Divan literature is the product of hundreds of years of cultural accumulation from the Ottoman Empire to the present, and it is a great valley where thousands of poets grew up. Just as all great poets adopted a philosophy of art, the leading artists of divan poetry also had a poetic sensitivity. However, their expression of their poetic perception is generally different from those of modern poets. Modern poets have presented their art philosophies sometimes with their poems and sometimes with their distinct works. Thoughts related to poetry in Divan literature were mentioned by poets sometimes in divan preambles, in the reason for writing (sebeb-i telif) sections and often between the lines of the couplets. Other than these, poems with repeated voices like "suhan, saying, meaning, gazel, etc." also have an important function in conveying the poetic consciousness of poets. In this study, more than three hundred divans were scanned, and as a result, one "my poem (şiirum)" and six poems with "poem" rhyme were determined. One poem each by İshak Çelebi, Muhibbî, Emrî and Yahya Bey, and three poems by Zâtî were identified. The identified poems offer us important information on this subject in terms of quality. In this study, the thoughts of divan poets about poetry have been tried to be presented to the attention based on the aforementioned poems.


ABSTRACT sec-Octylphenoxy acetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline were employed for the extraction of bismuth from chloride medium, showing evident synergistic effects on bismuth extraction. Stoichiometry of the synergistic extraction was determined, giving a logarithm value of equilibrium constant of 6.75, which was much higher than those obtained by single sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid or 1,10-phenanthroline. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the synergistic extraction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. Moreover, antagonistic effects were found when the mixture was employed for lead extraction, demonstrating its potential to be applied to the separation of bismuth and lead at low mole fractions of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid.


Formation of the Tibetan Plateau is related to evolution of Neo-Tethys.It was thought that volcanic rocks in the Sangri Group were formed in late Jurassic to early Cretaceous,and represented the earliest magmatic record of the Neo-Tethys subduction. However,there is another volcanic suite called Yeba Formation in the east of the Lhasa block.Eruption of Yeba volcanic rocks was thought to be earlier than the Sangri Group,but lack of chronological evidence.Zircons from a sample of Yeba Formation lavas were selected and dated by LAM-ICP-MS,obtaining an age of 174Ma,indicating that Yeba Formation indeed is older than Sangri Group. In addition,lavas of the Yeba Formation show geochemical characteristics similar to volcanic rocks in an arc or active continental margin,such as LILEs' enrichment and HFSEs' depletion.We conclude that northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys resulted in the magmatic eruption of the Yaba Formation in early-middle Jurassic.If it is true,the Neo-tethys subduction probably started in early- middle Jurassic or earlier.


The purpose of this study is to examine the internet competency scores of high school students according to their various individual features and describe their access conditions at school, at home and at internet cafes. The data has been collected using two instruments namely (1) Student Characteristics and their Internet Access Conditions Questionnaire; and (2) The Internet Competency Scale for High School Students. Instruments have been applied to 516 (220 female and 296 male) students in the metropolitan area of Izmir. There are significant differences between students' internet competency scores and their individual characteristics, such as the type of high school they are enrolled in, where these high schools are located (center or suburb), and their Internet access conditions such as, having computer at home or not, being subscribed to an internet company or not, where they connect, how they have learned and how much time they devote to internet weekly, the most preferred activities on the internet, their level of English and if they are visiting internet cafes or not. There are no significant differences between students' internet competency scores and their individual characteristics such as sex, age, and grade and study area.


Due to the varied community service opportunities offered to intercollegiate studentathletes at many institutions in the United States (NCAA, 2011), it is important to understand the effects and perceptions of these experiences on these student-athletes. Yet, despite the vast opportunities for student-athletes, there is a lack of research on the results and impact of student-athlete participation in community service. This case study presents data that highlights the outcomes of community service participation as specified by the participants, which are categorized in eight themes: Coach Support, Enjoyment, Helping Hand, Leadership, Lessons Learned, Motivation, Staying Connected, and Togetherness. These themes were generated as a result of analysis of the responses taken directly from transcription. Using a grounded theory approach, data collected from this study was analyzed using open and axial coding. Results indicate that community service participation evokes benefits to both the individual studentathlete and the team as a whole, with administrative support (i.e. coaches) playing a key role in experiences of these athletes. In addition, responses from the participants revealed studentathletes should provide input (i.e. selection) on community service projects, community service should occur regularly within the athletic program, require student-athletes to work together, and elicit a meaningful experience.


In (2), Holcombe investigated near-rings of zero-preserving mappings of a group Γ which commute with the elements of a semigroup S of endomorphisms of Γ and examined the question: under what conditions do near-rings of this type have near-rings of right quotients which are 2-primitive with minimum condition on right ideals? In the first part of this paper (§2) we investigate further properties of near-rings of this type. The second part of the paper (§3) deals with those near-rings which have semisimple near-rings of right quotients. Our results here are analogous to those of Goldie (1); in particular, with a suitable definition of finite rank we prove that a near-ring which has a semisimple near-ring of right quotients has finite rank


We
   present
   a
   system
   for
   creating
   new
   versions
   of
   a
   given
   song ("Seed
  Song").

  The
  principal
  novelty
  in
  our
  approach
  centres
  on
  the
  use of
   multitrack
   audio
   session
   to
   extract
   more
   accurate
   and
   specific information,
   rather
   than
   use
   the
   final
   mix
   of
   that
   song.
   The
   system analyses
   every
   audio
   track
  of
   the
   audio
   session
   to
   extract
   features
   that will
  help
  preserving
  the
  melodic\tonal,
  rhythm
  and
  timbre
  content
  of
  the "Seed
  Song".
  Then
  the
  system
  reconstructs
  the
  song
  using
  freely
  available audios
   from
   the
   Freesound
   Community1.
   Central
   to
   our
   system
   is
   an objective
   (melodic\tonal
   preservation,
   rhythm
   preservation,
   timbre preservation)
  and
  subjective
  (originality
  and
  interestingness)
  evaluation via
   a
   listening
   test
   to
   examine
   the
   listener's
   acceptance
   of
   the
   songs created
  by
  the
  system. Keywords:
   creative
   MIR,
   Music
   remixing,
   sound
   similarity,
   creative reuse,
  remix
  culture,
  open
  content,
  interestingness.


This article presents a multistage singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method to denoise a signal efficiently and adaptively. The multistage SSA is to apply the basic SSA recursively toward the noisy signal. Therefore, the noise-dominated components will be extracted out from the noisy signal stage by stage. However, the denoised signal is still noisy if the number of stages is small. On the other hand, after all the noise-dominated components have been extracted out by enough number of stages, some signal-dominated components begin to be moved into the noise group as the multistage SSA-based denoising proceeds. An adaptive criterion based on the correlation measure is proposed to terminate the multistage SSA-based denoising algorithm to prevent moving the signal-dominated components into the noise group. The multistage SSA-based denoising algorithm is efficient since the window length is selected as a small positive integer in every stage. Also, the adaptive stop criterion makes the proposed method avoid inappropriate parameter selection effectively. Computer numerical simulation results show that the proposed method has better denoising performance toward different test signals under different noise levels and needs less processing time when compared with the conventional SSA denoising method.


Although theories and methods for land valuation in cities of China are close to perfection,those for evaluation of agricultural land not yet mature.Income capitalization is one of main approach of evaluation for agricultural land price.Being one of the most important parameter in this method,the objective net-income determination appears especially essential.And the objective net benefit determination is frequently dependent on the objective gross income of farming which the objectively total cost is deducted.Based on the agricultural estimate practice which units concrete agriculture production practice,this article points out that when the income capitalization approach is used for agricultural land price evaluation,problems appear including irrational agricultural net-income surveys,actual net-income replaces anticipated net-income,as well as return to original state interest rate and so on.The probable expenses and their determination in agricultural activities were analyzes in detail to support the practical evaluation.


* University of Bielsko-Biala, Faculty of Materials and Environment Science, Institute of Textile Engineering and Polymer Materials, ul. Willowa 2, 33-333 Bielsko-Biała, Poland Abstract The verification of models based on multiple regress servants for the assessment of the ring spinning process of classic as well as compact cotton yarns was carried out. The analysis of results obtained showed that the statistical models proposed were very useful in making a qualitative and productive comparison of the yarns considered. Decreasing the metric coefficient of the twist αm and percentage noils pw during the production of compact yarn makes possible the obtainment of significant productive effects and the lowering of the costs of producing the yarn without an excessive worsening of quality.


We investigate the time‐varying relationship of funding liquidity (FL) and market liquidity (ML) in a Markov regime‐switching model. By using a comprehensive U.S. TRACE dataset, we provide strong evidence that FL and corporate bond ML are interlinked, and their impact on each other is highly regime‐dependent. We find that FL and ML exhibit a large‐and‐positive mutual impact when money market is tight and equity market is volatile. But in normal regimes, FL is found to have a negative impact on ML with a much smaller magnitude than those in stressed regimes. Furthermore, FL is more stable than ML with less regime changes. Our article offers insight on the important mechanism by which central banks can improve ML through the funding market.


