoring should be done regularly.Long-term follow-up is needed so that heart injury can be detected promptly.


Work of ТВ-system on a threshold of its sensitivity, connected with supervision of signals from objects on a background of handicapes and acceptance of corresponding decisions and ratings is considered. Handicapes are set statistically, and parameters of signals are unknown and are for the observer (ТВ-system) casual. In such conditions for the decision of a problem of detection measurement of parameters of objects the theory of statistical decisions including check of hypotheses and a rating of parameters is used.


On deformation condition for displacement zero in the width direction of upper and lower edges, a formulation of elastic stress was expressed for side plates in the case of the corrugated fiberboard box shape (CFBS) supported by upper and lower edges under compression loading as uniform displacement uyh. Then from this formulation, the stress behavior for side plates was discussed.Normal stresses σx and σy in width (L=300mm) and height (h=400mm) directions x and y for the plate are symmetric to center lines of the width and the height, and shear stress τxy is antisymmetric, Maximum σxmax of|σx|is at centers of side plates and maximum|σymin|of|σy|is about at corners. And maximum τxymax of |τxy|is at distance L/16 from corners in upper and lower edges. Ratios σxmax/|σymin|and τxymax/|σymin|are about 0.14 and 1.13.


lem of survival, indicating also some success in its handling of other problems tha t arise as obstacles in pursuit of the four basic goals. Comparison of the style of the system at different points in time can help explain its relative success or failure. My approach can also be used to explain the failure of the German resistance to Hitler. Briefly, the explanation should be sought in lack of resolution and of resources (including power), and insufficient commitment to the basic goal of efficiency, in turn due to excessive commitment to efficiency (in solving Germany's war problems) on the part of the regime which the resistance opposed. Midgley wrongly imputes to my article a description of the political style of Nazi Germany. I described only the Nazi regime's reaction to the plot of July 20, 1944. Both the resistance and the Nazis were parts of the same German national community which, although now divided into two political systems, has continued to function with varying success. To explain the functioning of such communities and political systems, systematic comparison is indispensable. And since even the selection of research problems (and most other scholarly work) is related to the scholar's values, any explicit statement of these values should be welcomed, the more so when the values can be systematically related to the method. HEBBBRT J. SPIEO


The absorption spectra of the title compound were measured in a variety of solvents. It was found that the peak position (λmax) of the first d-d absorption band is strikingly influenced by solvent molecules. The magnitude of this influence could be estimated by using the acceptor numbers of the solvents.


Abstract Group-based reasons are reasons to play one's part in some pattern of action that the members of some group could perform, because of the good features of the pattern. This paper discusses three broad conceptions of such reasons. According to the agency-first conception, there are no group-based reasons in cases where the relevant group is not or would not be itself an agent. According to the behaviour-first conception, what matters is that the other members of the group would play their parts in the relevant pattern, not whether they would have the cooperative intentional states constitutive of group agency in doing so. This paper argues against these conceptions and in favour of the powers-first conception, according to which what matters is that the members of the group have practically relevant powers.


The swimming and diving performance of hatchling, juvenile and adult marine iguanas, and the effects of these activities on blood lactate in juveniles were studied under field conditions at Academy Bay, on Isla Santa Cruz, in the Galapagos Islands. By appropriate selection of microclimate, all size classes of marine iguanas maintain body temperatures between 35 and 37 C during the hours of daylight. Despite strong sexual dimorphism no pronounced allometry in body proportions occurs during growth. Newly hatched young are effective swimmers but do not voluntarily enter the water. They feed on algae exposed in the intertidal. Juvenile animals confine their aquatic activity to shallow water and feed mostly in the intertidal zone. Adults also feed in the intertidal but do much of their feeding underwater in subtidal areas.


