This paper aimed to evidence the benefits, opportunities and differences considered by Kyoto Protocol proposed for the developing countries. The Protocol analysis shows the differences related to treatment of developed and developing countries. The CDM, as a flexibility tool, favors the technologies and know-how from new enterprises transfers and stimulates sustainable development in CDM host countries. Beyond these benefits, the in development countries are allowed to get financial resources through CERs inter countries trading. If well applied, the CDM allows the in development countries to associate economic growth and technological development with the reduction of atmosphere pollution.


An artificial neural network approach for the automated design of a positive type second generation current conveyor is presented in this paper. A multi-layer perceptron structure is successfully employed to estimate the corresponding transistor dimensions for a given set of desired performance criteria of the circuit. Data generated by a circuit simulation program (SPICE) is used to train the artificial neural network. The excellent agreement between the desired specifications and the actual results from SPICE simulation results approves that neural networks are powerful tools for automated analog circuit sizing.


In correlated electron materials, electrons often self-organize and form a variety of patterns with potential ordering of charges, spins, and orbitals, which are believed to be closely connected to many novel properties of these materials including superconductivity, metal-insulator transitions, and the CMR effect. How these real-space patterns affect the conductivity and other properties of materials (which are usually described in momentum space) is one of the major challenges of modern condensed matter physics. Moreover, although the presence of static stripes is indisputable, the existence (and potential impacts) of fluctuating stripes in such compounds is a subject of great debate. Here we present the electronic excitations of La$_{2-2x}$Sr$_{1+2x}$Mn$_{2}$O$_{7}$ (x ~ 0.59) probed by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES), from which we demonstrate that a novel type of ordering, termed bi-stripes, can exhibit either static or fluctuating order as a function of temperature. We found that the static bi-stripe order is especially damaging to electrical conductivity, completely localizing the electrons in the bi-stripe regions, while the fluctuating stripes can coexist with mobile carriers. This physics drives a novel phase transition with colossal conductivity changes as a function of temperature. Our finding suggests that quantum stripes can give rise to electronic properties significantly different from their static counterparts. Inducing transition between them can turn on remarkable electronic phenomena, enriching our understanding of correlated electron systems as well as opening a window for potential applications in electronic devices.


Abstract A method using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) as a powerful separation technique has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the four flavonols rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in food supplements and pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic separation was achieved in 36 min using a Symmetry C18 column (250 × 3 mm; 5 µm) as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, and pH 2.5 aqueous acetic acid as the mobile phase in gradient elution mode. The analytical wavelengths were 256 nm for rutin, quercetin and isorhamnetin, and 368 nm for kaempferol. An ultrasound-assisted extraction protocol was performed using methanol as solvent. The detection and quantification limits were lower than 0.03 µg mL−1 and 0.08 µg mL−1, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day precisions were less than 4.8 and 5.1%, respectively, and the average recoveries were in the range from 96 to 107%. The method was applied for the determination of the studied flavonols in food supplements and pharmaceutical preparations. The satisfactory recovery values demonstrate the potential of the developed method for the determination of the analytes in these samples. In addition, the method is suitable for routine quality control due its ease of operation.


The author explains the importance of the terminal surface and considers impacts on terminal surfaces from wheel loads, static loads, pollution and changes in use. The formulation of terms of reference for the design of pavement are discussed with a list of important aspects. Surface design is examined with regard to subsoil, pavement types and design methods. Some examples of terminal surface are described, mainly: bituminous surfaces, concrete slabs, concrete blocks and granular surfaces. Maintenance and reconstruction are also mentioned.


Background: Nursing care with emphasis on pressure ulcer prevention strategies may be great help for the bedridden patients in prevention of pressure ulcer formation. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of pressure ulcer prevention strategies on pressure ulcer formation among bed ridden patients. Materials and methods: True experimental, posttest only research design was used in the study. 40 patients were selected for the study by using simple random sampling. The study was carried out from November, 2017 to February, 2018 at NIMS hospital, Jaipur. Result: found significant difference in formation of pressure ulcer among bed ridden patients of experimental and control group. Conclusion: Study reveals that pressure ulcer prevention strategies are effective in pressure ulcer formation.


