We propose a new energy‐based method to construct rupture scenarios for anticipated megathrust earthquakes by using an interseismic slip‐deficit model. Our method bridges the gap between two well‐known approaches, namely, kinematic and dynamic modeling. We construct the source model as a static‐slip distribution, greatly reducing the computational load, and then examine whether the model follows the mechanics of faulting from the perspective of the energy balance of fault rupture. To quantify the energy balance, we introduce "residual energy," which is defined as the difference between the strain energy released by the fault slip and the energy dissipated on the fault. Positive residual energy is a necessary condition for earthquake generation, which means that even if slip deficits accumulate, an earthquake does not occur unless the strain energy accumulation exceeds the dissipated energy. We apply the method to interplate earthquakes in the Nankai trough subduction zone, southwest Japan. Assuming a stress accumulation time of 150 years, 5 out of 10 scenarios meet the necessary condition, and one of these models can explain the crustal deformation of a historical Nankai earthquake. The significant amount of strain energy released by a rupture off Cape Muroto makes the scenario involving rupture of the whole subduction zone possible. The estimation of residual energy suggests that fault ruptures reaching the Nankai trough require more strain energy than buried ruptures. All of the scenarios eventually meet the condition, because the strain energy increases more with time than the fracture energy predicted from empirical scaling relationships.


Abstract
 Overbeek et al. (1954) defined plant hormones as 'regulators produced by plants, which in low concentrations regulate plant physiological processes. Hormones usually move within the plant from a site of production to a site of action'. Plant hormones can exert their influence on tissues in the site of origin/production - mainly meristems and growing fruits - or they can be translocated to sites far removed from their origin/production (Rademacher, 2015). Plant hormones enable plants to react to internal and external stimuli and include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Brassinosteroids, jasmonates, salicylic acid, polyamines and florigen are currently considered hormones.


Objective To observe the occurrence rate of amenorrhea in female schizophrenia patients after taking untypical antipsychotic drugs.Method The patients were treated with five different types of untypical antipsychotic drugs.The data of the schizophrenia patients with self made questionnaire before and after drugs taken for 4 weeks were collected,the occurrence rate of amenorrhea and prolactin(PRL) level in serum of the patients among different drug groups were compared with statistical method.Results Three hundred and eight-six in-patients in Shunde Wuzhongpei Memory Hospital(June 2006 to October 2007) were enrolled in this study.The total 386 patients were divided into 5 groups according to the different drugs taken.The serum prolactin level were raised in the five different drug groups.The occurrence rate of menorrhea in each drug group revealed by our observation were listed as follows: Risperidone 25.38%(n=98),Olanzapine 18.91%(n=73),Qutiepine 19.71%(n=74),Aripiprazone 20.73%(n=80),Ziprasidone 15.80%(n=61).The total occurrence rate of menorrhea of the five groups was 17.4%.Conclusion Amenorrhea can caused by untypical antipsychotic drugs.In our study,the prolactin levels in the serum all raise higher after using antipsychotic drugs in 4 weeks,and the average amenorrhea rates in the four drug groups are all above 10%.Among them,risperidone and olanzapine rank much more higher.


Interdisciplinary dental rehabilitation should be contemplated as a long-term solution for esthetic and functional dental rehabilitation of patients. Various guidelines for performing periodontally compatible restorative dentistry have been reviewed here. Using these basic guidelines, restorative care can be used to directly aid periodontal treatment by restoring an esthetically pleasing, and stable dentition. This article addresses interactions between periodontal tissues and restorative procedures. Perio Restorative Interface: A Review


Preface: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) (also known as Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease) is a broad – term / blanket – term that describes a group of as many as 200 chronic progressive lung disorders that share similar characteristics of alveolar septal thickening, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition and, most often, pulmonary scarring (fibrosis). This set of disorders can further be classified as acute or chronic, primary or secondary, secondary to a known cause or of unknown causes (idiopathic), granulomatous or non-granulomatous, etc... Interstitial Lung Disease is also sometimes synonymously referred to as pulmonary fibrosis, but not all ILD's are fibrotic in nature.


Figure 4 shows the slope of the total noise graph obtained at each position, below choking. The figures indicate the value of N in the expression noise intensity OC Vj where Vt is the jet shear velocity. Figure 5 shows the values of N obtained above choking, which were very much greater; noise levels up to 162 dB above 00002 dyne/sq. cm. were recorded at one foot from the centre of the jet nozzle. The specimen was strain gauged during the endurance runs and alternating stress in various panels was analysed on the spectrum analyser. The stress levels recorded were low, the majority being below + 1 ton/in. Discrete isolated peak stresses at least 25 per cent greater than the average occurred about once in three seconds. Endurance testing carried out on this test rig has indicated certain broad lines on which structures could be developed in order to withstand jet noise. During part of the endurance programme two small panels were mounted below the fuselage so as to be subjected equally to the noise effects. The panels were of the same total weight for unit area, but one was of sandwich construction and the other was braced with a cross of conventional Z-stringers. Rivet failures occurred on the stringer panel after a few hours running, one short piece of stringer being allowed to fall off entirely. The sandwich panel was quite intact. The method used to combat noise damage on the pen nib fairing was to remove all stiffening and to support the panel around the edges only. There were


The present invention relates to a process for the production of aluminum strips, aluminum strips made of aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy for the production of litho printing plate support and a graph, for the purpose of a resource graph printing plate support manufacture. Providing an aluminum strip from the aluminum while maintaining the roughened characteristics without adversely affecting the tensile strength enables the production of printing plate support having a fatigue strength of warp improved in the lateral direction with respect to the rolling direction of the alloy and the aluminum alloy before and after the annealing step objective, the aluminum alloy in weight percent that, 0.4% <Fe ≤ 1.0%, 0.3% <Mg ≤ 1.0%, 0.05% ≤ Si ≤ 0.25% Mn ≤ 0.25%, Cu ≤ 0.04%, Ti ≤ 0.1% of Containing the alloy components, Deulyigo the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, the impurity up to 0.05% each and 0.15% total is achieved by the configuration.


It is well known that the addition of chromium to coatings on nickel‐base superalloys improves the hot corrosion resistance of the coating. Recognizing this advantage, the low‐temperature (700 °C) hot corrosion (LTHC) testing of chromium modified platinum aluminides was initiated in order to determine whether combined additions of Cr and Pt were even more beneficial. The substrates chosen were IN100 and IN738, two commercially used nickel‐base superalloys. It was found that the structure of the chromium modified platinum–aluminide coating was dependent on the sequence of modifying element addition. The optimum coating for LTHC resistance was obtained by the Cr–Pt–Al deposition sequence which resulted in a coating with a continuous PtAl2 layer on the surface backed up with a fairly high level of Cr and Pt.


A total of 40,359 tweets related to COVID-19 vaccination are collected between January 2021 and March 2021. Misinformation is detected using multiple predictive machine learning models. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model is used to identify dominant topics in the COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. Sentiment orientation of misinformation is analyzed using a lexicon-based approach. An independent-samples t-test is performed to compare the number of Machine Learning-Based XAI-Based Disease Prediction." a disease diagnosis system. SHAP, a popular method based on coalition game theory used for interpretability of results. The the system behaviour both locally and globally and shows how machine leaning can be used to ascertain the causality of the disease and support doctors the most effective treatment of the disease. The work not demonstrates the results of machine learning algorithms but also explains related features, their importance and model insights.


In order to realize high-precision guidance when a missile intercepts high-speed maneuvering targets, the states in missile-target relative motion equations were extended in two-dimension plane, and an extended state observer was selected to implement motion compensation for the total disturbance that affects guidance performance. After that, two reaching laws were proposed based on a nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface, and two nonsingular terminal sliding-mode guidance laws with impact angle constraints were proposed. The numerical simulation demonstrate that, by using the observer to make real-time effective estimation for the extension of system state, the two designed guidance laws could meet the expected performance requirements, and the missiles could attack the targets quickly and precisely for different desired line-of sight angle and the manner of the target maneuver.


Uncle Tungsten Memories of a Chemical Boyhood. Oliver Sacks. Knopf, New York, 2001. 350 pp. $25. ISBN 0-375-40448-1. Picador (Macmillan), London. £17.00. ISBN 0-330-39027-9. This memoir by the noted neurologist and author focuses on his early fascination with metals, gasses, the periodic table, and chemistry experiments.


This paper presents novelties in the identification and description of soil according to European standard EN ISO 14688-1:2018, as well as changes in the principles of soil classification according to European standard EN ISO 14688-2:2018. A new version of the European Soil Classification System (ESCS) for engineering purposes is developed. A detailed comparison with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is performed according to soil group symbols, soil group names, and soil classification procedures. A new version of the KLASIF computer software is also developed. The program provides IT support for implementing both USCS and ESCS classifications, and facilitates their parallel use.


Due to the depletion of natural aggregates and raw materials for contemporary construction, the construction and demolition waste existing in old concrete structures is an imperative problem. Cutting down on exploiting natural aggregates and reusing construction and demolition waste in the concrete industry are solutions to this problem. This paper investigated the replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) with different ratios (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in producing self-compacting concrete (SCC). Different components of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as nano-silica (NS), fly ash (FA), and metakaolin (MK), as well as PVA fibers, were incorporated into the SCC mixtures. The fresh properties (slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box test) and hardened properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength), as well as the flexural behavior of SCC beams (load-carrying capacity, crack pattern, mid-span deflection, and flexural stiffness), were studied for all SCC mixes. The results of fresh and hardened concrete confirmed that it is possible to produce SCC with a 100% replacement of RCA with minimal effects on the concrete properties. The mixture of SCC with 100% RCA replacement, 20% MK, and 22% FA was the optimum mixture with acceptable fresh properties that complied with the EFNARC specifications. For 100% RCA replacement, the compressive strength was reduced by 8.20%, and the ultimate load and flexural stiffness increased by 3.20 and 16.25%, respectively, compared with the control mixture.


