There are problems which do not have analytical solutions and require algorithms (such as Backtracking) that use brute force. The time complexity of these algorithms is polynomial, so they lose their practical advantage for even small systems. In this study, we apply the hybrid algorithm to find the number of knights required to cover every square of a chessboard-looking table (a.k.a. Knights Covering Problem) to reduce time complexity. This approach simplifies the problem by removing the attacked cells in order to decrease the number of trial-and-error steps. The hybrid algorithm increases efficiency by reducing computation time. Our analysis shows 50% performance increment for 4-KCP.


Based on literature reviews and interviews with project managers,20 factors were identified as critical success factors of construction supply chain under EPC,and the hypothesis was given.With development of questionnaire,the data was analyzed by the SPSS to verify the hypothesis,finding that 20 factors were critical and could be divided into five dimensions: strategy,cooperation,process,attitude and recourse.Finally,management strategies were suggested to improve the performance of construction supply chain.


Wave energy is a renewable source, which has not yet been exploited to a large extent. Many of the various schemes in the past consist of various mechanical structures, often located near the sea surface. In the present work we instead focus on wave power plants consisting of small wave energy converters. The proposed Wave Energy Converter system comprises six key parts. The Wave Energy Converter system, rectifier, battery, chopper, a controller and DC load composed lighting load and PMDC motor for pumping station. The proposed unified DC system with all subsystems has been digitally simulated using the Matlab Simulink/Sim-Power software environment and validated for voltage stabilization, efficient utilizations and enhanced performance under different load excursions. The proposed dynamic error driven control system is digitally simulated and the performance and dynamic characteristics of the controllers is tested for PMDC Motor Drives. A full comparison of system performance for two different cases with and without installing storage battery in the system is carried out. The dynamic performance of the unified green energy Wave Energy-DC utilization system is examined for the proposed controller. Despite the non-linear system characteristic, the proposed unified DC scheme provides efficient and optimum dynamic operation as well as enhanced system performance. Key Wordswave energy, point absorber, transmission system, renewable energy, Error driven multi loop dynamic control


To better understand the overall hydromechanical behaviour of interlayer soil, the compaction behaviour of one of the two components — the portion of fines (<4 mm) that is sensitive to water conten...


This study evaluated serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokine and high-sensitivity C-reactive-protein (hs-CRP) levels, along with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS), as predictors of mortality in the early post-traumatic period, in 100 Turkish patients with blunt head trauma. Overall patient mortality was 27%. There was a significant association between age and mortality, and mortality was negatively correlated with GCS and RTS. Head injury severity (GCS) was significantly related to NSE, hs-CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. Mortality correlated positively with IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels. NSE, hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors. GCS score ≤ 8, younger age and NSE levels were significant independent predictors of mortality. During the early post-traumatic period, NSE may be an objective alternative criterion to the GCS, in the management of patients with blunt head trauma.


This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the level of digital financial literacy in Batik SMEs in Banyumas Regency in terms of age, education level, and income level. The object of this research was the Batik SMEs, a member of the Berkah Rindang Kinasih Cooperative, which consists of two plasmas with a total of 24 Batik SMEs. The research method used quantitative method with multiple regression analysis Partial T Test and Simultaneous F Test. The data collection technique was in the form of a questionnaire on digital financial literacy variables. The results of the study were training did not partially affect the digital financial literacy variable, motivation did not partially affect the digital financial literacy variable, age did not partially affect the digital financial literacy variable, education level had no effect partially on the digital financial literacy variable and the level of income did not partially affect the digital financial literacy variable. However, the variables of training, motivation, age, education level, and income level simultaneously or simultaneously affected the Digital Financial Literacy variable.


This paper has chosen 60 species of indoor decorative plants to absorb formaldehyde and the other forty-one species of indoor decorative plants to absorb benzene.We have done a fumigating experiment by putting the above said plants in some self-made fumigating boxes.In so doing,we kept measuring the change of formaldehyde and benzene 24 hours later.And then we began to do our comparative study for the absorbility of the plants for formaldehyde and benzene by gradually reducing the dose of formaldehyde and benzene in the unit leaf area.The results of our experiments indicate that if the mass concentration of formaldehyde and benzene is 10 times as high as that stipulated in the national standard,all the indoor decorative plants are in a position to absorb both the formaldehyde and the benzene content in the air,though their adsorbilities vary respectively.The absorbility for formaldehyde in the unit leaf area declines as follows,for example,Aloe vera L.,Philodendron selloum C.Koch,Monstera deliciosa Liebm.,Chamaedorea elegans(Mart.) Liebm.,Syngonium podophyllum Schoot,Ficus elastica Roxb.ex Hornem.'Decora Burgundy',Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast.,Chlorophytum amaniense Engl.,Chlorophytum comosum(Thunb.) Jacq.'Vittatum',Neoregelia carolinae(Beer) Sm.'Tricolor Perfecta'.However,the absorption capacity for benzene in the unit leaf area has been found declining as follows,Aloe vera L.,Peperomia argyreia Merr,Schefflera arboricola(Hay.) Merr.'Jacqueline',Guzmania lingulata(L.) mez,Philodendron selloum C.Koch,Syngonium podophyllum Schoot,Chlorophytum amaniense Engl.,Yucca guatemalensis Baker 'Variegata',Dieffenbachia maculata 'Tryunfw',Neoregelia carolinae(Beer) Sm.'Tricolor Perfecta'.As a result,we have chosen six species of indoor decorative plants for our later experiments while pot and soil were made separated from the haulm.The plants have then been put into the fumigating boxes for further fumigating experiments.The results show that the soil moisture in the pot of the plants tends to have some effect on the absorption capability of the plants on formaldehyde,but no effect has been found on benzene.


The charge asymmetry of W-bosons produced in collisions has been measured using 72 439 and decays recorded by the CDF detector during the 1992 - 93 and 1994 - 95 Tevatron collider runs. Preliminary results on the Drell - Yan cross section are reported for the mass range from 11 - 350 .


Using in-depth interviews and participant observation from sixty-eight male cheerleaders and four selected cheerleading teams, this research examines the construction of masculinity among college-age heterosexual male cheerleaders. Whereas previous studies of men in feminized terrain have shown that hegemonic processes of dominance and subordination influence most men to bolster their masculinity through an approximation of orthodox masculine requisites, this research finds that heterosexual men in collegiate cheerleading today exhibit two forms of normative masculinity. One form retains most tenets of orthodox masculine construction, whereas the other is shown to be more inclusive. Men who subscribe to this inclusive form of masculinity do not respond to their transgression into feminized terrain in the same manner as has been shown in other investigations of men in feminized arenas because they are shown to accept feminine behavior and homosexuality among men. The emergence of this more inclusive form of masculinity is attributed to many factors, including the structure of the sport, the reduction of cultural, institutional, and organizational homophobia, and the resocialization of men into a gender-integrated sport.


The constant volume (CV) limit of pulsed propulsion was explored theoretically, where the combustion chamber was approximated as being time-varying but spatially uniform, while the nozzle flow was approximated as being one dimensional but quasi-steady. The CV limit was explored for the isentropic blow down of a constant y ideal gas for fixed expansion ratios and for variable expansion ratios which were adjusted to match the pressure ratio at all times. The CV limit calculations were notable in that all the fixed expansion ratio results could be expressed as analytical solutions. The CV limit was then compared with two relevant constant pressure (CP) cycles. Among the several conclusions were that using a fixed expansion ratio nozzle during a CV blow down did not exert more than a 3% performance penalty over using a variable expansion ratio nozzle as long as the fixed expansion ratio nozzle was optimized for the blow down. Another major conclusion was that, while the impulse produced by a CV device could significantly exceed that of a CP device operating at the fill pressure of the CV device at elevated ambient pressures (e.g. , I atm), the impulse produced by a CP device could actually exceed, albeit only slightly, the impulse produced by a CV device when the ambient pressure was near zero, such as would occur in the near vacuum conditions in space. Nomenclature A - area c - speed of sound CF - thrust coefficient cp - specific heat at constant pressure F - thrust g(Y) - eq. (4) / - impulse rate of mass flow Mach number velocity pressure


The paper presents a system developed for monitoring natural movements of the population on the basis of the automated creation of medical certificates of birth and death. As a result of this, it becomes possible to form a single information resource. Its creation would allow for the real-time monitoring of the processes of the natural movement of the population. A software product in the form of a web application is created, ensuring the operation of this information system.


3101 women aged 20-44 were surveyed in Flanders in 1982-83 concerning their perceptions of the contraceptive methods they used. The survey was part of a larger longitudinal study of changes in family formation in Belgium. Traditional and modern contraceptive methods were perceived very differently. Withdrawal/periodic abstinence and the condom were regarded as effective by 61% and 79% of respondents, while the IUD, pill, and female sterilization were believed by 99% of respondents to be effective. Traditional and intermediate contraceptive methods were believed to be less convenient to use, to be more frustrating sexually, but to be more natural. The IUD and pills were associated with higher risks of secondary effects, but oral contraceptive (OC) users believed their method to be much more harmful to their health than did IUD users. IUD users complained of physical secondary effects, while OC users complained of physical, psychic, and sexual secondary effects. Fewer IUD users than OC users believed their method to be highly effective. Considerable proportions of withdrawal, periodic abstinence, and condom users appeared to overestimate the efficacy of their method. Sterilization users believed the accessibility of their method to be significantly lower than did users of other methods, perhaps because sterilization has become accepted and widely available in Flanders only in the past few years. The most frequently cited advantages of withdrawal/periodic abstinence and the condom were naturalness, innocuity, and lack of secondary effects, while the most frequently cited advantage of OCs and sterilization was their efficacy. Ease of use and efficacy were both cited as advantages by IUD users. A large number of women, especially those using modern methods, stated their method had no major disadvantages. The principle disadvantages cited by withdrawal, abstinence, and condom users were low efficacy and inconvenience for sex life, while the principle disadvantages for the pill and IUD were health worries and secondary effects. Perception of the attributes of the contraceptive method used was influenced more by prior contraceptive use than by age, educational level, ideology or completeness of the family. As in other countries, users of modern methods seem to be more satisfied with their choice. Reasons for terminating use of different methods used in the past were directly related to their perceived disadvantages. Secondary effects and health worries were the major reasons for terminating OC and IUD use. A nonnegligible proportion who terminated IUD use cited its lack of efficacy.


