The use of unscheduled contention based channel access protocols in mobile ad hoc networks is very attractive due to their transparency to topological change, relatively low overhead, and ease of implementation. Recent reports (see Shugong Xu and Tarek Saadawi, IEEE Commun. Magazine, vol.39, no.6, p.130-7, 2001), however, have shown that the widely available asynchronous contention based 802.11 protocol has significant fairness issues, especially with regard to exposed terminals. These fairness issues are a direct result of the asynchronous nature of the protocol. We present SUMA, the synchronous unscheduled multiple access protocol, which has all the benefits of a contention based access protocol while ensuring fair access to all nodes.


In the debate on the incidence and dynamics of new industrial complexes, technological innovation has been treated as exogenous, and endogenous entrepreneurial growth forces have been stressed at the expense of state actions, interregional interactions, and geographical transfers of capital and labor. In this paper it is argued that technological paths are deliberately chosen and that the state, through its commitment to cold-war armament, has been a major source of demand for and underwriter of the new flexible technologies and new product lines so central to the new industrial districts phenomenon in the USA. The emergence of specific agglomerations, such as Los Angeles, Orange County, Silicon Valley, and the Boston area's Route 128, and the parallel failure of the industrial heartland cities to host military-related high-tech development, are the products of concerted locational choice and developmental efforts by military personnel, politicians, boosters, and military-industrial corporate managers, Military-led innovation has furthermore contributed to the rise of accelerated and institutionalized innovation and to the emergence of new macroeconomic pathologies, such as state debt, accelerated deindustrialization, and a worsening income distribution.


The Permanent Court of International Justice was inaugurated on January 30, 1922. The present International Court of Justice held its inaugural meeting on April 18, 1946—the day on which the League of Nations formally ceased to exist. Measured in terms of "business", the present Court has become a disappointment, and at the beginning of 1970 it had no pending cases on its docket. Today it has one. This situation of decline, which in fact had been evolving ever since the thirties, formed the subject of an important speech by the U.S. Secretary of State on April 25, 1970; it was also commented upon by Secretary-General U Thant in the Introduction to his annual report on the work of the organization submitted to the twenty-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly. Following this, twelve member States initiated a debate on a new agenda item entitled: "Review of the role of the International Court of Justice". This debate led to an interim decision inviting the Secretary-General to submit to the next session a comprehensive report, to be based on the replies of States to a questionnaire which he was asked to prepare and circulate.


A practical and high-yielding method for the synthesis of new sultams from readily available sulfonamides, 1-naphthylamine, and 2-halobenzyl bromides is reported. A variety of tricyclic, tetra-cyclic, and pentacyclic sultams have been prepared via palladium-catalyzed, ligand-free intramolecular cyclization. Detailed mechanistic studies of the reaction pathway are also described.


This research was in "Al-Aqili's saying is more like in his book Al-Du'afa", I made a brief definition of Imam Al-Aqili, and his book Al-Da'afa, then I collected hadiths in which Al-Aqili explained the difference between its narrators, and favored one of its aspects by saying "more like it." Then a study of the one on whom the dispute revolved, and then I compared Al-Aqili's saying with the critics who spoke with him in the hadith to reach the most correct opinion, extracting the clues that he relied on in his recommendations, and I concluded it with the most important results that I reached through this research.


Introduction: Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STD) constitutes a heterogeneous group of infections, of maximum importance for the public health in the World, given his magnitude, transcendence and repercussion for the patient, the family and the society and affect with higher frequency young adult. Objective: identify possible relating factors to contagion of the Sexual Transmitted Diseases in the adolescence. Material and Methods: a review was done using the method of automated search of electronic articles published in Databases and printed texts, books and leaflets during the last five years; and scientific interchange was produced among specialists related to the researched topic. Articles not complete belonging to the research topic were excluded of the search. Development: were determined as important factors in the binomial ITS/adolescent, the family, the Systems of Health, the level and sources of information about STD, the precocious beginning of the sexual activity, the number of couples and the use of the condom. Conclusions: sexual Transmitted Diseases had higher frequency in both sex in adolescent between 15 and 24 years old, and there are factors influencing their contagion The most important exponent in the treatment and prevention of the STD is the Primary Health Care.


The present invention relates to a bioplastics using the coffee by-products for producing bio plastics by mixing coffee by-products with a synthetic resin, and to a method of manufacturing the same. A primary raw material extrusion step of mixing and extruding an inorganic material, titanium dioxide, a dispersant, and a wax into water to obtain a primary raw material extrudate, and the primary raw material extrudate with polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) or a mixture thereof It provides a method of producing a bioplastic by mixing, heating and extruding, and a bioplastic produced by the production method, and has an effect of providing a bioplastic that is degradable and contributes to resource saving by recycling waste.


Inthisworktheanalysis ofbiomedical data characterizing motoractivities ofthelimbs iscarried outwiththe aimtoextract useful information forevaluate thestate ofsubjects affected byParkinson 'sdisease. Previously, asimple andinexpensive system thatmeasures the force ofpalmar grip hasbeenpresented, thenasuitable software protocol abletorecord, tomanageandtoenterprise theacquired data, hasbeenrealized. Afterwards, afirst analysis intimedomain hasledtoidentify some biomedical parameters characterizing motoractivities oflimbs; the study ofthese parameters andtheanalysis ofthecorrelations between theacquired data, haspermitted todevelop suitable models describing thetimebehavior ofthepalmar grip. Inthis papertheauthors propose a moredetailed study that evaluates thefiltering, phase noise effects andtheperformances of different methods usedtoestimate thecharacteristic parameters of thepalmar grip.


This work examines the Perceived Locus of Causality for Sex Scale developed on the basis of the Self-Determination Theory (STD; Ryan & Deci, 1998) by S. Jenkins in 2003. Here, two confirmato-ry factor analyses are conducted 1) to find out whether the background of SDT can be confirmed in a latent variable model and 2) to see whether the scale will hold up against another theory that the pop-ular Sexual Motives Scale by Shapiro et al. (1998) is founded upon. Not supporting the models leads to exploratory studies that employ a serious of exploratory factor analyses and a psychological network approach pioneered by S. Epskamp. The analyses reveal that some groups of items could be explained by a latent factor while others are better understood through the network relationships. Besides these findings relevant to the scale, this work is a venture into the little-known world of psy-chological networks that are perhaps to become the new latent variable approach.


Rats are particularly adapted for experiments on the effect of very early ablation of the thyroid because they are very immature at birth, and have had a developed thyroid only the last 3 days in utero. 1 No previous reports on mammals have dealt with such early ablations. The present experiments deal with the removal of the thyro-parathyroid apparatus in young rats on the first or second day of life. A very few animals were also operated on the seventh and fourteenth days of life. Complete removal is extremely difficult because of the gelatinous consistency of the infantile tissues. Every animal here reported was checked for completeness of removal by microscopic examination of serial sections of the tracheal region made at autopsy. This check was found to be absolutely necessary since in many stunted animals microscopic remnants were found. These will be treated separately as "incompletes." Of 486 rats thyro-parathyroidectomized on the first or second day of life, 167 survived the critical period of the first post-operative week. Animals were sacrificed at various intervals after data on growth had been secured. The 167 survivors were autopsied and 107 of them have teen examined for completeness of removal. Twenty of these show no remnant of the thyro-parathyroid apparatus. Of the 46 animals operated on at 7 or 14 days, verifying examination of the operative field had been completed on only 5. In an operated control series of 38 animals, the thyro-parathyroids were removed on the first day and the glands re-implanted in the same animal 2 ; 30 survived beyond the critical week; 28 showed normal growth curves. Some of them have not yet been sacrificed for examination. These animals show that the operation itself is not a factor in causing a retardation of development.


The properties and possible application fields of several comparatively new types of resonators are discussed. Among them are: (1) Unstable resonator with semi-transparent output mirror. This scheme provides an increase in axial luminous intensity. (2) Half-confocal stable resonator with diffraction output coupling. This resonator comprises a big concave and a little plane mirrors; its properties are similar to those of an unstable resonator with spatial filtration (SFUR) proposed by Gobbi et al, but the half-confocal resonator is simpler and more convenient. (3) Multipass unstable resonator of high stability with regard to misalignments. This resonator consists only of large curvature concave mirrors and has the axis position stability by two-three orders better than the conventional arrangements. Resonator comprises a Sagnac interferometer with splitting into two beams rotating in mutually opposite directions, which has low sensitivity with regard to azimuthal inhomogeneities. The possibility of designing a Sagnac interferometer made up only of non-transparent mirrors is discussed. (5) Resonator with high effective length based on an astigmatic telescope transforming the annular into rectangular beam cross section. This scheme is perhaps one of the best for lasers with annular cross section of the active medium.


The objectives of the project are to define and evaluate the diferent alternatives for implementing new Smart concepts and technologies in Barcelona Airport.


distinguished quartet including Raymond Barre, in his professional guise, Raymond Aron, and Robert Triffin. The star is Triffin, with a luminous statistical analysis of how, during the enormous dollar deficit caused by the Vietnam War from 1969 to 1973, the Germans and Dutch countered its inflationary effects by restricting domestic credit while the British, French, and Italians added to them by expanding credit on their own account. As far as figures can, these show clearly why Western Europe has been divided into two economic and political groups during most of the 197os, the countries which control their economy, and those which do not. The underlying causes are another matter, of course. Triffin's role was to record the financial phenomenon, not to explain the political one. One is grateful to him for his talent for clarifying an area many others tend to obscure.