Marx's maturity critical theory explains the directional dynamics of modern societies on the basis of the categories of commodity and capital as domination and heteronomy modes: it is all about people's domination by time, by a specific historical form of temporality. In this theory, this dynamic and the apparent ontological centrality of work are the subject of criticism and not its starting point: it is explicitly stated that this is a historical specific approach and calls into question all those approaches that claim their universal and trans-historical validity. Within this framework, the duality of the commodity-form as value and usevalue underlies the duality of the capital-form as a valorization process and a work process. This duality generates a dialectical interaction that results in a complex temporary dynamic that pushes the creation of value forward and, at the same time, becomes increasingly anachronistic. The long-term trend of this historical display is resolved by the obsolescence of production based on work time, value and proletarian labour – Marx stated that the abolition of capitalism will not mean the proletariat's self-fulfillment but its self-abolition. This possibility currently emerges in an inverted way: the increase of superfluous work, unemployment and precariousness; the transformation of increasingly life dimensions in different forms of alleged wealth – related to prices and profits – EL CAPITAL DE MARX: 151 AÑOS DEL LIBRO I 45 that would supposedly guarantee the future liquidation of increasingly complex financial instruments (as if wealth was independent from value in capitalism). This article analyses the end of the post-war Keynesian-fordist capitalism, boosted by economic crises, as an expression of the cyclic crisis of the valorization process. Crisis in which we are still immersed.


There have been few studies using ionizing photons higher in energy than Al Kα (1487 eV). However, characteristic x rays such as Au Mα (2123 eV) and Ag Lα (2984 eV) are nearly as narrow in energy, and can provide deeper core photoelectron lines and their companion core‐type Auger lines in the spectra of 26 elements that otherwise cannot be recorded. Such data are of special value in identifying chemical states by the two‐dimensional approach. This involves plotting Auger kinetic energy against photoelectron kinetic energy. The Auger Parameter is the difference between these two energies. Chemical shifts in the Auger parameter provide information on polarization effects in the medium. New data are shown for solid compounds of silicon, sulfur, bromine, and tungsten, obtained with Au Mα x rays. Other reported data obtained with x rays ≳1500 eV are included for comparison. The data for the eighteen compounds of tungsten show considerable variation in chemical shifts in the M5N7N7 Auger line as well as those o...


A 15 year old boy with profound weight loss was found to have foreign body obstruction of the lower oesophagus. Achalasia was subsequently diagnosed and there was rapid gain in weight and height after oesophagomyotomy .


Many split‐mouth trials are characterized by the pairing of site‐specific outcome and baseline data within each segment of a subject's mouth. However when the response variable of interest is binary, methods of statistical analysis for this design are not well developed. In this paper we present several analytic approaches that may be taken to the resulting data, showing how the efficiency of statistical inferences can be improved by appropriately incorporating the baseline information. The advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches are discussed in the context of an example from the published literature. The results from a limited simulation study are also presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The case report describes successful removal of misplaced Intrauterine ContraceptiveDevice (IUCD) from urinary bladder. X-ray and ultrasound of thepelvis showed IUCD to be lying outside the uterus and on laparotomy IUCDwas removed from urinary bladder.


As nations around the world were thrust into lockdown in March 2020, an article published in The Atlantic was widely shared on social media, with the blunt and demoralising headline: "The Coronavirus Is a Disaster for Feminism" (Helen Lewis 2020). In the article, contentious "celebrity feminist" (Anthea Taylor 2014) Helen Lewis highlights the fact that unpaid caring labour is largely carried out by women, and that in the context of a global pandemic in which schools have been forced to close and many employed people must work from home, the increased demands for caring for the ill, self-isolating, elderly and children will fall predominantly onto women. She frankly reminds us that women—whether single parents, partnered, or part of a dual-income household—are currently faced with juggling paid work and caring responsibilities, as well as other disastrous knock-on effects of the crisis which unequally impact women, including rising risks of domestic violence and shifting priorities in national healthcare (Lewis 2020). Lewis's article is stark reading, and alongside the increasing popularity of white male populist leaders during the pandemic (Liam Doyle 2020), it prompted me to wonder what the current crisis could mean for feminism, and whether a backlash towards a new era of postfeminism was on the horizon. It seemed these concerns were beginning to be confirmed, when in the days following the publication of Lewis's article a number of response pieces appeared online directly rebutting her claims, with varying degrees of vehemence and vitriol: Marilyn Simon simply states that "No, COVID-19 Is Not a 'Disaster for Feminism'" (Marilyn Simon 2020), while Caroline Ffiske claims that "For feminists, hell is caring for the family" (Caroline Ffiske 2020). In the most toxic and misogynistic of the responses, Joe Garza exclaims: "if feminists really care about gender equality in this time of chaos, maybe they should sign themselves up for some Coronavirus exposure to even out that infection gap." (Joe Garza 2020) As a politics, feminism is used to accusations of selfish narcissism, and of women "unnaturally" abandoning their true femininity and biological calling to be mothers and carers. As such, these recent online rebuttals will seem familiar to anyone who has seen examples of anti-suffrage cartoons of the late 19 and early 20 century or who has read Susan Faludi's canonical 1992 book Backlash (Susan Faludi 2006). As Sarah Banet-Weiser reminds us, in the contemporary "interlocution of feminism and misogyny in popular culture" (Sarah Banet-Weiser 2018, 31), the two "are engaged in a constant dynamic, one that continuously shapes and reshapes not only feminism but also patriarchy." (32) Every publicly visible movement of feminist political activism, amplified via heightened media representation, has been followed by (or indeed, has overlapped with) a vocal


Introduction Recognition of hypercapnic respiratory failure is a vital part of the assessment and management of the patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several studies have demonstrated that respiratory acidosis in the context of an acute exacerbation is associated with worse inpatient outcomes. Our study compares the outcomes of patients admitted with an acute exacerbation, between those with respiratory acidosis and those who had a normal pH and PaCO2 on arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. Methods Patients requiring hospital treatment for an acute exacerbation of COPD had an ABG taken on admission. Patients were subsequently assessed for the following outcomes: inpatient mortality, outpatient mortality up to six months after discharge and hospital re-admission rates in the six months post discharge. Chi-squared test was applied to assess the relationship between respiratory acidosis and our outcomes. Results 234 patients had an admission ABG and were subsequently followed up to the point of death or six months post discharge. Patients with a PaCO2 of >6 Kpa were 2.33 times (95% CI 1.11 to 4.96) more likely to die in hospital as compared to those patients with a normal value. Patients with a lower arterial pH (<7.35) were 2.32 times (95% CI 1.07 to 4.96) more likely to die in hospital as compared to those with a pH of >7.35. The increased risk in mortality was only seen for in-hospital mortality and there was no association with death in the 6 months following discharge, hospital re-admission or re-admission for a respiratory problem. Conclusion This data supports previous studies that suggest hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis are associated with increased inpatient mortality, therefore further demonstrating the usefulness of pH and PaCO2 as prognostic markers for inpatient outcomes. However our study does suggest that patients with respiratory acidosis on admission, who survive until discharge from hospital, do not have an increased risk of six month mortality or readmission compared to those with a normal admission ABG.


The Treaty of Riga of 1921 is more of a "forgotten peace" than Brest-Litovsk was when Wheeler-Bennett devoted his excellent monograph to it. Except for the welldocumented memoirs of the chief Polish delegate in Riga, there is no single study in any language dealing with this peace settlement which not only determined Soviet-Polish relations during the interwar period but stabilized the situation in East Central Europe for almost two decades. Hence the appearance of a Russian book entitled "The Riga Peace" is bound to arouse the interest of diplomatic historians. Olshansky's slender volume is, however, totally disappointing. Nearly half of it concerns the preconference Soviet-Polish relations, and that part is filled with worn-out cliches, omissions, and misinterpretations. The two chapters that deal with peace negotiations at Minsk and Riga are hardly better. Although the author has made some use of Polish archives, he refers only seven or eight times (throughout the entire volume) to Soviet archival material, and in no case does he produce new or interesting evidence. It is surely paradoxical that this reviewer in his work on Soviet-Polish relations could bring forth more archival material—for instance the Trotsky papers—than a Soviet historian writing in Russia. Many important questions that could be answered only by dipping into the Soviet archives are ignored. One learns nothing about Soviet peace preparations, if any, on the eve of the stillborn Borisov conference. Marchlewski's diary, which is supposedly in Moscow, is not used. It is hard to imagine that the Russian delegation in Riga kept no protocols, and we do know that it was in frequent correspondence with Lenin. But Olshansky produces no material of this type and far too often uses as his sources Pravda or Isvestiia. Rizhskii mir can hardly be regarded as a scholarly monograph, and its value to historians is minimal at best. It could only be useful to "Sovietologists" insofar as it may be indicative of trends in Soviet historiography. While it is not puzzling to see Trotsky and Radek mentioned only once each, it is surely interesting that Stalin's name does not appear in the book at all. The Red Army's defeat in Warsaw, which had once been explained as Tukhachevsky's fault, and then—for a brief period—as Stalin's, is now blamed by Olshansky on, of all people, Wrangel. Based on little archival material, and ignoring monographs (even early Soviet ones) which are inconvenient to the author's thesis, Olshansky's book is a weak apologia for Soviet foreign policy in 1918-21.