A very simple ring resonator for in vivo L-band EPR spectroscopy was built and characterised. It employs a special capacitive coupling that allows measurents to be made on large biological samples which are not possible with other resonators. In spite of its intrinsic low Q it has a sensitivity almost equivalent to that obtained from high Q resonators. These features were tested down to a nitroxide concentration of 10 μM in high conductivity phantoms.


【Background: This study was performed to identify what effect plyometric exercise with application of kinesio taping gives on muscle activity and power of lower limb. Methods: In order to conduct research, total 14 male students at G university located Gwangyang city were randomly assigned; 7 for experimental group (with kinesio taping application) and 7 for control groups(without kinesio taping application) were conducted with box drill, one of the plyometric exercise 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Muscle activities were measured by using electrodiagnosis equipment on quadriceps and gastrocnemius. Collected data was analyzed by using Windows SPSS version 19.0. Results: Muscle activities show statistically significant differences (p】


In 1945, the American Cancer Society (ACS), then a newly formed society, first endorsed the use of vaginal smears as an effective cervical cancer prevention tool, as described by Koss in a historical perspective published in Cancer. Dr. Charles Cameron, the first ACS Medical and Scientific Director and a close colleague and friend of Dr. George Papanicolaou, was largely responsible for taking this major step and for organizing the first National Cytology Conference, which was held in Boston in 1948. The ACS was a major influencer encouraging women to schedule annual Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for many years and has published revisions of cervical cancer guidelines periodically. The Pap test has been termed the most successful cancer screening test of all time and is responsible for a major decrease in cancer mortality that began in the United States in the 1950s and in other countries where Pap testing has been used widely. Seventyfive years later, the newest ACS guideline for averagerisk individuals, released in July 2020, calls for replacing Pap tests with primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening: "The preferred strategy is primary HPV testing every 5 years, with cotesting and cytology alone acceptable where access to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)– approved primary HPV testing is not yet available." The ACS recognizes this as a transition period and that more work with many stakeholders will need to occur during implementation. Cytology will continue to be used as an adjunctive and management tool for individuals with positive HPV tests. HPV testing as a cervical cancer screening and management tool was first introduced more than 20 years ago and was endorsed in 2001 consensus guidelines as an effective management tool for the management of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. The 2002 ACS cervical cancer guidelines stated that annual screening was no longer required once women had received 3 satisfactory negative annual conventional smears, and liquidbased cytology was recommended at 2year intervals. The publication declared HPV testing to be promising and that HPV testing could be considered in conjunction with cervical cytology no more frequently than every 3 years in women 30 years old or older if a testing platform was approved, and FDA approval of an HPV cotesting method occurred a short time later in 2003. Cotesting has been a very popular screening strategy in the past 2 decades and accounts for the majority of cervical cancer screening tests in many practices in the United States. By 2012, the ACS (in conjunction with other organizations) had changed the frequency of cytology screening alone to no more than every 3 years, with cytology and HPV cotesting as the preferred screening method at a 5year interval once a woman reached the age of 30 years. This guideline recommended that screening with cytology not occur before the age of 21 years and that screening be discontinued after the age of 65 years after adequate prior negative screening. No screening after complete hysterectomy for women with no history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (CIN2+) had already been endorsed in 2002. The FDA approved the first primary HPV screening platform in 2014, but national guidelines continued to promote the


Abstract : Wind Noise Cancellation Issues 1. Requires Adaptive Filter - Flow Direction Dependent Noise Cancellation 2. Microphone Non-Linearity in High Flow 3. Requires Significant Additional Processing Relative to Standard Microphone 4. Can Degrade Beamforming Array Coherence.


Underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of COPD is a problem in England too

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in the developed world, and is emerging as increasingly important in the developing world. Despite its importance, COPD is not well recognised by the general public and frequently goes undiagnosed in people who have evidence of it. This underdiagnosis of people with evidence of obstruction on spirometry (generally adults with an FEV1/FVC ratio <70%) has been previously documented in the United States1 and Korea.2

The paper by Shahab and colleagues in this issue of Thorax shows that underdiagnosis and, in all likelihood, misdiagnosis, is a factor in England also.3 Their key finding was that 13.3% of the population aged 35 and older had evidence of COPD that would, in general, correspond to GOLD stage 1 or more severe disease.4 Bronchodilator response was not evaluated, so this would not meet strict GOLD criteria and, if this population is similar to the Norwegian adult population,5 one might expect the "post-bronchodilator" prevalence of COPD to be 20–25% lower. Whether this shifting classification is important either clinically or epidemiologically is unclear. While some research has suggested that bronchodilator responsiveness …


There is an relationship of depending on each other and promoting each other existing in the physical and moral education.The implicit mechanisms by which moral education infiltrated in physical education are:material form of the permeability,system of implicit forms of infiltration,the spirit of implicit forms of infiltration.This artical fully exploits the implicit mechanisms in physical education and realize the living moral education,thus enhance to promote the quality of school moral education.


The interwar years witnessed many new and dramatic changes in child rearing practices in British Columbia, as well as in other parts of the industrialized world. Developments in medical science, advances in disease prevention and control, and increased knowledge of both child nature and development between the 1880s and the 1920s shifted the focus on child rearing advice from the development of children's moral character to the provision of better physical care.1 For the first time in history, infants had a good chance of surviving to adulthood if parents adopted the new scientific approach to child care.2 Science, advisors argued, provided greater efficiency in both industry and the school system; therefore science should be just as effective in improving child care and the quality of family life.3 British Columbians did not suddenly become aware of children and their needs in 1919, but in the immediate post-First World War period politicians, academics and social reformers in all parts of Canada talked and wrote of a developing nation in a new age where social ills could be


With the gradual deepening of people's understanding for the complex pathogenesis of the disease, traditional Chinese medicine has received more and more attention due to its features of multi-component, multi-linkage, and overall regulation. After consulting literature, it was discovered that with the rapid development of systems biology, various system biology techniques have been widely used in the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, computer aided drug design (CADD) technology has also shown unique advantages in the screening of active ingredients, target discovery, toxicity prediction, and the study of the mechanism of prescription. Therefore, based on analyzing the current development mode of Chinese medicine and summarizing the role of computer aided drug design in Chinese medicine research, this paper uses machine learning algorithm to propose a new prediction model of Chinese medicine based on the combination of system biology technology and computer-aided drug design, which provides a powerful tool and means for the study of the complex theoretical system of Chinese medicine and the modernization of Chinese medicine.


SCIDAR (Scintillation Distance And Ranging) is used to determine the height and strength of optically turbulent layers in the atmosphere. One use of this information is in adaptive optics, both in the design of a system and in its regular operation. The technique of was first proposed by Vernin and colleagues [1, 2, 3, 4], and further developed by Tyler [5]. This paper evaluates SCIDAR as a method for turbulence profiling, and describes algorithms which have been developed to make it viable. This has been aided by a simulation of the propagation of light through 3D random media.


With the proliferation of portable devices, the exponential growth of the global mobile traffic brings great challenges to the traditional communication networks and the traditional wireless communication technologies. In this context, converged networks and cache-based data offloading have drawn more and more attention based on the strong correlation of services. This paper proposes a novel popular services pushing and caching scheme by using converged overlay networks. The most popular services are pushed by terrestrial broadcasting networks. And they are cached in ${n}$ router-nodes with limited cache sizes. Each router-node only interconnects with its neighbor nodes. Users are served through the router's WiFi link. If the services requested are cached in the routers, the user can be immediately responded; otherwise, the requests can be responded through the link from cellular stations to the router. In the proposed scheme, the cache size of the router, the maximum number of requests each router can serve, and the whole-time delay are limited. Three node-selecting and dynamic programming algorithms are adopted to maximize the equivalent throughput. Analytical and numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is very effective.


The differential expression of nsLTP gene in pepper under Phytophthora capsici Stress was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The results indicated that compared with control,nsLTP gene transcription level in pepper leaves follows a high-low-high pattern under Phytophthora capsici Stress,nsLTP gene inductively expressed in the early stage of stress,reached the peak 6 hours after treatment,and then decreased significantly.The relative expression ratios of the nsLTP gene ranged from 2.38 to 15.53.