Article on an example of Pictish anthropological art discovered in Orkney, incised on the surface of a cattle bone artefact that is interpreted as a gaming piece. The find is described and compared with related objects, with conclusions that may hold implications for the origins of hnefatafl and the meaning of some Pictish symbols.


In this study, adhesion improved silver nanowires (AgNWs) conducting film was produced via the meniscus dragging deposition method. In order to improve adhesion of AgNWs films, the AgNWs were surface-modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and coated over the pristine AgNWs networked film. Based on this strategy, the positively charged amine groups of the APTES-AgNWs and the negatively charged hydroxyl groups of the substrates formed electrostatic bonds, improving the adhesion between the AgNWs and substrates without sacrificing conductivity. AgNWs films on the rigid and flexible substrates were characterized using various analytical techniques. AgNWs networked film exhibited a sheet resistance of 6–22 Ω/sq at the transmittance at 550 nm, corresponding to 74–86% transmittance, confirming promising transparent electrodes. Adhesion of AgNWs film is confirmed based on a peel-off test and AgNWs film maintained a good conductivity even after several peel-off tests.


A strain of psychrophilic bacterium, 2-5-10-1, which produces low-temperature lipase, is isolated from the deep sea of Prydz Bay in Southern Ocean. The highest lipase secretion of this strain is observed at 5 °C and this temperature is also for optimal growth. Tween 80 and olive oil enhance secretion of lipase. The optimal temperature and pH for lipase activity are 35 °C and 7.5 °C respectively. At 0°C, the lipase still has 37% relative enzyme activity. The lipase shows high thermolability, more than 50% activity lost after incubation at 60 °C for 15 min. EDTA has no effect on lipase activity, indicating the lipase activity is independent of divalent cation. In contrast, the lipase activity is inhibited drastically by Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ .


To the subject animal or subject for delivery of a pharmaceutically acceptable active ingredient such as a drug, softer tasty chewable pharmaceutical vehicles. Soft chews includes only food grade or more inactive ingredients, preferably free of components of animal origin. Method of making a soft chews the active ingredient and it is not necessary to generate heat during mixing of the inactive ingredients, provides a stable concentration of the active ingredient, the weight and texture to produce a uniform chew.


Maxillary canine impaction is nowadays a commonly seen condition which is always challenging to the orthodontist to bring the tooth to the normal position and finish the case with proper canine class-I relationship. In many cases it is very difficult to guide the tooth properly into the arch. In this arti cle we will be trying to refresh the different methods of management of impacted maxillary canine. Even though bringing canine to the normal position may increase the treatment duration, it is good to have a good canine relationship at the final outcome of the treatment, which of course has a good aesthetic value.


In computing, there are multiple representations of same data. Finding out those duplicated data is a difficult task. Duplicate detection is the process of identifying those redundant data to reduce storage utilization and avoid the confusion. Today, duplicate detection methods need to process larger data in shorter time period. The proposed system will be having efficient approaches for finding duplicate data. The first is based on Novel progressive duplicate detection algorithms that will significantly increase the efficiency of finding duplicate files. The second is based on secure hashing algorithm which will find duplicated content by dividing the data into chunks. The best algorithm will be analysed for finding duplicate data with higher accuracy and also in a shorter time span.


On 15 September 2015, the Spanish Supreme Court upheld the decision from the Court of Appeal, which found three members of the panel of speakers from the popular TV programme "Salvame" responsible for defamation, after insulting Spanish socialite Carmen Lomana on air. The defendants will have to compensate Lomana with EUR 120 000 in total (EUR 60 000, EUR 30 000 and EUR 30 000 respectively)


Symptoms post- SARS-CoV-2 infection may persist for months and cause significant impairment and impact to quality of life. Acute symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection are well studied, yet data on clusters of symptoms over time, or postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), are limited. We aim to characterize PASC phenotypes by identifying symptom clusters over a six-month period following infection in individuals vaccinated (boosted and not) and those unvaccinated. Subjects with [≥]1 self-reported symptom and positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 at CVS Health US test sites were recruited between January and April 2022. Patient-reported outcomes symptoms, heath-related quality of life (QoL), work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) were captured at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-acute infection. Logistic regression and latent class analysis (LCA) were performed on 20 symptoms using baseline socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and vaccination status as well as EQ-5and WPAI results as covariables. Subjects with more symptoms were associated with lower health-related quality of life, and worse WPAI scores. LCA identified three phenotypes that are primarily differentiated by number of symptoms. These three phenotypes remained consistent across time periods. Vaccinated individuals were more likely to be in the low symptom burden latent classes at all time points compared to unvaccinated individuals.


