We present a physically based absorption-line model for the spectroscopic study of the intergalactic medium (IGM). This model adopts results from Cloudy simulations and theoretical calculations by Gnat & Sternberg to examine the resulting observational signatures of the absorbing gas with the following ionization scenarios: collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE), photoionization equilibrium, hybrid (photo- plus collisional ionization), and non-equilibrium cooling. As a demonstration, we apply this model to new observations made with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope of the IGM absorbers at z ∼ 0.1877 along the 1ES 1553+113 sight line. We identify Lyα, C iii, O vi, and N v absorption lines with two distinct velocity components (blue at zb = 0.18757; red at zr = 0.18772) separated by Δ(cz)/(1 + z) ≈ 38 km s−1. Joint analyses of these lines indicate that none of the examined ionization scenarios can be applied with confidence to the blue velocity component, although photoionization seems to play a dominant role. For the red component, CIE can be ruled out, but pure photoionization and hybrid scenarios (with T < 1.3 × 105 K) are more acceptable. The constrained ranges of hydrogen density and metallicity of the absorbing gas are nH = (1.9–2.3) × 10−5 cm-3 and Z = (0.43–0.67) Z☉. These constraints indicate O vi and H i ionization fractions, fO vi = 0.10–0.15 and fH i = (3.2–5.1) × 10−5, with total hydrogen column density NH = (0.7–1.2) × 1018 cm−2. This demonstration shows that the joint analysis of multiple absorption lines can constrain the ionization state of an absorber, and results used to estimate the baryonic matter contained in the absorber.


ABSTRACT In order to investigate organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) concentrations in maize and estimate the health risk to consumers, a total of 55 samples were collected from Yushu, one of the most important maize production areas. The concentrations of the eleven detected OPs in maize were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). The results showed that OPs concentrations of all maize were not higher than maximum residue limit (MRL), 67.3% of samples below MRL and only in 32.7% of samples was not found OPs. The mean concentrations obtained for the eleven OPs in μg kg-1 were as follows: omethoate (0.8), quinalphos (0.8), phorate (0.7), dimethoate (0.7), parathion-methyl (0.6), isocarbophos (0.6), diazinon (0.5), fenitrothion (0.5), and malathion (0.5), with parathion (0.5) and fenthion (0.3). Phorate (16.4%), dimethoate (16.4%) and quinalphos (16.4%) had the highest frequency in the eleven OPs. 29.1% samples contained two or more kinds of OPs, while 38.2% samples detected one kind of OPs. The target hazard quotients (THQ) values were all less than one and the total acute hazard index (aHI) values for adults and children were 0.051 and 0.121, respectively indicating that consumer may not pose significant chronic and acute health risk through maize.


A significant part of arable lands on slopes is subject to removal from active processing, and to alkalization with perennial herbs. We know that the most productive are those agro-phytocenoses, forming based on a single-species sowing of alfalfa (Lucerne), and its mixture with perennial cereal grasses. However, the restrictive factor of forming alfalfa-cereal grasslands high productivity is the soil solution acid reaction. The research carried out in 2017–2020 showed that lime application has significantly affected the soil solution reaction. Almost in all variants with liming, the values approached neutral. Besides, the soil liming was an effective factor of the researched grasslands productivity increase. So, a herbal mixture: red clover + alfalfa + timothy grass, on the background without liming and introducing phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, averagely for 2017–2020 has provided the output of 5,93 t/ ha of dry matter. On deacidified plots, the given herbal mixture productivity has increased to 7,52 t/ha of dry matter. The combination of soil liming and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers application has supplied the maximum dry matter output from the herbal mixture: red clover + alfalfa + smooth bromegrass – 8,66 t/ha, which exceeded by 27,5 % the unfertilized variant. The soil chemical melioration and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers application have proved to be the important factors of increasing the leguminous components part in the botanical component of a green mass yield. Particularly, in the most productive herbal mixture: red clover + alfalfa + smooth bromegrass, on the limed and fertilized background, a leguminous component part in the first and second mowings has increased by 20,9 and 17,4 %, respectively. Thus, the legume-cereal grasslands averagely for the first four years of usage provide the 5,93–8,66 t/ ha dry matter output, containing 32–63,8 % of a leguminous component. The soil chemical melioration, as well as phosphorus-potassium fertilizers application have increased the legume-cereal grasslands productivity by 27,5–27,9 %, and enlarged the leguminous components part by 17,4–20,9 %.
Key words: sloping lands, soil liming, herbal mixture, alfalfa (Lucerne), timothy grass, smooth bromegrass, productivity, botanical composition.