For the past 7 years, the series of TextGraphs workshops have exposed and encouraged the synergy between the field of Graph Theory (GT) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The mix between the two started small, with graph theoretical framework providing efficient and elegant solutions for NLP applications that focused on single documents for part-of-speech tagging, word sense disambiguation and semantic role labeling. It then got progressively larger with ontology learning and information extraction from large text collections, and have reached web scale through the new fields of research that focus on information propagation in social networks, rumor proliferation, e-reputation, multiple entity detection, language dynamics learning and future events prediction to name but a few. The 8th edition of the TextGraphs workshop aimed to be a new step in the series, focused on issues and solutions for large-scale graphs, such as those derived for web-scale knowledge acquisition or social networks. We encouraged the description of novel NLP problems or applications that have emerged in recent years which can be addressed with graph-based solutions, as well as novel graph-based solutions to known NLP tasks. Continuing to bring together researchers interested in Graph Theory applied to Natural Language Processing, provides an environment for further integration of graph-based solutions into NLP tasks. A deeper understanding of new theories of graph-based algorithms is likely to help create new approaches and widen the usage of graphs for NLP applications. This volume contains papers accepted for presentation at the workshop. We issued calls for regular papers, short late–breaking papers, and demos. After careful review by the program committee of the 15 submissions received – 12 regular papers, 2 short papers and 1 demo – 8 regular papers, 2 short papers and 1 demo were accepted for presentation. The accepted papers address varied problems – from theoretical and general considerations, to NLP and also "real-world" applications-through interesting variations in known and also novel graph-based methods. We are thankful to the members of the program committee, who have provided high quality reviews in a timely fashion despite the holiday season, and all submissions have benefited from this expert feedback. We were lucky to have two excellent speakers for this year's event. We thank Oren Etzioni and Pedro Domingos for their enthusiastic acceptance and presentations. Abstract Traditional information retrieval models assume keyword-based queries and use unstruc-tured document representations. There is an abundance of event-centered texts (e.g., breaking news) and event-oriented …


Historically, total laryngectomy with voice‐prosthesis insertion and near‐total laryngectomy were the surgical options advocated for advanced supraglottic and transglottic tumors classified as T3–T4.


Automated test generation tools (we hope) produce failing tests from time to time. In a world of fault-free code this would not be true, but in such a world we would not need automated test generation tools. Failing tests are generally speaking the most valuable products of the testing process, and users need tools that extract their full value. This paper describes the tools provided by the TSTL testing language for making use of tests (which are not limited to failing tests). In addition to the usual tools for simple delta-debugging and executing tests as regressions, TSTL provides tools for 1) minimizing tests by criteria other than failure, such as code coverage, 2) normalizing tests to achieve further reduction and canonicalization than provided by delta-debugging, 3) generalizing tests to describe the neighborhood of similar tests that fail in the same fashion, and 4) avoiding slippage, where delta-debugging causes a failing test to change underlying fault. These tools can be accessed both by easy-to-use command-line tools and via a powerful API that supports more complex custom test manipulations.


Background: In COVID-19, the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Acute infections are accompanied by a sickness symptom complex (SSC) which is a highly conserved symptom complex that protects against infections and hyperinflammation. Aims: To examine the associations of COVID-19, SSC and the NLPR3 rs10157379 T>C and NLPR3 rs10754558 C>G SNV variants; and the protective role of SSC in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We recruited COVID-19 patients, 308 with critical, 63 with moderate and 157 with mild disease. Results: Increased SSC protects against SARS, critical disease, and death due to COVID-19. Increasing age, male sex and rs10754558 CG significantly predict reduced SSC protection. The rs10157379 CT and rs10754558 GG genotypes are positively associated with SARS. Partial Least Squares analysis shows a) that 41.8% of the variance in critical COVID-19 symptoms could be explained by SSC and oxygen saturation (inversely associated), and inflammation, chest computed tomography abnormalities, increased body mass index, SARS and age (positively associated); and b) the effects of the NLRP3 rs10157379 and rs10754558 variants on critical COVID-19 are mediated via SSC (protective) and SARS (detrimental). SSC includes anosmia, dysgeusia and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions: Intersections among the rs10754558 variant, age, and sex increase risk towards critical COVID-19 by attenuating SSC. NLRP3 variants play an important role in SARS, and severe and critical COVID-19 especially in individuals with reduced SSC, elderly people, and those with increased BMI, hypertension, and diabetes type 2. SSC is a new drug target to combat acute COVID-19.


Technology monopoly makes everything possible to quantify. The over- pursuit for market interests by people leads to the dislocation of the functions of news and news entertainment. On the one hand,the transition from text to image information makes audience's thinking limited; on the other hand,in the news dislocation function,the audience's instinctive needs of entertainment gradually move closer to the news media. Meanwhile,the abuse of sensitive cultural symbols results in the decrease of the meaning of symbols and authority,which leads to the further expansion of news entertainment. In addition,the era of big data may push the news entertainment to the peak.


The paper examined the challenge of youth unemployment in Nigeria and its implications for security and economic development. The paper adopted descriptive survey method. A total of 200 subjects were drawn through random sampling techniques across public servants, students and youths in Ogbomoso township of Oyo State, Nigeria. The research questions were analyzed with the use of mean score and standard deviation. The result of the study among others revealed that lack of power supply, lack of practical entrepreneurial skills and mass production of graduates from secondary and tertiary institutions are the causes of unemployment. The implication of these has led to increased social vices, rise in religious riots and militancy, vandalism and destruction of lives, slow pace of economic development and high waste of human resources. Thus, it was recommended that crops and livestock farming should be made attractive through the provision of incentives to young graduates who may wish to go into crop and livestock farming. Entrepreneurship should be drafted into Nigeria's school curricular and made compulsory for all levels in secondary and tertiary institutions of learning. This will infuse the spirit of enterprise, perseverance and merit into the youths as opposed to the quick-quick and now-now syndrome that has overtaken the nation.


Rachel and Kirsty are so excited about returning to Rainspell Island for a holiday! But their hearts sink when they go to their favourite beach and see that it's covered in litter. They're determined to clean it up, but they need a very special fairy friend to help them...


Abstract This article argues that North Korea can achieve an economic catch-up after decades of economic isolation and stagnation by promoting an economic opening focused on foreign trade and investment in a sustained manner. An analogy is been made with the case of Fujian Province in China, which has accomplished economic catch-up, mainly due to Taiwanese investments. To realise its potential, it is argued that North Korea treats its foreign direct investment (FDI) from South Korea as intra-Korean investment. The article also discusses the diverse modes of engagement with foreign capital that are available for North Korea, considering its own capability (absorption or management capabilities), rivalry among possible foreign investors, implications for market structure (monopoly or more competition), the nature of target technologies or facilities, opportunity for learning and transfer, and so forth. Finally, the article discusses the economic and political preconditions for such and economic catch-up.


Purpose – To inform new academic librarians and their mentors about books, articles, and web sites which provide guidance in becoming a professional librarian and achieving tenure and promotion.Design/methodology/approach – New academic librarians are often ignorant of important publications that can help them succeed in becoming successful professional librarians. Many are not prepared for what is expected of them in an academic library. These ten works, arranged by ten categories, contain an explanation of the importance of the work and its value to the new professional librarian. These resources range from topics such as achieving tenure to learning about state publications.Findings – These ten works were chosen based on their clarity, usefulness, and content. Full bibliographic information or pertinent URL is provided for each source.Practical implications – This list has been successfully used by new librarians mentored by the author and will be of value to both new hires finding their way through te...


Retinal dysplasia is a rare non-neoplastic congenital disorder characterized by aberrant differentiation of the retina with formation of abnormal tubular and rosette-like structure. Clinically, the lesion presents with leukocoria and mimics a retinoblastoma. One such case is described that occurred unilaterally in a 9-month-old boy.


In a developmental study, it is reasonable to assume that a population is divided into several subpopulations according to developmental paths, i.e. each of the subpopulations depends on a developmental path of its own. Under this assumption, first, a latent structure model is proposed for explaining developmental paths in a population. Second, causal analysis of latent dichotomous variables indicating states of skill acquisition is discussed through the developmental paths. Basic measures of causal effects among the variables are defined. A numerical example illustrates the present approach.


One-dimensional (1D) nanoscale "crystalline-amorphous" carbon heterojunction is fabricated by post-treatment of an amorphous carbon nanofiber in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) system. It is proposed that the unique SPS process is responsible for the heterojunction formation. Studies of the electrical transport property show that the nanoscale heterojunction exhibits a typical rectification behavior. The heterojunctions may have broad potential applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics and the SPS technique could be a distinctive approach to construct 1D functional nanomaterials with high throughput.


We present experimental results showing the existence of bright temporal solitonlike pulses in a self-defocusing material with normal dispersion. Operating close to the fundamental absorption edge of an AlGaAs quantum-well waveguide, we observed narrowing of both the spectrum and the temporal width of the pulses. Two-photon absorption also influenced the propagation of these pulses, and its effects are described.


Why is it that some hurtful messages have a greater impact on relationships than others? Theorists suggest that the way people interpret another individual's negative behavior can influence how close or distant they feel from that person, as well as the emotions they experience. The first study reported in this article was conducted to examine how judgments of intent affect individuals' tendency to distance themselves from someone who hurt them and how such judgments impact people's experience of hurt. Results indicated that people who judged something an individual said to them as intentionally hurtful felt the comment had more of a distancing effect on their relationship with the individual than did those who perceived the message as unintentionally hurtful. Furthermore, those who viewed the comment as intentionally hurtful tended to be less satisfied with the relationship they had with the person who hurt them and felt less close to the person than did those who saw it as unintentional. The findings also revealed that people's perceptions of messages they saw as unintentionally hurtful varied in theoretically important ways. To follow-up on the notion that there are qualities of messages viewed as unintentionally hurtful that contribute to relational distancing and hurt feelings, a second study was conducted. Findings indicated that the perception of messages as part of an ongoing pattern of hurtful communication - as relatively frequent and as part of a general tendency to hurt others was associated with relational distancing. Also, people's tendency to feel disregarded by the individual who hurt them was linked with relational distancing and hurt feelings.


