Aging of our facial structures depends on genetic influence, anatomic considerations, and environmental factors. Every patient ages in a different way; however, family members retain certain traits and undergo characteristic changes with the passage of time. This is particularly true of the nasal structures and how the external contour of the nose changes over time. In children, the nasal dorsum is typically concave and becomes straight or convex in early adult life. In midlife, the nasal tip tends to droop or become ptotic, giving a more convex appearance to the profile. In addition to changes in the shape of the nose, nasal function tends to deteriorate over time as the nasal airway changes. As patients age, the skin thins, fat deposits resorb, and the underlying soft tissues atrophy. With the loss of subcutaneous fat, the supportive structures (lower lateral cartilages, nasal bones) of the nose may become skeletonized or visible. The skin and soft tissues become less hydrated and less pliable.' These changes affect the ability of the skin to contract and redrape after the cartilages and bony structures of the nose are reduced. With time, the most significant changes occur in the upper and lower lateral cartilages of the nose. These cartilages are connected by a fibrous union at the cephalic margin of the lateral crura (scroll or recurvature region).' As the nose ages, the upper and lower lateral cartilages slowly separate and begin to fragment.2,3 The supporting fibrous tissues of the interdomal ligament (interdomal sling) are weakened and may stretch.' The supporting cartilages may become calcified or brittle and begin to buckle or collapse. In elderly patients, the lower lateral cartilages can become deformed with flat or concave lateral crura, buckling of the medial or intermediate crura, or excessive narrowing (pinching) of the domes. Loss of support of the medial crura and stretching of the fibrous attachments from the posterior septa1 angle and nasal spine to the medial crural footplates result in their posterior movement and retraction of the columella.3 These changes are also caused by loss of the fat pad below the medial crura and some resorption of the bone of the prema~illa.~ With loss of support from the medial crura and stretching of the lateral crura away from the upper lateral cartilages, the nasal tip may become ptotic. Ptosis of the tip gives the nose the appearance of increased length. This may be disproportionate to the lower third of the face, which usually decreases in vertical height with age.l.3 The lower third of the face shortens because of 1) resorption of the maxilla and mandible (alveolar ridge), 2) loss of dentition and change in occlusion, 3) decrease in muscle mass of the orbicularis oris muscle, and 4) resorption of subcutaneous fat.3 As the nose ages, the nasal bones may become brittle and are more readily fractured.4 These changes must be accounted for during osteotomies to avoid excessive narrowing of the bony vault or comminuted fractures of the nasal bones. Periosteal elevation should not extend to or beyond the point of the intended lateral osteotomies; otherwise, nasal bone fragments may loose all periosteal support.4 Green-


The invention concerns a device and a method for the removal and determination of dissolved gases or volatile components in a liquid or in a mixture of gases in order to determine their concentration. The device consists of a cylindrical main body with permeation channels in its external surface for a carrier fluid, a permeation membrane located over the channels, carrier-fluid feed and return channels and sensors and is characterized in that the permeation channels are disposed in one or more sectors (3) on the surface of the main body (5), each sector (30) having a feed groove (2), a return groove (4) and parallel connecting channels (3) running from the feed groove (2) to the return groove (4); each sector (30) is connected by the feed groove (2) and a separate feed channel (9; 9'; etc.) to a carrier-fluid inlet (8); and each sector (30, 30') is connected by the return groove (4) and one or more return channels (10; 10'; etc.) to a carrier-fluid outlet (12).


Digital predistortion of a baseband signal is a well-known method of power amplifier (PA) linearization used to reduce adjacent channel interference (ACI) in a nonconstant envelope modulation system. This paper proposes a specific predistorter configuration based on the estimation of the PA characteristics extracting its linear behavior and comparing with a linear model by means of a calibrating signal. The effects of quadrature modulator and demodulator imbalances are included in our analysis. The effects and requirements of the reconstruction filters are stated and a new method for the loop delay estimation is presented. We also focus our attention in some design considerations and simulation results related to the use of a fixed point digital signal processor (DSP). Simulations show that out-of-band skirts lower than -60 dBc can be obtained for a narrow bandwidth system.


Abstract: Both of us teach in the Duke English Department and hold secondary appointments in the Duke Divinity School. In this essay, we reflect on impediments to teaching Christian literature in contemporary English departments, in particular the naturalistic, anti-metaphysical dogma pervading humanistic inquiry, yet also the widespread theological illiteracy among today's undergraduates and graduates. Still, students usually embrace focused ethical and theological inquiry, as well as the attention to textual and hermeneutic issues called for by much Christian literature across the centuries. We conclude by outlining options for a more productive future alignment of literary and theological inquiry and pedagogy.


The aim of this experiment was to know the correlation between crude protein levels in the diets and carcass weight and carcass percentage of thin tailed lambs fattened after weaning. This experiment used 12 thin tailed lambs, aged approximately 3 months with body weight ranged at 12.9-18.61 kg. Feeding given was arranged to allow 12, 14 and 16% crude protein and TDN at 60% using the following feeds ingredients such as rice bran, cassava peel, sugar cane top, cassava flour, soybean meal, fish meal, molasses and minerals. The lambs were slaughtered after 3 month feeding treatment. Carcass from slaughtered animal was weighed to obtain carcass weight and percentage to slaughter weight. The data obtained was analyzed using correlation analysis. Slaughtered weight was found ranged at 19.62-29.89 kg resulted carcass weight at 8.23-14.13 kg or equal to 41.94-49.56% carcass percentage. The correlation between crude protein levels in the diets with carcass weight and carcass percentage of thin tailed lambs were weak, being 0.22 and 0.32, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that crude protein levels in the diets was positive and weak correlated to the carcass weight and carcass percentage in thin tailed lambs fattened after weaning.


Leuctra subalpina sp. n., from the Swiss and French calcareous Prealps and the Italian Apennines, is described and compared with the closely related L. alpina Kuhtreiber. To allow better separation, a new description of L. alpina is given.


In a simple phosphate buffer or a sodium chloride solution resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874 produced up to 15 g/l of different rhamnolipids. The rhamnolipid composition of the organic crude extract depended on the temperature during the cultivation and on the C-source. The optimal sodium chloride concentration for rhamnolipid formation was about 100 mᴍ/l and the optimal phosphate buffer concentration about 65 mᴍ/l. The optimal pH-value for the production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes or glycerol was in the range pH 6.0-7.2. While rhamnolipid formation with glycerol as the sole C-source showed a wide optimum ranging from 27° up to 37 °C, production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes had a sharp optimum at 37 °C. The addition of multivalent cations, different N-sources and EDTA caused an inhibition of rhamnolipid formation, while the n-alkane concentration had no influence. Specific rhamnolipid formation decreased with increasing cell concentration. Various C-sources were suitable for the formation of rhamnolipids by resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874. Yields, which were comparable to those obtained on n-alkanes or glycerol, were found for stearic acid, fatty alcohols and vegetable oils. A study of the time course of glycolipid production of resting cells was carried out in a 20 1- biorcactor with an intcnsor system and with n-tetradecane as the sole C-source.


A convenient reductive cleavage of 3-arylphthalides 1 into corresponding 2-benzylbenzoic acids and 2-(2-thienylmethyl)benzoic acid 2 by using iodotrimethyisilane is described.


DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ADULTS: initiated with a dose of 600 mg/day, given in twice-a-day regimen Adjunctive Therapy: Maximum increment of 600 mg/day at approximately weekly intervals. The recommended daily dose is 1200 mg/day (2.1) Conversion to Monotherapy: Concomitant AEDs should be completely withdrawn over 3-6 weeks, while maximum dose of oxcarbazepine should be reached in about 2-4 weeks. Maximum increment of 600 mg/day at approximately weekly intervals to a recommended daily dose of 2400 mg/day (2.2) Initiation of Monotherapy: Increments of 300 mg/day every third day to a dose of 1200 mg/day. (2.3)


The flotation behavior of cervantite with dodecylamine(DDA) was studied.The results show that the recovery rate of cervantite reaches more than 90% in the pH range of 2.0 to 8.0.But it sharply decreases in the pH range of 8.0 to 10.0.When pH 10,DDA has little collecting capacity on cervantite.The flotation solution chemical analysis of dodecylamine indicates that dodecylamine cations are the main components of the cervantite collector.The electronic structures of cervantite crystals and dodecylamine ions and molecules were studied using the density functional theory.The adsorption behaviors of dodecylamine ions,dodecylamine molecules,and water molecules were simulated.It is found that the adsorption energy order of these adsorbents on cervantite surfaces is DDA H2O DDA+.DDA+can remove hydration films on cervantite surfaces to make cervantite hydrophobic.DDA+adsorbs on cervantite surfaces mainly by physical adsorption.


While software is more and more complex, software testability becomes one of important software quality factors. Testability measures help designers and testers to improve software quality. In this paper, we concentrate on testability analysis of software designs. We propose an extension of the SATAN technology to measure the testability of Scicos models. This work is integrated into the Scicos environment to improve testability of Scicos designs.


: In this position paper we argue that using semantic roles in addition to using biologically-oriented ontologies and databases (or knowledge bases) will further enhance the generation of RDF triples that can be collected from biomedical text. RDF triples have been used to enhance semantic search beyond the simple use of linguistically oriented additions such as synonyms. We wish to focus on drug-virus interactions.