Due to recent eutrophication,oxygen-poor water develops annually near the bottom of Ise Bay, central Japan,in summer to autumn.This study examined seasonal and interannual variations in the abun dance,biomass and distribution f megabenthos in the bay over a7-year period to see if they were affected by this oxygen-poor water.The biomass of megabenthos,as well as the abundance/biomass of the dominant megabenthos species,drastically decreased during warm periods when oxygen-poor water developed,and in creased from autumn to spring of the following year when oxygen-poor water no longer occurred.Seasonal variations in the spatial distributions of dominant species changed closely with the development of oxygenpoor water.The dominant taxa among the megabenthos(mainly echinoderms and crustaceans)and the dominant species within each dominant taxon changed drastically during the study.For crustaceans,the dominant species from1996to1998(Paradorippe granulata and Cancer gibbosulus)differed greatly from those dominant from1993to1994(Carcinoplax vestita,Oratosquilla oratoria and Charybdis bimaculata). This change may have been related to the matching/mismatching of spawning and larval recruitment events of each dominant taxon or species with the development and dissolution of oxygen-poor water in the bay.


Abstract:In Mansfield Park, Fanny Price's journey to gentility parallels Sir Thomas Bertram's journey to Antigua. They are, in fact, two sides of the same coin. The plot centers on growth and refining—both in training Fanny to become a marriageable young lady and in addressing sugar production issues on Sir Thomas's Antigua estate. Fanny must undergo a process to become "sweet" (her most common descriptor) just as surely as the plantation sugar cane on which her fortunes depend. This essay offers a contrapuntal reading of Austen's novel, reading Fanny's growth in terms of sugar refining and yam growth in the Caribbean.


A preliminary investigation of the Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) was initiated by Becker (MS) as part of the program of biological investigations carried on at the Lake Itasca Forestry and Biological Station of The University of Minnesota. Becker's original study was expanded by me, and field work was done from June through August, 1958, in an attempt to clarify the role of the Belted Kingfisher in the ecologic community at Itasca. The objectives of the field study of 1958 were: (1) to devise methods of trapping and marking the Itasca population of kingfishers; (2) to estimate the breeding population in Itasca Park; (3) to determine the daily range of nesting kingfishers; and (4) to obtain additional life history data. The Lake Itasca Forestry and Biological Station is located on the eastern shore of Lake Itasca in Itasca State Park, Minnesota. The 50 square miles of Itasca Park contain northern conifer-hardwood forest, central hardwood forest, and prairie. Lakes, bogs, and ecotones are abundant. The study area consisted of 25 square miles in the eastern half of the park. Intensive studies on the feeding habits of the Belted Kingfisher have been carried on in the maritime provinces of Canada (White, 1953) and in Michigan (Sayler and Lagler, 1949). Interesting accounts of this bird's habits and life history may be found in Barrows (1912), Bent (1940), Forbush (1927), and Roberts (1932).A review of the literature, however, reveals little information about the daily range of nesting kingfishers, their fishing territories, and their population dynamics. Furthermore, earlier studies on the Belted Kingfisher have dealt with the bird as a streamside occupant, whereas at Itasca it utilizes a lake shore habitat.


The consignment of industrial wage labor and its central figures to the status of ruins has become something of a cliché in contemporary scholarship and artistic practice. On this view, its demise first became apparent in the 1970s, the precise moment when Brazilian labor movements experienced their first significant gains. This article identifies, describes, and analyzes the emergence of a cinema-labor cycle in São Paulo (1977–82) that constitutes a key instance of Brazil's "deferred 1968": a complex response to the distinct pressures of a repressive military regime, entrenched paternalistic union structures, and the auteurist legacy in cinema. In their efforts to apprehend the largest strikes in recent history, filmmakers in the cinema-labor cycle attempted what had seemed elusive in Brazilian cinema up until this point: a mutually constituting alliance between cinema and labor. This article focuses above all on the new understandings of time—including urgency, immediacy, the present tense, and the belated—forged in these films, and the new relationships that emerged among artists and worker-activists as a result. Ultimately, an analysis of this film cycle queries attempts to inscribe both cinema and labor in the past tense.


We propose a finite volume method on general meshes for the numerical simulation of an incompressible and immiscible two-phase flow in porous media. We consider the case that can be written as a coupled system involving a degenerate parabolic convection-diffusion equation for the saturation together with a uniformly elliptic equation for the global pressure. The numerical scheme, which is implicit in time, allows computations in the case of a heterogeneous and anisotropic permeability tensor. The convective fluxes, which are non monotone with respect to the unknown saturation and discontinuous with respect to the space variables, are discretized by means of a special Godunov scheme. We prove the existence of a discrete solution which converges, along a subsequence, to a solution of the continuous problem. We present a number of numerical results in space dimension two, which confirm the efficiency of the numerical method.


This paper presents three outcomes of research into bodily aspects of human-to-object interaction. The study is part of my quest for movement-based interaction for inducing emotion, focusing on clothing as an interactive object. The first outcome relates to the role the concept 'movement' plays in emotional interaction with objects, eliciting emotional properties in terms of how people hold and wrap their bodies in relation to the interaction. The second outcome relates to the unexplored conceptual space (i.e. personal and general space) where someone is comfortable with a particular 'garment'. Finally, I report the exploration process of shape change "Trans-ForM-otion" as an interactive medium through prototyping in a design activity. Based on De Rivera's theory of emotion and Gibson's affordance theory, along with examples of current practice and studies of emotion-based clothing design, I analyse and critique the relevant design concepts and methods. The paper concludes by describing some outcomes of a design prototyping activity within the context of 'object playing with movement' treated as a source of comfort and enjoyment. This research contributes to the interactive design field and, through examples, shows how designers can incorporate behavioural concerns into their design process.


DISCUSSION Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF), first described by Shulman in 1974, is an uncommon clinicopathologic entity within the morphea/scleroderma spectrum of autoimmune disease. Scleroderma as a whole can be considered in 2 categories, namely systemic sclerosis, typically encompassing cutaneous and internal organ involvement, and localized scleroderma (morphea), affecting only the skin and/or immediate underlying structures. Morphea, in turn, has many variants and they have been classified by Peterson et al as plaque, generalized, bullous, linear and deep types of morphea. Subcategories of these variants also exist and the group termed ''deep morphea'' includes morphea profundus, EF and disabling pansclerotic morphea. Common threads among these 3 entities include involvement of the deep dermis, subcutis, fascia, and perimysium by an inflammatory and sclerosing process with identical histopathological features. This occurs in an inflammatory background often marked by peripheral blood eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. The distribution, extent and depth of disease, among other factors, help to distinguish these entities from one another but some overlap exists. Local complications of the fibrosing process include limitation of joint movement and compression of peripheral nerves (eg, carpal tunnel syndrome). There may be associated arthralgias or arthritis, but systemic disease is usually absent as are serological markers of systemic sclerosis. The precise underlying etiopathogenesis of these disorders is unknown, but involvement of cytokines (eg, IL-5) and other molecules (eg, TGF-beta) which promote collagen synthesis by fibroblasts has been documented. At the histopathological level, all subtypes of morphea, irrespective of whether the dermis, the subcutis or the fascia is affected, evolve sequentially through (i) inflammatory, (ii) mixed inflammatory and sclerosing, and (iii) sclerosing phases, sometimes culminating in an atrophic phase. Accordingly, the expected microscopic findings vary with the stage of the disease. They range from an initial pattern of perivascular (or perivascular and interstitial) lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, often with a few eosinophils, to a stage where the infiltrate is accompanied by thickening and confluence of pre-existing collagen fibres with formation of a dense, expanded sclerotic stroma, to a later point when the collagenous changes persist in the face of depletion of the inflammatory infiltrate. In some cases, an atrophic phase ensues in which the collagen fibres are thinned. Of interest, although peripheral blood eosinophilia is a common finding in EF, the number of eosinophils in the tissue infiltrate is variable, ranging from moderate numbers, to few, to none. Excluding the 2 epidemics of EF-like syndromes due to ingestion of toxic substances (eg, the toxic oil syndrome in Spain in 1981 and the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in the US in 1989) fewer than 300 cases of primary EF have been reported in the literature. Though rare the true incidence of the disease is unknown. It is more common in males than in females, Whites are affected more frequently than other races, and the usual age range is between 20 and 60 years. The onset of the disease tends to be abrupt, and in 50% of cases, it is preceded by a history strenuous exercise or trauma. There is a predilection for involvement of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the extremities with involvement of the forearms and/or lower legs and sparing of the digits. The trunk and neck may also be affected. The involved skin initially appears edematous, later becomes dimpled due to focal fibrotic tethering and ultimately portrays a marble-like induration which is bound-down to underlying structures. In keeping with its name extensive fascial involvement is a hallmark of the disease. Serological inflammatory markers are usually present and they tend to correlate with disease activity, but they are not requisite for the diagnosis. Up to 30% of patients have concomitant lesions of plaque-type morphea which may be asynchronous with the onset of EF. In 10%–15% of patients underlying hematological disorders or malignancies have been found, but the nature of this association is unclear. Oral corticosteroids represent first-line therapy in EF, with expected improvement in cutaneous induration and range of movement of joints. Evidence for the role and effectiveness of second line agents such as plaquenil, methotrexate, and cyclosporine is less compelling. From the *Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Capital District Health Authority and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; †Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Capital District Health Authority and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; and ‡Department of Radiology, Aberdeen Hospital, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, Canada. The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose. Reprints: Dr Noreen M. G. Walsh, FRCP, FRCPath (UK), MRCPI, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Capital District Health Authority (QEII Site), 721 Mackenzie Bld, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H1V8 (e-mail: email@example.com). Copyright 2011 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins


The encoding mode and break location were manipulated to explore the encoding mode effect and break location effect of temporal reproduction task.Experiment 1 and experiment 2 tried to explore whether time reproduction was influenced by break in encoding period and the effect of break location,respectively,with the results that there was no significant difference in both encoding modes for 1700ms target duration,and the temporal reproduction in break encoding condition was shorter than that in continuous encoding condition for 2300ms target duration.The results showed that the latter the break location,the shorter the temporal reproduction was in both 1700ms and 2300ms target duration conditions.