Multi-access edge computing promises satisfactory user experience by offloading tasks to the MEC server deployed at the network edge. However, since the MEC server is often resource-limited as compared to the cloud infrastructure, how to efficiently utilize its resources for system performance optimization becomes a challenge. In this paper, we study this problem with the aim at maximizing user's QoE through jointly optimizing service selection, computation resource allocation and task offloading decision, which is less studied in existing literature. We formulate a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP) for the task and propose a utility-based approach together with a low-complexity resource-efficiency based heuristic to address the problem. We consider realistic settings, where centralized solutions may not apply and an optimal mechanism needs to adapt as system operates. A distributed algorithm based on the Lagrangian-dual based decomposition theory is proposed, and we prove all sub-problems derived can be efficiently solved. In line with the current VM technology, we develop a cost-aware online algorithm that explicitly incorporates the cost of service switches into service selection and resource allocation. We evaluate our mechanism through both synthetic and trace-driven simulations, and results indicate they are effective as compared to representative baseline algorithms.


An on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique, linked to spectrophotometry, has been developed to overcome the problem of high matrix concentration, which is thought to interfere with the determination of low levels of aluminum in environmental samples. Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATCA) modified resin was prepared and used as a SPE absorbent, which can quantitatively adsorb Al(III) at pH 4.5–6.5 with an adsorption capacity of 10.8 mg g –1 resin. The main advantages of this novel method are: (1) a much higher sensitivity has been obtained by SPE technology; and (2) a large amount of Na, K, Ag, Hg, Ca, and Mg, can be removed and the interference of Fe(III) and F can be efficiently eliminated by eluting with 0.30 mol L –1 NaOH. It is a highly selective and sensitive method for simple and quick determination of Al in food samples (rice, tea and potato), soil, waste water, river waters, spring water and ground water samples.


chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. – 2011. – Vol. 65, No 1. – P. 82-88. 33. Ng T.P., Niti M., Tan W.C. et al. Depressive symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect on mortality, hospital readmission, symptom burden, functional status, and quality of life // Arch. Intern. Med. – 2007. – Vol. 167, No 1. – P. 60-67. 34. Perera P.N., Armstrong E.P., Sherrill D.L. et al. Acute exacerbations of COPD in the United States: inpatient burden and predictors of costs and mortality // COPD. – 2012. – Vol. 9, No 2. – P. 131-141. 35. Sin D.D., Anthonisen N.R., Soriano J.B. et al. Mortality in COPD: role of comorbidities // Eur. Respir. J. – 2006. – Vol. 28, No 6. – P. 1245-1257. 36. Wagena E.J., Arridell W.A., Wouters E.F.M. et al. Are patients with COPD psychologically distressed? // Eur. Respir. J. – 2005. – Vol. 26, No 2. – P. 242-248.


Skin wound care can be managed by different ways. Technological advances give us the chance to use a variety of products to meet the desired wound results, however wound care with large skin lesions takes time, patience and understanding to reach the right treatment. This text highlights current clinical practice to offer comprehensive wound management strategies.


Even if the notion of refractory epilepsy is difficult to define precisely, it is widely admitted that it corresponds to the failure of two or more drugs and occurrence of one or more seizures per month over 18 months. Approximately 30 to 35% of epileptic patients will experience refractory epileptic periods in their lifetime despite maximal antiepileptic medications or they will suffer from serious side effects of their medical treatments. Indeed neurosurgical resection procedures including cortectomies and temporal lobe surgeries may result in a dramatic improvement of seizure frequency in selected patients, but these procedures carry a non-negligible rate of potentially serious risks with a mortality rate reaching more than 3% in some centers. Another surgical option with less risks and reversible action for these patients is represented by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), mainly in those patients that are not candidates for a surgical resection. VNS consists in the chronic and intermittent stimulation of the tenth cranial nerve (vagus nerve) in its extracranial cervical segment. Even if the pathophysiology of VNS in the treatment of refractory epilepsy is not yet clearly understood, the procedure has shown its efficacy in terms of quality of life improvement since the end of the 1990's in many types of epilepsy. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved the technique in 1997 as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for adults and adolescents (more than 12 years). The VNS device has been developed by Cyberonics, Inc (Houston, TX). In this review, we describe the state of the art of VNS including technical considerations, possible mechanisms of action, main clinical studies and future trends.


Photograph of the Tom Lea house in El Paso, Texas. The one-story house has two entrances with columns supporting porch roofs, a second floor with the roof extending over the windows, and a brick foundation for landscaping in front of the building.


The stress distribution process in surrounding rock mass near excavation surface of typical cross-section in Jinping Ⅱ hydropower station drainage-hole during excavation was simulated using the FLAC3D numerical software.The characteristics of stress alteration in different depths of the surrounding rock and the potential rock burst energy source were analyzed by the key point stresses monitoring.Based on the hypothesis of rock mass stress release rate around the wall,the delay characteristic of the rock burst was researched from the angle of rock mass stress release rate.The results show that the major and minor principal stresses of the shallow surrounding rock reduce during excavation,and the rock mass in this region yields in stress-reduce way which is not easy to accumulate elastic strain energy.Surrounding rock mass of a certain distance from the tunnel wall yields in plastic way and accumulates considerable elastic strain energy,which becomes the rock burst energy source,while the rock yields,the energy releases,which affects the stability of shallow stress-reduce yield rock mass and eventually leads to rock burst.The deep rock mass which is in elastic state also accumulates great stain energy,aggravates the degree of rock burst and damage.The rock burst will not occur when the stress release is low;as the stress release rate gradually increases,the distribution of the elastic strain energy and plastic strain energy change and the risk of rock burst obviously increases;rock burst happens when stress release rate reaches 70%-80%.


Simple Summary Dry-aged beef naturally develops a crust of desirable fungi and bacteria over the aging process. However, this natural growth process is expensive and time-consuming. The process of direct fungal adhesion may accelerate aging and improve the flavor and fatty acid profile of dry-aged beef. We compared the fungal growth and meat quality of dry-aged beef inoculated by natural fungal adherence and dry-aged beef inoculated by direct application of fungi (direct adhesion) to assess the differences in appearance, volatile flavors, and fatty acid composition. After 26 days of aging, dry-aged beef that received direct fungal application exhibited increased surface mold, volatile compound intensity, and oleic acid composition compared with the dry-aged beef that did not receive direct inoculation. Thus, we report an improved method of manufacturing dry-aged beef with high quality that has the potential to enhance the "melt-in-the-mouth" feeling and flavors. Abstract Here, we established a method to produce dry-aged beef (DAB) by rub inoculation with fungal flora on the prepared DAB surface. Portions of Holstein steers' rumps were prepared by direct rub inoculation of fungal flora or without treatment (conventional DAB) and dry-aged for 26 days in an aging room at 2.9 °C and 90% relative humidity. We compared the fungal covering and meat quality, including fatty acid composition and volatile aromatic compounds, of fungal-inoculated DAB with those of the conventional DAB. The fungal-inoculated DAB was almost entirely covered with white mold, in contrast to the conventional DAB. Moreover, the proportion of oleic acid and the concentration of nine volatile compounds significantly increased in the raw meat of fungal-inoculated DAB compared with those in the conventional DAB (p < 0.05). These results suggested that direct rub inoculation of fungal flora from prepared DAB may accelerate DAB production and efficiently enhance the "melt-in-the-mouth" feeling and flavors of DAB.


One major limitation of single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is the finite residence time of diffusing molecules in the confocal detection volume. The time ranges in the order of milliseconds. This has typical size of femtoliter. Here, we present a concept of extending the residence time using nanochannels of ca. 60 nm x 60 nm cross-section to restrict the molecular motion. We use solid-state nanochannels of silicon and silicon dioxide. This work is aimed to use for dual-focus fluorescence detection combining Anti-Brownian ELectrophoretic or ABEL trap to actively trap single molecule.


The Technicon Hemalog automated hematology system is modified so that microsamples can be processed. This modification is accomplished by the use of a prediluted sample and by simple changes in the hydraulics and electronics systems of the Hemalog. This modification allows accurate determination of hemoglobin, leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, and platelet count on a sample size of 50 μ l. of whole blood, rather than the usual 1,300 μ l. Extensive studies demonstrated that the linearity, reproducibility and accuracy of the microsample system are such that useful results can readily be obtained. The problem of carryover is less than with the macrosample system because of the use of a prediluted sample. This modification expands the usefulness of the Hemalog and is especially appropriate in laboratories where large numbers of specimens from pediatric, geriatric, and critically ill patients are processed.


It is well-known that the bottleneck of Photovoltaic (PV) systems is the use of storage batteries and the area needed to install the system. The main idea in this work is to design a large PV system with almost zero cost of land needed for the installation, and without the need of batteries. The proposed PV system makes use of special areas of the Lebanese lands; the middle of high-ways which are usually left unoccupied without being exploited by any other business. This way, the traditional high cost of PV systems residing in the land and storage is eliminated. The fact that we do not need batteries in the proposed PV system results from the ability to connect the output power directly to the public utility grid. The design consists of 20,476 PV panels that cover the middle of the high-way extending from Tyre to Saida, with a distance of 27,300 meters and 2 meters wide. The resulting PV system has a capacity of 6.2 MW, and the total initial cost is ~8.845 M$, however, after 25 years (which is the proposed lifetime of the PV system) the project would generate a total of ~54.7 M$. Moreover, the PV system would provide net reduction of CO2 and GHG emissions of ~7,388 tCO2/year.