In quantum logic operations, information is carried by the wavefunction rather than the energy distribution. Therefore, the relative phase is essential. Abelian and non-Abelian phases can be emulated in classical waves using passive coupled waveguides with geometric modulation. However, the dynamic phases interference induced by waveguide structure variation is inevitable.To overcome the challenges, we introduce an electroacoustic coupled system that enables the precise control of phase distribution through dynamic modulation of hopping. Such effective hopping is electronically controlled and is utilized to construct various paths in parameter space. These paths lead to state evolution with matrix-valued geometric phases, which correspond to logic operations. We report experimental realizations of several logic operations, including $Y$ gate, $Z$ gate, Hadamard gate and non-Abelian braiding. Our work introduces a temporal process to manipulate transient modes in a compact structure, providing a versatile experimental testbed for exploring other logic gates and exotic topological phenomena.


Supersonic laminar flow over wave-shaped walls with multiple separation bubbles were studied using an implicit finite-difference technique to solve the interacting boundary-layer equations. Solutions for Mach numbers 3 and 6, Reynolds numbers 1X105 and 2 X105, wall temperature to stagnation temperature ratios of 0.45 and 0.675, and the protuberance height to width ratio range of 0 to 0.1 are presented in terms of skin friction and heat transfer distributions for several different protuberance configurations. These numerical results show that after separation occurs the maximum wall shear and heating rates do not increase with protuberance height. cf CP F g h H I L* M n P


Gaming, Workplace Self-Esteem, and Counterproductive Work Behaviors by Sarah Marie Dyson MBA, Colorado Technical University 2008 BS, Colorado Technical University 2006 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Social Psychology Walden University June 2019


We should optimize the location of nucleic acid testing institutions, consider the actual situation, and carry out differentiated management for high-risk and low-risk nucleic acid testing according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control. Based on the coverage model, the optimization model of nucleic acid detection and location of nucleic acid collection points is established with the objective of minimizing the social cost of emergency, and lingo and CPLEX tools are used to optimize the solution. The feasibility of the model is verified by an example.


IN spite of numerous recent publications, more especially in German Ophthalmological literature, on the subject of Parinaud's conjunctivitis, the question of the nature of the disease remains obscure. Thus Bayer and Herrenschwand' in two cases of an unusual type come to the conclusion that they were cases of Parinaud's conjunctivitis and, in spite of the fact that no histological examination was made, classed them as pseudo-tuberculosis. Others consider the disease to be a manifestation of tuberculosis; Verhoeff8 proposes to call the disease leptothrix conjunctivae, and so on. In France and in Germany opinion is generally against the theory that the disease is due to tubercle. All this shows that there is a certain similarity in the symptoms of all these cases, but that there are different causes and also differences in the histological appearances which have unfortunately not always been investigated. If in all these cases histological and bacteriological examinations had been made we should have -had a more definite idea of the nature of the dise'ase. The only undoubted similarity of all these published cases can be reduced to a few clinical symptoms which I propose to term "Parinaud's syndrome." These are the presence of a unilateral conjunctival inflammation accompanied by suppuration in the preauricular and submaxillary glands and a rise of temperature. Thus, just as in Mickulicz's disease, we have to deal not with a definite disease but with a syndrome of symptoms due to different causes. In 1915 I separated from the chaos of so-called Parinaud's disease a type of conjunctivitis with definite symptomatology, evolution, pathological anatomy and aetiology which I called "Conjunctivitis Necroticans Infectiosa." In my researches on this disease I discovered one definite criterion that served to distinguish it from other cases of Parinaud's disease. This was the effect of inoculation on guinea pigs and rabbits which caused the death of these animals with characteristic white spots in the spleen. As this criterion is the basis for differentiating the disease I have described from that described by Parinaud and his followers, I propose to give a brief comparative resume of my results and those of Parinaud in the hope of creating a better base for future research work in this connection. 25