Titers of several heterophilic antibodies have been found elevated following the administration of blood group substance A through blood transfusion. These antibodies include sheep agglutinins, beef hemolysins, beef agglutinins, and occasionally sheep hemolysins. The titers of the first two antibodies which are consistently elevated also in infectious mononucleosis may be a source of error in the serologic diagnosis of this disease. However, antibodies in the two conditions can be differentiated by absorption with: 1) guinea pig kidney and beef erythrocytes, as is done in the differential test; 2) blood group substance A which removes completely the antibodies that follow immunization with substance A but not in infectious mononucleosis. We could find no evidence to indicate that heterophilic antibodies in infectious mononucleosis are produced against the host's blood group antigens.


Most leguminous crops including lentil require neutral to slightly acidic range of soil pH for favourable nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The quest for acid soil compatible Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strain is important for promotion of lentil crop under rice-lentil rotation in acid soil regions. In this investigation, native R. leguminosarum strains were isolated from the nodules of pea plants grown in pots using acid soil and isolated native Rhizobium strains were confirmed on CRYEMA (congo red Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar) media. Four native R. leguminosarum strains (NR1, NR2, NR3 and NR4) obtained from four acid soil types were further screened for nodulation efficiency and yield attributes of lentil crop against a reference exotic strain R. leguminosarum CK1 (ER). The results indicated that the performance of native Rhizobium strain (NR2) was the best among native isolates and performed on par with the reference strain (CK1) in acid soils of Meghalaya.


In this paper the discrete generalized Radon transform will be investigated as a tool for detection of curves in noisy digital images. The discrete generalized Radon transform maps an image into a parameter domain, where curves following a specific parameterized curve form will correspond to a peak in the parameter domain. A major advantage of the generalized Radon transform is that the curves are allowed to intersect. This enables a thresholding algorithm in the parameter domain for simultaneous detection of curve parameters. A threshold level based on the noise level in the image is derived. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the theory.


To solve the complex and nonlinear illumination direction classification problem in face recognition,a method based on bifurcate tree and SVM is proposed in this paper.Before using the SVM,light directions are firstly sorted into a bifurcate tree according to its intrinsic intensity distribution which assure that only a few classes are sorted at every branch.Moreover,different features are extracted for SVM at the different levels according to the lighting characteristics of the corresponding levels.Experiment results show that the proposed method is efficient to solve multi-classes classification problem and the accuracy can be achieved to 89.16%.


existing software system sometimes needs to be redesigned to accommodate various change requirements. A system analyst gathers new user requirements to analyze software requirements and create a conceptual model of the new version of the system. While certain requirements of the existing software system should remain in the new version of the system, some of them may be dropped and some new requirements are to be added. Since incomplete software requirements will lead to incorrect design of the new system, the system analyst needs to verify that the gathered requirements for the new system are complete, i.e. those that should be retained in the new system are not missing and those that are changed or newly introduced are included. This paper presents a method to help the system analyst to verify change requirements for the new version of the software system. As an initial model created from the new software requirements, the conceptual UML class diagram of the new system is compared with that of the existing system. The comparison algorithm called S-UMLDiff considers similarity of the diagram structure and semantic similarity of names in the two diagrams. The reported similarities and differences between the diagrams can assist the system analyst in reviewing the conceptual model of the new system to verify early on whether it is built upon a complete set of change requirements. The paper also presents an evaluation which shows that the S-UMLDiff algorithm performs well, having precision of 0.88 and recall of 0.94.


T cell activation via dendritic cells (DC) is an important step in the adaptive immune response, which requires DC maturation, migration to lymph nodes and presentation of antigen to T cells. CD137 receptor expressed on activated T cells is a potent costimulatory molecule. Here, we investigated the functions of CD137 ligand (CD137L) in human monocyte‐derived DC during an immune response. Cross‐linking of CD137L on DC leads to cell maturation in an autocrine fashion, mostly via release of TNF‐α. Reverse signaling of CD137L also mediates migration of DC via up‐regulation of the CCR7 chemokine receptor, demonstrated by an in vivo MIP‐3β‐dependent SCID mouse migration model. Finally, CD137L‐activated DC induce differentiation of human T cells into potent Th1 effectors. Cocultivation of autologous T cells and CD137L‐activated DC in an antigen‐specific reaction leads to T cell proliferation and the release of IL‐12p70 and IFN‐γ. These findings deliver new insights into the multiple effects of reverse signaling of CD137L in human DC during the initiation of an adaptive immune response, including the key features of DC maturation, migration and, ultimately, antigen‐specific T cell differentiation.


The initial design-width formulas of small streams should be determined differently according to the hydrologic and geographical characteristics of the local area. However, the currently applied design-width formula of the design criteria used in water resource design practices does not consider recent rainfall trends and the characteristics of local small streams. Because the extent of the variation in the flood level of small stream is large according to the calculation of the initial design-width, the optimal design-width should be determined through repeated calculation by the trial and error method. Thus, the initial design-width calculation considering regional characteristics is crucial for efficiency and economic analyses of small stream design. In this study, initial design-width formulas were developed by performing regression analysis through univariate and multivariate analysis of design floods, drainage area, and bed slope considering the characteristics in western Gangwon. The proposed initial design-width formulas will be used as a basic design practice data for determining the initial design-width or for verifying the determined design-width of a small stream in this region.


A method and system for realizing a control on children lock are disclosed in the present invention. Wherein the method includes: setting a rating for a user, setting a user password for a children lock, and beforehand dividing ratings for all programs of live channels; by comparing the rating for the user with the rating for the program, judging whether the program played on a current live channel is limited by the children lock; if no, keeping on playing the program of the current live channel; if so, pausing to play it, prompting the user to input the password for the children lock, and keeping on playing the program of the current live channel after the input password for the children lock is verified to be right. The present invention can realize a children lock function for the live channel according to programs and time, perform a control on the children lock based on a program guide of the channel, provide different controls for different time of the live channel, and provide the more accurate children lock functions for users, thus ensuring requirements of a master of a family relating to control the contents, and also improving service of an operator.


— Zinc borate is an important boron compound that can be used as multi-functional flame retardant additive due to its high dehydration temperature property. In this study, the raw materials of ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O, NaOH and H 3 BO 3 were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and used in the synthesis of zinc borates. The synthesis parameters were set to 100°C reaction temperature and 120 minutes of reaction time, with different molar ratio of starting materials (ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O:NaOH:H 3 BO 3 ). After the zinc borate synthesis, the identifications of the products were conducted by XRD and FT-IR. As a result, Zinc Oxide Borate Hydrate [Zn 3 B 6 O 12 .3.5H 2 O], were synthesized at the molar ratios of 1:1:3, 1:1:4, 1:2:5 and 1:2:6. Among these ratios 1:2:6 had the best results.


We present a novel method for interleaving planning with execution, called iterative deepening in hypotheticals. The method consists of performing an iterative deepening search in the space of partially ordered hypothetical plans. Hypothetical plans are partial plans in which the achievement of an otherwise unachievable goal may be conditioned on certain outcomes of sensing. This approach has been implemented within the PSIPLAN-S framework and used in a collaborative bibliography assistant, called Writer's Aid.


The melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet provides direct connections between atmospheric, supraglacial and subglacial environments. The intraglacial hydrological pathways that result are believed to accommodate the microbial colonization of subglacial environments; however, little is known about the abundance, diversity and activity of microorganisms within these niches. The Greenland Ice Sheet (1.7 million square kilometers) and its associated surpaglacial and subglacial ecosystems may contribute significantly to biogeochemical cycling processes. We analyzed subglacial microbial assemblages in subglacial outflows, near Thule and Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland. The investigative approach included correlating microbial diversity, inferred function, abundance, melt water chemistry, O-18 water isotope ratios, alkalinity and sediment load. Using Illumina sequencing, bacterial small subunit ribosomal RNA hypervariable regions have been targeted and amplified from both extracted DNA and reverse transcribed rRNA. Over 3 billion sequence reads have been generated to create a comprehensive diversity profile. Total abundances ranged from 2.24E+04 to 1.58E+06 cells mL-1. In comparison, the total abundance of supraglacial early season snow samples ranged from 3.35E+02 to 2.8E+04 cells mL-1. 65 % of samples incubated with cyano ditoyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC), used to identify actively respiring cells, contained CTC-positive cells. On average, these cells represented 1.9 % of the estimated total abundance (1.86E+02 to 2.19E+03 CTC positive cells mL-1; 1.39E+03 cells mL-1 standard deviation); comparative to those measured in temperate freshwater lakes. The overarching objective of our research is to provide data that indicates the role of microbial communities, associated with ice sheets, in elemental cycling and in the release of biomass and nutrients to the surrounding marine biome.


This research aims to analyze the influence of the non-performing loan, loan to deposit ratio, operational efficiency ratio, capital adequacy ratio and firm size on return on assets banking company listed on the Indonesia stock exchange during the period 2008-2011. The Sample used in this study is as much as 23 companies, whereas the methods of analysis used is multiple regression based on ordinary least square (OLS) The results showed that based on the test-t, it can be inferred that the non-performing loan, the operational efficiency ratio and firm size effect significantly to profitability (as measured by return on assets). While the loan to deposit ratio and capital adequacy ratio was not significant effect of the return on asset banking company. In the meantime, based on test-F all independent variables influence significantly to return on asset banking company listed on the Indonesia stock exchange period 2008-2011


Admissibility and robust H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ controller design is considered here as uncertain 2‐D discrete singular systems with interval time‐varying delays and norm‐bounded parameter uncertainties. By employing an augmented Lyapunov‐Krasovskii's functional and then using a new version of Jensen inequality combined with an improved reciprocally convex approach, a new delay‐dependent admissibility condition is obtained, consequently the robust controller is designed in terms of linear matrix inequality. Numerical examples are proposed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.