The present study attempts to investigate effective EFL teacher educators from the perspective of student teachers. For this purpose, a survey design was employed to examine student teachers' perceptions regarding the characteristics of effective teacher educators using four attributes, namely: subject matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, organisation and communication skills, and socio-affective skills. The questionnaire was administered online to 334 student teachers at the English Education Department. The data was analysed descriptively and the findings revealed student teachers have different perceptions on each attribute of effective EFL teacher educators. Several attributes were found to be comparatively more important than other attributes. The results of the study may enhance teacher educators' awareness concerning what makes them effective from the perspective of student teachers and improve their teaching quality.


Design research (DR) has been an emerging research paradigm in the field of educational technology as well as in education generally for two decades. Educational design research integrates design and research into a socially responsible approach to inquiry related to learning and teaching. Given its still relative novelty, design research requires further discussion regarding what it is and how it can be effectively executed. Instructional Systems Design (ISD) is one of the major activities carried out by educational technologists. Both ISD and design research deal with the enactment of design to improve educational practice. This paper describes the differences and similarities between these two activities and addresses the implications of these differences and similarities for educational technology researchers and practitioners.


Modern palaeontology is the earth-scientific specialism that investigates the nature and significance of fossils, that is, the study of the remains of once living organisms which have been preserved in earth's crust. Palaeontology thus investigates the history of life on earth. It does so by applying biological and geological scientific concepts and knowledge. Before its establishment and rise to a fully-fledged scientific state, this special branch of geology passed through a long period of pre-modern development. This book deals with those generally slow and intermittently stagnant developments in the study of those strange 'medals of Creation', that is, the period of gestation of palaeontology as the prime study of ancient life.


The modulating source assumption allows us to specify the problem of anomaly detection as a problem in robust statistics. The demodulation property of the Teager energy operator is used to jointly expose amplitude and frequency features of audio sub-bands. Spectral decomposition is achieved using a scaled wavelet function acting as a band-pass filter which halves its bandwidth for each decomposition level. Through successive transformation of variable, Teager energy of Laplace distributed sub-bands are redistributed into a Gaussian distribution for which parameters are estimated using the FAST-MCD algorithm. The robust Mahalanobis distances are used in the identification of minor anomalies. Tracked over a brief period, if an uncharacteristic change is detected in the context vector containing the robust sub-band means in units of the robust standard deviations, then the minor anomalies are relabeled as major anomalies and are used in a cross-correlation estimate from both channels of a two sensor array. The median of the resulting delay estimates in each sub-band provide the localization for the major anomaly.


This guide provides information and websites relevant to Autism and Asperger's Syndrome, as well as resources that helped support the BCC Honor Society's year-long project to advance autism awareness (2010-'11).


This research reveals the theatrical dramaturgy of realism and its staging strategies. As a dramaturgy study, history, theory, and theatrical conventions of realism are also revealed, from the beginning and development in the West to Indonesia. Furthermore, how a realism theater is created What are the dramatic and artistic tactics carried out by the director to bring the illusion of reality on the stage. This research is a literature review that makes books or other sources of literature the object of research.The results of the study explain that the history of the emergence of the theater of realism in the West is a rejection of the classical theater style that presents gods, fairies, and other mythological creatures. Theatrical realism conventions are themes around social life and psychology; the characters have sociological, psychological, and physiological dimensions; linear plot; settings are made static; absence of symbols; the fourth wall; and catharsis. The dramatic and artistic tactics carried out by the director are based on chaos, a personal experience experienced by the director.Key words: dramatic tactics, artistic tactics, realism, and the illusion of reality