Endovenous ablation of great saphenous vein (GSV) has become the accepted standard of care for primary varicose veins due to GSV reflux. It is often being performed as a day care procedure, and increasing number of vascular surgeons are now practicing this technique. Depending on the training, operators perform the procedure under tumescent anesthesia, regional anesthesia, nerve blocks, or general anesthesia.


In December 2015, JAMA Surgery published the results of a prospective cohort study by Minneci and colleagues1 assessing the effectiveness of shared decision making for nonoperative management of 102 patients (median age, 12 years; range, 7-17 years) with uncomplicated acute appendicitis. At 1 year, nonoperative management (chosen by 37 patients/families) was successful, as defined by no intervention at 1 year in 28 children (75%), and was associated with fewer disability days and lower appendicitisrelated health care costs compared with children who underwent an operation (chosen by 65 patients/families). These findings corroborate a shorter-term nonrandomized clinical trial of the feasibility of nonoperative management for 30 children with uncomplicated appendicitis that had similar results.2 This study demonstrated nonoperative management was associated with fewer disability days, quicker return to school, and higher quality-of-life scores for both children and their parents at 30 days after surgery.2 The feasibility of treating some adult patients with appendicitis with antibiotics was demonstrated in the APPAC (Antibiotic Therapy vs Appendectomy for Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis) trial.3 APPAC was a randomized clinical trial involving 540 patients with uncomplicated appendicitis who either underwent appendectomy or were treated with antibiotics alone. JAMA SURGERY


An object of the present invention is to improve the degree of freedom of operation for the operating device. A game system includes a stationary game apparatus, and the operation device, and a portable display device. Portable display device includes a light emitting capable infrared emitting portion infrared. Operating system, the data representing the result of detection by the imaging unit, and the data representing the detection result of the inertial sensor, and transmits the operation data containing the data representing the operation to the operation button wirelessly to the game apparatus. Game device receives the operation data from the operation device and executes a game process based on the operation data. Further, the game apparatus generates compressed image data by sequentially compressing a first game image sequentially generated based on the game processing. Compressed image data is transmitted sequentially wirelessly to the portable display device. Portable display device, sequentially receives the compressed image data from the game device, to obtain a game image compressed image data sequentially stretched by, displaying the game images sequentially. .FIELD 1


In 1844 Verdeill reported that acid treatment of chlorophyll or haem yielded apparently similar red compounds; he even postulated that chlorophylls would contain iron. Hoppe-Seyler2 confirmed the apparent similarity of acid derivatives of haems and chlorophylls from their light absorption characteristics, a point rather overshadowing the discovery at the same time by McMunn3 of cytochromes, another group of haem proteins. It was the demonstration by Nencki and coworkers 45 that the degradation of both chlorophylls and haems yielded monopyrroles that led them, in true neo-Darwinian fashion, to postulate a common origin for animals and plants.


Inflammatory bowel disease is deregulation of the mucosal immune system, changes in the composition of gut micro
flora and deranged epithelial barrier function.Crohn's disease is associated with a Th1-type immune response with production
of TNF-?, interferon-gamma (IFN-?) and IL-12, whereas ulcerative colitis is associated with Th2 response with abundant IL-5
and IL-10. In a mouse model, Th1 cytokine responses resulted in the acute transmural and focal lesions; whereas Th2
cytokine responses resulted in diffuse atrophic changes in crypts and the mucosal layer. Animal models of inflammatory
bowel disease (1) Inducible colitis models: Exogenous colitogenic substance that disrupts the mucosal integrity(2) Gene
knockout (KO) models: Abnormalities in production of regulatory cytokines (3) Transgenic models: Mice deficient in a
transcription factor (4)Spontaneous colitis models: immunodeficient mouse strains created via gene targeting in embryonic
stem cells. (5)Adoptive transfer models: Selective transfer of certain cell types to immunocompromised host animals affected
by many immunological and genetic factors.


metaphor that fails to recognize that black women's geographies have always been present right in the middle of the mainstream, not only overlooked by others, but, like Brent watching the slave system from her garret in the roof of the house, forming their own perspectives on space and place. Chapter 3 starts from the heavy materiality of the slave auction block, and the architect Orvill Carroll's account of the Slave Auction Block at ''Green Hill'' Plantation. After establishing the role of the auction block as a site designed for the objectification and commoditization of black bodies in relation to white bodies, McKittrick explores the concept of scale, showing that the body and the block draw on and extend racial-sexual meanings to the plantation, the region, and the global slave economy. However, once again, the writer is at pains to show that this is a space that is also produced through black women's contestation, through the spoken threats of enslaved women at the time and through the creative re-imaginings of black women. Chapter 4 reflects on the famous historical story of Marie-Joseph Angelique, the Portuguese-born slave who was hanged for allegedly burning down most of Montreal, New France, in 1734. McKittrick explores the ''wonder'' that the revelation of a long-standing historical black presence invokes in Canada. Crucially, this sense of wonder is not only the reaction of white archivists like the one that McKittrick encounters, who have to be reminded ad nauseam of the evidence in their own archives that black people have always lived in Canada, but wonder is also the reaction of black Canadians to that disavowal, their official absence from the national space. It is at this point that the book most clearly deals with the question with which I began this review, because their wonder in relation to Canada is my wonder in relation to human geography. McKittrick recognizes that wonderFtheirs and mineFas a space of immanent critique that black people can inhabit as geographers, constantly exploring where/how the production of our ''absence'' is located within the nation and within the discipline, and refusing to ''settle'' for the journey toward the always unattained goal of a secure presence. She concludes tellingly that: ''To posit that a geographer, a black feminist geographer, has no destination in mind, is a reconceptualization of how geography might be practiced'' (p. 106). Having explored the ''geographies'' in human geography, in Chapter 5 McKittrick draws on Sylvia Winters' academic work to explore the ''human.'' Specifically, McKittrick extends Winters' critique of the construction of the category ''Man'' through colonial exploration, showing that place-based racialized inequalities have been built on the enduring association between the global presence of nonwhite people and of places deemed ''uninhabitable.'' Ultimately, she calls for a move beyond ''biocentric'' (p. 135) models of race and place to appreciate global connections and build a more specieswide sense of the human. This is an interesting analysis that aspires beyond racial hierarchies, but for me paradoxically this is the point at which the book's Americocentrism really jars. McKittrick does not draw on the work of African writers for example (nor does she set out to), and to try right at the last minute to build an analogy from African-American experience to include that of contemporary Africans (pp. 131–32) seems a rather shaky foundation for a more inclusive sense of the human. All in all, Demonic Grounds is a hugely important intervention that I hope will open doors within human geography to a range of black geographies/geographers. But be forewarned. From now on we won't just be making a difference at the margins; we'll be unpacking absence at the center!


Among the various photoanode materials investigated for photoelectrochemical water splitting cells, TiO2 stands out due to its abundance, stability, and favorable valence band edge for water oxidation. In this study, the importance of introducing and combining oxygen and titanium vacancy point defects in anatase TiO2 photoanodes to improve their performance is unveiled, achieving a photocurrent density of 0.73 (±0.015) mA cm−2 at +1.23 VRHE under 100 mW cm−2 of simulated sunlight or 26.4 mA cm−2 at +1.23 VRHE under 100 mW cm−2 of 365 nm light. The characterization by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface photovoltage, and electron paramagnetic resonance demonstrates that these oxygen and titanium vacancies can have both collective and localized positive effects on the material, leading to a narrowing of the bandgap, an increase in donor density, and an increase in hydroxyl groups on the surface of TiO2. These result in enhanced light absorption, conductivity, and photovoltage, as well as a more negative flat‐band potential and increase in hole flux to the semiconductor–electrolyte interface. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of point defects in modulating the properties of TiO2 and have important implications for the development of high‐performance TiO2‐based devices.


Questions of identity—or more appropriately of identities—are at the core of much of Jackie Kay's writing, and are often intimately linked to the writer's personal experience of being Scottish, Black and adopted. The expression of this multiplicity necessarily implies the question of belonging, and also in the particular case of Jackie Kay, of a painful recognition of not belonging, of the refusal of others to acknowledge her Scottish identity due to the colour of her skin.The aim of this paper is to analyse how this writer comes to terms with such questions, and more significantly, how the theme of return—be it real or imaginary—to her African origins is expressed in her work. In order to achieve this aim, it focuses on a selection of Kay's poetry and prose which is representative of preoccupations with themes of belonging and estrangement within the context of both Scotland and Africa, for example, The Adoption Papers (1991), Off Colour (1998), or Life Mask (2005). Kay's epic poem The Lamplighter (2007), a portrayal of Britain's involvement in the slave trade through the experience of four women, is also dealt with in this context.


Several drugs were evaluated for their optimal effective concentrations against specific odontopathic organisms. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for niddamycin, vancomycin, and bacitracin ranged from 0.2 to 10 units/ml. Kanamycin was inhibitory at much higher concentrations (130 to 500 units/ml).