This paper describes InP HBTs with a novel emitter simply consisting of a degenerately doped n+-InGaAs layer and an undoped InP thin layer. An n+-InP layer is not necessary because the quasi-Femi level in the n+-InGaAs layer is high enough to exceed the conduction band discontinuity between the n+ -InGaAs layer and the undoped InP layer. In the proposed structure, a thin ( ~ 10 nm) ledge structure can easily be fabricated by etching the n+-InGaAs layer. The fabricated HBTs with a 15-nm-thick ledge structure provide a high collector current density of over 6 mA/¿m2 . There is almost no degradation of current gain, although the emitter width is reduced to as small as 0.5 ¿m. The HBTs also exhibit an ft of 324 GHz at a collector current density of 5.5 mA/¿m2, which is comparable with that of HBTs with a conventional emitter consisting of an n+ -InGaAs layer, an n+-InP layer, and an n-InP layer. From the results of accelerated life tests, the activation energy of the degradation in HBTs is estimated to be around 1.8 eV, and the extrapolated mean time to failure is estimated to be over 108 h at a junction temperature of 125°C.


To investigate the Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness characteristics of hybrid laminates with nonwoven carbon tissue under severe temperature conditions, double cantilever beam and end notched flexure tests were conducted. The hybrid laminates were made by interleaving the NWCT-prepreg between the CFRP-prepreg layers. The mean GIC values of the hybrid specimens at +60℃ and +80℃ were about 19% and 92% higher than those of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer specimens at +60℃ and +80℃, respectively. The mean GIC values of the hybrid specimens increased due to the carbon short-fibers bridging and breakage by softening of epoxy resin in the nonwoven carbon tissue layer (NWCT) as the temperature rises. The mean GIIC values of the hybrid specimens at −60℃ to +80℃ were about 171% to 189% higher than those of the CFRP specimens at −60℃ to +80℃, respectively. When the decreasing rate (the mean GIIC value of the CFRP specimen at +80℃ was about 18% lower than that of the CFRP specimen at room temperature.) of the mean GIIC values of the CFRP specimens at +80℃ was compared, the decreasing rate (the mean GIIC value of the hybrid specimen at +80℃ was about 9% lower than that of the hybrid specimen at room temperature.) of the mean GIIC values of the hybrid specimens at +80℃ slowed down significantly due to the carbon short-fibers bridging, carbon short-fibers breakage and hackles. Consequently, the mean GIIC values of the hybrid specimens in the range of −60℃ to +80℃ have no significant influence on softening of epoxy resin.


(whether women or travesti!) anatomy seen as evoking male desire are tetas and bundas (Pelucio 2009). Other affirmations that the author makes throughout the text could be subjected to further questioning, such as her allegation that (poor) men do not enjoy a sociability comparable to that which the women she has engaged with weave around moments of daily life and telenovela watching—which in fact Almeida's ethnography has shown is not always such an exclusively female pastime. Our own research (Adelman and Becker, forthcoming) forms part of an ethnographic literature providing quite another picture, pointing to popular and middle-class men's privileged (public sphere) access to particular spaces and opportunities for homosocial activities of leisure and sociability, particularly those that are linked to sport. These difficulties aside, Brown provides a brave and important narrative, of ample interest to gender and media scholars and to all who seek to understand the contemporary world, its processes of inclusion and exclusion, connection and marginalization.


Angiodysplasic lesions can be located anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but most of them are found in the cecum and right colon. Angiodysplasias are very infrequent in the stomach and small bowel. These lesions can be associated with several clinical conditions, such as certain coagulation disorders and liver diseases. We report the case of a diffuse gastrointestinal angiodysplasia in a female patient with idiopathic cirrhosis of the liver who developed a coagulopathy which mimicked von Willebrand disease. After repeated blood transfusions, which were not able to control the anemia of the patient, an antrectomy was performed because most lesions were located in the antrum. The procedure did not achieve a suitable control of the bleeding. Finally, a hormonal therapy combining estrogens and progestagens, was able to control, at least partially, the patient's chronic gastrointestinal bleeding.


under the acidic condition,pipeline corrosion is very serious,which brings much harm.Therefore,the study of metal corrosion is very important.This paper introduces the use of gas pipelines at home and abroad,and describes the materials and characteristics of these pipelines.For the different reasons of corrosion,this paper introduced some precautions,such as coating with anti-corrosion insulation on the pipelines,cathodic protection,and connecting line.In addition,the advantages and disadvantages of precautions are analyzed.An economically feasible and very effective anti-corrosion method is coating of a high-quality on the pipelines,and taking catholic protection actually.


Drying is a technique to preserve agriculture and fish products in order to raise their value or transform them into storable or marketable items. Drying is still carried out in the traditional manner of spreading the product on the ground in the open air or, as in the cereal industry, through the use of dryers operated with conventional fuels. Main objective of this project is to design and develop solar dryer to test thermal performance for crop and fish drying. The dryer is a green house type design for multi crop drying. The economic cost of the dryer is very much affordable for poor farmers. The dryer developed can be used as substitute to electrical and mechanical dryers in semi urban and rural areas of India for drying various agri- crops and fishes. It is estimated that agri-crops and fishes obtained from the solar dryer of high quality fetching more market price for the farmers.


The present invention is technological process of dyeing silk fabric with vegetable dye and belongs to the field of fabric producing technology. The technological process includes the following steps: degumming silk fabric biologically with enzyme, flushing with cold water, and winding; dyeing the degummed silk fabric through adding acetic acid to regulate pH value, adding neutral phosphate and mordant, adding tea lutein as vegetable dye and heating; cold water washing, soaping, hot water washing, cold water washing, stoving, pre-shrinking to set breadth, and winding or packing. The dyeing process has high dyeing homogeneity, high stability and less damage to silk fabric.


To the Editor: —The recently published statement that the American Medical Association is publishing the Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus at a financial loss merits serious consideration. Doubtless a larger subscription list would enable the Association to avoid the still greater deficit that will be faced in the future. An increase in subscribers would result, if it were more generally appreciated that the Index represents a service the value of which cannot be overestimated. Some years since I read in a German medical journal an article on the treatment of cancer. At that time the article made no particular impression on me and I forgot all about it. Even another article on this subject, condemning the method, produced no especial impression, for I had already made up my mind that the agent represented merely one of the many varieties of the dyes that had been tried experimentally without producing tangible results


The Indonesian Ministry of Health established a Recovery Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT-P) to overcome the problem of malnutrition in children under five. The low percentage of toddlers who have increased their nutritional status after getting additional food during 2019 indicates a problem in implementing the PMT-P program at the Sebangar Health Center. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the PMT-P program for wasting toddlers at the Sebangar Health Center based on input, process and output components. This study used a qualitative method with a research design Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP). Primary data collected trough in-depth interviews and observations. Informants are nutrition officers, head of health center, village midwives, cadres of Integrated Healthcare Center and wasting mothers. The results showed that nutrition officers lacked experience in being the person in charge of the PMT-P program for toddlers at the Sebangar Health Center. Lack of understanding of the officers regarding the PMT-P program guidelines for toddlers due to the lack of socialization by nutrition officers. Storage places for additional food at both the health center and the village do not meet the requirements. Monitoring by the officers was not carried out according to the PMT-P guidelines. The resulting output is still low, only 1 out of 5 target children whose nutritional status changes to normal. The implementation of the program of providing additional recovery food for wasting toddlers at the Sebangar Health Center in 2020 is not optimal because there are still several components do not comply with the PMT-P program guidelines for toddlers.


An efficient and direct method is described for the synthesis of 5-arylamino-1H-tetrazoles (Isomer A) or 1-aryl-5-amino-1H-tetrazoles (Isomer B) and 5-aryloxytetrazoles from arylcyanamides or cynates with nano CoFe2O4 as a reusable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst. Isomer A was obtained from arylcyanamides carrying electron-withdrawing substituents on the aryl ring, while isomer B was produced with electron-releasing groups. The significant advantages of this methodology are high yields, elimination of dangerous and harmful hydrazoic acid, simple work-up procedure and the recovery and reusability of the catalyst.


This study was initiated to explore the toxic effects of dioxins in HepG2 cells when exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD at five different concentrations(0,0.001,0.01,0.1,1.0 nmol · L-1).The separation of proteins and metabolites was achieved by the centrifugation method with 90% methanol as solvent,and then 23 extracellular metabolites(20 underivatized amino acids,lactate,glycerol and urea) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS.The recoveries of the 23 cell metabolites were 91%—105% and the relative standard deviations(RSDs) of peak areas of the extracted ion chromatograms were below 10%.Meanwhile,the influence of 2,3,7,8-TCDD on the metabolic flux analysis in HepG2 cells was evaluated.The results showed that the disturbance of 2,3,7,8-TCDD on the metabolism of HepG2 increased its concentration.The addition of 2,3,7,8-TCDD decreased the cell absorption of glucose and further inhibited the glycolysis.On the other hand,exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD induced a significant increase of lactic acid metabolic flux,and thus caused excessive lactic acid in HepG2 cells.


