Abstract Sandstones from McKee Formation and near correlatives, are known only from cores in Taranaki, New Zealand, from depths >2130 m. Their heavy mineral suites consist dominantly of ilmenite, garnet, zircon, and tourmaline, with pyrite and barite of probable diagenetic origin. Hornblende, epidote, titanite, and kyanite are absent. Staurolite and garnet are absent through intrastratal solution below burial depths of about 3100 m and 3600 m respectively. This dissolution pattern is comparable to that observed in the North Sea Basin, although total dissolution of mineral species takes place somewhat deeper in the McKee Formation. The provenance, indicated particularly by staurolite and compositions of the garnet grains, consisted mainly of basement rocks such as those encountered in offshore boreholes or those now exposed in North Westland and northwest Nelson. A small component is probably from the Haast Schist.


Let $K_p$ be a complete graph of order $p\geq 2$. A $K_p$-free $k$-coloring of a graph $H$ is a partition of $V(H)$ into $V_1, V_2\ldots,V_k$ such that $H[V_i]$ does not contain $K_p$ for each $i\leq k $. In 1977 Borodin and Kostochka conjectured that any graph $H$ with maximum degree $\Delta(H)\geq 9$ and without $K_{\Delta(H)}$ as a subgraph has chromatic number at most $\Delta(H)-1$. As analogue of the Borodin-Kostochka conjecture, we prove that if $p_1\geq \cdots\geq p_k\geq 2$, $p_1+p_2\geq 7$, $\sum_{i=1}^kp_i=\Delta(H)-1+k$, and $H$ does not contain $K_{\Delta(H)}$ as a subgraph, then there is a partition of $V(H)$ into $V_1,\ldots,V_k$ such that for each $i$, $H[V_i]$ does not contain $K_{p_i}$. In particular, if $p\geq 4$ and $H$ does not contain $K_{\Delta(H)}$ as a subgraph, then $H$ admits a $K_p$-free $\lceil{\Delta(H)-1\over p-1}\rceil$-coloring. Catlin showed that every connected non-complete graph $H$ with $\Delta(H)\geq 3$ has a $\Delta(H)$-coloring such that one of the color classes is maximum $K_2$-free subset (maximum independent set). In this regard, we show that there is a partition of vertices of $H$ into $V_1$ and $V_2$ such that $H[V_1]$ does not contain $K_{p}$, $H[V_2]$ does not contain $K_{q}$, and $V_1$ is a maximum $K_p$-free subset of V(H) if $p\geq 4$, $q\geq 3$, $p+q=\Delta(H)+1$, and its clique number $\omega(H)=p$.


The present invention discloses a substrate, a display device, an alignment film manufacturing method, which belongs to the field of display technology, the feed solution of continuity due to the different positions of different liquid crystal display, technical problems led to a liquid crystal display of an afterimage. The substrate comprises a base substrate, and an alignment film, the film thickness distribution in the transverse direction is formed on the base substrate, gradually thinned from both ends to the middle, and / or the alignment film in the longitudinal direction thickness direction, gradually thinned from one end to the other end. The present invention may be used in liquid crystal TVs, liquid crystal display, a mobile phone, a tablet computer display device.


Cirrhotic patients are at a high risk of fungal infections. Voriconazole is widely used as prophylaxis and in the treatment of invasive fungal disease. However, the safety, pharmacokinetics, and optimal regimens of voriconazole are currently not well defined in cirrhotic patients.


More and more key stage 1 children learn to swim at school. Ally March discusses how to keep safe when swimming


A scaling technique known as the Method of Reciprocal Averages has been in use since the early 1930's. This technique yields a set of item response weights for a psychological inventory which maximizes the internal consistency of the inventory for a group of subjects. Although the technique has been used for many years, its mathematical foundations have not been made explicit. In the present paper it is shown that the informal data processing procedures of this technique actually solve the set of linear equations yielded by Guttman's Least Squares Model for internal consistency scaling. The constraint imposed by Guttman to insure that the solution yields a nonextraneous set of weights is also met. From a computational point of view the Method of Reciprocal Averages has an advantage over the principal components approach employed by Guttman's solution as it does not require the calculation of an item response category co-occurrence matrix. In addition, The Method of Reciprocal Averages can be implemented as a simple extension to existing item analysis computer programs.


Choreographer Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker and composer Steve Reich are intrigued by similar principles of composition in which structures become processes during performance. Both use repetition of motives, while subtly shifting their interlinking as well as the relationship among performers, requiring a concentration on the here and now wherein time and space seem to conflate for both performers and audiences. In this article I suggest the relevance of an analysis of music and dance that exceeds the structural for a better understanding of de Keersmaeker's early set of four pieces, Fase (1982), which, I argue, has an impact on the audience through the affective intensities it creates.


A multiuser receiver scheme with successive interference cancellation (SIC) is proposed to suppress multiuser interference for physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) in high speed train (HST) environment. In the proposed algorithm, each user's signal is detected iteratively in a descending order according to the signal strength at eNB. During each iteration, the strongest signal of all users' is detected and regenerated, and then is subtracted from the composite signal before decoding the next user. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme obtains remarkable gains, e.g. 2 dB for PUCCH format 2 with 3 users in HST scenario 1. The improvement is more pronounced in the case of increasing number of users, e.g. 3.3 dB with 6 users.


For the purpose of investigating possibilities of utilizing changes of speckle patterns, to be observed in an output light spot from an optical fiber, due to external disturbance for sensing application, a certain load was applied onto an optical fiber through which laser beams emitted from a laser diode were propagating, and the resultant changes in the speckle patterns were observed. The obtained results showed that when the load was applied onto the optical fiber via a flat plate placed over the fiber, no significant changes were recognized in the speckle pattern. However, in the case where the optical fiber was placed so that corrugated bending of the fiber was induced by the load application via ridges, the number of speckles in the pattern decreased upon load application. Influences of a contact area size between the ridges and the optical fiber were also confirmed by employing several different arrangements for the load application. From these results, it was confirmed that observation of speckle patterns in an output light spot from an optical fiber can be utilized to realize sensing of load application onto the optical fiber by employing arrangements with ridges of suitable dimensions alternately disposed against the optical fiber to enhance effects of load application.


Medical specialty boards improve the quality and safety of health care, but they can overreach, and their board members express disapproval of board action by petition and through legal action.


Probably no legendary sea monster was as horrifying as the Kraken. According to stories this huge, many armed, creature could reach as high as the


OBJECTIVE
This study examines predictors of attendance in Vet-to-Vet, a peer education intervention for veterans co-located with a professionally-run rehabilitative day program.

METHODS
Participants were 218 veterans receiving services from a VA day program at time of study entry who enrolled in an outcome study of Vet-to-Vet. Using multiple regression analysis, baseline variables were examined as predictors of attendance in Vet-to-Vet over the 9-month study period.

RESULTS
Attendance over 9 months was associated with attending Vet-to-Vet prior to study enrollment, receiving services from the day program at the one-month follow-up, lower scores on a recovery attitude scale, lower scores on activities of daily living, and greater age.

CONCLUSIONS
Co-locating peer education or other mutual support programs with professional mental health services may increase participation, and those with more severe functional disabilities and less recovery orientation may participate more actively.


Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used successfully for several years in refractory cardiogenic shock. Of note, the survival rate is markedly affected by the underlying patient condition, and especially their capacity to recover. Combes et al. 1 demonstrated a short- and a long-term survival rate (11 months of median follow-up time) of, respectively, 42 and 36% in a large series of patients with cardiogenic shock of various origins, including fulminant myocarditis (30%), post-cardiotomy (24%), post-myocardial infarction (15%), and shock after heart transplantation (15%). In that study, 1 implantation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was associated with a marked increase in the risk of death (OR 20.68 (1.09–392.03)). As the probability of achieving return to spontaneous circulation (ROSC) decreases rapidly when the duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR exceeds 10 min and dramatically after 30 min, 2 some clinicians questioned whether ECMO could also be used...


Thispaperpresents ananalytical framework for evaluating theperformance ofathreshold-based generalized se- lection combining (GSC)scheme inequally correlated Nakagami- m fading channels. Theframework extends previously published results byallowing arbitrary fading indexvalues (m>0.5) in theanalytical solution. Also, weexploit asecond methodwhich iscomputationally moreefficient thanthefirst approach, when fading index m isapositive integer. I.INTRODUCTION


This paper reports on an early-stage course development work: the goal of using a knowledge management structure to support the on-line introductory financial and managerial accounting courses. In many business organizations today, managers are trying to capture the knowledge of their employees and use this knowledge as another asset' of the company. Their hope is that this 'bank of knowledge' will make employees, and therefore the corporation, more effective and efficient. The paper asks the question 'Could a knowledge management structure be used to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the accounting student's learning?' It introduces a scenario for the purpose of creating a knowledge management structure as a supplement to the on-line introductory financial and managerial accounting course. The paper is divided into three parts. First, a broad description of an on-line course is given and the some of its benefits and drawbacks noted. Second, some characteristics and goals of a knowledge management structure are described. Third, an application of a knowledge management structure is proposed using the topics found in the on-line introductory financial and managerial accounting courses.


After analyzing target recognition and tracking technique, a method of developing specifically target tacking system is proposed, which uses digital image manipulation to target recognition. Software and hardware design of intelligent vehicle are presented in detail. The system uses digital image manipulation technology to cognize the certain target through a pickup camera installed on the front of the intelligent vehicle. When the target is moving, singlechip receives the commands from the computer and then control the vehicle to trace target. The system can run by itself, regardless of artificial control. This design provides a platform for the research of Growing Machine Intelligence system.


