There is a tremendous discrepancy between the number of people likely meeting criteria for a mental disorder or substance dependence in Canada and the number of people actually receiving mental health or substance dependence treatment. Thus, it is important to examine what facilitates entrance into the mental health care system and what prevents people from receiving the treatment they need. Mixed findings exist as to whether socioeconomic status (SES) and other social determinants of health play a role in receiving treatment in Canada. However, due to several methodological issues with previous studies that have examined this issue, three studies were designed to re-examine and add to the literature in this area by investigating: (1) whether SES (i.e., income and education) and other social determinants as well as psychological distress predict the number of services received by any professional for any mental disorder or substance dependence, as well as predict overall satisfaction with the services received (2) the psychometric validity and reliability of the 3-factor model proposed by Statistics Canada to measure barriers due to accessibility, acceptability and availability, and (3) whether SES, other social determinants and psychological distress predict specific barriers to receiving mental health treatment for an unmet need. All data were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey, cycle 1.2, Mental Health and Wellbeing. In Study 1, the SES/social determinants model predicted the number of services received for both medication and psychotherapy. Out-of-pocket spending, was the strongest predictor of the number of consultations from any provider, however it was also inversely related to overall satisfaction with services. Higher levels of distress predicted greater dissatisfaction with services received. Study 2 revealed that the three factor model of accessibility, acceptability and availability was invalid and unreliable as a measure of barriers to mental health services. It is, therefore, recommended that each specific barrier be


Despite the scale of the global financial crisis, to date it has not resulted in a sovereign debt crisis among emerging market countries. Two significant factors in this outcome are the improved macroeconomic management and public debt management in these countries over the past decade. This paper reviews the improvements in macroeconomic fundamentals and the composition of public debt portfolios in emerging market countries prior to the crisis and concludes that the policies and strategies pursued by governments provided them with a buffer when the crisis hit. Nevertheless, with the international capital markets effectively closed for over three months and domestic borrowing in many cases impacted by extreme risk aversion, government debt managers were required to adapt their strategies to rapidly changing circumstances. The paper reviews the impact of the crisis and the responses of debt managers to the drying up of international capital, decreased liquidity in markets, and sharply increased term premia. Three categories of response are identified: (i) funding from other sources to reduce pressure on market borrowing; (ii) adapting funding programs to changes in demand in the different types of securities; and (iii) implementing liability management operations to support the market. Most governments were willing to accept temporarily greater risk in their portfolios, often reversing long established strategies, at a time when financial markets were under stress. These actions contributed to the measures taken by governments to stabilize markets and prevent economies from stalling. Looking to the future, government debt managers will need to consider how they can increase the resilience of public debt portfolios for the uncertain times that lie ahead.


Interval-valued <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (IV <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ROFSs), as a generalization of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ROFSs), are the powerful tool for mastering the fuzziness of information. Archimedean t-conorm and t-norm (ATT) consist of t-conorm and t-norm families, which is an important tool for fuzzy sets to generate general operational laws. Meanwhile, the Muirhead mean (MM) operator is a useful aggregation operator that considers the interdependent phenomena among the aggregated arguments. Motivated by those primary characteristics, in this paper, the MM operator to the interval-valued <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (IV <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ROFNs) based on the ATT is studied. First, some interval-valued <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rung orthopair fuzzy operational rules are proposed based on ATT. Second, the interval-valued <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rung orthopair fuzzy Archimedean Muirhead mean (IV <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ROFAMM) operator and the interval-valued <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rung orthopair fuzzy weighted Archimedean Muirhead mean (IV <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ROFWAMM) operator are proposed. Third, some desirable properties of the two operators are discussed, and some special cases of the developed operators are investigated. Furthermore, a novel approach based on the IV <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ROFWAMM operator is developed to solve multiple attribute decision-making problem with the interval-valued <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rung orthopair fuzzy information. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed method and a comparative analysis is conducted to show the superiorities of the method.


In this paper, a new scheme is proposed to describe the optical properties of biological tissues from three scales: molecules, cells, and tissues. The electric susceptibility, refractive index and radiative transfer parameters (including scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient, anisotropic factor, etc.) are the corresponding optical parameters on those three scales. And the dipole theory, electromagnetic scattering theory and radiative transfer theory are corresponding theoretical tools for analyzing the optical phenomena in biological tissues, respectively. Moreover, the relationships between those optical parameters are also discussed comprehensively.


The application of field programmable gate array (FPGA) in the development of power electronics circuits control scheme has drawn much attention lately due to its shorter design cycle, lower cost and higher density. This paper presents an FPGA-based gate signal generator for a multilevel inverter employing an online optimal PVVM switching strategy to control its output voltage. FPGA is chosen for the hardware implementation of the switching strategy mainly due to its high computation speed that can ensure the accuracy of the instants that gating signals are generated. The gate signal generator has been realized by an FPGA (FLEX10K20) from Altera. The design and development of the FPGA based gate signal generator is described in detail. Results from the timing simulation using MAX+PLUSII software are given and verified by the results obtained from the FLEX10K20 output.


This paper presents a sub-harmonic injection-locked oscillator (SHILO) fabricated in a 130-nm SiGe-BiCMOS technology. It consists of a frequency tripler and an injection-locked oscillator. The SHILO can be locked from 177 GHz to 201 GHz with an injected signal from 59 GHz to 67 GHz. At 195 GHz, the maximum output power is 0 dBm from 28.8 mW DC power consumption and less than −21 dBm injected power at 65 GHz. The circuit outperforms the more-common chains of amplifiers and frequency multipliers to generate the local oscillator (LO) signal at frequencies around 200 GHz. To the best knowledge of the authors, the DC-to-RF efficiency of 3.8% is the highest reported compared to amplifier-based frequency-multiplier chains in signal sources at these frequencies.


Objectives To investigate lipidic changes that occurs with Rituximab(RTX) in refractory SLE-patients. Methods Multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal study. All SLE-patients from LESIMAB study with basic lipid data at baseline and 6±3 months after the first cycle of RTX were included. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), comorbidities and treatments were collected, including lipid profile. Results 101 patients were included (91% women; age 38.7±12.1yrs). The duration of SLE was 7.1±6.1yrs, median of severe organ-systems affected was 2.0 (range, 0-6), and median of previous drugs against SLE was 5 (range, 2-9). The Charlson-age comorbidity index was of 2.0±1.2 and the number of classic CVRF was 1.1±0.1. The baseline SLEDAI was 14.2±9.6. RTX was administrated with other drugs, including corticosteroids (n=101), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ; n=48), and statins (n=16). As it shows the table, the mean of lipid profile at baseline was good and these values were similar between patients with concomitant HCQ. The patients who were receiving statins had worse baseline lipid profile (CT, p=0.028; LDL, p=0.011; VLDL, p=0.040; TG, p=0.040).After 6±3 months of RTX treatment, the global lipids values didn't change significantly (Table). However, the patients who achieved a good clinical response (partial or complete) in the SLE activity their lipid profile also improved [TC (p=0.004), HDL (p=0.004), VLDL (p=0.041) and TG (p=0.041)] and a correlation between improvement of SLEDAI (delta-SLEDAI at 24w from baseline, 9.8±9.5) and the improvement of the lipid profile after 24w was observed: delta-CT 24w (r=0,349; p<0,001), delta-TG 24w (r=0,366; p<0,001) y delta-VLDL 24w (r=0,366; p<0,001). Although the needs of corticosteroids decreased (delta-prednisone after 24w was 21.0±63.8mg/d), it didn't influence in the lipid improvement, since there was no correlation between delta-prednisone after 24w and improvement in lipid profile. Basal 24 SEM P-VALOR CT (mg/dl) 195,0±46,0 197,0±42,2 0,710 C-HDL (mg/dl) 60,1±23,4 63,1±23,5 0,540 Índice aterogénico 3,6±1,5 3,4±1,4 0,270 C-LDL (mg/dl) 102,2±43,6 99,8±40,1 0,645 C-VLDL (mg/dl) 29,2±12,9 27,9±14,2 0,226 TG (mg/dl) 146,0±64,5 139,4±71,2 0,226 Conclusions RTX doesn't seem to have an intrinsic effect in the lipid profile from patients with refractory SLE. However, a good control of the disease activity promotes a improvement in lipid profile. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Objective To investigate the clinical experiences of reconstruction of the wound after resection of skin cancers in the head and face region.Methods From September 2006 to March 2011,38 cases of skin cancers in the head and face which were treated with different surgical techniques and retrospectively analyzed.According to the characteristics of the patients,Matriderm grafting in 10 cases,primary closure in 8 cases,free skin and matriderm grafting in 4 cases,free skin grafting in 2 cases,local skin flap in 6 cases,ortho-position skin flap in 5 cases.Results Among 38 cases,28 skin flaps and skin graftings survived.10 Matriderm graftings and incision healed by first intention.One wound which was repaired with matriderm infected at the edge and healed by secondary intention after dressing changes.32 patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years.Among these cases with foIlow up,One case of squamous cell carcinoma with skin grafting occurred recurrence after 2 years respectively and was given radical resection and was reconstructed with skin flap again,the other cases occurred no recurrence.Allof patients with foIlow up survived well.The functional and aesthetic results are satisfactory.Conclusion The skin malignancies in the head and face region should be diagnosised and treated as early as possible.Radical resection,resistance recurrence and simultaneous reconstruction with the satisfactory functional and aesthetic results are crucial for the reconstructive surgeon and are key points of surgical treatments.Based on the aesthetic unit or subunit Principles in the head and face region and according to the characteristics of the patients,selection of the reconstructive method must comply with the algorithm from simple to complex.Achievement of the functional and aesthetic outcome should be considered,if possible.