Burkhardt, Joanna M., and Mary C. MacDonald, with Andree J. Rathemacher. Teaching Information Literacy: 50 Standards-Based Exercises for College Students . 2 nd edition. Chicago: American Library Association, 2010. xi+138 pp. ISBN: 9780838910535. This edition is available from ALA in print and/or electronic format ($40 for the PDF alone, $50 for the print, and $59 for the print/PDF bundle).


The world of business in Asia is replete with acronyms and unique terminology. This handy reference covers the Asia Pacific from Fiji to Japan and is organized country by country. It gives capsule entries on the key players and concepts in the different Asian countries, and provides a one-stop reference source which should be of use to the international business community.


Purpose – This paper aims to identify systematic ways of linking club members' behavioral and demographic characteristics to their use of mobile devices in clubs. While the traditional private club experience is characterized by intensive personalization and face-to-face interactions, clubs are increasingly deploying information technology (IT) tools to optimize some of their internal processes and offer a better value proposition to their members. Design/methodology/approach – Based on data from 737 actual club members from the USA, this research used a series of logistic regressions to reveal the manner in which a series of behavioral and demographic variables can be used to predict the likelihood of use of mobile devices in clubs for specific club-related tasks. Findings – This research revealed that there are differences between the two main types of clubs (i.e. golf/country and city/athletic), as well as differences among club members residing in different regions of the USA in the manner in which me...


Mao Zedong's balanced development strategy includes the industrial balanced development, i.e. promoting industry and agriculture simultaneously in priority of heavy industry, and the regional balanced development, which means propelling inland industry by booming costal one. The paper undertakes to analyze the forming of the former, the implementation of the latter, and their functions and influence in history and current stage.


Interactions of cancer cells with endothelium are a crucial step in metastatic invasion. RGD‐recognizing integrins play a definitive role in these interactions.


This paper investigates the restart performance of sensorlessly controlled IPMSM Fan motor free-running in middle or high speed range just after inverter power off. There could be some difficulties to extract exact position information by using conventional sensorless control for restarting the motor because of stopped inverter operation. To solve this problem, we proposes to use low cost hall sensor. Using a hall sensor with SMO (Sliding Mode Observer) give us a solution to facilitate rotor position information extraction. The algorithm in this paper shows a certain way of the restarting method.


This article describes how we have begun to integrate the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) into preservice teacher education in hopes of expanding the instructional use of technology in special education classrooms. We have provided examples showing how faculty members can instruct both practicing and prospective teachers in ways to integrate the Internet and the WWW into their K-12 classroom instruction.


The entry of the influence of various foreign cultures in Indonesia can be seen in various aspects of cultural products. One of the things we can see is that there are a lot of cultural sites built in various regions that are influenced by foreign cultures. Cu An Kiong Temple in Lasem, Central Java is one of them. The research proposed in this proposal has a specific target to examine more deeply the influence of Chinese culture which is applied in the architectural style of the Cu An Kiong temple cultural site, with a long-term goal of cultural preservation in Indonesia which has experienced acculturation with local local culture. The research method was carried out by direct observation at the location, visual documentation and making notes about the architectural style used, and using literature relating to the topic to be reviewed. This research has been able to collect information regarding the temple and it's surroundings, including opinions from the people associated with the temple or Lasem area, by means of visual documentation. All of the information gathered here can hopefully be used for similar research in the near future, especially in terms of cultural preservation.


Packed columns were prepared using Posidonia oceanica fibres as adsorbent for the removal of a direct dye, Congo red (CR), from aqueous solution. The effects of flow rate, concentration of CR, pH solution and bed depth on breakthrough curves were investigated. The experimental results showed that the breakthrough time decreased with the increase of flow rate, influent concentration and the decrease of bed depth. The amount of sorbed dye decreased by increasing the flow rate and increased by increasing the dye concentration and bed height. The removal of CR by raw Posidonia fibres reached 80% with a dye concentration of 10 mg.l–1 at the flow rate of 0.47 ml.min–1 and at pH 6.5. Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, Adams-Bohart and bed depth/service time analysis (BDST) models were successfully used to analyse experimental data, to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for the process design.


lead to the implementation of empirically validated treatment would be useful to others embarking on this journey. An important part of the local setting is the social and cultural context of the families seeking treatment. Indeed, the available evidence suggests that family interventions have been successful in a wide range of cultural contexts around the world. However, little attention has been given to how the given intervention is adapted to the specific cultural context, if at all. Lefley and Johnson (6) address this limitation with their recent compilation of how family interventions have been used across the world. This effort points out the manner in which clinical researchers and practitioners have given voice to their own sociocultural context in adapting existing interventions as well as the sociocultural context of the families with whom they work. Efforts to integrate systematically the social and cultural worlds and to assess the effectiveness of such efforts are vitally needed. In particular, documenting how the intervention was modified for the particular context and whether that modification was related to specific clinical, social or familial outcomes would make a significant contribution (7). Systematic efforts to integrate the sociocultural context can improve the effectiveness of existing treatments for families from diverse sociocultural backgrounds as well as contribute to their acceptance and implementation. One example of the importance of the sociocultural context is the finding that high family warmth in primarily immigrant, Mexican American families is related to a lower rate of relapse (8; see also references 9 and 10 for similar findings in other populations). What is curious about these findings is that most studies of families' expressed emotion failed to report results with regard to warmth or positive remarks, two indices of expressed emotion. As noted by Falloon, early on in this line of inquiry, investigators chose to examine predictors of relapse rather than protective factors against relapse. As a result, we learned little about what families do that is associated with a better course for individuals with a mental disorder. Giving voice to culturally diverse patient samples and being open to alternative factors (such as warmth) associated with the course of illness suggest that the predominant research paradigm with its focus on family negativity should be broadened. The implication of these findings for treatment is that attention to enhancing prosocial family functioning could help balance the current treatment emphasis on stress management and stress reduction. As we consider how to bring effective family interventions to routine clinical practice, it is critical that clinical scientists be open to the perspectives of other stakeholders. The risk of engaging in a dialogue with stakeholders from differing perspectives is that the family interventions that result from these dialogues may differ from those studied under controlled settings. On the other hand, the risk of not doing so is that evidence-based interventions are not used in clinical practice.


American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed diets containing methylmercury chloride (MeHg) at 0, 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, or 5.0 µg/g (dry wt) starting approximately eight weeks before the onset of egg laying. Dietary treatment was terminated after 12 to 14 weeks, and unhatched eggs were collected for Hg analysis. Blood samples were collected after four weeks of treatment and the termination of the study (i.e., 12–14 weeks of treatment). Clutch size decreased at dietary concentrations above 2.8 µg/g. The average total mercury concentration in clutches of eggs and in the second egg laid (i.e., egg B) increased linearly with dietary concentration. Mercury concentrations in egg B were approximately 25% lower than in the first egg laid and similar in concentration to the third egg laid. Mercury concentrations in whole blood and plasma also increased linearly with dietary concentration. Total Hg concentrations in June blood samples were lower than those in April, despite 8 to 10 weeks of additional dietary exposure to MeHg in the diet. This is likely because of excretion of Hg into growing flight feathers beginning shortly after the start of egg production. The strongest relationships between Hg concentrations in blood and eggs occurred when we used blood samples collected in April before egg laying and feather molt. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2206–2210. © 2010 SETAC


The good performance of a surgical center is directly related to the quality of its own process and to its procedures that support it. To estimate the performance of this unit, aiming at management, improvement, development the new processes it is necessary to develop an analysis of indicators. The objective of this is to check the production control of surgical center. The application of these indicators began in January 2008, through surgical map (surgical movement, cancellations, delays, intra-operative mortality rate, number of reoperation); anesthesic recovery (average time of stay in AR); data management (bank of hours, number of employees in institution with more them 18 months); incidence of fall and incidence of skin injuries in intra-operative. Analyzing data from January to June of 2008, all with average values, the surgical movement was 969 schedule surgeries; 966 carried; 153 canceled, being the biggest cause of abandonment of patients. The delay surgery with 55 minutes and is the major cause of delay medical team. The mortality rate remains at 0.3% and the number of reoperation in 1.8. The stay in AR is 48 minutes. The bank of hours with 308h and 63 employees have more than 18 months in the institution. The incidence of fall is zero and of skin injuries in intra-operative are 0.07. It follows that the evaluation of performance of the activities of the surgical center through indicators, opens the way for critical review in key processes, allowing for intervention in the processes of development failures and improvements. * Hospital Santa Catarina. 1. Enfermeira Assistencial do Centro Cirurgico do Hospital Santa Catarina em Sao Paulo; Graduada pela Universidade Bandeirante de Sao Paulo (UNIBAN); Especialista em Terapia Intensiva pela Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC). 2. Enfermeira Coordenadora do Centro Cirurgico do Hospital Santa Catarina em Sao Paulo; Graduada pela Universidade da Cidade de Sao Paulo (UNICID); Especialista em Administracao Hospitalar pela Universidade Sao Camilo (USC); Especialista em Centro Cirurgico, Recuperacao Anestesica e Centro de Material e Esterilizacao pela Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP); MBA em Economia e Gestao das Organizacoes de Saude pela Pontifica Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo (PUC-SP). Endereco para correspondencia: Cristina Silva Sousa, Rua Profa Carolina Ribeiro, 20, apto 54, Vila Mariana – 04116-020 – Sao Paulo, SP. Endereco eletronico: email@example.com / firstname.lastname@example.com Palavras-chave Indicadores de servico. Avaliacao de desempenho. Enfermagem de centro cirurgico.