There has been little research on word recognition skills of phonologically disordered children, although recent work has shown they tend to perform more poorly than age peers on phoneme‐identification tasks using synthetic speech stimuli. Six phonologically disordered preschool‐aged children and six typically developing controls were asked to identify CVC words in which either the final consonant or the medial vowel had been removed in steps. The stimuli were digitized natural productions of familiar words. For the silent‐center task, the phonologically disordered children were significantly less accurate than peers for the two conditions with the least acoustic information. For the gating task, the phonologically disordered children were significantly less accurate than peers for the two conditions with the most acoustic information. They were less accurate than peers at identifying digitized words with no acoustic information deleted, although they were not less accurate with live voice. This suggests ...


The evolution of computer technology renders servers, workstations, computers and even mobile devices more and more powerful. This leads to their increased use and storage of data. Data warehouses may contain large quantities of sensitive information. Therefore, data privacy is a very important aspect of data publishing. The best method for protecting data privacy is data anonymity. The use of anonymous data improves the degree of privacy provided by data warehouses. However, data anonymity alone is never enough for protecting the privacy of sensitive information, requiring database security also. In this paper we propose a multi-layer approach to database anonymity based on a multi-layer security infrastructure. From an anonymity perspective, we have developed an engine that provides both static and dynamic means of securing sensitive data. Also, the temporal aspect of a dynamic database in time leads to an alteration of possible inferences. Also, in this paper we focused on securing the communication, the operating system and the database server.


SUMMARY: E.E.G.s were recorded as part of a health check on would-be Everest climbers. The merits of doing so and the implications of the abnormalities found· are discussed.


It's the time of year when the Australian Fashion Industry comes to life, cities around the country host 'Fashion Weeks' and our long and lean youngsters are given a call up to walk the catwalk, wearing high fashion from around the nation in a showcase of what people will be wearing in the months ahead.


A case of peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) in the anterior mandible of a 63-year-old woman is described. The 17 x 23 x 16mm nodular mass was sessile, displaced teeth and had a non-ulcerated, pink surface. Due to the variations in radiographic, clinical and pathological appearance, initially the diagnosis of peripheral odontogenic fibroma was reached. Complex nomenclature and variation in clinical, radiological and pathological appearance of POF and similar masses is discussed.


TOO much of the 20th century has been lost to basic science in psychiatry. Following Kraeplin's clinical contribution to nosology, Freud's work threw psychiatry into a turmoil. His injunction in 1914, "We must bear in mind that some day all our provisional formulations will have to be based on an organic foundation ..."* was obscured if not lost in the brilliance of his psychodynamics. The fury which greeted Freud's impingement on social taboos was followed by furies resulting from new taboos, created this time by the Freudians (not by Freud). As newer taboos took the place of older taboos, psychiatry became polarized. Under psychoanalytic primacy psychiatry moved deeper into psychology rather than biology. It did so as medicine entered its golden age, fusing its biologic aspects with the "harder" sciences of chemistry, physics and mathematics. Today, psychiatry must shed its taboos and


The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a small-moderate dose of red wine on the level of serum insulin and plasma glucose before and after a meal. A total of 18 non-diabetic males aged between 19-22 years participated in the current investigation. In the fasting trial participants underwent a 6 hour fast before consuming 4 standard units of red wine (40g alcohol) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a period of 135-min. Food was then presented alone for 45-min. Alternatively, in the feeding trial food was consumed for 45-min prior to participants ingesting 4 standard units of red wine (40g alcohol) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a 135-min period. The serum insulin and plasma glucose level was assessed at regular 45-min intervals across the four 180-min experimental periods. The results showed a significant alcoholinduced decrease in postprandial glucose and no significant change in serum insulin concentration when red wine is consumed alone following a meal. Alternatively, the ingestion of red wine alone prior to food promoted a significant reduction in serum insulin concentration despite preprandial glucose remaining unchanged. It was concluded that red wine may promote an alteration in the feedback mechanism by which plasma glucose controls the insulin rate, which under specific conditions could potentially provide some health benefits to diabetic individuals.


This paper presents a comparative analysis of control methods to achieve an optimal PV module output voltage and to track the maximum power point from photovoltaic PV systems under changeable conditions such as (Temperature and solar irradiances) and load changes, with the help of Perturb and Observe "P&O " algorithm that provides the reference voltage. The PV system consists of a solar module and a DC/DC converter; in this case a boost converter is used, connected to a load. The first is to use the integral and derivative (PI) controller, while in the second a Backstepping, with and without integral action, is used. The study is done for a centrifugal pump driven by permanent magnet DC motor. The parameters considered for the comparison are the extracted power from the PV system under changeable conditions such as the temperature and the irradiances and signal ripples. Simulations used to demonstrate the efficiency of the compared methods in presence of the environmental perturbations and load changes.


I do not consider that atropine should be withheld, providing the other and more important points have received attention. Active treatment should be as follows if a convulsion occurs despite precautions: 1. If an inhalational anaesthetic is being given it should be discontinued immediately and 02 and CO2 administered. 2. All coverings should be removed from the patient. The limbs should be sprayed with cold water (a stirrup pump is excellent for this purpose) and evaporation hastened by air currents from x:aved towels, oxygen cylinders, etc. 3. The table should be placed in a slighf reverse Trendelenburg position. 4. If, as often happens, convulsions cease temporarily in a minute or so, the patient should be intubated if this has not already been done. 5. If convulsions have not ceased in t'his time a smnall intra-venous dose of a barbiturate should be given. In practice this means that a nuise or student should prepare some pentothal or evipan on the first sign of a convulsion and that it should be given as soon as it is ready if the convulsions are still in evidence. 6. If the patient has not been intubated this must be done immediately the barbiturate has controlled the convulsions sufficiently to make it possible, and rhythmic insufflation with oxygen must be performed. This is most important. Barbiturates can and will save lives in ether convulsions, but they can also cause fatal respiratory paralysis. A case of ether convulsions which ends fatally usually does so with a cyanosed patient and a tonically contracted larynx. A barbiturate given shortly before this stage is reached-and it may occur within as little as a minute or two of the first symptom-may check the convulsion, but there is a danger that respiratory movements may never begin again unless pulmonary ventilation is artificially performed from the earliest possible moment. 7. If the stage of the operation demands further anaesthesia with relaxation, ether may be restarted or continuous barbiturate anaesthesia may be substituted. The ether is only one of the several contributing factors which go to initiate a convulsion, and, especially in unskilled'hands, a change over to chloroform may well do more harm than good.


Inflammation is the local response of living mammalian tissues to injury due to any agent. It is the body defence reaction in order to eliminate or limit the spread of injurious agent, followed by removel of the necrosed cells and tissues, but the sign and symptoms which are produced during healing process can't tolerable. The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Commercial and Hexane extracts of Boswellia Serrata in wistar albino rats. In this study both acute and sub-acute inflammation models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Boswellia Serrata. In acute model Carrageenan was used to induce inflammation in rat hind paw and in subacute inflammation Cotton pellets induced granuloma was performed. The extracts has significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in paw edema volume and wet weight and dry weight of Cotton pellets as compared to the untreated vehicle control group.


Abstract 5027 Background: LCDD is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by deposition of immunoglobulin light chain in kidneys and, occasionally, in other organs such as liver and heart. Most patients present with rapidly deteriorating renal function and nephrotic proteinuria. There is no standard treatment for LCDD. High dose dexametasone (HDD) with or without alkylating agents and high dose melphalan (HDM) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have been used, the latter with better results. Recently the combination therapy with Bortezomib-Dexametasone (BD) has been used in small series of patients and has shown promising results. Here we report on four patients with LCDD treated in our center from September 2010 to September 2011 with BD as induction therapy. Patients and Methods: The characteristics of the patients are shown in Table 1. Three patients were male; the median age was 44. 5 years (range 37–64 years). Two patients had more than 20% bone marrow plasma cell count with no evidence of active multiple myeloma (MM) defined by osteolytic bone disease, hypercalcemia or myeloma cast nephropaty. All patients had renal biopsy with histologic and immunofluorescence studies. In all patients except one, the diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy examination. One patient was therapy naive and three patients were refractory to HDD. All patients but one presented with impaired renal function and all of them showed nephrotic albuminuria. Serum free light chains values (sFLC) were high in all patients, with abnormal kappa to lambda ratio (R k/λ). Noteworthy, in three patients serum immunofixation electrophoresis did not succeed in detecting the circulating monoclonal light chain. Patients were given Bortezomib (1. 3 mg/m2days 1, 4, 8 and 11) and Dexamethasone (40 mg days 1–4) every 21 days, for three to six cycles. Results: Two patients achieved normalization of R k/λ. One patient achieved reduction of more than 50% of involved sFLC and reduction of more than 50% of the M protein after three cycles. One patient had progressive disease. None of the responding patients with renal impairment achieved improvement of the renal function, but all responding patients showed reduction of more than 50% of initial albuminuria. After BD one patient achieved hematological CR, one VGPR and one PR (Gertz MA et al., Amyloid 2010). All responding patients were eligible for ASCT. Two patients underwent stem cell mobilization with cyclophosphamide 4 g/m2; one patient was mobilized with G-CSF alone. Melphalan dose was reduced to 140 mg/m2in the only patient undergoing hemodyalisis. There were no complications related to stem cell harvest and engraftment (only one patient showed a late platelet engraftment). After ASCT two patients achieved at least VGPR; one patient achieved a PR and he underwent second ASCT achieving again a PR. Dose reduction of Bortezomib was required in two patients because of grade 2 neuropathy. Conclusions: BD is feasible and effective in LCDD patients, and it can be used as an induction regimen before ASCT. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Bortezomib for light chain deposition disease.


