ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of an oral history project focusing on the experiences of female footballers, in particular those playing for Manchester City Women since its formation as a community initiative in 1988, through to its modern-day position as a leading Women's Super League club. It discusses the development of the project, analysis of the methodology employed and provides high-level findings on the club's history, the participants and the research process. For too long female participation, even at England's most famous clubs, has not been widely recognised, reported on or understood. This project, supported by a professional football club, begins to address these omissions. It does so by focusing on personal testimonies, together with archive material to generate an historical account of how a team, established as a community initiative, developed into a major trophy-winning club.


Extending the lifetime of the energy constrained wireless sensor networks is a crucial challenge in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) research. When designing a WSN infrastructure Resource limitations have to be taken into account. The inherent problem in WSNs is unbalanced energy consumption, characterized by multi hop routing and a many-to-one traffic pattern. This uneven energy dissipation can significantly reduce network lifetime. This paper proposes a new routing method for WSNs to extend network lifetime using a combination of a fuzzy approach and Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm.  Determine an optimal routing path from the source to the destination by favoring the highest remaining battery power, and the lowest distance (minimum number of hops) to the sink. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of balancing energy consumption and maximization of network lifetime, we compare our approach with the BBO search algorithm and fuzzy approach using the same routing criteria. Simulation results demonstrate that the network lifetime is significantly increased by employing the proposed routing method.


B2B e-commerce model is the principal part of the-e-commerce market in China. There is great significance in exploring on it. By investigating on the main types of B2B ecommerce model, the profit model of the third-party B2B e-commerce platforms was analyzed. Five suggestions about the innovation and development of the third-party B2B e-commerce in the near future were proposed lastly, such as Transfer from information release to online transaction, providing financing service for SMEs and providing e-marketing outsourcing service for SMEs etc.


from the history of successful U.S. aid is that, although necessary, grant aid to build infrastructure, transfer technology and provide essential, but costly imports was not sufficient to assure development in Taiwan, South Korea or Costa Rica. Neither were their well-administered, domestically oriented development plans sufficient. Access to the massive U.S. consumer market was the final element that promoted these countries' development. (147)


In 1845, Edgar Allan Poe, published his acclaimed poem "The Raven," became the overnight darling of New York literary society, and fell in love with a beautiful and equally famous poet. It was the year that ruined him forever. John May's perfectly imagined novel brings New York's giddy pre-Civil War social scene into brilliant focus as it unfolds the spellbinding story of a doomed man and the great love that sealed his fate. By the end of what should have been his crowning year, Edgar Poe was reviled by the same capricious circles that had gathered adoringly at his feet to hear him recite "The Raven" again and again. Swept up in the fervor, Frances Sargent Osgood, then separated from her husband, arranged an introduction to Poe to offer her fealty and her friendship. But what eventually transpired between them was far more than two poets' mutual admiration. Over the course of their brief liaison, the two lovers wrote and published (under pseudonyms) many not-so-veiled love poems, and soon enough, New York's literati were abuzz with their affair. While Poe dallied, his dying wife, Sissy, and her mother were humiliated. And while he despaired, drinking himself into oblivion, Poe's dream of editing his own magazine in New York died on the vine. At the turn of the year, the Poes left New York in disgrace. Deeply in debt and spurned by former fawning admirers, including Horace Greeley, N.P. Willis, William Cullen Bryant, Richard Henry Dana, and Maria Child, American's most renowned writer was a broken man. He had wrecked two women's lives. Even so, both Fanny and Sissy loved him unremittingly to the bitter end. Poe died at the age of forty, alone and having never fathered a child. Or had he? Told with special empathy for Fanny's warm, impulsive generosity as it shimmered alongside Poe's dark genius, "Poe & Fanny" follows the lovers' story to its logical conclusion: Fanny Osgood's third child was Edgar Allan Poe's. John May brings to life the drama of these lives acted out against the backdrop of nineteenth century New York's vibrant literary world. "


Five bands of 15N14N18O nitrous oxide isotopologue were detected in the 4200–6500 cm−1 region with a Bruker IFS-125M Fourier transform spectrometer using a sample composed of NO (80% of 15N18O and 20% of 14N16O) and a trace amount of N2O isotopologues. The line positions of these bands were measured to the uncertainties of 0.001 cm−1. The spectroscopic constants were fitted using the measured line positions. The root mean squares of the residuals (RMS) of the fits (0.0005 cm−1 0.0027 cm−1) were close to the experimental uncertainties. Four bands, , and , were observed for the first time. The line positions of the 2 ν 3 band were determined with a smaller uncertainty than in (A. W. Mantz, K. Narahari Rao, L.H. Jones, R.M. Potter. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 30, 513 (1969)). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


This paper aims to offer readers ways of understanding and mitigating the risks posed by the current venture capital (VC) environment in Russia, whilst introducing readers to a historically lucrative asset class in a country renowned for its intellectual capital. Amidst often biased and disparate analysis within contemporary literature, we have examined the current research on Russian VC and conducted expert interviews to present a well-rounded, yet distinct perspective on operating in the industry today. We demonstrate that after weighing the primary Russia-specific risks (governmental, legal, operating) and unique selling propositions (technical talent, established scientific initiatives, a burgeoning adoptive middle class), there are two central operational strategies investors should deploy, particularly in the lower-risk technology sector: 1) concentrate on globally-oriented Russian companies utilizing local technical talent to deliver global products, or 2) concentrate on market-leading Russian companies focusing on a particular product or service for local consumption. Despite the added challenges, we believe that if approached properly, the Russian market has substantial opportunities in venture capital for the adaptive investor.


Private provision of NHS funded hip surgery in Scotland has been associated with a decline in procedures provided by the NHS, a study has found.

The use of private sector providers may also have contributed to a rise in age related and socioeconomic treatment inequalities for patients needing hip surgery in Scotland, the research found.1

The study, by Queen Mary University of London and published in the Journal of Public Health , examined the effects of the 2003 Scottish policy to allow patients to choose to have their NHS funded treatment from a private provider or an NHS provider, to increase capacity and reduce waiting times.2

It found that, between 2006-07 and 2008-09—when private sector NHS activity peaked in Scotland—a rise in the number of procedures commissioned …


This article investigates a comprehensive finite element analysis (FEA) of a bulk storage tank repair job during replacement of its entire bottom shell course. In the first part of the article, the condition of the tank is explained and geometry and boundary conditions are introduced. Since access to the tank for repair work was a substantial issue in this job, an innovative method for plate transportation and replacement was suggested, and its practicality was analysed by FEA. This novel procedure can be used as a guideline in similar repair works. In the next section, a study was done on deflection control of tank shell as well as stress and buckling analyse of designed supports. The accuracy of FEA results has been verified with a simplified manual structural calculation which showed that the analytical calculation and FEA results agreed with each other. Next, stress and deflection contours are presented based on boundary and loading conditions and compared with design criteria according to AS1170.0 and API650 standards. The results showed an acceptable shell deflection, as well as admissible stress in designed supports. Finally, the concrete foundation underneath the temporary supports were analysed for bearing capacity.


Stem cell tourism has become popular for the treatment of neurological disorders, but the safety of a wide variety of the associated stem cell therapies remains a concern. Few reports illustrate the potential complications of intrathecal a neural stem cell injection, including cauda equina syndrome due to glioproliferative lesions of the spinal cord. In the current paper, we report a case of growth of glioneuronal tissue on lumbosacral nerve roots causing polyradiculopathies following serial intrathecal stem cell injections from an international stem cell clinic with the intention to "cure" Parkinson's disease. This case underscores the serious concern regarding potential complications of stem cell transplantation at these unregulated international stem cell clinics.


Let $G$ be a compact, connected simple Lie group and $\mathfrak{g}$ its Lie algebra. It is known that if $\mu $ is any $G$-invariant measure supported on an adjoint orbit in $\mathfrak{g}$, then for each integer $k$, the $k$% -fold convolution product of $\mu $ with itself is either singular or in $% L^{2}$. This was originally proven by computations that depended on the Lie type of $\mathfrak{g}$, as well as properties of the measure. In this note, we observe that the validity of this dichotomy is a direct consequence of the Duistermaat-Heckman theorem from symplectic geometry and that, in fact, any convolution product of (even distinct) orbital measures is either singular or in $L^{2+\varepsilon }$ for some $\varepsilon >0$. An abstract transference result is given to show that the $L^{2}$-singular dichotomy holds for certain of the $G$-invariant measures supported on conjugacy classes in $G.$


The tremendous increase in outsourcing of business globally has subsequently sharpened the thrust on knowledge sharing within and between organisations. Organisations are continually devising strategies in order to effectively share knowledge among relevant stakeholders and networks. One such strategy is the use of multicultural teams (MCTs). But establishing an efficient process of knowledge sharing in these teams is often difficult given the cultural diversity they experience. This article studies the impact of national cultural diversity among team members specifically on the process of knowledge sharing in MCTs from the experiences of Indian professionals who have worked in such teams. Empirical data was collected from 59 Indian team members of an Indian product software company that operated globally and semiotics was utilised as an interpretive tool to gain an emic perspective on this data. The results of this semiotic analysis bear implications for literature describing the impact of national cultural diversity on team performance in MCTs with specific reference to India. In addition, it provides practical insights in one of the most attractive global business contexts-India, about pertinent national cultural issues in teams about team-client relations.