The aim of this paper is to determine the transformation of the production potential of theArgentine automotive industry in the years 1952–2011. The evolution of production and investmentstrategies of the international automotive companies were also examined, considering changes in theindustrial policy, progressing globalization and integration within Mercosur. The origins of this industryin Argentina were associated with acceleration of industrialization and modernization under therule of Juan Peron administration. Developed behind the "cover" of high tariffs, the automobile industryhas contributed to the modernization and transformation of the economic structure of the country.The studied period can be divided into three main phases of development. The first phase (1952–1975) is associated with the introduction of the automobile industry to Argentina, which initially took placeunder the heavy involvement of the state and private capitals. Its second stage was characterized bythe consolidation of the companies operating in the country with the decisive role played by transnationalcorporations. The second phase (1976–1990) covers the years of deep crisis in this sector, whichwas the outcome of the unfavorable economic situation in the country and wrong industrial policyliberalizing imports of finished vehicles. This led not only to the decrease in the number of producedvehicles, but also some of the automobile companies opted to leave the country. During the third phase(1991–2011) the auto sector witnessed a rapid increase in production, which reached the highest pointin the history in 2011. This success was attained due to export-oriented policy in this sector, which tookadvantage of the creation of Mercosur.


In this paper a new circuit model for generating partial discharge (PD) signals in HV cables, considering the existence of semiconductor layer, based on the model registered by the authors has been presented and the effects of various parameters of semiconductor layer such as resistivity, permittivity and thickness on PD signal has been investigated. Also, the contributions of semiconductor layer on PD signal propagation, due to the effect of this layer on wave propagation velocity and attenuation are discussed. For this reason, a new investigation on EMTPRV-based semiconductor implementation in cable model has been presented which in addition to modified PD generation circuit completes a model for any investigation on generation and propagation of partial discharges in a cable including semiconductor layer contributions.


The Italian Geographic Military Institute has been producing orthoimage citymaps at 1: 10 000 and 1: 5 000 scale for 10 years, based on traditional analogic technologies. During the last ten years, the fast evolution of digital technologies has made the production of high quality and accuracy orthoimages, possible. This cartographic product is characterized by short production time and low costs in respect of the traditional production. In the following pages the Authors describe the production flow and the accuracy obtained.


Four sediment cores were collected in the estuarine delta of Xiangjiang River,which contains 94 sediment samples.Concentration of 16 heavy metal elements in the sediments,including Cd,Sc,Sn,Sb,and Zn,were measured.Methods of index geoaccumulation and principal components analysis were applied to analyze the heavy metal pollution.The results show that among those heavy metal pollutions in the estuarine delta,Cd ranked first,with Sn,Sb,Zn,and Pb in the next place.The decreasing order of the pollution in four sampling place was QWXYQS,which shows the heavy metal pollution was aggravated from river to lake.Sc,V,Co,Mo,Pb,and U have greater loadings on the PC1s of the sampling place W,XY,and Q,while their loading on PC1 of QS are negative.It shows the pollution of the six heavy metals came mainly from Xiangjiang River.


A 20-year-old man presented to the outpatient clinic of our hospital with gradually worsening chest pain exacerbated by motion. His symptoms had begun the evening prior to presentation following ingestion of grilled frozen mackerel. His condition worsened after swallowing cornflakes at breakfast on the day of presentation. Computed tomography revealed right-sided pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax (Picture 1, 2). Emergency esophageal endoscopy revealed a fish bone stuck head-side-up at the thoracic esophagus (Picture 3), which was retrieved using a foreign body removal


Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and its catalysate angiotensin II (Ang II) are important effectors of rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) that exert deleterious effects in myocardial injury. However, it is not clear whether up-regulation of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis prevents Ang II-induced injury in myocardial cells. This study explored the biological effects of ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis on myocardial cells apoptosis and its possible underlying mechanism. Primary cultured rat myocardial cells were transduced with adenovirus-borne Ace2, and then were treated with Mas receptor blocker (A779) before exposure to Ang II. The cells were differentiated into seven groups as control, Ang II, Ang II+Ang (1-7), Ang II+pAAV9-ACE2, Ang II+pAAV9-EGFP and Ang II+pAAV9-ACE2+A779. MTT assay, apoptosis assay, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were also performed to analyze the expression of ACE2. Result showed that overexpression of Ang (1-7) and ACE2 promoted cell survival and suppressed Ang II induced cardiac apoptosis (P<0.05). A779, the competitive antagonist of the Mas receptor, significantly inhibited the protective effects of ACE2 on Ang II-induced myocardial injury. ACE2-Ang (1-7)-MAS axis down-regulated the apoptotic factors such as Bax, Cytochrome c, and active caspase-3 and up-regulated Bcl-2, thus inhibiting cell apoptosis. Also, ACE2Ang (1-7)-MAS axis activated PI3K/AKT and eNOS pathways (PI3K/AKT pathway is an upstream of eNOS pathway) and resulted in reduction of myocardial injury. These findings clarified that ACE2-Ang (1-7)-MAS axis has cardioprotective effects against Ang II-induced myocardial injury by activating the PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathways. This can also act as a novel drug target which needs to be further explored in future studies.


Power components are key components in most electronic devices and theirfunctional modes affect directly the reliability of the whole machine. The thermal design of powercomponent and the optimization of heat sink from the application is introduced. A software is devel-oped and confirmed by experimental results.


Document Summary) The cases of Ann Lovett, a fifteen year old girl who died after delivering a stillborn baby, and the Kerry babies, infants who had been murdered and found within a week of one another, created space, for the first time in Irish history, for a wide-scale discussion of the issues that divided Irish society into conservative and liberal camps, and it was the media that facilitated and fueled the discussion. While the public reaction to Lovett's death was sensitive, self-conscious, and introspective, the people who protested the government tribunal's treatment of Joanne Hayes, mother of the second Kerry baby, objected to the notion that the government had the right to dictate moral codes and hold up to public scrutiny those who strayed from the norm. Recent legalizations of divorce and abortion indicate Ireland is basing their morals now not on how they think things should be, but rather on how they know things are. Full Text (9645 words) Copyright Feminist Studies Summer 2001 In September 1983 Irish people went to the polls and voted in favor of a referendum embedding a 08/27/2007 07:08 PM Literature Online Criticism & Reference: Full Text Page 2 of 13 http://lion.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R01623087&divLevel=0&area=abell&forward=critref_ft ban on abortion within the Irish Constitution. Although the success of the referendum may not be surprising in a country where the Catholic Church was still recognized as the arbiter of moral standards and values, the referendum passed by a smaller majority than its supporters had anticipated, and less than 50 percent of the electorate turned out to vote. The push for a referendum surfaced not in response to changes in the abortion law or even from an organized movement to legalize abortion; rather, a small group of conservative politicians and Catholic leaders feared that Irish law eventually would be superseded by European law and abortion legislation thus would be imposed on Ireland from without. They insisted that a constitutional amendment was the only way to preserve Ireland's distinctive moral foundation in the midst of a secularizing trend within Irish society and a growing exposure to "foreign" cultural, political, and moral influences resulting from Ireland's entry in 1973 into the European Economic Community (now the European Union). Some of those who opposed the referendum might have regarded abortion as immoral, but nonetheless they viewed the pro-life stance articulated by anti-abortion activists as hypocritical and untenable given the refusal of both church and state to recognize unmarried mothers and their children as deserving of the respect, dignity, and benefits extended to married mothers, or to hold men equally responsible for illegitimacy and perceived immorality. There was also a fundamental tension between the surface opposition to abortion and the fact that thousands of Irish women annually sought legal abortions in Britain. The referendum debate reflects the tension within Irish society between the traditional conservatism of the first half of the twentieth century and the "liberal" trends that accompanied Ireland's entry into the European Economic Community. From the 1960s on, Ireland was exposed to "foreign" feminist principles and cultural influences that challenged traditional assumptions about women's appropriate social roles and that began to undermine the church's moral authority.2 The abortion referendum movement represented both a retreat into conservatism and a backlash against the feminism inherent in some of the legislative initiatives of the 1970s.3 On the eve of the abortion referendum, Irish women's existence increasingly extended beyond the "traditional" arenas of home and church, but they continued to be defined by church and state leaders in maternal terms that reflected adherence to Catholic moral principles and the "sanctity of the family" enshrined in the 1937 Irish Constitution. The language of the amendment was ambiguous in its protection of women's rights, appeared to value the potential life of the fetus more highly than the actual life of the mother, and suggested that referendum supporters still viewed married motherhood as a woman's most legitimate and important social function.4 In spite of the apparent liberalism of the 1960s and 1970s, Ireland remained a "Catholic country": the overwhelming majority of Irish people subscribed to the Catholic faith and regarded themselves as practicing Catholics.' Most people also continued to accept the principle of Catholic moral authority, even if some men, and women in particular, were beginning to exercise an individual conscience where their own sexual and reproductive activities were concerned. Two events in 1984, the death of Ann Lovett and the "Kerry babies" scandal, shattered the complacency of a society that had rarely questioned its moral underpinnings, and brought firmly into focus the schisms between the "old" and "new" Irelands. Their occurrence within months of each other, and on the heels of the 1983 abortion referendum, represented a pivotal moment in the tension between the Catholic conservatism that prevailed into the 1960s and the slow transition to liberalism that first became evident in the 1960s and 1970s. The death of Ann Lovett and the "Kerry babies" affair facilitated a public airing of these tensions and conflicts-between the image of Catholic Ireland that prevailed at the national level, and the realities of moral and sexual behaviors and attitudes at the local level; between those segments of Irish society who embraced the changes of the 1960s and 1970s, and those who found them frightening and threatening; between blind faith and individual conscience; and between the right and responsibility of the community to regulate the behavior of its members, and the individual's right to privacy. In January 1984, Ann Lovett, a fifteen-year-old convent schoolgirl, gave birth outdoors, in a grotto dedicated to the Virgin Mary, in Granard, County Longford. According to postmortem reports, Lovett's baby was stillborn, having died of asphyxia in the process of childbirth. Lovett later died of exposure and hemorrhage after spending over four hours lying on the cold, damp ground, unprotected from the wind and driving rain. Lovett's death shocked and saddened people in her community and throughout the country. Those close to her claimed ignorance of her pregnancy and insisted that every aid would have been extended had they known. An inquest revealed that many people did, in fact, know that Lovett was pregnant but believed it to be none of their business. 08/27/2007 07:08 PM Literature Online Criticism & Reference: Full Text Page 3 of 13 http://lion.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R01623087&divLevel=0&area=abell&forward=critref_ft Rumors circulated through the town that Lovett's pregnancy was the result of incest, although these rumors have never been confirmed.6 Lovett's pregnancy and death confronted small-town Irish society with a host of issues that were not new in the 1980s: incest, teenage sexuality, and unwed motherhood. What was new in 1984 was the very public way that the community was forced, by one young girl's personal and painful dilemma, to wrestle with how it defined right and wrong, inclusion and exclusion, punished transgressions from the norm, and negotiated the limits of a community's responsibility for its most vulnerable members. Two-and-a-half months later, in April 1984, the stabbed and badly beaten body of a baby boy was found washed up on a beach in Cahirciveen, County Kerry. The grisly discovery sparked a countywide investigation that reverberated throughout the nation. The "Kerry babies" case, as it became known, captured the Irish imagination the way few events in recent years had, inspiring a film, several books, and countless pages of newspaper commentary. The reference to "Kerry babies" refers to two babies found within fifty miles and one week of each other: the baby washed up on the beach in Cahirciveen, and Joanne Hayes's baby, discovered on her farm in Abbeydorney, County Kerry. Joanne Hayes, the woman at the center of the garda (police)7 investigation, became a feminist symbol of what happens when a woman transgresses the codes of moral and maternal behavior established by the Roman Catholic Church and the Irish state. Hayes, an unmarried woman, became pregnant by a married man. She gave birth at home to what she claimed was a stillborn child. Although forensic evidence confirmed that Hayes was not the mother of the baby discovered at Cahirciveen, nor was there evidence that she had murdered her own baby, nonetheless she was vilified by a government tribunal as a woman of loose morals and as a baby killer. In spite of the fact that her behavior violated even "liberal" notions of sexual morality, Hayes was supported by her family and community in a way that Lovett was not, and this was in part a function of her family's standing and reputation in the town. The Ann Lovett and Kerry babies episodes were noteworthy because they created a space, for the first time in Irish history, for a wide-scale discussion of the issues that increasingly divided Irish society into "conservative" and "liberal" camps, and it was the media that facilitated and fueled the discussion. Through the media the finger of blame was pointed at the people of Granard, and people in Kerry and around the country expressed their outrage at the abuse of power and invasion of privacy perpetuated by the Kerry babies tribunal. The public reaction to Lovett's death was sensitive, self-conscious, and inward looking. People in Granard and around the country were forced to consider the extent to which Lovett's circumstances resulted from her marginalization both by prevailing attitudes toward sexual morality and unmarried motherhood, and by local conceptualizations of respectability and community responsibility. On the other hand, the women and men who pr