The results of an accurate ab initio study of the electronic structure of NO2 have been applied to an analysis of the two important visible and near infrared absorption systems of this molecule. The long wavelength absorption (λ≳6000 A) arises from an ? 2B2←? 2A1 transition. A theoretical absorption spectrum that is generated from the C2V ab initio potential surfaces of these two states qualitatively reproduces most of the features of an experimental low resolution absorption spectrum between 9000 and 6000 A. The (0–0) band of the transition is predicted to be several times less intense than nearby hot bands even at temperatures as low as 300 K. The computed ? 2B2 spectroscopic parameters are Te=1.18 eV, Re=1.26 A, ϑe=102°, ω1=1461 cm−1, ω2=739 cm−1, and μ=0.46 D. There is a marked difference between experimentally determined ? 2B2 rotational constants and those deduced from the ab initio equilibrium geometry; this datum adds to the rapidly increasing evidence for strong vibronic coupling of the ? 2B2 sta...


THIS EXPERIMENT investigated whether there was a developmental lag in skills associated with phonemic processing in poor readers of normal nonverbal intelligence. Fifty-seven poor readers, 44 younger readers of the same reading level, and 35 normal readers of the same age as the poor readers were given tests involving phonemic processing and memory. Both control groups were matched on nonverbal intelligence to the poor readers. In virtually all the tests involving phonemic processing, the poor readers were significantly worse than the chronological-age controls. However, there was no difference between the poor readers and the reading-age controls. This finding indicates a developmental lag at least within phonemic processes for the poor readers which is determining their potential level of reading performance. The experiment also examined the relationship between reading style (whole word vs. phonics) and phonemic processing. There was little evidence for such a relationship nor were there differences in reading styles between the three groups.


Objective The polymorphism of T105A in the canine MC1R were detected by the methods of PCR-RFLP in dogs,and the relationship between the genetics polymorphism and phenotype of dog coat color were analyzed.[WTHZ]Methods The blood samples of 36 Beagle canines were taken and their genomes DNA were extracted.The phenotypes of dog coat color were recorded.The loci of T105A in the canine MC1R gene were detected through the technology of PCRRFLP.The relationships between the polymorphism of T105A and coat color trait were analyzed by the statistical methods of correlation analysis.Results By the method of PCR-RFLP,the T105A polymorphism was found with two alleles A and B and three genotypes AA,AB and BB.The frequencies of two alleles were 58.33% and 41.67% respectively.The frequencies of three genotypes were 33.33%,16.67% and 50.00% respectively.According to the statistical analysis,no significant associations between the polymorphism of MC1R gene and the coat color were found and these results may be due to the influence of Agouti protein on the coat color.Conclusions The variations of T105A loci in MC1R gene had polymorphism of PCR-RFLP in Beagle canine.


Abstract An unfinished manuscript by an Anglo-American merchant and politician, Benjamin Vaughan, provides a rare glimpse of the cartographic culture of the later Enlightenment. Vaughan reacted to William Lambert's nationalistic proposal (1809) for a prime meridian through Washington, DC, to symbolize both the Union's political coherence and its independence. Vaughan presented a more strictly nationalist and Enlightened viewpoint: there should be only one prime meridian (running through Palma, in the Canaries), chosen according to "natural" rather than political principles. Both viewpoints nonetheless rested upon a common appreciation of a map's "subliminal geometry" which equates the graphic space of the map with the geodesic space of the territory and the social and cultural spaces of human existence. This conception of the map has remained the basis for modern cartographic culture and its naturalization of the map, despite the rejection of Enlightenment philosophy. The prime meridian, as the defining and balancing line of space thus provides the avenue of mediation between the concrete state and the abstract nation. The debate over the choice of a prime meridian is inherently a discourse between competing political systems.


AIM
This study aimed to analyze the policy formation process of South Korean Integrated Nursing Care Service System (INCSS).

BACKGROUND
Due to the shortage of chronic nursing staff in Korea, many nursing services have been overlooked, which has led to a customary caregiving culture that relied on inpatient families. To improve this, Korea legislated the INCSS in 2015.

METHODS
This study retrospectively analyzed policy formation process of the INCSS using Kingdon's Multiple-Streams Framework from on-offline materials generated between 1994 and 2015.

RESULTS
The caregiving culture, which was raised as one of the main causes of the MERS-CoV infection spread, was garnered intensive attention from media and politicians. So, the streams of problem, politics, and policy that each flowed independently were coupled. And window of policy finally opened.

CONCLUSIONS
The leading political activities of the United Healthcare Civic-Group, in which general nurses were the core, were effective in introducing the system.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
This study's results could be used for promoting hospital-based healthcare-policy intervention by enhancing general nurses s' political competence.


This paper will deal with the ability of a high energy flashlamp to decoat surfaces using a photoablation method. The flashlamp produces a broad-band near-blackbody radiation spectrum that peaks in the far-UV. We call this flashlamp a near-blackbody radiator because of its ionization characteristic that is predominantly composed of free-bound transitions, and because of its high emissivity that ranges from 0.89 across the UV band to almost unity across the VIS and IR bands. Three distinct phases divide the flashlamp photoablation process: (1) Initial photoablation of the coating by the intense light energy pulse of the flashlamp; (2) VOC scrubbing of the newly created vapor and plasma layer by the UV component of the light pulse; (3) Removal and trapping of the resulting fine ash and residual fumes by chemical and mechanical means. In order to accomplish the first two phases, the peak plasma temperatures generated within the flashlamp must be on the order of 7500K to 15000K with pulse durations ranging between 170-680microsecond(s) ec. Even though the peak power of the flashlamp is high for its size, ranging from 12-30Mw, the lamp lifetime is reasonable at 1- 10 million shots. It is this high lamp lifetime, as well as the flashlamp system's inherent simplicity, that makes the system cost effective and rugged for the application being proposed in this paper.


We report a case of a ruptured lenticulostriate artery (LSA) aneurysm, associated with moyamoya disease, which was removed surgically. A 25-year-old female presented with right intraventricular hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography revealed moyamoya disease and a right LSA aneurysm. Antihypertensive therapy was initially administered, followed by a scheduled bypass. On day 5, rebleeding was noted and cerebral angiography on day 9 showed aneurysmal enlargement. We performed bypass surgery (superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery and encephalo-myo-synangiosis) to prevent further rebleeding. A high intensity lesion on T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was observed around the aneurysm on the 5 postoperative day. Repeat cerebral angiography showed residual aneurysm. Therefore, rerupture of the aneurysm was anticipated. Because the aneurysm was fusiform in shape, trapping and excision was performed on day 16. Postoperatively, the patient had transient left hemiparesis. Three months later, her modified Rankin Scale improved from 4 to 1. Histopathological diagnosis showed a true aneurysm based on the thin aneurysmal body wall and smooth muscle. For cases wherein a residual aneurysm is present and reruptures after bypass, surgical treatment for the aneurysm is required. Surgical intervention, in the form of excision or clipping, might be effective for the treatment of ruptured aneurysms associated with moyamoya disease to prevent rerupture during the acute phase.


In order to design the digital power supply compensator based on Si8250,a special visual simulation software of GUI was adopted;an open-loop model of main power circuit was simulated,and the magnitude-frequency characteristic curve and phase-frequency characteristic curve were obtained.Combined the compensating theory of venable and visual compensating method of loop control model of GUI;designed a precise digital PID compensator.The good loop dynamic characteristic and well stability of the digital compensator designed by GUI were both showed in the testing results.