The background of this research is the fluctuation of total selling Motor
Honda Supra X 125 in Semarang City. That condition causing research question
"Is there any effect of product and price on decision of buying Motor Honda
Supra X 125 ".
The purpose of this research is to know how large the effect of product and
price on decision of buying is. The type of this research is explanatory research.
The population of this research are the owners of Motor Honda Supra X 125 in
Semarang City area, with 100 respondents. Sampling technique used in this
research is Area Sampling.
Data used in this research are answers from all respondents in processed
questioners. The data analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using simple and
double regression analysis.
The result of this study with 5 % significant shows that there are effects of
product on decision of buying. This result based on regression analysis,
determination coefficient obtained is 15,21 % which means that the product level
contribution on decision of buying variable is 15,21 % and the rest influenced by
other variable outside of product variable or the value of taccount is 4,193. The
variable of price independently has an effect on decision of buying with
determination coefficient 21,71 % which means that the contribution of price
variable on decision of buying variable is 21,71% and the rest influenced by other
variable outside of price variable. Then the value of taccount is 5,212. Whereas
product and price have effects on decision of buying with determination
coefficient 27,66% and the rest influenced by other variable outside of product
and price. Then the value of Faccount is 18,583. The suggestion on this research is
the company to focuses determining price and gives attention on creating product
with high quality. Key words : Product, Price, Decision of Buying.


Introduction The partnership between practitioners and parents/carers in the early years has a significant impact on children's development, both during (Desforges & Abouchaar, 2003) and before school age (Melhuish et al., 2008; Evangelou, Brooks & Smith, 2007). Parents are the most important part of children's early lives, as they are the first point of reference when it comes to children's interactions with the world and they also communicate meaning and knowledge with children before and after they enter into institutional settings (e.g. nurseries or child care). In effect, collaboration between practitioners and parents is important, and when it is e ffective and meaningful this means that both parties are working together to achieve common goals; through mutual respect and recognition of the contribution each key agent makes towards children's development (Baum & McMurray-Schwarz, 2004). The study 2 presented here is underpinned by Froebel's pedagogy and principles; acknowledging the importance and value of the relationship between children, family members and practitioners, and the role of play as a central, integrating element in children's development and learning (Froebel, c1826, trans 1912). For Froebel, parents and family members form the basis for a child's understandings and interactions, which reiterates that an effective partnership essentially involves the engagement of parents and practitioners in order to support all children educationally, socially and emotionally.


A quantification technique useful in analysis of clay-rich deposits containing sepiolite and/or palygorskite has been developed by combining diffractometric and chemical data and represents a considerable improvement on classic quantification based on X-ray diffraction. The required data are: intensity ratios between certain diffraction peaks of calcite-dolomite and sepiolite- palygorskite-smectites, and also the Cat, MgO, K20, A1203 and Sit2 contents. The validity of this method was tested by analysis of artificial mixtures of pure phases of the minerals found in such deposits. The quantitative analysis of mineral phases in clay- rich samples has always been subject to discussion. The classic techniques based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) have proved useful as a semi-quantitative


Through the annual ABET assessment process, Computer Information Systems faculty in the College of Business at a regional institution were able to diagnose problems regarding students not satisfying our program's Student Outcomes. Often, the impediments to student success were not technical in nature and prompted faculty to consider non-technical solutions. A framework for the interaction and interdependency of the technical and non-technical skills, termed the "Blue and Green Curve" is presented that describes balancing emphasis on the technical curriculum (Blue Curve) and professional/life skills (Green Curve) that have the potential to accelerate students' acquisition of technical skills. The framework prescribes a foundation of effective habits to establish early in a student's academic career. Guided by this framework, changes to a freshman-level programming fundamentals course in the CIS program are described. Pedagogical tools with assignments and rubrics that support the curriculum changes are shared. These changes, among others factors, may have contributed to a 10% increase in the freshman persistence rate over a two semester period.


Objective: To analyze and evaluate the correlation among the common clinico-pathologic characteristics such as age, clinical staging, pathological type, histological grading, tumor size, nodal metastasis; the biological factors such as HuR, VEGF and COX-2; and the prognosis of early (Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ) cervical carcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of HuR protein, VEGF protein and COX-2 protein in early (Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ) cervical carcinoma. Univariate analysis of the factors that might be in relation to the prognosis of the early cancer patients was conducted. Based on these results, multi-variate analysis was then conducted using the COX proportional hazards regression model. Results: We found that tumor size and the expression of HuR and COX-2 proteins are all in relation to the prognosis of early (Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ) cervical cancer (all P0.05), and all clinical characteristics such as staging, histological grading, lymph node transmission and VEGF protein expression are significantly correlated with the prognosis of early (Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ) cervical cancer (all P≤0.01). Contrarily, age and pathological type are not in relation to the prognosis of early (Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ) cervical cancer (P0.05). The cumulative five-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with low histological grades than in those with high histological grades. The risk of death of the former was 2.948 times higher compared to the latter. So, histological grading is the first independent factor that affects the prognosis of early cervical cancer. VEGF expression is the next independent factor, and the relative risk is 2.801. Conclusion: The prognosis of early (Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ) cervical cancer is correlated with clinical staging, histological grading, tumor size, nodal metastasis, the HuR protein expression, and the VEGF and COX-2 protein expressions, but not correlated with age or pathological types. Histological grade and VEGF protein expression are the two most significant independent factors for prognosis of early (Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ) cervical cancer.


Cannabis sativa contains active constituents called phytocannabinoids. Some phytocannabinoids are psychotropic and others are not. The primary non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD), which is proposed to be therapeutic against many conditions, including muscle spasms. Mechanisms have been proposed for the action of CBD on different systems, involving multiple targets, including the voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) family, which are heavily implicated in many of the conditions CBD has been reported to relieve. In this study, we investigated the modulatory mechanism of CBD on Nav1.4. Based on previous results, we tested the hypothesis that CBD mechanism of action involves: 1) modulation of membrane elasticity, which indirectly contributes to Nav inhibition; and 2) physical block of the Nav pore. We first performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to visualize CBD effects and localization inside the membrane, and then performed NMR to verify the MD results, showing CBD localizes below membrane headgroups. Then, we performed a gramicidin-based fluorescence (GFA) assay that showed CBD alters membrane elasticity. Next, we used site-directed mutagenesis in (F1586A) and around (WWWW) the Nav1.4 pore. Removing the local anesthetic binding site with F1586A reduced CBD block of INa. Occluding the fenestrations with WWWW blocked CBD access from the membrane into the Nav1.4 pore. However, stabilization of inactivation, via CBD-induced changes in membrane elasticity persisted, in WWWW. To investigate the potential therapeutic value of CBD against some Nav1.4 channelopathies, we used a pathogenic variant of Nav1.4, P1158S, known to cause myotonia and periodic paralysis. We found CBD reduces excitability in both wild-type and the mixed myotonia/periodic paralysis variant. Our in-vitro/in-silico results suggest that CBD may have therapeutic value against myotonia. Because Nav1.4 is crucial to skeletal muscle contraction, we used rat diaphragm myography and found the presence of saturating levels of CBD reduces skeletal muscle contraction. SUMMARY We used multidisciplinary approaches to show the mechanism and pathway by which CBD inhibits the skeletal muscle, Nav1.4. Our results suggest CBD modulates membrane elasticity and directly interacts with Nav1.4 within its pore.


The paper describes the experimental system and results of the experimental studies of unfrozen water content in the soil at equilibrium and disequilibrium states in the system soil-water-ice. The approximation of the results is shown.


Proteinase K‐resistant prion protein (PrPRes) nuclear and perinuclear immunoreactivity in oligodendrocytes of the frontal cortex is found in one case of otherwise typical sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD) type VV2a. The PrP nature of the inclusions is validated with several anti‐PrP antibodies directed to amino acids 130–160 (12F10), 109–112 (3F4), 97–102 (8G8) and the octarepeat region (amino acids 59–89: SAF32). Cellular identification and subcellular localization were evaluated with double‐ and triple‐labeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy using antibodies against PrP, glial markers, and histone H3. Based on review of the literature and our own experience, this is a very odd situation that deserves further validation in other cases.


New rural prose was created by the writers who were born in the countryside and lived in the cities,who wrote remote and heavy rural stories with sad words.It is considered as a rebellious way of writing compared with the traditional rural prose writing.New rural prose shows the pictures of withering of old agricultural civilization,destruction and pollution of remote and natural environment,distorting of humble people' nature,and shocking rural transformation,so it breaks the pastoral myth of traditional rural prose and makes the reader worry and think about the future of the countryside instead of artistic appreciation of beautiful articles.


A model of mineland restoration is presented to show the wedge between mine operator and social planner decisions and social costs of current instruments. We find, first, mine operator efforts may not match socially optimal levels and consequently generate relatively high social costs, second, social costs can be reduced using a bond that targets eventual site factors and land rent generation, and, third, in general, social costs may not be eliminated fully at bond levels that still encourage the mine operator to choose forest over grassland as a postmining use. This suggests greater scope for command- and control-based regulation. (JEL Q23, Q28)


The purpose of this research is to find out whether the use of village funds reduces village poverty rates, encourages village economic growth, reduces village unemployment rates, reduces village school dropout rates, and whether village fund management is guided by the principles of transparency, accountability, and participation. This research was conducted using a survey-based quantitative approach. measurement using a Likert scale. The population of this study came from 27 villages located in Babussalam District, Southeast Aceh, and Aceh. Using SPSS software, validity tests, reliability tests, multiple linear regression tests, coefficient of determination tests, t tests, and F-tests were carried out in analyzing the data. The study's findings are as follows: transparency, accountability, and participatory simultaneous and partial effects on the management of village funds, as well as the use of village funds for the poor, which are always budgeted for in 2019-2021; economic growth is evenly distributed; village unemployment can be handled by each village's efforts to provide assistance for the development and development of productive economic enterprises; and to reduce the dropout rate in villages by sending village children to continue their education at Gunung Leuser University from 2018-2021 in each village.