Fruits of 8 Egyptian pomegranate cultivars grown in Upper Egypt, namely Asuity, Asuity beshoka, Asuity morkub, Manfalouty, Nab El-Gamal, Melasy, Sukkary and Maghal were compared for their nutritional status, fruit quality and volatile compounds. Obtained results showed that Asuity cv. had pronounced concentrations of P, Ca, Fe and Mn in peels. Besides its significant progress concentrations of Fe and Mn in leaves as well as recorded the highest significant concentration of K in grains than other cultivars. Meanwhile, Manfalouty cv. had significant progress concentrations of P and K in leaves. Moreover Maghal cv. superiority concentrations of N, K and Mn in peel as well as Ca concentration in grain than other cultivars. Concerning fruit quality, the total soluble solids values varied from 14.6 to 16.3%, pH from 2.8 to 4.0, total acidity from 0.8 to 4.0% and total anthocyanins contents from 4.7 to 42.3 mg/100 ml. The highest value of total


Abstract Sesbania aculeata is a multipurpose legume crop grown primarily for green manuring in the rice-based cropping system. Besides this, it is an industrial crop and is also used as food in many parts of the world. The present work reports for optimization of various parameters (growth medium, plant growth regulators, pre-conditioning, orientation of explant, and presence of thiol compounds) affecting in vitro regeneration using mature cotyledon explants. The 5-day-old mature cotyledon explants excised from seedlings grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and Gamborg (B5) vitamins medium containing 15 μM 6-benzylaminopurine were cultured with its adaxial side facing on medium containing 2.5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine and 50 mg/L thiourea and produced multiple shoots (7 ‒ 8) in 100% cultures within 28 days. Healthy shoots were rooted on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and full-strength vitamins medium augmented with 2.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid.


The formation and propagation of high-density compression waves, e.g. Mach shock waves, in cold nuclear matter is studied by simulating high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions of Ne with U in the energy range from E_lab = 0.5 AGeV to 20 AGeV. In an ideal hydrodynamic approach, the high-density shock wave created by the small Ne nucleus passing through the heavy U nucleus is followed by a slower and more dilute Mach shock wave which causes conical emission of particles at the Mach cone angle. The conical emission originates from low-density regions with a small flow velocity comparable to the speed of sound. Moreover, it is shown that the angular distributions of emitted baryons clearly distinguish between a hydrodynamic approach and binary cascade processes used in the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport model.


As in other countries, Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman has become a popular text in the Turkish theater, as well as being taught on many university courses in American Literature. It has received at least twelve productions in Ankara and Istanbul; and has been translated at least twice – the first appearing in 1952 under the title Saticinin Olumu, published by the Ministry of Education and translated by Orhan Burian, a major figure in Turkish translation who was responsible for bringing m...


Increasing CO emissions particularly from urban traffic are a continued concern for building standards and regulations. Researchers have attempted to address this problem by using CFD simulation to simulate the pollution dispersion in an area. Simulation results help policy makers create best solutions. However, much of this valuable research underestimates the impact of building height on street level pollution distribution, particularly in very high buildings (more than 100 m). This paper reports results from one extremely tall building (250 m) case in a high density urban area that exhibits a counterintuitive distribution of pollution. Using a coupled natural ventilation model, 3D incompressible turbulent flow and mass transfer problems of the skyscraper is solved with SST k- turbulent model in ANSYS Fluent. Openings are created on the exterior walls of the target building. Findings show that indoor air speed increases with increased outdoor wind speed with high speeds observed near openings. Additionally, CO does not flow into the skyscraper due to pressure distribution. These results suggest the need to continue exploring how building height and building surroundings may influence pollution distribution in urban areas.


To study boundary layers in the transitional Reynolds number regime, the useful spanwise and streamwise extent of wind tunnels is often limited by turbulent fluid emanating from the side walls. Some or all of the turbulent fluid can be removed by sucking fluid out at the corners, as suggested by Amini. It is shown that by optimizing the suction slot width, the side wall contamination can be dramatically decreased without a concomitant three-dimensional distortion of the laminar boundary layer.


We describe segmentation based on textures using the label and image model of D. Geman et al. We replace their maximum a posteriori estimation criteria with a Bayesian estimator that minimizes the sum of the pixel misclassification probabilities. The new estimation goal allows the use of a different computational algorithm based on approximating lattices by trees. An example demonstrating an accurate segmentation of a collage of Brodatz textures is included.


The field of oculofacial surgery is broad, encompassing cosmetic and functional eyelid and facial surgery, nasolacrimal surgery, as well as surgery of the orbit and anophthalmic socket. Although the clinical and surgical challenges facing oculofacial surgeons have not changed significantly in the recent past, a variety of new techniques and approaches have evolved and are worthwhile to review.


This research advances our understanding of what constitutes a "good parent" in the course of actual social interaction. Examining video-recorded naturally occurring parent–teacher conferences, this article shows that, while teachers deliver student-praising utterances, parents may display that they are gaining knowledge; but when teachers' actions adumbrate student-criticizing utterances, parents systematically display prior knowledge. This article elucidates the details of how teachers and parents tacitly collaborate to enable parents to express student-troubles first, demonstrating that parents display competence—appropriate involvement with children's schooling—by asserting their prior knowledge of, and/or claiming/describing their efforts to remedy, student-troubles. People (have to) display competence generically in interaction. By explicating how parents display competence, this article offers insights for several areas of communication research.


The primary result of our experiment revealed that the germination percentage of N. oleander mature seeds is only 30%. From this observation, the concept of protocol standardization for zygotic embryo culture of this plant was originated. Zygotic embryo culture was proved an efficient in vitro multiplication system of N. oleander. The maximum germination percentage (96%) of zygotic embryos was observed on ¼ MS medium with 15 gm/L sucrose, whereas the best growth medium was optimized as ½ B5 with same sucrose concentration. The second part of this study was aimed to find out the cardiac glycoside accumulation pattern in both in vitro and acclimatized plants. For this purpose, one-month-old in vitro plantlets and acclimatized plants were subjected to LC-MS analysis and 09 cardiac glycosides were detected and quantified in both the systems. Most of the cardiac glycosides including odoroside A (32.71 mg/gm DW), odoroside H (4.69 mg/gm DW) and oleandrin (0.52 mg/gm DW) were found to be accumulated at maximum level within in vitro plantlets. CG 840b (1.89 mg/gm DW) is the only cardiac glycoside, which was maximally accumulated in acclimatized plants. From this study, it can be concluded that, zygotic embryo culture is a better choice for in vitro multiplication of N. oleander when compared to matured seeds and in vitro grown plantlets of this species favor cardiac glycosides biosynthesis in comparison to acclimatized plants. Therefore, all future research on the enrichment of cardiac glycosides from this plant may be conducted on zygotic embryos derived in vitro grown plantlets or cultures.


The paper is devoted to the study of the development of the digital economy, its essence and changes that occur in society in connection with digitalization. The influence of the digitalization process on the legal sphere is investigated; some issues of the interaction of law and the digital economy are highlighted. It is noted that the digital economy predetermines the transformation of the whole legal system. The paper describes the models of statutory legal regulation of relations in the digital economy in the developed countries of the world. The study analyzes the stages of the legal provision of the digital economy in Ukraine. It is noted that digitalization began to be discussed in a qualitatively new way at the state level in 2019 after the election of a new President of Ukraine and the renewal of the composition of the parliament based on the election results. The digital economy requires proper legal regulation, which should be ensured by the adoption of appropriate unified law and, based on it, a set of flexible regulatory acts aimed at regulating certain legal relations associated with the use of artificial intelligence, responsibility for offenses in the information field, the use of robots in labor and issues of responsibility for harm caused by them, etc.


We recently met with a bad domestic and overseas situation economically. The long and constructional economic slump brought about the unemployment of the youth and the men in the prime of life. Also our government is planning to give a chance of honor retirement or a change in employment and labor market, which brought from the change of paradigm in employment and labor market such as mass honor-retirement caused by reconstruction, security of pliable safety in a labor market, lifestyle changes caused by five-day work, new labor and management culture and its korean style development, welfare for the old in an aging society, an introduction of salary peak system as the alternative of early retirement, retirement insurance system as the alternative of an existing wage system, and advanced way for a law and system related to labor and management relation. Nowadays, an employment policy is carried out as an important part of an economic policy. This measure and law related to it appeared by rapid economic growth. They are executed by social requirement of working power-guarantee and distribution. However, our government has used them as a control device for a labor market under the name of a neutralizing measure of working power flexibility instead of the guarantee of social security or the right to live, so the workers may meet with the situation of unemployment. Therefore, employment insurance system is emphasized as a device to prevent unemployment and relieve unemployed people. Also, this system is taking a role as a comprehensive relief measure for the unemployed, which can not but appear in a democratic society, and a social safety net. Its unemployment compensation is limitedly executed under a strict supply-and -demand condition. But true employment insurance system is an active labor-market policy to focus on employment-information offer like prevention of unemployment or employment promotion, employment security works as volunteer system of enterprise reconstruction, and vocational capacity development education & training for profession man-power development of workers and these projects are carried out cooperatively and planned under the system. That is, unemployment insurance is a subsequent and passive one which support the unemployed's livelihood but, in addition to it, employment insurance system is a prior and active social security net and an unemployed or man-power policy which promote the unemployed to have a job again, prevent workers from losing their jobs, train them, reconstruct the existing labor market, and guarantee female employment security. The latest executed employment insurance system among our social insurance ones sensitively reacted to problems but it was usually a short countermeasure. Now, on the basis of the experience of the last 8 years, it is time to strive for long range plan of solutions for unemployment. Therefore, this paper tries to investigate significance, problems caused in operation and solutions of this system, social safety net as a relief measure for the unemployed.