Introduction In 1978, Deng Xiaoping recognized that the only way for China to rebuild its economy, enhance its comprehensive national power and return to its former leadership position in the world was for China to engage in domestic economic reform and follow the strategy of "opening to the outside world." Deng argued that through the opening, China could gain access to international capital, management skills, technology and markets. Since then, China's engagement with the world economy has deepened, and today has reached a surprising level, given the size of the overall economy, and has proven to be a remarkably successful developmental strategy. But what role has the opening to the outside world played in China's economic rise? What are the forms through which China has engaged the world? How integrated is China in the global economy? How has the global economy affected China and how has China affected the world? Does this economic rise have strategic implications, beyond economic implications? And, what challenges are posed by China's economic rise to the US and Sino-US relations? There is no doubt that a massive export buildup, going out to buy firms overseas, the search for overseas capital, enhancing human capital through exchanges and technology transfer all go a long way to enhance Chinese state power. And it is likely that expanded economic growth can both finance the strengthening of the Chinese military and the need for it—as China becomes more dependent on exporting resources from abroad for its national rebirth. But as of yet, there is no systematic "grand strategy" guiding China's self-strengthening program, even if the strategy is proving to be somewhat successful (there are too many weaknesses or coordination within different sectors for there to be some secret plan driving this remarkable self-strengthening process.) Moreover, much of this external growth is targeted at increasing the standard of living of the new urban middle class that emerged during the Jiang Zemin era. This alliance between the Chinese Communist Party and the emergent middle and wealthy class, while not a theme of this paper, is a partial explanation for rapid economic growth that challenges China's global economic rise as being driven solely by great power ambitions. Alternatively, I believe that Keidel of the Carnegie Institute overstates the role that domestic investment has played in China's remarkable growth. As I will show, an enormous share of China's GDP is engaged in foreign trade. Nevertheless, regardless of the source of this growth, we can clearly see that China's role in the world economy has increased dramatically in the past 5-10 years, showing that we have moved a long way from the days when Gerry Segal could write a widely cited and debated article entitled, "Does China Matter?"


Context. Effective solution of a number of application problems related to transportation, as a rule, depends on the solution of two problems: the correct formation of the composition of the column of technique and the successful choice of the route of its movement. Each of the problems is optimization, the methods of solving which are currently being worked out. Theoretical studies of each of the individual problems and their practical applications indicate their interdependence, which has not yet been fully studied. Practical applications necessitate the development of a suitable scientific and methodological apparatus. Objective. The purpose of this work is development of a method for solving a complex optimization problem of forming a column of vehicles and choosing the route of its movement on a non-stationary road network. Method. The mathematical model of solving the optimization problem of complex formation of the composition of the column of machinery and the choice of its route of motion is proposed. A heterogeneous set was used to describe the array from which the vehicles were selected. A graph was used to describe the road network. As a criterion for the optimality of the complex problem is the minimization of time spent on moving. The peculiarity of the model is to take into account the possibility of dynamically changing the time weights of edges of the graph when implementing the movement of a column of machinery along the chosen route. Based on the use of this model, a method is proposed, which provides a comprehensive choice of the composition of the column of equipment and optimal routes of its movement on a non-stationary road network. Results. The article proposes an algorithm that provides the solution of the optimization problem of complex formation of the composition of machinery column and the choice of its route of motion in terms of time-fixed edges that describe the network of roads. The features of application of the proposed algorithm are given. Using the developed software, the choice of technique from an existing inhomogeneous array and the choice of a route on a graph with a non-stationary time weight of edges was investigated. The example shows the imperfection of decisions regarding the complex formation of the column composition and the choice of its optimal route of travel on a non-stationary network of roads obtained using classical methods. Conclusions. Not taking into account the impact of a possible change in traffic conditions, as evidenced by a change in the time weights of the edges of the graph describing the road network, on the composition of the column of machinery can lead to suboptimality of the obtained solutions using classical methods of forming the composition of the column and finding the shortest route in the graph. The method proposed in this study can be used to obtain the optimum composition of the column and the route, taking into account the change in road conditions during the movement of the column. The obtained results extend the possibilities of the theory of discrete optimization and the theory of graphs.


Flow interaction with particles is commonly encountered in the fields of medical care, industrial equipment, and nanomaterials. In theoretical research, the particles are usually treated as spherical shapes for convenience. However, in real-world engineering problems, the particles are often in irregular shapes. This makes the theory of particle characteristics cannot be well applied to engineering problems. In this study, the direct numerical simulation method was used to simulate the near-wall ellipsoid particle in a linear shear flow with ANSYS FLUENT. The flow around the ellipsoid particle near the wall was numerically calculated at different Reynolds numbers, with different incidence angles, and at different distances from the wall. Through the simulation, the drag/lift coefficients, the velocity fields, and the pressure distributions of the flow passing an ellipsoid particle were obtained and analyzed. It is found that the drag coefficient of an ellipsoid particle near the wall increases with the increasing Reynolds number and incidence angle, decreases with the increasing distance from the wall. Meanwhile, it is found that the lift force does not show clear dependences on the variation of Reynolds number and the incidence angle.