Resource allocation mechanisms are considered as one of the most important economic policy tools on the use of which economic systems differ cons iderably according to ideo logical, political or even social considerations at times.  However, market pr ice is considered to be one of the most important resource allocation mechanisms where the forces of supply and demand determine equilibrium price and quantity. But it has become increasingly customary for economic authorities to restrict prices for political or social reasons by imposing  a price which is higher or lower than the market price. Since this may affect the supply and demand sides of the exchange process , the study atte mpted to trace the effect of this on the optimum allocation of economic resources. The st udy concludes that restri cting prices by imposing price ceilings has the effect of reducing consumer  surplus both in the short and long runs  depending on the elasticity of supply. An example is the price restriction of gasoline, wheat, and animals feed. Since Pareto optimality postulates a situation that cannot be improved upon , it follows that  the maximum consumer surplus cannot be attained with  a price restriction but rather without it.  Keywords:  Pricing, Economic Goods,  Resource Allocation, Market Price,  Consumer Surplus, Pareto Optimality.


In order to meet the need of semantics recommendation to personalized commodity in e-commerce, the model based on fuzzy semantics personalized recommendation system is built to describe the integrated user's interest feature and commodity information. The user's interest degree of commodity and the correlation degree of commodity and interest are described using FALC syntax, and the related algorithm is used to complete user's interest data-mining. The experiment shows that the personalized recommendation method and model based on fuzzy semantics can make the e-commerce system to describe fuzzy commodity concept and recommend more appropriate goods to users.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) massive MIMO has been considered an important technology in 6G communications. In this paper, we propose an efficient transmission scheme based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for the UAV massive MIMO. Specifically, the UAV 3D trajectory design, analog beam-forming and power allocation is designed to obtain a high spectral efficiency. We formulate the transmission design by a Markov decision process (MDP) framework, which is solved by the DRL based algrotihm. Considering that the action space is continuous, we use the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) method to obtain the transmission scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a higher spectral efficiency than the previous algorithms.


The disease model was infected in 180 chickens by inoculating mycoplasma gallisepticam into the trachea and E.coli into the breast .All the therapeutic groups of chicken were medicated for 5 successive days via drinking water with "Hou Zhi Kang"(20,40,80 mg/L ) and ciprofloxacin (40 mg/L),respectively,the other group was unmedicated as infected control.The curative rates of the therapeutic groups with 20,40,80 mg/L of "Hou Zhi Kang"and 40 ml/L of ciprofloxacin for the infected chickens were 70.0%,93%,96.7% and 76.7% ,respectively.The mortality of infected control group was 63.3%."Hou Zhi Kang" exhibited high efficacy in controlling the infection of mycoplasma gallisepticam and E.Coli ,reducing mortality and weight gain.


Community nurses are wasting their time recording useless statistics when their time would be better spent seeing clients, the Health Visitors' Association claimed last week.


Background: Cervical cancer ranks fourth among all malignancies and it is the most common gynecological cancer in women worldwide. In India, cancer cervix is the most common gynecological cancer and accounts for about 1.8 per 100000 populations. Precancerous lesion of cervix precedes carcinoma cervix and can be picked up on cytology. Cervical cytology has proven itself to be the main weapon of defense against this disease and is been in use since 50 years. Objectives of this study are to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the women who had cervical cytology and to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical smears on liquid-based cytology among women attending gynecology OPD at KIMS hospital and Research Centre.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KIMS Hospital and Research Centre. All data about the patient were recorded in a predetermined proforma. The cervical smear sample was collected using an endocervical brush and then immersed in a thin prep solution and was sent to cytopathology lab, Department of Pathology, KIMS Hospital and Research Centre for further processing using the EZIPREP technique.Results: The study included 100 cervical smears in total. Females ranged in age from 21 to 65 years. All cervical smears were evaluated. The current study found inflammatory smears, infectious and smears with epithelial cell abnormalities. The most common organism noted was Candida albicans. The age group with the highest prevalence of epithelial cell abnormality was 41-50years. The most common epithelial cell abnormality in the present study is Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.Conclusions: Out of the 100 LBC smears studied, the majority (67) of the smears studied were inflammatory. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found in 4 cases and the most common age group of epithelial abnormalities was the fifth decade.


To highlight this year"s nurse and hospital week theme, ''The Healing Heart of Health Care,'' employees were asked to share, in 1 word, how we strive to be Simply Better. Based on social media responses, employees not only impacted the lives of our patients, families, and community but also played an important role in the lives of our fellow colleagues. This was the message from our hospital chief executive officer, John Bishop, after a successful employer appeal for this yearly celebration. I submitted my thoughts and was delighted to find I would be highlighted for this campaign. It was the experience of losing 5 family members in 3 years that brought me to be grateful for every smile, commentary, and visceral reaction to the keepsake named the ECG Memento. Death, like life, is a universal human experience. We always have a need to feel attached and connected to our loved ones. Bowlby"s definition of attachment is defined as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings. It was the theoretical framework for the creation of the ECG Memento. I would like to share my story. While Iwas sitting atmydyingmothers" bedside, I asked the critical care nurse for an ECG (electrocardiogram) strip, just to have something tangible of her. As critical care nurses, we see the ECG as ''proof of life.'' Two years later, I asked for and received my father"s heartbeat tracing. I kept these two rhythm strips protected in aZiplocA bag formany years, as a treasuredmemento of their last days of a lived life. In 2012, my Aunt Rosemary died and I had been named successor trustee of her estate. While my husband and I were flying up the California coast to Mount Angel, Oregon, to begin the settlement process, I was reading a continuing education unit course on death, dying, and bereavement. I came across some key words I had not heard before, ''object linking,'' ''continuing bonds,'' and ''attachment theory.'' These concepts started to make sense. It was a scientific theory that supported why I filed the strips away. I knew that, if having the treasured heartbeat tracing of my parents brought me comfort, maybe it could help other families going through the transition of losing a loved one. Traditionally, the intensive care unit nurses give family members a bereavement folder when their loved one dies. I felt that there was more we could offer, at this time of life change. There was a gap in our end-of-life care. I felt that it was my ''professional obligation'' as a nurse to initiate a change in that care, to close that gap. When Aunt Rosemary died, she was very religious and had many prayer cards that were laminated. Seeing these gave me the idea to look into using laminating products to create a laminated card with an ECG strip memorializing the image of the patient"s ''life-force.'' I found self-sealing wallet size laminates. Thus, the ECG Memento was born. This new idea created a warm and exciting feeling! I discussed my idea with Dr Peggy Kalowes, our hospital"s director of nursing research and innovation at our Annual Skills Fair, and she said, ''This is novel. I think we need to test this among our dying patients.'' In November of 2013, I began the Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice program. During the 15-month program, we developed the research proposal and carried out a trial to examine the impact of this novel intervention offered to families during the bereavement period. The opportunity of making a difference gives meaning and purpose to our lives. Moreover, finding people who are hurting and helping them through their troubled times adds value to the institutional organization. When I showed a sample of the card, I received positive staff feedback. Comments included ''groundbreaking'' and ''I wish Iwould have had onewhen my parent died'' to ''Everyone gets happy.'' It was the feeling that someone ''cared'' for the grieving families and that their deceased loved one was important and had mattered. There was also a change of heart from my assistant unit manager, Carolyn Freitas, BSN, RN. When I showed it to her, she said, ''Oh, I don"t know if I"d want this,'' meaning ''if'' her husband had died. A week or so later, her husband had to euthanize their beloved boxer dog. She was unable to be there with her husband because of work scheduling. Two weeks after her dog"s death, she showed me a card with ''Maya's paw print,'' which the veterinarian personnel had individually signed it. She looked at me and said, ''Now, I understand.''


When the United Nations General Assembly adopted a 1978 resolution calling for the establishment of a New World Information and Communications Order (NWICO), the major objectives/considerations enshrined in the NWICO, inter alia, were to eliminate the imbalances and inequalities existing in the gathering and dissemination of information about the "Third World," to eliminate the negative effects of certain private monopolies and their excessive control of the news media, to impose international codes of journalistic ethics, to curb the power of the transnational news agencies and to extend government control over the press. "Third World" countries were, therefore, not only demanding better and fuller coverage of their affairs in the international press, but were also demanding


An explosive detection experiment system based on the pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis is developed.14 MeV pulsed neutron generator and BGO detector and 4 096 MCA are adopted in this system.The device of neutron collimation is introduced,including its select material,size and structure.Using the neutron collimation device,the samples' diagram of spectra from different positions is obtained,the simulacrums(urea and nitrate) near the collimation hole can be detected well by the detecting explosive,and the desired result is obtained.It is confirmed that the experiment device is feasible in application.


Dynamics of small free swings of a pendulum supported by two spherical balls pre-rolling on a flat basis are considered to investigate the occurrence of micro-slippage at the contact interface between the balls and the flat surface. The basic mechanisms of this micro-slippage are investigated, showing how geometric conditions could initiate and magnify micro-slippage rather than assuming that these effects are core characteristics in any rolling system. This article also discusses the energy dissipation of a ball slipping on a flat surface at pre-rolling caused by three mechanisms and the conditions enabling the decrease of energy dissipation of the pendulum and the influence of the basis vibrations.