C.W. operation of GaAs Schottky-barrier Read-type IMPATT-diode oscillators is reported. These devices exhibited efficiences from 20 to 24% with output powers of 2 ~ 3 W c.w. in the Ku-band. The best efficiency was 24%, with an output power of 1.8 W c.w., while the maximum output power was 3.2 W c.w., with an efficiency of 20.7% at frequencies near 14 GHz.


Once upon a time, your parents hovered over you as you attempted your first wobbly steps. Now, you stay close by as they take their own wobbly steps on walkers and canes.


To improve the focus performance of middle-sized color picture tube (CPT) and suit to the trend of low cost, a new type of electron gun for 64 cm CPT is developed. The gun is based on the current gun used for the large screen CPT. The shield cup of large screen electron gun is of a horizontal slit structure which is difficult to be transplant to the middle-sized CPT. So we redesign the shield cup subassembly by adding a field controller and correct electrodes. The redesigned gun can be used for the 64 cm CPT with no coma-free deflection yoke. The new design improves the focus performance and almost need no extra cost.


Objective
To analyze the value of PRNCR1 in the early diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Methods
From January 2012 to October 2015, the prostate cancer (n=45) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (n=88) tissues of surgical group were enrolled into PRNCR1 group and RNA test.

Results
The sensitivity of the 84.4%(38/45) PRNCR1 RNA test, specificity 90.9%(80/88), positive predictive value 82.6%(38/46), and negative predictive value of 92% (80/87), the coincidence rate was 88.7%(118/133), PRNCR1 in prostate cancer was higher than that of adjacent tissues and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Within 2 years, tumor recurrence and metastasis object of 30 death cases of PRNCR1 cells was higher than that of 2 years without recurrence, metastasis, the object of 15 death cases, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).

Conclusions
The expression of PRNCR1 is valuable in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and the high expression of PRNCR1 is associated with poor prognosis.

Key words:
Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA; Prognosis


Background: miR-140 is a critical regulator of cartilage development and homeostasis. Results: The proximal upstream region of miR-140 has in vivo chondrogenic promoter activity and an L-Sox5/Sox6/Sox9 (Sox trio) response element. Conclusion: We reveal that L-Sox5 and Sox6 control miR-140 expression together with Sox9. Significance: Uncovering molecular mechanisms of chondrogenesis has implications for cartilage repair and restoration of tissue function. Sox9 plays a critical role in early chondrocyte initiation and promotion as well as repression of later maturation. Fellow Sox family members L-Sox5 and Sox6 also function as regulators of cartilage development by boosting Sox9 activation of chondrocyte-specific genes such as Col2a1 and Agc1; however, the regulatory mechanism and other target genes are largely unknown. MicroRNAs are a class of short, non-coding RNAs that act as negative regulators of gene expression by promoting target mRNA degradation and/or repressing translation. Analysis of genetically modified mice identified miR-140 as a cartilage-specific microRNA that could be a critical regulator of cartilage development and homeostasis. Recent findings suggest Sox9 promotes miR-140 expression, although the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study we demonstrate that the proximal upstream region of pri-miR-140 has chondrogenic promoter activity in vivo. We found an L-Sox5/Sox6/Sox9 (Sox trio) response element and detailed binding site in the promoter region. Furthermore, detailed analysis suggests the DNA binding and/or transactivation ability of Sox9 as a homodimer is boosted by L-Sox5 and Sox6. These findings provide new insight into cartilage-specific gene regulation by the Sox trio.


The present volume reproduces two still unsurpassed accounts of the flourish and eventual decline of Hebrew linguistic scholarship covering the period from the 10th to the 16th century, at a time when Christian scholars and theologians – as a result of the Reformation with its emphasis on the authority of the Bible – began to study Hebrew. These studies are Wilhelm Bacher's Die Anfange der hebraischen Grammatik (Leipzig 1895) and Die hebraische Sprachwissenschaft vom X. bus zum XVI. Jahrhundert (Trier 1892). In addition, this volume contains a bibliography of Bacher's writings, compiled by his pupil and successor Ludwig Blau and supplemented in 1928 by Denes Friedman, and an introductory article by Jack Fellman.


The ethanol production by fermentation of sweet-stalk sorghum juice is affected by the juice composition and the capability of the yeast strain to ferment it. Eight yeast strains were tested on their growth and ethanol fermentation abilities in sweet-stalk sorghum juices extracted from three cultivars of sweet sorghum. The best specific growth rate of the yeast strains grown aerobically in the yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) broth and the sweet-stalk sorghum juices of KCS105, FS501, and FS902 cultivars, were achieved by OUT7903, OUT7913, OUT7903, and OUT7027 yeast strains, respectively. However, the best specific CO2 evolution rate of the yeast strain during fermentation of the juices was achieved by OUT7027 yeast strains. The highest ethanol concentration, ethanol yield, and sugar conversion efficiency (SCE) were obtained by strain OUT7921 when it was employed to ferment sweet-stem sorghum juice of FS902 cultivar. It was also observed that the juice extracted from sweet-stalk sorghum of FS902 cultivar is the most suitable medium for all yeast strains to achieve their best fermentation abilities. Thus, it is likely that the growth and ethanol production ability of a yeast strain in sweet-stalk sorghum juice depend on the physiological responses of the yeasts to nutrient composition of the sorghum juice and the sorghum cultivar from which the juice was extracted. Key words : Sweet-stalk sorghum juice, ethanol, fermentation, yeast


Long term results after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are disappointing because the disease tends to recur. In this study, the authors assessed prognostic factors affecting long term outcome, in the hope that these factors might be used in selecting HCC patients for surgery.