DyeLIF™ is a new version of laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) for high‐resolution three‐dimensional subsurface mapping of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in the subsurface. DyeLIF eliminates the requirement that the NAPL contains native fluorophores (such as those that occur in compounds like polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) and can therefore be used to detect chlorinated solvents and other nonfluorescing NAPLs that had previously been undetectable with conventional LIF tools. With DyeLIF, an aqueous solution of water and nontoxic hydrophobic dye is continuously injected ahead of the sapphire detection window while the LIF probe is being advanced in the subsurface. If soil containing NAPL is penetrated, the injected dye solvates into the NAPL within a few milliseconds, creating strong fluorescence that is transmitted via fiber‐optic filaments to aboveground optical sensors. A detailed field evaluation of the novel DyeLIF technology was performed at a contaminated industrial site in Lowell, Massachusetts, USA where chlorinated solvent dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) persists below the water table in sandy sediments. Continuously cored boreholes were drilled adjacent to 5 of 30 DyeLIF probes that were advanced at that site. The cores were subsampled in high resolution to generate discrete‐depth soil samples as splits at the same depths where DNAPL was detected in the colocated DyeLIF probes. The cores were analyzed above ground using (1) colorimetric screening using hydrophobic dye tests, (2) laboratory extraction and quantitative chemical analysis, (3) "Benchtop" DyeLIF, and (4) volumetric moisture content. Correlation between DyeLIF and aboveground analyses of the soil cores was excellent: 98% agreement with positive DNAPL detections in samples where DNAPL pore saturations were >0.7% (based on quantitative soil analyses) and the ex situ tests. DyeLIF produced the equivalent of one aboveground colorimetric dye test every 0.2 inch (0.5 cm) of probing. With average daily probing of 395 linear feet (120.4 m), this was the equivalent of 12,039 discrete‐depth colorimetric dye tests/day. Because DyeLIF is an in situ measurement, there are no issues with soil core recovery like there would be for conventional ex situ colorimetric dye tests and 100% characterization of the probed intervals is achieved. Tracking the injection rate and pressure of the dye solution provides simultaneous data regarding relative soil permeability, similar to other direct push (DP) hydraulic profiling tools. Conventional LIF is considered the premier DP tool to identify and map NAPL containing PAHs in the subsurface or confirm its absence. While chlorinated solvent DNAPLs at some field sites contain impurities (e.g., solvated greases or oils) that make them detectable with conventional LIF techniques, at other sites, the DNAPL cannot be detected with conventional LIF. At such sites, the injection of a hydrophobic dye ahead of the sapphire window with the DyeLIF system now makes the LIF technology applicable to the many types of NAPLs that were previously invisible using conventional LIF techniques.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming increasingly important for traffic monitoring, medical treatment and other industrial applications. With the continuous development of the IoT, more and more "things" will be able to access to the IoT. Considering a large number of heterogeneous "things", how to provide a unified access mechanism to the IoT is a fundamental and key issue. In this paper, we propose a novel IoT access architecture based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and system on chip (SoC), which can provide a unified access to the IoT for a wide variety of low-speed and high-speed devices with associated extendibility and configurability. We have adopted IEEE1451.2 standard for this design and applied the proposed design to vehicle monitoring system. The results indicate that the system can provide good performance in practical application.


The author emphasizes a specific method for the development of visual perception, which is considered one of the most effective in the artistic-plastic education of students, especially for the training and development of visual perception skills through own painting creations, such as plein-air. It marks milestones for a correct and efficient reception of the environment rendered on the surface of the painting/canvas directly in the bosom of nature. Applying pictorial techniques and technologies, students/learners acquire the most important structures and models of the artistic picture of nature, familiarize themselves with the perceptual-visual and aesthetic system; begins to form and establish attitudes and relationships with the world/environment, which he can reproduce in his own vision.


In this paper, a cable-driven haptic interface able to move in the six-dimensional space, suitable for applications in various robotic scenarios is presented. The device takes advantage of four force-controlled twisted string actuators to generate a linear force along the three Cartesian space dimensions while providing a considerable force-weight ratio and low inertia. The system consists of a frame fixed to the ground, where the twisted string actuation modules are arranged, and by a mechanical interface devoted to the physical connection of the actuators with the forearm of the human operator. This mechanical interface allows to secure the forearm of the user while leaving to her/him the freedom to use the hand to accomplish other tasks, such as teleoperating a robotic gripper. The four twisted string actuators allow to control the three linear DoF of the haptic interface, allowing both Cartesian position and a force regulation. Both the design, the simulation and the preliminary implementation of the haptic interface are presented in this work.


Most forms of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) are created by reentry between 2 (or more) atrial connections to the AV node. There is a high prevalence of drug-induced type 1 Brugada ECG pattern (DI-Type1-BrP) among patients with AVNRT. Atrial vulnerability and structural remodeling that leads to reentrant circuits in AVNRT is largely unknown. PA-TDI interval assessed by tissue Doppler imaging is a useful technique to determine total atrial conduction time (TACT) which reflects atrial remodeling and arrhythmic substrate.

 In this prospective study, we aimed to assess TACT in patients with AVNRT with and without DI-Type1-BrP and control subjects.

 Study population consisted of 62 consecutive patients (age 44 ± 12 years; 74% women) undergoing electrophysiological study and ablation for symptomatic, drug-resistant AVNRT and 42 age and sex matched control subjects. All patients and control subjects underwent ajmaline challenge test and tissue Doppler imaging.

 A DI-Type1-BrP was uncovered in 24 of 62 patients with AVNRT (38.7%). PA-TDI interval was longer in patients with AVNRT with or without DI-Type1-BrP compared to control subjects (124 ± 12 ms vs 119 ± 14 ms vs 105 ± 11 ms; P < 0.001, respectively). PA-TDI interval was similar in patients with AVNRT with or without DI-Type1-BrP (124 ± 12 ms vs 119 ± 14 ms; P = NS, respectively). PA-TDI interval was significantly correlated with P-wave duration on the surface ECG (r = 0.23; P = 0.02). Left atrial volume index and left atrial phasic functions were similar in patients with AVNRT with or without DI-Type1-BrP and control subjects.

 TACT is prolonged in patients with AVNRT. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying factor(s) such as DI-Type1-BrP that leads to prolonged atrial conduction time.


Problem. Prereferral intervention has been implemented in many schools across the country as one systemic solution to concerns about special education prevalence rates. This study analyzed change in special education prevalence rates in Connecticut schools participating in the Early Intervention Project (EIP) as compared to Connecticut schools not participating in the project. The project incorporates a building-based team using a problem-solving approach to provide prompt and sustained support to classroom teachers who request assistance in working with students who are at risk of referral for special education. Method. The research design consisted of a comparison of special education prevalence change rates. Prevalence change rate was the dependent variable. The principle independent variable was participation in the Connecticut Early Intervention Project (EIP) by a school, using the designations "EIP'" school and "non-EIP" school. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to determine if there were significantly different special education prevalence change rates. Additional analyses were conducted on EIP schools using two attribute independent variables, race/ethnicity and Connecticut's education reference groups (ERGs), on which one-way analyses of variance were also performed. After finding the main effect, a third attribute independent variable, initial year of EIP participation, was used. The data were more closely examined through two additional comparisons, calculation of the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient and a one-way analysis of variance. Analyses were conducted at the school level. There were 864 public schools across 169 districts in Connecticut. Results. The mean special education prevalence change rates between schools participating in EIP and non-EIP schools were found to differ significantly, F (1,862) = 4.876, p < .05. There was also a significant difference in the special education prevalence change rates between ERGs in EIP schools, F (8,149) = 3.385, p < .05. Conclusions. The results support the use of the EIP model in Connecticut. This prereferral intervention model and the subsequent instructional and behavioral strategies associated with it can be expected to reduce the rate of referral for possible special education placement, thus lowering the special education prevalence rate.


wide network of airways brings highly diverse cultures into close association; automatic processes are producing factories with fewer workers; miraculous medical advances which lengthen life are changing the proportions of the age groups in the population; the harnessing of atomic power is betao alter our practices in the use of energy; and the awesome power of thermonuclear weapons is threatening the existence of civilization.


A two-side obstacle problem in R~n is an important type of variationalinequalities, which can be generated by discrete mathematical and physical problemsor some other practical models directly. Consider a two-side obstacle problem. Let f=Ax-q, . We want to find a vector x in K such that


The article considers the problem of measuring the growth potential of the defense-oriented sector. It proposes a system for estimating growth potential on the basis of indicators systematized by management functions and activities of an enterprise, influencing not only the financial and production factors of enterprise development, but also the personnel (human capital) of the company, including the advanced training of personnel. It is of great importance in the modern economic environment given the evolution of knowledge economy.


To identify a serum prolactin (PRL) cut‐off value indicative of a PRL‐producing adenoma in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hyperprolactinaemia and characterize such patients.


Optimizing spacecraft attitude determination systems that use onboard star trackers requires analysis and evaluation of some probabilistic aspects of system design. This paper discusses methods of constructing or compiling optimum star catalogs, which are defined as uniform distributions on a sphere. Both local and global measures of uniformity on a sphere are defined. Application of these methods and measures to a specific problem is also discussed. In addition, Poisson models of star tracker acquisition probabilities are formulated to provide a useful analytical basis for designing and optimizing attitude determination systems. These analytical models and methods lead to rapid and realistic quantitative results and should therefore facilitate making system performance trades. The use of such methods should also reduce the need for performing tedious computer simulations to obtain analogous results. TTITUDE determination of both Earth-orbiting satel- lites, as well as planetary spacecraft, can be performed autonomously using one or more onboard star trackers. An essential part of such an attitude determination system is the onboard star catalog, and the performance of the attitude determination system is closely linked to the characteristics of this catalog. In particular, the total number of stars in the catalog and their spatial distribution largely determine the probability of a given number of stars appearing in a tracker's field of view (FOV); this includes the possibility of there being zero stars from the catalog in the FOV. The purpose of this paper is to apply some analytic methods of probability theory to the following problems: generating optimum star catalogs of any given size and, given such a catalog, evaluating some of the characteristics of the star cata- log/star tracker interaction that are of particular interest when designing attitude determination systems. Evaluating such characteristics will entail some analytical modeling. We shall formulate some simple analytical models that lead to excellent estimates of such quantities as star acquisition probabilities as a function of the number of stars in the catalog, number of operating star trackers, and size of the FOV. Another kind of performance parameter that can be analytically estimated is the duration of intervals during which none of the stars in the catalog appears in a star tracker's FOV. These analytical mod- els should be useful for quantitatively evaluating design and performance trades involving these variables, and for star tracker system engineering in general. Their use may obviate doing tedious computer simulations to obtain quantitative esti- mates of such parameters. Although some related efforts have been reported,1 such efforts have focused more strongly on star tracker hardware than analytical aspects of performance.