This study is conducted for predicting, the role of optimism & sense of humor towards subjective wellbeing among college students. The main obj ectives of this study are to identify the role of humor towards subjective well-being, to understand the role of optimism towards subjective well-being and to examine the gender difference in level of subjective well-being, humor and optimism.The last two decades show an increasing interest of scientists to subjective wellbeing (SWB) studies. Subjective well-being (SWB) refers to one's perception of quality of life (McNeil, Stones, & Kozma, 1986). It is a measure of how someone feels about his life at a given moment (Ehrlich & Isaacowitz, 2002). It includes emotional reactions to events, feelings, pleasures, satisfaction with life and satisfaction with specific areas such as marriage and work (Diener, Oishi, & Lucas, 2003). A little humor can brighten one's outlook, and optimism can fuel humor. In similar vein, Fry (1995) also found that humor and optimism moderate the effects of daily hassles on self-esteem and physical health. Britt (2005) found that perfectionism, humor, and optimism moderate the deleterious effects of daily hassles on self-esteem, burnout and physical health. He further found that humor is directly linked to optimism. Humor and optimism play a beneficial role in relieving stress in students and maintaining one's life satisfaction.Most studies on subjective well-being are conducted among college students (Emmons & Diener, 1986 Steger & Kashan, 2007 cited in Galang, Magno, Paterno, & Roldan, 2011) because of age-related changes and high activation of emotions as individuals develop in this age period. College students (graduate students) face a barrage of challenges in their daily life. Aside from doing their home works, projects and extra-curricular activities, they also have responsibilities at home as a son or daughter, brother or sister and as a friend. Thus, it is vital to understand the importance of their life purpose and their well-being. Emmons and Diener (1986) worked on the assumption that the successful pursuit of meaning in life plays an important role in the development of individuals' psychological well-being. That is why there is an increasing attention to subjective well-being (Inglehart, 1993).Current study also assessed, if there is any gender difference between SWB, humor & optimism.Subjective well-beingSubjective well-being (SWB) is defined as 'a person's cognitive and affective evaluations of his or her life (Diener, Lucas, & Oshi, 2002, p. 63). Robbins and Kliewer (2000) refers to subjective well-being to the self-evaluation of life satisfaction. In line with this, life satisfaction refers to the satisfaction experienced by an individual in his or her life as a whole; it is the cognitive element referred to what one thinks about his or her life satisfaction in global terms (life as a whole) and in domain terms (in specific areas of life such as work, relationships, etc.) On the other hand, subjective happiness is inherently defined from the perspective of a person (Emmons & Diener, 1986; Omodci & Wearing, 1990; Plays & Little, 1983; Ruehlman & Wolchik, 1988). The affective element refers to emotions, moods and feelings. Subjective well-being can be expressed in simple terms like saying oftently, "I feel good" and "I feel happy" (Schwartz & Strack, 1999).The study of subjective well-being is a central concern of positive psychology. Researchers in positive psychology have pointed out that in almost every culture studied the pursuit of happiness is regarded as one of the most valued goals in life. Understanding individual differences in subjective well-being is of key interest in positive psychology, particularly the issue of why some people are happier than others. Some people continue to be happy in the face of adversity whereas others are chronically unhappy at the best of times. …


The present invention relates to a clipboard security system and method with improved security of data transmission that leads the clipboard frequently used when the computer use. According to one example of the clipboard security system includes a clipboard manager for extracting data to save the data to the clipboard in response, or from the clipboard to the request of one object, the clipboard manager, the the data encryption unit for encrypting the data stored is requested, and trust object to be extracted encrypted data stored in the clipboard by a trusted relationship object to try to save the data to the clipboard characterized in that it comprises a data decryption unit for decrypting the encrypted data by.


We demonstrate a simple, one-step synthesis of hybrid gold nanoparticle–graphene oxide nanosheets (Au–GO) through electrostatic self-assembly. This method affords a facile means of controlling the effective concentration of the active Au nanoparticles on the graphene sheets, but also offers the necessary stability of the resulting Au–GO nanostructure for catalytic transformation. Furthermore, this hybrid Au–GO is successfully employed in the catalytic reduction of a series of nitroarenes with high catalytic activity. Through careful investigation of the catalyst, we find the synergistic catalytic effect of Au nanoparticles and GO, further highlighting the significance of hybrid Au–GO nanostructure. Considering the wide potential applications of a two-dimensional graphene sheet as a host material for a variety of nanoparticles, the approach developed here may lead to new possibilities for the fabrication of hybrid nanoparticle–graphene nanosheet structures endowed with multiple functionalities.


nSTRACT Diverse issues in the spelling curriculum must be resolved. One issue in spelling involves whether students learn to spell words better from a list or within the framework of a practical learning activity. Linguists advocate that words fnllow a pattern in spelling, yet research studies have been used to select lists of spelling words that may have no patterns in terms of linguistic elements. The selection of spelling words from word lists versus pupil-teacher planning in spelling word selection is a related issue in spelling instruction. Other issues include: (1) use of the sight word method as compared to an emphasis on phonics; (2) intrinsic versus extrinsic means of stimulating student learning; and (3) correlation between subject areas as compared to emphasizing words from separate subjects. A variety of approaches should be utilized in providing for individual differences in spelling. (MM)


The present invention has two opposed surfaces, an optical substrate and one spaced from the other, at least in contact with at least two electrodes and at least two electrodes and the surface of the substrate disposed on the surface of the substrate One of and an electroactive material layer, providing an electroactive optical device. Electroactive optical device in response to the magnitude of the applied voltage, with variable light transmission. Said at least two electrodes may include a transparent conductive material, said electroactive material layer, the electrochromic material and / or electrochromic - may comprise a dichroic material.


The aimed to formulate and evaluate herbal shampoo because synthetic may causes the adverse effect on hair and scalp. The herbal shampoo was formulated by extracting murraya koenigi, sapindusmukorossias foaming agent, also addition of preservative agent. Citric acid used as viscosity modifier and pH adjusting agent and glycerin used as conditioning agent. HPMC(hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose) used as thickening agent. The formulation at laboratory scale was done and evaluated for number of parameters such as pH, foam formation, viscosity, conditioning and wet ability were evaluated, and also to ensure its safety and efficacy


A new iterative algorithm for approximating a solution of a split feasibility problem and the fixed point problem of a quasi-φ -nonexpansive mapping is proposed and studied. It is proved that the sequence generated by the new algorithm converges strongly to a common solution of the split feasibility problem and the fixed point problem in real Banach spaces, which are more general than Hilbert spaces.


This paper studies the fracture mechanics of a thermoelastic medium with an internal circular crack subjecting to a prescribed thermal flux. The time varying crack tip thermal stress intensity factor is solved. Solution for the infinite medium under steady heat conduction is given in closed form. Comparisons between the non-Fourier results and the classical Fourier results are made. Numerical results show that the non-Fourier heat model predicts considerable high transient thermal stress intensity factor than the Fourier model. This paper, together with our previous paper entitled fracture of a finite medium with a circular internal crack under hyperbolic heat conduction-prescribed crack face temperature, completes the analysis of a finite medium with a circular internal crack under hyperbolic heat conduction.


Abstract : While many of the diplomats, politicians, and common people of the world are applauding Mikhail Gorbachev and his revolutionary programs of 'restructuring' and 'new thinking', one can only wonder about Gorbachev's true intentions. While contemplating these initiatives, one must also consider their implications for future U.S. policy and ultimately true peace. Mr. Gorbachev has questioned some of the very principles of Marxism-Leninism, which may ultimately lead to the disintegration of the Soviet Union itself. Are these intentions sincere or are they a disguise to buy him time while he revives communism and enhances Soviet power? This essay will examine this 'new Soviet thinking' and the impact it may have on U.S. National security. The first two chapters of the paper trace the history of perestroika from the Revolution of 1917 through Gorbachev. Chapters three and four will address Soviet and U.S. military implications while Chapter five summarizes and provides recommendations as to a U.S. response. Radical changes have been made by the Soviets over the last two years which is cause for cautious optimism. However, actions of late may indicate that the Soviet power structure may be wearing thin, potentially jeopardizing perestroika as we know it. We must continue to monitor these events carefully, remain flexible, and make national security decisions that will respond according to whatever the Soviet threat may be.


C. MALE ,* P . MONAGLE ,†‡ A. K . C . CHAN§ and G. YOUNG, ¶ FOR THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON PED IATR IC/NEONATAL HEMOSTAS I S AND THROMBOS IS *Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; †Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne; ‡Department of Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; §Division of Haematology/ Oncology, McMaster University, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and ¶Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA


The present invention relates to a device of a first minimally invasive laparoscopic forceps which comprises pawl means (70) in the rotating body (60) is mounted on, respectively, means for transmitting pawl (70) and the rotary body (60) movement and second means (100, 200), said first and second means includes at least one tendon (300,350,400), at least one for each tendon (500) is formed by a plurality of cables said plurality of cables are arranged such that geometric shapes (a, B, C) with the first device (100) for transmitting the movement of at least one tendon (300, 350) associated with a variable cross section, the said variable geometry (a), a second arrangement (B) and a third arrangement (C) is formed by a first arrangement, the radiation is in cross-section in the cable (500) in said first longitudinal axis arrangement shaped arrangement disposed at (a) in the case of the cable, the axis of the second arrangement are arranged along a first orientation, said third axis in said first vertical arrangement along a first orientation second alignment arrangement.