Importance: Forty percent of Parkinson 's disease patients develop levodopa-induced-dyskinesia (LiD) within 4 years of starting levodopa. The genetic basis of LiD remains poorly understood, and there have been few well powered studies. Objective: To discover common genetic variants in the PD population that increase the probability of developing LiD. Design, setting and Participants: We performed survival analyses to study the development of LiD in 5 separate longitudinal cohorts. We performed a meta-analysis to combine the results of genetic association from each study based on a fixed effects model weighting the effect sizes by the inverse of their standard error. The selection criteria was specific to each cohort. We studied individuals that were genotyped from each cohort and that passed our analysis specific inclusion criteria. Main Outcomes and Measures: We measured the time for PD patients on levodopa treatment to develop LiD as defined by reaching a score higher or equal than 2 from the MDS-UPDRS part IV, item 1, which is equivalent to a range of 26%-50% of the waking time with dyskinesia. We carried out a genome-wide analysis of the hazard ratio and the association of genome-wide SNPs with the probability of developing LiD using cox proportional hazard models (CPH). Results: This study included 2784 PD patients of European ancestry, of whom 14.6% developed LiD. Consistent with previous studies, we found female gender (HR = 1.35, SE = 0.11, P = 0.007) and younger age at onset (HR = 1.8, SE = 0.14, P = 2 x 10-5) to increase the probability of developing LiD. We identified three loci significantly associated with time-to-LiD onset. rs72673189 on chromosome 1 (HR = 2.77 , SE = 0.18 , P = 1.53 x 10-8) located in the LRP8 locus, rs189093213 on chromosome 4 (HR = 3.06, , SE = 0.19, P = 2.81 x 10-9) in the non-coding RNA LINC02353 locus, and rs180924818 on chromosome 16 (HR = 3.13, SE = 0.20 , P = 6.27 x 10-9) in the XYLT1 locus. Subsequent colocalization analyses on chromosome 1 identified DNAJB4 as a candidate gene associated with LiD through a change in gene expression. We computed a PRS based on our GWAS meta-analysis and found high accuracy to stratify between PD-LID and PD (AUC 83.9). We also performed a stepwise regression analysis for baseline features selection associated with LiD status. We found baseline anxiety status to be significantly associated with LiD (OR = 1.14, SE = 0.03, P = 7.4 x 10-5). Finally, we performed a candidate variant analysis and found that genetic variability in ANKK1 (rs1800497, Beta = 0.24, SE = 0.09, P = 8.89 x 10-3) and BDNF (rs6265, Beta = 0.19, SE = 0.10, P = 4.95 x 10-2) loci were significantly associated with time to LiD in our large meta-analysis. Conclusion: In this association study, we have found three novel genetic variants associated with LiD, as well as confirming reports that variability in ANKK1 and BDNF loci were significantly associated with LiD probability. A PRS nominated from our time-to-LiD meta-analysis significantly differentiated between PD-LiD and PD. In addition, we have found female gender, young PD onset and anxiety to be significantly associated with LiD.


The article deals with the difficult relationship between law practice and legal positivism, and also with the traditional concept of lawyer as orator, the practitioner of rhetoric. Legal positivism, in defining law as something essentially prescriptive, an imperative, or a decision, sees no place for the role of the lawyer (the advocate). Lawyers (advocates) do not decide, do not issue commands; so from the legal positivist perspective they are considered as irrelevant for the definition of law. However, law practice implies the persuasive use of language, that has been known for centuries as rhetoric. But philosophy, at least since Plato, is built upon the implicit or explicit rejection of rhetoric, since the latter does not aim for truth. A lawyer – it is stressed doesn't want the truth. A lawyer isn't interested in the truth ; therefore there is no subject so different, so opposite, to a philosopher as a lawyer. On the other hand legal positivism by downplaying the rhetorical side of lawyers' reasoning tend to present this as a kind of a-moralist exercise. These are the issues that the article is concerned with, in an attempt to review both the reasons and the concept of law in a way that is hopefully more appropriate to actual legal practice (within which a central and paradigmatic role, or «job», along with judging, advocacy).


Introduction: The Spirit of French Law PART I: THE SYSTEM 1. Sources of Law 2. Court Institutions 3. People Administering Justice PART II: THE LAW 4. Legal Procedure 5. Constitutional Law 6. Administrative Law 7. Criminal Law 8. Family Law 9. The Law of Property 10. The Law of Obligations 11. Commercial Law 12. Employment Law PART III: STUDYING FRENCH LAW 13. Bibliographical Guide and Legal Methods Appendix: Bibliographical Sources and Legal Methods


This digest summarizes the mission performed October 21-November 5, 2004, under Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Project J-3, "International Transit Studies Program." This digest includes transportation information on the cities and facilities visited. The mission investigated innovations in bus, rail, and specialized transit operations in Latin America. Cities visited included Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Brasilia, Brazil; Santiago, Chile; and Quito, Ecuador.


Magnetic properties, microstructure, and phase evolution of (Ce1−xPrx)9.5Febal.CoyTi2B10 (x=0–1 and y=0, 2.5) nanocomposites have been investigated. A progressive substitution of Pr for Ce enhances the remanence (Br), intrinsic coercivity (Hci), and maximum energy product [(BH)max] of the ribbons effectively. In addition, the Curie temperature of 2:14:1 phase also increases with increasing Pr concentration. For Co-free (Ce1−xPrx)9.5Febal.Ti2B10 ribbons, magnetically hard 2:14:1 phase and two soft phases, α-Fe and Fe3B, are found in the ribbons with x=0, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.7, while Fe3B phase disappears in the ribbons with x=1. On the other hand, the value of Br, (BH)max, temperature coefficient α, and Curie temperature of 2:14:1 and α-Fe are improved with a slight substitution of 2.5 at. % Co for Fe. The magnetic properties of Br=8.5kG, Hci=7.5kOe, (BH)max=13.5MGOe, α=−0.185%∕°C, and β=−0.54%∕°C can be achieved in (Ce0.5Pr0.5)9.5Febal.Co2.5Ti2B10 nanocomposites.


We study the influence of the model parameters on the phase transitions, the equation of state (EOS), and the corresponding mass-radius relations in the interior of neutron stars. The numerical analysis shows that the coupling constants of hyperons have a slight influence on the phase transitions and EOS, but an obvious influence on the particle fractions, while the bag constant B and coupling constant g have an important influence on the phase transitions, the EOS, and the mass-radius relations. We find that both the bag constant B and coupling constant g play the same role in the description of the interactions between quarks of hybrid stars. The maximum mass calculated by using the bag constant determined with experimental data (ranging from 175 to 200 MeV) falls in the interval of 1.4∼1.7 solar mass. The corresponding radius is between 9.3 and 12 km. These results are in agreement with observed values of neutron stars. The possibility of the existence of a third family is discussed. The detection of a third family may provide a signature for a phase transition inside neutron stars.


IN 1902 Mr. A. Mosely, who during hi.s residence in Kimberley, South Africa, had been impressed by the practical ability of American engineers, organized an industrial commission of British business men to visit the United States in order to find an answer to the question, ' How is it that the United States can afford to pay half-a-dollar in wages where we pay a shilling, and yet compete with us in the markets of the world ?" The answer turned largely upon the character of the education, using that word in its widest sense, available in the United States. In the autumn of last year Mr. Mosely arranged for an education commission to visit the United States with a view to studying the schools and universities. The subjects placed for investigation before this Commission were: I. The development of indiv-iduality in the prima-r-y s boc]Z. 2. The social and intellectual effects of the wide distribution of secondary education. 3. The effect of specific instruction given (a) in business methods; (b) in applied science. 4. The present state of opinion as to the xalue of professional and technical instruction of univ ersity rank designed with] special reference to the tasks of business life. The Commission consisted of twenty-six persons selected for their special acquaintance with various departments of education in Great Britain and Ireland. The medical representatives were Dr. J. Rose Bradford, Professor of Medicine, UTniversity College, London, and Dr. W. H. Gaskell, University Lecturer in Physiology, Cambridge. Their reports, which form part of the volume issued recently by Mr. Mosely,l contain many points of interest to which we can only briefly refer. ANATO-MY AND PHYSIOLOGY. Dr. Gaskell prefaces his remarks by the statement that there is at the present time a feeling of unrest and uncertainty both in the United States and in Canada as to the best methods of instruction. Experiments are being tried, and he has evidently found it difficult to give any general view. In the universities of Harvard and Jolhns Hopkins the student is first of all required to spend three to four years in


Excerpt To the editor: As a medical student who looks forward to a career that includes research, I was disturbed by the letter of Dr. Chaffee (Ann Intern Med88:434, 1978). Dr. Chaffee writes that ...


Sensor resolution is crucial for the success of tracking in a dense multiple target environment. The probability of resolution (PR) and the probability of correct data association (PDA) are computed as a function of: (1) average object separation, (2) sensor resolution, and (3) one-sigma prediction error, for sensor measurements with dimensions n equals 1, 2, 3, ... . The values of PR and PDA are plotted versus the average object separation normalized by the sensor resolution, parameterized by the one-sigma prediction error, for values of n equals 1, 2, 3, ... . By inspection of these curves, it is obvious that PR is less than PDA for n equals 1, 2, 3, ... for any values of average object separation and sensor resolution, for almost any practical value of one-sigma prediction error of interest. This means that sensor resolution is a more important issue than data association in most practical applications. Nevertheless, 99 percent of the literature on multiple target tracking has ignored the issue of resolution.