Sexual conflict is a pervasive evolutionary force that can reduce female fitness. Experimental evolution studies in the laboratory might overestimate the importance of sexual conflict because the ecological conditions in such settings typically include only a single species. Here, we experimentally manipulated conspecific male density (high or low) and species composition (sympatric or allopatric) to investigate how ecological conditions affect female survival in a sexually dimorphic insect, the banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens). Female survival was strongly influenced by an interaction between male density and species composition. Specifically, at low conspecific male density, female survival increased in the presence of heterospecific males (C. virgo). Behavioral mating experiments showed that interspecific interference competition reduced conspecific male mating success with large females. These findings suggest that reproductive interference competition between con‐ and heterospecific males might indirectly facilitate female survival by reducing mating harassment from conspecific males. Hence, interspecific competitors can show contrasting effects on the two sexes thereby influencing sexual conflict dynamics. Our results call for incorporation of more ecological realism in sexual conflict research, particularly how local community context and reproductive interference competition between heterospecific males can affect female fitness.


A radon daughter monitor with a build-up and decay method (B. D. R. D. monitor) was developed to investigate the behavior of short-lived radon daughters indoors and outdoors. The monitor was available for long term continuous measurements with simple maintenance every a month.The sensitivity of the new monitor was compared with that of the monitor with a decay method (D. R. D. monitor), which has been called Thomas method. As the results, it was found that the B. D. R. D. monitor is more better than that of the D. R. D. monitor in assessment of RaA having the shortest life time among radon daughters. It was found, also, that the plateout effect of radon daughter gave slight and unavoidable errors to the B. D. R. D. monitor through the process of both the counting loss and the enhancement of background level. It was concluded that even if the B. D. R. D. monitor had those disadvantages it was very useful instrument to measure individual radon daughters in the natural environment.


Conference abstract titled 'Social Media Mavenism and Nutrition'.Presented by Melissa Adamski at the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, in Melbourne, Australia, held on the 4th-6th of December 2017.


This study investigates the need for a unified pedagogy for the development of E-Learning software for high-school Computer Science. Additionally, it will result in Computer Science E-Learning software that can be used in student instruction or asynchronous learning. Both the pedagogy and the resulting E-Learning software will be evaluated in terms of their impact on learning performance and student motivation. The problem domain focuses on the recent challenges faced in UK education that resulted in the Programme of Study for ICT being temporarily dis-applied and a new emphasis towards Computer Science GCSEs. However, it should be noted that the findings are broadly transferable to other developed nations. The pedagogy synthesises the following Learning theories: Constructivism, Social Constructivism, Connectivism, Cognitive Load and VARK learning styles classification, and in Phase 1, these are distilled into 36 principles. The study is broken into three main phases; Phase 1 is the Initial Pedagogical Strategy and Prototype, Phase 2 is the Elaboration via Action Research, and Phase 3 is the Final Mixed Methods Experiment. The study is currently in Phase 1, with preliminary results planned for release in the next few months. However, preliminary findings confirm Computer Science as an area of educational significance, which would benefit from the proposed E-Learning pedagogy and resultant E-Learning software.


ABSTRACT A research on influence methanol extracts concentration of fruit peel rambutan ( N. lappaceum L.), concerning physical stability of creams antioxidant had been done. This research aims to obtain an antioxidant cream formulation O/W type from rambutan fruit peel extracts and compares activity of the antioxidant cream with extract from fruit peel rambutan with using free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. A total of 500 grams of fruit rambutan peel extracted with 80% methanol by maceration method and then extract obtained made antioxidant cream O/W type with the variation of the concentration of extract 1%, 2%, and 3% to the total weight of the cream. Evaluation of physical stability of creams includes organoleptic testing, creaming, viscosity testing and drop size of dispersed phase inversion before and after the storage conditions during the 12-hour accelerated alternately at 5°C and as many as 10 cycles of 35°C. Organoleptic observations show no change in color and odor on the third-cream formula. The research was used a completely randomized design and the data obtained were analyzed statistically distinguished by ansira on the confidence level. Statistical analysis shows that the concentration of rambutan fruit peel extracts give significant effect on the viscosity cream before and after accelerated storage conditions, while the size of the drops dispersed showed no significant effect. In this study, showed that no phase of inversion and creaming from all of cream. Formulation of skin creams with methanol extract of the fruit rambutan 1% cream can be categorized as the most stable, continuing antioxidant activity test showed that the cream with a concentration of extract 12,359 ppm, which inhibits 50% of free radicals.


Qualitative researchers try to acknowledge and take into account their own biases as a method of dealing with them. They attempt to seek out their own subjective states and their effects on data but they never think they are completely successful. Particularly when the data must go through" the researcher's mind before it is put on paper, the worry about subjectivity arises. However, this is not peculiar to qualitative research. For that matter, all researchers are affected by observers' bias. Questions or questionnaires, for example, reflect the interests of those who construct them, as do experimental studies. It is important for researchers to try to transcend some of their own biases with the aid of methods they use in the process. The data must bear the weight of any interpretation. For this, the researcher must constantly confront his or her own opinions and prejudices with the data. Besides, most opinions and prejudices are rather superficial. The data that are collected provides a much more detailed rendering of events rather than even the most creatively prejudiced mind might have imagined prior to the study (Bogdan & Biklen, 1982). This paper will address some of the major concerns related to observer biases in relation to data collection, interpretation and reporting in qualitative research and ways to deal with them. These include observer's frame of mind, data gathering process, observer's reflective processes, and participant-observer continuum. This paper will be prepared on data obtained for a reason on teaching higher-order thinking skills in language classrooms.


For communication networks, developing a simulation model requires modeling random user demands for network resources; characterizing network resources needed for processing these demands; and estimating system performance based on the result of the simulation. The application of this theory in connection with the design of new systems can help in comparing different solutions and thus eliminate bad solutions at an early stage without having to build up prototypes.In this paper, a simulation model is developed specifically for performance analysis of the softswitchIP backbone network topology designed for Benue State, Nigeriawithin the frameworkof a doctoral thesis.For the purpose of the performance analysis, the modelled traffic at each of the 23 network nodeswasused to create an aggregate traffic table for the 6 core transmission links. By scaling the traffic each time by 20%, ten simulations were performed for each core transmission link using Riverbed Modeler and the results collated for average bandwidth utilization, packet queuing delay and packet loss ratio as the key performance indicators. The performances of the core transmission links were then verified by the plots of the traffic intensities versus thecollected values of the performance metrics. The results of the performance analysis clearly showed that the design of the Benue State IP backbone network satisfied the primary goals of high reliability, scalability and cost-effectiveness.The study demonstrates the effective way the Riverbed Modeler could be used for active performance analysis of IP backbone network designs for Next Generation Networks.


PT bright PLN Batam is the largest electricity provider in Batam, which is actively conducting socialization regarding the correct use of electricity and a ban on electricity abuse. This socialization, although it has been carried out, still records high misuse rates, especially in the Nagoya service area. This study aims to examine the determinant factors of communication in the socialization of the knowledge of its customers. This research was conducted with descriptive quantitative method, where cluster sampling technique is used with a sample of 150 people. The level of research confidence is 95% or the error tolerance level is 5%, so that from 150 people obtained 105 samples. Data was collected by questionnaire instrument. The data that has been obtained is tested with the Pearson product moment correlation technique. From the results of this study it is known that all messages and media have a positive and significant relationship to customer knowledge in the socialization activities of prevention of electricity misuse conducted by PT bright PLN Batam in the Nagoya service area. It is recommended for PT bright PLN Batam to make the socialization message as easy to remember and related to the customer's daily life, as well as using the media according to customer preferences.


In line with earlier literature, I document a U-shaped relationship between age and wage dispersion in the U.S.. To explain this outcome, I consider a life-cycle model of labor market search with strategic wage bargaining, heterogeneous firm-worker matches, and endogenous search effort. Three factors shape the age-inequality profile of wages in the model economy: the time until retirement, match heterogeneity, and the workers' bargaining power. Young workers switch employers often and are gradually matched to better jobs, which leads to the initial reduction in the variance of log wages. Middle-aged and older workers switch employers less frequently and have a longer search history. As workers are differently successful in the labor market, the variance of match productivities rises in the second half of the working life. The calibrated model captures the U-shape of the age-inequality profile of wages in conjunction with the hump-shaped age profile of average wages, as well as employment-to-employment transitions that decrease with age.


An organic TFT array panel, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electrophoretic display device having the organic TFT array panel are provided to form a pixel electrode in the top layer of the organic TFT array panel to increase the size of a first hole and the size of a source electrode and a drain electrode irrespective of an aperture ratio, thereby preventing the deterioration of an organic TFT characteristic and a pixel defect. An organic TFT(Thin Film Transistor) array panel includes a substrate(110), a gate line(121), a sustaining electrode line, a gate insulating film, a data line(171), a source electrode(173) and a drain electrode(175), a bank(146), an organic semiconductor(154), a protection film(180), and a pixel electrode(191). The gate line is formed on the substrate, extends in a first direction, and has a gate electrode(124). The sustaining electrode line is formed on the substrate. The gate insulating film covers the gate line and the sustaining electrode line. The data line is formed on the gate insulating film and extends in a second direction crossing the gate line. The source electrode is connected to the data line. The drain electrode is separated from the source electrode and faces the source electrode. The bank has a first hole(147) exposing the source electrode and the drain electrode. The organic semiconductor is formed in the first hole, and is connected to the source electrode and the drain electrode. The protection film covers the bank and the organic semiconductor. The pixel electrode is formed on the protection film and is connected to the drain electrode.


Since entering the 21 century,the military build up in the ASEAN nations has given priority to the modernization of navy,all adjusting the focus of their military strategy,improving the Navy's position in the armed forces.They have invested heavily to enhance their purchase power,to upgrade navy weaponry and to improve navy's three-dimensional combat capability.At the same time,navy bases,ports and airports construction have been stepped up and navy's logistics capacity has improved.However,due to the fact that the economic and technical basis of most ASEAN countries is relatively weak,achieving the objective of modernization of navy has a long way to go.