Within the framework of "Schedule of health care, economic and social policy pursuing to reduction of tobacco consumption" involving numerous institutions including universities, educated persons will be responsible for the treatment and prophylaxis of tobacco smoking-evoked diseases. The aim of this study was assessment of the tobacco smoking prevalence among undergraduates of last-year course of Medical Faculty and Nursing Faculty of Medical University of Bialystok and evaluation of theirs attitude in the face of the nicotinism question after 5 years of occupation. The percentage of tobacco smokers on Medical Faculty average out 27.7% and 17.8% on Nursing Faculty. Students of both faculties opined that nicotinism in Poland was a heavyweight issue (8 points in decagrade scale). Our data shown that about one third of assessed students have not to do with a nicotinism theme and were not acquired sufficient knowledge to help tobacco smoking patients. Thus, continuation of nictonism issue education within the framework of seminaries and classes of family medicine course in both faculties will be purposeful action.


Food keeps the most basic means of production and subsistence for human beings. When facing global security issues such as severe global epidemics and African locust plague, human is supposed to put a top priority on ensuring food security. Although the grain production capacity in China has been increased and grain-related laws and regulations have been continuously improved in recent years, a food security legal guarantee system that can coordinate the seed industry, crop breeding, and grain reserves hasn't yet been established. Imperfect legal system reduces risk resistance of China. Therefore it is the key strategies to speed up legislation progress, optimize the subsidy system, strengthen emergency reserves, and form a more comprehensive legal system.


The people oriented, comprehensive, harmonious scientific development view is a strategic idea developed from the overall situation of our country in the new century. "People oriented" thought is the core of scientific developmentview, we should have a good grip of it so as to grasp the spirit and use the scientific development view to guide the overall situation of our society.


In this article, we deal with the inventory control of one single product in a distribution network consisting of one warehouse and n retailers where the retailers face continuous demands with constant rates. We study two policies for this problem that are derived from the application of the classical economical ordering quantity formula at each location: the first policy is purely single‐echelon, whereas the second synchronizes the reorder intervals between the different installations and thus constitutes a first step toward a multiechelon perspective. We show that those policies are, respectively, \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\sqrt{2}\end{align*} \end{document} ‐ and 1.275‐optimal. We then conduct computational experiments and demonstrate that our second policy exhibits excellent average performance and improves substantially over the pure single‐echelon policy: in particular it deviates from Roundy's celebrated algorithm by less than 5%. This result indicates that in this simple setting, a great part of the benefit of shifting to a multiechelon perspective can be obtained by the most natural synchronization scheme between the different installations, and adapting single‐echelon policies can be efficient at managing the inventory in simple distribution networks, confirming observations of practitioners. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012


Objective To study the expression level of Stathmin mRNA in dendritic cells( DCs) and its significance. Methods DCs were generated from bone marrow cells of mice,the cells were harvested after incubating with or without LPS. The total RNA was extracted from DCs and then transcribed reversely to cDNA. The expression levels of Stathmin mRNA in DC were examined by real-time PCR. Results The results showed that the correlation coeffecient of the standard curve was-0. 99,and the melting curve showed a single peak,proving that an accurate real-time PCR methed was successful established. Realtime PCR showed that the mRNA levels of Stathmin in DC was downregulated after LPS stimulation( P 0. 01) . Conclusion TLR4 pathway is involved in the Stathmin expression in dendritic cells.


In self-organized sliding processes, the surfaces align to each other during sliding. This alignment leads to a more ordered contact state and significantly influences the frictional behavior. To understand the self-organization sliding processes, experiments were conducted on a pin-on-plate reciprocating sliding tester for various numbers of cycles. In the experiments, soft magnesium pins were slid against hard steel plates of various surface textures (undirectional, 8-ground, and random). Experimental results showed that the transfer layer formation on the steel plates increased with increasing number of cycles for all surfaces textures under both dry and lubricated conditions. The friction also increased with the number of cycles under dry conditions for all of the textures studied. During lubricated conditions, the friction decreased for unidirectional and 8-ground surfaces and increased for random surfaces with the number of cycles. Furthermore, the friction and transfer layer formation depend on the surface textures under both dry and lubricated conditions during the first few sliding cycles. Later on, it is less dependent of surface textures. The variation in the coefficient of friction under both dry and lubrication conditions were attributed to the self-organization process that occurred during repeated sliding.


A state-wide substance abuse prevention programme, entitled KidsInTouch, incorporated a multifaceted approach involving: (a) media-based interventions; and (b) parent training workshops. KidsInTouch was targeted at parents and their children, ages five to 12 years. The media-based interventions attempted to increase children's and parents' awareness and knowledge about substance abuse and prevention. In addition, the intervention advertised and solicited audience participation in parent training workshops. Parents participating in the parent training workshops, in comparison to the control parents, evidenced significant improvement in both alcohol and other drug knowledge and parenting skills. The implications of using the media and involving children and their parents in substance abuse prevention programmes are discussed.


Black & white photographs superimposed on a U.S. flag design. In the blue area of the flag is a photograph of a group of men wearing welding helmets and carrying lanterns on long cords over their shoulders. In the striped area of the flag are photographs of PT boats.


A three-dimensional hydrodynamic computer program has been used to study the growth of nonaxisymmetric structure in rapidly rotating, n = 3/2 polytropes whose initial axisymmetric equilibria were constructed with the Ostriker-Mark, self-consistent field method. Differentially rotating models were studied, whose initial ratios t of rotational to gravitational potential energy were t = 0.28, 0.30, 0.33, and 0.35. An open, two-armed, trailing spiral pattern, rather than a coherent bar mode, has been found to grow dynamically in all models with t at least 0.30. The results of the investigation support the reliability of both the tensor virial equation (TVE) analysis of such systems and the computer simulation itself. The 3D code can be used with confidence to study the dynamical growth of nonaxisymmetric structure into the nonlinear amplitude regime. 25 references.


(Al Inba'a) Book in Holy Qura'an Intonation, for Ibn Al-Tahan Al-Andalusi, is considered to be one of the major books that studied Qura'anic intonation, readings and phonics. The author is considered to be a vital figure especially in the field of Qura'anic intonation.
The book also contains a variety of very important classifications and details about some Qura'anic intonation rules: case marker classification, (Tahreer al Sokoon), (Tahreer Maqaderha), sound extending and its divisions, the rules of /N/ Al-noon and nonation, light and dark letters, (Al Fatah, Al Imalah, Al Taqleel), and stopping at the end of words. The author has served the book by:
First, Making two hand copies, and these are the only copies of the book.
Second, Adding a biography for the book's author, book over view, a description for two copies, and the method that was used for investigating, and Finally, commenting on the next to clarify unclear things. By doing this, the researcher has made sure that he has prepared a book which will have great importance for readers and researchers. Also, the researcher has developed a book very similar to the original one.


A model for predicting head losses for coarse-particle or settling slurries has been obtained. Experimental data for isothermal flows of sand, gravel and coarse coal slurries in pipes of industrial scale have been used to obtain the correlations in the model.

The model differs from previous versions in the way it deals with the concentration of the lower layer and in the role ascribed to the finest (–74 μm) particles. The fraction of contact load, which contributes sliding friction at the pipe wall, is found to be primarily a function of the ratio of the mean flow velocity to the settling velocity of the mass median particle size in the (+74 μm) fraction. The correlations are restricted to mixtures containing less than 35% (+ 74 μm) particles by volume.


This paper describes a reliable fabrication method of micro-heaters embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Gold patterns are transferred and embedded to the PDMS from a silicon substrate, by peeling off. The surface adhesion among silicon substrate, Au patterns, and PDMS is modified with self-assembled monolayers. Therefore, micro-heaters embedded in PDMS can be fabricated by a simpler and easier way compared to conventional methods. The thermal characterization of micro-heaters and PDMS device is carried out by electrical and infrared thermo-microscopic measurements. The experimental results well agree with the numerical analysis performed by finite element method.


In addition to the phonon variable there is the phason variable in hydrodynamics for quasicrystals. These two kinds of hydrodynamic variables have different transformation properties. The phonon variable transforms under the vector representation, whereas the phason variable transforms under another related representation. Thus, a basis (or a set of basis functions) in the representation space should include such two kinds of variables. This makes it more difficult to determine the physical property tensors of quasicrystals. In this paper the group-theoretical method is given to determine the physical property tensors of quasicrystals. As an illustration of this method we calculate the third-order elasticity tensors of quasicrystals with five-fold symmetry by means of basis functions. It follows that the linear phonon elasticity is isotropic, but the nonlinear phonon elasticity is anisotropic for pentagonal quasicrystals. Meanwhile, the basis functions are constructed for all noncrystallographic point groups of quasicrystals.


Abstract Since 2007, the "Landscape & Perception" project, under the auspices of the Royal College of Art, has undertaken a series of field visits to Preseli and surrounding landscapes in southwest Wales conducting audio and visual mapping activities. On some of those field sessions, part of the research focused on the rocks along the Carn Menyn ridge, a claimed main source area of the Stonehenge bluestones in the Preseli hills. The specific interest was to test to see if there were lithophones (naturally musical or ringing rocks) present on the ridge, and if so, to digitally record a sample of them and to make a preliminary assessment of their incidence and distribution at the location. Those findings are presented in this note. (This note is adapted from the official report for the Royal College of Art, which also formed the basis of a presentation given at the Theoretical Archaeology Group conference at the University of Bristol in December 2010.)