Basic Mean-Field Theory for Bose-Einstein Condensates.- Basic Mean-Field Theory for Bose-Einstein Condensates.- Bright Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates.- Bright Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Theory.- Bright Solitons: Summary of Experimental Techniques.- Dark Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates.- Dark Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Theory.- Dark Solitons in BECs: The First Experiments.- Nonlinear Localization of BECs in Optical Lattices.- Nonlinear Localization of BECs in Optical Lattices.- Multi-Dimensional Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates.- Multidimensional Solitons: Theory.- Experiments on Multidimensional Solitons.- Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensates.- Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Theory.- Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Experiments.- Vortex Lattices.- Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Theory.- Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Experiments.- Optical Lattices.- Optical Lattices: Theory.- Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices: Experiments.- Multi-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates.- Multi-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates: Theory.- Multi-Component Condensates: Experiment.- Manipulations of Coherent Matter-Waves.- Manipulations of Coherent Matter-Waves.- Beyond Gross-Pitaevskii Mean Field Theory.- Beyond Gross-Pitaevskii Mean-Field Theory.- Asymptotic Reductions of the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation.- Asymptotic Reductions of the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation.


ABSTRACT' Clinical report writing involves two inter Erocesses-4-creation and communication. There are six stages clinical inference that find parallels in generative writing stage -possessing a postulate system, constructing the major premise, observing for occurrences, instantiating ciassityin0 the occurrences, reaching a referential product, and predicting the significance of the inference and making recommendations. So, too, does the nature of the 'clinical procedure as a whole offer comparisons to generative writing procedure. An examination of clinical procedure offers three methodological implications for the composition teacher: (1) before beginning to write, students should be asked to atticulate-the assuLptions that inform their world view,. (2). students should be asked to enrich their contexts for writing, and (3) 'students,. final papers should be evaluated as process as well as product. as work in .educational psychology and recent work in :such areas the-cognitiOn of -discovery or hemispheric brain fdnctions show that the "Clinical cOnnectionuhas already been reCognized by educators in general and English teachers inparticular as one worth pursuing. (HOD)


Introduction. As estimated by IDF, by 2045 there will be about 628 million of people living with diabetes, of which 87–91% will have type 2 diabetes. Therefore, early diagnosis of diabetes is very important, and currently only 4–50% of cases are diagnosed early enough. The aim of the study was to establish whether patients with dyspepsia may potentially be a group at high risk of developing diabetes in which screening for glucose metabolism disorders would be particularly important. Material and methods. The study included 59 women (65.5%) and 31 men (34.5%), with a mean age of 36 years, hospitalized in order to perform gastroscopy due to symptoms of dyspepsia. All patients were apparently healthy, without the history of cardiovascular diseases or diabetes, and were non-smokers. The patients were subjected to laboratory tests (random blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], lipid profile, C-reactive protein level), gastroscopy and a rapid urease test for detection of active Helicobacter pylori infection. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. Subjects with abnormal results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assigned to the group with glucose metabolism disorders and the remaining subjects — to the group without glucose metabolism disorders. Statistical analysis of the obtained research results was carried out using the Statistica 7.0 PL software. Results. The subjects were divided into two subgroups based on the result of the oral glucose tolerance test, adopting the principles of diagnosing carbohydrate metabolism disorders according to the Diabetes Poland. The group with glucose metabolism disorders included 33 patients (36.5%): 5 subjects (5.5%) with impaired fasting glucose, 20 patients (22%) with impaired glucose tolerance and 8 patients (9%) with diabetes. The remaining 57 (63.5%) patients had normal results of OGTT and were assigned to the group without glucose metabolism disorders. The mean BMI in the whole examined population was 26.7 kg/m2. Patients with glucose metabolism disorders (GMD) had a significantly higher BMI (31.1 kg/m2). The levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG were higher in patients with GDM; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Random blood glucose values were significantly higher in the group with GDM, but no patient had random blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL. The HbA 1c value was significantly higher in the GMD group. Also, the C-reactive protein (CRP) level was significantly higher in the group of patients with GMD than in the group of healthy subjects. All patients underwent gastroscopy and abnormal results were found in 41 patients (45.5% of total study population) — in 67% in the group with GMD and 33% in the group without GDM. The most frequent pathology was Helicobacter pylori infection (25.5%). This infection was more prevalent in the group with GDM (45%) than in the group without GDM (14%). In addition, gastritis, gastric cancer, gastro-esophageal reflux, hiatal hernia, and gastric polyps were found, without significant differences between the subgroups. Conclusions. Over 1/3 of the subjects with dyspepsia had prediabetes or diabetes; therefore, it seems that this group of patients should be screened for glucose metabolism disorders. High prevalence of GMD among patients with dyspepsia indicates potential benefits of performing OGTT in this group of patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms may be an early manifestation of glucose metabolism disorders. There is a correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and the presence of glucose metabolism disorders.


This article summarises a recent virtual meeting organised by the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Vietnam on the topic of climate change and health, bringing local partners, faculty and


For many months during the summer and fall of 1998, the USA was deluged by information about the sexual exploits of President Clinton, Monica Lewinsky, and their legal battles with Ken Starr Voyeurism was stimulated not only in the USA but around the world. Inevitably, the combination of use and abuse of power combined with sexuality crossed into the treatment room. A clinical example will illustrate the impact of these events on the members of a long-term group. The members assume emotional positions similar to the main political participants, and in the process reexamine their fears of exposure, sexual guilt and fundamental self-doubts. The discussion will offer ideas about the meaning of this replay of previously worked themes in light of transference and countertransference considerations.


Gladson B. St Louis, MO 63146, Elsevier, 2006, paperback, 503 pp, illus, ISBN: 0-7216-0929-5, $44.95.

The purpose of this book is to provide basic pharmacology information for both practicing physical therapists and physical therapist students. The text is clear, concise, and includes important concepts related to therapeutic concerns for specific drug classifications.

This book is well organized. Twenty-four chapters are divided into 10 sections, either by a specific topic, system, or drug classification. The author …


Crowdsensing systems are providing solutions to the community in areas such as transportation, security, entertainment and the environment by citizens who use their consumer devices such as cellphones, wearables, and Internet of Things devices to collect various types of sensor data. Privacy is a major issue in these systems because the data collected can potentially reveal aspects considered private by the contributors of data. We propose the Privacy-Enabled ARchitecture (PEAR), a layered architecture aimed at protecting privacy in privacy-aware crowdsensing systems. We identify and describe the layers of the architecture. We propose and evaluate the design of MetroTrack, a crowdsensing system that is based on the proposed PEAR architecture.


We have over-powering evidence, gathered over centuries, that our capitalist system is subject to endemic imbalances, which, if large and/or persistent enough, lead to crisis. This is a recurrent pattern in which underlying imbalances and crises enter into a dialectical relationship, with crises serving here as adjustment processes that may (or may not) resolve the imbalances triggering them in the first place. Whereas orthodox economic theory tends to treat crises as exogenous shocks intruding from outside to upset our supposedly self-balancing system, we need to understand this phenomenon instead as intrinsic to capitalist economies. The key to such a reinterpretation effort is to pinpoint the imbalances which such a system gives rise to as a matter of its normal modus operandi.


In this work, the colorimetric detection assay of mercury has been proposed based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) aggregation. In basic medium with 1.75 mmol/L NaOH, the stable and monodisperse silver nanoparticles, which coated by polydopamine, was prepared by a one-pot reduction process using dopamine as a reducing agent. The polydopa- mine adsorption with Hg 2 + can induce the aggregation of silver nanoparticles resulting in the decrease of absorption signal of AgNPs at 405 nm and the color change of the solutions. It was found that the decreased absorption signal intensity was pro- portional to the mercury content in a range of 0.5~5.0 μmol/L. According to this, the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum method and colorimetric method for determination of Hg 2 + was developed. The limit of detection is 50 nmol/L. In this work, UV-vis absorption spectrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared (IR) spectrum were investigated. The mecha- nism of this reaction was discussed. The IR spectrum of special functional groups approved that polydopamine was formed on the surface of AgNPs. The UV-Vis absorption peak at 405 nm and SEM photos indicated that the stable and monodisperse AgNPs was prepared and the aggregation of AgNPs was occurred after the addition of Hg 2 + . The tolerance of coexisting for- eign substances in system was also studied and the experimental results indicated that the interferences of other common metal ions were small. The experimental condition optimization results show that when the NaOH concentration is 1.75


We have studied [Ca2+]i signals elicited by extracellular ATP in cultured cells from postnatal day 7–8 rat cerebellum using single-cell fluorescence microscopy and fura-2. Putative Purkinje cells selected under phase contrast by size and characteristic cytoplasm appearance were uniquely identified by selective labeling with anti-calbindin antibodies. Extracellularly applied ATP (50 μm) evoked fast [Ca2+]i rises revealed by a rapid and transient increase in fura-2F340/F380ratio in all Purkinje cells tested, whereas granule cells failed to show a response to ATP. The mean [Ca2+]i increase was ∼400 nm, comparable to that obtained after glutamate stimulation. The response to ATP was completely abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA. Conversely, an increased extracellular Mn2+ entry pathway was activated by ATP stimulation. These results indicate that the effect of ATP is mediated by an ionotropic P2X receptor. The action of ATP was mimicked by the analog 2-methylthio-adenosine 5′-triphosphate with similar efficacy but almost half its potency (EC50, 10.6 ± 0.7 vs 21.7 ± 1.9 μm). Other purinergic compounds tested, such as adenosine(5′)-tetraphospho-(5′)adenosine, adenosine(5′)pentaphospho-(5′)adenosine, adenosine 5′-(α,β-methylene) triphosphate, UTP, and adenosine, were completely inactive in eliciting [Ca2+]i responses. The purinoceptor antagonists suramin and pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′disulphonic acid effectively blocked the responses elicited by ATP. Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of functional ionotropic P2X purinoceptors in the cerebellar Purkinje cells and indicate that their pharmacology is similar to receptors formed by P2X2 subunit oligomers.


ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv DECLARATION v APPROVAL SHEET vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS x LIST OF APPENDICES Error! Bookmark not defined. TABLE OF CONTENTS xi


It has recently been shown that a three-parameter Weibull function with a large threshold strength of ≈2 GPa is needed to accurately describe the failure strength statistics of micromachined polycrystalline silicon samples. Here, we explore how to apply this function to predict strength size effects over a size range of 100. A two-parameter function is unsatisfactory in predicting the size effect. If a three-parameter Weibull fit to only the largest specimen is used, the prediction also does not satisfactorily agree with strength data in smaller specimens. The prediction is greatly improved if the two largest specimens, a factor of 10 different in size, are used for fitting. It is further demonstrated that the threshold strength depends on geometry in notched samples due to their large stress gradients.


This study proposes the use of a high-speed camera as a holographic visual sensor to obtain the dense full-field dynamic parameters of the main beam of a bridge by the field of view through uniaxial rotation photography. Based on the basic principle that the frequency and mode of a structure are inherent characteristics, the mode coordinates obtained from each field of view are unified, normalized, and matched according to the same name pixels to obtain the dense fullfield dynamic parameters of the entire bridge. The frequency and first three order modes of a self-anchored suspension test bridge are collected by the method proposed in this study. The frequency comparison between the accelerometers and dial gauges is within 3%, and the mode shapes are more holographic and more realistic than those obtained by limited measuring points. In addition, the difference in the curvature mode under various damage conditions obtained by limited measurement points is compared with that obtained by the method proposed in this study. Results shows that the dense full-field modal curvature difference can reflect the change in the damage location even in a low order, which means the sensitivity of the change of damage location in low-order modal.


Objective:To study the Therapeutic effect of Ginepazide Maleat combination with the low molecular heparin Calcium the Progressive cerebral infarction.Methods:To divide 101 patients with cerebral infarction into three groups:the treatment group,the control group A,the control groupB,The patients in the treatment group treat with low molecular heparin and Ginepazide Maleat,qd x 14d,The patients in the control groupA with low molecular heparin and Radix Salviae.qd×14d;The patients in the the control groupB with Radix Salviae cnly,and then to evaluate their effect of patients in the treatment group and the control group.Results:The curative effect of Ginepazide Maleat combination with LMWH group were obviously than the control groupA (P0.05),more than the control groupB (P0.01).Conclusion:Combinning Ginepazide Maleat and LMWH is a safe effection method to treat Progressive Cerebral Infarction.


The study focuses on Czech travelogues to the Soviet Union between 1918 and 1938. The thematic and motivic analysis of the text is paid attention and not only their similarities, but also differences based on political orientation and personal preferences of their authors are examined. The focus topics are not only the form of society, ubiquitous propaganda, atheism and the effort of the Communist regime to educate citizens, but also everyday life, e.g. clothing style, housing conditions, food prices, etc. These were in the centre of attention of all authors, however the ways of their presentation and interpretation were different. Positive responses were intertwined with criticising the Soviet situation, and the result was a colourful view of the Soviet Union.


To uncover rules in a treebank grammar which are of dubious quality, we investigate two methods for detecting problematic structures, both based on the same notion of similarity. The first is based on the notion that similar rules should receive the same annotation. The second is based on the idea that rules which are dissimilar to other rules are likely problematic. We show these two methods to be effective in detecting erroneous rules, rules used for ungrammatical or otherwise non-standard constructions, and rules which reveal non-uniform decisions made in the annotation scheme.


Using data from W. P. Knulst's & P. van Beek's Tijd Komt met de jaren: onderzoek naar tegenstellingen en veranderingen in dagelijkse bezigheden van Nederlanders op basis van tijdbudgetonderzoek ([Time Comes with Years: A Study of Contrasts and Changes in the Daily Pursuits of the Dutch on the Basis of Time-Budget Analysis] The Hague: VUGA, 1990), a discussion is presented of changes in the sexual distribution of labor in the Netherlands, 1950-1990. Most political discourse on women's inclusion in the job market ignores the sharing of household tasks among spouses, expecting that equalization at work will lead to equal distribution of chores at home; however, it is shown that women working outside the home receive only slightly more assistance with chores from their husbands than do those who are homemakers. The inequity is most blatant in the area of child care. To increase women's participation in the paid labor force, new conditions are necessary both at home & at work. 1 Table, 3 Graphs, 13 References. Adapted from the source document as translated by M. Meeks.


Image registration based on mutual information (MI) has been widely used in remote sensing data analysis, computer vision, medical image disposal and other fields. But the mutual information is calculated by the joint histogram of two images which don't take into account the space-position relationship of the image pixel, so the registration precision will be degraded. Aiming at the lack of mutual information registration, a new method of medical image registration based on mutual information of multi-scale Harris corner and feature points was given. It effectively improves sensitivity of noise and the situation of being trapped into a local minimum to MI registration.


Abstract Stock market reactions to cybersecurity breach announcements are generally negative. We find significant evidence of opportunistic insider trading, with insiders saving an average of $35,009 due to timely selling in the three months before the announcement of a cybersecurity breach. Late filing violations by insiders are more likely to occur near the announcement of a cyber breach. The bulk of opportunistic trading tends to occur 55–72 days before the public announcement. The results lend support to the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission's recently announced goal of tightening restrictions on insider trading ahead of cyber breach announcements.


Abstract This paper documents the snowstorm that hit eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota during 6–8 January 1989. Fargo, North Dakota, set records for both the greatest 24-h snowfall and the greatest single-storm snowfall with a total of 62 cm. Investigation of regional surface observation time series showed that the snowfall occurred during the early stages of a cyclone event, but the entire snowfall ended before primary cyclogenesis began. Instead, an arctic front, not directly associated with the incipient cyclone, was a focus for increasing frontogenesis and ascent over the Dakotas and Minnesota during the event. Upper-level two-dimensional frontogenesis calculations identified a sloping maximum in the lower troposphere associated with an 850-mb wave, which progressed through North Dakota during the period of heaviest snowfall. Snowfall ceased as the cold side of the sloping maximum reached the Fargo area. Small values of equivalent potential vorticity indicate that weak conditional symmetric s...


With the advancement of renewable energy power generation technology and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, local governments and governments have increased market instruments and incentive policies to promote the consumption of renewable energy. The green certificate trading market based on the renewable portfolio standard is one of the strategies commonly adopted internationally. The green certificate trading market has many similarities and differences from the electricity market. How to effectively design the green certificate trading method to guide market members to make independent quotations and make green certificate purchase and sales volume decisions is very important. Therefore, this paper designs a green certificate trading market mechanism based on double auctions. First of all, with the goal of maximizing individual income, green certificate trading strategies for different types of units are established, and the optimal power generation capacity of the units and the quotation and transaction volume of green certificates are effectively solved by mathematical derivation. Second, based on the theory of double auctions and the principle of priority, a matching model of market members was established. Finally, an example is given to analyze the validity and rationality of the model proposed in this paper.


Objective: Pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs are widely investigated under normothermic conditions and normal hemodynamic parameters. The European Resuscitation Council recommends the use of targeted temperature management (TTM) with a target temperature of 34 °C in cardiac arrest (CA) patients. The aim of this literature review is to investigate the influence of CA combined with TTM on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Results of preclinical and clinical studies are compared with each other. Only the most important drugs, administered during CA in emergency setting, were studied. Methods: A literature search was conducted within PubMed and Google Scholar. The search terms included 'therapeutic hypothermia', 'TTM', 'drug metabolism', 'pharmacokinetics during hypothermia', 'cardiac arrest/etiology'. In Pubmed, MeSH-terms were also included: 'myocardial infarction/therapy', 'heart arrest/complications' and 'hypothermia'. To search for preclinical studies: the search terms 'pigs' and 'swine' were used. After the primary shift of relevant findings, further articles were found through references of these (snowballing method), as well as through related articles as suggested by the databases. Results: Due to the reduced cardiac output during TTM, most of the distribution volume () of drugs included in this literature study is decreased. Only the of chlorzoxazone in CA rats and midazolam in non-CA patients are significantly increased during respectively deep and mild hypothermia. The renal, hepatic and biliary clearance of drugs administered during CA/TTM/hypothermia are decreased. Discussion: The combination of a decreased and a decrease in the metabolization/excretion of drugs during CA/TTM result in higher plasma concentrations compared to the plasma concentrations during CA without TTM.


The resistance against powerful index-calculus attacks makes Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (ECC) an interesting alternative to conventional asymmetric cryptosystems, like RSA. Operands in ECC require significantly less bits at the same level of security, resulting in a higher computational efficiency compared to RSA. With growing computational capabilities and continuous technological improvements over the years, however, the question of the security of ECC against attacks based on special-purpose hardware arises. In this context, recently emerged low-cost FPGAs demand for attention in the domain of hardware-based cryptanalysis: the extraordinary efficiency of modern programmable hardware devices allow for a low-budget implementation of hardware-based ECC attacks---without the requirement of the expensive development of ASICs.
 With focus on the aspect of cost-efficiency, this contribution presents and analyzes an FPGA-based architecture of an attack against ECC over prime fields. A multi-processing hardware architecture for Pollard's Rho method is described. We provide results on actually used key lengths of ECC (128 bits and above) and estimate the expected runtime for a successful attack.
 As a first result, currently used elliptic curve cryptosystems with a security of 160 bit and above turn out to be infeasible to break with available computational and financial resources. However, some of the security standards proposed by the Standards for Efficient Cryptography Group (SECG) become subject to attacks based on low-cost FPGAs.