The Relationship Between Musicians' Internal Pulse and Rhythmic Sight-Reading Alison Lauren Pogemiller Farley Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Steven J. Morrison School of Music Playing music at first sight involves coordination of auditory, visual, spatial and kinesthetic systems to produce an accurate and musical performance (Hayward, 2009). Accurately performing pitch and rhythm in tandem has been observed to be difficult in a sight-reading task. Musicians' rhythm reading ability has been found to be the best predictor of sightreading performance (Elliott, 1982). It may be conjectured that stable and consistent internal pulse is necessary to perform accurate rhythms. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between an individual's timekeeping ability and performance on rhythmic sight-reading tasks. Fifty-three wind, string or percussion instrumentalists participated in one rhythmic sight-reading and three timekeeping evaluations in two separate sessions. The sight-reading evaluation included rhythmic excerpts that increased in difficulty as participants performed the exercises out loud with a neutral spoken syllable. The timekeeping evaluations involved silently reading rhythms and keeping steady beat with and without visual notation while tapping at specified points. Absolute deviations from


Abstract The coefficient of viscosity and the Stokes relation between this and the coefficient of selfdiffusion for a hard spheres dense fluid obtained from the Significant Structures Theory, have been compared with the corresponding Molecular Dynamics data obtained from the bibliography on this subject. In both cases, a satisfactory level of agreement was achieved.


Abstract Silver–phosphine complexes can be utilized as highly efficient catalysts for the cyclization of 2-(1-hydroxy-3-arylprop-2-ynyl)phenols (1) to give product 2, key intermediates to synthesize aurones (4), with good yields and stereoselectivities in water–toluene mixed solvent. With fluoride as the counteranion, complete E- or Z- stereoselectivities were achieved at high temperature or room temperature, respectively. Furthermore, after removing water from the reaction mixtures, the toluene solution containing crude products 2 can be treated by MnO2 directly without further purification, to give aurones 4 in good yields.


Wonderful opportunities to engage students in enjoying the beauty and products of the season, autumn celebrations are also ripe with themes for various mathematics problems and activities: pumpkins, hay rides, apples, scarecrows, and the changing colors of the leaves. To promote problem solving and critical thinking, the October problems are situated in the context of an elementary school's fall festival.


Critical temperatures (Tc) comparable to those of bulk materials were achieved by post-annealing MgB2 thin films grown at a low temperature of 280 °C. The Tc was improved to 36.7 K under annealing conditions of 550 °C for 50 h or more. Under these annealing conditions, a critical current density several tens of times higher at than that of MgB2 wires processed by a powder-in-tube method was achieved at 20 K under 5 T. This is the highest value reported in MgB2 bulk wires and films. Film-based MgB2 is a promising candidate for next-generation MgB2 wires.


The importance of staying relevant when teaching communication and advertising courses is hardly a new concept nor is the use of modern and evolving technologies to achieve this goal. However, empirically assessing college students' perceptions of online learning when it is a forced choice is an underexplored area. To address this gap and consider the perspectives of diverse student populations, this paper analyzes data collected from a large communication class at a Hispanic serving institution. The purpose of this research is to better understand students' perceptions of teaching technologies, class sizes, benefits and hindrances of online learning, preferred course delivery methods, social adaptations, and perceptions of how their university has handled the transition. Data revealed face-to-face courses were the most desired modality with no race or first-generation (FG) differences; however, gender differences were present. Class size impacted modality preference as well as preference for the inclusion of specific online tools. Additionally, a longitudinal comparison of student data between 2018 and 2020, before and after the onset of the global pandemic, revealed significant differences in student preparedness, faculty interaction, and institutional communication.


This paper is concerned with an optimal control suspension system using the preview information of road input based on a quarter car model. The main purpose of the control is to combine good vibration isolation characteristics with improved attitude control. The optimal control law is derived with the use of calculus of variation, consisting of three parts. The first part is a full state feedback term that includes integral control acting on the suspension deflection to ensure zero steady-state deflection in response to static body forces and ramp road inputs. The second part is a feed-forward term which compensates for the body forces when they can be detected, and the third part depends on previewed road input. The performance of the suspension is evaluated in terms of frequency domain characteristics and time responses to ramp road input and cornering forces. The effects of each part of the suspension controller on the system behavior are examined.


Technological innovation and consumer products consumer products and markets home automation home electronic messaging interactive compact disk-based multimedia the innovation process in consumer IT products.


The background to the Traffic Management Act 2004 in the UK is outlined and its implications are considered. The provisions already in force are described: network management by local traffic authorities; increased levels of fines for offences under Part III of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991; direction-making powers of local street authorities in relation to proposed street works; and the designation of a new category of road, a strategic road for London. Proposals for local authorities to institute permit schemes for specified categories of street works to be carried out are still being considered. The draft Code of Practice on Coordination is being considered. Possible features of a Permit Scheme are listed.


In order to achieve wireless energy transmission of artificial heart implemented in the body, a transcutaneous energy transmission system is designed using non-contact coupling to transfer power based on electromagnetic induction. Switch control circuitry is used in the system to convert external DC into high frequency AC (HFAC). The HFAC is coupled to the secondary circuit at the transcutaneous transformer, then rectified and supplied to the artificial heart pump and the internal batteries. The output voltage information is fed back to the control unit of the primary side using a wireless communication link.


1) a Commission proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the digitalisation of judicial cooperation and access to justice in cross-border civil, commercial and criminal matters, and amending certain acts in the field of judicial cooperation; and (2) a Commission proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council


Transforming error-prone immunosequencing datasets into antibody repertoires is a fundamental problem in immunogenomics, and a prerequisite for studies of immune responses. Although various repertoire reconstruction algorithms were released in the last three years, it remains unclear how to benchmark them and how to assess the accuracy of the reconstructed repertoires. We describe a novel IgReC algorithm for constructing antibody repertoires from high-throughput immunosequencing datasets and a new framework for assessing the quality of reconstructed repertoires. Benchmarking IgReC against the existing antibody repertoire reconstruction tools has demonstrated that it results in highly accurate repertoire reconstructions. Surprisingly, antibody repertoires constructed by IgReC from barcoded immunosequencing datasets in blind mode (without using unique molecular identifiers information) improved upon the repertoires constructed by the state-of-the-art tools that use barcoding. This finding suggests that IgReC may alleviate the need to generate repertoires using the barcoding technology (the workhorse of current immunogenomics efforts) because our computational approach to error correction of immunosequencing data ends up being nearly as powerful as the experimental approach based on barcoding.


A rough estimate of glacial erosion in the Precambrian basement is related to the total denudation of bedrock since its formation in the Proterozoic. The basis for the calculations is reference to surfaces of different age. Glacial erosion is responsible for merely polishing the northern shields. Major denudation occurred during the Proterozoic and amounted to tens of kilometres. During long periods the basement was protected by Palaeozoic cover rocks. It was re-exposed successively during the Mesozoic and Tertiary with denudation amounting to 600 m at the most. Glacial erosion can generally be counted in tens of metres though with great variations. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The countries of central and eastern Europe are character ised by some of the world's highest premature death rates in middle aged men.12 A considerable part of the epidemic of man made diseases observed in recent decades in this region is accounted for by diseases caused by alcohol.3"5 In general, an increase in alcohol consumption was observed in central and eastern European countries after the second world war, and negative health effects (including liver cir rhosis, deaths from external causes, etc) accompanied this.25 After 1980, changes in the economic and political situa tion in several countries, at different times, lead to striking fluctuations in alcohol consumption.4 As a result, a series of extraordinary natural experiments in the health effects of alcohol were conducted among the populations of eastern


According to Alexis de Tocqueville, a relatively independent and a pluralistic society is as indispensable as the "Let power limit power" constitutional government system in efforts to check autarchy and tyranny. The former facilitates a kind of "social balancing of power". The conception, known as "restriction of power by society" exerts great influence on democracy theories to come, especially those of pluralist democracy. To be fair, Tocqueville' s thinking also suffers from a number of shortcomings, as illustrated in the paper.


Includes a glass substrate, the stack of layers on the substrate are deposited, a glazing comprising a layer wherein the stack is formed of an alloy containing nickel and copper, the atomic percent of copper 1 percent in less than 25%, and the atomic percent of nickel is less than 99% at 75%, the glazing having a solar radiation modifying properties.


First-year needles and stems of Abies balsamea were collected at the end of the growing season along an elevational gradient on Mt. Moosilauke, NH. Tissue was sampled from the base (732 m), midslop...


Edge states in a sheet of MoS 2 in its 1T' phase, a two-dimensional topological insulator [1], propagate without backscattering, and are attractive for designing highly conductive transistor channels. The dispersion of edge states lies within an inverted gap of a topological insulator. By applying a vertical electric field E z , the inverted gap can be reduced, closed, and opened again as a direct dielectric gap in the "bulk" of the sheet [1]. As no propagating edge states are allowed within the direct gap, the current is dramatically reduced [2]


Background:
 Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) show decreased exercise performance despite normal ventricular function at rest. Multiple underlying mechanisms are considered.

 Methods:
 Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed in asymptomatic off-treatment CCS. Patients were divided into four groups by their peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) at 35 and 25 ml/kg/min in males and females, respectively ("Good" and "Poor" performance groups). * denotes weight-indexed values. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation.