Nata de coco (NDC), a bacterial cellulose formed by Acetobacter xylinum, was utilized to fabricate a membrane via acetylation and phase inversion methods. The NDC was activated and dissolved in N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) with lithium chloride (LiCl) at varying amounts of NDC, LiCl/DMAc ratio, activation temperature, and dissolution temperature. Acetylation was done by adding acetic anhydride (in a mass ratio of 1:12 NDC-anhydride) to NDC-DMAc/LiCl solution at a dissolution temperature of 110 °C for 3 hours. The modified-NDC was recovered via precipitation in methanol. The modified-NDC was washed with deionized water then freeze-dried. Modification was verified by determining the degree of substitution (DS) using titration and FTIR analysis. It was observed that the modification could be carried out at an NDC/DMAc (w/v) ratio of 1:75 at 120 °C for 1 hour, and addition of 8% (w/v) LiCl catalyst at 110 °C for 20 minutes. The DS of the modified-NDC was observed in the range of 2.84 – 3.69, which indicates a successful modification. This was further verified by the FTIR results. Membrane fabrication was carried out using the modified-NDC via immersion-precipitation and solvent evaporation methods. A successful membrane formation was observed using solvent evaporation.


Morinda citrifolia , more commonly known as noni, is a tropical tree with fruit that has a wide variety of traditional uses and biological effects. It had been used for the maintenance of skin health by Pacific Islanders and has been found to promote collagen deposition in vivo. Oral ingestion of hydrolyzed collagen has also been shown to improve skin quality. A 21-day human intervention study was conducted to evaluate a dietary supplement containing a combination of noni fruit juice and hydrolyzed marine collagen, as well as other ingredients, on skin viscoelastic properties in healthy Japanese adults. Daily ingestion of the supplement significantly improved net elasticity and biological elasticity measurements of the cheek. This also accompanied a trend for lowered skin autofluorescence, a measurement of skin glycation. The results indicate that the combination of noni fruit juice and hydrolyzed collagen improved skin biomechanical properties through enhanced collagen and elastin deposition in the skin, reduced skin glycation and improved skin hydration, possibly from increased hyaluronic acid concentration. Noni fruit juice also effectively scavenged cumene hydroperoxide in vitro. The positive effects on skin quality are likely due, in part, to the antioxidant and antiglycative properties of the supplement, as well as its ability to induce fibroblast proliferation and influence extracellular matrix protein gene expression.


Four overlapping fragments L1,L2,L3 and L4 of VP3 gene of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus(IPNV) were amplified by PCR.PCR products were cloned into the expression vector pGEX-6P1 and pET32a.The recombinant plasmids pGEX-6P1-VP3(L1),pET32a-VP3(L2),pGEX-6P1-VP3(L3) and pGEX-6P1-VP3(L4) were identified by digestion,PCR and sequencing,and transformed into E.coli Rosetta and BL21 cells.The target proteins of 32 kD,26 kD,30 kD and 31 kD were obtained by induction using IPTG at 1.0 mmol/L.The VP3(L1) and VP3(L4) protein reacted with IPNV positive serum in Western-blotting,indicating that the immunodominant region of the VP3 protein was located in 1~70 and 143~206 amino acid sequence of VP3 protein.The VP3 recombinant fusion protein can be used as the specific diagnosis antigen for ELISA assay.This study will serve as the basis for further precise identification of VP3 protein epitope.


In this paper, we propose a neural-network-based identification system for both mean shift and correlation parameter change. The identifier is trained to detect mean shift, to recognize the presence of autocorrelation, and to identify shift and correlation magnitudes. Various magnitudes of process mean shift, under the presence of various levels of autocorrelation, are considered. Both in-control and out-of-control average run length are computed to measure the performance of the trained identifier. Additionally, we also measure the correction classification rate of shift and/or correlation magnitudes. The identifier is designed to work under two modes, i.e., with or without shift magnitude identification. When properly trained, the identifier is capable of simultaneously indicating whether the process change is due to mean shift, correlation change, or both. This approach is unique since all the statistical control charts developed so far can only detect mean (or variance) shift or parameter change when ...


We study a class of chip strategies in repeated games of incomplete information. This class generalizes the strategies studied by Mobius (2001) in the context of a favor-exchange model and the strategies studied in our companion paper Olszewski and Safronov (2017). In two-player games, if players have private values and their types evolve according to independent Markov chains, then under very mild conditions on the stage game, the efficient outcome can be approximated by chip-strategy equilibria when the discount factor tends to 1. We extend this result (assuming stronger conditions) to stage games with any number of players. Chip strategies can be viewed as a positive model of repeated interactions, and the insights from our analysis seem applicable in similar contexts, not covered by the present analysis.


A study is described that was conducted to develop an improved average green time estimation model for traffic-actuated control and to suggest a maximum green time design method that analytically minimizes intersection control delay. Improvements in the green time estimation model include revisions in the concept of additional queue service time, explicit treatment of right turns in lane groups containing both through and right-turning vehicles, and other improvements that include updates based on recent studies and modifications in the approaches taken for the modeling procedure. The proposed maximum green time design procedure consists of four components: (a) estimation of the average green time of a traffic-actuated phase, (b) performance evaluation of the system through the 2000 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) procedure, (c) formulation of an overall average control delay minimization problem, and (d) a search process to find the most efficient set of maximum green time parameters that minimize the average control delay at an intersection. Using simulation as a surrogate for field data collection, it was demonstrated that the proposed average green time estimation models offer better results than the one in the 2000 HCM. In addition, it was suggested that on the basis of the improvements demonstrated in terms of design, the proposed maximum green parameter design procedure represents an advancement of the methodology for analysis of signalized intersections.


Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS type I)--formerly reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)--causes chronic, poorly controllable pain, autonomic, sensorimotor disorders, and serious trophic alterations in the later stages. It develops in the distal extremities mostly after minimal trauma or surgical intervention and rarely spontaneously. The severity of symptoms is disproportionate to the causative event. The latest scientific findings show that the previously called reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), which was supposed to be a result of a hyper-reactive autonomic nervous system, is a very complex syndrome that occurs on different integration levels of the nervous system. The International Association for the Study of Pain (ISAP) introduced the more descriptive term "complex regional pain syndrome" (CRPS) in 1994. Possible role of peripheral inflammatory processes, abnormal sympathetic-afferent coupling and various other novel mechanisms of patho-physiology have led to various medications ,Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and psychotherapy which play an important role in the primary treatment of CRPS as non-invasive procedures.


A 9.0-magnitude(MW) earthquake struck off the coast of northeast Japan on 11 March 2011.On the basis of the GPS data from IGS(International GPS Service) and Japan′s GPS observation networks,we got the 20 days′ time series of the ionosphere vertical total electron content(VTEC) over the epicenter before this earthquake.To detect abnormal signal of TEC variation,a sliding quartile-based(before 15 days) process is performed.Meanwhile occultation data from FORMOSAT3/COSMIC are used in order to analyze the pre-earthquake profile of electron density and understand the variations of the F2 peak electron density(NmF2) and the peak height(hmF2).Preliminary results demonstrate that ionospheric parameters begin to increase a week before the earthquake.Combined with the solar and Geo-magnetic activities,we suggest that the abnormal variation of the ionospheric parameters may result from the earthquake.


Methods and Materials DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE POPULATION STRUCTURE Results Discussion CRAB DISTRIBUTIONS IN SILETZ BAY POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF C. MAENAS IN SILETZ BAY Acknowledgments


The therapeutic potential of Angelica ternata extract was tested against biofilm-associated fungi Candida albicans. Such an extract with a 1.896 ± 0.071% per 1 mL rutin content of flavonoids can reliably suppress the formation of biofilms of pathogenic yeast-like fungi up to 76.6%. The herbal medicine has a significant effect on the initiation, adhesion, and development of biofilms. If the extract is added to a developed biofilm, it has a significant effect on the matrix. As a result, the "glue" between the cells is washed out and they are more easily washed away from the well of the microplate to which they are attached. In this case, the optical density of the biofilm is halved (50.5%).


ATLAS measurements of multiboson production processes involving combinations of W,Z and isolated photons are summarized. Measurements using data at 7 TeV and at 8 TeV are presented. The measurements are performed using leptonic decay modes, including the invisible decay Z → v v , as well as semileptonic channels. Measurements of single and diboson production in association with two forward jets is sensitive to electroweak vector boson fusion and scattering processes. An observation of the electroweak production of the Z boson and an evidence of same sign WW production are reported.


In recent years, considerable debate and discussion regarding the future of Wood Science and Technology (WST) as a profession have swirled around Forest Products Society (FPS) and Society of Wood Science and Technology (SWST) board meetings, strategic workshops, in academic circles, and among WST professionals. At the annual board meetings of the two societies in Bellevue, Washington, June 2003, board members noted the weakening of academic programs in wood science and forest products, diminished recognition of Wood Science and Technology as a profession, and the need for a stronger, more unified WST voice to reach and influence decision-makers in academia, government, and industry. From the 2003 FPS/SWST board meeting, a joint four-member ad hoc committee was created. The FPS/SWST ad hoc committee was composed of the Executive Directors and Vice Presidents of the SWST (Vicki Herian and Paul Smith) and FPS (Art Brauner and Ramsay Smith). The objectives of the task force included: 1) formalization and documentation of the relationship and respective roles of FPS and SWST in preparation of Art Brauner's retirement from the FPS, and 2) addressing the challenges facing the WST profession. Task force topics included the two societies' tax structures, professional journals, leadership and services, lobbying power, Agenda 2020, and industry support. All four ad hoc committee members also participated in the January 2004 FPS Strategic Visioning Workshop, convened "to address current and future challenges facing the Society [FPS]." The FPS/SWST ad hoc committee proposed a formal survey of past presidents of FPS and SWST to solicit their insight regarding issues facing the societies and the WST profession. A Past Presidents' Questionnaire was administered to all past presidents of FPS or SWST in April 2004. The survey hoped to address some of the questions presented by the task force:


The authors assert that social media influencer tourism should be recognised as a novel entity in travel medicine, in order to protect this vulnerable group of travellers from harm to themselves and their host destinations, and to harness their potential as communicators of positive public health messages.