Abstract Organic farming has emerged in the European Union as a necessity and an alternative to conventional agriculture. During the three programming periods that have been implemented so far, organic farming has benefited from increased attention with dedicated special programs and substantial allocations to support the development of this sector. This type of agriculture involves the use of a set of techniques and practices that result in yield that provides the food needed by the population considering the sustainable use of resources. Studies have shown that best agricultural practices are applied in organic farming, helping farmers to adapt to climate change by consolidating ecosystems, increasing soil structure quality, water management and water quality, while diversifying crop and animal production while building the knowledge base necessary for the development of a sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. The study analyzes the results obtained so far in the European Union, but at the same time addresses what is to be implemented to increase the sector for organic farming, focusing on the number of certified operators in organic farming and cultivated areas. At the same time, the objectives set by the European Community to be achieved by 2030 are presented. The main conclusion of the study is that organic farming has become an essential sector in the European Union with more and more funding from the European Commission.


In this work, we propose the observation of operations involved in the redevelopment of segmentation of infant writing. We concentrate, particulary, on textual redevelopment marks (more specifically on segment redevelopment). Our aim was to observe which factors are involved in the initial process of written acquisition and how, at this crucial time, children distribute and produce graphic material along the texts and realize sucessfully what we refer to as textual section development. Resource material came from written work from public school students in São José do Rio Preto (SP), which were collected on a fortnightly basis during a four year period. From this material, we selected 62 texts written by twenty people who attended the second grade of fundamental education in 2002. Each text was chosen due to the appearance of floating writing in the written segments on at least two occasions. A quantitative analysis between the incidence of redevelopment and the relation of prosodic constituents that are involved was carried out with the aim to enabling the formulation of arguments to the fact that prosodic constituents on these occasions had some contribution to children skill aquision. We also took care to note that these events enable us to deliberate about the possibility of what might be consider sporadic facts in infant writting and that could be considered as generic. Based upon presumed theorectical-methods tied to "Paradigma Indiciário" on one side, and the idea of a heterogenic method of written formulation, such as that proposed by Côrrea (1997 and 2004), on the other, we arrive at a proposition that, on these occasions, the interlacing of reconstructed aspects of the origin of written skills (in the case of children), and the institucionalized written code stirred up not only tension concerning the delimitation of works, in written learners, but also made possible the emergence of words upon words. As a general result, such fluctuations in infant writing can be understood as a search for an ordinance of words, given the multifacetted character of such structures. In other words, we refer to attempts that do or do not correspond to the spoken language which are results in the relationship of the pupil with multiple aspects of language recovered in social practices. As a more specific result, we arrive at two different conclusion, which appear to crossover these events: i) one, more related to prosodic characteristics of language and tied up to what we consider as a representation of writing in this supposed beginning and ii) another factor connected more to the image which learner writers have, rather than to what would be proper writing and tied up to the representation of the institutionalized written code.


Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) utilizes the Internet for voice communication. VoIP has a problem that a voice gap occasionally happens according to a delay spike. A voice gap caused by a delay spike is longer than 500 milliseconds. Voice gap compensation methods have been proposed before now, but they are all only for short term gaps. No compensation method for long term voice gaps was proposed, because it was too difficult to compensate several phonemes. Our proposed method is for long term voice gaps. When a spike delay happens and next packet does not arrive, the receiver stops replaying voice and repeats the talk-spurt from the beginning instead of replaying next packet after the voice gap. This method can transmit the meaning of a sentence clearly, because automatic speech repetition simulates speech repair which often occurs in normal conversation. Humans are accustomed to this speech repair. This method can preserve naturalness as well, because it changes voice gaps into speech repetition. And the listener has little awareness of speech repetition compensation. We implemented the IP telephony system equipped with speech repetition compensation and also evaluated this method. As the result, we could ensure the usefulness of this method.