In order to proactively manage facility assets and allocate resources to optimize facility performance, infrastructure asset management professionals at all levels need improved decision support tools and processes. This paper addresses the business process framework for developing a comprehensive facility infrastructure investment plan using information about current and projected future asset condition. This process starts by identifying which building components are candidates for corrective repair or replacement using standards and policies linked to acceptable building performance requirements. Next, a prioritization schema determines which work actions are most important for funding when budgets are constrained. Priorities are developed through importance and condition metrics, risk assessment, penalty costs of not doing work, and return on investment (ROI) analysis and metrics. These financial metrics also help to determine the best option between component stop-gap repair, major repair, or total replacement alternatives by evaluating the economic return over the lifecycle of the asset. Finally, consequence analysis simulations determine the impact of difference standards, policies, and budget levels, further maximizing building performance and return on investment.


Many companies pigeon‐hole marketing as a non‐value adding activity. But an auditing framework developed with 600 managers is putting marketing measurement on the senior executive agenda. Users include First Direct, Sainsbury and SmithKline Beecham.


We report in this paper the synthesis, characterisation and spin-crossover (SCO) properties of a series of nanocomposite materials containing very small (∼3 nm) Hofmann clathrate [Fe(pz){M(CN)4}] (M = Ni2+, Pt2+, Pd2+) nanoparticles embedded into different biopolymer polysaccharide matrices: chitosan and alginate. With the objective to understand the influence of the matrix on the SCO properties in these systems, we have modified the internal structure of the matrix, leading to aerogel, xerogel, beads or thin film samples. We show that the cooperativity associated with the spin crossover behaviour depends not only on the cyanometallate bivalent metal, but also on the nature and morphology of the polysaccharide matrix. Moreover, we confirm that for a specific morphology of the matrix, the bistability is maintained in such 3 nm nanoparticles.


In this paper a two-staged pipelined architecture of the new SHA-3 (Keccak) algorithm is presented. The core can operate on both one-block and multi-block messages, realizing all possible modes of Keccak. Special effort has been paid and different design alternatives have been studied to derive efficient FPGA implementations in terms of throughput and throughput/area metrics. The proposed core has been implemented in Xilinx Virtex-5, Virtex-6, and Virtex-7 FPGA technologies and achieves significant improvements compared to existing FPGA implementations. Specifically, for Virtex-5 the proposed architecture achieves better throughput and throughput/area results from 45.8% to 248× and from 8.9% up to 17.9×, respectively. Regarding Virtex-6, the improvements in throughput and throughput/area are from 47.2% up to 18.1× and from 8% up to 27.3×, respectively.


In this paper we describe a method to derive solutions of the incompressible Navier- Stokes system of equations for non-stationary initial value problems in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We show that for a given smooth solenoidal initial velocity vector field there exist smooth spatially periodic solutions of pressure and velocity in $\mathbb{R}^n$. An illustrative example in $\mathbb{R}^3$ provides important insights into the ostensible phenomenon of the blowup time.


The reign of Erekle II over the united kingdoms of Kakhet'i and K'art'li, which lasted from 1762 until 1798, may be regarded as the swan-song of the Georgian monarchy. Through the king's personal ability and the enfeebled state of Persia, Georgia was enabled to enjoy a period of somewhat precarious political independence before being absorbed by Russia as soon as Erekle's death removed the only force capable of maintaining any semblance of Georgian unity, and committed the responsibilities of government to his moribund heir, George XII.


The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of the self-esteem and parental attitude to the impulsive purchase of adolescents. The samples...


Abstract Transition metal complexes [Cu(II), Co(I1) and Ni(II)] of 5-amino-l-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxylic acid have been prepared and shown to form a series of stoichiometry ML2, nM(OH2) (n = 0,1,2) and structures have been assigned. Analogous complexes of 5-amino-l-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxy1ic acid 5′-phosphate (CAIR), a central intermediate in the de novo pathway to purine nucleotides, produced in aqueous solution have been found to affect the activity of the enzyme AIR- carboxylase (E.C. 188.8.131.52).


An investigation was made of the spectrum of the radiation emitted by a ClF3+D2 chemical laser. The time characteristics of the vibration-rotational transitions in the DF* and DCl* molecules were used in an analysis of the main elementary processes occuring in the laser. The laser emission from DCl* occurred 20 μsec after the initiation and this indicated that it was due to not only the F+D2→DF*+D stage but also to secondary elementary stages of a chain process.


Most of the students are not aware of electrical energy consumption and it will lead to the waste of energy. Additionally, energy expenditure for a university on electrical energy consumption is extremely high and its burden the institution to pay the cost. One of the proposals to solve this problem is by implementing an energy management system. The main purpose of this research is to develop an energy management system for the lighting system and to analyze energy efficiency based on energy consumption. In this research, an energy audit and lighting audit has been performed to analyze the performance of the lighting system. Then, energy efficiency measures for the lighting system has been implemented. This implementation involving the replacement of the LED lamp, installation of a motion sensor and the development of smartphone applications. The energy usage has been measured and recorded in the IoT platform for analysis purposes. Based on MS ISO 8995:2005, the lighting system in the campus is in a good performance and followed the standard. By implementing the energy management system, the cost of energy usage can be saved up to 22.82% and the time taken for the payback is 40.589 months.


Using data collected with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, they determine the ratio R{sub chrg} for the mean charged multiplicity observed in {Upsilon}(1S) {yields} gg{gamma} events, , to the mean charged multiplicity observed in e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} q{bar q}{gamma} events, . They find R{sub chrg} {triple_bond} / = 1.04 {+-} 0.02(stat) {+-} 0.05(syst) for jet-jet masses less than 7 GeV.


A new finite-difference method for a system of equations describing the one-dimensional flow of a viscous heat conductive gas is analysed. The system is written in Lagrangian mass coordinates. Difference counterparts of conservation laws are obtained. A priori estimates of the difference solution 'in the large' with respect to time are derived, including two-sided estimates by positive constants for the difference density and temperature. Stability 'in the large' of the solution is proved in several norms and in particular in the maximum norm. The forthcoming second part of the paper will provide error estimates for the method and an analysis of iterative solution procedures.


The paper presents our first work in progress results of an approach to verify the correct use of software libraries in target projects. Therefor the project's source code is analyzed and checked against the library's behavior specification, called interface grammar. This grammar is formalized using annotated state diagrams, and the verification analysis is based on static control flow, data flow and alias analyses. The paper illustrates the presented approach using a small-sized Java library example. In the end, we give a brief outlook to necessary enhancements.


In this paper are introduced the performances of China's first SMARO-1 auto-winder on spinning and winding line.This auto-winder fully new designed by use of new advanced control technique,new processing technology and yarn path is of simplified structure and high level of stability and intelligence,and able to fully monitor the yarn processing,and thus improved the cone yarn quality,winding efficiency and automation level and reduced energy cost.


With the use of the technology of network, more and more people pay attention to the Information resources. Facing this situation, the library should provide individualized information service to users. In order to satisfy new demands of users, we should try our best to develop and take advantage of network resources.


Introduction Few studies have examined the course of eating disorders and the respective treatments based on insurance data, even though they provide representative information. Objectives To assess the epidemiology, treatments, duration of illness, costs of treatment in a data set of a public health insurance. Methods Data provided by a German health insurance (data from 4.2 million members from 2005-2010). A matched control group based on age and gender without an eating disorder diagnosis was used for comparisons. Results 2.734 cases with the diagnoses of an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa AN, bulimia nervosa BN or combination ANBN) were identified. More than 92% of the patients were female. The relative risk for personality disorders, depressive disorders, alcohol abuse and obsessive-compulsive disorders was highly increased. Most of the patients with BN (53.04%) or AN (41.57%) were treated in out-patient care, and many were only treated for three months, whereas most of the patients with ANBN were treated for a longer time. 3-19% with BN, AN or ANBN were treated only in in-patient care. The in-patient costs of treatment for the year of the diagnosis were 5471.15€ for BN, 9080.26€ for AN, 10809.16€ for ANBN and 339.37€ for the control group. Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients with ANBN diagnosis have a severe and longer course of treatment. Furthermore, contrary to national guidelines for eating disorders, there is a considerable proportion of patients with BN or AN that are treated only in in-patient care. Disclosure No significant relationships.


In the two independent dinuclear molecules of bis-[(N, -3-oxapentamethylenethiocarbamoylthioacetato)triphenyltin] hydrate, [Sn 2 (C 6 H 5 ) 6 (C 7 H 10 NO 3 S 2 ) 2 (H 2 O)], the aqua(N,N-3-oxapentamethylenethiocarbamoylthio-acetato)triphenyltin moiety uses its carbonyl O atom to connect to the Sn atom of the (N,N-3-oxapentamethyl's enethiocarbamoylthioacetato)triphenyltin moiety, to furnish trans-C 3 SnO 2 trigonal bipyramidal geometries for the Sn atoms in the dinuclear compound. Hydrogen bonds link the coordinated water of one symmetry-independent molecule to the carbonyl and heterocyclic O atoms of the other independent molecule [O...O = 2.66(4) and 2.75(2), and 2.769(8) and 2.667(7) A, respectively] in a layer structure. The orthorhombic unit cell of bis(dicyclohexylammonium) bis(3-oxapentamethylenethiocarbamoylthioacetate), 2C 12 H 24 N + .-2C 7 H 10 NO 3 S 2 - , contains four centrosymmetric clusters of two cations and two anions. The C-O bonds in the carboxyl -CO 2 fragment of the anion are delocalized. The ammonium N atom is hydrogen bonded to two carboxyl O atoms belonging to different anions [N...O = 2.732(4) and 2.738 (4) A] to form an eight-membered O-C-O...N...O-C-O...N... ring.