An injectable thermosensitive hydrogel(PEG-g-CS),based on chemically modified chitosan,has been prepared by grafting different amounts of PEG onto chitosan.The sol-to-gel transition of the PEG-g-CS hydrogel was shown to occur at about body temperature(~37 ℃) which indicates it has optimum thermosensitivity for use as a drug carrier.Increasing the grafting ratio results in a reduction in the phase transition temperature.A higher concentration of mPEG-g-CS leads to a lower phase transition temperature and a shorter response time of the thermosensitive gel.In vitro drug release from the gel was studied using ibuprofen as a model drug.The results indicated that the injectable gel is a promising carrier for sustained drug delivery.


An ultra-high-temperatureZrB2–SiC ceramic nose cone was tested in an arcjet plasma torch facility for 10min at temperatures above 2000 C. The nose cone model was obtained from a hot-pressed billet via electrical discharge machining.The relevant portions of themodels directly exposed to the hot streamwere analyzedby scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The posttest cross sectioning of the model showed a nonnegligible surface recession on the tip of the nose. Nonetheless, the material exhibited a promising potential to withstand severe reentry conditions with temperatures exceeding 2000 C in a single-use application. Spectral directional emissivity evaluationswere performed on the fly during the test bymeans of thermography coupledwith dual-color pyrometer. The numerical calculations, which simulated the chemical nonequilibrium flow around the model assuming a low catalytic surface behavior, are in good accordance with the experimental results.


As of 1997, private adjustable-rate loan contracts must be provided with a clause governing interest rate changes which meets the requirements of the Consumer Protection Act. This legal stipulation is of particular importance for private loans granted by banks and for loans to individuals. More than two-thirds of all private loans granted by Austrian banks provide for variable interest rates and are thus subject to fluctuation mechanisms which need to comply with the relevant provisions of the Consumer Protection Act. Most of the private adjustable-rate loans granted by banks since 1997 include an interest rate adjustment clause according to which any change in the interest rate needs to be based on the arithmetic mean from the Vienna Interbank Offered Rate for three-month funds or (as of the start of Monetary Union) the Euro Interbank Offered Rate for three-month funds and the secondary market yield for federal bonds. Empirical evidence obtained from simple correlation and regression analyses supports the assumption that the standard rate covenant fully complies with the relevant criteria of the Consumer Protection Act ("factual justification" or "independence from the entrepreneur's will"). The change of the average obtained from the two interest indicators reflects to a high degree the development of average refinancing costs by the Austrian banks since the mid 1990s (for database reasons, a comparison with the period before 1995 is not possible). An attractive and relatively simple theoretical approach to justifying the standard rate clause is provided by interpreting it as a rule for sharing macroeconomically caused interest rate risks. Assuming approximately risk-neutral banks, this adjustment mechanism warrants that the non-diversifiable macroeconomic risk of a change in the interest rate is optimally spread between approximately risk-neutral borrowers and investors. In the given context of the model, an optimal situation for all players involved is obtained when banks on balance carry no risk, whereas the borrower and investor share the macro-economic risk of a change in the interest rate at equal parts. Near-risk-neutral banks carry the macroeconomic risk of a change in the interest rate (at 50 percent) only when the borrower and investor belong to different risk preference categories (e.g., the borrower is averse to risk and the investor is more or less risk-neutral, or vice versa).


The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of audit features such as audit firm size, audit firm rotation, audit tenure, and audit market competition on the auditor's independence of the Deposit Money Bank (DMB) listed in the Nigeria Exchange Group. The data on the auditor's independence, the likelihood of engaging big4 audit firm, the likelihood of audit firm rotation, audit tenure, and audit market competition were derived from the annual reports of the 13 Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria for 7 years. The panel data regression was the method of data analysis. The results of the data analyses revealed a positive and significant relationship between auditor's independence and each of the following: the likelihood of rotating audit firms, audit tenure, and audit market competition. Conversely, this study found a non-significant relationship between auditor's independence and the likelihood of engaging big4 audit firms. Therefore, the study recommends that the regulators of the firms in the banking sectors should encourage audit firm rotations coupled with fixed but long audit tenure, and discourage the current practices of concentrating audit engagement in the sector to the big4 audit firms.