As technical knowledge grows deeper, broader, and more interconnected, knowledge domains increasingly combine a number of sub-domains. More often than not, each of these sub-domains has its own community of specialists and forums for interaction. Hence, from a generalist's viewpoint, it is sometimes difficult to understand the relationships between the sub-domains within the larger domain; and, from a specialist's viewpoint, it may be difficult for those working in one sub-domain to keep abreast of knowledge gained in another sub-domain. These difficulties can be especially important in the initial stages of creating new projects aimed at adding knowledge either at the domain or sub-domain level. To circumvent these difficulties, one would ideally like to create a map of the knowledge domain--a map which would help clarify relationships between the various sub-domains, and a map which would help inform choices regarding investing in the production of knowledge either at the domain or sub-domain levels. In practice, creating such a map is non-trivial. First, relationships between knowledge subdomains are complex, and not likely to be easily simplified into a visualizable 2-or-few-dimensional map. Second, even if some of the relationships can be simplified, capturing them would require some degree of expert understanding of themore » knowledge domain, rendering impossible any fully automated method for creating the map. In this work, we accept these limitations, and within them, attempt to explore semi-automated methodologies for creating such a map. We chose as the knowledge domain for this case study 'displacement damage phenomena in Si junction devices'. This knowledge domain spans a particularly wide range of knowledge subdomains, and hence is a particularly challenging one.« less


Parametric worst case execution time (WCET) bounds are useful in removing restrictions, such as known loop bounds, on algorithms for important applications such as scheduling for real-time embedded systems. However, current parametric approaches have difficulties with multiple loop nests that include non-rectangular loops, zero-trip loops, and/or loops with non-unit strides. These difficulties may result in the increased looseness of the upper bound, increased complexity in determining the bound, or loss of the upper bound property of the estimate. In this paper, we propose a new framework to compute tight parameterized WCET bounds for multiple loop nests that may include nonrectangular loops, zero-trip loops, and loops with non-unit strides. The framework requires only very simple symbolic manipulation capabilities and is restricted only by certain monotonic properties required of the iteration spaces of the inner loops.


FIA is responsible for periodic assessments of the status and trends of the renewable resources of America's forests. Fundamental to the accomplishment of these assessments are the State-by-State resource inventories, which are now conducted on an annual basis. This report summarizes the results, interpretations, and future significance of Utah's annual inventory. The organization and layout of this report begins with a short introduction of FIA's annual inventory system and then a detailed description of its inventory methods. After an overview of the report tables, the bulk of the report is contained in the "Forest Resources" and "Current Issues" and "FIA Indicators" sections, and finishes with a discussion of Utah's Timber Products. The "Forest Resources" section is outlined similar to past periodic reports for ease of comparisons. The "Current Issues" and "FIA Indicators" sections cover topics considered pertinent to Utah's forests relative to the information FIA collects, and points to other related or more in-depth studies and research. Michael T. Thompson is a Forester and a member of the Analysis Team with the Interior West Inventory and Analysis Program at the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Ogden, UT. He holds a B.S. degree in Forestry from North Carolina State University. Todd A. Morgan is the director of the Forest Industry Research Program at The University of Montana's Bureau of Business and Economic Research in Missoula, MT. He received a B.A. degree in Philosophy and a B.S. degree in Forest Science from Pennsylvania State University and an M.S. degree in Forestry from The University of Montana. R. Justin DeRose is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center at Utah State University, Logan, UT. He has B.S. and M.S. degrees in Forestry (from Utah State University and University of Maine, respectively) and is currently working toward his Ph.D. in Forest Ecology. His research broadly covers production ecology and silviculture of spruce-fir forests in the eastern United States and disturbance ecology of spruce-fir forests of the Rocky Mountains. Michael C. Amacher is a Research Soil Scientist in the Forest and Woodland Ecosystems Research Program at the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Logan, UT. He also serves as the western soils Indicator Advisor in the Indicators of Forest Health program. He has B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry and a Ph.D. in soil chemistry, all from Pennsylvania State University. Contact author: Larry T. DeBlander, email@example.com, (801) 625-5204 Acknowledgments The Rocky Mountain Research Station gratefully acknowledges the cooperation and assistance of the Intermountain Region, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Utah State Forester and other Utah State Land Department personnel; the Bureaus of Land Management and Indian Affairs; the Utah State University Forestry Extension; and the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. The authors extend a special note of thanks to private landowners who provided information and access to field sample plots, and to the field staff who collected the inventory data.


An effective environmentally correct disposal option for spent shea waste is remarkably constrained by many factors regardless of the disposal method adopted hitherto. Dumping of spent shea waste in farmlands or its landfilling have serious long-term ramifications to environment. Besides, it cannot be openly burned without violating international treaties on global warming issues. For this reason, we incorporated spent shea waste into brick making clay towards the manufacture of lightweight clay bricks with improved insulation properties. In this regard, bricks were prepared under various sintering conditions by replacing 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.% of the clay material with spent shea waste. The results show bricks fired at 1000 °C with 15 wt.% spent shea waste incorporation is most optimized manufacturing condition. These bricks demonstrated a 13.82 wt.% reduction in weight, compressive strength of 6 Mpa, water absorption of 15.95 % and a beneficial reduced thermal conductivity of 0.31 W/(mK), which translated to about 58.06 % increase in thermal insulation relative to the reference brick samples. This research has therefore provided convincing evidence on the possible widespread valorization of spent shea waste in manufacture of lightweight clay bricks with improved insulation properties. Hence, an ecofriendly disposal method of spent shea waste.


Molecular based on ZigZag Silicene Planar NanoRibbon (ZZSiPNR): Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Extended Hückel Theory / Non-Equilibrium Green Function (EHT/ Abstract In this work we propose an investigation of the electronic transport properties of a Molecular Junction (MJ) composed by ZigZag Silicene Planar NanoRibbon (ZZSiPNR) by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) on the Unit Cell (UC) and Extended Hückel Theory / Non-Equilibrium Green Function (EHT/NEGF) using the Landauer-Buttiker formule for ZZSiPNR coupled to two Leads of the same chemical species forming the MJ. Our results exhibit Topological Insulator (TI) behavior due the valence and conduction bands pass an odd number of times (five times) by ɛ F for the UC at zero bias, while for the MJ a non-linear region characteristic of a Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) at V e = 1.7V emerge in the I-V e curve characterizing an electronic nanodevice, Resonant Tunnel Diode-Like, RTD-Like. This non-linear voltage region coincides with the minima voltage (V min ) in the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) and Lauritsen-Millikan (LM) plots for MJ of ZZSiPNR by Transition-Voltage Spectroscopy (TVS) analysis.


The information system based on the pansystems cost-operations research(PansysCOR)was applied in Guangzhou Wuyang Motor Company started from 2001 and has made economic benefit of reducing annual operation cost 24.62% amount to RMB 9,800,000 comparing with the one in 2001.This paper introduces the basic principles of PansysCOR,including the pansystems panderivative operating yinyang,the principles of perfection-regret-reality-panoptimization,the 8PanMethods, 8 methods of pansystems methodology,and the substance of cost management.By exploring the fundamental limitations of traditional Activity-Based Costing and Management (ABC/M)(Cooper and Kaplan,1999)in practice,an innovative solution to these limitations is presented as the new ABC/M system entitled Pansystems ABC/M from the perspective of internal cost management.Finally,an in-depth structure of cost management research is constructed with the application of the Pansystems Theory.The purpose of this paper is to create an innovative and benchmarking cost management system that is more effective,standardized and flexible in the supply chain competition.


Abstract Simple sugars were used as C‐sources to test whether the chosen Aspergillus niger strain was able to synthesize pectolytic enzymes in a substrate without pectic substances. The most promising results were obtained on commercial sugar (sucrose) which was previously deionized by using a cation exchange resin. Some pectolytic activities such as pectinesterase (PE) and pectin lyase (PL) were similar to those obtained when using a pectin containing substrate. Apple juice depectinizing (AJDA) activity and polygalacturonase (PG) were considerably higher in the sucrose medium. By increasing the sugar concentration from 1.5% to around 15%, the activities increased as follows: AJDA from 15 up to 750 U/ml, PG from 1.8 up to 20 U/ml and PL from 0.14 to 0.65. PE activity was not affected by the sugar concentration. With 14% sugar and other substrate constituents proportionally increased, no benefit was observed with respect to pectolytic activities.


In this study the influence of assembly process steps on reliability behavior of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) products is investigated. A virtual assembly process is developed in Finite Element (FE) model and is validated using experimental results deriving from material characterization as well as robustness results of the LED products. Focus is set on delamination failures and the correlation between failure risk and variations of the assembly process. Additional environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture concentration are taken into account during the assembly process. The FE model gives insights into the relationship between the reliability of the virtual assembled product and the environmental conditions and offers the capability of LED design optimization to ensure the robustness of the products.


Hydraulic conditions in streams strongly influence the type and diversity of biota. Numerical hydrodynamic models allow the hydraulic conditions to be calculated as well as the effects of flow regime changes to be assessed. This paper presents an overview of work aimed at applying a numerical model to mountain streams in order to complement an existing ecological study. Bowyers Stream on the eastern side of New Zealand's Southern Alps is used as a case study in this paper.