Immunopharmacology is the study of the use of pharmacological agents as modulators of immune responses. The principal applications are in the use of immunosuppressive agents (i.e., compounds that suppress undesirable immune responses) and immunostimulating agents (i.e., drugs, microorganisms, or biological products that enhance or augment immune responses). Three major indications for immunotherapy are in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, primary immunodeficiency diseases, and organ transplantation.


Abstract Dialog acts can be interpreted as the atomic units of a conversation, more fine-grained than utterances, characterized by a specific communicative function. The ability to structure a conversational transcript as a sequence of dialog acts—dialog act recognition, including the segmentation—is critical for understanding dialog. We apply two pre-trained transformer models, XLNet and Longformer, to this task in English and achieve strong results on Switchboard Dialog Act and Meeting Recorder Dialog Act corpora with dialog act segmentation error rates (DSER) of 8.4% and 14.2%. To understand the key factors affecting dialog act recognition, we perform a comparative analysis of models trained under different conditions. We find that the inclusion of a broader conversational context helps disambiguate many dialog act classes, especially those infrequent in the training data. The presence of punctuation in the transcripts has a massive effect on the models' performance, and a detailed analysis reveals specific segmentation patterns observed in its absence. Finally, we find that the label set specificity does not affect dialog act segmentation performance. These findings have significant practical implications for spoken language understanding applications that depend heavily on a good-quality segmentation being available.


Background—African ancestry is associated with higher prevalence and greater severity of asthma. Yet genetic studies of the most significant childhood onset asthma locus on 17q12–21 in African Americans have been equivocal. The goal of this study was to leverage both the careful phenotyping in the CREW birth cohort consortium and the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium in African Americans to fine map this important asthma locus. Methods—Using nine 17q12–21 tag SNPs, we performed association studies for childhood onset asthma in 1,613 European American and 870 African American CREW children, and metaanalyzed the results with publicly available summary data from the EVE consortium (n=4,343 European American, 3,035 African ancestry). We then performed eQTL studies of the SNPs associated with childhood asthma and the expression of 17q12–21 genes in resting blood-derived and upper airway epithelial cells from 85 and 246, respectively, African American children; and in Ober et al. Page 2 Lancet Respir Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2021 May 01. A uhor M anscript


The paper provides an overview of the scent marketing communications. It first discussed why scent is an emerging communications tool in the marketing industry: and how scent represents a direct route to emotions. Then, focusing on the business to consumer markets, and using the different objectives of marketing communications as a framework, this paper outlines the role scent marketing communications can be used to create customer awareness, generate consumer engagement, and motivate purchasing decisions. This paper provides a blend of academic research and documented anetdotal information to support the emerging role of scent communications in the marketing industry. Moreover, this paper provides an analysis of the extent an ambient retail scent, and a product scent, also contribute to increasing consumer confidence.


Using the solubility isotherm method, the two ternary systems REI3-CS(NH2)2-H2O(RE=Sm,Dy) have been studied. The dithiourea adducts of RE (RE = Sm,Dy)iodide(i. e.REI3·[CS(NH2)2]2·10H2O), containing ten water molecules, were found in the two systems. The conditions of their preparation have been determined. The melting points, density, infrared spectrums and X-ray diffracation data of the two adducts have been recorded.


SUMMARY While many country reports have been compiled in the area of land administration over the last decade, there has not much attention been given to the basic cadastral issues. As a result, one of the objectives of Working Group 3 "Cadastre" of the PCGIAP is the establishment of a cadastral template, which is basically a standard form to be filled out by cadastral organizations presenting their national cadastral system. The aims are to understand the role that a cadastre plays in a state or national SDI and to compare best practice as a basis for improving cadastres as a key component of SDIs. The work of the PCGIAP-Working Group 3 "Cadastre" is being done in collaboration with Commission 7 "Cadastre and Land Management" of the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), which has extensive experience in comparative cadastral studies. This article describes the creation and the content of the cadastral template and the expected outcomes.


ABSTRACT  This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of test shooting and long passing techniques in soccer players aged 18-23 years. Subjects in this study were members of the club football competition Gresik Regency Executive Branch, amounting to 50 players.Based on the results of research has been done, the validity  of test instruments shooting right and left foot with a distance of 23 meters, as well as passing the test instrument long right leg and left leg as far as distance is obtained by correlating the results of the first test and score a total of two tests. The results of the first test and the correlation between total scores showed that the level of shooting tests test the validity of the right foot for a perfect 0.94 in the category, and test instruments shooting the left leg of 0.89 with enough categories. While the long test instrument passing the right leg of 0.86 with the categories and test instruments long enough passing the left foot of 0.76 with the medium category. To test the validity of the technique of 0.89 with enough categories. While the degree of reliability is calculated by the method of re-test. The results of using the product moment correlation between the results of the first test with the second test to find the degree reliabiltas showed that the shooting test instrument reliability of 0.92 with the right foot perfectly categories, and test instruments shooting the left leg of 0.86 with a perfect category. While the long test instrument passing the right leg of 0.90 with a perfect category and test instruments left foot long passing of 0.81 with a perfect category. To test the technique with reliability of 0.95 with a perfect category.The conclusion of this study was shooting a test instrument with a distance of 23 m long test instruments and passing at a distance as far as possible, using tests the right leg and left leg has a level of validity and reliability is good. Based on these results that both supported by the results of test validity and reliability testing technique is good technique can also be said that both the test instrument is a good technique when used to perform the selection of players aged 18 -23 years.Keywords: Test Validity, Reliability, Shooting, Passing Long, 18-23 Players


By means of resistance strain gauge and multifunctional test bench of materials mechanics, the relation curve between the axial compressive forces of the two-ends hinged column with a rectangular cross-section and total bridge strain was obtained by the resistance strain measurement method, accordingly, by the horizontal asymptote of this relation curve the critical load of compression column was obtained. The study indicates that the critical load obtained respectively by the resistance strain measurement method and Euler formula theory fits very well, and the research results verified the reliability of the experimental method.


AbstractSeveral industrially manufactured low molecular weight (LMW) synthetic resins have been investigated for their potential use in picture varnishes. The resins were examined by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Refractive indices (RI) were also determined. The stability of films of the resins was tested during accelerated aging in a xenon arc fadeometer and evaluated by means of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and IR spectrometry and solubility measurements. The effects of the hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) Tinuvin 292 on the aging of these resins and the ketone resin Laropal K80, the reduced ketone resin MS2A, and a chemically modified ketone resin (ketone-ester) were determined. Most of the new products investigated are considerably more stable than both natural and ketone resins and would, when stabilized with HALS, show considerable longevity even in an environment containing UV light. MS2A and the ketone-ester can a...


A sealed heat insulating tanks including the at least one tank wall fixed to the hull (1) of the floating structure, wherein the tank wall, and then outwardly from the interior of the tank, a primary sealing barrier (8), a primary insulating barrier 6, the secondary sealing barrier (5) and a secondary thermal insulation barrier (2) having and at least one of the heat insulating barrier is juxtaposed rain - includes a conductive member in a required configuration, wherein each of the non-conductive elements are heat-insulating liners 76 and a load-supporting member 75, and includes the insulating liner is arranged in the form of parallel layers in the tank wall, the load-support members are to receive the thickness of the insulating liner to compressive in the on the sealing insulating tanks passing through it increases, the non-loading of the conductive member-supporting member are at least one of the rod-being manufactured in the form of a support structure 70, the load-support members are connected in each case Way It is formed from a single part comprising a.


Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was first identified in 1959 and has become a very sensitive technique for studying surface properties in physics, chemistry and biology [1,2]. SPR sensors use transverse magnetic (TM) polarized waves to probe minor refractive index (RI) changes occurring at an interface between a metal film and a dielectric medium. For optical microscopy, SPR phenomena may be taken advantage of to increase the signal-to-noise ratio so as to benefit to the spatial resolution in imaging applications [3]. It has been reported that the use of a radial polarizer so as to enhance the generation of TM-polarized light is of interest for surface plasmon microscopy. In this report, demonstration was performed by scanning over a few scattering sources of sub micrometer size [4,5]. In order to get a higher sensitivity studies for nanoparticles, we report here a new development of radially polarized surface plasmon microscopy with two detection channels for linear reflection and epifluorescence, as well as a modulation detection scheme based on an annular disc.


Sweet Sorghum has been evaluated as a complementary source of raw material for ethanol production in microdistillery. Sorghum culms can be processed in the same installation utilized for the production of ethanol from sugar cane, giving an ample fiber residue (bagasse) to generate enough steam for industrial operation. The results obtained in a two years experimental work showed that sweet sorghum cultivar Br 505 could be a recommendable alternate crop to complement sugar cane in the production of ethanol in microdistillery. The total reducing sugar content of the culms was not significantly different when compared to those of sugar cane earlier harvested. The culms presented a total reducing sugar content of 33 to 40%, on dry basis. In this case the utilization of sweet sorghum culms between the sugar cane harvesting season can reduce the microdistillery inactive period. Besides the grains, the distillery residues and by-products can be used in other activities directed to food production in the rural property. The utilization of the two crops as raw material for alcohol production in microdistillery can provide a better use of sugar cane after reaching complete maturity present high sugar content in the culms.