This paper employs a source coding approach to study the effects of finite-rate quantization of the channel state information on the performance of MIMO systems over flat fading channels. In our previous work, the finite-rate feedback-based communication system was formulated as a general fixed-rate vector quantization problem for the purposes of analysis. In this paper, the analysis is extended to deal with complex variables further facilitating its use for communication systems with feedback. As an extended application of the general distortion analysis, tight lower bounds on the capacity loss of MIMO systems due to the finite-rate channel quantization are provided in this paper. Based on the obtained analytical results, it is shown that the system capacity loss decreases exponentially with the ratio of the quantization rate to the total degrees of freedom of the source variable. Interestingly, it is also shown that when the number of beams used by the transmit pre-coder equals to half of the transmit antennas (but not the minimal number of transmit and receive antennas), the system has the maximum number of free parameters to quantize. Finally, numerical and simulation results are presented which further confirm the tightness of theoretical distortion bounds.


We studied the bicarbonate depletion effects on photosynthesis in high-CO2 grown-cell wall-less mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with (cw92) and without (cia3/cw15) active carbonic anhydrase (C ...


John Locke's theory of natural law is central to his major works, yet it is perhaps the theme least understood by his students. His theory of natural law provides the central core to an interpretation of the Treatises; and his quest for establishing the certainty of natural law provides the impetus for his Essay Conceming Hwnan Understanding. While most students claim an understanding of these later works, few purport to fully comprehend exactly what Locke means when he speaks of "the law of nature." This may be because Locke himself never fully articulated his theory, or theories, of natural law. Modern Lockean scholars, therefore, begin with a handicap.! Nevertheless, one can attempt to "get a feel" for what Locke had in mind by the term legis naturae (although even in his Essays on the Law of Nature,2 he never directly confronts the question of the content of natural law in terms of a codified set of principles which derive out of the essence of man). He is, however, more clear with regard to other questions concerning the law of nature, such as its obligation, knowability, and basis. Locke's theory of natural law is basically a continuation of the traditional conceptions of natural law deriving from the classics and continuing through medieval scholasticism and the Reformation.3 The Essays abound with references and parallels to Cicero, and many of the


Objectius The purpose of this module is to provide students with the theoretical and methodological tools that are required for understanding the process of European Integration. The module is intended to help students successfully write a research paper and develop research skills for PhD applications. The module overviews the different phases of European integration, the modes of EU governance and the different conceptualizations applied to EU polity, politics and policies. The module is divided in a set of thematic lectures by professors from the UAB and visiting scholars from different European universities.


Fruits and vegetables are edible plant products that are good for health. Precise qualitative and quantitative analyses of heavy metals present in them are important for accurate nutritional labelling, determination of compliance with the standard of identification and in ensuring that the products meet manufacturer's specification. A total of seventy samples of different fruits and vegetables collected from the different Egyptian local markets located in Giza. All collected samples were subjected to heavy metals analysis by microwave digestion and determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), to investigate the cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn) elements. The results showed that the concentration ranges, in mg/kg, were as follows: for (Cd) < 0.02 – 0.12, < 1 – 1.5 (Cr), < 1 – 5.5 (Cu), 1.5 – 768 (Fe), < 0.05 – 0.35 (Pb), < 1 – 40.1 (Mn), < 1 – 5.6 (Ni) and < 1 – 492.9 (Zn) all analyzed samples. However, the concentration level On the other hand, all detectable amount of Co, and Sn in all tested samples were found to be less than the quantifications limits. The daily intakes of essential elements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) are lower than the limits in vegetables stated by Egyptian standards. Similarly, the weekly intakes of Cd and Pb were also significantly below the recommended tolerable levels.