The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the first world source of vegetable fats, and as such it is generating a great amount of research efforts. In particular, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the setting up of the reproductive organs and their consecutive development in flowers and fruits appears essential in the perspective of improving oil production. The complexes formed by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are involved in an epigenetic memory system which represses the expression of developmental regulator genes in both animals and plants and thereby promotes phase changes. Among the PcG proteins, those involved in the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PCR2), i.e. the members of the ENHANCER OF ZESTE [E(Z)], SUPPRESSOR OF ZESTE 12 [SU(Z)12] and EXTRA SEX COMBS [ESC] superfamilies are known to act on the MADS-box genes controlling floral organogenesis through the formation of heterochromatin. The aim of the present project is 1) to identify the oil palm orthologues of the PcG genes and 2) to characterize their expression during inflorescence and fruit development. (Resume d'auteur)


The red deer (Cervus elaphus) population in Denmark became almost extinct in recent historical times due to over-hunting. The species has subsequently recovered within remote areas, but non-Danish individuals have been introduced at several localities. To assess genetic structure, past demographic history, and the possibility of a still existing original stock, we analysed 349 specimens from 11 geographically separate areas and from three enclosed areas, genotyping 11 microsatellite loci. Moreover, an 826-bp fragment of the control region of the mitochondrial DNA was sequenced for 116 recent specimens and seven museum specimens. There was a significant difference in mean expected heterozygosity (HE) between the three enclosed areas and the 11 unenclosed areas. Significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed in the three enclosed areas and in nine of the unenclosed areas. The overall degree of genetic differentiation among all 14 areas was significant (FST = 0.09, P < 0.01), primarily because the mean pairwise FST for the three enclosed areas was significantly higher than that for the 11 unenclosed areas. A Bayesian clustering procedure detected three genetically distinct populations and indicated reduced gene flow between the enclosed and unenclosed areas. The individuals in the unenclosed areas show genotypic mixture, presumably as a result of gene flow among them. Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations, based on the genealogical history of the microsatellite alleles, suggest a drastic decline in the effective population size of the enclosed areas some 188–474 years ago. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the recent specimens showed seven haplotypes. Individuals from the enclosed Jaegersborg Dyrehave contain haplotypes that occur all over Denmark and also are found in Western Europe. A close relationship between Scandinavian and Western European red deer is most likely. Only individuals from the unenclosed Lindenborg Estate and the enclosed Tofte Skov did not group with any other Danish individuals. As six of seven museum specimens had haplotypes also found in modern Danish samples, the current population of red deer in Denmark is genetically close to the original Danish red deer. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95, 688–701.


Objective To investigate the expressions of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) in gastric cancer and gastric precancerous ailment and their possible clinical significance.Methods The expressions of HSP27 and TFF2 were studied by immunohistochemical SABC method in 120 gastric specimens including 20 normal groups, 22 gastric ulcers (GU), 24 chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and 54 gastric cancers (GC),and the results were shown as average light density assayed by image analysis software.Results The аverage light density of HSP27 in normal group was lower than those in GU and CAG,and the difference of аverage light density between CAG and normal group had statistical significance (0.305±0.010) vs (0.278±0.011),P0.05.The аverаge light density of HSP27 in GC (0.318±0.022) was higher than those in other three groups (all P0.05).The expression of HSP27 was significantly associated with the cellular differentiation and lymph node metastasis(all P0.05).The аverage light of TFF2 in GU and CAG were higher than that in normal group(all P0.05),while the expression of TFF2 in GC was lower than those in other three groups (all P0.05).The expression of TFF2 was significantly associated with the cellular differentiation and the depth of tumor invasion(all P0.05).Conclusions HSP27 and TFF2 may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma. The detections of HSP27 and TFF2 can provide basis for diagnosis,evaluating prognosis and conducting cure of gastric cancer.


We present the design and characterization of a ground-based, zenith-pointing, 94 GHz FMCW Doppler radar demonstrator for cloud profiling. The radar uses an all solid-state and relatively simple homodyne architecture and two, low sidelobe 0.5 m diameter Fresnel zone plate antennas to reduce system costs. The low-phase noise, coherent radar employs a direct digital synthesis (DDS) chip for highly linear chirp generation. The design will be able to leverage ongoing future improvements in mm-wave low noise and power amplifier technology to maximize sensitivity. Once the radar is installed in a rooftop location, the processor will perform real-time range-Doppler measurements with averaging, to yield target velocity spectra as a function of altitude


Field materials from North Bali are presented to question conventional anthropological conceptions of culture and common practices in its analysis. The author argues that there is a need for anthropology to reshape Us assumptions, particularly in response to recent resexive and deconstructionist critiques. A revised set of assumptions is presented with regard to cultural meanings, sharing, positioning and function; and its fruitfulness in the analysis of cultural reproduction in Bali is explored.


A series of sulfur-doped microporous carbon materials were prepared by directly using potassium hydroxide as the activating agent. The specific surface area and pore volume of the sample CKS-5 (activated at 800 °C for 180 min according to an alkali/carbon ratio of 4:1) reached 2088 m2/g and 1.240 cm3/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of N2, CH4, and CO2 on five samples were determined by a volumetric method to obtain insight into the relationship between adsorption performance and porosity. CSK-5 with a developed pore structure exhibited a higher adsorption amount of CO2 and CH4 at high pressure. For the selectivity, the CS sample presented the highest selectivity for CO2/CH4, of which the selectivity of separation reached as high as 5.86. The highest selectivity of separation of CH4/N2 (3.644) was present on CSK-7.


Implantable cardioverter/defibrillator devices use different algorithms to recognize ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation from sinus rhythm. However problems remain, especially differentiating physiologic high rhythms from life threatening situations. In order to test detection abilities of different methods, off-line analysis was performed in time (rate counting, autocorrelation function, statistical methods) and in frequency (digital fast Fourier transform) domains on bipolar electrograms that were obtained in 28 patients during the implantation of an automatic defibrillator. Tachycardia and fibrillation were induced and recordings made of the ECG, right ventricular electrogram and aortic pressure. Results showed that even simple methods perform equally well compared to calculation intensive methods.<<ETX>>


Conventional cerebral angiography is essential for achieving the diagnosis of Moyamoya disease . It is, however , an invasive examinati くm , especially for the pediatric patients. In this paper , we report on the results of an investigation as to"アhether MRA is able to accurately visualize the sten ぐ)−occlusive changes in the carotid fork and the basa】moyamoya vessels less invasively, Twenty patients among them 16 children , who were diagnosed as having Moyamoya disease with conventional angiography underwent MRI and MRA using a l.5T MR unit (Signa, G, E.), Angiographically ,37 sides were determined to be in stage 3. MRA was performed using two −dimentional time −of −flight(2D −TOF ),3D −TOF ,and gadplinium (Gd )−enhanced 3D−TOF methods , The 3D −TOF MRAs showed almost equal sensitivity to that of corlventional angiography for the detection of steno −occlusive changes in the carotid fork, However , it was difflcult to visualize the moyamoya vessels clearly . Further,3D −TOF ,2D −TOF , and Gd −enhanced 3D−TOF methods depicted the moyamoya vessels in 65%,79%,and 80% of the examineCl sides , respectively , In contrast , MRI visualized the moyamoya vessels as multiple flow voids in the basal ganglia in 380f 40 sides (95%), Based on the above findings , it thus was cぐ)nchlded that approximately 90% of the stage 3 Moyamoya disease cases co ω d be diagnosed by a combination of 3D−TOF MRA and MRI without the use of conventional angiogra − phy、 (Received October 14,1994;accepted February 10,1995) Key wolzts time −of−flight MR angiography , moyamoya disease , diagn 〔〕sis Jpn J Neurosurg (Tokyo) 4 :458−464, 1995


In this work, we develop a general gauge-invariant theory for AC heat current through multi-probe systems. Using the non-equilibrium Green's function, a general expression for time-dependent electrothermal admittance is obtained where we include the internal potential due to the Coulomb interaction explicitly. We show that the gauge-invariant condition is satisfied for heat current if the self-consistent Coulomb interaction is considered. It is known that the Onsager relation holds for dynamic charge conductance. We show in this work that the Onsager relation for electrothermal admittance is violated, except for a special case of a quantum dot system with a single energy level. We apply our theory to a nano capacitor where the Coulomb interaction plays an essential role. We find that, to the first order in frequency, the heat current is related to the electrochemical capacitance as well as the phase accumulated in the scattering event.


The study of instructional time in classrooms and in physical education has a long history with several modifications along the way. Tracing this history, starting with its roots in models of the classroom teaching process, helps to explain why instructional time has gained the interest of so many in physical education. Instructional time is generally studied with the goal of learning more about and improving the teaching process. The historical perspective increases awareness that research on instructional time will be most valuable when integrated with findings from the study of other variables affecting the teaching/learning process in the physical education setting.