Purpose. Determination of resistance of a powerful power transformer to the action of geomagnetic induced currents (GIC) and structural measures for its increase, if necessary. Methodology. An analytical calculation of the magnetization current (MC) is applied, which under the action of geomagnetic induced currents is excited in addition to the rated current in the higher voltage winding. Analytical and numerical calculations of the magnetic field and the losses, and computational-empirical methods for estimation of the temperature rises are used. Findings. For a five-core transformer with a power of 630 MVA under the GIC effect, the increased losses and heating of structural elements on the cores of the magnetic system, the tank, and the increased sound level are determined. Originality. For the case of orthogonal property of the vectors of winding rated currents and the vectors of harmonic components of the peak unbalanced MC, the Joule losses are represented by the sum of the losses due to these currents using the increase factors for ohmic losses in non-magnetic and ferromagnetic structural parts, which depend on MC harmonic spectrum. Practical value. The stability of the transformer under test to the given level of GIS was confirmed, and structural measures for its increase were recommended. The tested methods can be used in the computational design, in the study of real cases of equipment operation.


This research is focused on the dispersion behaviors of porous plates. A theoretical model of porous plate is built in this study. The investigated samples are 316L stainless steel plate with different porosity. Dispersion relations of porous plate are measured by laser generation ultrasound and transducer detection. The results are found that theory model of porous plates agree with the measurement as well. Therefore, this method can be applied to porosity of non-destructive testing in the future.


In this paper, a bilateral aerial teleoperation system based on force feedback is proposed for monitoring and detecting the forest fires. First of all, an aerial teleoperation system is proposed to enforce the velocity synchronization of the master and the slave. Velocity synchronization is required to achieve motion tracking of the master and slave vehicles. A force reflection is provided to the operator to improve the perceptual sensitivity of the remote environment. In addition, a modified wave variables method is employed to deal with the time-varying delays in the aerial teleoperation system. Then, a forest fire detection algorithm utilizing both color and motion features is presented for detecting the forest fires. Finally, the experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for forest fire detection.


Jin Shengtan elucidated his important acceptance theories in his criticism and comments on novel and dramas.It includes focusing reader's subjective status and activity function in the activities of literary acceptance,and considering literary work as precondition of literary acceptance,and analyzing psychology of literary acceptance especially aesthetic pleasant.Jin Shengtan's acceptance aesthetic value is splendid in China's literary criticism history because of its impressive national characteristic and profound theoretical value and enlightenment significance.


The southern blue whiting, Micromesistius australis Norman, 1937, and the tadpole codling (red cod), Salilota australis (Gunther, 1878), are two abundant commercial species distributed around southern South America. Southern blue whiting has a wide distribution in the southern hemisphere, including the Pacific Ocean near New Zealand and Chile, and the Southwest Atlantic between 37oS and 65oS and is found between the depth of 50–900 m (Froese and Pauly 2007). Tadpole codling inhabits waters of the South America between 41oS and 59oS and has a depth range of 30–1000 m (Froese and Pauly 2007). In the Atlantic Ocean reproduction of both species occurs in the austral spring in the shelf waters to the south and southwest of the Falkland Islands, from August to October in blue whiting (Macchi et al. 2005) and in September – October in tadpole codling (Wohler et al. 2001). Both species are batch spawners with a determinate annual fecundity with a similar egg size (Pajaro and Macchi 2001, Macchi et al. 2005, Laptikhovsky and Brickle unpublished). Tadpole codling belongs to the family Moridae, in which reproduction, and particularly egg size and embryonic development are poorly known. There is also a paucity of data on some species of confamiliar genera Physiculus and Laemonema, however, the few studies conducted indicate that these genera have pelagic buoyant eggs of 0.93–1.16 mm in diameter with an oil globule of 0.19–0.30 mm and larvae TL at hatching is of about 2–3 mm (Bertolini et al. 1956, Kitagawa et al. 1985, Okiyama 1988, Fahay 2007). Nothing is known about duration of the different stages of embryogenesis in fish of this family, including tadpole codling. In the case of S. australis, only the late stages of egg development and postlarvae have been ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2009) 39 (2): 127–130 DOI: 10.3750/AIP2009.39.2.07