This study presents investigations on modeling and control of dual three-phase internal permanent magnet machines with distributed thirty degree electrically shifted winding sets. An approach how to model the additional dependencies accompanied with dual three-phase machines is presented. Especially rotor position and saturation of the inductances have to be taken into account in order to enable the modeling of current harmonics. Also, due to manufacturing reasons, asymmetries and unbalances between the two three-phase subsystems are possible. This leads to large amplitude differences in the phase current which further results in a limited operational range. The proposed modeling approach enables control development to minimize above mentioned parasitic effects, adopting existing decoupled d-q-proportional integral control based on vector space decomposition methods. The transfer of these current harmonics compensating control strategies to an electric vehicle operating range is demonstrated while considering possible unbalances between the two separate three-phase systems. Furthermore, test bench operation is performed to verify the modeling approach and the control performance.


During the late reign of Emperor Sui Wen Di,witchcraft was very popular in the court mainly in the form of "ghost cat",dolls and poison,which aimed at harming people and fell into the category of black witchcraft.Interpreting relevant historical materials using related theories of anthropology and ancient medicine can not only shed light on the art of witchcraft in the Sui Dynasty but also deepen our understanding of the various political phenomena in the Sui court.


The first known Michigan station for the American Hart's-Tongue (Phyllitis Scolopendrium var. americana) was found near Trout Lake, Chippewa County, in July, 1953, as previously reported.1 The discovery of that small group of plants, only eight in all, immediately raised the question of whether they represented an unrecorded introduction by some fern enthusiast or whether they were the remnants of a formerly larger colony, a view which seemed to be supported by the situation and the associated vegetation. If there had been a larger colony here, were there others somewhere along the Niagara formation in Michigan? That region became the most interesting in Michigan so far as I was concerned, and many hours during the winter season of 1953-54 were devoted to a study of the geological literature dealing with it. Between Trout Lake and Drummond Island, where the Niagara formation enters Michigan, I found that the Niagaran rocks were exposed in a range of rather conspicuous hills on which northern hardwoods were, or had been, the principal forest type. Polystichum Lonchitis and other species known to occur in the Bruce Peninsula of Ontario, where the American Hart 's-Tongue reaches its greatest abundance, were already known to occur in this part of the state. Additional interest was focused on this section by a letter from a local resident who thought that she and her husband had seen Hart'sTongue while deer hunting, although they could not remember the location.


Hu Huaichen,a famous scholar and writer noted for his broad academic vision and over 100 works,has secured much success in his study of Tao Yuanming in the 1920s.His theory on Tao Yuanming,which is quite natural,objective,incisive and intensive,has enlightened and guided later scholars of its kind.However,Hu Huaichen's academic achievement has been neglected at an era marked by the frequent rise of masters,and he himself has also been ignored for about 80 years since his death.As such,it is necessary to address Hu Huaichen's academic achievements in his study of Tao Yuanming in the perspective of both the history of academic research or the histoy of studies on Tao Yuanming.


We discuss the phenomenon of Color Transparency, and give an overview of the extensive experimental searches for signatures of QCD in nuclei at Jefferson Lab, Hall-C. The results from protons, pions and kaons are compared with each other and with results from hadron scattering.


There are several leading challenges for planar phased arrays. First, for performance, it is difficult to achieve wide angle scan over a wide bandwidth. Second, their costs have been prohibitively high. The third challenge is to be thin and lightweight, suitable for mounting on various terrestrial and ex-terrestrial platforms and for ease of transportation. Consequently, Multioctave Planar Phased Arrays (MPPA) having multioctave bandwidth, in particular thin MPPAs, are highly desirable. Applications of MPPAs include radars, Electronic Warfare (EW) systems, communications systems, and next-generation cellphone base stations.


Purpose - This paper aims to identify and articulate concepts and approaches to qualitative generalisation that will offer qualitative accounting researchers avenues for enhancing and justifying the general applicability of their research findings and conclusions. Design/methodology/approach - The study and arguments draw from multidisciplinary approaches to this issue. Its analysis and theorising is based on published qualitative research literatures from the fields of education, health sciences, sociology, information systems, management and marketing, as well as accounting. Findings - The paper develops two overarching generalisation concepts for application by qualitative accounting researchers. These are built upon a number of qualitative generalisation concepts that have emerged in the multidisciplinary literatures. It also articulates strategies for enhancing the generalisability of qualitative accounting research findings. Research limitations/implications - The paper provides qualitative accounting researchers with understandings, arguments and justifications for the generalisability of their research and the related potential for wider accounting and societal contributions. It also articulates the key factors that impact on the quality of research generalisation that qualitative researchers can offer. Originality/value - This paper presents the most comprehensively sourced and developed approach to the concepts, strategies and unique deliverables of qualitative generalising hitherto available in the accounting research literature.