Two-phase flow monitoring is widely present in various industrial processes. The most popular methods used to estimate flow parameters can be divided into the noncontact and the contact -based modalities. Conductance-based and capacitive sensors are the most popular contact-based techniques used to provide flow parameter estimations. Among the noncontact sensors, optical-based systems are commonly utilized for multiphase flow classification. However, contact-based systems require specific proprieties from the analyzed fluid mixture such as high conductivity or low conductivity and they must be attached to the tube, so accurate measurements can be provided. On the other hand, optical devices lack robustness against ambient light conditions and might require complex computational processing pipelines. In this work, gas-liquid two-phase flow monitoring based on radar technology is proposed. Characteristic flow velocity distributions associated with different two-phase flows are remotely recognized by studying the reflected sub-THz signals that are phase-modulated by the moving gas-liquid interface. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme for the identification of different gas-liquid two-phase flows using sub-THz radar imaging.


Adsorption of tebuthiuron N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N'-dimethylurea appeared to be related to organic matter and clay content. After six successive desorption extractions, 40% of the tebuthiuron was adsorbed in soil with 4.8% organic matter but less than 1% was adsorbed in soil with 0.3% organic matter. Differences in adsorption were also reflected in the activity of tebuthiuron on soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) where it took 4.9 and 9.5 times as much tebuthiuron, respectively in soil with the greater adsorption to reduce growth by 50%. Soil mobility of tebuthiuron was identical to fluometuron[1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl),urea] in three soils tested. Soil mobility of herbicides was greater in soil with low organic matter and low clay content. Both temperature and soil moisture had an effect on persistence of tebuthiuron. Greater dissipation occurred at 15% soil moisture and 30 C than at lower moisture and temperature levels.


We examine the modern condition and directions of investment towards developing the road complex in the Russian Federation. We investigate the dynamics of cargo turnover and passenger turnover in automobile transport, length of roads, quantity of transported goods and passengers. We suggest mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of Russian transportation infrastructure. We present an overview of modernization projects of roads according to the Transport strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030.


Compression characteristics and index properties of unweathered tills and clays from repeated glaciations follow a predictable pattern at 10 sites along a 1300-km transect across southern Saskatchewan. A surface ablation melt-out till of the Battleford Formation is normally consolidated, a basal melt-out till of the Battleford Formation is moderately overconsolidated (σp′ = 400–750 kPa), and the older (pre-Battleford) tills and intertill clays are heavily overconsolidated (1800 ± 200 kPa). Variation in lithology, as indicated by Atterberg limits, is small within formations which reflected in the compression index. The older tills of the Sutherland Group are highly plastic compared with the younger tills of the Saskatoon Group. The in situ dry density of the youngest (Battleford) till is slightly above 100% maximum Proctor density. The in situ dry density of the older (pre-Battleford) tills is at or above the 100% maximum modified Proctor density. At these high densities the in situ degree of saturation is...


Performance analysis between active power filters (APFs) and passive filters (PFs), is carried out in a 33-bus power distribution network to find out which filter gives better system parameters by minimizing total energy loss of the system keeping the total harmonic distortion of voltage (THDv) within a standard limit. Fundamental voltage and current are found out using Backward Forward Sweep (BFS) load flow analysis and the harmonic voltages and currents of the system is calculated using decoupled harmonic load flow. Marine predator algorithm (MPA) is used for optimally allocating and sizing the filters within the power distribution network. A comparative analysis is done for evaluating the effectiveness of different filters for THD mitigation and energy loss minimization, for the span of an entire day. Furthermore, both the filter's performance is also discussed on the basis of its installation cost and quantity of filters being used, to reduce the THDv. Non-linear loads (pulse width modulated) are considered for this entire analysis along with electric vehicle (EV) charging stations and linear loads. The performance of various filters are compared and verified and the obtained results are discussed comprehensively.


This thesis describes the directorial process of a production of Christopher Sergel's adaptation of Harper Lee's novel To Kill a Mockingbird. It follows the process from preproduction through rehearsals. It makes use of the influences of the prior personal history and the recent educational experiences of the director. Throughout it accesses the choices made and concludes with an analysis on the final product.


Despite routine monitoring, a number of prolonged apneic and bradycardic episodes were undetected in a group of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Sixty‐one infants were evaluated by 12‐hour pneumocardiograms at a post‐conceptional age of 35 ± 3 (SD) weeks. Nursing documentation failed to detect 11 infants with prolonged apnea and bradycardia. Three of these infants were not detected in spite of increased awareness following in‐service education. Such a lack of documentation may lead to improper medical management of infants at risk for pathologic apnea and suggests the need for more accurate documentation at the time of discharge.


A 330MW capacity unit W-flame boiler combustion is not stable when firing anthracite coal extremely difficult to burn,and the boiler is unable to stop oil running.Through the boiler and combustion system improvement including increasing refractory belt area and the improvement of burners and combustion systems,the boiler can be operated stably.


With the continuous development after the opening and reforming,civilian-owned enterprise made great contribution to the development of Chinese economy and has become an essential part of it.However,in the fierce competition,many civilian-owned enterprises declined gradually,which has been a barrier to the further development of civilian-owned enterprise.How to keep civilian-owned enterprise energetic and prolong their lifecycle is a significant problem to be solved.


In an area immediately northeast of Taiwan where in April 1989 an on-shelf intrusion of the Kuroshio was observed, hydrographic observations from August 1991 indicate a blocking of the Kuroshio at the continental shelf break. It appears that the Kuroshio approaches the shelf break as a near-bottom current and is deflected. The deflection apparently gives rise to a countercurrent along the shelf break which was observed by a buoy-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler deployed within a month of the hydrographic survey. The on-shelf hydrographic distribution accompanying the deflection exhibits a field of near-bottom eddies dominated by a particularly well organized large pool downstream and to the right of the approaching Kuroshio but well separated from the Kuroshio. The hydrographic properties of the pool are similar to those of the uplifted Kuroshio subsurface water observed in April 1989, suggesting that it may be the remnant of the Kuroshio subsurface water that intruded during the previous winter. A theory of the blocking is put forth in terms of the approach of a bottom current toward a step rise of the bottom in a two-layered, reduced-gravity ocean model in which the thickness of the current exceeds the rise in topography. The theory predicts a complete blocking that features a flow deflection in front of the step and the presence on the step of a preexisting region of high baroclinic pressure, similar to the observation. The theory also predicts approximately correctly the track of the isotherm that bounds the large pool on the side facing the on-rushing Kuroshio.


A smart city is emerging as an application of information and communication technologies to mitigate the problems generated by the urban population growth. One of the smart city solutions is to establish an efficient fleet management relating to the use of a fleet of vehicles (e.g., ambulances and police vehicles). The most basic function in a fleet management system is the real time vehicle tracking component. This component is usually the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) or the integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). To predict the position, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is generally applied using the sensor's measures and the GPS position as a helper. However, the DGPS high cost solution still suffers from GPS satellite signals loss due to multipath errors and the INS require more complex computing. Furthermore, the EKF performance depends on the vehicle dynamic variations and may quickly diverge because of environment changes (i.e, GPS failures by obstructions from building and trees). In this paper, we present a robust low cost approach using EKF and neural networks (NN) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to reliably estimate the real time vehicle position using GPS enhanced with low cost Dead Reckoning (DR) sensors. While GPS signals are available, we train the NN with GA on different dynamics and outage times to learn the position errors so we can correct the future EKF predictions during GPS signal outages. We obtain empirically an improvement of up to 95% over the simple EKF predictions in case of GPS failures.


The effect of composite solder joint fabrication on the thermal properties of MOSFETs was investigated. On the basis of the reference alloy (SAC0307), reinforced composite solder joints with the addition of titanium oxide nanopowder (TiO2 nanoparticles) were prepared. Reinforced joints differed in the weight percentage of TiO2, ranging from 0.125 to 1.0 wt%. MOSFET transistors in the TO-263 package were soldered to metal core substrates (MCPCB). The transient thermal impedance Zthj-a(t) was measured using an indirect electrical method. Based on the measured values, thermal resistances Rthj-a were determined. It was proven that the thermal resistance Rthj-a depends on TiO2 concentration in the composite solder joint, having a minimum at the level of 0.25 wt%. The research highlights the importance of the soldering technology used in the case of the assembly of MOSFETs devices.


This repository contains the data and code presented in "Rideaux & Welchman (2020) But still it moves: static image statistics underlie how we see motion - Journal of Neuroscience". Data includes the trained MotionNet neural network presented in the manuscript, example images used to train MotionNet, and the results from the psychophysical experiment. Code includes scripts used to train and test MotionNet. See the readme.txt file contained in the data_and_code folder for more information.


This paper describes the joint QUAERO submission to the WMT 2011 machine translation evaluation. Four groups (RWTH Aachen University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, LIMSI-CNRS, and SYSTRAN) of the QUAERO project submitted a joint translation for the WMT German→English task. Each group translated the data sets with their own systems. Then RWTH system combination combines these translations to a better one. In this paper, we describe the single systems of each group. Before we present the results of the system combination, we give a short description of the RWTH Aachen system combination approach.