During February 2007, storm waves removed sufficient sand from the foreshore at Sandown beach on the Isle of Wight to expose a number of Lower Cretaceous interbedded fluvial sand sheets and floodplain mudstones from the upper part of the Wessex Formation terrestrial sequence. The sand bodies have been described before, and exhibit a number of water generated ripple marks, as well as bioturbation by burrowing organisms. These sand bodies and a fossiliferous limestone have resulted in the area being designated as a Regionally Important Geological/Geomorphological Site. The mudstones show colour mottling as a result of pedogenic alteration in changing aerobic/anaerobic conditions. From February until the end of May 2007 sufficient exposure of the bedrock on the foreshore occurred to allow identification of a number of dinosaur footprints. Tridactyl and polydactyl prints with a range of sizes were clearly visible with possible ornithopod, theropod, sauropod, and ankylosaur origins. Within the intervening mudstones, preservation of the footprints takes the form of grey–blue infills in red mud, and brown silty infills in red mud (convex hyporeliefs), as well as occasional raised gritty footprint casts. On the sandstone units, the preservation is in the form of raised sandy casts. The greatest variety in terms of size and type are in the mudstone units on the seaward side of the Isle of Wight Zoo (The Granite Fort). These prints are from an area that does not appear to have been previously reported but which requires further investigation. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 113, 758–769.


Objective:To establish the effective methods for the quality control of Rhizoma Polygom vivipari.Meth- ods:Gallic acid was identified by TLC.The contents of gallic acid were determined by HPLC,carried on a column of Hypersil C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)with a mobile phase of methanol-water-phosphoric acid (5:95:0.5),the detection wavelength was at 271 nm,with flow rat at 1.0 mL·min~(-1),the temperature of the column was 30℃.Re- sults: The TLC methods were simple wish strong specificity and good reproducibility.The contents of gallic acid were dertermined by HPLC,with accuracy of the average recoveries of 98.17%(RSD=1%,n=5).Conclusion:These methods can be used for quality control of Rhizaoma Polygom vivipari effectively.


Founding student party branches in college classes is an innovation on the Party organization mode to adapt to the development requirements in the new stage.This paper discusses the effective ways from five aspects including leadership unification,party branch secretary selection,relationship handling among the party,regiments and classes,party membership development and regulation construction.


The research theme is financial management. This study aims to measure the level of financial literacy. This study used quantitative analysis. The sample was 100 people. Financial literacy is one of the key factors in building a sound financial industry and trusted for a country. It can be seen from the commitment of developed countries to seriously manage the issue of financial literacy as a strategic part in building a strong economy. The results showed that financial literacy among respondents are in the medium category.


The purpose of this study is to provide an efficient transition program for parents and teachers of students with autism spectrum disorders who are in the transition process from elementary to middle school and to suggest the necessity of parent-teacher partnership. To achieve this, data analysis according to the grounded theory was conducted after implementing in-depth interview and focus group interview targeting nine parents and three teachers of students with autism spectrum disorders. Results of the study are as follows. Firstly, as for parent-teacher experiences, concepts such as difficulties in school life resulting from characteristics of students with autism spectrum disorder, successive transition process of worries, negative view of school life, concerns in the transitions to the middle school, experiences of personal life, strategy for the efficient transition, and preparation process for future were emerged. Secondly, as for the transition programs of elementary and secondary education for students with autism spectrum disorders, there are needs in professional transition counseling, transition education for students, parents, and teachers, liaison to NICE system, systematic diagnosis and placement, and making ITP at the elementary school level. Thirdly, as for parent-teacher partnership in the transition process of students of autism spectrum disorders, three types such as active cooperative relationship, passive cooperative relationship, and non-cooperative relationship were appeared based on the attention and cooperative attitude about transition. Lastly, conditional matrix at personal level, school level, and national level were suggested to demonstrate the core category, that is, the overall explanation of making the efficient transition system by the partnership of parent-teacher. This study is expected to suggest the direction of developing transition programs and systems for students with disabilities by the systematic understanding of circumstances of transition process based on the grounded theory. Index Terms Autism Spectrum Disorder, Transition, Grounded Theory