So far, we made Surgery somewhat safe for the patient. Nevertheless, once in a while we have to save the patient from Surgery. Now, we are faced with another concern : to save the surgeon from lawyers


Previous allozyme analysis has revealed an apparent absence of enzyme variability in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). We are inter ested in determining the genetic relatedness of individual M persicae clones carrying different numbers of esterase 4 (E4) gene copies conferring resis tance to insecticides, in order to determine how many times and in what geo graphic locations resistance via gene duplication may have evolved. We have therefore extended th analysis of genetic variability in M. persicae to the DNA level using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with sin gle 10 mer oligonucleotide primers. Here we report a lack of variability be tween resistant clones in Wisconsin populations even at th DNA leveL Fur ther, 'fast' E4 (FE4) variants appear to be absent from Wisconsin populations, despite FE4 variants of moderate resistance (Rl) being the most common clones in the United Kingdom. These results suggest that resistance in M. per sicae may have evolved a very few times and that North American populations may differ from those in Europe by founder effects. Previous reports on the levels of allozyme variation n the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), have revealed a striking absence of enzyme variability. Thus in surveys conducted in the United Kingdom (Wool et aL 1978; Brookes and Loxdale 1987) , Germany (Tomiuk and Wohrmann 1983) and North America (May and Holbrook 1978) all enzymes were found to be monomorphic except for two esterase loci (El/2 and E4). This means that the predominant reported genetic variability for this ph d is associated with gene duplication of the esterase 4 (E4) gene (Field et al. 1988), which can se quester (Devonshire and Moores 1982) and hydrolyze (Devonshire 1977) a wide range of insecticidal esters. E4 variants can be classified as E4 or FE4 depending on their mobility on polya rylamide gels (FE4 or 'fast'E4 shows higher mobility) and S, Rl' R., or Ra in relation to the apparent level of activity observed using artificial napihyl ester substrates (Devonshire 1989) . Clones of Rl activity appear to carry he FE4 enzyme, whilst Rand Ra clones carry E4 (although there is some over lap of E4 and FE4 aclivities within the resistance classification). Interest ingly, recently reported sequence data from these two genes has shown t at the DNA flanking this gene is the same within E4 and FE4 clones and differs only between E4IFE4 types (Field et al. 1993). However, the precise number of amplified copies of each of the E4IFE4 genes and the number oflocations at IDepartment of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706. 2To whom correspondence should be addressed. 1 Al-Aboodi and Ffrench-Constant: RAPD PCR Confirms Absence of Genetic Variation Between Insecticid Published by ValpoScholar, 1995 128 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 28, No.2 which they have been amplified in the genome of individual clones remains unpublished. Therefore it is not currently possible to exactly correlate the number of amplified E4IFE4 genes with the levels of resistance (S, R 1, R2 or R3)· Temperate populations of M. persicae, away from their woody h st (peach), ppear to be largely anholocyclic (asexual reproduction) overwinter ing as nymphs or adults instead of eggs (Blackman 1971) . These observations therefore raise the fascinating possibility that resistance via duplication ofE4 (or FE4) may have arisen a limited number of times and has been driven through asexually reproducing populations within a few clonal variants. We are therefore interested in documenting the number of individual clones car rying E4IFE4 mediated resistance. Despite the high level of controversy gen erated over the reproducibility of random amplified DNA (RAPD) markers (Hederick 1992; Riedy et al. 1992; Ellsworth et al. 1993), previous studies have shown that if care is taken over DNA to primer ratios (Ellsworth et al. 1993) , that these arbitrary DNA markers can be reproducible. RAPD mark ers have thus been used to address questions in population ecology in a range of insects (Hadrys et aL 1992) and to detect polymorphisms within (Black et aL 1992), and distinguish between (Cenis et aL 1993), aphid species. RAPD markers have also been successfully used to trace clonal lineages within var ious protozoa (Tibayrenc et l. 1993). W w re therefore interested in using RAPD markers to understand the genetic relationships between resistant clonal variants of M. persicae in temperate North American populati s, in order to address the two related questions. 1) How many me and in what locations has resistance arise ? 2) Do North American and European popula tions show genetic differences? RAPD PCR markers were chosen in order to represent a random sampling of genetic variation in the Myzus genome. Here we report, following analysis of 35 clones of differing E4 activity with 27 random 10 mer oligonucleotides, that no reproducible variability in RAPD banding patterns was observed between any of the clones. Further, elec trophoretic analysis of the E4 variants in Wisconsin shows an apparent ab sence of FE4 variants, d spite the fact that Rl clones of FE4 mobility are the most common clones found in crop populations in the United Kingdom. This suggests that resistance caused by gene duplication ofE4 has arisen in a very limited number of genetically similar clones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aphid clones. Aphids were collected from crop plants, predominantly potatoes, in July and August of 1992 and 1993 in Wisconsin USA. The num bers of clones collected from different counties (Dane, Oneida, Langdale, Waushara, Columbia, Oconto, Juneau and Adams) are shown in Table 1. Clones were established from individual females on excised potato leaflets kept in small plastic cages at room temperature in the laboratory. Three ref erence Rl FE4 clones were collected in S ptember 1992 in the United King dom from autumn sown rape ear Cambridge, England. Electrophoresis and RAPD peR. crylamide gel electrophoresis was performed as described elsewhere ( sand Loxdale 1987). Fiv in dividuals from the same aphid clones were al o used to make genomic DNA for RAPD PCR. DNA preparation was as for individual Drosophila and has been described elsewhere (ffrench-Constant et al. 1993). DNA was resus pended in sterile distilled water to a concentration of 1 ng/JlL 1 ng of DNA was added to a PCR reaction containing; 0.4 mM magnesium chloride, 0.1 mM dNTPs, 0.2 J1M of a single random 10 mer primer (purchased from J. Carlson, 2 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 28, No. 2 [1995], Art. 2 https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol28/iss2/2 1995 129 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Table L Number and location of Myzus persicae clones collected in counties within Wis consin, USA and East Anglia, UK. Their E4 activity as scored by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is shown,


The Yb-based compound YbPtGe with the orthorhombic e-TiNiSi-type structure was reported as a heavy-fermion ferromagnet with the phase transition temperature, TC = 5.4 K. To investigate the magnetically ordered states in YbPtGe, we measured the elastic moduli under a magnetic field along the b-axis in addition to those along the a-axis previously reported. The temperature and field dependences of the elastic moduli show clear anomalies, indicating the phase transitions. From these results, we have drawn the magnetic phase diagram under magnetic fields along the b-axis and proposed a new phase boundary in addition to the phase boundary reported. The new phase boundary may arise from modulation of the magnetic structure.The Yb-based compound YbPtGe with the orthorhombic e-TiNiSi-type structure was reported as a heavy-fermion ferromagnet with the phase transition temperature, TC = 5.4 K. To investigate the magnetically ordered states in YbPtGe, we measured the elastic moduli under a magnetic field along the b-axis in addition to those along the a-axis previously reported. The temperature and field dependences of the elastic moduli show clear anomalies, indicating the phase transitions. From these results, we have drawn the magnetic phase diagram under magnetic fields along the b-axis and proposed a new phase boundary in addition to the phase boundary reported. The new phase boundary may arise from modulation of the magnetic structure.


Approximately 30–60% of patients with acute coronary syndrome present with multiple significant coronary lesions and patients with multivessel CAD have worse prognosis including significant increase in death or MI when compared with patients with single vessel CAD (1). Similarly, in patients with stable ischemic heart disease, multivessel CAD portends worse prognosis when compared with patients with single vessel CAD (2).


Software-defined networking (SDN) is an architectural paradigm which enables a centralised control by decoupling the data and control planes of a network. In reactive mode of SDN, the significant variation in flow arrival events places considerable stress on the control plane. Also, the existence of frequent events such as network-wide statistics collection which significantly interfere with the basic functions of control plane can drastically affect performance of control plane. Therefore, this paper introduces a new architectural model named SAHAR that uses a controller box consisting of a coordinator controller and a primary flow-setup controller and one or more secondary flow-setup controllers as needed. Assigning monitor and management tasks to the coordinator controller reduces the load on the flowsetup controllers. Also, dividing input traffic between flow-setup controllers by the coordinator controller distributes the load in the control plane. In this way, SAHAR achieves a high available SDN which can be scalable.


Narrated the ebullition stove's structure,the principle of work,as well as the ebullition stove tries to burn the process,and the type boiler tries the fever to provide the experience and the skill for this reason.