In this paper, an improved four-phase all PMOS charge pump based on the Pelliconi structure is proposed with high voltage boosting efficiency, strong driving capability and large power efficiency. The proposed charge pump uses a complementary structure to solve the voltage driving problem in the conventional charge pump structures. Two auxiliary substrate switching PMOS transistors are added to mitigate the PMOS body effect. The degradation of the output voltage and power efficiency caused by the high threshold voltage drop of high-voltage transistors is eliminated by means of dynamic gate control structure. The proposed charge pump is implemented in 2Xnm process of 3D V-NAND with all PMOS transistors. The simulation results show that the output voltage of proposed 9 stages charge pump can be reached to 23.24V, and the maximum power efficiency of 82.5% can be achieved with 20uA load current, under 20 MHz clock frequency for a power supply voltage of 3 V.


We consider an object buried in an inhomogeneous elastic background material. The entire medium, comprising object and background, is probed by a body force and the field scattered by the object is observed at some known receiver location. The goal is to use those measurements to determine the object position as well as the magnitude of its elastic parameters. The main difficulties arise from the nonlinearity and ill-posedness of such inverse problems. Using the Born approximation, we have previously developed a general framework based on vector integral equations. To circumvent some of the limitations of this approximation, we propose to tackle the problem iteratively. The paper presents a two-step iterative procedure alternating direct and inverse modelling to improve on the resolution and accuracy of the original reconstruction.<<ETX>>


The largest oil sardine (Sardinella
longiceps) ever recorded from Indian
waters was netted by a purseseiner off
Malpe at 30m on 8th September.


Feasibility of plasma antenna is given by plasma conductivity, which is the key parameter. This parameter has to be determined and optimized to characterize the radiation properties of plasma antennas. Through the analysis of the transport process in plasma, plasma antenna based on the Boltzmann Equation is analyzed in this paper. Relevant parameters of the plasma antenna, such as electric current density and conductivity can be obtained through the Boltzmann Equation, and the conductivity of the plasma antenna for the Maxwellian distribution function also can be given out. Analysis of plasma antenna based on the Boltzmann Equation has contributed to understand the plasma antenna.


AJB  Bumiputera  1912  is  one  of  the  Islamic  insurance  company,  where  the  products themselves  oriented  life  insurance.  AJB  Bumiputera  1912  has  several  application  systems, infrastructure, services, and ongoing management (lights-on) as well as the projects being developed. Management Party wants to know the benefits and impacts of lights-on as well as projects in the company and also the value of her tuning of the strategic direction. The author proposes to analyze lights on the project along with New Information Economics method using four practices, namely Strategic Demand / Supply Planning, Alignment, Innovation, and Prioritization.  The results obtained by the SWOT matrix the company has four referral strategies, namely Enhance  customer  relationships,  Expanding  market  share,  increase  work  efficiency  and  Improve relations  with  business  partners.  While  the  lights-on  who  were  in  stable  condition  is  a  platform (hardware & software), Maintenance, Training, Budgeting and planning. Lights-on is in a state of enhanced only when needed is the application of sharia E-plus, office desktop, Helpdesk and Network. Lights-on who are in a satisfactory condition include BIL application of Sharia, Web GL, and the Portal  Server.  The  project  is  a  project  that  should  take  precedence  over  the  VPN-IP  then Datawarehouse, DRC and the SMS Service. Keywords : Application Analysis, Project Plan, New Information Economics Methods .


The invention relates to analog integrated electronic circuits using differential pairs (T1, T2) .We provides an automatic method for correcting offset voltage comprising the steps of: - short-circuiting the inputs (V1, V2) of the differential circuit during a calibration phase distinct from the normal usage phase, - charge a capacitor by the difference of the output currents of the branches of the differential pair in this phase, - comparing the voltage across the capacitor to at least one threshold, - remember, during the normal usage phase following the calibration phase, the result of the comparison, - apply in phase of normal use, a function correcting the result kept in memory to a current source (SC1, SC2) of a follower stage upstream of the differential pair.


field thanks to British money, but they entered the fray largely because the Russian army had punctured Napoleon's aura of invincibility in 1812; without the Russian campaign, no amount of British subsidies could have sustained a successful coalition. Davey accepts that the Royal Navy was just one amongst many contributors to Napoleon's eventual fall. He states his case modestly: his purpose, he writes in his 'Conclusion' has been 'merely to suggest that the war on the oceans must be included in any balanced analysis of the outcome' (p. 312). With the publication of In Nelson's Wake, that more balanced analysis is now possible.