Dear Editor, Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral disease caused by molluscipoxvirus. The first peak incidence occurs in preschool children. A second peak incidence occurs in young adults in which the condition is generally considered to be a sexually transmitted disease. Though the disease is self-limiting and the lesions are usually small, discrete, pearly and dome-shaped with central umbilication, atypical and rare varieties could be found in some patients, in which the lesions may be large, confluent or non-umbilicated.


A histogram-based BER estimation method for differential modulation formats is analyzed. It is shown that this BER estimation approach yields more accurate results than conventional extrapolation methods with less simulated symbols.


Chylomicrons of Sf 〉 400 and lipoproteins of Sf 12-400 were separated by ultra-centrifugation from samples of thoracic duct lymph collected from rabbits fed for 1 to 2 weeks previously on diets containing 5 per cent and 30 per cent corn oil or butter and from rats given a single intragastric dose of 0·5 ml. corn oil.

The size of these particles after corn oil was determined by electron microscopy following fixation in osmium tetroxide. In rabbits on the low fat diet the mean diameter of chylomicrons was 960 A with half the triglyceride in particles of diameter greater than 1400 A; on the high fat diet the mean diameter was 1435 A with half the triglyceride in particles of diameter greater than 2700 A. In rats the mean chylomicron diameter was 1094 A in the early phase of fat absorption with half the triglyceride in particles of diameter greater than 1320 A. These figures increased to 2105 A and 3600 A respectively at the peak of fat absorption.

The relationship between the chemical composition of these complexes and their actual size suggests that phospholipid is uniformly distributed on the surface, each phospholipid molecule occupying approximately 65 A2.

Although meaningful electron micrographs of butter chylomicrons could not be obtained, determinations of the triglyceride : phospholipid ratios indicate that, as with the corn oil-fed animals, the chylomicrons from the rabbits fed 30 per cent butter are on the average larger than those from the animals fed 5 per cent butter.


It is now well over a decade since plate tectonics established itself as the dominant paradigm guiding large-scale geological research, but there remains a small minority of iconoclasts that rebels against the new orthodoxy, in particular against the basic tenet that the Earth's diameter has remained unchanged throughout geological history. Whereas the attempt to resurrect the old idea of a contracting Earth appears to be a one-man show (Lyttleton, 1982) the number of adherents to the view, dating back to Hilgenberg (1933), that the Earth has expanded through time, has certainly not diminished, and a symposium on the subject was recently held in Sydney (Carey, 1983). Furthermore, to judge from informal ' off-the-record' discussions, for every individual prepared to commit himor herself to print on the subject, there is a larger number, including some very respectable geologists, who express at least a sneaking sympathy towards the notion of Earth expansion, which has also excited some biogeographers. The situation is altogether reminiscent of the reaction of Wegener's continental drift hypothesis in the interwar years. For this reason alone it would be unwise for the orthodox to be scornfully dismissive without giving careful and openminded consideration to the question. Nevertheless it may be as well to bear in mind that, because Beethoven's late quartets were not well received during his lifetime, it does not necessarily follow that every piece of modern music, however painful to the ear, is the work of a composer whose genius will be posthumously vindicated. Apart from the fact that their authors support Earth expansion, the two books under review here could hardly be more different. King's is a rather discursive, rambling and anecdote-ridden effort, in which a wide range of geological and geomorphological phenomena is discussed. It is full of categoric assertions of heterodox ideas either unsupported or feebly supported by evidence. The following two quotations illustrate King's assertive style and also give the essence of his major thesis. ' What is abundantly clear from postwar researches is that all the major oceans, and their basins, have enlarged in volume throughout Phanerozoic time. Not one of them has diminished with time. All are expanding now.' ' Whatever the mechanism of continental drift may be, it originates fundamentally beneath the lithospheric crust and is expressed vertically (radially within the globe). The horizontal (drift) factor at the Earth's surface is derived from the vertical as a result of spherical Earth geometry.. .Continents do not enlarge; they have been essentially the same size through 2000 million years.'


This paper presents the structure of an energy management system for distributed energy resources of a grid-connected microgrid. The energy management system of a grid-connected microgrid collects information of the microgrid such as the status of distributed energy resources and the time varying pricing plan through various protocols. The energy management system performs forecasting and optimization based on the collected information. It derives the operation schedule of distributed energy resources to reduce the microgrid electricity bill. In order to achieve optimal operation, the energy management system should include an optimal scheduling algorithm and a protocol that transfers the derived schedule to distributed energy resources. The energy management system operates as a rolling horizon controller in order to reduce the effect of a prediction error. Derived control schedules are transmitted to the distributed energy resources in real time through the international standard communication protocol. 논문 / 전력망 연계형 마이크로그리드 최적운영을 위한 분산에너지자원 에너지관리시스템


Four new species are described and illustrated, Cobbonchus eurystoma n. sp., C. heynsi n. sp., C. dianae n. sp., and C. ockerti n. sp. C. eurystoma is distinguishable from other members of the genus by the shape of the stoma which is broad with small teeth. C. heynsi resembles C. mauritianus (Williams) Clark in some respects but differs with regard to the shape of the tail, the position of the amphidial apertures and the presence of a single prodelphic ovary. Certain features are similar in C. dianae and C. pounamua Clark, but important points of difference are size, the shape of the tail, the position of the nerve ring and the possession of one prodelphic ovary by C. dianae. The elongate stoma and small teeth of C. ockerti separate it from the other species. C. mauritianus (Williams) Clark was identified. A key to the known species of the genus is provided.


In  this  paper,  I  study  the  challenging  problem  of  optimizing  gateway placement for throughput in Wireless Mesh Networks.  I compare my study ofGenetic  Algorithm  (GA),  Ant  Colony  Optimization  (ACO)  and  Particle Swarm  Optimization  (PSO)  to  solve  the  optimal  gateway  placement  in Wireless  Mesh  Networks  problem.  I  generate  the  locations  of  gateway randomly and independently and choose the router with the highest weight as potential location for gateway placement use multi-traffic-flow weight. In the my  algorithms  based on GA  and PSO,  I calculate the fitness value of each scheme and update them step by step with the best method to quickly find the optimal.  With  ACO  algorithm,  I  calculate  the  probability  and  pheromone values of ants will choose to go from current gateway i to next client j. After each iteration, the pheromone values are updated by all the number of ants that have reached to the destination successfully and found the optimal solution.Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm has achieved much better than previous studies.


(+)-Juvabione, a natural sesquiterpene exhibiting insect juvenile hormone activity, has been synthesized from sigma-symmetric 4-(2-formyl-ethyl)cyclohexanone by employing organocatalytic asymmetric aldolization and Norrish I-type fragmentation as the key steps.


Abstract Numerous compounds derived from natural sources such as microbes, plants, and insects have proven to be safe, efficacious, and cost-effective therapeutics for human diseases. This study examined the bioactivities of propolis, a structural sealant and antibacterial/antifungal agent produced by honey bees. Chinese propolis was extracted in methanol or hexane. Propolis significantly reduced the numbers of viable cancer cells when applied as a methanol extract (IC50 values in μg/mL for the indicated cell line: MDA-MB-231, 74.12; LoVo, 74.12; HepG2, 77.74; MCF7, 95.10; A549, 114.84) or a hexane extract (MDA-MB-231, 52.11; LoVo, 45.9; HepG2, 52.11; MCF7, 78.01; A549, 67.90). Hexane extract also induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells according to activated caspase-3/7 expression assays (17.6 ± 2.9% at 150 μg/mL and 89.2 ± 1.9% at 300 μg/mL vs 3.4 ± 0.4% in vehicle control), suppressed the growth of Candida albicans and multiple multidrug-resistant and nonresistant Gram-positive bacteria, and inhibited croton oil-induced skin inflammation when applied as topical treatment. GC-MS identified hexadecanoic acid methyl ester as a major constituent (33.6%). Propolis hexane extract has potential anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.


In this paper, we will present a nonlinear-model-based adaptive semiactive control algorithm developed for magnetorheological (MR) suspension systems exposed to broadband nonstationary random vibration sources that are assumed to be unknown or not measurable. If there exist unknown and/or varying parameters of the dynamic system such as mass and stiffness, then the adaptive algorithm can include on-line system identification such as a recursive least-squares method. Based on a nonparametric MR damper model, the adaptive system stability is proved by converting the hysteresis inherent with MR dampers to a memoryless nonlinearity with sector conditions. The convergence of the adaptive system, however, is investigated through a linearization approach including further numerical illustration of specific cases. Finally the simulation results for a magnetorheological seat suspension system with the suggested adaptive control are presented. The results are compared with low-damping and high-damping cases, and such comparison further shows the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear model-based adaptive control algorithm for damping tuning.


A critical evaluation of the rates of the dissociation and recombination reactions of fluorine and chlorine is given. Data are presented graphically and in tabular form. The effect of various third bodies is discussed. Rate expressions for specified temperature ranges are recommended, while comparison with theoretical values obtained from the Benson and Fueno theory is made where applicable.


AT the Seventh Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, which was held in Washington last September, the International Association of Scientific Hydrology, one of the component units of the Union, effected the consolidation of two of its own commissions-the Commission of Snow and the Commission of Glaciers. The action was taken after a preliminary poll of the membership of the two commissions had shown an overwhelming majority in favour of the consolidation. Moreover, the presidents of both commissions, Prof. J. E. Church, of the University of Nevada, U.S.A. (snow), and Mr. J. M. Wordie, of St. John's College, Cambridge, Britain (glaciers), had strongly recommended it.