This Article explores the use of shame as an accountability intervention for perpetrators of intimate partner abuse, urging caution against its legitimization. Shaming interventions—those designed to publicly humiliate, denigrate, or embarrass perpetrators or other criminal wrongdoers—are justified by some as legitimate legal and extralegal interventions. Judges have sentenced perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence ("IPV") to hold signs reading, "This is the face of domestic abuse," among other publicly humiliating sentences. Culturally, society increasingly uses the Internet and social media to expose perpetrators to public shame for their wrongdoing. On their face, shaming interventions appear rational: perpetrators often belittle, humiliate, and disgrace their partners within a larger pattern of physical abuse, and survivors often report feeling an abiding sense of shame as a result. Further, perpetrators are assigned en masse a dominant narrative about their motivations and traits as controlling, violent, and beyond reform. Consequently, they are cast into a category of individuals for whom traditional forms of rehabilitation are identified as ineffective and for whom shaming may be particularly apropos. However, even if stigmatizing perpetrators to achieve accountability has some legitimate purpose, any benefit is outweighed by the fact that shaming perpetrators undermines the goals of violence reduction and survivor safety. Internalized shame can lead to externalized violence, thereby increasing, rather than decreasing, a survivor's risk of harm. Further, using shame to punish an act that is itself built on shame can blur clarity about socially acceptable behavior, have a profound social and economic impact on the individual shamed, and devastate a person's dignity and sense of self-worth. Moreover, many perpetrators have cumulative shaming experiences in their pasts,  Visiting Associate Professor, Co-Director, Georgetown University Law Center, Domestic Violence Clinic. I am deeply grateful to the participants at the 2017 Clinical Law Review Writing Workshop at NYU Law School and the 2018 AALS Conference on Clinical Legal Education, Intensive Pilot Workshop, whose feedback and insight contributed to the development of this Article. I owe special gratitude to Deborah Epstein, Leigh Goodmark, Margaret Johnson, Laurie Kohn, Tammy Kuennen, and Darnell Lattal for their comments on this piece. Thank you also to my research assistant, F. Mario Trujillo, and the Georgetown University Law Library Staff for their research assistance. Any errors found herein are mine. 1678 BOSTON UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 98:1677 intensifying the negative consequences that can flow from shaming interventions. To understand the unique risks of shaming in the context of IPV, this Article explores shame as a tool for achieving perpetrator accountability. 2018] THE PERIL (AND UTILITY?) OF SHAME 1679


special nceds is often expressed in very general terms. One district general manager described this as "a professionally and ethically unacceptable situation, with which, however, we are forced to live." Successfully implementing the arrangements for children with special educational needs depends on optimal resources, liaison, and communication. There are major problems in many educational services, which are not eased by a widespread lack of common boundaries between health and education authorities, poorly integrated health services for children, and the low baseline from which many community health services have been operating. Recent cuts have exacerbated matters further. The conclusion must be that many children with special needs are not having these needs met. More resources, money, and staff are needed. NAHA wants the Department of Education and Science and the Department of Health to respond to its report and to set out a timetable for action to ensure that children with special needs receive the help that is theirs by right.


A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor Of Philosophy (Development Studies) in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Zululand, 2018


Vector maps that are plotted using a globogram type of projection may have linework that becomes crowded when approaching the map's horizon line on the hardcopy plot. To reduce this linework clutter on the globogram map, the map can be passed through a point reduction algorithm to thin the points. Point reduction algorithms, whether local or global in nature, typically are two-dimensional geometrical processes, that operate egually on all of the map's digital lines. In the globogram case, this can result in too much point reduction in the central, foreground areas of the map and too little point reduction at the extreme areas near the horizon line, where the oblique 'viewing angle' increases the density of points. To solve the above problem, this paper will propose and demonstrate an implementation of a three dimensional method of point reduction using a modified local point reduction algorithm. The proposed methodology and algorithm will utilize a variable or sliding tolerance criteria for the point reduction based on a selected point's proximity to the horizon line of the globogram map.


Urban modeling, including agent-based modeling of the coupled transportation and land use evolution, requires detailed information on each of the agents that represent the population in the region of a study. Traditional ways of obtaining this information include household surveys based on individual travel diaries. The surveys data provide a rich set of features, but they are limited in sampling size, geographical scope and frequency of updates. Moreover, they lack detail on inter-personal connections that give rise to social influences driving choice processes at a range of time scales. While manual surveying techniques are limited in their ability to collect social network data at scale, digital records of inter-personal communications provide an abundance of social networking information. This work proposes an algorithmic procedure that makes use of both traditional survey data as well as digital records of networking and human behaviours in generating connected synthetic populations for urban simulation.


We report on the fabrication of optical waveguides and the precipitation of nonlinear optical crystals inside glass caused by local element migration with high-repetition femtosecond laser irradiation. Elements that contribute to the high refractive index migrated to the center of the focal region because of the femtosecond laser irradiation in phosphate and borate glasses. Based on this result, we successfully wrote optical waveguides in these glasses, where element distributions were continuously induced along a path traversed by the focal point. Furthermore, we succeeded in space-selective precipitation of nonlinear optical crystals such as β-BBO inside glass by controlling the thermophysical property (crystallization temperature).


2-(6-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran, the active antioxidant which occurs in yeasts, and related 2-arylbenzofurans have been synthesized by a convergent route. The key step involves benzofuran formation by an intramolecular Wittig reaction.


Citation: Oliveira SMD, Häkkinen A, Lloyd-Price J, Tran H, Kandavalli V, Ribeiro AS (2016) Temperature-Dependent Model of Multi-step Transcription Initiation in Escherichia coli Based on Live Single-Cell Measurements. PLoS Comput Biol 12(10): e1005174. doi:10.1371/journal. pcbi.1005174 Editor: Teresa M. Przytycka, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), UNITED STATES Received:May 2, 2016 Accepted: September 23, 2016 Published:October 28, 2016 Copyright: 2016 Oliveira et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding:Work supported by Vilho, Yrjo and Kalle Vaisala Foundation (SMDO), Alfred Kordelin Foundation (AH), Tampere University of Technology President's Graduate Programme (JLP), Academy of Finland: General Research Grant (No. 295027; ASR) and Key Project Funding (No. 305342; ASR), and Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation (No. 610536; ASR). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.


George Herbert was a favorite poet of Elizabeth Bishop. This essay examines the relationship of Bishop's "The Fish" to Herbert's "The Collar." Despite their differences in subject, image and diction, the poems' structural design, rhyme scheme, tonal shifts, and above all, allusions to traditional Christian ideas have similarities that convincingly demonstrate Bishop's debt to the earlier poet.


Abstract Pasture growth rates and N fixation rates were measured in a rotationally grazed farmlet. During 1975–76 annual pasture production was 7.3 t DM/ha, of which 26% was white clover (Trifolium repens L.). N fixation rates were high in spring and summer, but appreciable fixation was measured at all seasons. The total annual N inputs from fixation were calculated to be 141 and 170 kg N/ha for 1974–75 and 1975–76 respectively.


The source position effect on peak center pulse height has been investigated on a 67cm3 closed-end coaxial hyper-pure germanium gamma-ray spectrometer. When a Na-22 source was moved on the axis of the detector, the peak center energy of 1274keV gamma-rays started to decrease at 20cm and a 44eV lower pulse height was observed at 1.5cm in front of the detector. The peak center energy did not change for moving the Na-22 source on a line(B) drawn through the detector center and perpendicular to the axis. The peak center energies observed for the source positions on the axis were lower than those observed on the line B, and the difference at 100cm distance was 15eV. This dependence is similar to that observed in a 73.2cm3 closed-end coaxial Ge(Li) detector reported by K. Shizuma, et al(JAERI-M 6497 (March 1976)). The shaping time of the main amplifier was 2¿sec. The amount of the decrease in the pulse height at 1.5cm source-to-detector distance became smaller as the shaping time of the amplifier increased; the decrease was 178, 44, 24, and 10eV for the shaping time of 1, 2, 4, and 8¿sec, respectively. The risetimes of the pulses were found to depend on the source position; the average risetime increased from 108nsec to 126nsec when the source moved from 30cm to 1.5cm in front of the detector. It is concluded that the risetime dependence on the source position is one of the origins which result in the pulse height dependence on the source position.