 Results:
 Demographic and CPET data are presented in Table 1. There was no notable correlation between total anthracycline dosage and CPET values. Weight, body mass index, and peak respiratory exchange ratio were significantly higher in "Poor" groups in both sexes. Peak oxygen pulse (pOP*) and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT*) were significantly lower whereas heart rate (HR) dependency on work rate (WR*) (= ΔHR/ΔWR*) was significantly higher in "Poor" groups than in "Good" groups. There was no difference in ventilatory efficiency presented as a slope of ventilation (VE)/carbon dioxide output (VCO2)(ΔVE/ΔVCO2). Figure 1 demonstrated the relationship between weight and pVO2 (L/min) and between ΔHR/ΔWR* and pOP*, showing distinct difference between "Good" and "Poor" performers in both sexes; "Poor" performers revealed lower skeletal mass and stroke volume effects.

 Conclusions:
 Treatment-mediated cardiotoxicity is not the only cause of poor exercise performance in CCS. In addition to limited stroke volume indicated by lower pOP* with higher HR dependency, skeletal muscle loss and increased BMI mitigated the overall exercise performance.


Background and Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections in humans; it affects about 30% of people in developed countries and about 80% in developing ones. The majority of patients acquire the infection during childhood and the intrafamilial transmission is considered one of the most important routes of infection. The aim of this study was to assess the intrafamilial transmission rate among family members of index subjects. Methods: We have suggested all patients H. pylori-positive (99 patients, symptomatic index subjects) diagnosed during 18 months (Sep 2011-Dec 2012) to screen their family members by stool antigen test (SAT) and, when positive, to perform upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results: Through SAT we identified 126 patients belonging to 41 households of 99 initial index subjects, therefore 41 index subjects (41.4%) had at least one family member affected. The entire population studied included 225 H. pylori-positive patients: 99 index subjects (symptomatic) and 126 family members diagnosed by SAT screening and histological examination by gastroscopy. Of these, 103 patients (81.7%) were considered slightly symptomatic (mild clinical history until then not important enough to perform further diagnostic study) and 23 patients (18.3%) were totally asymptomatic. Conclusions: In the spread of H. pylori infection, the intrafamilial transmission is an important route of contamination; besides the known mother-to-child dyad, also the transmission among family members plays a considerable role and it should be always verified.


All the twenty possible ions of the type BX3+, BX2Y+, and BXYZ+(X, Y, and Z = F, Cl, Br, or I) have been identified mass spectrometrically. The mixed boron halides were obtained from the simple halides by redistribution reactions in the spectrometer source. The appearance potentials of these ions were calculated from the observed ionisation efficiency curves, using the semi-logarithmic-plot method. The values for the first ionisation potentials for BX3 agree closely with the most recent data from photoelectron spectroscopy.Various semi-empirical MO theories were applied to calculate the first ionisation potentials for the molecules BX3, BX2Y, and BXYZ. Close agreement with the experimental data was found using an extended Huckel approach, modified to account for the considerable charge-drift occurring in these compounds, which was then employed to calculate the electron distribution. The results indicate, that, contrary to the usual assumptions, π back-donation decreases in the series BI > BBr ≈ BCl BF; the σ-charge drift is the dominant factor in deciding overall bond polarity.


The purpose of work is to explicate the opportunities of dramatic approach of I. Hoffman to analyse the fashion as a space. A concrete material, where the action of the concept is demonstrated, it is the demonstration of clothing on seasonal fashion shows of designer`s collection. The methodology is the dramatic approach of I. Hoffmann, comparative analysis. The above mentioned methodology allowed us to trace the interconnection of image and fashion in zonal distribution of performance space. Originality consists in enriching of dramatic approach by analysis of fashion space by its zonal distribution that was used in the context of the combination of spatial and image component. Conclusions. Dramatic approach presents new methodology of fashion research that requires further consideration. We can distinguish two levels of understanding the concept of I. Hoffmann: individual and supra-individual, which are combined in spatial terms. I. Hoffmann`s definition of social formation as a space allows you to explore the fashion in this context. Zonal distribution of fashion according to dramatic approach reveals its interconnection with the image. Dramatic approach allows us to trace the dynamics in the space of fashion for disclosure of its ontological characteristics which are associated with space and time. Dualism of separation and unity of zones, their dynamism show the coincidence of image and fashion in spatial level. The proposed general model allows specifying a variety of spaces of fashion in their unity. Spatial differentiation (fashion store, magazine, and showing seasonal collections of designer and other) suggests the possibility of dramatic performance approach in each area, which may be a subject of investigation for the following publication.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Poor sleep is prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is associated with increased symptom severity and decreased quality of life. To date, research is mostly cross-sectional, limiting the ability to examine the causal direction between sleep and IBD symptoms. This short report aims to assess the temporal associations among sleep quality, pain, fatigue, and physical activity in adults with IBD.

METHODS
Adult IBD patients (N=18) completed a structured electronic diary two times per day (morning and evening) over 14 consecutive days. Morning diary items assessed sleep (sleep quality, wake after sleep onset, number of awakenings) and evening diary items assessed daytime IBD symptoms (abdominal pain, fatigue). An actigraph measured daily step count (physical activity). Generalized estimating equation models evaluated the lagged temporal associations between sleep ratings and next day pain, fatigue, and physical activity as well as reverse lagged temporal associations between daytime symptoms and physical activity and subsequent sleep ratings.

RESULTS
Poor self-reported sleep quality predicted increased next day abdominal pain and fatigue scores. Increased time awake during the night predicted decreased next day physical activity. In the reverse analyses, only the relationship between daytime abdominal pain and wake after sleep onset was significant.

CONCLUSIONS
Poor sleep appears to drive IBD-related outcomes, such as pain and fatigue. These findings are a first-step in demonstrating the key role of sleep in the IBD patient experience, potentially resulting in a treatment target for intervention. Future research is needed to confirm results in a larger sample.


Background Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by pathologic promyelocytes, chromosomal translocations t(15:17) (q22; q21) and clinical and cytological response to all-transretinoic acid (ATRA). A significant minority of patients with APL have variant translocations involving RARα gene with a different partner, not involving PML. These APL variant translocations may or not respond to ATRA treatment.

Case report A routine laboratory evaluation, before minor surgery, revealed leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and blasts presence in peripheral blood (PB), in an otherwise asymptomatic 70-year-old man. He had a previous history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, double coronary bypass and prostatectomy for non-malignant prostatic hypertrophy.

Peripheral blood (PB) count: hemoglobin concentration 12g/dL, platelet count: 21x109/L and white blood cell count (WBC): 35x109/L. Peripheral blood smear: myelemia exhibiting 74% blasts (including myeloid blast and promyelocytes) with fine chromatin pattern, heterogeneous and frequently convoluted nuclei and one to three prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm of these cells was basophilic with scanty purple granules. No Auer rods were found. The basic coagulation tests were normal(INR, APTT and fibrinogen) but D Dimer was 33.87 µg/ml. Normal biochemistry was shown, except for GGT 85 U/L and lactate dehydrogenase 2244 U/L.

Bone marrow (BM) aspirate was unsuccessful ("dry tap") but the bone trephine revealed an infiltration of 80% myeloid blasts. Cytochemistry: myeloperoxidase stain was deeply positive and chloroacetate and non-specific esterase stains were negative. Flow cytometry immunophenotype on PB was consistent with AML, likely M3 leukemia, with an atypical phenotype (MPO+, CD117+low, CD34+, CD13++, CD45+, CD15-,CD133-, CD33+, HLA-DR+low het , CD5-, CD7-, CD11b- , CD56+het, CD10-, CD8- ,CD4-, CD45RA+, CD19-, CD2-, Glya-, CD71+low, CD38-, CD1a-, CD41-, CD14-).

The analysis of the PML/RARα fusion gene, according to standard protocols, was negative. FISH studies showed 2 PML signals and 3 RARα copies, suggesting a possible variant rearrangement of this gene. FISH and molecular biology did not detect transcript for t(15:17), (5:17) or (11:17); so RARα was translocated with a strange partner.

Suspecting of a variant APL, the patient was treated with ATRA plus Idarrubicin. After 4 weeks treatment, deep neutropenia was observed but no granulocytic maturation. That suggested us resistance to ATRA. Thus, we changed the treatment to a classical induction scheme for AML. The patient attained cytologic remission, which he mantains so far with conventional chemotherapy.

Karyotype study was subsequently performed, identified an unbalanced rearrangement between 7q and 17q. Currently, we are identifying and sequencing the fusion partner of RARα .

Conclusion We report a novel case of variant acute promyelocytic leukemia with the karyotype der (7) t(7;17) (q11;q21). The morphology of PB and BM was critical for initial diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


2. "Let your mistakes worry you enough to prevent repetition." It is in the spirit of the above injunction that after an endoscopic experience of some ten years and approximately 300 foreign body cases, the mortality arising during this period will be reviewed. Attention will be focused on those factors which it would seem had a direct influence upon the unfavorable outcome in each of these cases.


Web traffic is one of the largest single types of traffic on the internet. From providing information to potential customers to hosting pictures for people to view, a company website is often the first place that people go to get information on that business. With the increased functionality, also comes increased attacks on the corporate websites. From Cross Site Scripting and SQL injection to brute force password attacks, websites need to be protected and use secure code. The problem is that each company needs to hire expert coders to secure their websites, either of which is not always done properly. This paper proposes a new approach to developing websites that are both safer and offer greater protection from the threats through standardized, secure code and by shifting code to use for each page load. Through analysis, it is shown that new approach should theoretically increase the security of websites over what is in use currently.