Background Synovitis in inflammatory osteoarthritis (OA) is driven by locally released DAMPs like S100A8/A9 proteins that have been shown to enhance joint destruction. S100A8/A9 induce ROS (reactive oxygen species) release by phagocytes in OA synovium via the NADPH-oxidase 2 (NOX2)-complex. Assembly of this complex is dependent on the neutrophils cytosolic factor (Ncf1). In this complex, the NOX2 protein is responsible for ROS production. Objectives In the present study we investigated whether NOX2-derived ROS are involved in joint pathology during collagenase-induced OA (CiOA). Methods CiOA was induced in knee joints of wild type (WT) and Ncf1-deficient (Ncf1*/*) mice. Synovial gene expression of NOX2-subunits was measured with qRT-PCR. Joint pathology was assessed using histology and antibodies against aggrecan neo-epitope VDIPEN. Levels of inflammatory proteins were measured with Luminex or ELISA. Phagocytes present in synovium, blood, bone marrow and spleen were analysed with flow cytometry. Extracellular ROS production by bone marrow-derived phagocytes was measured using an Amplex Red ROS detection assay. Results CiOA induction in knee joints of WT mice caused significantly increased synovial gene expression of NOX2 subunits. On day 7 of CiOA, synovial thickening, synovial S100A8/A9 levels and synovial percentages of inflammatory macrophages, PMNs, and monocytes were comparable between WT and Ncf1*/* mice. Cartilage damage and MMP activity, as measured by VDIPEN staining, were comparable, as well as levels of inflammatory mediators in serum and phagocyte percentages in blood, bone marrow and spleen. On day 42 of CiOA, synovitis, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation in Ncf1*/* mice were unaltered when compared to WT mice. ROS production by Ncf1*/* PMNs was completely absent but Ncf1*/* macrophages, the more predominant phagocyte involved in development of pathology during CiOA, produced ROS in similar amounts as WT macrophages. Ncf1 deficiency thus seems to exclusively affect PMNs, this surprising finding might explain the lack of differences observed between CiOA development in WT and Ncf1*/* mice. ROS production by WT and Ncf1*/* macrophages was strongly upregulated by S100A8 and almost completely inhibited by the pan-NOX inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). In order to determine whether NOX1 complexes caused the compensation responsible for Ncf1 independent ROS production, we co-stimulated Ncf1*/* macrophages with NOX1-specific inhibitor ML171. However, no ML171-induced inhibition of ROS production was observed. Conclusions Absence of PMN-derived ROS does not alter synovitis and joint pathology in S100A8/A9-driven experimental inflammatory OA. The mechanism that enables Ncf1-independent ROS production by macrophages should be further investigated. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Mandated compensation disclosures provide important information for investors and may play a governance role in reducing excessive compensation and disciplining management. We utilize SEC evaluations of compensation disclosures mandated by rules adopted in 2006 to investigate whether noncompliance with the new regulations is associated with excessive CEO compensation, previous media attention, or proprietary costs. We also test whether subsequent CEO compensation is associated with the level of noncompliance identified by these publicized SEC reviews. We construct several measures of defective disclosures from SEC comment letters and find that disclosure defects are positively associated with excess CEO compensation and media criticism of CEO compensation during the previous year. We find no evidence supporting the contention that compensation disclosure defects are associated with proprietary costs. Furthermore, we present some evidence that the level of defects in pay-for-performance disclosures identified by the SEC is associated with a reduction in excess CEO compensation in the subsequent year.


Pear is a typical fruit tree of gametophytic self-incompatibility(GSI).This characteristic results in low yield under the condition of natural pollination,so it is necessary to arrange varieties for pollination or to perform artificial pollination to increase the yield.Classifying pear S-genotypes is useful for breeding programs and help to the selection of suitable pollina-tors.Using a pair of primers specific to pear S-RNases,PCR amplification from genomic DNAs of six Chinese pear cultivars was carried out.Then the PCR products were extracted,cloned and sequenced.The amplified fragments were assigned to their respective S-RNases by Blast analysis.The S-genotypes of the six tested self-incompatible cultivars were identified as follows: Baozhu(S22S42),Banjinsu(S5S21),Zhangyechangba(S19S22),Guidechangba(S19S22),and Shuidonggua(S15S45).S45-RNase was deposited in GenBank under the accession number of EF643634.S45 showed the highest similar to S26 in the amino acid sequence.But there was five-amino-acid differenec in the hyper variable regions(HV) between S45 and S26.


The article deals with the main features of existential sentences in English, Azerbaijani and Russian languages. The author makes such an inference that the existential sentences are of universal nature from semantic point of view. The article mentions the specific features inherent to existential sentences. Taking into account that the existential sentences in English and Russian have been studied in some extent, the author has focused attention mostly on the existential sentences in the Azerbaijani language. The author thinks that the existential sentences have not been the object of a separate study. Some issues here are approached from the point of view of the word order, some others are approached from the point of view of nominative sentences. The verbs olmaq and var play an important role in the formation of existential sentences in Azerbaijani. According to the author, the studied issue acquires a certain importance from the point of view of general and typologial linguistics and from the point of view of teaching foreign languages.As is known Engilish and Russian belong to Indo-European language family ,but Azerbaijani - to Turkic languages.That's why


Reeds and Shepp (1990) studied the problem of finding the shortest feasible path for a car-like robot between two points in configuration space. We extend their results to find the shortest feasible path between a point and a manifold in configuration space. Our approach is based on the Lagrange method for optimizing a function while constrained to a manifold. Solving the problem analytically is much faster than numerical dis cretization techniques. In addition to providing insight into the underlying structure of Reeds and Shepp paths, this research has many applications in path planning. Planning algorithms often rely on the notion of clearance from obstacles, and for car-like mobile robots, clearance is closely related to the length of the shortest feasible path to an obstacle. In addition, one may want to bring the robot to a predefined path (such as a skeleton). Skeletonization and potential field methods are two examples of planning paradigms where our algorithm would prove useful.


Although the philosophy (as well as the whole movement) of Enlightenment was
 born in the Netherlands and England in the late 17th and early 18th century,
 there were considerable problems in defying the freedom. By the mid 18th
 century, under the influence of "national mercantilism" (Max Weber), the
 freedom was perceived in more and more collective terms, giving bith to the
 political option of national liberalism. That is why in the second half of
 18th century this two countries have been progresively loosing importance for
 the movement of Enlightenment and two new countries emerged at its leading
 position, striving for democratic liberalism: United States of America and
 France. However, individual freedom faced not one, but two dangers during its
 philosophical and institutional development in the Age of Enlightenment: on
 the one hand, the danger of wanishing in the national freedom, and, on the
 other hand, the danger of becoming unbound and (self)destructive. The
 emerging (national) liberalism in England in the 18th century witnessed the
 first danger, while the second danger appeared in the wake of the Franch
 revolution. The French were the first in the Modern epohe to realise that the
 light of freedom is to powerful to be used without considerable precaussions
 in the establishement of liberal civil society. Therefore, some moderation
 hat to be taken into consideration. The idea of humanity, i.e. human rights,
 was at the end found as most helpful in solving the task of preserving
 individual freedom, without sacrifying social bonds between free
 individuals.