Total one hundred and twenty five fecal samples were collected from diarrhoeic calves under 3-6 month of age and 110 E.coli isolates were recovered. E.coli was found to be highly sensitive for Gentamicin and least sensitive against Cloxacillin. A total 110 isolates of E.coli were examined for congo red binding ability for studying the enteropathogenicity. Amongst 110 E.coli isolates tested, only 67 isolates (60.90 per cent) showed good congo red binding and were considered as enteropathogenic while, 43 isolates (39.09 per cent) were found to be negative i.e. non enterotoxigenic as no color was revealed by their colonies on congo red medium.


The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a vibration-isolating rubber bearing for building, which adopts a mould to make internal steel plates and internal rubber by pressing to form an internal rubber and internal steel plate composite layer and an internal rubber, internal steel plate and internal rubber composite layer, and the size is precise and the thickness error is 0.05mm. The invention solves the offset problem of the internal steel plates, and simultaneously no residual rubber is removed; no air is generated in the process of curing mold, so no air needs to be exhausted. Since the rubber protective layer of the vibration-isolating rubber bearing for building adopts an injection rubber process, the rubber protective layer of the vibration-isolating rubber bearing for building can adopt more anti-aging special rubber different from the internal rubber, such as EPDM rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, mixing polyurethane rubber and the like, thereby improving the quality and service life of products.


The hard-turning process is steadily finding its place in modern manufacturing technology and with advance cutting tool materials it can be applied as alternative machining process to grinding providing a more economical way to finish hard surfaces. The main concerns of hard turning are tooling cost and the effect of process on machinability characteristics. The poor selection of process parameters may cause excessive tool wear and increased surface roughness. Hence there is a need to find the right parameters to achieve the right dimensional accuracy, good surface and maximum material removal rate. This paper reviews the effects of various process parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate on the response parameters such as surface roughness, material removal rate and chip reduction coefficient. Through this study main cutting parameters which affect the turning operation are discussed.


This paper presents the mechanism of erosion scourin groyne of levee projects and a probability method ofthe reliability analysis for groyne erosion process underaffects of random factors. The safety (stability) criterionof groyne erosion due to flow scour has been taken intoaccount for that the equivalent gradient of the back-slopeof the eroded pit near the head of the groyne should beless than that of a critical value of JD, which is relatedwith the rest angle of the scoured out silt under water. Incomputational analysis, most important design factorshave been taken into account for the correlated or independedrandom parameters in the reliability analysis.The developed analysis could provide an advanced basison the reliability evaluation and design for groynes oflevee projects.


In stability analysis, op-amp circuits are often modeled as single-loop feedback systems, as shown with a finite open-loop gain A in the forward path and beta in the feedback path. The author proposes a different model that has two feedback loops. The model is useful in stability of op-amp circuits and in determining the oscillation conditions of Wien-bridge oscillators. The model has one positive feedback loop and one negative loop. The model is easy to develop and offers better insight into op-amp circuits than the single-loop model. >


Melanoma, one of the most aggressive types of cancer, can be healed, if recognized in early stages. In order to automate the early recognition of skin cancer; a system that analyses digital epiluminescence microscopic images is used. After segmentation, 33 features representing shape and radiometric properties are calculated. In the paper the quality of the features is evaluated by applying several feature selection methods. The results show that with each selection method the feature set can be reduced to dimension four with nearly no loss of information. Results with classification rates of up to 75% are achieved and relations between selected features and medical criteria are observed.


Studies made at Aberystwyth and Swansea of siloxane-chain liquid crystalline side-chain polymers (SC-LCP) provided by Professor George Gray at Hull University, together with those for certain carbon-chain SC-LCP are summarised briefly. Methods were developed to obtain materials homeotropically aligned (n||E), planarly/homogeneously aligned (n⊥E) or in any intermediate state of alignment through the use of ac electric fields of variable frequency. The molecular dynamics of the dipolar groups in these materials were studied over wide ranges of temperature and hydrostatic pressure using Broad Band Dielectric Spectroscopy covering 10−4 to 105 Hz. Multiple relaxation processes were observed whose dielectric spectra changed markedly as the nature and degree of alignment were changed and the results were interpreted using macroscopic and molecular theories for the dielectric relaxation of such LCPs developed during these studies.