The silicon direct bonding process has been widely applied to silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices, power devices, and micromechanical sensors [1–3]. This bonding technology is a feasible technique for bonding silicon wafers without the use of any adhesive material, and the bonding can be attributed to intermolecular or interatomic attractive forces between the mating surfaces [4–6]. For the success of initial bonding at room temperature, the wafer surface must be not only sufficiently clean, flat, and smooth, but also able to induce attractive forces by an appropriate surface chemistry. Commercially available direct bonding methods using wet chemical cleaning achieve surface activation by immersion in sulfuric acid solutions or alkaline solutions [7,8]. However, these wet chemical treatments have many disadvantages: they increase the possibilities of surface roughening or chemical contamination, must be customized for each substrate material, and are not appropriate for multilayer materials with different chemical reactivities [9]. This paper reports an improved method of direct wafer bonding using surfaces activated by hydrogen plasma treatment. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of a hydrogen plasma on the bondability of silicon surfaces and on the surface chemistry and morphology. Gas-phase cleaning using a hydrogen plasma was observed to be an especially efficient way of removing carbon contaminants on the silicon surface, and the cleaned silicon surface was successfully activated.


The present research, exploratory and descriptive, was aimed at characterizing the implicit theories about creativity in 54 teachers of basic secondary, belonging to three high schools in Bogota D. C, six by each one of the key areas and mandatory, according to the law 115 of 1994. The data collection was conducted through a survey of Likert-type, constructed mainly from the theoretical foundation of the cognitive model of creativity. The analysis of the scanty information, helped demonstrate that for the majority of teachers, creativity is a own capacity for every human being, the fruit of various regular mental processes, which may be developed in the school , however, there are some contradictions, to consider that children are more creative than adults and that the production of creative ideas is associated with the degree of inspiration of the person. It is concluded that the implicit theories of teachers surveyed are not clear, because if this is understood in terms of mental structures and processes that all human beings possess, everyone can be creative and make more effective these processes by means of the experience.


Quality of conversational agents is important as users have high expectations. Consequently, poor interactions may lead to the user abandoning the system. In this paper, we propose a framework to test the quality of conversational agents. Our solution transforms working input that the conversational agent accurately recognises to generate divergent input examples that introduce complexity and stress the agent. As the divergent inputs are based on known utterances for which we have the 'normal' outputs, we can assess how robust the conversational agent is to variations in the input. To demonstrate our framework we built ChitChatBot, a simple conversational agent capable of making casual conversation.


Indirect network effects exist when the utility of consumers is increasing in the variety of complementary software products available for use with an electronic hardware device. In this study, we examine how trade liberalization affects production structure in the presence of indirect network effects. For these purposes we construct a simple two-country model of trade with two incompatible hardware technologies. It is shown that, given that both types of hardware exist before trade liberalization, liberalization may reduce the variety of hardware technology via intensified network effects. It is also shown that, contrary to the findings of previous studies, some consumers may become worse off as the result of trade. In other words, trade liberalization,which forms the basis for a greater variety of software products, may work as a catalyst for excess hardware standardization.


The production technizues of pipe,bar,shape,wire stocks of aluminum and aluminum alloy and development condition of chief technological ezuipments were introduced in this papey.The szueezing production process of aluminum and aluminum alloy,cold rolling and tensile process of pipe stocks and the developing process of the thermal treatment and straightening technologies of pipe,bar,shape,wire stocks etc.were emphatically discussed.With the progress of science and technizue,high-speed development of national economy,and continuous increase of people's living standard,different higher rezuirements for pipe,bar,shape and wire stocks of aluminum and aluminum alloy are proposed.For a number of years,there is a giant progress in the production technizues of aluminum and aluminum alloy and technological ezuipments at home and abroad.


Groundnut plant residue at different placements in the soil was tested for phytotoxic and other effects on the growth
and development of groundnut and maize plants. Results indicated that the residue released substances during
decomposition that inhibited growth and development of groundnut. Residues mixed with the soil or banded in a
layer below the seed was the most inhibitory to the growth of groundnut. However, early maize growth was stimulated
by the presence of residue on the soil surface or in the soil.


The objective of this work is the development of receiver designs for wireless CDMA communications with a special emphasis given to high-dimensional adaptive processing under small sample support. In this work, we propose a quadratically-constrained MVDR/MMSE filter in an effort to achieve superior filtering performance under limited sample support adaptations. The quadratically-constrained MVDR/MMSE filter estimator utilizes a regularized estimate of the input covariance matrix that is given as a convex combination of the sample-average covariance matrix and a scalar multiple of its inverse. Selection methods based on the limited sample support are proposed for both the inverse matrix multiplicative scalar as well as the regularization parameter, and they can be applied more generally to other adaptive filtering techniques such as selection of the diagonally-loaded MVDR parameter.


A fully calibrated and validated TGA-GC–MS is proposed for the quantitative analysis of diethylphosphate- end capped polymers. It allows the determination of the amount of phosphorous in polymeric samples and also thedetermination of the number of repeating units per chain end. Since no sample pretreatments are required polymeric films supported on inert substrates can be directly analyzed even in ultrathinfilms with thickness of few tens of nanometers. Finally, the chromatographic profile of the species evolving during the thermal degradation depend on the polymeric film thickness allowing that information concerning the polymer stability anddegradation mechanism at different size scale can be obtained. Considering the widespread interest for thin and ultrathin films of polymers containing phosphorous groupsfor brush-based technologies, the proposed method can be helpful in various areas, including flame retardantmaterial, healthcare and medicine, microelectronic, for facile and precise characterization ...


Dr. A. Aziz Dr. A. Aziz, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington has coauthored a book on "Extended Surface Heat Transfer" published by John Wiley, 2001. The book covers convecting and radiating Ž ns and Ž nned arrays, optimum designs, linear and nonlinear transformations, compact and transverse high-Ž n heat exchangers, multidimensional, transient, and periodic effects in extended surfaces, and boiling and condensation on Ž nned surfaces. Dr. Aziz has published over 40 papers on extended surface heat transfer during the past 25 years. He is also a coauthor (with T. Y. Na, University of Michigan, Dearborn) of a well-known book on "Perturbation Methods in Heat Transfer," Hemisphere, 1984. Dr. Aziz is a regular reviewer and a frequent contributor to the Heat Transfer Engineering. The other authors are Dr. Allan Kraus of University of Akron and Dr. James Welty of Oregon State University. Dr. Kraus is a recognized authority on extended surface technology and has authored many works on thermal systems. Dr. Welty is also well known in the heat transfer community with his numerous publications and services. Drs. Aziz, Kraus, and Welty are all Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).


We demonstrate for the first time that the charge neutral anthracene based fluorescent sensors 1a–c, having an aromatic or aliphatic thiourea moiety as an anion receptor, show ideal PET sensor behaviour where the anthracene fluorescence emission is selectively quenched upon titration with AcO−, H2PO4− and F− but not by Cl− and Br− in DMSO.


The private tutoring has become a widespread phenomenon in Punjab, Pakistan. The study examines the growth of private tutoring in Punjab, Pakistan, and its impact on parents' financial burden and credibility of the education system. Study followed an interpretive paradigm. The research design used for this study was phenomenological approach The research involves semi-structured interviews with 50 parents, and qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data. NVivo-14 software was used to identify the themes form data. The findings show that private tutoring is driven by the inadequacies of the public education system, peer pressure, and the perception of private tutoring as competitive advantage. However, parents perceive the financial burden of private tutoring as a significant concern. The results offered significant information for reaching the desired leading conclusion followed by certain recommendations. The study recommends that the government address the inadequacies of the public education system, regulate private tutoring, and enhance professional development of teachers.


In order to report the words of others, children must learn how to point out to the listener whether the vantage point is that of the original discourse (direct speech) or that of the present reporting (indirect speech). The present article reports a study designed to investigate children's deictic changes (signalling direct or indirect speech), use of speech act verbs, and preference for reporting system in their retold narratives. Twenty subjects at each of four ages (4,6,8 years old, and adult) participated in the study. With regard to the correct use of direct speech, a linear age function emerged. An investigation of subjects' preference for reporting style revealed a U‐shaped function indicating that 4‐year‐olds, like 8‐year‐olds and adults, preferred indirect speech, whereas 6‐year‐olds used direct speech more frequently in their reports. The findings of this study indicate that children's complete mastery of direct and indirect speech in English extends over many years.


The purpose of this short note is to reformulate theorem 9·3 in [5] which is not correct as stated. We note that all other results in [5] are independent of that statement. The notation is the same as [5] with the sole exception that C0(S) will always denote the space of all real-valued continuous functions on the locally compact space S vanishing at infinity. As usual, αS stands for the one-point compactification of S. Recall that a norm ‖ · ‖ on a Banach space X is said to be maximal if there is no equivalent norm on X whose isometry group contains properly that of ‖ · ‖.


Objective To study inhibition of edaravone on the apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide and its regulation mechanisms. Methods HUVECs were treated with 0.5mmol/L H2O2,therefore,a cell model for oxidative damage was established. Edaravone before H2O2-treating was as an appropriate intervention. After Annexin V/PI staining,apoptotic rate of HUVECs was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and expression of Caspase-3 and membrane potential of mitochondria were detected by FCM. Results In media and high concentration groups of edaravone,compared with H2O2 groups,relevant indicators including early apoptotic rate and following necrotic rate,Caspase-3 positive rate,and mitochondrial injury rate of HUVECs dropped evidently,the same was in low concentration group of edaravone but not statistically significant. Conclusion Edaravone has antagonism to apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells induced by hydrogen peroxide,the mechanisms could be related to maintaining of membrane potential of mitochondria and reduction of expression of Caspase-3.