Droplet nuclei are sometimes defined only by size. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines that "droplet nuclei are dried residue of less than 5 microns in size" (1) . But it is sometimes explained as: "Small drops of moisture carrying infectious pathogens are called droplet nuclei" (2) . World Health Organization (WHO) defines that "when the droplet particles are >5-10 μm in diameter they are referred to as respiratory droplets, and when then are <5μm in diameter, they are referred to as droplet nuclei" (3) ,not requiring desiccation..The term droplet nuclei needs to be clearly defined in terms of desiccation. For the purposes of this article, droplet nuclei will be discussed using the CDC's definition of droplet nuclei with a requirement for desiccation. The WHO and CDC's current position is based on the conventional medical definition that in human exhalation origin, only droplet nuclei can cause airborne transmittion (1) . To date, WHO and CDC suspects but do not officially recognize airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission (4) . The viruses that the CDC is currently warning about as causing airborne transmission are limited to measles, chickenpox, disseminated shingles, and smallpox(5) . Other viruses are suspected but not confirmed. Suspected case of SARS-CoV transmission via apartment building air (6) , outbreaks of influenza in an airplane delayed on the ground with inoperative ventilation system (7) , and reports of simultaneous COVID-19 outbreaks in large enclosed spaces (8) , suggest that all these enveloped viruses are transmitted by dry droplet nuclei, because it is unlikely that the fine droplets will stay moist for such long distances and time. Wells found that droplets smaller than 100 μm would completely dry out before falling approximately 2 m to the ground(9) .Morawska calculated that "droplets with sizes of the order of 1μ m evaporate within a few milliseconds, even under the conditions of high relative humidity. Droplets of the order of 10 μ m exist for up to a few tens of a second, while very large droplets, 100 μ m in diameter, survive for up to almost a minute" (10) . SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV exhibited similar half-lives in aerosols, with median estimates around 2.7 hours (11) . In this study, all aerosols should have dried out during the course of the process and turned into droplet nuclei. A couple of hours of half-life time should be sufficient for the dry droplet nuclei to be dispersed and become clinically infectious especially in an enclosed environment. The presence of infectious, replicating virions in <1 µm aerosol samples have been shown by showing increases in viral RNA during cell culture of the virus from aerosol samples (12) . As it has been calculated that droplets with sizes of the order of 1μ m evaporate within a few milliseconds(10) , it indicates that SAS-CoV-2 can cause droplet nuclei transmittion. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown not to be inactivated on plastic and stainless steel for a couple of days (11) . Generally, enveloped viruses which has lipid envelope tend to be more persistent at lower relative humidity, while nonenveloped are more stable at higher relative humidities (13).Airborne transmission is meant by most authors to be synonymous with aerosol transmission (14 ). WHO states as follows: "Airborne transmission is defined as the spread of an infectious agent caused by the dissemination of droplet nuclei (aerosols) that remain infectious when suspended in air over long distances and time" (7). This statement includes two definitions. First, WHO define that the term "airborne transmission" is limited to transmission by droplet nuclei. Second, WHO define that airborne, droplet nuclei, and aerosol transmission are all synonymous. CDC states that "The definition of an aerosol, as used here, is a suspension of tiny particles or droplets in the air, such as dusts, mists, or fumes." (15). CDC's definition requires droplet nuclei to be dry, and airborne transmission is limited to transmission by droplet nuclei.Therefore, aerosol transmission is not synonymous to airborne or droplet nuclei transmission in CDC's definition. Additionally, in most reports stating SARS-CoV-2 is airborne and/or aerosol-transmitted, the definitions of the terms airborne and aerosol are not clear whether those refer only to dry droplet nuclei or it includes fine, moist droplets floating in the air (14 ).The fact that the definitions of aerosols and droplet nuclei are not uniform worldwide, even between the WHO and CDC, is a huge detrimentIndeed, it is difficult to determine how small and how dry a particle is to be called a droplet or droplet nuclei. If the vagueness of this boundary is a problem, the alternative is to abolish the classification of droplets and droplet nuclei and reclassify them as droplets and aerosols, based solely on how much they are suspended in the air, regardless of how dry they are.Along with the global unification of the definitions of aerosols and droplet nuclei, the above theoretical evidence showing that SARS-CoV-2 are drying-resistant and likely to be airborne transmitted by dry droplet nuclei, should be recognized.


Recently, a longitudinal project on the development of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) has started in Belgium and the Netherlands. The main aims of this study are to evaluate the cognitive, motor, communicative and social-emotional abilities of young children with PIMD (between 6 and 48 months old), to analyze the developmental trajectories and patterns in these children, to evaluate the effect of contextual variables on the developmental trajectories and to identify subgroups of children with different developmental patterns or trajectories within the group of children with PIMD. Six-monthly assessments of the child's cognitive, motor, communicative and social-emotional abilities and of contextual variables are realized by means of test protocols, standardized observation procedures, an interview, and questionnaires. Preliminary results on the different domains will be presented.


Using a spatial light modulator instead of galvo-mirrors for scanning in tomographic systems, it is possible to obtain better image resolution while maintaining mechanical stability. Optimized computational algorithms can further enhance resolution.


The mobile psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) has been found to be a valid predictor of cognitive fatigue. However, absolute reaction time (RT) recorded by mobile PVT is inaccurate. This is concerning as participant RTs are used in the analysis of PVT results. This paper aims to characterise this problem and assess the margin of error across common iOS software frameworks. A novel Arduino test instrument was developed to simulate a user's reaction, providing a ground truth for the RT. We found in our experiments that there is between a 29.57% and 48.58% increase over the ground truth RT in the iOS implementations tested. These are significant overestimations that will affect the validity of the outcome metrics for any mobile PVT study participants.


Steinhaus asked in the 1950's whether there exists a set in R 2 meeting every isometric copy of Z 2 in precisely one point. Such a " Steinhaus set " was constructed by Jackson and Mauldin. What about R 3 ? Is there a subset S of R 3 meeting every isometric copy of Z 3 in exactly one point? We offer heuristic evidence that the answer is " no " .


The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling medicinal material storage pests by virtue of pheromone, and belongs to the field of pollution-free pest prevention and control. The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the pheromone of the storage pests and other auxiliaries to prepare a water dispersion agent, impregnating the water dispersion agent of the pheromone in lures, loading the lures in traps, mounting the traps in a warehouse, and adhering pest stickers in various colors to the traps. According to the method, the tropism of the pests is combined, so that the aim of trapping the pests is fulfilled, male adults can be prevented from orienting and finding females for mating, and the population density of the pests is controlled within an economic threshold range; the method is simple, lower in cost, low-carbon, long-acting, stable, environment-friendly and safe for human and animals, and has sustained-release effects and high economic and ecological benefits.


The researcher may conclude that the IPTA students in Sabah mostly aware of the existence of Sabah Tourism Board (STB). However, the functions of the company were not widely known. Students may tend to generalize the functions according to the brand name. The major factor that contributes to the awareness is the internet/ radio. Billboards and event management may also contribute to the awareness but in a very limited way. In order for the students to get close with STB they need, STB to organize a trip for students to explore Sabah more clearly. For the promotional program which will help to improve the IPTA students' awareness in the near future, the students would like to have tourism campaign to be held at their respective university. As a conclusion, IPTA students in Sabah agreed that STB has done a good job in promoting Sabah as a world class destination.


The continuous improvement on quality of products and processes is a constant concern at organizations, as a response to growing competition and demands of the market. The implementation of statistical techniques adjusted to different situations is one way to achieve this goal. The application of traditional control charts requires, among other, that collected data are independent. However this is not always assured, reflecting a drastic increase of false alarms. This article presents a methodology for application of traditional univariate control charts, based on residuals, when data exhibit significant autocorrelation. Implementation took place in the painting process of an automotive company.


Heterogeneous systems are present from powerful supercomputers, to mobile devices, including desktop computers, thanks to their excellent performance and energy consumption. The ubiquity of these architectures in both desktop systems and medium-sized service servers allow enough variability to exploit a wide range of problems, such as multimedia workloads, video encoding, image filtering and inference in machine learning. Due to the heterogeneity, some efforts have been done to reduce the programming effort and preserve performance portability, but these systems include a set of challenges. The context in which applications offload the workload along with the management overheads introduced when doing co-execution, penalize the performance gains under time-constrained scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes optimizations for the EngineCL runtime to reduce the penalization when co-executing in commodity systems, as well as algorithmic improvements when load balancing. An exhaustive experimental evaluation is performed, showing optimization improvements of 7.5% and 17.4% for binary and ROI-based offloading modes, respectively. Thanks to all the optimizations, the new load balancing algorithm is always the most efficient scheduling configuration, achieving an average efficiency of 0.84 under a pessimistic scenario.


Rosemary Adsley provides an overview of Patient Specific Directions (PSDs) and Patient Group Directions (PGDs) and highlights their similarities and differences The use of both Patient Specific Directions (PSDs) and Patient Group Directions (PGDs) is commonplace in primary care. This article will provide a brief overview of the two directions and highlight some similarities and differences between them. It will also provide examples of the situations where each type of direction is currently used and discuss some of the benefits that one type of direction may have over another in certain situations.


The presence of a row of circular cylinders along the centerline in a flume gives a significant drag to the flow (J. JSCE B1 71(4) I 1057 2015). The row can be seen macroscopically as a porous flat plate having both the permeability and roughness effects, and the flow over semiannular stripe roughness elements is the system obtained by removing only the permeability from the flow past the cylinders. In the present study, these flows have been studied comparatively by a two-dimensional numerical experiment to elucidate the impacts of the permeability and the roughness on the flow resistance. The drag on the row of cylinders is found to be roughly one order of magnitude higher than that over the roughness elements. In other words, permeability causes much more resistance to the flow than roughness. The importance of the former tends to be decreased with decreasing the number of cylinders (i.e., increasing the plate porosity). Visualization of the instantaneous flow fields reveals the presence of large scale vortices in both types of flows, and the strength of the vortices is significantly enhanced by the boundary permeability. This then promotes fluid mixing and momentum exchange across the whole flume width, and increases the resistance to the flow.


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