We have used cross‐section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) to study microstructures of carbon‐implanted silicon layers after high‐temperature annealing. It was found that the threshold dose for extended defect formation was much higher for carbon implantation than for other ion species such as B, P, and O. In 2.4 MeV carbon‐implanted layers, no dislocations were formed for doses as high as 2×1016 cm−2 after annealing at 1000 °C for 1 h. The threshold was found to be lower for low‐energy implantation (100 keV): at a dose of 2×1016 cm−2, when an amorphous layer was formed, microtwins were formed near the projected range upon annealing. Microprecipitates around 50 A in size were observed in low‐energy carbon‐implanted samples and the precipitates appeared to be under strain.


Some investigators have held that the area of the Magnitogor sk mega-synclinorium has passed through a geosynclinal stage and cannot be favorable for oil and gas. However, oil and gas have been found elsewhere in the world in such geologic environments. In this respect the nature of the disseminated organic matter is important. On a basis of study of more than a thousand samples , it was found that the content of organic carbon in the Carboniferous rocks here ranges from 0.11 to 3.27%, t he most common values at 0.5-0.7%.


FFT algorithms are mainly used for the calculation of DFT because they are preferred due to their increased speed and higher efficiency, which arises due to the fact that for the calculation of an N-pt DFT, the sequence is broken into several segments and the DFT for each segment is calculated. However, for this many redundant memory spaces and the Butterfly structures are required for DFT calculations. Grouping the identical twiddle factors of different stages together reduces the number of memory references and the storage space due to twiddle factors, therein reducing the number of clock cycles needed for the complete implementation of the algorithm. For further reduction combine the DIT at the initial stage and DIF at the final stage. This technique is referred as DITF. It combines both the benefits of DIT and DIF and thus reducing the memory reference. The DITF algorithm reduces the number of the complex additions and multiplications in the calculation and hence in turn reduces the computational time.
 Prime Factor Algorithm provides an unified derivation of the Cooley-Tukey FFT and the Winograd Fourier Transform Algorithm (WFTA) FFT. In this method of reduction, arithmetic is used as an index mapping (a change of variables) to change the one-dimensional DFT into a two or higher dimensional DFTs. This is done in order to change a large problem into several easier smaller ones which makes its computing quicker and simpler and thereby reducing the computational time and does not require any butterfly structures.
 This algorithm is implemented in C language to verify their reduction in computation time. The same can also be verified using Code composer studio (CCS) and implemented in DSP Processors for the verification of reduced clock cycles. The reduction in memory spaces and memory references of the twiddle factors is evident in all the methods implicitly from the nature of the methods. Thus this can be an efficient method for the calculation of FFT algorithms.


This is the universal and scientific truth that males and females are different in the biological aspect, but psychology proves through empirical researches, that they are different in psychological aspects too. The present research reveals that both gender (males and females) are differ in their personality traits. The sample comprised of 165 adolescence and early adults, their education is above the 12th standard, and the age range was between 17-26 years. To assess the personality traits of adolescence NEO-FFI by McCrae and Costa (1992) was used. T-test as used as a statistical tool. The finding reveals that there is a difference between males and females on the dimensions of big-five personality traits.


Storage-concerned Alternative Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) with complementarity constraints is highly non-convex and intractable. In this paper, we propose two more generalized sufficient conditions which guarantee no simultaneous charging and discharging (SCD) in the relaxed multi-period ACOPF excluding the complementarity constraints. Moreover, we prove that the regions on the locational marginal prices (LMPs) formed by the proposed two conditions both contain the other existing representative ones. We also generalize the application premise of sufficient conditions from the positive electricity price requirements to the negative electricity price scenarios. The case studies verify the exactness and advantages of the proposed method.


This chapter outlines the concept of institutional bricolage as a tool for understanding how community forest arrangements actually work. We characterise two contrasting schools of institutional thinking and show how bricolage belongs to a 'critical institutionalist' rather than a 'mainstream institutionalist' perspective. The key elements of bricolage are outlined to elaborate the concept. These are further explored through an examination of the different practices adopted by local actors in shaping institutional arrangements. Illustrations are drawn from studies of community forestry in Bolivia and Ecuador and areas for further work are identified.


Thomas Hodgkin was a diligent, selfless and benevolent man whose name is instantly recognisable in the medical field due to his description of a type of the lymphoma that is named after him, 'Hodgkin's Lymphoma'. Based at Guy's Hospital, London, he created a vast catalogue of specimens in their Medical Museum and facilitated teaching at the establishment. He was dedicated to education, public health and social reform in the 19th century.


Abstract On September 1, 1888, an earthquake of probable magnitude M7–7.3 struck the Amuri District of North Canterbury, 100 km north-west of Christchurch, New Zealand. The earthquake ruptured a segment of the Hope Fault, and damaged buildings over a wide area. The effects of the earthquake indicate Modified Mercalli intensities of MM IX in the epicentral area. High-intensity isoseismals (>MM VII) were strongly elliptical and parallel to faulting, apparently attenuating steeply to the northwest and southeast, respectively. However, in parts of Greymouth and Christchurch, shaking was amplified (to MM VII), presumably by local ground conditions. After the earthquake, dextral offsets of between 1.5 and 2.6 m were observed on fencelines crossing the Hope Fault at four localities in the Hope Valley. Recent field work has indicated that the ruptured section forms a structurally distinct segment — the Hope River Segment — of the fault. It extends 30±5 km along the Hope Valley, between two basins developed at rel...


A study of the normalized drain current spectral density SId/I2d as a function of drain current has been carried out on n channel metal‐oxide‐semiconductor transistors at very low (4 K), low (77 K), and room temperatures. It is demonstrated experimentally that the drain current dependence of SId/I2d is strongly correlated to that of the transconductance‐current ratio squared (gm/Id)2. This result clearly shows that the carrier‐number fluctuation model is applicable not only at room temperature but also at low and very low temperatures. Therefore, it is proved that the mobility fluctuation model is inadequate for the interpretation of our flicker noise data.


This paper represents a type of hydraulic oscillator applied to square billet mold,analyzing the parameters and dynamic model.The equipment could be fixed within the arc or outer arc side.Narrow flow space could be solved by using single hydraulic cylinder driving.The controlling part is of reverse synchronization type.Plant data shows that pulling rate got faster,and negative strip time is accurate in the meantime,weakening depth of oscillation mark and breakout.


In this paper, a consciousness-driven visual attention model is presented. It is base on a hierarchical analysi on the given visual receptive field. The analysis is base on th e complexity analysis of the content information on the given visual scene. The same approach has been applied on each level of the hierarchy. In other words, a divide-and-conquer approach is suggested to analysis the content information o n the given visual scene. The proposed approach is relative si mple and straight-forward method, thus can be easily implemente d in a parallel processing architecture.


The effect of microwave coupled hot air drying on rehydration ratio (RR) and total sugar content (TSC) of Chinese yam was investigated. Single factor test and response surface methodology were used for process parameter optimization with hot air temperature, hot air velocity, slice thickness, and microwave power density as variables and RR and TSC of dried products as responses. The effect of variables on RR followed the order: slice thickness > hot air temperature > microwave power density > hot air velocity. The effect of variables on TSC followed the order: slice thickness > microwave power density > hot air velocity > hot air temperature. The optimized process parameters were hot air velocity of 2.5 m/s, hot air temperature of 61.7 °C, slice thickness of 8.5 mm, and microwave power density of 5.9 W/g. Under the optimal conditions, the predicted values of RR and TSC were 1.90 g/g and 5.74 g/100 g, respectively, which is very close to corresponding actual values (1.83 g/g and 5.72 g/100 g). The desirability of 0.913 further validated the effectiveness of the model. The findings from this work may apply to other agricultural products.


The merging of two mercury drops at very low kinetic energy is observed using fast, digital, and analog imaging techniques. Sequences showing the time evolution of the overall-surface shape as well as an amplified view of the contact region are shown. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with computations of the Navier-Stokes equation with a free surface are made. In the model, the surface is tracked by a marker-chain method.


Using Tibetan Statistical Yearbook from 1978 to 2009 and four methods(linear regression,the Malthusian model,logistic model,GM(1,1) models),this paper tends to forecast the population of Tibet.The results show that the linear prediction model Ⅲ has the minimum average relative error rate among the four prediction models,which is only 0.2611%,and Malthusian prediction model Ⅲ has the maximum average relative error rate;the Logistic model forecast result is most conservative,which is 3.40 million and the Malthus model forecast is most optimistic which ups to 3.80 million.In the future,the Logistic model's predicted value can be applied to as the lower limit of population projections,the Malthus model's predicted value can be taken as the ceiling value.On the mean value of the four models' predicted values from 2010 to 2030,Tibetan population in 2010 will reach to 2.94.million,3.11million in 2015,3.29 million in 2020,3.47million in 2025,and 3.65 million in 2030.With the gradually speeding up of the total population growth tendency in the future 20 years,there will be a certain population pressure in the future regional development.If we cannot find a better approach to coordinate the industrial development with resources and environment,the pressure of regional population growth on the environment will further increase too.