Concurrency control protocols based on multiversions have been used in some commercial transaction processing systems in order to provide both the serializable executions of transactions and a higher degree of concurrency. In the existing protocols based on multiversions, transactions are scheduled so as to read the most recent version of each of data items for serializability. This feature sometimes causes unnecessary blockings of transactions. Thus, it is not desirable in some advanced database systems, which have additional features such as temporal constraints or security requirements. In this paper we first propose alternative correctness criteria, namely FR-serializability, for multiversion concurrency control protocols. Next, we present a new protocol for real-time secure database systems as one application area of the proposed serializability. We also present several examples to illustrate the behavior of the proposed protocol along with performance comparisons with other protocols.


ABSTRACT Machining of difficult to cut materials at advanced range of machining variable is the requirement of industry 4.0 for achieving sustainable machining goals taking into consideration energy, ecology and economy. However, due to lack of information on the machining data the material is regarded as difficult to cut. Therefore, to enhance the machining performance of Hastelloy C-276 the experimental investigations have been conducted at different levels of input parameters using CNMG120408 cutting inserts under various cooling conditions. The RSM-based CCD approach has been used to to generate the design of experiment along with ANOVA analysis for finding the influence of input factors on the output signal. Investigations results exhibited that the less cutting temperature, better surface quality and lower chip reduction coefficient have been reported in vegetable oil MQL machining. Research pointed out that the S.R. is influenced by cutting speed, doc, cooling environments and feed rate; likewise the impact has been reported for cutting temperature, while the CRC is less dominated by doc compared to other parameter. The percentage errors evaluated for S.R, temperature and CRC have been reported as 0.53%, −1.52% and 1.81% indicates the significance of developed model.


Pediatricians often find themselves sitting across from teenagers trying to counsel them on wise and safe sexual practices. Unsure how much or what kind of information parents provide about sex, these conversations can be as awkward as they are important.


Takakura is the research result of scientist Mr. Koji Takakura from Japan. Takakura composting is one of many composting methods not only household composting scale, but also regional scale. This method does not require large tracts of land and its capacity matches with the volume of domestic waste that is disposed by households daily. Household organic waste can be managed easily with this composting method, odorless, does not take a lot of time in the processing and the results are directly utilized. The aim of this research was to know the effect of anorganic (NPK) fertilization and takakura organic fertilization with EM4 addition on growth and production of mung bean. The research was done at Jerukgulung Village, Dempet Area, Demak Regency and Laboratory of Biology and Structure and Function of Plant Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University. The design that was used for this research was completely randomized design with single factor, it was the kinds of fertilizer that were used. The data was then analyzed using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA) then continued with Duncan Multiple Test (DMRT) at significant rate 95% to find the real difference. The parameters used were the plant height, number of leaves, number of flower, number of fruit, number of seed, plant fresh weight, fruit fresh weight, seed fresh weight, plant dry weight, fruit dry weight and seed dry weight. The result shows that takakura organic fertilization with EM4 addition influences the plant height, number of leaves, number of flower, number of fruit, plant fresh weight, fruit fresh weight, seed fresh weight and plant dry weight, but doesn't has any influence to number of seed, fruit dry weight and seed dry weight. Keywords: takakura, anorganic, mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.), growth, production.


This experiment was carried out during the 2012 and 2013 seasons on polyembryonic 'Zebda' mango seeds planted at the nursery of pomology department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt. This study aimed to investigate the effect of quick dipping in different plant growth regulators, namely, GA3, IBA (indole butyric acid) and BAP (benzyl amino burine) at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm besides the control on seedling yield of mango seeds. The results indicated that GA3 at 500 and 4000 ppm as well as IBA at 500 ppm significantly increased the total seedling yield expressed as number of emerged seedling per seed and germination percent. Seedling length and vigor index were significantly increased by GA3 at 2000 and 4000 ppm compared to the control. Leaf number per seedling increased significantly by GA3 application at 2000 ppm. BAP treatments had a negative effect on most of the studied parameters.


A method is presented for the explicit construction of a family of equivalent local potentials from a given nonlocal separable potential. This procedure can be also applied in the case when a Coulomb potential is added to the separable short range interaction.


Functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanofibers (CNFs) are attractive not only because they are theoretically easier to disperse in organic solvents and water, but also because there is some evidence that these modifications may enhance solubility and/or decrease cytotoxicity in biomedical applications. The cellular toxicity of CNTs and CNFs was tested in vitro on breast cancer cells. A Cell survival assay was evaluated with different concentrations of unmodified and modified CNTs and CNFs.


'Atlantic' is a white-skinned potato, being the standard variety for chiping commonly cultivated in Florida (Figure 1). The cultivar was released as a white mutant of the USDA breeding program. It was selected from a cross of Wauseon and Lenape (UDSA seedling B5141-6). 'Atlantic' was released in July 1976 by the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA, the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Virginia Truck and Ornamentals Research Station, the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station (Webb et al. 1978). Production and quality results provided in this spotlight are summarized from various trials conducted by the University of Florida over the past 22 years.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1278
This is a minor revision with an added author. Originally published 3/2016:
Mwatuwa, Rodrick, Christian Christensen, and Lincoln Zotarelli. 2020. "University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: Atlantic". EDIS 2016 (3), 3. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-hs1278-2016.


Satellite imagery data typically requires the use of interpolation techniques during the orthorectification and registration stages of processing. Given that satellite imagery is typically undersampled, interpolation cannot perfectly recover the original signal and therefore consideration must be given to the concept of the optimal interpolation technique for a given application. We address these issues and suggest a metric to define interpolation quality. We also propose a new interpolation scheme which performs well for certain classes of image features, most importantly sub-pixel image features and features of low pixel count.


To explore how the polymer in penicillin was removed by weak alkali ion exchange resin.The ion exchange resin was applied to penicillin production and XX-16 weak-base anion-exchange resin which can remove the impurities in penicillin was selected.The impurities were effectively absorbed by selective exchange and adsorption of resin.Therefore,the polymer in penicillin can be effectively removed.


Taylor and Francis FBSS_A_372531.sgm 10.1080/14683850902723611 Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 468-3857 (pri t)/1743-9639 (o line) Original Article 2 09 & Francis 90 000Ma ch 2009 Dim t isLiv o di email@example.com Networks of power in modern Greece: essays in honour of John Campbell, edited by Mark Mazower, London, Hurst Publishers, 2008, x+278 pp., 1 map, £25.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-85065-922-8


The present invention discloses a cognitive state of a handheld electronic device. By cognitive status, a handheld communication device can determine the user's location, activity, and / or physical or emotional state. Communication and 3) determine how to present the status of the user to another user; 1) prompts the user to determine how incoming communication; 2) determine which format is used to communicate with the user: This information in turn can be used for various purposes, such as device.


This article describes the Z‐SAGA pulse sequence, a technique for recovering susceptibility losses in EPI images for neuroimaging applications. The pulse sequence is based on an asymmetric spin echo EPI sequence and acquires a gradient echo image and an asymmetric spin echo image in a single shot. For one of the images, a z‐shim gradient pulse is applied to compensate for susceptibility‐related field distortions. The two images are combined to form an image with reduced signal loss. This sequence is simple to implement and experimentally demonstrated to be effective for BOLD imaging. Magn Reson Med 51:212–216, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The structure of 2-hydroxymethylpyridine N-oxide was determined from X-ray diffractometer data by a direct method. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with cell dimensions a = 7.079, b = 8.046, c = 10.599 A, cosβ = −0.2252. A total of 1241 independent reflections were refined to an R value of 0.06. The N-O dative bond has a length of 1.321 A and the dative oxygen is bonded to a hydroxyl group on a symmetry related molecule by an inter-molecular hydrogen bond. The structure corroborates recent findings concerning the relationship between the strength of hydrogen bonding to a dative oxygen and the length of the NO dative bond.


Adat is an idea in which there are values. Each community usually has customs that can reflect the soul and personality of the community. One of them is the people of Kuala Bangka Village who have upah-upah tondi. Upah-upah tondi are ceremonies whose purpose is to restore the spirit of individuals who feel threatened by their lives. This study aims to examine the customs of upah-upah tondi. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods with interviews, observations, documentation and literature studies as data collectors. Upah-upah tondi are considered to have a relationship with Islamic counseling guidance because in the upah-upah tondi there is a value of advice or guidance, social value, spiritual value and there is the same meaning of aqidah as counseling guidance. However, there is a difference where guiding in the custom of upah-upah tondi is carried out by the family or community. While in counseling guidance, guidance is given by an expert to the individual and can be done in the short term or long term called follow-up


A fetch-dependent boundary-layer model, driven by observed temperature sounding data, is used to examine theoretical heights of buoyant convection (H) above open leads in the wintertime pack ice of the central Arctic. Assuming wet adiabatic ascent with no entrainment or friction, H is estimated as the height at which the model-predicted equivalent potential temperature at saturation above a lead (θel) intersects with the same value of equivalent potential temperature at saturation (θe) derived from vertical sounding profiles. H increases with increasing lead width. For a 1000-m lead, the widest which can be reasonably expected for the central Arctic, the median value of H is approximately 1000 m, slightly below the median top of the low-level Arctic temperature inversion layer. While H shows large variability, events of convection up to 4 km, as recently observed from lidar backscatter data, appear to be fairly rare. First, these events require an open lead of at least 10,000 m. Second, while H tends to be largest under conditions of low surface wind speed, low surface temperature, and a weak low-level temperature inversion, this combination appears to be atypical of Arctic conditions. Third, while the meteorological conditions that should favor the development of open leads tend to minimize H, conditions favoring large H are also those in which any newly developed leads will quickly ice over.


This paper analyzes the current standardizatiOn activities involved in large scale digital mapping in China. It studies the contents of the local standards in this field in Ningbo city, Zhejiang Province, and it details the main characteristics and the implementations of these standards. The mentioned set of local standards provides assurance for digital production normalization and standardization and for quality digital products. Hence, it enables digital products exchanging and information sharing between various organizations, and maximally reduces their duplication efforts in mapping activities.