(2001). A Simple Proof of the Fredholm Alternative and a Characterization of the Fredholm Operators. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 108, No. 9, pp. 855-860.


Many intervention programs have been designed to decrease the rate of drink driving by altering the behavioural characteristics that may lead a person to drink and drive. However, most programs target high risk and repeat offenders. There is very little research on the feasibility and effectiveness of first offender programs. This project is part of a larger program of research that focuses on first time offenders, in order to reduce the rate of subsequent drink driving which may result in a repeat offence. A number of professional stakeholders were approached and interviewed with a view to capturing and reflecting current drink driving related concerns while developing an intervention in the context of Australian drink driving related legislation. The qualitative interviews involved open ended questioning which led to the themes discussed in the analysis. Included in the interviews were senior representatives from the Magistrates Court, Queensland Transport, Probation & Parole, Queensland Corrective Services, Royal Automobile Club Queensland (RACQ), Intraface Consulting (drug & alcohol EAP), Brisbane Police Prosecution Corps, Queensland Police Service and private practice psychology. Issues such as delivery of interventions, feasibility and cost-effectiveness were discussed, as were potential content and design. It was generally agreed that a tailored online intervention imposed as a sentencing option would be the most effective for first time offenders in terms of cost, ease of delivery and feasibility. The development of an online intervention program for first offenders is widely supported by professional stakeholders.


The use of a thick Copper layer on top of an AlCu-metallization stack instead of a common thick Aluminium layer triggers the need for a change in the reliability characterization, the test structure layouts and reliability test methods. The failure and degradation mechanisms of thick Copper and Aluminium are partly different for the material as well as for thick and thin metal layers. Electromigration and stressmigration are the main effects in thin metal layers. For thick metal layers the high thermal expansion leads to a change in the mechanical stress resulting in a different degradation behaviour and defect mechanisms. The paper describes the differences for reliability test structure layouts, test methods and reliability assessment strategies for thin and thick interconnect layer and thick Copper and Aluminium. Especially the requirements for a reliability test and assessment strategy for non-passivated Copper will be explained.


We discuss recent results on soft and hard X-ray free electron lasers (FELs) and how they can be used to design and optimize the next generation of these sources of high brightness, coherent photons, with femtosecond pulse duration, or very narrow linewidth. In particular, we consider the experimental and theoretical progress in the electron beam generation and manipulation. These results, when combined with the successful development of powerful simulation codes, can be used to design optimized, high intensity sources of coherent photons, and to reduce their size and cost.


Purpose C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) has been utilized as a prognostic factor in various carcinomas. We investigated the relationship between preoperative, postoperative day (POD) 1, and POD 7 CARs and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Three hundred twenty patients with CRC who underwent laparoscopic radical resection between May 2011 and December 2016 were enrolled. Patients were selected into 2 groups, high CAR and low CAR (72 patients per group), based on preoperative, POD 1, and POD 7 CARs. The relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between groups using propensity score matching. Results The high CAR group had a significantly worse RFS (P<0.001) and OS (P=0.002) at POD 7 than those in the low CAR group. However, in preoperative and POD 1 analysis, no differences were observed. Conclusion In patients with CRC, CAR of POD 7 was a significant prognostic factor.


A development of the theory of pion-nucleus scattering is given in a field theoretical framework. The theory is designed to describe pion elastic scattering and single- and double-charge exchange to isobaric analog states. An analysis of recent data at low and resonance energies is made. Strong modifications to the simple picture of the scattering as a succession of free pion-nucleon interactions are required in order to understand the data. The extent to which the experiment is understood in terms of microscopic theory is indicated. 71 references.


In industry monitoring of system and data acquisition for a system is done manually. Now the technology has developed. Aim of this paper is to get the data acquisition report of a system for day, week and month automatically using wireless technology. Temperature data is collected through a sensor and it is given to a system and stored in database using wireless technology. Data is transferred from one point of the system to a server at a different location using Wi-Fi and automated report of temperature data is generated.