Due to the importance of self-editing, a lot of researches tackled with the nature, the techniques, and the observable role of self-editing in creating good writers. However, very few researches were concerned with CALL and self-editing; no research could be found about using MALL in self-editing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mobile phones on EFL learners' self-editing. The Self-editing application (White Smoke) was used for the purpose of the study. The participants of the study were 18 students in the 2nd level of English Department, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. The participants were randomly selected to participate in the study. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a quasiexperimental study was designed, with pre-and-post test for the research subjects. The results of the study revealed statistically significant differences in self-editing in the two areas of grammar and punctuation but no statistically significant differences were revealed in the two areas of spelling and capitalization.


This issue of THINK is focused on the topic of naturalism, particularly as it relates to theism. The term 'naturalism' is used in various ways. Sometimes it's used to refer to an epistemological/methodological view – roughly, that our methods should be science-based. However, our main focus here is on a metaphysical/ontological view – roughly, that there is only the natural world (there's no supernatural realm, no cosmic divide behind which lie non-natural entities – be they gods, numbers, abstract objects, etc.). Naturalism is supposed to be widely accepted – a dominant 'world-view' rivalling, in particular, traditional theisms which posit a god or gods. Consequently, those who believe in god often attack 'naturalism' (however, one contributor to this issue – Fiona Ellis – explores the idea that god can be accommodated within the natural realm). This issue presents short, engaging and accessible pieces providing a wide variety of views on naturalism, particularly as it relates to theism, written by some of the world's leading thinkers on this topic.


Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formalism used to rigorousl y specify requirements of cyberphysical systems (CPS), i.e., sys tem mixing digital or discrete components in interaction with a continuous envir o ment or analog components. STL is naturally equipped with a quantitative sema ntics which can be used for various purposes: from assessing the robustness of a specification to guiding searches over the input and parameter space with the goal of falsifying the given property over system behaviors. Algorithms have b e n proposed and implemented forofflinecomputation of such quantitative semantics, but only few methods exist for anonlinesetting, where one would want to monitor the satisfaction of a formula during simulation. In this paper, we for malize a semantics for robust online monitoring of partial traces, i.e., traces for which there might not be enough data to decide the Boolean satisfaction (and to compu te its quantitative counterpart). We propose an efficient algorithm to compute i t and demonstrate its usage on two large scale real-world case studies coming f rom the automotive domain and from CPS education in a Massively Open Online Cour se (MOOC) setting. We show that savings in computationally expensive imulations far outweigh any overheads incurred by an online approach.


Review(s) of: Daniel P. Kerr, Derelict Paradise: Homelessness and Urban Development in Cleveland, Ohio, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst and Boston, 2011. pp xii + 295. $26.95 paper.


The article is devoted to the study of the innovative potential of Volgograd region in the context of developing technological and innovative entrepreneurship. The article defines the contribution of Volgograd region to the development of high-technological business in Russia carried out on the basis of the analysis of empirical data, discusses the main problems of innovative growth, and suggests a model for developing and implementing innovation potential in the territory under consideration. The methodological basis of this study is quantitative and qualitative analysis of the statistical data of the Federal Service for State Statistics, the national report "High-Technological Business in Russia", and, moreover, the rating of innovative companies in Russia and the rating of innovative regions for the purposes of monitoring and management developed by the Association of Innovative Regions of Russia in cooperation with the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, with the participation of representatives of regional administrations and leading country experts. The results of this study may be useful to the officials responsible for the development of entrepreneurship and innovation, both at the regional and federal levels.
One of the perspective directions of developing innovative potential in the region may be creating clusters, including the unification of various participants in innovative activities. An important fact is involving all actors of the region taking into account the degree of the development of the scientific and educational sphere and innovative entrepreneurship. In this regard, the most appropriate model of the development of innovative potential for Volgograd region can be the production and scientific model.