Most wireless sensor network (WSN) are widely used to adopt various crop monitoring systems which overcome many issues caused due to lack of an efficient crop monitoring system. As there is an increasing need of various decision support systems at different field locations which constantly monitor the crops for good yield. The main focus of this paper is to review the latest available crop monitoring system designs and their implementations using wireless sensor network which results in increasing the crop yielding and quality of farming without manual observation of the farmer. Many physical events such as relative humidity, soil moisture, water levels etc. are most important for the crop productivity, growth, and quality of plants in different agricultural fields. Sensors have to transmit the collected information through a gateway to the data server. The experts can observe the crop growth by calculating various natural factors from the cloud server simultaneously. The analysis of crop growth at various optimal environmental conditions is analyzed and achieved for maximum crop productiveness through this type of continuous monitoring.


Productive mastering of the subject space of the ego-history is one of the most crucial tasks of historical writing in relation to the study of the past of the socio-cultural practice of the individual. The basis of our study has become the publication of 12 letters of O. Kobylianska for the period from 1918 to 1932, addressed to the figures of the UPR (Nikita Shapoval and his wife Olga Shapoval, Pavlo Bogatsky). These letters are kept in the funds of the Central State Achieves of Higher Bodies of Ukraine. The study of Bukovinian writer's epistolary was aimed to reveal the conditions and circumstances of life of local Ukrainians in the interwar period.
Joining of Bukovina the Kingdom of Romania led to Romanization in the region. O. Kobylianska, who was already recognized as part of the Ukrainian literary canon and lived in Chernivtsi, became a symbol of the national survival of local Ukrainians. Reflection of everyday routine in correspondence is rendered by the author through the prism of significance and acuity for the elderly writer, the general background of which is the constant rethinking of the general Ukrainian case. Analysis of Kobylianska's collection of letters reveals helplessness to life circumstances, such as high prices and lack of food, lack of own housing and living at relatives' homes, cold homes, lack of reliable source of income and life in debt, brokerage exchange deals, deterioration of health and long lasting informational vacuum concerning relatives and friends. The lonely sick writer survived due to significant support of local Ukrainians, as well as financial support and assistance with publishing projects, provided by Ukrainians living abroad. In the correspondence of O. Kobylianska, there is a motive of control of outgoing information (both own information and the information of the recipients) as signs of non-freedom of the public atmosphere in sub-Romanian Bukovina.


Experimental search for the pentaquark and H dibaryon, D. Ashery production structure and decays of multi-strange matter, C.B. Dover quarks in hadrons and nuclei, A. Faessler parton distributions and nonperturbative QCD, L. Kisslinger chiral restoration in heavy ion collision, C.M. Ko the QCD-phase transition in hot hadronic matter, H.J. Pirner chiral symmetry in nuclear physics, M. Rho magnetic monopole condensation on colour confinement and chiral symmetry breaking in the dual Ginzburg-Landau theory, H. Toki present status on the search for the quark-gluon plasma, C.Y. Wong exploring dense nuclear matter with heavy ion collisions, W. Zajc. (Part contents).


COSI, software developed by the Nuclear Energy Direction of the CEA, is a code simulating a pool of nuclear power plants with its associated fuel cycle facilities. This code has been designed to study various short, medium and long term options for the introduction of various types of nuclear reactors and for the use of associated nuclear materials. In the frame of the French Act for waste management, scenario studies are carried out with COSI, to compare different options of evolution of the French reactor fleet and options of partitioning and transmutation of plutonium and minor actinides. Those studies aim in particular at evaluating the sustainability of Sodium cooled Fast Reactors (SFR) deployment and the possibility to transmute minor actinides. The COSI6 version is a completely renewed software released in 2006. COSI6 is now coupled with the last version of CESAR (CESAR5.3 based on JEFF3.1.1 nuclear data) allowing the calculations on irradiated fuel with 200 fission products and 100 heavy nuclides. A new release is planned in 2013, including in particular the coupling with a recommended database of reactors. An exercise of validation of COSI6, carried out on the French PWR historic nuclear fleet, has been performed. During this exercisemore » quantities like cumulative natural uranium consumption, or cumulative depleted uranium, or UOX/MOX spent fuel storage, or stocks of reprocessed uranium, or plutonium content in fresh MOX fuel, or the annual production of high level waste, have been computed by COSI6 and compared to industrial data. The results have allowed us to validate the essential phases of the fuel cycle computation, and reinforces the credibility of the results provided by the code.« less


The insulation coordination for the first 1000 kV power transmission project in China is studied and decided under the optimization principle, it is not a simply extrapolation of that for 500 kV power transmission system and is nor completely in accordance with the standards of GB311.1-1997 and IEC60071-1-1993. The insulation level of 1000 kV power transformer adheres to following items: the lightning impulse withstand voltage is 2250kV; the switching impulse withstand voltage is 1800 kV; and the power frequency withstand voltage is 1100 kV/5min. Due to the differences among the insulation levels and insulation test voltages for different windings of UHV power transformer and the close electromagnetic coupling among the windings of UHV power transformer, the power frequency and impulse test voltages are transmitted among these windings by the transformer ratio, thus it is bound to bring about the condition that the insulation design for some conductor terminals can not be checked by the test voltage specified in the technical specification. Besides, due to the high voltage class, high capacity and super size of UHV power transformer, the size of its test circuit is correspondingly enlarged, the impacts of stray inductance and capacitance will be more intense consequentially, thus it makes the front time of voltage waveform in lighting impulse test elongated, however, the design and calculation are generally conducted according to standard waveform, thus in the isolation design of UHV power transformer the attention should be paid to the impact of long front time test voltage. In this paper, the structural features and insulation level of power transformer for 1000 kV power transmission project in China as well as special problems during the insulation test are presented in detail.


Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam.( Cucurbitaceae )known as Dadhiphala in Sanskrit, contains triterpenoids ,flavonoids, coumarins, saponines, cucurbitacins, carotenoid, vitamins, minerals and amino acid. The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activities of petroleum ether, chloroform and methanolic extract of pericarp of C.maxima .Total polyphenolic, flavonoid and flavonol content of MECM found12mg /gm (gallic acid equivalent),3.8 mg/gm and 0.8 mg/gm (rutin equivalent) respectively.All extract were tested for DPPH radical scavenging, Nitric oxide radical scavenging and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity.IC-50 value for DPPH method of PECM,CECM and MECM were found to be 393ug/ml, 355ug/ml and 155ug/ml , while for nitric oxide scavenging activity 280ug/ml, 303ug/ml and 211ug/ml and for hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity 545ug/ml, 273ug/ml and 619ug/ml respectively..MECM shows good antioxidant activity as compare to PECM and CECM.


Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore‐Tex) suture as compared to polybutylate‐coated braided polyester (Ethibond) suture as sling materials for frontalis suspension in bilateral congenital ptosis.


Part I: Setting the Scene 1. Contemporary Chellanges in Higher Education 2. Researching Student Learning: Accounting for structure and agency Part II: A Theoretical Framework 3. Critical realism as philosophical function 4. Realist Social Theiry: Archer's morphogentic approach 5. A Socialist Realist Perspective on Knowledge and Curriculum 6. Conceptualising Student Agency Part III: Developing a Case Study in Engineering Education 7. Geographical Context for the Study: Locating UCT Chemical Engineering 8. Disciplinary Context for the Study: Locating engineering education 9. Choosing Engineering 10. Studying Engineering- defining your project 11. Studying Engineering - engaging with others 12. Studying Engineering - the knowledge project 13. Conclusions for the Case Study Part IV: Drawing the Strands Together 14. A Social Realist Approach to Research on Student Learning


Matched observations with dichotomous responses commonly occur in medical and epidemiological researches. Although standard approaches exist for one-to-one paired binary data analyses, there is not much work for one-to-two or one-to-N matched binary data in the current statistical literature. The existing Miettinen's test assumes that the multiple observations from the same matched set are mutually independent. In this paper, we propose exact and asymptotic tests for one-to-two matched binary data. Our method is markedly different from existing methods in that ours does not rely on a mutual independence assumption. The emphasis on dependence among observations from the same matched set is natural and appealing, as much in human health as it is in veterinary medicine. It can be applied to many types of diagnostic studies with one-to-two matched data structure. Our methods can be generalized to one-to-N matched case in a straightforward manner.


The importance of Model-Driven Development (MDE) in Software Engineering has been in a constant increase. Model transformation, a key element of MDE, allows for the definition and implementation of the operations on models. This paper is about assessing how the Smalltalk programming language may be used as a modeling language to transform Smalltalk applications into Java ones. To our knowledge, no attempt in translating Smalltalk programs into Java programs has been made. Such a translation raises several challenging issues related to the type system and the execution model. This paper presents a general translating schema for Smalltalk to Java. In essence, each Smalltalk class is translated into a Java one; the root of the Smalltalk classes understands all Smalltalk messages that can be sent in order to satisfy the type system. Blocks are translated into inner classes. An implementation is also presented based on several case studies.


3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl chloride was found to undergo solvolysis in acetic acid to form 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranose as the main reaction product. The much less reactive anomeric α-chloride also appeared to undergo solvolysis with extensive inversion of the anomeric center. It is submitted that the tendencies for inversion obtained in these ionic reactions are due to the conformations imposed on the intermediate ions through distribution of the positive charge to the ring oxygen and the consequent introduction of double-bond character to the carbon-1 to ring-oxygen bond.


Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is a specialized structure used in the field of electromagnetic waves and radio frequency (RF) engineering. It is designed to exhibit selective transmission or reflection properties based on the frequency of the incident electromagnetic waves. This article describes the design, construction, and analysis of a textile-based band-stop frequency selective surface for use in the highly EM-polluted GSM, Wi-Fi, LTE, and WiMAX bands. A full-wave EM solver called CST Microwave Studio was used to develop and simulate the unit cell of the proposed FSS at the relevant frequency. In this study, embroidered and screen-printed textile based FSSs were designed. According to the results of this study, it was demonstrated that both embroidery and screen printing FSSs exhibit resonance at a frequency of 3.5 GHz. The screen printing method yielded the best results in terms of resonance frequency sensitivity, while the embroidery method showed a resonance frequency shift. It was observed that the stitch directions and density are important parameters in the embroidery method. Gaps between the embroidery paths in the production of embroidered FSSs resulted in differences from simulations due to the disruption of the structural integrity of the unit cell. Consequently, textile-based FSSs offer advantages over traditional FSSs. This study highlights the potential of textile FSSs as an effective means of reducing electromagnetic pollution, and suggests that further improvements in the design and production processes of textile FSSs can be made.


I am delighted to be here with you today to address the Israel Council on Foreign Relations, on this, my first visit to the State of Israel in the capacity as minister of foreign affairs of Romania. Over the last two days, I have had very productive meetings with high-ranking government and parliamentary officials. I have had the opportunity to witness, once again, the very special nature of the relationship between our two countries-one based on common values and shared cultural and historical ties.


Hermits are referred to as the men who have ability and morality but refuse to be officials.The hermits living in the Song Dynasties had these characteristics in common: experienced frustrations of being an official;underwent a change from an official to hermit;having a strong individualism and strange behavior at the beginning of their hermit life.Ever since Bai Juyi,the hermit thought has evolved into a worldly wisdom: stick to the basic morality;uphold self-esteem;adhere to self-cultivation and concentration of mind,but never neglect his own social responsibility.They became lost at their living time,but were remembered as an artistic monument for generations.


Myosin II plays critical roles in events such as cytokinesis, chemotactic migration, and morphological changes during multicellular development. The amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum provides a simple system for the study of this contractile protein. In this system, myosin II filament assembly is regulated by myosin heavy chain (MHC) phosphorylation in the tail region of the molecule. Earlier studies identified an alpha‐kinase, MHC kinase A (MHCK A), which phosphorylates three mapped threonine residues in the myosin tail, driving myosin disassembly. Using molecular and genomic approaches, we have identified a series of related kinases in Dictyostelium. The enzyme MHCK B shares with MHCK A a domain organization that includes a highly novel catalytic domain coupled to a carboxyl‐terminal WD repeat domain. We have engineered, expressed, and purified a FLAG‐tagged version of the novel kinase. In the present study, we report detailed biochemical and cellular studies documenting that MHCK B plays a physiological role in the control of Dictyostelium myosin II assembly and disassembly during the vegetative life of Dictyostelium amoebae. The presented data supports a model of multiple related MHCKs in this system, with different regulatory mechanisms and pathways controlling each enzyme. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


McKee and Westheimer 1978) enhance task performance (for a review see Fahle and Poggio 2002). This is regarded as a manifestation of underlying neural plasticity in low-level visual processing areas including V1öthe cortical area onto which afferent visual signals are first projected (Crist et al 2001; Schoups et al 2001; Schwartz et al 2002). Perceptual learning can be task-specific. First, practice of a task on a relevant feature does not necessarily improve the performance for tasks on features that are irrelevant to the task in the training phase (Ahissar and Hochstein 1993; Schoups et al 2001), although some studies show that training can occur for features which are irrelevant to the training task (Seitz and Watanabe 2003; Watanabe et al 2001, 2002). This suggests that in some cases attention selects the sensory population relevant to a given task. Second, studies have shown that learning does not transfer from one task to another (Crist et al 2001; Matthews et al 1999; Poggio et al 1992). Although, again, this is not always the case (cf Beard et al 1995), overall evidence suggests that perceptual learning can be highly task-specific. No transfer between tasks found in some cases of perceptual learning suggests that different tasks may modify underlying visual processing in different ways. However, it has not yet been clarified how this occurs. One effective way to understand the underlying visual processing change due to perceptual learning is to measure change in psychophys-ical tuning functions to a visual feature In the present study, we measured changes in psychophysical motion-tuning functions to different motion directions due to training on two different tasks (motion coherence detection and motion direction discrimination) with the same set of stimuli presented with the same frequency in each block of the training. The detection training most highly improved performance on the


This device (1 or 3) adjusts the band, throughput, or radio resources used in device-to-device transmission from a remote terminal (1) to a relay terminal (2) on the basis of the amount of uplink data held in the relay terminal (2) for transmitting from the relay terminal (2) to a base station (3). By this means, it is possible to contribute, for example, to avoiding inconsistency of performance between sidelink transmission from the remote terminal to the relay terminal and uplink transmission from the relay terminal to the base station.


The obligation to establish and maintain proper organisational structures of clinical activity is gaining more and more significance in everyday hospital routine. It pertains to the general requirements for providing medical care and establishes a legal framework. Diagnosis, therapy and follow-up care must be organised in such a way that all avoidable hazards to the patient are precluded. Settlement of claims focuses on hospital owners.


Objective: To detect the expression of signal transduction molecule ζ-chain associated protein 70 (ZAP70) in activated γδΤ cells from human peripheral blood. Methods: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from healthy volunteers were stimulated by low molecular peptide antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb-Ag), PBMCs were activated by Mtb-Ag for 10 days and then highly purified γδΤ cells were obtained by immunomagnetic beads selection. The expression of ZAP-70 in γδΤ cells was detected by Western blotting. Results: The proportion of γδΤ cells were 4.7 ± 0.6% in freshly obtained PBMC, and 69.8 ± 5.1% after 10 days of Mtb-Ag activation, and 99.1 ± 5.9% after immuno-magnetic beads selection, as same as the expression of protein ZAP-70 detected by western blotting. Conclusions: ZAP-70 is highly expressed in proliferated and activated γδΤ cells.


Brown earth and aeolian sandy soil were selected to study the effect of different levels of P on Zn Quantity-intensity(Q/I)relationship,the Zn exchange process with the energy point of view.The results showed that,the Zn-supplying capacity of brown earth was stronger than that of aeolian sandy soil,and different levels of P had no significant effects on△Zn,AR,and△G in the soil.Their changes were due to different levels of Zn.


Following on from a previous laminar study, the eectiv eness of lm cooling in hypersonic turbulent o w (M1 = 8:2) has been investigated. Coolant inlet geometry, coolant o w turbulence level and coolant injection angle have been studied in order to check their eects on heat transfer rate prediction. Dilatation-dissipation corrections of the k ! turbulence model have been tested and found to be very important in predicting the heat transfer rate for complex o w under high Mach number. Coolant injection rate and slot height were checked against the experimental results and similarly successful levels of agreement to the laminar study were achieved.


Abstract : Unsatisfactory operation of the TAU-15/B infrared target flares had been observed when these flares were employed at high subsonic speeds and high (35,000 ft) altitude. The primary difficulty was failure of a significant percentage of the flares to burn after successful operation of the ignition squibs. Since it was believed that age of the flares may have affected their operational performance, this test was conducted to investigate the ignition failure rate of TAU-15/B flares which had been in storage since the July October 1960 manufacturing period. Specific objectives of the test were to determine the ignition failure rate during flight at 35,000 ft altitude and mach 0.7 as well as under simulated flight conditions in an altitude chamber. It was concluded that performance of the TAU-15/B flares varies from one production lot to another and with altitude and the internal temperature of the individual flares. Results obtained under simulated altitude conditions in the altitude chamber correlated reasonably well with those obtained during airborne tests.


— Species composition, distribution, and phytosociology of an 8 hectare area of tall grass prairie was intensively studied. Elevation and soils data were correlated with species distribution patterns. All species showed a response. Nine general patterns of distribution were observed in relation to elevation and soil types. Ordination and interspecific association analyses were used to identify clusters or groups of species having similar ecological amplitudes. Sporobolis heterolepis is the dominant plant of the upland prairie. The vegetation of the prairie is best described and represented by the continuum concepts of phytosociology. A government survey started in March 1832, when Iowa was still a territory, and completed in August 1859 first documented the original extent of Iowa's prairie. The survey indicated that in the 1850s grassland covered about 85 percent of Iowa (U.S. Government 1868, Hayden 1945, Hewes 1950, and Dick-Peddie 1955). Today there are only a few tracts of this once vast Iowa prairie remaining. Provision for state-owned prairies was made in 1933 when the Iowa State Conservation Commission prepared a report known as the Iowa Twenty-five Year Conservation Plan. This plan led to the purchase of several prairies that are now owned by state agencies. The prairies were purchased and set aside as natural areas with the intent that the various typical landscapes, wild flowers, and wild life of the native tall-grass prairie region be preserved for posterity. It was also intended that these areas would be useful as '^ame and wild life sanctuaries; as examples of the native prairie soil types, where comparisons could be made with cultivated soils of the same soil association; and as reserves of prairie where scientific investigations could be made on problems concerning the native vegetations, floras, and faunas of the various topographic, climatic, and prairie districts throughout Iowa. Therefore, they were meant to serve as a reference point by which future generations could compare the influences of man on Iowa since settlement (Hayden 1946, Moyer 1953, Aiiman 1959, Landers 1966). Kalsow Prairie, 64.8 ha (160 acres) of unplowed grassland in Pocahontas County, Iowa, is one such area. Criteria for its purchase dictated that this area satisfy the requirements of a game preserve, contain one or more soil types of an association, and include several regional vegetation types (Hayden 1946). Since its purchase in 1949 it has been the object of several studies on the nature and description of its vegetation, soils, management, insects, response to fire, mammals, and nematodes (Moyer 1953, Ehrenreich 1957, Esau 1968, Richards 1969, Brennan 1969, Norton and Ponchillia 1968, Schmitt 1969). The characteristics of Iowa prairie in terms of vegetation types, structure, and general ecology of the dominant species was the subject of several papers during the 1930s and 1940s (Steiger 1930, Rydberg 1931, Weaver and Fitzpatrick 1934, Hayden 1943). These authors recognized the existence of six major types of grassland or vegetative communities and generally concluded that water relations, as affected by climate, soil, and topography, are responsible for local variations in the structure and distribution of Iowa prairie vegetation. Weaver and Fitzpatrick (1934)


The backbone of the Indian economy is the agricultural sector. Today agricultural fields are getting converted in concrete societies and barren lands. Due to heavy pollution in the environment, crops and fields are losing their productivity. So it's become very essential to have a continuous check on the crops and the agricultural region of the country. In this research work we have used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) technique to check the vegetation area in the Dehradun region of the Uttarakhand, India. We have calculated the NDVI values for the three regions of the Dehradun using multi-spectral Landsat 8 data. We have found the values of NDVI in three different areas and concluded that the region of Dehradun is fairly good for crop productivity and agricultural purpose till date.