KIA-LOK YEN. IF ANYTHING is unthinkable, unbelievable, and even ridiculous, it is China's becoming a republic, the Occidental often declares to his Oriental acquaintance. China, he is likely to add, ruled over for four thousand years by an absolute, despotic government, with her archaic families, each under an absolute patriarch, her fixed class system, which allows no one to rise above the class into which he is born, her people uneducated, void of individual character, and having no capacity for co-operative enterprises, her ruling class caring for nothing but bribery and graft, her superstitious ideas and her heathen philosophyhow could she be fit for a democratic form of government? Yet a republic has come into existence in China. A fact is a fact, and there must be some reason for it, obscure though it may be. It is the purpose of this article to point out some of the social, industrial, economic, and political institutions which seem to have favored the organization of a democratic government. These may in part account not only for what China has accomplished up to the present, but also for what she may accomplish in the future.


This paper describes a method to optimize the performance of data paths. It is based on bit-level arithmetic transmutations, and is especially suited to optimize large adder structures inside these data paths. The multi-operand adders are identified at the bit level and the addition parts are merged even across operator boundaries. Area and delay optimizations use CSD coding and timing-driven transformations, including bit-slice adder trees and logarithmic addition. The method forms a link between data path optimizations at the word level and logic synthesis techniques at the bit level. Experiments show that starting from a very simple description of an N/spl times/N multiplier an O(log N) delay is obtained with very low run times.


This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of polymorphism of BMP7 gene on growth and body composition traits in broiler chickens. The 6th,8th and 10th generation broiler population,derived from the Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content,AA broiler random population and several local breeds were used. The results showed that there was a SNP on CDS (c.567CT) of BMP7 gene. Association analysis indicated that the SNP was significantly associated with metatarsal bone length (P0.01) in fat line of the 8th generation and with proventriculus weight,percentage of proventriculus,chest width,macropectoral muscle weight (P0.05) and femur weight (P0.01) in fat line of the 10th generation. Therefore,BMP7 gene might be one of the genes with an important effect on the skeletogenesis traits in broiler chickens.


The purpose of this paper is to integrate quality management system, corporate social responsibility guidelines, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, blockchain related documents and qualitative interview results from Hong Kong and Slovakia to design a set of social inclusive quality indicators within the context of the higher education sector. Three levels for social inclusive quality indicators in relation to blockchain content distribution technology in HE have been identified: governance with transparency, trust building with the sustainable community in needs fulfilment; industry innovations with risk and security audit mechanism. The contribution of this paper is to raise awareness of educators, industry practitioners and policy makers about the importance of social inclusion in blockchain technology. This study fills the gap through integrating system thinking, humanistic thinking and proactive thinking in the higher education context.


This dataset covers federal disbursements related to 222 Indian land cessions made within the area ringed by the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 between 1804 and 1970. The payments cover the period from 1804 to 2012. The information is presented in five tables that categorize different types of disbursements (i.e. original payments on treaties and various types of courts awards and settlements). The data was collected for, and is further described, analyzed, and referred to, in Robert Lee, "Accounting tor Conquest: The Price of the Louisiana Purchase of Indian Country," The Journal of American History (March 2017).


The possibility to predict the basic performance of the students is very necessary to enhance their training skills. It has become a beneficial statistics that may be used for quite a number purposes. This paper encloses the advantage of documents mining techniques to predict the final grades of students especially based on their necessary total data. In the practical studies, three data mining techniques had been working on two academic datasets associated to arithmetic lesson and Portuguese language lesson. The outcomes validated the success of data mining getting to be aware of the techniques all through the prediction of student's performances. Performing the prediction of scholar's performance grew to become an important wish in many of the schools and institutes. The needed command to assist the risk of the students and provide guarantee to their maintenance, as long as the first class tutoring assets and knowledge , and enhancing the institute's rating and popularity. But, which will be hard to execute for beginning to medium institute, in particular those who are limited in graduation and publish graduating programs, and they may have less number of students' data for processing. So, the most purpose of the estimate is to point out the chance of coaching and modelling the dataset of small dimension and achievable of developing a template of prediction with reliable perfection outcome rate. The lookup search out of the key indications within the less number of dataset, it can be utilized in developing the forecast model, the usage of schematic and grouping algorithms. The first class symptoms had been needed into a numerous algorithms to think about the foremost correct model. With the chosen algorithms, the outcomes showed the capacity of grouping algorithm in deciding key symptoms in less number of datasets.


Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes pulmonary vascular remodelling and can develop pulmonary hypertension (PH), resulting in a poorer prognosis. We hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in PH secondary to IPF enhance pro-fibrotic signals in the fibrotic lung and thereby actively contribute to the progression of interstitial fibrosis. Methods: The fibrosis model using adenoviral vector coding active TGF-I²1 was established by our group, and it induces persistent pulmonary fibrosis as well as substantial PH without much inflammation, different from bleomycin. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) were sorted from rat lungs using flow cytometry. Primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured from rat lungs. Results: The number of ECs was decreased in the fibrotic lung. VSMCs from remodeled pulmonary arteries (fVSMCs) had increased abilities to migrate, invade, and proliferate. Co-culture rat fibroblasts with fVSMCs induced fibrotic phenotype in fibroblasts. Conditioned media from fVSMCs also induced fibrotic phenotype in fibroblasts. The levels of Bmpr2 and its signaling, crucial for maintaining the viability of ECs and inhibition of VSMC proliferation, were decreased in ECs and VSMCs from the fibrotic lung. While the level of Ctgf, a key fibrogenic molecule that affects several signaling including Tgfb and Bmp, was increased. Administration of Tacrolimus to activate Bmpr2 signaling attenuated lung fibrosis as well as PH in rats. Conclusions: Endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in PH secondary to pulmonary fibrosis enhance pro-fibrotic effects in the fibrotic lung through Bmpr2 and Ctgf signaling.


The D-A-CH geoid project was initiated in 2017 between the national mapping agencies of Germany (BKG), Austria (BEV) and Switzerland (swisstopo), as well as the regional authorities of the German federal states of Bavaria (LDBV) and Baden-Württemberg (LGL), with the motivation to better harmonize the basis for height determination.

In these countries, the official national height reference systems that are still in use apply different definitions of the height and the zero levels refer to different tide gauges and epochs. Additionally, the treatment of the permanent tide is not fully consistent. This causes differences at the decimeter scale which also vary along the national borders. At the same time, Austria and Switzerland do compute and store also EVRS-compatible geopotential numbers that are valuable for height system unification.

The ambitions of the initiative therefore mirror the situation as described above ‒ to foster and to intensify the cooperation between the partners regarding regional gravity field modeling and to provide better information about the transformations between the national height systems.

It was agreed that the cooperation should first focus on a case study area around Lake Constance, with envisaged extension to the complete territories of the “D-A-CH countries” and/or, ideally, to the most of the European Alps. The following achievements have been reached for the focus area:

In view of these developments, and taking into account that these challenges are not unique for this specific area, it is planned to extend this initiative to the computation of the entire European Alps (and surrounding lowland areas) and rename the project to “European Alps Geoid (EAlpG)”.

We believe that this project can contribute to a better understanding of height differences across borders. Such height differences are for instance of great interest for ground water level investigations or flood protection. Other crucial applications for cross-border height unification are engineering projects such as tunnels, bridges, supply lines, etc.

What is more, these activities shall be embedded in a pan-European geoid initiative within EUREF. Contributing to the upcoming EUREF Working Group “European Height Reference Surface”, the European Alps Geoid will be one of many cornerstones to build an official EVRS height reference surface.

Potential cooperation partners have been contacted. Nevertheless, the initiative shall be open to interested parties. A virtual meeting is planned to be held shortly after the vEGU2021.


Major complications with respect to the development of gene therapy treatments for hemophilia A include low factor VIII (fVIII) expression and humoral immune responses resulting in inhibitory anti‐fVIII antibodies. We previously achieved sustained curative fVIII activity levels in hemophilia A mice after nonmyeloablative transplantation of genetically‐modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) encoding a B‐domain deleted porcine fVIII (BDDpfVIII) transgene with no evidence of an immune response.