The present invention relates to a process for producing a useful inductor sledding roux Rare as antagonists of the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1).


Introduction Defining and Contextualizing Religion The Phenomenon of Religion Religion as "Ultimate Concern" The "Care and Feeding of the Gods" On "Folk Religion" "Folk Religion": Toward a Methodology "Phenomenology of Religion" The "Context" of Folk Religion Religion and the "Good Life" The History of the History: In Search of Ancient Israel's Religions The "History of Religions" School The "Myth and Ritual" School Old Testament Theology Sociological Approaches A Revival of Interest in Israelite Religion An Overall Critique of Previous Scholarship Sources and Methods for the Study of Ancient Israel's Religions The Biblical Texts and Their Limitations Some Caveats Non-biblical Texts Archaeology as a "Primary Source" for History and Religion Depreciating Archaeology: Who and Why Setting the (Archaeological) Record Straight What Archaeology Can and Cannot Do Why Another History? The Hebrew Bible: Religious Reality or Theological Ideal? Part I. Cultic Terminology in the Hebrew Bible B mot, or "High Places" Family and Household Shrines Temples Cult Paraphernalia in the Hebrew Bible Part II. Cultic Activities in the Hebrew Bible The Sacrificial System Some Caveats Regarding Sacrifice Prayers and Vows Festivals Archaeological Evidence for Folk Religions in Ancient Israel Local Shrines and Family Religion An Excursus on "Magic" Public Open-Air Sanctuaries Monumental Temples The Goddess Asherah and Her Cult The Figurines: Who Is She? Votives, Vows, and Folk Religion Characterizing Asherah and Her Cult Asherah, Women's Cults, and "Official Yahwism" Asherah in Canaan Asherah in the Hebrew Bible Asherah, Yahweh, and "Syncretism" Iconographic Evidence of the Goddess Asherah and Women's Cults Archaeological Correlates of Women's Cults Other Ethnographic Parallels From Polytheism to Monotheism "Patriarchal" Religion in Canaan: El and "the God of the Fathers" "Holy Places" in Pre-Israelite Times The Israelite Sacrificial System as "Canaanite" The Calendar The Question of "Syncretism" Changes with the Monarchy: Religion in Crisis Rebellion: "To Your Tents, O Israel" Civil War: The "State Cult" in the North Judah and the "Yahweh Alone" Movement The Fall of Judah and Religious Crisis The Empty Land Out of the Ashes Toward One God Why Monotheism? and Whither? Archaeological Evidence for Reforms The Afterglow Magic Bowls and the Goddess Lilith "Ashera Abscondita" and Jewish Mysticism What Does the Goddess Do to Help? Afterword (and Foreword Again) Some Basic Sources Index of Authors Index of Subjects and Places Index of Scripture References


ABSTRACT:This article focuses on a genre of songs from southern Mali commonly known in Bamanan as ladilikan or "words of advice", songs that comment in a variety of ways on marriage, particularly polygyny or sinaya, the main Bamanan term for polygyny (referring specifically to the relations between co-wives). Originally sung in a domestic setting and performed mostly (though not exclusively) by Mali's female vocalists, ladilikan songs now circulate widely through audio and video recordings and have become a vehicle for publically expressing otherwise hidden discourses and ambivalent feelings about polygynous marriage, without critiquing the institution itself.A crucial feature of ladilikan is its use of a "double voice", a device in which the singer subtly presents both sides of an issue, leaving the overall message ambiguous. The widespread popularity of ladilikan songs such as An Jɛra Cɛla, despite (or because of?) their apparently contradictory and sometimes bombastic lyrics and video clips, is noteworthy. This analysis is based on three decades of research and interaction with some of Mali's most celebrated artists, who give their own explanations of intended meanings, plus in some cases, their personal views on polygyny. It demonstrates that ladilikan themes and strategies are rooted in tradition and have a real basis in fact, and ultimately shows the importance of the genre as a reflection of local thought.