Incidence estimation of HIV infection can be performed using recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) results from a cross-sectional sample. This allows practitioners to understand population trends in the HIV epidemic without having to perform longitudinal follow-up on a cohort of individuals. The utility of the approach is limited by its precision, driven by the (low) sensitivity of the RITA at identifying recent infection. By utilizing results of previous HIV tests that individuals may have taken, we consider an enhanced RITA with increased sensitivity (and specificity). We use it to propose an enhanced estimator for incidence estimation. We prove the theoretical properties of the enhanced estimator and illustrate its numerical performance in simulation studies. We apply the estimator to data from a cluster-randomized trial to study the effect of community-level HIV interventions on HIV incidence. We demonstrate that the enhanced estimator provides a more precise estimate of HIV incidence compared to the standard estimator.


The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for surveying is now widespread and operational for several applicationsarcheological site surveys, forest management, aerial mapping for smart city, land monitoring and others. In engineering survey works, the conventional survey involves huge cost, labour, and time. UAVs are very practical in providing reliable information and can provide the output that meets the accuracy of engineering surveys. This paper aims to show the potential of using MAEU UAV for topographic survey of transmission line. To accomplish this, the system was designed to incorporate light weight, endurance covered 1 hour, payload 2kg, equipped with specialized design to get the safety conditions in Pegu mountainous region. The research process included an optimization of airframe design, flight stability and performance, and flight process for topographic survey. Keywords—Unmanned Aerial Vehicle; Aircraft design and structure; Autonomous flight reliability; Aerial survey planning; Ground control system.


The compressive and tensile properties of PLLA/PBSL polymer blends (90/10, 80/20, 70/30) were measured using a universal testing machine and split Hopkinson bar methods. The yield stress of static and dynamic compressive tests for the polymer blends decreased gradually with increasing PBSL. When PLLA/PBSL =100/0, 90/10 and 80/20, a wave-like shape such as Mackerel pattern were observed on the fracture surfaces of specimens after the static tensile tests. The fracture surfaces after the dynamic tensile tests were flat.


To investigate whether the mucin 1(MUC1) induced by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) infection can prevent RSV from accessing and infecting airway epithelial cells thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response,we transfected two kinds of airway epithelial cells(A549 and HEp-2) with eukaryotic expression vector of pcDNA3.1-MUC1 to overexpress MUC1,and then used RSV to infect the MUC1-overexpressed airway epithelial cells and normal airway epithelial cells transfected with pcDNA3.1,and finally compared the RSV titer in two kinds of cells.Our results showed that RSV infected the two kinds of airway epithelial cells in vitro successfully,and the plaque in HEp-2 cells caused by RSV was easier to count than in A549 cells.It was found that there was no significant difference of RSV titer between the airway epithelial cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-MUC1 and control plasmid pcDNA3.1 in two kinds of airway epithelial cells.We conclude that overexpressed MUC1 in airway epithelial cells could not prevent RSV from accessing and infecting airway epithelial cells,suggesting that MUC1's inhibition of RSV-induced inflammation is not through its physical barrier function.


In this article we consider a general family of regularized models for incompressible two-phase flows based on the Allen-Cahn formulation in n-dimensional compact Riemannian manifolds, for d = 2, 3. The system we consider consists of a regularized family of Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid velocity u coupled with a convective Allen-Cahn equation for the order (phase) parameter φ. We discretize these equations in time using the implicit Euler scheme and we prove that the discrete attractors generated by the numerical scheme converge to the global attractor of the continuous system as the time-step approaches zero.


Background. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has pandemic proportions worldwide. Numerous studies have reported high prevalence of VDD in the sunniest areas of the world, such as Near East and North Africa (NENA) including Libya. To contribute to the body of evidence, measurement of vitamin D status on Libyan population at Tobruk region was conducted. Methods . A total of 568 cases (169 males and 399 females) aged 0 to >40 years were tested for vitamin D level. Serum 25(OH)D was analysed using ECLIA assay by Cobas machine e 411. The associations of the levels of 25(OH)D3 with gender, and age groups were assessed throughout using the Chi-square test on SPSS software. Results. The results showed that the participants with VDD (< 20 ng/L) recorded the highest percentage (52.1%), followed by those with insufficient level (20-50ng/L) (46.3%) while those with high level or adequate (> 50 ng/L) were found the lowest percentage (1.6%). The results revealed a significant correlation (X2=23.28; P<0.01) between the age group and vitamin D level. Moreover, the results revealed that the youngest participants (0 – 20 years) recorded the highest percentage (59.3%) of optimum level of vitamin D, while those oldest ones with age group as 21-30 years, 31-40 and >40 years have the highest frequencies (60.6, 56.2 and 57.5% respectively) of low level of vitamin D. The results revealed that more than half of population in Tobruk city may have low vitamin D level. Conclusion . The situation calls for multi-sectoral actions and public health initiatives to address dietary and lifestyle habits. sunlight exposure may enhance vitamin D level. The results showed that the female participants observed highest frequency of low level of vitamin D (Vitamin D deficiency), while the males recorded the highest frequency of optimum level of vitamin D. The analysis of variance results showed that gender and age group of participants significantly influenced the blood vitamin D concentration and males had significantly (P<0.05) greater blood vitamin D than females.


If the future was known with certainty, it would have happened. Life is risky as we cannot remember the future. The future is going to happen anyway, so prepare for it. If you know what is going to happen, it's easy; it's preparing for what you don't know that is hard. Last year doesn't happen; it's been. This chapter introduces the concept of risk and how smallholder farmers have to live with it.


We propose an alternative formulation of the Z 2 topological index for quantum spin Hall systems and band insulators when time reversal invariance is not broken. The index is expressed in terms of the Chern numbers of the bands of the model, and a connection with the number of pairs of robust edge states is thus established. The alternative index is easy to compute in most cases of interest. We also discuss connections with the recently proposed spin Chern number for quantum spin Hall models.


This paper introduces the main characteristic of fractal and fractal art, expounds the staple implementation of fractal .Combining the realistic need of packing and anti-counterfeiting for modern products, we propose the idea of applying fractal to anti-counterfeiting of products. A Mandelbrot SET generating program have been realized by Visual C++, which can be used for anti-counterfeiting. We also propose applying fractal animation to anti-counterfeiting.


Assuming a quasi-TEM mode of wave propagation and using Conformal Mapping Technique, simple, closed-form and accurate expressions have been arrived at for the Offset - Parallel Strip Transmission Line (abbrv. Offset-PSTL) in free space. A model has been proposed for evaluating the effective dielectric constant of the Offset-PSTL photo-etched on the dielectric sheet.


The electrostrictive mechanism of optical nonlinearity in the artificial Kerr-like medium is analyzed. The recording of the dynamic hologram is significantly non-linear process at high intensities of radiation. The model of the nonideal gas of nanoparticles includes the second virial coefficient only and allows the exact solution of the nonlinear equation. The amplitude of phase grating depends exponentially versus intensity but it saturates at the high filling factor due to the repulsion effect.


An internal arcing fault within switchgear is a rare occurrence, however, if precautions are not taken, the consequences of such a failure will be serious, expensive and possibly tragic. The demise of oil switchgear opened up the opportunity to provide a standard of safety that would not have been otherwise possible. To bring order to the industry, various national and international standards have been produced to standardise the simulation of internal arcing faults for test and verification purposes. (3 pages)


Background The uniqueness and complexity of rare diseases, together with a perceived lack of understanding from health professionals, can make caring for someone with a rare disease extremely challenging. Carers are often forced to become expert patients alongside people they care for. Due to the demands placed upon carers it is essential that appropriate support is available for them to ensure they can continue to carry out this vital role. This exploratory study researched challenges carers face when looking after someone with a rare disease and identify how they could be better supported in this role. Methods To be eligible to participate, respondents had to be adults caring for someone with a rare disease. Mixed methods were used including an online survey (n=57 respondents) where carers highlighted a need for better support specific to their mental health needs, liaising with health and social care professionals, financial, communication, training and respite options. During a facilitated workshop (n=32 attendees) discussions focused on challenges carers face as well as priorities to better support carer needs in the future. Results While carers reported several positive aspects of their caring role, the majority of comments highlighted challenges such as sub-optimal interactions with healthcare professionals, insufficient (or absent) emotional, psychological and social support, lack of financial support, and lack of awareness of existing support services. Conclusion It is important that strategies are put in place to ensure that carers take the time they need to care for themselves and raise awareness of available support options for carers of people with a rare disease(s) from health and social care providers, charities, or support groups.


This thesis summarizes several contributions to the areas of musical signal processing and virtual-analog musical sound synthesis. In virtual analog music synthesis, the waveform oscillators and the audio filters are usually required to be smoothly modulated, often to audio rates. As such, efficient synthesis requires the design of efficiently variable algorithms for these synthesis blocks.
The design of efficiently variable filters requires the understanding of how they vary with their parameters. The most popular virtual-analog filters are of a class (pole-variable filters) which vary primarily via the motion of their poles. The Root Locus Method is proposed as a framework for understanding the variation of such filters, and several filters are analyzed as a demonstration, including popular analog filter types (the State-Variable Filter and the four-pole lowpass filter designed by Robert Moog). Root locus analysis also suggests directions for designing filters, or may be used directly in designs. This informs a series of experiments in creating digital filters in the style of Moog's lowpass filter, culminating in a few new designs.
The design of efficiently variable waveform generators is approached with the goal of reducing abasing artifacts in the generated waves. Popular waveforms in virtual analog synthesis are rich in harmonics, and their analog counterparts have extremely wide bandwidths, such that care must be taken when generating digital versions. A methodology is proposed whereby a useful subset of the desired waveforms can be derived from a Bandlimited Impulse Train (BLIT) via linear operations, which will preserve any bandlimiting which may exist in the BLIT. Further, methods for implementing BLITs are explored and contrasted, including a method introduced by the author.
Finally, methods for rendering visualizations of root loci are reviewed; as such visualizations are necessary in the use of the method as an analysis tool. A recent advance in implicit-function rendering was found to be of particular use, and its application to locus rendering allowed the creation of programs for interactive exploration of root loci and their behaviors, which assist in the goal of building user intuition into variable-filter behavior.