The article describes the case of liver cirrhosis of autoimmune origin on the background of opisthorchiasis. The relevancy of the problem is justified by complexity of early diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases on the background of opisthorchiasis, lack of data on the characteristics of the course of the combined pathology, and probable comorbidity of these diseases. These and many other questions still need to be addressed in future researches. The article shows the difficulty of differential diagnosis of autoimmune diseases of the liver and hepatitis of parasitic etiology, which leads to untimely, inadequate treatment and disease progression.


Immunocytochemical studies examining the Ki‐67 proliferation marker in paraffin‐embedded material have recently been made possible by the availability of several antibodies, notably MIB‐1, which are readily applicable to microwaved sections. Using breast cancer material, the present study examines correlations shown by these new paraffin assays and also by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), an existing marker of proliferation, with the established Ki‐67 cryosection assay. Paraffin sections were microwaved prior to incubation with Ki‐67 or MIB‐1 antibodies. Signal detection was carried out with a biotinylated secondary antibody, peroxidase‐conjugated streptavidin, and DAB/H2O2 chromogen. The results suggest that caution is required when studying proliferation in paraffin‐embedded breast cancers by immunostaining using Ki‐67 antibodies. Nuclear staining in wax sections (Ki‐Par, MIB‐1, PCNA) greatly exceeded that in cryosections (Ki‐Froz) and thus correlations were notably absent between Ki‐Par or PCNA immunostaining and the routine Ki‐Froz assay. Immunostaining with MIB‐1 or PCNA may, however, be useful to assess proliferation if cut‐offs are applied to eliminate weak immunostaining associated with wax sections. Thus, an approximately linear relationship was seen between MIB‐1/Ki‐Froz, which was improved if only moderately or moderately/strongly MIB‐1‐positive cells were scored. Similarly, a significant correlation was also revealed between PCNA/Ki‐Froz if such a cut‐off was applied.


This experiment combined controlled experimental design with a best-practice approach (i.e., real course content, subjective evaluations) to clarify the role of verbal redundancy, confirm the multimodal impact of images and narration, and highlight discrepancies between actual and perceived understanding. The authors presented 1 of 3 computer-based lecture conditions: audio, redundant (audio with redundant text), or complementary (audio with nonredundant text and images). Audio and redundant conditions produced similar actual understanding, whereas the complementary condition produced greatest actual understanding. Redundant condition learners perceived their understanding as greater than their actual understanding. Findings encourage multimedia research to balance controlled experiments with a best-practice approach to better understand effective multimedia design.


In India development of rural areas are not a new concept it is existing from 1952. In past 65 years lot of rural development programs have been launched. The main motive of these programs are not only increase capital income or living standard of village people but also to cover all fields related to rural area like education, hospitality, agriculture, transportation, employment, housing, economy etc. As per current scenario rural development plays vital role in India. Rural development enhances production, productivity, social as well as development of economy. Rural people are also smart enough to develop small scale industries if environment is supportive. Approximately 70% of population lives in rural area of India and 75% of population of Rajasthan lives in rural area. Rajasthan is the ninth largest state economy of India. Rajasthan is mineral rich state having industries in rugs, textiles, vegetable oils, dyes, zinc etc. which perform major role in development of country. The main objective of this paper is to show the current scenario of rural development as well as challenging issues facing by Rajasthan and suggesting some improvements which improve the rural contribution for development. Rajasthan and Central government launched various programs to improve rural living standard and minimize the gap between urban and rural area. However to provide maximum benefits of government programs improvement in - coordination between departments, communication between department representatives and rural people are necessary. These programs are attractive and useful but due to lack of coordination and communication village people not getting actual benefits or advantages of government schemes.<br>


Based on the investigation of 164 trees of Acer truncatum,the relativities among characters were analyzed and the variable types were compartmentalized.The results showed that there were significant positive correlations among vegetative traits,and obvious positive correlation between weight and other traits of fruitage(samara).According to the growth character,the variable types of Acer truncatum were classified into vegetative type and reproductive type,and the reproductive type were classified into wide wing type,small wing type and big wing type in accordance with the fruitage shape.The plus-trees of leaf oriented one were selected from vegetative type mainly based on the number of branch and leaf,and the plus-trees of fruitage oriented one were selected from reproductive type mainly according to the number of fruitage and the thickness of fruitage.


Abstract In this current paper, we identify some new properties concerning normal pairs (R, S). Among other interesting results, we show that every prime ideal P of R that is the radical of a finitely generated ideal A such that AS = S is the radical of an ideal with a basis of two elements. Consequently, we derive a significant improvement of Pendleton's Criterion by producing further characterizations of QR-pairs.


Background: Many people are attached to their pets. This attachment shares characteristics with the parental attachment to children. Previous studies have established a sex difference in attitudes about children; women compared to men report more positive attitudes about children. However, whether this sex difference is attenuated by owning and caring for pet(s) has not been investigated. Methods: In a sample of non-parents, we investigated the following: (1) whether the established main effect of sex on attitudes about children was moderated by pet ownership using a 2 (male, female) x 2 (pet owner, non–pet owner) design; and (2) whether the established main effect of sex on attitudes about children was moderated by lifetime experiences caring for pets using hierarchical multiple linear regression models. Data was collected via online survey of a community sample ( n = 173). Results: We found that compared to females, males had more negative reactions to children and childcare (NRC). How-ever, a significant sex by current pet ownership interaction revealed that current pet ownership eliminated the sex difference on NRC; males' NRC scores were similar to females' scores exclu-sively among people who currently owned a pet. Further, regression analyses revealed that the relationship between sex and NRC was moderated by the extent of lifetime experiences caring for pets. This effect was driven by males but not females; compared to males with low levels of lifetime experiences caring for pets, males with high levels of lifetime experiences caring for pets had less NRC. Conclusion: Taken together, these results provide the first reported evidence of the positive association between current pet ownership/lifetime experiences caring for pets and more favorable attitudes about children and childcare in non-parent males, but not in non-parent females. (2a) whether the established main effect of sex on negative reactions to children and childcare (NRC) was moderated by lifetime experience caring for pets; and (2b) whether the established main effect of sex on positive feelings about children (PFC) was moderated by lifetime experience caring for pets. Based on previous studies showing that non-parent males are the least pets on sex differences in attitudes about children and have not been investigated and consti-tute the


Three new ( 1-3 ) triterpenoids and one known ( 4 ) triterpenoid were isolated from an acid hydrolyzed methanol-soluble extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius . Their structures were identified as (20 S ,22 S )-3 g ,22-dihydroxycucurbita-5(10),24-diene-26,29-dioic acid i -lactone ( 1 ), 3- O -[6'-methyl- g - d -glucuronopyranosyl]-3 g ,22 g -dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid methyl ester ( 2 ), 3- O - g - d -glucuronopyranosylsophoradiol methyl ester ( 3 ), and sophoradiol ( 4 ) by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.


To compare 3‐year iontophoretic corneal collagen cross‐linking (I‐CXL) outcomes with epithelium‐off corneal collagen cross‐linking (epi‐off CXL) for early stage of progressive keratoconus.


Paranoia is an unjustified fear of being observed or intentionally hurt by others (Freeman et al., 2005). Recent research has shown that negative body image may contribute to the development of paranoid thoughts (Waite et al., 2022), through its association with increased vulnerability, which is thought to be the foundation upon which paranoid thoughts are built (Freeman et al., 2005)


We present two different approaches for the generation of millimeter wave carrier signals for wireless data links based on photonic integrated circuits using the optical heterodyne technique. One approach, based on dedicated fabrication run, integrates all the required components on a single chip. A second approach is based on a multi-project wafer run on a generic integration platform. We demonstrate their application to wireless data transmission at 1 Gbps data rate without the requirement for phase stabilization schemes of the two wavelengths.


Compared to fossil fuels, natural gas is cleaner energy, which has developed rapidly in recent years. Studying the urban supply of natural gas has implications for the development of natural gas. In this paper, the new information priority accumulation method is integrated into the grey forecasting model with the hyperbolic sinusoidal driving term, and then the new grey model is used to predict the urban natural gas supply. The system's linear parameters are calculated by the least square estimation method, and the optimal parameter of the new information accumulated priority is determined by the Whale Optimization Algorithm. Finally, the supply of urban gas is forecasted using the proposed model, and comparative analyses with the four other forecasting models are presented.


This volume is reprinted from the Special Issue of Humanities, 'Decolonizing Trauma Studies: Trauma and Postcolonialism'. The Special Issue explores the complex and contested relationship between trauma studies and postcolonial criticism, focusing on the ongoing project to create a decolonised trauma theory that attends to and accounts for the suffering of minority groups and non-Western cultures, broadly defined as cultures beyond Western Europe and North America. The issue builds on the insights of, inter alia, Stef Craps's book, Postcolonial Witnessing, and responds to his challenge to interrogate and move beyond a Eurocentric trauma paradigm. The essays examine literary and cultural texts from a wide range of postcolonial locales including Australia, New Zealand, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Haiti, the Philippines, and Eastern Europe, as well as exploring minority literary and cultural practices within Western European nations such as Britain. The volume concludes with a round table discussion between noted trauma theorists Stef Craps, Bryan Cheyette and Alan Gibbs.


Introduction. Carrying out economic activity by individuals and legal entities in some cases provided by the production process is accompanied by systematic damage to the environment. The system of "paid pollution" should create conditions for the polluter when he seeks to reduce or completely abandon the negative impact on the environment, and for the state it should be a source of accumulation of funds that will be further aimed at restoring the environment and forming appropriate conditions for the transition to a "green" way of doing business. In this context, an important task is to analyze the current state of the environmental taxation system in Ukraine and develop recommendations for its improvement.