Satellite navigation has been in use for the positioning for quite sometimes. Like all Electromagnetic signals, the GPS signals are also affected by the interferences. Usually the general purpose GPS receivers has the accuracy of 10 ∼ 20 meters. However, the evolution of Real Time Kinematics (RTK) resolved the problem to millimeter accuracy by employing the double differenced carrier phase measurements. RTK positioning is very popular because it provides a precise and efficient way of differential positioning. RTK technique is based on the ambiguity resolution, which is so far the most intricate part. Long initialization time and cycle slips during operation is the main drawback of this technique which increases under obstructive environmental conditions, like power outage due to tree cover and strong multipath in urban canyon. As RTK is a differential technique which uses a base station at a known location and moving rover. The distance between the rover and base station receivers directly affects the accuracy. However, at Zero Baseline which uses the same antenna for the base station and receiver, thus having same environmental effects, provides a trivial but the best possible scenario and all real life uses are more challenged than this. This paper discusses an empirical analysis of the technique during the high environmental effects on the system (Base + Rover) by employing a Zero Baseline condition. The result of the zero base line tests gives an upper bound to the accuracy of the system in any environment. To measure the accuracy, the setup was taken to the varying environmental conditions in the field and their outputs were analyzed using RTK technique.


Several variables have been investigated in an attempt to find a remedy for what's been dubbed "Steve Blass Disease" or the sudden loss of ability of baseball players to throw accurately. It's also been referred to as the "yips" in golf and as "choking under pressure." Examples of several high-profile athletes are used to illustrate this phenomenon. The findings of academic research studies relating to focus of attention and reinvestment of conscious processing reveal several interacting factors. These have been largely overlooked and likely can be used by practitioners in helping athletes to overcome slumps and to regain optimal performance levels.


The objective of this report is to provide an overview of the different types of control systems used in buildings, to discuss the problems associated with current active control mechanisms, and to show the cost-effectiveness of applying active control to buildings. In addition, a small case study investigates the feasibility and benefits of using embedded actuators in buildings. Use of embedded actuators could solve many of the current problems associated with active control by providing a wider bandwidth of control, quicker speed of response, increased reliability and reduced power requirement. Though embedded actuators have not been developed for buildings, they have previously been used in space structures. Many similarities exist between large civil and aerospace structures indicating that direct transfer of concepts between the two disciplines may be possible. In particular, much of the Controls-Structures Interaction (CSI) technology currently being developed could be beneficially applied to civil structures. While several buildings with active control systems have been constructed in Japan, additional research and experimental verification are necessary before active control systems become widely accepted and implemented.


Abstract The low molecular weight organics were collected from water samples before, during, and after processing at a typical municipal water treatment plant and analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography. The volatile organics were trapped on a solid polyphenyl ether adsorbent. The procedure described was found to offer certain advantages over the conventional analytical techniques in evaluating the nature and origin of low molecular weight organics introduced during the municipal water treatment process.


This report describes a one-pot synthesis of α-P-borano-, α-P-thio-, and α-P-seleno-modified nucleoside diphosphate analogues that are otherwise difficult to obtain. The key step involves the intramolecular nucleophilic attack by an amino group in 5 to remove the γ-phosphate. The absolute configurations of P-diastereomers were confirmed by analysis of their 1H NMR. Affinity studies revealed that the nucleoside boranodiphosphates are potentially useful in antiviral research.


The Obnoxious p-Median (OpM) problem is the repulsive counterpart of the more known attractive pmedian problem: given a set C of cities and a set F of possible locations for obnoxious plants, it consists in finding a p-cardinality subset of F , such that the sum of the distances between each city of C and the nearest site is maximised. Two alternative formulations for OpM and the proof of its NP-hardness are provided, along with a set of valid inequalities for the Branch-and-Cut algorithm used in solving the problem. The paper then presents the results of computational tests performed on a number of randomly generated instances of the problem. Keywords— Obnoxious Locations, Combinatorial Optimization, Branch-and-cut, p-Median.


In this work, a novel silver dendrite sensor, which was an enhancement based on the mixed selfassembled monolayers, was studied and employed to fabricate a surface plasmon resonace (SPR) immunosensor for the detection of ischemia modified albumin (IMA). The limit of the IMA detection was enhanced to 4.7 ng/L by the proposed silver dendrite, in comparison with the direct binding SPR measurement. Besides, no interferent was recognized, which could result in the false positive outcomes. These results indicated that a facile method without label could be supplied by the SPR biosensor with remarkable properties to improve the sensitivity of the assay for the further diagnose of hypertension.


Three interrelated biological subsystems subserve compassion: the autonomic nervous, neuroendocrine, and central nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system—the newly evolved ventral myelinated vagus nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system—allows moment-to-moment fine-tuning of physiological and emotional regulation to promote social engagement behaviours. The neuroendocrine system—the hormones and neurotransmitters vasopressin and oxytocin—facilitates kinship and clan emotional bonding. The central nervous system—an enlarged neocortex (including the prefrontal and cingulate cortices)—allows improved self–other differentiation and the ability to understand another's emotion. The author reviews the first two subsystems in this chapter, showing that compassion is innate. However, it could be obscured by the adversity of individual experiences and by social context or conditioning. The author also shows that the physiological mechanisms that underlie the expression of compassion in the giver also elicit similar effects in those who receive and benefit from it.


Abstract : Evaporation duct climatologies are given for 10 North Atlantic Ocean weather stations. Statistics for evaporation duct height, a measure of duct intensity, are presented in the forms of frequencies of occurrence for each month and histograms of percentages of occurrence for mid-months of each of the four seasons. These data can be used both for operational planning and as input to war gaming. (Author)


The equation of state of MgSiO3 perovskite under high pressure and high temperature is simulated using the molecular dynamics method. It was found that the molecular dynamics simulation is very successful in accurately reproducing the measured molar volumes of MgSiO3 perovskite over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The simulated equation of state of MgSiO3 perovskite matched experimental data at up to 140 GPa at 300 K, as well as the fitting data of others and results from the first-principles simulation based on the local density approximation. The simulated equations of state of MgSiO3 perovskite at higher temperatures and higher pressures also correspond to the other calculations. In addition, the volume compression data of MgSiO3 perovskite is simulated up to 120 GPa at 300, 900, 2000 and 3000 K, respectively.


The iron oxides (Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and their polymorphs) with nano dimensions have many interesting applications in various fields, like biomedical, electronics, etc. This is due to the fact that nanomaterials have unique magnetic and physiological properties as compared to bulk materials. Synthesis is the most important parameter in developing crystalline polymorphs of iron oxide with desirable and distinctive properties that make them suitable for technological applications. In this review, we have briefly discussed the methods of synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (chemical, physical and biosynthesis techniques) with quite interesting outcomes reported in earlier literature. The different characterization tools and concerns for iron oxide nanoparticles are also elaborated. Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscopy; 3D, three dimensions; DLS, dynamic light scattering; FCS, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; IR, infrared; MS, mass spectroscopy; NMs, nanomaterials; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; NPs, nanoparticles; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; STM, scanning tunnelling microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; XRD, X-ray diffraction.


The ALBA Linac is a turn-key system able to produce 4 nC electron beams at 100 MeV beams with a normalized emittance below 30π mm*mrad and a beam position stability below 0.1mm. Thorough analysis are carried out to measure the beam emittance, energy and energy spread. This paper discusses the measurement techniques, analysis method, and results obtained during the Linac commissioning with the THALES colleagues.


Based on the understanding of the concepts of the internal control and the risk management, and the analysis of their interrelations,the author regards that there is no obvious and visible boundary between the internal control and the risk management since they are in accordance with targets and management methods are involved.The internal control and the risk management will transfer and merge under certain conditions.


Business success depends on understanding how external forces such as globalization, demographics, and sustainability impact a company's competitive strategy and position.2 Success also depends on exploiting powerful and reasonably priced digital infrastructures that include mobile technologies, especially smartphones; cloud computing, especially softwareas-a-service for such applications as artificial intelligence and machine learning; wired and wireless networks; and the Internet of things. In fact, digital technology platforms have become the foundation for an increasing share of economic growth. Digital technologies enable the development of new or enhanced products and services delivered to customers more efficiently. These technologies also enable fundamentally new ways to organize business.3 Digital transformation is the reinvention of the company— its vision and strategy, organizational structure, processes, capabilities, and culture. Such transformations not only change companies, but also markets and entire industries.


At the present time to getting a good job is very intricate task for any job seekers. The same problem also a company can face to acquire intelligent and qualified employees. Therefore, to minimize the problem, there are many management systems were applied and out of them, computer based management system is one of an appropriate elucidation for this problem. In the computer management system, software are made for jobseekers to find their suitable companies and as well as made for companies for finding their suitable employees. However, the available software in the market are not intelligent based, and to make privacy, security and robustness, the software should made with the application of expert system. In this proposed study, an attempt has been made for finding the solution for job seekers and the companies with the application of expert systems.


The article discusses the context for, and nature of, regulation of Genetic Modification-related risks such as field trials by New Zealand's Environment Risk Management Authority (ERMA). ERMA works under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, to protect the environment, and the health and safety of people and communities.