The early African writers have been accused of using negative portraitures to project African women in ways that subordinate them to their men counterpart. This study closely investigated this perception using the language of narratives as the object of analysis. It is a lexical analysis that adopts comparative frequency analysis of male and female characters and their pronominal referents; analysis of character's identity projection patterns; and analysis of comparative masculine-feminine gender semantic prosodies. Five works of Chinua Achebe: Things Fall Apart, A Man of the People, Arrow of God, No Longer at Ease, and The Anthills of the Savannah were used for the study. The result shows that male characters are more frequently projected than female characters; the narrator consistently foregrounds the identities of male characters by presenting them mostly either by direct names or a combination of names with appositional information; whereas the identities of female characters are often suppressed by presenting them with descriptions and appositional information. The comparative character identity projection pattern connotes male characters' visibility and female characters' facelessness across texts. Both masculine and feminine genders were also presented in ways that make them to have different semantic prosodies. While the masculine gender was projected to have positive semantic prosody, the feminine gender was projected to have negative semantic prosody across texts. The paper concludes that Chinua Achebe's P. 136 www.jecaoauife.com Journal of English and Communication in Africa Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018 narrative style that consistently projects the masculine gender as visible, domineering, strong and brave, but the feminine gender as faceless, subservient, weak and inconsequential. Introduction A great number of scholars of African literature and modern literary critics are concurrent in their averment that African literature (that is, plays, poems and narratives written by Africans) is awash with works that project the masculine gender as strong and domineering, and the feminine gender as weak and subservient (Fonchingong, 2006). Against this background, the early African writers, most of whom were male, were constantly accused of pro-masculine gender bias in reactionary critiques (e.g. Davies, 1994; Smit, 1996; Kolawole, 1997; Chukukere, 1995) and a body of emerging female-authored profemale literary works where the feminine gender is being systematically and more positively re-textualised (e.g. Elechi Amadi's The Concubine (1966); Flora Nwapa's Efuru (1996). It can be argued that the perceived under-representation of the feminine gender in most African literary works has been largely subjective and impressionistic. Such arguments are rather premised on concrete and empirical facts, with some comparative phenomenal quantification. In other words, how do we, more scientifically, argue that women are underrepresented in Things Fall Apart or A Man of the People? How do we argue that women are presented as weak in any African novel in concrete terms rather than impressionistic and subjective terms? It is the issue of empiricism and objectivity in literary analysis from the angle of the literary language that this study aims to address. The study is therefore a close examination of some African literary works with focus on lexical resources and authorial lexical selections, with a view to getting useful insights into the role and status of women, as well as the societal perceptions about women during the pre and post-colonial Africa. If literature is, truly, a mirror of the society (Hall, 1961), then such literary works should be reflective of societal norms, P. 137 www.jecaoauife.com Journal of English and Communication in Africa Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018 beliefs and practices at any given time and should be veritable resources for synchronic and diachronic scholarly investigations. In other words, language is the vehicle through which literature does its work. A study like this is therefore interested more in how language has been used to achieve narrative objectives and authorial intentions. The issue of gender, that is, the perception of the society about females, the role and status of women, etc. compared to their male counterpart has continued to attract increased scholarly attention in African literature. The focus on this critical issue is two-fold: the under-representation of African women in African literary works and the exclusion of the contributions of African women to the development of African literature (Stratton, 1994). African literature, like other types of literature, reflects the happenings in the society, in this case, the African society. The ethno-diversities and multi-cultural nature of Africa as a distinct continent inevitably lead to the heterogeneity of its literature, since there are many African experiences and many verbal expressions of them (Julien, 1995). According to Julien (1995), African literature can be categorised along the rubrics of region (such as West Africa, East Africa, South Africa, etc.), all of which have both historical and environmental distinctions; ethnicity (such as The Yoruba, Igbo, Mende, etc.); language of expression (Anglophone, Francophone, Hausa, Swahili, etc.), genre (poetry, drama, prose) and some other related criteria. One of the major thematic pre-occupations of African writers in the 20th Century is the issue of colonialism and selfrepresentation. A plethora of literary works are focused on this theme, with such works as Achebe's Things Fall Apart (1958) and Arrow of God (1964); Ngugi wa Thiong'o's Weep Not, Child (1964), The River Between (1965), A Grain of Wheat (1967); Soyinka's Death and the King's Horsemen (1975), etc. as few examples. Julien aptly captures the motivation for the emergence of African literature around this time with her averment that P. 138 www.jecaoauife.com Journal of English and Communication in Africa Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018 African narrative and poetry, in the era immediately preceding and following formal declarations of independence, were born, for the most part, in protest against history and myths constructed in conjunction with the colonial enterprise. Writers struggled to correct false images, to rewrite fictionally and poetically the history of precolonial and colonial Africa, and to affirm African perspectives. (Julien, 1995, p.297) In their various attempts to self-represent their continent and nationalities, African writers were sub-consciously projecting the various cultural peculiarities and aspects of social lives to the external world for various interests including scholarship. One of such cultural peculiarities is the patriarchal way of life that is prevalent in most African societies, a system that clearly indexes asymmetry of roles and status between the masculine and feminine gender. This cultural peculiarity has provoked quite a number of research questions around the identity and status of the African woman in real life and as projected in African literary texts. Oloruntoba-Oju and Oloruntoba-Oju (2013, p.5) note that the African representations in the early post-colonial African literature were unwitting continuations of European negative image of the African, in which the African woman was projected in various negative forms including 'jural minors' living under the tutelage first of fathers, then of husbands; great overgrown women, mothers of families, naked as when born, and quite unconscious of the disgust which their appearance excited. Scholars have attempted to trace the origin of the asymmetry of roles and status between the masculine and feminine gender in African literature in a number of ways. Kolawole (1997) attributes this to the early African male writers who deliberately projected the African females in ways that subordinate them to their male counterparts. For Chukukere (1995), the female characters were projected on the basis of their traditional roles and status as wives and mothers in real life, and P. 139 www.jecaoauife.com Journal of English and Communication in Africa Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018 the degree of recognition and respect largely depends on how such female characters are able to excel in the performances of these traditional roles. Oloruntoba-Oju and Oloruntoba-Oju (2013) posit that the pictorial projection and social classification of the African female in the colonial and African narratives of "the Senghorian and négritude tradition entailed the sole identification of women with essentially biological, or sex-related roles" (p. 6); and submit that such colonial and early African narratives were mainly characterised by essentialism, biological dimorphism and gender binaries, all in favour of the African male characters. Ogundipe-Leslie (1994) ties the characteristic underrepresentation of African women in African literature to the prevalent culture and tradition in Africa, which institutionalises female subordination to their male counterpart in the society. Onwuka (2007), cited in Jegede (2009), was reported to have posited that in early African literary works, the male writers were "too preoccupied with themselves to remember women while the few writers like Cyprian Ekwensi who portrayed women did so in bad light" (Jegede, 2009, p. 251). The under-representation or negative representation of the African woman in African literature has been proved in different ways by different scholars and critics. Fonchingong (2006) uses Achebe's Things Fall Apart and Arrow of God, and Elechi Amadi's The Concubine to prove the presentation of the early African women as "victims of a society regulated by cultural norms and traditional values" (p. 137), and to show women (citing Strong-Leek, 2001) as being "indoctrinated to envision the world from a patriarchal perspective" (p. 138). Adeyemi and Ajibade (2009) concentrated on three novels written by Yoruba (African) writers (that is, Bode Akinol


Abstract : The project entitled Toxicity Evaluation of Engineered Nanomaterials: Portable In Vitro Chamber to Study Realistic Occupational Exposure in Biological Systems focused on developing a fundamental understanding of the interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with biological molecules and provides instrumentation and field methodology design to mimic realistic exposure scenarios to predict the toxicological effects of engineered NMs upon occupational human exposure. Although many studies are being conducted to investigate the toxicity of NMs, traditional techniques do not mimic realistic exposures, which can yield contradictory and inconclusive lab experimental results. This study describes the methodology necessary for mimicking realistic NM exposure, in addition to in situ NM characterization and toxicity kinetics and mechanisms. The final objective is to collect relevant toxicological data to support high accuracy predictive power for human risk assessment.


As a kind of productivity,design plays an important role in propelling the development of regional economy in each country.It is the result of combination of material civilization and spiritual civilization as well as a milestone of the development of science and culture in a country.Nowadays,people pay more and more attention to the added value of the production brought by the packing design,but great misunderstanding exists in their thought,which causes unhealthy designing phenomenon,such as over packing,environmental pollution,fawn on customs,aimless imitation,and so on.How to combine packing aesthetics and industrial value with environmental protection is the focus of academic circles and also the new increasing point of packing industry.At the same time,the packing material manufacturing technique and how to reduce environmental pollution have become a concerned problem all over the world.Looking for new material and new technique,reducing the man-made pollution for the environment and protecting against the secondary environmental pollution caused by the added value of the production have become urgent subjects that require the joint efforts of the packing industry.This paper analyzes the reasons for the above phenomena based on the problems in packing design and mainly demonstrates the important conditions in seeking for sustainable development in the packing design from the perspective of nationalization,humanism,immateriality and greenness.At the same time,this paper also puts forward the responding plan to solve these problems,which is helpful in setting up healthy packing design philosophy,guiding it to a sustainable development direction.


The operating parameter setting method based on data model was proposed for textile slashing process where the operating parameter optimization setting is difficult to be realized for various production specifications,material states and operating conditions.The size add-on prediction model was established by the known operating parameters and size add-on data.An inverse neural network model was established where the size add-on was taken as the input variable and the operating parameter was chosen as the output variable.The operating parameter setting values to satisfy the desired size add-on were calculated by the inverse neural network model,and the calculated operating parameter setting values were verified by the size add-on prediction model.The results show that the proposed operating parameter setting method based on data model is effective.


High-frequency responsive electrochemical capacitor (EC), which can convert alternating current (AC) in the circuit to direct current (DC), is an ideal filtering capacitor with lightweight superiority to replace the bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC). However, current electrodes are difficult to achieve high energy density and high-frequency response properties simultaneously, primarily due to the electrode structure dilemmas of maximizing the electrode area or accelerating the ion transport. Herein, strictly vertical graphene arrays (SVGAs) directly prepared by electric-field-assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition have been successfully designed as the main electrode material of ECs to ensure the ions rapidly adsorb/desorb within the richly available surface spaces. The SVGAs exhibit an excellent specific areal capacitance of 1.72 mF‧cm− 2 at Φ120 = 80.6° even after 500,000 cycles in the aqueous ECs, which is far better than that of most quasi-vertical electrodes and carbon-related materials. Impressively, the output voltage could also be improved to 2.5 V when using the organic electrolyte, and an ultra-high energy density of 4.75 mF‧V2‧cm− 2 at Φ120 = 80.6° can also be handily achieved. Moreover, both aqueous and organic ECs-SVGAs can well smooth arbitrary AC waveforms into DC signals, indicating that ECs-SVGAs have colossal potentials to replace outmoded AECs.


This article provides a comparative analysis of the HR practices of American, Japanese and German companies. The starting point is an investigation of the managerial, economic, socio-political and cultural contexts of the three HR systems. It will be demonstrated that the socio-economic contextual factors of the American and Japanese HR systems are in many ways at opposite ends of the spectrum, with the German factors in between. Subsequently, the three HR systems themselves are analysed. The data show that the same pattern, USA and Japan at the extremes and Germany taking a middle position, is valid also for the HR systems. This suggests that the relevant socio-economic context is highly pertinent for the establishment of an HR system. This outcome does not exclude either the integration of HR practices from a foreign HR model into the domestic one or standardisation efforts of HR practices of multinational companies, but confines the potential for cross-cultural learning and standardisation to what is within the 'fit' of the relevant socio-cultural context.


Hexakis(4-oxazolinophenoxy)cyclophosphazene, a multifunctional cyclophosphazene derivatives containing six pending oxazoline groups, was prepared by reacting hexachlorocyclo-phosphazene with 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline. The resulting trimer was successively treated with carboxylic group-containing molecules (4-benzoyl-benzoic acid) and macromolecules (polyethylene terephthalate) to produce a novel photoinitiator and a polymer having higher molecular weight and improved mechanical properties, respectively.


This paper compares additive (residual) phase noise of linear and highly saturated high-efficiency MESFET and HBT 10 GHz power amplifiers (PA). A custom discriminator measurement system is developed to characterize the PAs and exhibits a phase noise floor of -164dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset for a 10 GHz fundamental. The additive phase noise measurements show a phase noise of -120dBc@1kHz for the class-E MESFET PA, a roughly 10-dB increase when compared to the class-A PA with the same device. The HBT amplifier exhibited nearly the same phase noise in class-E and linear class-A