In this study, the main objective is to measure water quality and predict the additional pollutant loads of Buloh River after the development of new Faculty of Earth Science by using QUAL2K. The water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (C) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃‐N) are measured and tested to be inputted into QUAL2K model for modeling process. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) which did not incorporated in the model are used to explain the trends of water quality. The measured data shows that Buloh River is considered slightly polluted with NH₃‐N at downstream where treated sewage effluents from existing STP are discharged. After additional loading, NH₃‐N is expected to reaches 1041.711.µg/L at 0.12km which falls into Class IV of NWQS. BOD₅ concentration is predicted to rise up to 2.87mg/L while DO concentration is expected to decrease to 3.88mg/L which able to maintain the water quality in Class II of NWQS. Temperature and pH will remain in the range of 26 to 30°C and 6.5 to 9 respectively. The simulated results of QUAL2K shows that the additional loadings from future STP are expected to increase NH₃‐N concentration to Class IV of NWQS while maintaining the other parameters between Class II and III of NWQS.


The adsorption and persistence of pencycuron {1-(4-chlorobenzyl) cyclopentyl-3-phenylurea} in soils were investigated under laboratory and field conditions to in order to assess the safety use and environmental impact. In the adsorption rate experiments, a significant power function of relation was found between the adsorbed amount of pencycuron and the shaking time. Within one hour following the shaking, the adsorption amounts in the SCL and the SiCL were 60 and 65% of the maximum adsorption amounts, respectively. The adsorption reached a quasi-equilibrium 12 hours after shaking. The adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich equation. The coefficient (1/n) indicating adsorption strength and degree of nonlinearity was 1.45 for SCL and 1.68 to SiCL. The adsorption coefficients () were 2.31 for SCL and 2.92 to SiCL, and the organic carbon partition coefficient, , was 292.9 in SCL and 200.5 inSiCL. In the laboratory study, the degradation rate of pencycuron in soils followed a first-order kinetic model. The degradation rate was greatly affected by soil temperature. As soil incubation temperature was increased from 12 to , the residual half life was decreased from 95 to 20 days. Arrhenius activation energy was 57.8 kJ . Furthermore, the soil moisture content affected the degradation rate. The half life in soil with 30 to 70% of field moisture capacity was ranged from 21 to 38 days. The moisture dependence coefficient, B value in the empirical equation was 0.65. In field experiments, the half-life were 26 and 23 days, respectively. The duration for period of 90% degradation was 57 days. The difference between SCL and SiCL soils varied to pencycuron degradation rates were very limited, particularly under the field conditions, even though the characteristics of both soils are varied.


Sulfide was a kind of key chemical substance with strong odor in oil refinery coking wastewater.The simulation coking wastewater containing sulfide was deodorized by catalytic wet air oxidation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.The catalyst Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 was prepared by precipitation-impregnation.The proper contents of Fe2O3,CeO2 and TiO2 were 3.5 wt%,1.6 wt% and 8.3 wt%,respectively.The experiments showed that the catalyst had higher catalytic activity for the oxidation reaction,and the conversion of sulfide in wastewater reached over 90% under the conditions of pH 9-10,catalyst dosage of 3 wt%,and 0.6 L·min-1air flow per 100 mL wastewater after reaction 90 min.The odor intensity of the wastewater might be down by one grade.


The monitoring technique of sinking resistance for the south anchor caisson foundation of the Taizhou Yangtze Highway Bridge.During sinking of the caisson,the earth pressure cells were used to test the side resistance and tip resistance of the caisson.From these monitoring data collation and analysis,they will be helpful for the safe sinking of the large caisson and ensured smooth completion of the project.They will be valuable for the monitoring and construction of the large caisson in the similar project.


Context-aware computing is one of the indispendable key technologies for developing and deploying intelligent applications. Whether the context can really contribute to the applications mainly depends on the following two aspects: the first is how to continuously and steadily monitor / capture high-quality context information from the dynamic interaction environment, the second is how to reason on contexts and make adaptation decisions for applications. A layered middleware infrastructure was designed to achieve the above objectives. It afforded effective supports for not only gathering, managing, interpreting and making use of context information to dynamically adapt applications, but also selecting the most appropriate context sources dynamically at runtime based upon Qualities of Context( QoC). Finally, the experimental results show that the middleware can quickly and efficiently support the development and deployment of context-aware applications, and has better computing performance in comparison with others.


*e proposition, +rst formulated by Karl Elliger and mediated to English and Hebrew scholarship by Israel Knohl, Jan Joosten, and Jacob Milgrom, among others, that H postdates P, has had wide-reaching implications for scholarly understandings of the history of the formation of the Pentateuch.1 Knohl's further innovation in the identi+cation of a post-Priestly Holiness school (HS) made up of a Priestly group situated in Jerusalem that was responsible both for Lev 17–26 and editing across the Pentateuch, has contributed to the breadth of these implications.2 Others have adopted Knohl's proposals to a greater or lesser extent, with the overall result that the traditional assumption of a Holiness Code predating P has been reversed so that "there is now almost unanimous acceptance that H presupposes at least a +nal form of the Priestly document."3 *is rep-


Accurate complex refractive index of ZnTe crystal in terahertz spectral region from 0.2 to 3.5 THz is obtained by measuring three samples with different thickness using transmission terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Each sample is measured a number of times and the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the complex refractive index are calculated to quantify the random errors in the measurement. The ratios of SD to mean of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index are approximately 1.0×10-4 and 1.2×10-2 at 1 THz respectively. The absorption coefficient of our ZnTe sample is found to be comparable with or smaller than the values reported in previous literatures.


We develop, implement, and demonstrate an open-source simulator, called AirSimN, for evaluating drone-based wireless networks in this extended abstract. AirSimN is different from all prior attempts in the literature because it concurrently supports aerodynamic, computer vision, and network simulations. We carefully design it to minimize the effort of realizing virtually arbitrary drone applications, thanks to the active and popular AirSim and NS-3 projects. Many mobile computing and wireless networking projects on, e.g., drone feedback controllers, drone vision algorithms, and 5G/6G cellular network planning, can leverage AirSimN for large-scale evaluations.


This article introduces the justice archive as a concept and set of practices emerging from recent developments in transitional justice, memory, and digital technology. Drawing on evidence from the Americas and the Balkans, it examines digital archiving and memory activism and considers the role of international law and regulation.


This paper proposes an algorithm for generating a mesh that is similar to a given reference mesh in particular features. In the design process, similar kinds of meshes are generated for the same shape or similar shapes repeatedly. Once a mesh having the desired features is obtained, our algorithm can generate the succeeding meshes efficiently by imitating a selected set of features of the reference mesh. The algorithm (1) captures the significant features (element size, element orientation, and anisotropy) of the reference mesh in the form of a tensor field, (2) transforms the tensor field to modify the features, and (3) generates a refined mesh according to the modified tensor field. The results show that the generated mesh globally preserves specified features of the reference mesh. A mesh having the desired qualities will be easily obtained with just a few local mesh modifications.


The ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway (UPP) is involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and trophoblastic invasion during early pregnancy. Our previous studies demonstrated that inhibition of UPP suppresses expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and ‐9. LMP2 is an important proteasome subunit that is critical for proteasome activity. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of LMP2 on the expression and activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Our results showed that transfection of LMP2 siRNA plasmid into the human invasive extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR8/Svneo) could significantly suppress expression of LMP2 mRNA and protein. The mRNA expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 and their activities were markedly decreased in the LMP2‐inhibited cells. Inhibition of LMP2 could also reduce IκBα mRNA level, although the expression of phosphorylated IκBα was increased. In the LMP2‐inhibited cells, expression of mRNA encoding NF‐κB subunits p50 and p65 remained normal, but the p50 protein level was significantly decreased in the cytosolic and nuclear extracts, while p65 protein was markedly reduced only in the nuclear extract. We also demonstrated that blockage of the NF‐κB pathway by the NF‐κB translocation inhibitor SN50 markedly reduced the expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in HTR8/Svneo cells, a result that is fully consistent with the results from the LMP2‐inhibited HTR8/Svneo cells. These data suggest that LMP2 contributes to IκBα degradation and p50 generation, and that inhibition of LMP2 suppresses expression and activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 by blocking the transfer of active NF‐κB heterodimers into the nucleus. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This thesis has as its research subject the possible limitations of the records life cycle before the perspectives arisen from the new paradigm, usually called "post-custodial", and proposes the use of the Australian model records continuum as an instrument of clarification. Therefore, the aim is to comprehend in which way the Australian archival theory, especially the records continuum model, can contribute for the elucidation of the possible limitations imposed by the concept of the records life cycle before the new perspectives arisen from the digital records. For this purpose, the systematic review is used, in order to clearly expose the research steps, with standard techniques that can be reproduced. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the evolution process of the sciences and the concepts of paradigms and the disciplinary matrix are analyzed. Therefore, the main aspects related to creation, consolidation, dissemination and interpretations which are relevant to the records life cycle, including their relations to the three ages of archives, are verified. Then, an analysis is realized about the possibility of the records life cycle to make up for the condition of a key concept or, yet, a paradigm for the Archival Science. It is also made an analysis about the application of the life cycle before the perspectives of the Post-custodialism, mainly about the management of digital records. Finally, we investigate the main features of the Australian archival theory and the records continuum model, especially in what refers to the elucidation of the limitations imposed by the records life cycle. Therefore, we determine that the life cycle integrates the theoretical and methodological basis of the Archival Science and can be considered a "lato sensu" paradigm for the subject and its main limitations in the management of digital records are related to the strict limitation of its steps and its linear and diachronic nature. Furthermore, the results show that the records continuum model provides a proper vision for the management of digital records, since its many purposes, its space-time nature and the use of continuous value are better suited for the different possibilities provided by the digital records.