Korea rainfall pattern is high and seasonal, averaging about , which is 2/3 of average annual rainfall during July to September. Many landslides have been taken place during this periods of heavy rain. Rainfall is one of the most important factors dominant to landslides. Infiltration of rainfall water into slopes decreases the effective strength of soils, and increases pore water pressure and weight of soils. In this study, the frequency and distribution of landslides is characterized by investigating the records of landslides and rainfalls during the period from in 1987 to 1996 in Taijon-Chungnam area. The area which landslides was occurred in 1987 to 1996 could be distributed into three regional groups (Gum riverside area, Seaside area, Inland area) according to regional characteristics and rainfall patterns. The results of this study are summarized as follows. In the Gum riverside area, the landslide was affected mainly by the daily rainfall rather than the antecedent accumulated rainfall. In the seaside area and the inland area, the landslides was dominated by the antecedent accumulated rainfall and the daily rainfall on the failure day. The landslide was affected by the maximum hourly rainfall in the area which landslide was mainly affected the daily rainfall on the failure day. And the landslide was affected by the maximum hourly rainfall in the area which landslide was mainly affected the daily rainfall on the failure day. A rainfall intensity of about 25 mm/hr or a daily rainfall of 70 mm appears to be the minor landslide event and the major landslide event are induced by a daily rainfall of more than 180 mm. From this study the prediction of landslides can be made divided into be a daily rainfall of more appears to landslides can be made divided into two groups of Gum riverside area, and seaside - inland area in Taijon-Chungnam area.


Received: December 03, 2018 Accepted: December 20, 2018 Published: January 31, 2019 Volume:2 Issue: 1 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2019.2.1.24 There is a general belief among theoreticians and experts of translation that translation is a mental, complicated, and purposeful activity. It is believed that all the procedures applied in translation such as the style of writing, word selections, and idiomatic expressions are influenced by the ideological positions of the translator. This study aims at investigating the strategies of Simine Daneshvar, in the Persian translation of The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne based on Hatim and Mason's model (1997). To this end, the frequency of applying expansion, contraction, voice shift, and materialization as translational strategies to analyze thirty selected pages of this novel. The results of the research indicate that expansion was the most frequent strategy in the research and the other strategies as contraction and voice shift respectively, but on the other hand, materialization strategy was the lowest frequent one. Accordingly, it may be implied that the translator's tendency has been mostly towards domestication, in other words, her ideologies and ideas have influenced her translation. KEYWORDS


The review provides an up-to-date overview and discussion of phenomena related to positive streamer breakdowns in short uniform and non-uniform field (corona) gaps. The terminology used to specify different types of streamer phenomena is critically discussed in light of a unified theory of high-pressure gas discharges describing the sequence of ionization events from initial electron avalanches up to a partial or complete breakdown. The emphasis is given to the understanding of the formation of an active cathode spot by the streamer arrival to the cathode, which is the critical but still obscure phase of the breakdown development. Based on the analysis including a computer simulation model a hypothesis is advanced that also such widely studied and practically important gas discharge phenomena as negative corona Trichel pulses and fast ionization instabilities in cathode regions of high-pressure gas discharges are due to the formation of positive streamers in the immediate cathode vicinity. The proposed hypothesis offers attractive feature of the unification of a wide scale of high-pressure gas discharges within the general class of positive streamer initiated breakdown phenomena. Moreover, it provides indications for further study in the field both by experiment and computer simulations.


Deeply held commitments to individualism, atomism, and egoism have moved psychology to underestimate the frequency and significance of altruism and to seek explanations of examples of altruism that are based in the self-interested motives of the altruists. In this article, I review evidence that altruism is pervasive and discuss the conditions that promote its development in children and its display in adults. However, I suggest that there is nothing natural or inevitable about the pervasiveness of altruism-that large-scale cultural influences that regulate social relations and contribute to establishing the boundaries between self and other can have profound effects on altruism. The contemporary United States, with its emphasis on market relations between free and autonomous individuals, exemplifies the cultural conditions least conducive to altruism.


Transition cow health assessment study with 28 crossbreed Jersey and Holstein Friesian cows of 3 to 7-year-old were under taken. They were conventionally managed under field conditions over a period of 2 years. Two blood samples were collected from each cow and were assessed for haematological and biochemical analysis. There was significant variation (p<0.05) found between MCH, MCHC and platelet values of pre and post partum cross bred cows. The erythrocyte count in pregnant cows was significantly higher than that of postpartum cows. In the present study, no significant differences were found between the prepartum and postpartum serum metabolites of globulin, phosphorus, total calcium and non-esterified fatty acids levels except for the concentrations of chloride and ionized calcium where the prepartum value was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the postpartum values.


The condition of most patients with Lyme disease improves after initial antibiotic therapy; however, 10 to 20% of treated patients may have lingering symptoms of fatigue, musculoskeletal pains, disrupted sleep, and lack of customary mental functions. The plausible idea that additional antimicrobial therapy for potentially persistent bacterial infection would foster improvement has been a touchstone of hope in the 40 years since discovery of the disease in the mid-1970s. Patients with long-standing symptoms and well-documented, previously treated Lyme disease have been the focus of a number of randomized, placebo-controlled studies in North America that assessed whether additional antibiotic therapy offers . . .


The thermal boundary layer on an exponentially stretching continuous surface with an exponential temperature distribution in the presence of the magnetic field effect is investigated numerically. The local similarity solution is applied to the governing equations. Comparisons with previously published work are made and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. Numerical results for temperature distribution and the local Nusselt number have been presented for different values of the governing parameters. In particular, it has been found that the magnetic field decreases the temperature difference at the wall of the stretching surface, while the Nusselt number decreases with it.


It is argued that the picture of an Anderson-Edwards-Newns adatom-substrate electronic resonance, coupled to the collective fluctuations of the local spin density, provides a qualitatively correct, physically sensible, and calculationally practical description of electronic states in the vicinity of a chemisorbed atom. At the simplest level, we observe that it is exactly correct to second order in the Coulomb interaction parameter $U$, and that it reproduces the proper two-level structure in the adatom density of states in the opposite limit of weak adatom-substrate electron transfer energy $V$. We investigate the question of how to parametrize a local spinfluctuation (LSF) model of the dynamics of a system described by an Anderson Hamiltonian, with particular attention focused on the strong-coupling (Kondo) limit. We find that to the extent that bonding or antiboding states or resonances appear far from the Fermi level, a larger $\frac{U}{V}$ is necessary to reach the Kondo limit. Most cases of chemisorption on transition metals are therefore in weak- or intermediate-coupling regimes. To illustrate the scheme, we have calculated the effect of spin fluctuations on the adatom density of states for several model substrate surface densities of states. One sees arising naturally a doubling of structure in the spectrum and possible resonances near the Fermi level. Finally, we generalize the LSF theory to the important case where electrons interact in the substrate as well as on the adatom, and calculate the resulting substrate and adatom densities of states.


The series of dam monitoring data is taken as a string of digital signal with different frequencies.Aiming at the high frequency noise,a new method of lifting wavelet based on improved threshold function is proposed to extract response component of dam deformation observation data.The example shows that the lifting wavelet based on improved threshold function is more accurate and objective in the process of extracting response component compared with traditional wavelet method.So it plays a key role in analysis of the dam work condition.


As design has been slowly embraced as an element of business research, a number of well-established organizational strategy concepts have been called into question. This article empirically examines the relationship between firm performance and market orientation (MO), one of the most commonly employed variables within business strategy, among design-driven firms. Our findings suggest that the positive relationship between MO and performance present in most business strategy literature does not appear to hold among organizations with a strong strategic focus on design. Design-driven firms seem to actively downplay MO, resulting in a statistically significant negative relationship between the concept and its three sub-factors: customer orientation (CUST), competitor orientation (COMP), and inter-functional coordination (INTER) on two measures of firm performance, project-level success and competitive advantage. Drawing on related literature and follow-up interviews with firm managers, we rationalize these results as evidence of design-driven firms efforts to avoid the so-called 'tyranny of the served market' where a narrow focus on current customers and established competitors within incremental markets can lead to myopia and limit innovation. The implications of this study may be to provide support to managers of design-driven organizations to de-emphasize MO's narrow focus on close industry rivals and well-defined customers as well as much-needed empirical support for anecdotal accounts of how many traditional business strategy variables, such as MO, may be insufficient, or at least incomplete explanations of design-driven organizations.


With the deepening of the reform in physical education in universities,the ideology,theory,textbooks and teaching practice are improved and innovated continuously.Therefore,it becomes an everlasting theme for the university physical education management to regulate its education management,explore its management innovation and improve its teaching quality.The ISO9001 Quality Management System is an advanced theory in the construction of modern university physical education management.It will prove valuable in the future survival and sustainable development of university physical education.