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of collecting environmental tax in Ukraine, using of funds accumulated through environmental taxation and justify the ways to solve existing problems in the context of European integration.

Methods. The study used a number of general and special research methods, in particular: analysis, synthesis, generalization and statistical.

Results. As a result of the study of the state of environmental taxation in Ukraine, the data on "green" revenues and expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine are systematized, the structure and dynamics of revenues from various types of environmental payments are analyzed. The experience of ecological taxation in the countries of the European Union is analyzed. The problematic aspects of "green" public finances are outlined and ways to solve them are suggested.

Perspectives. Further research should focus on assessing the relationship between environmental and economic policy of the state and economic development in general, to analyze the real and potential risks to business and the population, subject to the implementation of the government's European integration commitments.


Abstract The Greeks knew a virtue term that represented the ability to determine which norms deserved commitment, a virtue term usually misunderstood as "prediction of likely outcomes" or "being hesitant": promêtheia. Plato's uses of this term, almost completely ignored by scholarship, show a sensitivity to the prerequisites for the capacity for rational agency. We must add this virtue term to the usual suspects related to acting as a rational agent: sôphrosunê, dikaiosunê, phrônesis, and sophia. Promêtheia stands out for its importance in times of ignorance of the future.


Based on distributing areas of the salt-affected soils in Ningxia,141 soil samples of surface layer in 0~20 cm with different types of salt-affected soils from various regions of Ningxia were collected,respectively.The electrical conductivities of the soil extracts by using 5∶1 of the ratio of water to soil and the content of soil soluble salts were determined with residue-drying method.The relationship between soluble salt content by residue-drying method and the electrical conductivity in the soil extracts was studied.The results are as follows:(1) The ionic components of the soluble salt for tested soils were proved up.The Na+ content was the highest and Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents were higher in 4 cations.The Cl-content was the highest and SO42-content was quite high in 4 anions.(2) The classifying standard of salt component types for the salt-affected soils in Ningxia Province was perfected.The salt component types for the salt-affected soils were found out.In anion components,the types of sulphate-chloride,chloride-sulphate and sulphate were dominant.In cation components,the types of Mg-Ca,Ca-Mg and Na were dominant.(3) The regressive equations between the soluble salt content and the electrical conductivity for salt-affected soils of different types in Ningxia were obtained.The optimal regressive equation between soluble salt content by residue-drying method and the electrical conductivity had been screened out from 5 kinds of function patterns.When the soil salt component types were not differentiated,the soil salt content was calculated by using the formula of y=0.1609x2+2.9176x-0.0141.While the soil salt component types have been known,the soil salt content was calculated by using the optimal regressive equations of different salt types.(4) The revised equations of the content of soil soluble salts from an electrical conductivity method to residue-drying method were put forward.The method will supply a scientific basis for testing exactly and rapidly the contents of soil soluble salts.


Annual Research Highlights (3) Catalytic Silicon-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions of Unactivated Amides  Silicon enolates are among the most useful enolates as convenient carbonyl equivalent donors through nucleophilic additions to aldehydes, imines, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, etc. in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid catalyst (i.e., Mukaiyama-type reactions) in modern organic chemistry. Despite their versatile utility, there are some drawbacks in silicon enolate chemistry, mainly from the viewpoint of atom economy, especially use of a stoichiometric amount of reagents for their preparation. If catalytic generation of silicon enolates could be attained, this drawback would be overcome, however, the catalytic reaction has long been thought to be unlikely because silicon species might be incorporated into products through the formation of a covalent bond between silicon and a heteroatom of the products. This time we have developed a catalytic silicon system that enables catalytic direct-type addition of unactivated amides to imines. This is the first example of the catalytic use of the silicon species, to the best of our knowledge. In addition, this is also the first successful use of unactivated simple amides in catalytic direct-type addition reactions. (1) Chiral Zinc-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Alkyland α-Chloroallylation of Aldehydes Asymmetric allylation of aldehydes provides optically active homoallylic alcohols. Recently, allylboron reagents have received attention as reactive and less toxic allylating reagents in asymmetric catalysis. However, while allylboron reagents have been successfully used for allylation of less reactive ketones because of their high reactivity, catalytic asymmetric reactions of aldehydes with allylboron reagents normally have to be carried out at –78 C in most cases because the reactions with aldehydes proceeded instantaneously without catalysts. Moreover, examples of catalytic asymmetric α-alkylallylation and α-chloroallylation of aldehydes with allylboron reagents are also very rare. This time, we developed chiral zinc-catalyzed asymmetric α-alkylallylation and α-chloroallylation of aldehydes. The reactions proceeded at 0 °C, relatively high temperature, in an α-addition fashion exclusively with high stereoselectivities in aqueous solution. It is noteworthy from a practical point of view that a low temperature such as −78 °C and anhydrous conditions are not necessary.


The aim of this paper is to reflect briefly on the corrective feedback given in Spanish class seen from the perspective of a group of college students from the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Considering the role of errors within Applied Linguistics and the range of corrective feedback strategies (Balcarcel, 2006) that we can use as teachers, we will present the study carried out at our department, the goal of which was to discover the students' beliefs and attitudes towards error correction. The results will allow us to know the real impact of our corrections, specifically to what extent they are useful and appropriate or, on the contrary, if we must reconsider our methodology regarding corrective feedback.


Abstract Animal models are known not to predict human responses well, in general. However, we have been able to demonstrate that, for a series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are or were in clinical use, the incorporation of two simple physicochemical properties results in excellent correlations between human and rodent potencies for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities. This has the potential to allow the use of historical data to improve drug development.


The findings of this study suggest simulation teams of different sex compositions show no differences in group cohesion, consensus or potency. Performance differences did appear. All male teams produced higher simulation scores, but lower grades on plans and reports related to the simulation. All male teams also had lower GPAs and lower course grades. This study points to an important research opportunity by using a simulation to explore differences in performance between males and females, in teams and as individuals.


Patients with obesity have limited access to kidney transplantation, mainly due to an increased incidence of surgical complications, which could be reduced with selective use of robotic‐assisted surgery. This prospective randomized controlled trial compares the safety and efficacy of combining robotic sleeve gastrectomy and robotic‐assisted kidney transplant to robotic kidney transplant alone in candidates with class II or III obesity. Twenty candidates were recruited, 11 were randomized to the robotic sleeve gastrectomy and robotic‐assisted kidney transplant group and 9 to the robotic kidney transplant group. At 12‐month follow‐up, change in body mass index was –8.76 ± 1.82 in the robotic sleeve gastrectomy and robotic‐assisted kidney transplant group compared to 1.70 ± 2.30 in the robotic kidney transplant group (P = .0041). Estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, readmission rates, and graft failure rates up to 12 months were not different between the two groups. Length of surgery was longer in the robotic sleeve gastrectomy and robotic‐assisted kidney transplant group (405 minutes vs. 269 minutes, p = .00304) without increase in estimated blood loss (120 ml vs. 117 ml, p = .908) or incidence of surgical complications. Combined robotic‐assisted kidney transplant and sleeve gastrectomy is safe and effective compared to robotic‐assisted kidney transplant alone.


In article evolution of the researches executed to Scientific laboratory `Energy optimization of power convertors' (EOPS) which can serve an innovative direction in the power electronics, connected with working out of power electronic transformers of an alternating current for needs electrical engineers and power is tracked. Three directions in construction of such transformers are considered: on converters with a direct connection, on converters with an intermediate link of the higher frequency and on converters with a DC intermediate link. The basic properties of converters of each direction are noted.


Over the years, researchers have been trying to help learners to approach a task in an effective way to promote their second language (L2) production and development. Researchers have found that giving planning time to learners can improve their L2 development (Foster & Skehan, 1996, Wendel, 1997). However, a few current findings about task planning are non comprehensive and nonsystematic. To fill this gap, this study examined the effects of both planning conditions and gender on learners' oral performance in terms of accuracy and complexity among 40 Iranian students at an intermediate level. A total number of 40 participants based on an interview were selected for this study. Based on planning conditions, the participants were assigned to planning and non planning groups. Secondly, they were divided into male and female groups. The findings revealed that 10-minute planning, in comparison with no planning time, improved the accuracy and complexity of participants' oral performance. Also, results regarding the effects of gender clarified that gender did not have any effect on the participants' oral performance in terms of accuracy and complexity.


Considerable time has been spent by the author in studying, by experimental methods, the behavior of a bow while the arrow is being discharged. Some of the results of these investigations have been published in the magazine previously mentioned and in The Journal of the Franklin Institute (October, 1929). He has also had high speed pictures (one to three thousand frames per second) taken by Electric Research Products which, in addition to putting an end to all controversies regarding the "archers paradox" furnish an excellent means of studying the motions of the arrow and bow limbs. While these experimental methods are interesting and valuable, they are necessarily slow and expensive. An analytical method was therefore developed for determining the dynamical forces, the velocities and accelerations of the arrow and bow limbs. This method has been useful in improving the design and cast of bows. The method is briefly set forth in this paper. Since the dynamical treatment depends on the static conditions, a few of the static equations will first be given. Let us assume that the bow is made up of a short rigid middle section and two limbs, which, for all positions of the draw, bend in arcs of circles. This assumption is reasonable because


Deep-sea sediments harbor a novel and vast biosphere with yet unconstrained importance in the global biogeochemical cycle. To explore these habitats is interdisciplinary challenges for the biogeochemical and geomicrobiological scientific community. The limits of deep biosphere are on-going subject, which were not yet known in terms of environmental properties, including depth, temperature, energy availability, and geologic age; however, it is known that subseafloor microbes play a significant role in chemical reactions that were previously thought to have been abiotic.