One of the first steps during evaluation of terrestrial LIDAR measurement is the co-registration of the data sets, which are collected from different stations and their transformation to a suitable reference coordinate system. As it is demonstrated within the paper, this can be achieved automatically, if low-cost components are used for direct georeferencing parallel to LIDAR measurement. By these means the position and orientation of the laser scanner can be determined. Further refinement is feasible, if the terrestrial scans are aligned to a DEM from airborne LIDAR or existing 3D building models. Frequently, terrestrial lasers scanning (TLS) is used to collect building facades at a large amount of geometric detail. For this type of application, the integration of existing 3D building models from airborne data collection as complimentary data source is especially suitable for the modeling step. Due to viewpoint restrictions of airborne data collection, the amount of detail, which is available for the building facades, is very limited. Thus, after alignment, the terrestrial scans are ideally suited to refine these models. However, as it is demonstrated in the second part of the paper, the large effort required for explicit modeling can be avoided if so-called LASERMAPs are extracted from TLS and mapped against the coarse 3D building model.


Optic fibers are applied in the field of high speed photography more and more, for its good properties. At present, various new-style fibers come out, and these new-style optic fibers' core material are not based on pure quartz traditionally. To know the new-style fibers' properties quantitatively, thermal-optic coefficient is indispensable to get. Therefore this article describes a new way to measure fibers' thermal-optic coefficient based on optical fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensor. With a temperature referrence grating and a measuremental grating, experimental system is developed, combined with the characteristics of fiber Bragg grating. Experimental setup and measurement principle are discussed. The result of experiment proves that the system can solve the existent cross sensitive problem which caused by temperature and the strain effectively. The fibers' thermal-optic coefficient are measured successfully, within ±1%.


The present invention relates to methods and compositions to counter the side effects of analgesic treatments with opioids such as morphine. Provided are novel treatment regimes comprising the administration of mitragynine for the prevention, reversal and/or delay of the progression and/or development of a tolerance of a subject against the pharmaceutical effects of an opiate. Also comprised by the present invention are therapeutic means for the treatment of severe or chronic pain using a combination of mitragynine and opiates, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention.


Pay-for-performance medicine will, eventually judge--and pay--clinicians by the percentage of patients who fill their medications and are adherent to therapies.


The results of coal sink and float tests are plotted as washability curves. Analysis of these curves indicates the most effective method by which the coal can be cleaned. Sink and float experiments are sampling-dependent, destructive, and use toxic chemicals. The present research introduces an alternative method based on a 3D imaging system called RhoVol, in which the density of individual particles is determined from mass and volume measurements. A quantitative error analysis was conducted on coal sample density measurements obtained by RhoVol, and the main factors influencing the errors identified and investigated. The results show that the drawback of this technique is related to its not being able to detect hidden concavities in the particle, resulting in an overestimation of particle volume. Furthermore, it is difficult to capture the impact of porosity and cracks on the volume of coal particles obtained from 3D silhouette images. This mismatch between the RhoVol data and sink and float test results has led to attempts to apply neural network (NN) and linear regression techniques to produce a fully reliable model for correction and estimation of coal density. The NN approach offers superior predictive capability over linear regression, and the estimated density distribution is in line with the sink and float analysis. The root mean square error in estimation of density using the NN model was less than 0.05 g/cm3.


The Late Han,Wei,Jin and South and North Dynasties is a historical period of frequent regime changes and continuous natural disasters,when the problem of death is obvious.There are many trends of thought,such as carpe diem,making great contributions,complying with nature,living for ever,rebirth in hell and so on,which are closely related with the social reality of all-pervasive death,the instinct of escaping death and pursuit of immortality and heavy psychological pressure.


The present sheep population is estimated at 11 million and predominant breeds are Corriedale, Polwarth, and Merino, which represent 66, 12 and 11 per cent of the national sheep flock, respectively (Table 1). These breeds can be defined multiple purpose in the sense that generate income from the sale of wool and sheep meat (surplus offspring and cast for age animals), forcing breeders to consider several traits in their selection programmes.


The present invention relates to an olefin polymerization and copolymerization catalyst or catalyst system, the catalyst synthesis method and its application in the catalytic polymerization of olefins. The catalyst is a kind of group III to eleventh group transition metals novel polydentate ligand complexes, the following structural formula.


This paper concerns a variational representation formula for Wiener functionals. Let B = { B t } t ≥ 0 be a standard d -dimensional Brownian motion. Boué and Dupuis (1998) showed that, for any bounded measurable functional F ( B ) of B up to time 1 , the expectation E (cid:104) e F ( B ) (cid:105) admits a variational representation in terms of drifted Brownian motions. In this paper, with a slight modification of insightful reasoning by Lehec (2013) allowing also F ( B ) to be a functional of B over the whole time interval, we prove that the Boué–Dupuis formula holds true provided that both e F ( B ) and F ( B ) are integrable, relaxing conditions in earlier works. We also show that the formula implies the exponential hypercontractivity of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup in R d , and hence, due to their equivalence, implies the logarithmic Sobolev inequality in the d -dimensional Gaussian space.


Revenue-Sharing (RS) contract is a kind of mechanism to improve the performance or to achieve the perfect coordination of supply chain (SC). In view of the fact that an one- supplier one-retailer supply chain faces stochastic effort and price-dependent demand, a model of the revenue-sharing contract is established. The paper shows: whether the retailer or the supplier bears the cost of effort alone, RS contract can not coordinate SC; only when the retailer and the supplier both bear the cost of effort, can RS contract coordinate SC. The share that both sides bear the cost of effort is precisely equal to the share that the retailer gives his revenue to the supplier.


With the β-diketone as raw material,using organically ligand β-diketone Eu2+,Dy3+ in the SrAl2O4 light power formed coordinating bond,and papered surface coated β-diketone(SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+) phosphor power.By mixing the coated phosphor powder with polyvinyl chloride(PVC),prepared light plastic.The fluorescent spectra showed the luminous strength of coated phosphor powder in PVC was almost not affected.


It is shown that Hamilton's principle of classical mechanics can be derived from the relativistic invariance of the generalized spacetime Fisher information corresponding to the statistical description of results of measurement of the coordinates and the motion in space by means of the probability density and probability density current.


Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze the death ratio of covid patients using Novel Multiple Logistic Regression and linear regression which comes under supervised learning. Materials and Method: Accuracy is analyzed for a covid dataset of size 239 places. Analyzingthe death ratio of covid patients is performed by a Novel Multiple Logistic Regression of sample size (N=35) and Linear Regression of sample size (N=35), obtained using the G-power value of 80%. These are supervised learning algorithms. Result: Novel Multiple Logistic Regression accuracy is 96% which is comparatively higher than LR with an accuracy of 86%. The significance value is determined as p=0.030 (p<0.05) for accuracy. Conclusion: Novel Multiple Logistic Regression performs better in finding accuracy when compared to Linear Regression.


The charging of buried oxide (BOX) of bonded and etched-back silicon-on-insulator (BESOI) structures caused by electrical stress was studied. The top Si layer was removed and the structures with bare oxide were immersed in H 2 O before evaporation of aluminum. This treatment results in an ion-type charge instability effect observed at room temperature. If the top Si layer was removed by dry etching or not removed at all, then the structures do not exhibit a comparable effect even at 250°C ; neither do wet-treated nonbonded thermal SiO 2 layers. Replacement of H 2 O by D 2 O delays the ionic charge buildup, suggesting an isotopic effect. It is suggested that the high-temperature postbonding anneal results in structural change in the BOX layer which promotes the transport of hydrogen-related charged species.


We present a geometrodynamical method for determining distances to orbital streams of H I gas in the Galaxy. The method makes use of our offset from the Galactic Centre and assumes that the gas comprising the stream nearly follows a planar orbit about the Galactic Centre. We apply this technique to the Magellanic Stream and determine the distances to all points along it; a consistency check shows that the angular momentum is approximately constant. Applying this technique to the Large Magellanic Cloud itself gives an independent distance which agrees within its accuracy of around 10 per cent. Relaxing the demand for exact conservation of energy and angular momentum at all points along the stream allows for an increase in orbital period between the lagging end and the front end led by the Magellanic Clouds. Similar methods are applicable to other long streams of high-velocity clouds, provided they also nearly follow planar orbits; these would allow otherwise unknown distances to be determined.


Eclipse SteerTechTM transmissive fluid state electrowetting technology has successfully demonstrated the ability to control the shape and position of a fluid lenslet. In its final form, the technology will incorporate a dual fluid lenslet approach capable of operating in extremely high acceleration environments. The beam steering system works on the principle of electro-wetting. A substrate is covered with a closely spaced array of, independently addressable, transparent, electrically conductive pixels utilizing Eclipse's proprietary EclipseTECTM technology. By activating and deactivating selected EclipseTECTM pixels in the proper sequence, the shape and position of fluid lenslets or arrays of lenslets can be dynamically changed at will. The position and shape of individual fluid lenslets may be accurately controlled on any flat, simply curved, or complex curved, transparent or reflective surface. The smaller the pixels the better control of the position and shape of the fluid lenslets. Information on the successful testing of the Eclipse SteerTechTM lenslet and discussion of its use in a de-centered lenslet array will be presented.


Recently material processing with intiligency has been interested. Self-formation and alignment of quatum dots structure on semiconductor surface are a typical example. In this case no lithgraphic technique which is conventionally used for fabricating such a ultra fine structure is necessary. Another typical intelligent material processing is atomic layer manipulation with self-limiting process in which exact one monolayer layer-by-layer stacking or etching is automatically achieved. Atomic layer manipulation - layer-by-layer addition (Atomic layer epitaxy) and/or subtraction (Atomic layer etching) of atomic layer of a crystal - is a promising technology for future nano-device fabrication. In atomic layer manipulation, a source gas or an etching gas is alternatively fed into a reactor and self-limiting mechanism is realized. In self-limiting mechanism, source gas or etchantrecognizes automaticallyan one molecularlayer addition or subtraction of crystal and the growth or etching is automatically stopped just after one molecular layer addition or subtraction of the crystal.