This paper has a two-pronged thesis. First, laws should be understood as making factual claims about the moral order. Second, the truth or falsity of these claims depends as much on the content of the law as on whether the lawmaker has political authority. In particular, laws produced by legitimate authorities are successful as laws when they guide subjects' behavior by giving subjects authoritative reasons for action. This paper argues that laws produced by legitimate authorities accomplish this task (i) by being on their own sufficient to change the moral state of affairs, which (ii) thereby generates for people new moral reasons to act that they can read right off of the legislation.


Eighteen bacterial isolates gram negative and gram positive were collected from King Fahd central hospital, Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Four of these isolates belonging to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three to Acintobacter baumanni and Klebsiella Pneumonia, two to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and E. coli, and one isolate to Enterobacter sp., E. aerogenes, Staphylococcus capitis and S. epidermis. Bacterial isolates were isolated from different sources e.g., blood, swab, throat, trachea, urine, wound. The antimicrobial activity of four plant oils; cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) were obtained from the local market were evaluated on twelve sensitive and resistant isolates of the collected bacteria. Clove oil showed highest antimicrobial potential on different bacterial isolates (MICs ranged from 0.3125 to 3.75 μg/ml). The antimicrobial activity of clove oil was evaluated alone or incombination with 10g Gentamycin or 5g Rifampicin, antibiotics on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Association of antibiotics and clove oil showed synergistic antibacterial activity against tested bacteria.


As a result of a stationary stage of treatment there has come(stepped) the termination(discontinuance) at 43 of 82 patients, that has made 52,4 %, and the closing of a cavity has come(stepped) at 26 of 76 patients, that has made 34,2%. The basic reasons of low efficiency of a stationary stage of treatment are, later revealing, failure(refusal) of treatment, irregular reception of preparations and presence of medicinal stability.


This research is focusing to the identification of the condition and problems of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) textile sector consist batik, woven and embroidery SME in Medan to face the ASEAN Economics Community (AEC), and is giving solution to the problems that they have to approach AEC. This research use qualitative methods. The sample is selected by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The numbers of informant are 10 people. Data Analysis was performed by Triple Helix models. The results show that the main causes for the inability of Batik SMEs to compete in Medan are laborer, entrepreneur, networking and market penetration, government support, production and consumers. Synergy could be done among academicians, businessmen (SME) and government. Synergy is conducted as a strategy and concrete steps of comprehensive development of SME.


The topography of mountain belts results from interactions between surface processes, lithospheric thickening, and mantle dynamics. However, what determines the contributions of each mechanism has yet to be quantified. The Apennines (Italy) provide a study area where all of these processes are at play. The central part of the Apennines is an orogenic wedge formed by the westward subducting Adriatic microplate during Miocene-Pliocene, and overlies an area of local slab detachment. Recent studies indicate anomalously high uplift rates in this area (Faccenna et al., 2015), as well as a simultaneous onset of post-orogenic extension at ∼2 Ma (Cosentino et al., 2017). These observations have been interpreted as an expression of dynamic topography due to the slab break-off and inherent mantle upwelling.


Literary criticism evolved slowly in southern Africa. One of the first commentators to write about this topic was the Unitarian minister, Ramsden Balmforth (1861-1941), a native of Yorkshire and Unitarian minister who emigrated to Cape Town in 1897. Eschewing conventional homiletics in its various forms, in dozens of instances he illustrated ethical and spiritual points in his Sunday sermons or 'discourses' by discussing their manifestation in literary works. Crucially, these texts did not merely yield illustrations of Biblical themes, but themselves served as the primary written vehicles of moral and ethical principles, and the Bible was rarely mentioned in them. Balmforth's orations about novels were published in 1912. The following year he preached about selected operas by Richard Wagner, and in the 1920s Balmforth issued two additional series of discourses focusing on dramas. In all of these commentaries he consistently emphasised thematic content rather than narrative and other literary techniques. He extracted lessons which he related to his ethically orientated version of post-orthodox religious faith.


The paper describes the events leading to the development of wide longitudinal cracks in the lean-mix concrete road-bases of motorway pavements, together with the subsequent investigations to establish the probable cause of the problem. The motorway embankments were only 2-3 M high and were founded on the flat alluvial plain of the river Trent. The embankments were formed by the excavation of local surface deposits of sand, relatively rapid deposition of the granular fill material, and compaction by heavy vibratory rollers. Thin layers of essentially fibrous peat were discovered at shallow depths within the alluvium. New drainage channels were formed parallel to and near the toes of the side-slopes of the low embankments. The paper examines mechanisms which could have contributed to the mode of pavement failure and makes general recommendations to obviate the problem in similar circumstances. (Author/TRRL)


OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of applying a very minimal weight bearing in the early phase of a general rehabilitation program for returning to sports after periacetabular osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip in physically active populations.METHODS A 22 year-old NCAA Division I female water polo player, with no prior history of hip injury and no signs of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), reported to athletic training facility early season complaining of right hip pain after stationary bike workout. The athlete reported hearing and feeling a sudden "pop" within the right hip with immediate hip pain when she was pedaling at moderate intensity of a stationary bike. Numbness and tingling was felt initially with the mechanism. Tender to palpate at the right hip flexor and anterior hip joint, as well as the greater trochanter. The athlete's chief complaints were pain with walking and prolonged sitting. Antalgic gait noticed during evaluation. A 6-, 12-, and 24-week rehabilitation protocol were performed.RESULTS X-ray and MRI images showed no avascular necrosis or fracture. An abnormal alpha angle found and no bursitis or tendonitis was shown. A periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) was performed to rotate the acetabular fragment into optimal position and fixed to the pelvis with 3 screws. During the initial 6-week of post-surgical rehabilitation, the level of pain and edema were minimized, the athlete was able to perform toe-touch and partial weight-bearing with crutches, and restored hip ROMs. From 6 to 10 weeks, the athlete recovered full hip ROMs and able to perform lunges, leg press, deadlifts, mini squats back to pre-injury status. The athlete was able to return to activities of daily living (ADLs) after 12 weeks. At 24 weeks, the athlete was able to fully participate in sports without limitations.CONCLUSIONS This case describes the rehabilitation program employed following PAO for an atypical case of DDH in a water polo athlete who had no signs and symptoms of DDH prior to sports participation. At the end of the season, the athlete opted to undergo PAO given the risks and underwent a 6-month rehabilitation before a full return to function. This case report aides with treatment knowledge and postsurgical rehabilitation techniques for athletic trainers.


ABSTRACT
 The purpose of this study is to investigate how political and technical factors influence climate finance coordination in different country contexts. Emerging scholarly and policy literature calls for the improved coordination of climate finance to enhance the effectiveness of multiple sources of funding for adaptation and mitigation purposes, with country ownership over coordination emerging as a potential approach. However, few studies have examined how climate finance coordination unfolds at the national level in developing countries. This paper presents findings from a comparative assessment of climate finance coordination practices in Kenya and Zambia, drawing on semi-structured interviews, policy documents, and relevant literature. Specifically, the paper investigates how political and technical forces shape climate finance coordination in contexts with varying country ownership over the coordination process. We find that political factors relating to power dynamics, framings of climate finance, and vested interests play a strong role in shaping how actors interact, hampering coordination efforts within the climate finance landscape in both countries. This adds a new dimension to calls for greater country ownership, which we suggest needs to be paired with a critical examination of political struggles and contestation. Key policy insights Underlying political factors relating to conflicting vested interests, different framings and discourses, political will, and power dynamics play a substantive and overarching role in shaping climate finance coordination in Kenya and Zambia. These political factors limit the extent to which greater country ownership translates to better or more effective coordination of climate finance; as such, ownership needs to be examined in the context of political struggles and contestation. Instead of just aiming to improve coordination through more formalized coordination structures, capacity building and reduced fragmentation, countries also need to be more transparent and acknowledge the deep-seated interests within the climate finance landscape, to make visible the winners and losers of various coordination mechanisms and structures.


The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of micro-capsules, in particular to a method for preparing a micro-capsule by taking xanthan gum and gelatine as wall materials through a complex coacervation method. The invention aims to solve the problems of being low in micro-capsule encapsulation efficiency and large in grain diameter prepared by the current method. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1, preparing gelatine solution; 2, preparing xanthan gum solution; 3, preparing steady O/W type emulsion, and then adding the xanthan gum solution to obtain mixed solution; 4, adding a curing agent after adjusting pH of the mixed solution; and 5, drying to obtain the micro-capsule. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the encapsulation efficiency can be above 90%; the drug loading capacity can be up to 70% maximally; if being placed below 60 DEG C for 10 days, the micro-capsule is only oxidized by 3-8%; the antioxidant ability is strong; in the event of carrying out an in-vitro drug release test, the whole drug releasing time is 12 hours; the accumulated release rate can be above 90%; the slow-release effect is good; and the method disclosed by the invention is mainly used for preparing the micro-capsule by taking xanthan gum and gelatine as the wall materials through the complex coacervation method.