Substrate engineering provides an opportunity to modulate the physical properties of quantum materials in thin film form. Here we report that TiSe$_2$ thin films grown on TiO$_2$ have unexpectedly large electron doping that suppresses the charge density wave (CDW) order. This is dramatically different from either bulk single crystal TiSe$_2$ or TiSe$_2$ thin films on graphene. The epitaxial TiSe$_2$ thin films can be prepared on TiO$_2$ via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in two ways: by conventional co-deposition using selenium and titanium sources, and by evaporating only selenium on reconstructed TiO$_2$ surfaces. Both growth methods yield atomically flat thin films with similar physical properties. The electron doping and subsequent suppression of CDW order can be explained by selenium vacancies in the TiSe$_2$ film, which naturally occur when TiO$_2$ substrates are used. This is due to the stronger interfacial bonding that changes the ideal growth conditions. Our finding provides a way to tune the chemical potential of chalcogenide thin films via substrate selection and engineering.


The effects of melatonin on the cashmere growth in cashmere goats were reviewed,and the function of melatonin which improves on cashmere growth was proved by lots of experiments.Mechanisms of melatonin on the cashmere growth were also discussed: melatonin is not directly regulating the cashmere growth but possibly acting via changes in the secretion of insulin-like growth factor or prolactin,or regulating the deiodinase gene expression in skin,or the change of al ternative splicing of prolactin receptor gene.


Since the times of Western modernity, knowledge is compartmentalized as different fields. This has however, not mitigated the influence of natural science model of theorizing on social sciences. As a result the discipline of organization theory has grown without the influence of abstract, ephemeral and metaphysical fields such as; religion, history, mystic philosophy, arts and literature. With the rise of organizational cultural studies and the emergence of symbolic-interpretive view of organizing during the last three or four decades, the trend is however gradually shifting. Corporate aesthetics is one such field within organization theory which places value on the aesthetical aspects of managing and organizing. Taking lead from corporate aesthetics, this paper highlights the link between organization theory and literature (poetry, both English and Urdu). The linguistic and conceptual instrument of metaphors is isolated as the underpinning tool of this link. The role of metaphors in organization theory assumes further importance since the emergence of 'social construction' and 'sense making' view of organizations. The paper reinforces the views of contemporary writers of organization theory that the field draws from multiple and diverse disciplines by highlighting the link between organization theory and poetry through employing metaphoricity.


Abstract Experimental and clinical findings are presented to show that the magnitude of displacement of cerebro-spinal fluid from the basal cisterns during systole is an adequate force to cause hydromyelia in the presence of a Chiari malformation. The abnormal mechanism is discussed in detail and involves obstruction of the foramen magnum by the cone of depressed cerebellum adherent to the spinal cord, systolic deflection of the cerebro-spinal fluid from the basal cisterns into the 4th ventricle, and a milking action of the adherent cerebellum on the brainstem. These factors force cerebro-spinal fluid into the central canal of the spinal cord, tending to form a syrinx. Changes in epidural pressure associated with coughing and straining may cause extension of such a syrinx once it has formed.


Communication networks are spreading everywhere. There are many issues related to these networks. One of them is server selection algorithm. By selecting an appropriate server: (i) we can guarantee a high perceived quality to the user and (ii) reduce the server response time. This issue is more important in the mobile thin client networks. In these networks, all requests are responded by the server. If the selected server is not appropriate, network efficiency will dramatically be reduced. For preventing from this effect, we present a server selection algorithm that tries to select the best server among the available servers by context aware. This algorithm uses the client and environment context to select the appropriate server.


Mechanism of Action Potassium citrate and magnesium citrate solution when given orally, the metabolism of absorbed citrate produces an alkaline load. In addition to raising urinary pH and citrate, this also increases urinary potassium and magnesium. In some patients, potassium citrate causes a transient reduction in urinary calcium. These changes produce urine that is less conducive to the crystallization of stone-forming salts (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid). Increased citrate in the urine, by complexing with calcium, decreases calcium ion activity and thus the saturation of calcium oxalate. Increased magnesium in the urine, by complexing with oxalate decreases the oxalate ion activity and thus the saturation of calcium oxalate. Citrate and magnesium also inhibits the spontaneous nucleation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (brushite). The increase in urinary pH also decreases calcium ion activity by increasing calcium complexation to dissociated anions. The rise in urinary pH also increases the ionization of uric acid to more soluble urate ion. Potassium citrate therapy does not alter the urinary saturation of calcium phosphate, since the effect of increased citrate complexation of calcium is opposed by the rise in pH-dependent dissociation of phosphate. Calcium phosphate stones are more stable in alkaline urine.


Aims: To determine how neurofilaments contribute to the development and progression of diffuse axonal injury in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFPH) with either a targeted disruption of the NFL gene (NFLKO) or wildtype controls (NFLWT) were subjected to a moderate lateral fluid percussion injury (1.64 ± 0.16 atm) or a sham procedure and examined at 3 (n = 6) and 30 (n = 3) days following injury. Immunohistochemical studies were undertaken to characterise pathology, with a specific focus on axonal pathology and the neuroinflammatory response. Results: Extensive axonal damage developed within the ipsilateral deep cortical white matter, characterised by swellings and terminal bulbs. Quantification showed no significant change in the total number of YFP axonal swellings in the NFLKO when compared to the NFLWT. Quantification of APP swellings demonstrated a 76% decrease in NFLKO mice when compared to NFLWT animals, which was significant (p = 0.024). The average area of YFP axonal swellings did not differ significantly between genotypes, nor the percentage of swellings greater than 100 &mgr;m2 (p > 0.05). Discussion: Collectively, our preliminary data demonstrated that NFL gene deletion and related alterations to the neuronal cytoskeleton reduce APP labelled axonal pathology following TBI.


Tabernaemontana divarticata is a medicinal shrub belongs to the family Apocynaceae. The medicinal properties of its leaves and flowers are well known to the traditional medicine. It acquires many valuable manners with the use of its different parts. Flowers can be used to treat ophthalmic problems, burning sensation and dermatopathic disorders. Leaves and flowers can possess antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. There is no much informations are available related to flowers antibacterial activity. The present investigation was mainly focused on the antibacterial activity of the flowers of Tabernaemontana divaricata. In the study, different flower extracts were tested against standard bacterial strains by disc diffusion method The results of the study indicated that only the methanolic extract of the flower was effective to inhibit the growth of Neisseria mucosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium kansasii, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The study concludes that the flower extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata has significant antibacterial activity against Neisseria mucosa and Streptococcus pneumonia then Staphylococcus aureus Mycobacterium kansasii, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli. Therefore, the flower extract in methanol can be taken for the purification of active principle.


A system for aligning a first image to a second image, the system comprising a first medical positioning system for detecting a first position and orientation of the patient's body (226), a second position and orientation of the body the second medical positioning system for detecting (236), and a positioning module coupled to the second imager and a second medical positioning system (232), the first medical positioning system in the first imager (224) coupled with is associated, said first imager acquires the first image of the body, the first imager, the first image, by associating the first image and the first position and orientation occurs, the second medical positioning system, coupled with is related to the second imager (234), the second imager, the The two images were acquired, the relationship with the second image and the second position and orientation, said alignment module in accordance with the first position and direction and the second position and direction, the said first image first aligning the two images.


With the promulgation of the "China Football Reform and Development Program", the nation has promoted the football reform to an important strategic position. In this context, the development of Chinese football has ushered in a new opportunity. As an important part of football reform, campus football culture will bear an important historical mission. This paper, using the method of literature, logical analysis, mainly discusses the practical significance of China's football on campus cultural construction, analyzes four aspects of football culture construction, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, to better provide a theoretical basis for the construction of youth campus football culture in China. The results show that the construction of the football competition system, training system and talents training mode is an important measure to build the young campus football culture.


A 1% sample survey was conducted in Shanghai during October 1995. Findings indicate that de jure population was 14.135 million people vs. 13.34 million people in 1990 (an increase of 0.795 million). Part of the increase in population (0.455 million people) during 1990-95 is due to changes in definition of the de jure population. In 1995, de jure means residents of the city for 6 months or more compared with the 1990 requirement of at least 12 months' residency. Natural population growth and net migrants accounted for 0.34 million of the increase in population during 1990-95. The birth rate was 5.75/1000 population in 1995 in Shanghai, or 81,200 births. The death rate was 7.05/1000 population, or 99,600 deaths. The natural rate of growth was a negative 0.13% or a decline of 18,400 population. Households numbered 4.394 million. Average household size was 3.13 members. 12.454 million people out of the total of 14.135 million people held household registration in Shanghai. Han ethnic groups comprised 99.48% of Shanghai's population, or 14.061 million people. The Han population declined by 0.06% during 1990-95. Other minority populations comprised 74,000 people. 11.838 million were township population. The proportion of township population increased from 66.73% in 1990 to 83.75% in 1995. The number of people who received a higher education reached 9045 people, which was an increase of 1508 people during 1990-95. Population with at least 12 years of education numbered 21,007 people, an increase of 1489 people during 1990-95. 34,395 had 9 years of education, and 21,905 had 6 years of education. The illiterate or semiliterate population over 15 years of age numbered 989,000 people, which was 7.0% of the total city population or a decline of 4 percentage points during 1990-95.