Vertical graphene nanosheets have advantages over their horizontal counterparts, primarily due to the larger surface area available in the vertical systems. Vertical sheets can accommodate more functional particles, and due to the conduction and optical properties of thin graphene, these structures can find niche applications in the development of sensing and energy storage devices. This work is a combined experimental and theoretical study that reports on the synthesis and optical responses of vertical sheets decorated with gold nanoparticles. The findings help in interpreting optical responses of these hybrid graphene structures and are relevant to the development of future sensing platforms.


The invention discloses an electronic beam inspection optimization method. The electronic beam inspection optimization comprises the steps of acquiring a plurality of initial inspection areas in one chip, wherein the center of each initial inspection area is a defect point; then, re-generating a plurality of reset inspection areas which are not overlapped with one another, wherein each preset inspection area is the range which is covered by a same field-of-view (FOV), and at least one defect point exists in the range; and afterwards, converting the center of each reset inspection area to an inspection center point, and performing electronic beam inspection on the inspection center point.


Let [Formula: see text] be an odd prime number, [Formula: see text] for a positive integer [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the finite field with [Formula: see text] elements and [Formula: see text] be a primitive element of [Formula: see text]. We first give an orthogonal decomposition of the ring [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for a fixed integer [Formula: see text]. In addition, Galois dual of a linear code over [Formula: see text] is discussed. Meanwhile, constacyclic codes and cyclic codes over the ring [Formula: see text] are investigated as well. Remarkably, we obtain that if linear codes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are a complementary pair, then the code [Formula: see text] and the dual code [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] are equivalent to each other.


In this study, the effect of the roughness parameter during the peristaltic transport of a Newtonian fluid in a nonuniform channel has been explored. The motivation of this study comes from various research studies in the area of life sciences and engineering, which reveal that the wall of living beings' arteries and all other surfaces have roughness to some extent. As peristalsis is a major mode of transporting biological fluids in various organs, the effect of surface roughness during peristaltic flow becomes very significant. The problem of peristaltic motion of a Newtonian fluid through a rough nonuniform channel having sinusoidal-shaped roughness has been investigated in the current work. To analyze the flow, analytic formulation of pressure rise, friction force, velocity, and pressure gradient has been carried out under the low Reynolds number and long-wavelength approximation. Results obtained for zero surface roughness from the current model are in complete agreement with previous studies available in the literature that have been carried out without considering the surface roughness of the wall. Numerical outcomes for the properties mentioned above have been plotted for analyzing the impact of roughness on the physical and flow parameters.


. Solar activity during solar minimum between 23 rd and 24 th solar cycle was inspected, based on solar X-ray radiation listings from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) database. Periods of quiet solar conditions with low background X radiation are particularly favourable for analysis and exploration of low intensity solar flare events and their effects on lower ionosphere. Low intensity solar flare events were monitored and examined through Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio signals (3-30 kHz), recorded by the use of Absolute Phase and Amplitude Logger system (AbsPAL) operating at the Institute of Physics Belgrade, Serbia. For the purposes of numerical modeling of low ionospheric response to low class solar flare events, the Long Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) software, based on Wait's theory, was applied. Main results are presented in this paper.


The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to show the decisive import of the nietzschean concept of bodily subjectivity in order to transform such a basic notion of the modern and contemporary philosophy, by opening a new philosophical horizon, which enables overriding idealism and positivism; secondly, to state that this Nietzsche´s contribution has inspired largely the Spanish contemporary thought.


Abstract 1. The metabolism of midazolam was investigated in vivo in locusts in order to evaluate the presence of an enzyme with functionality similar to human CYP3A4/5. 2. Hydroxylated metabolites of midazolam identical to human metabolites were detected in locusts and the apparent affinities (Km values) were in the same range as reported in humans (in locusts: 7–23 and 33–85 µM for the formation of the 1′-OH and 4-OH metabolites, respectively). 3. The formation of hydroxylated metabolites could successfully be inhibited by co-administration of ketoconazole, a known CYP3A4/5 inhibitor. 4. Besides phase I metabolites, a number of conjugated metabolites were detected using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The most abundant metabolites detected were structurally identified by 1H NMR as two N-glucosides. NMR analysis strongly suggested that the glycosylation occurred at the two nitrogens (either one in each case) of the imidazole ring. 5. Distribution of midazolam and the glucose conjugates were successfully measured using desorption electrospray mass spectrometry imaging revealing time-dependent changes in distribution over time. 6. In conclusion, it appears that an enzyme with functionality similar to human CYP3A4/5 is present in locusts. However, it appears that conjugation with glucose is the main detoxification pathway of midazolam in locusts.


Engineering educators have an ethical responsibility to develop coming generations of critical and innovative thinkers to be the problem solvers for the grand engineering challenges facing humankind. Our engineering graduates must be the developers of innovative technologies, products and processes addressing sustainable development goals. In this paper, we propose a paradigmatic shift in conventional engineering education curricula, transforming out of conventional chalk-and-talk lectures only accompanied by limited assessment methods of problem sets and exams. This paper suggests engineering programs need to implement changes to update and upgrade curricular and programmatic approaches, ensuring the programmes will graduate transformative thinkers and creative problem solvers. In this paper, we propose several pedagogical approaches be integrated into engineering curricula to be relevant to sustainable development. First, Project based learning (PBL) pedagogies must be incorporated into each course. The PBL should be implemented through Service Learning (SL), requiring projects be communitybased and socially beneficial. The PBL approach should utilize open ended design (OED) thinking in implementation and execution of projects, which must address needs and challenges faced by community members around the engineering institutions' communities. Most critically, awareness of ethics in engineering should be integrated into all courses. From the government's policy perspective, they should mandate that government funded and private engineering and technology educational institutions require students complete a community-based service project as part of graduation requirements. This completes the circle and integrates engineering education into sustainable development policy and practice. This paper will outline PBL, SL and ethics in engineering, while describing some of these projects that have served to demonstrate sustainable development through community-based student-driven projects. Keywords— Engineering, Education, Pedagogy, Project Based Learning, Service Learning, Sustainable development, Open Ended Design, Ethics in Engineering, Policy


India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world next only to China. The Onion is the major vegetable crop of Rajasthan. The present investigation was carried out to study the cost of cultivation and returns on different cost concepts basis of Onion. The study was conducted in Jodhpur and Nagaur which were selected on the basis of highest area and production of Onion. A sample of 50 Onion growing farmers from different land size categories was selected by probability proportion to number of farmers in each size group. Cost of cultivation of onion vegetables on the sample farms in Jodhpur and Nagaur district. Production is normally considered as the function of area and yield. The decision regarding the choice of crop enterprise to be taken on the farm and the allocation of area and resources under it depends to a great extent, on level of yield, price of output and the cost of inputs used in the production of that crop. The cost of cultivation and the returns to different factors of production help in decision making about the selection of crop and hence, these measures were worked out for onion. On an average, 77850 was spent on onion per hectare. Cost of cultivation of large farm category was highest, 91595, followed by medium farms ( 83689) and small farms ( 72258). Among the different components of cost of cultivation, human labour accounted for the largest portion (28.45 per cent) followed by seed (17.43 per cent). The other major components were rental value of land (12.85 per cent), irrigation charges (11.92 per cent), FYM (9.52 per cent), PP chemical (5.87 per cent), fertilizers (5.20 per cent) and machinery (3.22 per cent). The cultivation of onion requires more labour use for harvesting and cutting, application of irrigation and transplanting/sowing and as such the share of human labour accounted for the highest share of 22456 per hectare (28.85%). Large farmers spent 12835 on manures and fertilizers, which was higher than that of medium ( 12134) and small farmers category ( 10853).


Activated carbon (AC) was modified by H2SO4 and used as a support for catalyst. The Fe2S3/AC-T catalyst was prepared by deposition-precipitation method and used to catalyze hydrocracking of coal-related model compound, di(1-naphthyl)methane (DNM). The properties of catalyst were studied by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that ferric sulfate and acidic centers had synergetic effect on hydrocracking of DNM when using Fe2S3/AC-T as catalyst, the optimal loading of Fe is 9 wt.%. Hydroconversion of the extraction residue from Guizhou bituminous coal was also studied using Fe2S3/AC-T as the catalyst. The reaction was conducted in cyclohexane under 0.8 Mpa of initial hydrogen pressure at 310°C. The reaction mixture was extracted with petroleum ether and analyzed by GC/MS. Amounts of organic compounds which fall into the categories of homologues of benzene and naphthalene were detected. It suggested that the catalyst could effectively catalyze the cleavage of C-C-bridged bonds.


In recent years,the increasingly serious problem of building fire pose a serious threat to the safety of people's life and property.The fire protection design of buildings is an important part of building fire safety protection.But the building fire protection design in our country at present have many problems:building fire pressure equipment is difficult to match,fire pump pressure relief device are placed unreasonably,and so on.Combining with the actual work experience,The author analyzes the problems of fire fighting design,and also discusses the construction of building fire protection layout,fire alarm system,fire power,fire shutter,narrating the fire protection design of buildings,in order to optimize the fire,in order to improve the building fire effect,and provide some reference for the study of building fire protection design.


The article is devoted to humor and satire in music of different times and styles. The article gives musical analisis of "Burokratiada", composed by Rodion Shchedrin. "Burocratiada" is a very bright exemple of satire in Russian music of the 2 nd half of XX century. Method and means of achieving the humorous effect are highlighted in the article.