For the reason that the Halong system often causes pollution to an enviroment, it is necessary to put forward strict requirements for the design of a gas out fire control system. Especially the fire detection system should have very high reliability so as to reduce its signal error rate and trigger error eate. The paper presents a new signal processing method and abopts the fuzzy algorithm and multi signal fusion for fire judgement, thus designing a gas out fire control system.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides a method of determining the amount and affinity of the compounds capable of binding to the disintegrin protein in a method and a sample for identifying a compound capable of binding to the disintegrin protein . The present invention is useful for these purposes, disintegrin protein recombinant expression vectors and human disintegrin metalloprotease protein encoding a host cell and disintegrin proteins including recombinant expression vectors for fragments or variants thereof are also provided. The present invention is a screening method of disease based on osteoarthritis and other metalloprotease in vivo or in vitro, the manufacturing and use of the kit provided.


Dear Editor

The report by Professor Gordon Johnson and the recommendations by Dr Paul Courtright summarise beautifully the Workshop on Practical Eye Care Guidelines for Leprosy Patients. (J Comm Eye Health 2001; 14: 25–26).

In addition, I would like to clarify one point on treatment of lagophthalmos:

Recent lagophthalmos, independent of size of lid gap, should be treated first with a course of systemic steroids as per general guidelines for type 1 reaction and recent nerve damage in leprosy. Usually a duration of nerve damage of ≤ 6 months, is taken as indication for steroid treatment in leprosy.

Even recent lagophthalmos with a lid gap of 8–10 mm in mild closure may recover, provided steroid treatment is given in time. Meanwhile the cornea should be protected by conservative means in combination with blinking exercises.1


Most of the men in these studies did not perceive the need for assistance of a helping professional. Whether or not you are gay or lesbian, you should not assume that gay working-class men are open to your assistance. A history (longer in the U.S.) of gay discrimination may make this a slow process, wherein the worker may need to earn a gay or working-class client's trust. Verbal and nonverbal behavior that is classist or heterosexist will serve only to reinforce this history of disrespect. Chersky and Siever (1994) tell us that working-class men are psychologically distant from practical help and emotional support outside of their natural support systems. These men may be restrained by the basic value of self-reliance, which, while a positive adaptive skill in so many areas of life, becomes an obstacle to seeking and receiving help or social welfare entitlements. This strongly-held value might lead to shame and embarrassment when faced with the prospect of


An ultra-performance hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in human urine and plasma. After the sample was cleaned-up and concentrated by immunoaffinity column, the separation of the TTX was carried out on an Acquity UPLC BEH amide column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution using mobile phases of 0.1% ( V/V ) formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The analyte was detected by positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantified by external solvent standard calibration. The measuring ranges of TTX in urine and plasma were 0.05-400 μg/L. The average recoveries were 92%-95% and 91%-96% for TTX respectively spiked in urine and plasma with relative standard deviations of 3.3%-7.2% and 3.9%-7.8% ( n =5). The limits of detection (LOD, S/N =3) and limits of quantitation (LOQ, S/N =10) of TTX were 0.02 μg/L and 0.05μg/L for urine and plasma, respectively. This method is suitable for the detection of TTX in urine and plasma for both forensic and clinical purposes.


We consider a downlink OFDMA-based cellular cognitive radio network (CRN) coexisted with primary radio networks (PRNs). The goal is joint scheduling and power allocation among CRN users to maximize the sum-throughput of the CRN satisfying the interference constraints on the PRN. To this aim, first we propose cognitive single cell multiple access channel (CSCMAC) algorithm to find search area faster, where the goal is to find a simple, fast and stable method to calculate optimal dual variables in resource allocation for each individual user. Then, utilizing these values, we propose cognitive two cell iterative spectrum balancing (CTC-ISB) algorithm, where by considering interfering effects caused by adjacent cells as well as interference constraints on the primary network, the power and scheduling are allocated among the CRN users so that the sum-throughput of the CRN network is maximized. The proposed algorithm achieves near-optimal performance in practical applications. The proposed method is compared with other algorithms and simulation results are provided to assess its performance. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional algorithm in terms of sumthroughput maximization of the total network. Keywords—Resource allocation, cellular cognitive radio network, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), non-convex optimization


This article picks up the theme of the value of life story collection arguing that collecting stories in a systematic and comprehensive way needs to be pursued with some urgency. It draws on examples from around the world where such projects have been undertaken with other communities to provide models that could be adapted for an Anglo-Indian oral history project. The details and references provided will be valuable to aspiring life story collectors. The article also presents ideas for Anglo-Indian youth-led projects.


The recent development of new ultrasound techniques (pulsed Doppier, Duplex Scanner and Colour-flow) has made it possible to use this non invasive means in the routine monitoring of pregnancies at risk and for determining Optimum timing for delivery. In the management of cases of IUGR, the study of intracranial blood vassels in small-for -date fetuses, in relation to flow data from other parts of the body, provides useful and reliable Information on haemodinamic changes in brain circulation due to hypoxia (4,5).


Purpose: The study was done to define complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among primary brain tumor patients and factors influencing use. Methods: The study was conducted with convenience sampling in 5 neuro-oncology centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected using a 25-item questionnaire developed by the researchers. Results: Of 250 patients approached, 231 (92.4%) agreed to participate. Overall, 26.8% of the respondents used CAM and the average cost for CAM use was 300,000 KRW. More than 72% of CAM users did not disclose CAM use to their health care professionals. The most frequently used therapy was natural products including mushrooms. Logistic regression analysis revealed that an education level of university or higher (OR=2.92, 95% CI=1.56-5.44, p=.001), unemployment (OR=1.99, 95% CI=1.04-3.80, p=.037), and WHO grade III & IV tumors (OR=2.18, 95% CI=1.07-4.72, p=.048) were significant factors influencing CAM use. Conclusion: Three out of ten brain tumor patients spend substantial sum of money for CAM. In these situations, health care professionals should be aware of this phenomenon and provide adequate information and consultation to the patients.


The annual response variable in an ecological monitoring study often relates linearly to the weighted cumulative effect of some daily covariate, after adjusting for other annual covariates. Here we consider the problem of non-parametrically estimating the weights involved in computing the aforementioned cumulative effect, with a panel of short and contemporaneously correlated time series whose responses share the common cumulative effect of a daily covariate. The sequence of (unknown) daily weights constitutes the so-called transfer function. Specifically, we consider the problem of estimating a smooth common transfer function shared by a panel of short time series that are contemporaneously correlated. We propose an estimation scheme using a likelihood approach that penalizes the roughness of the common transfer function. We illustrate the proposed method with a simulation study and a biological example of indirectly estimating the spawning date distribution of North Sea cod.


For massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, linear precoding is preferable to nonlinear precoding for better performance-complexity trade-off. However, linear precoding is still difficult to implement in practice for such large systems, because the precoding matrix involves the complicated matrix inversion that must be rapidly computed in real-time. In this paper, we use the large-scale property of massive MIMO systems, the excellent characteristics of the weighted Neumann series (WNS) matrix, and steepest descent (SD) method to devise a new iterative precoding for massive MIMO systems. First, by exploiting the characteristics of WNS iteration, we proposed a weighted Neumann series-steepest descent (WNS-SD) iterative algorithm to perform precoding with low-complexity, and the convergence condition is always met in underloaded scenarios. Second, by devising a novel first iterative step of the aforementioned WNS-SD iterative algorithm, we proposed an accelerated iterative algorithm, named the accelerated weighted Neumann series-steepest descent (AWNS-SD) algorithm. Furthermore, in the first iterative step of the AWNS-SD algorithm, we designed a promising preconditioning matrix for the SD algorithm based on the WNS matrix. Subsequently, via merger with the WNS iterative method, the AWNS-SD iterative precoding not only greatly improves the convergence rate of WNS-SD and other competitive precoding algorithms while maintaining low-complexity, but also guarantees a wide range of convergence. Finally, simulation results verify the validity of the theoretical analysis and show that without additional iteration steps, the proposed AWNS-SD precoding achieves near-optimal performance of the exact zero forcing (ZF) precoding in just one iterative step for typical massive MIMO system configurations. Furthermore, the diagonal matrix concept is applied to the preconditioning technique to further reduce the overall complexity.