Дослідження спрямоване на встановлення семантичного та стилістичного потенціалу онейричного повістування в романі Дж. М. Кутзее «Waiting for the Barbarians». Онейричні епізоди розглядаються в роботі як форми психонаративу, який є не лише засобом розкриття внутрішнього світу персонажа, а й слугує певними смисловим кодом, що зумовлює процес розуміння та інтерпретації зазначеного художнього твору.
(The study aims at revealing semantic and stylistic potential of dream narrative in J. M. Coetzee's «Waiting for the Barbarians». Dream narrative is regarded as a form of psychonarration. The latter is viewed from two perspectives: as a special narrative technique applied to portray the personage's inner world, his/her psychological and emotional state thus rendering the author's perception of objective reality; and as a verbal presentation of situations and events which describe
the character's inner life. The article suggests an idiogenre approach to the study of psychonarration which puts together two features of a literary text: its genre and the author's idiostyle. Dream narrative creates the alternative story of the main character's painful and ambivalent process of personal growth, his desire to disentangle himself from an imperial regime.
Dream narrative is manifested by a sequence of fragmentary, non-linear episodes bound via a montage technique. Montage allows the author to link incongruous or even absolutely different notions, events, and characteristics. Being an expressive compositional device, montage highlights essential and important episodes in the plot structure and links real and unreal
events. Thus, dream narrative performs two key functions in the novel under analysis: on the one hand, it models the image of the character; on the other hand, it serves as a special code which gives the reader an access to the text semantics as well a directs the program of text understanding and interpretation.)


Aedes (Stegomyia) riversi Bohart and Ingram is recorded for the second time from Tsushima, an island north of Kyushu, Japan. This record confirms that riversi is indigenous to Tsushima. Distribution records from two islands west of Kyushu are also included. The drifiin of these northern populations is discussed. populations


Acoustic color is a descriptor of the dual dependences of backscattering cross section or its logarithmic form, target strength, of an underwater object on sonar frequency and angle of incidence. Use of `color' refers, in one sense, to the coding of backscattering cross section by color on a figure whose axes are frequency and angle. In a larger sense, `color' refers to the frequency dependence of backscattering, in analogy with optics, recognizing that the spectral dependence can convey significantly more information about the scattering object than the angle dependence alone. Here, acoustic color is computed for 13 pollack (Pollachius pollachius) swimbladders for which high-resolution morphometric data are available. The represented total fish length range is 31.5-44.5 cm. Investigated frequencies span the range 35-125 kHz, and investigated angles for vertically downward ensonification span the range of tilt angles from 45 deg head down to 45 deg head up. Since high-frequency acoustic scattering by fish is dominated by the swimbladder when present, the backscattering cross section of the swimbladder is a very good approximation to that of the entire fish. The assumption of high frequencies also supports use of the Kirchhoff-approximation scattering model applied to the digital representation of the swimbladder wall as a pressure-release surface. Computational results are shown for a particular specimen, and for the entire set of specimens when averaged with respect to the backscattering cross section. Differences of individual dependences with respect to the mean are computed. Cross-correlation coefficients of the difference functions are then computed and further quantified in a covariance matrix.


We consider two groups of large deep-sea agglutinated foraminifera: 1) robust, tubular astrorhizaceans (Bathysiphon, Rhabdammina) and hippocrepinaceans (Hyperammina, Saccorhiza) which reach several centimeters or more in length and contain a substantial protoplasmic mass (sarcode); and 2) delicate komokiaceans with tests typically 1-5 mm in size and forming a branching tubule system containing accumulations of stercomata and sparse protoplasm, sometimes with fine sediment incorporated between the tubules to form a mudball structure. The tubular taxa occur in eutrophic settings, usually on continental margins, where the food supply originates from strong surface primary production, currents, or downslope transport. We speculate that they are opportunists, able to grow fairly quickly when food is available. The large sarcode may provide a buffer against periods of food shortage, enabling these taxa to take advantage of a relatively high but fluctuating food input. Komokiaceans, on the other hand, have a "large volume/low biomass" organization and are most important in oligotrophic, central oceanic regions. We speculate that the combination of relatively large body size and low protoplasmic content may reflect slow growth and longevity; it may also serve to reduce the food content of komokiaceans and hence their attractiveness to predators. In order to illustrate these contrasting groups, we briefly consider faunas from the Oman margin (3400 m depth) and NE Atlantic abyssal plains (4850-4950 m depth), distinguishing between: 1) oligotrophic, central oceanic regions rich in komokiaceans (Madeira Abyssal Plain); 2) central oceanic regions with seasonal phytodetritus inputs where komokiaceans coexist with small (


Disclosed is a growth method of carbon-doped sapphire crystal through a guided mode method, which is characterized in that the guide mode method and a molybdenum-die are adopted for the growth of Alpha-Al2O3:C crystals. The alumina block with a certain weight through the high temperature sintering is disposed in a crucible of the molybdenum guided mode die, loaded inside a pulling furnace that is in vacuum-pumping to 10 to 10 Pa. Through the resistance heating, the temperature is continuously increased to 2050 to 2100 DEG C and then in constant temperature for 0.5 to 1 hour. Afterwards, the seed crystals are used for the growth of Alpha-Al2O3:C crystals. The Alpha-Al2O3:C crystals obtained from the growth are disposed in an annealing furnace of 1000 to 1500 DEG C under an atmosphere of hydrogen to preserve the heat for 50 to 100 hours. With the invention, the Alpha-Al2O3:C crystals with excellent thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence properties can rapidly grow. Therefore, the invention can be applied in the manufacturing of highly sensitive thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence detector.


Rock breaking, rock excavation, concrete breaking, foundation rock breaking, trenching, tunnel widening in sensitive environments such as close to high rise buildings, schools, hospitals, roads, electrical installations, existing and operative dam foundations, piers, pipeline laying below ground, indoors and secondary breaking of large rock boulders in quarries, are growing burning problem in most of the coal and other mines, big cities and metros. Uses of Drilling and Blasting with conventional explosives for rock breaking in such cases are either prohibitive because of the act, rules and regulations of the country's laws or not feasible due to local problems since even a controlled blasting technique causes vibrations, fly rock and noise beyond the permissible limits.In all such cases one of the big limitations is excavation output to meet the construction timetable.The rapidly growing civil excavation and infrastructure in India for sensitive rock breaking is estimated at about 5 million m3 per annum. The NoneX rock breaking method, developed by NXCO Mining Technologies, has been extensively used in several applications in wide Varity of rock conditions. The NoneX technology allows a tailored rock breaking (TRB) approach whereby energy can be applied more efficiently to break and dislodge the rock in a controlled fashion, which can be optimally adapted to suit the rock breaking requirements of any particular situation in all types of rock conditions. NoneX cartridges with inbuilt detonators will not pose problems as the detonators contain explosives (similar to PETN powder) are also classified under Division 1.4S Chemicals by UN and classified as class-6/7 blasting caps explosive as per Indian explosive regulations, 1983/reaffirmed in 2005. The advantages of non-detonating Pyrotechnic system of rock breakage in open pit mining and civil construction sites greatly reduced the "danger Zone" to 30 m from 250 m with the conventional blasting because with this system the energy required to break a unit volume of rock mass was 1/10 of the energy required with the conventional blasting using high explosives. The lower use of energy resulted in significant reduction in fly rock, air blast and blast induced ground vibrations. In addition the over breaks were greatly reduced resulting in reduction of damage and supports to the rock mass. As a result of reduced evacuation distance of 20 to 30 m for personnel and equipment's the restrictions for continuous operation and excavation near the power lines, pipe lines and high rise buildings also significantly reduced thereby increasing the overall productivity. It is anticipated that the efficient use of non-explosive rock breaking techniques will make the concept of "Underground Space Technology" a more viable option in our cities where underground space will demand a premium in short term future. Underground space is an increasing popular option for car parks, and storage places in several highly urbanized areas and these non-explosive methods are one of the most applicable methods to use for excavation in most of the developing and developed countries where more and more stringent laws and regulations are being enforced with regards to disturbance. Keywords—non-detonating pyrotechnic composition; controlled blasting; danger zone; Pulse plasma I.INTRODUCTION Present trend world over in mining is bigger and bigger sizes of surface mines with bigger and bigger earth moving machines involving large amount of explosives coupled with sprawl of urbanization and increased public environmental consciousness. Large amounts of mineral reserves are locked-up in the lease areas of several mines in India because of the unplanned growth of rural and urban populations over years around mining areas. Many infrastructure projects are suffering in terms of time and cost overruns because of public protests and greater environmental consciousness. These have called for much greater control over blast induced ground vibrations, noise and fly rocks in the vicinity of habitation like construction of metro stations, tunnels, airports etc. by way of identifying a system of blasting which can give desired results in the most economical way without damaging nearby structures and raising noise and flyrock. For evolving newer and safer explosives and initiation systems it is necessary to clearly understand the recent advances in dynamics of rock breakage. For increasing production and productivity the mine operators and infrastructure companies are to adopt latest technology available globally. Therefore, R&D efforts should be directed in India for the newer generation of safe non detonating explosives /pyrotechnic compositions and initiation systems. Recent Advances in Rock Engineering (RARE 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 361