An investigation was carried out during 2017-2018 to study the effect of GA3 and biofertilizer on growth and flowering parameters of Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Lindex Ex Andre) in soilless culture in the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam. As a result, different growth and flowering parameters like the highest plant height (42.78 cm), highest number of leaves (9), highest leaf length (32.26 cm), highest leaf breadth (20.23 cm), highest leaf area (309.37 cm2), highest plant spread (29.23 cm), highest number of sucker per plant (3.67), highest number of flower per plant (14.33), spathe length (18.98cm), spathe breadth (13.43cm) and flower stalk length (42.27cm), highest self-life of spathe (52.20 days) and highest vase life of spathe (32.20 days) were found in treatment T3(Recommended dose of fertilizer i.e. RDF+ Azospirillium+ 100ppm GA3). Hence considering the positive effects on growth, flowering, yield and quality, T3 can be considered for adopting at the field level to reap good economic yield with better quality and high net return.


Alice Mary Smith (1839–1884), or Alice Mary White as she was known to her contemporaries, was one of a surprisingly large group of successful Victorian women composers. Their music is gradually becoming known, at least to scholars, and A-R Editions is playing its part in this development. This composer's two symphonies have already been produced as volume 38 in the series, by the same editor. It seems misleading and a little presumptuous to refer to her as "Smith," since she was universally known by her married name at the time these two overtures were composed and performed. She published more than forty songs and piano pieces as Alice Mary White, so we must presume that was her preference. But I will follow the decision of the editor, even though it is inconsistent with volume 22 in the series, where Fanny Mendelssohn is allotted her married name of Hensel. As Ian Graham-Jones points out in an excellent and well-documented biographical introduction, Smith was born into a relatively wealthy family—as were several other women composers of the period. Upperand middle-class parents usually encouraged their daughters to study music as an accomplishment. What they often disliked was the idea of their earning a living in a public context. (Fanny Mendelssohn's faAlthough the introduction to a critical edition is not the place to engage in detailed style criticism, I would have welcomed a paragraph or two outlining the musical language of Pachelbel's arias and relating them to his vocal works more generally. Despite the survival of autograph scores or parts for most arias, several works lack all but the first stanza of their texts (Auf werthe Gäst, Guter Walther unsers Raths, Geliebtes Vaterhertz, and O großes Musenliecht). Among the fragmentary arias assigned to the volume's appendix, the attractive Das Jahr fängt an is musically complete but comes down to us with just a portion of the first stanza, whereas Das angenehmste Wetter has all five of its stanzas but lacks a continuo part. Perhaps some enterprising musicians will take it upon themselves to reconstruct and perform these two arias. A third aria has not fared so well, surviving only as an orphaned continuo part. Those wishing to explore the sources for Pachelbel's arias will find Hirschmann's critical report (provided only in German) admirably detailed and well organized. It takes full account of recent scholarship on the composer, and should form the basis of any future work on the repertory. Similar care has been taken in the main section of the volume, where I found the musical texts to be accurate, clearly printed, spaciously laid out, and uncluttered by editorial additions or continuo realizations. All the surviving poetic stanzas are printed following the music, and in cases where the poetry is transmitted in both manuscript and printed sources, the two versions are helpfully juxtaposed. Besides illustrations relating to the 1679 commendation ceremonies, the front matter includes a generous selection of printed texts and manuscript sources in facsimile. Lastly, Bären reiter is to be commended for enhancing the edition's utility by including J. Bradford Robinson's elegant English translation of Hirschmann's introduction. To sum up: the high standard to which the music of this volume has been edited, printed, and contextualized bodes well for future installments of Johann Pachelbel: Sämtliche Vokalwerke.


1. The name of the product design: hair clipper (G-9806). 2. Purpose of product design: is a common hair appliances, used to cut their hair. 3. The product design design features: shape. 4. The best indicator of design elements picture: front view.


Using a longitudinal database (1996-2003) at the plant level, this paper aims to shed light, on the thesis that most productive domestic firms self select to export markets. Self selection and learning by exporting are two non-mutually exclusive theses that try to explain the high correlation between international trade involvement of firms and their superior performance, relative to domestic firms. In general, we find evidence of a self-selection to exports. However, there is a significant heterogeneity according to the destination of sales, to firms' import status before exporting and to the specificities of sectors firms' belong to.