The paper uses principal component analysis(PCA) to reduce the number of index for logistics enterprise financial benefit accounting,which is helpful in furthering researches on data of logistics enterprise financial benefit.


model of the Calusa. What aspects of demography, sociopolitical organization, ecology, and human coastal adaptations can be brought to bear on the Calusa situation? We find that the Calusa, an anomaly among North American native societies, are not a theoretical exception worldwide. Indeed, anthropologists have recorded other ranked chiefdoms inhabiting similar tropical, coastal-estuarine zones in which food resources also are both fine grained (i.e., evenly spaced) and densely distributed, though such cultures are rare. The Calusa's cultural adjustments to their environment with its rich nearshore marine resources and low agricultural potential can therefore be predicted and a model fully grounded in method and theory can be constructed. Once it is clear that a processual model can be derived, Widmer reviews the specific data base available to be ordered and explained within the general theoretical model. After a history of archaeological research in the Calusa region, he presents a culture history based on known archaeological data. This is followed by presentation of the geological, ecological, and environmental data, both those relevant to modern southwest Florida (after 2700 B.P.) and those prior to that time. Both sets of data are necessary if the model is to be diachronic and if we are to understand why Calusa cultural adjustments differed from those present in earlier environments. If there are pertinent ecological and environmental data not utilized by Widmer, I would be surprised. His comprehensive overview provides a firm understanding of the natural systems that drove the cultural systems of the Calusa and their prehistoric ancestors. Several factors in that overview are especially important: The rising level of the Gulf of Mexico slowed sufficiently by 2700 B.P. to allow formation of modern coastal environmental conditions; the highest level of coastal-resource productivity was reached after 2700 B.P. with the onset of modern conditions, not before that date; productivity has its basis in the mangrove and tropical marine-meadow ecosystems that support stable and diverse resources; and, although seasonally stable, the availability of those resources is affected locally by stochastic factors such as influxes of freshwater from heavy rains. Another factor is that the relatively lush southwest Florida natural environment is geographically restricted; less-productive systems bound it on the east and north. What were the human cultural systems that developed within this region over the last 13,000 years? Widmer takes us from the earliest Paleoindian cultures through the Archaic period, modeling how changing environmental factors influenced human subsistence, population size and density, and sociopolitical organization. As much as possible with the available data base, he correlates these cultural variables with archaeological data. With the onset of modern conditions at 2700 B.P., there was the rapid appearance of a cultural pattern very different from those that had existed previously. First defined by John Goggin in the 1940s, the Glades tradition has since been recognized on the basis of its new types of archaeological sites and new artifact complex. Widmer adds the processual explanation behind the material remains of the Glades coastal cultural tradition. Between 2700 B.P. and A.D. 800 the sedentary Glades tradition peoples, living off the productive coastal resources, increased in population at a higher rate than was possible in the past. At A.D. 800 the cultural carrying capacity of the southwest Florida region was reached. Village fissioning and movement into previously unoccupied locales were no longer options to relieve stresses on resource availability. An "increased efficiency capture rate of resource procurement" had to be tied to "conflict resolution, implementation of coordinated labor activities, and coordination of village defense.. . institutionalized within a ranked lineage system" (p. 222). Social and environmental conscription on a regional level led to the evolution of the Calusa ranked chiefdom. Widmer proceeds to present a detailed model of postA.D. 800, Calusa subsistence, settlement, and sociopolitical systems, integrating the ecological and environmental data with what we know about the Calusa from archaeological and documentary sources. Of particular theoretical interest is his discussion of the Calusa chiefdom and critical natural resources, redistribution, population size and density, social organization, warfare, and interregional trade and exchange. His model and its implications for anthropological theory are going to make it very difficult for general textbook writers to continue to ignore the importance of studies of prehistoric Native America cultures to our understanding of human cultures. One of the best things about Evolution of the Calusa is that it appears at a time when other archaeologists are newly engaged in Calusa studies. William Marquardt and his associates have initiated an interdisciplinary project in the Calusa region that, as Widmer notes, will produce data to add to and refine the present Calusa model. I am certain that in the future, anthropology will be reading a great deal more about the Calusa and the southwest Florida region, "one of the most archaeologically important in North America" (p. 53).


Liquid crystal display (LCD) is widely used in various display applications such as cellular phones, PC monitors, televisions (TVs), multimedia products, among others. An LCD backlight module usually includes backlight sources, a light-diffusion plate, a reflector, a brightness-enhancement film (BEF) and a light-guide plate (LGP). Conventionally, cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) are required to provide sufficient backlighting for LCD panels [1-5]. Growing concerns about environmental issues will inhibit the use of CCFLs that contain poisonous mercury. Owing to improvement in long operative life, wider operation temperature range, and the simplicity of driver circuit work with low and safe voltages, light emitting diode (LED) has gradually substituted the CCFL as backlight [6-9]. This chapter will introduce some LED backlight driving techniques for LCD panels. Some dimming control methods will also be introduced and compared for regulating the LED current and brightness of the LED backlight system. The principal goal of this chapter is to ensure that readers become familiar with LED backlight driving techniques for LCD panels. We begin this chapter with a look at three LCD backlight structures: edge-light type, bottom-light type and hollow type. Figure 1(a) shows the bottom-light structure. Because of its high-luminance feature, the bottom-light structure is commonly used for PC monitors and TVs. With regard to the luminance uniformity on an LCD panel, a light-mixed zone is necessary between the diffusion plate and the light sources. This zone causes undesirable thickness for large-sized TV applications. Figure 1(b) shows the hollow type structure in which an LGP is used to reduce the thickness of the light-mixed zone. The good qualities of this type pertain to its compact shape, high luminance and good thermal dissipation. Figure 1(c) shows the edge-light structure commonly used in a small-scale LCD panel. This type is of compact shape and low power consumption, so it is suitable for notebook PCs and personal digital assistant (PDA) products. There are two types of LEDs for backlight sources, the white-light LEDs and RGB LEDs. The white-light LED is composed of a blue LED coated with yellow phosphor. Simple driving feature make it as a popular choice for new generation of LCD backlight sources in portable display products. Its color filter divides the emitted white light into RGB sub-pixels to present color pictures. Thicknesses of O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .in te ch w eb .o rg


Donelson R. ForsythUsing social psychological theory and research to gain insight into mental healthprocesses is a good idea. It is also an old idea. In 1921, Morton Prince and FloydAllport asserted that most problems for which clients seek professional help areinterpersonal in origin, whereas therapeutic gains are largely the product ofinterpersonal processes. So they renamed the


Endoglin (TGF‐β receptor III), an accessory receptor necessary for transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling, is essential during angiogenesis. Cleavage of endoglin by matrix metalloproteinase‐14 (MMP‐14) creates a soluble receptor (sEng) which is elevated in the sera of people with preeclampsia. Similarly to sflts which bind VEGF, sEng binds TGF‐β and impairs functions ranging from endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, vasodilation, and modulation of vascular permeability, to regulation of immune homeostasis, trophoblastic invasion and differentiation.


Through a historic discontinuity, successive ruptures, a people, groups continue to live and exist. For trying to draw the sense of this continuity, it is recommended to decompose the cultural fact, to perceive the essential and authentic aspect in its constancy. Daily life with its socio-cultural systems of reproduction in family life perpetuates the cultural phenomenon in its constantly actualized efficacy. Permanence of groups at through their itinerary holds our attention upon families which overpower "Zawiyas". Their testimony accounts for the sense of the distance covered. The way of this change can only emanate from the convergence of the principal and heterogeneous elements yet essential in what regards their surpassing toward a continuous synthesis. In that way, the body continually demanded by a traditional educative ritual, then kept up by a surrounding extended family, becomes the principal liaison officer of communication in the group. The body, unique means of expression offers itself as analysis objet. Does it play its repairing part, and unifying one, does it permit the acquisition of the "collective self" or of the "our-i" ? This total symbiosis between the individual unity and its primar group generates a minimum fare which disclaims responsibility, diminishes wounds and anguishes, restores individual security. Such fusion of the body in the group through its historic and then socio-emotional genesis (the child in family life, the corporal treatments received and their investment) polarizes the early acquaintance of the world. The body's fantasies as natural defence participate to the transcendence of social conflicts thanks to the social imaginary and its protector effect.