Abstract Background: In 2008, self-poisoning with the herbicide propanil had a case-fatality of around 11% in Sri Lanka. A simple quantitative methaemoglobinemia bedside test was developed so that treatment could be titrated according to the methaemoglobin level. Objective: To determine whether the new method influenced patient management and changed the case fatality of propanil self-poisoning. Method: The bedside test (using an inexpensive validated colour chart) was introduced in three hospitals (Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Galle) in Sri Lanka from 2008. Junior ward staff were given a brief training on how to use the chart for quantitative estimation of methaemoglobin in patients with propanil poisoning and utilize the results in the context of the national treatment guidelines for propanil poisoning. It was taught that the bedside test should be done repeatedly from admission until it showed consistently low values of methaemoglobin. Treatment with the antidote methylene blue was suggested for patients whose methaemoglobin was greater than 20%. Limited clinical data on poisoning have been prospectively collected from these hospitals from 2003. The case-fatality and management before and after the change were compared with data up to December 2014. Results: The case-fatality decreased from (38/401) 9.5% to (8/262) 3.1% [difference: −6.4%, 95% CI: −10 to −3]. Methylene blue use increased from under 10% of patients before to 55% of patients after the intervention. More patients received repeat doses and infusions, and few received ascorbic acid and exchange transfusion. Conclusion: The simple bedside test for methaemoglobinemia was readily adopted into routine practice and led to large changes in management. A substantial reduction in mortality from propanil poisoning occurred after this intervention.


Robotic process automation or RPA is a term which usually creates an excess of either concern or excitement whenever it is brought up in meeting rooms. RPA conjures up visions of offices completely devoid of people, all replaced by ominously whirring machinery. However, the reality could not be further from the truth. At a high level, RPA is a software which can be used to mimic repetitive administrative tasks which traditionally require human intervention, such as the transfer of data from web pages to emails to spreadsheets to online databases. RPA empowers people to automate elements of their processes in order to free up their time to focus on more interesting and rewarding tasks. People should not fear or reject automation, but rather embrace it as a stressremoving tool, facilitating multitasking. Unlike many software solutions before it, RPA primarily interacts with the 'Presentation Layer' of applications. In layman's terms, this means the software robots, or bots, work in the same way a human would. Because of this, they are simple to develop and do not require extensive programming knowledge and have little interference with other IT solutions already in place. Because bots do not require complex coding mechanisms, they do need subject matter experts (SMEs) – people – to transfer their knowledge and process expertise into simple instructions.


This article concerns the locus of all locally constant $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$-valued cocycles that are uniformly hyperbolic, called the hyperbolic locus. Using the theory of semigroups of M\"obius transformations we introduce a new locus in $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})^N$ which allows us to study the complement of the hyperbolic locus. Our results answer a question of Avila, Bochi and Yoccoz, and Jacques and Short, while motivating a new line of investigation on the subject.


The accuracy in measuring the point spread function (PSF) and the errors involved in computing its Fourier transform must be considered in detail, when the modulation transfer function (MTF) is used to evaluate any imaging system. Through the use of various theoretical PSF and simulated transfer functions, as well as actual PSF (rods) measured in a tank of saline water, criteria are analyzed for making accurate PSF measurements and MTF computations for the case of an impedance imaging system. By varying parameters such as rod size and positioning, point of PSF truncation. signal-to-noise ratio and sampling distance, conclusions were drawn as to their actual and theoretical effects upon the computed MTF. Experimental results from the groups in Sheffield, Barcelona and Toulouse are discussed.


The problem of distributed decision fusion is studied in the case when the probability distributions of the individual detectors are not available. The detector system is available so that a training sample can be generated by sensing objects with known parameters or classification. Earlier solutions to this problem required some knowledge of the error distributions of the detectors, for example, either in a parametric form or in a closed analytical form. Here we present three methods that, given a sufficiently large training sample, yield an approximation to the optimal fusion rule with an arbitrary level of confidence. These methods are based on (i) empirical estimation, (ii) approximate decision rule, and (iii) nearest-neighbor rule. We show that a nearest-neighbor rule provides a computationally viable solution, which approximates a neural network-based one while ensuring fast computation. {copyright} {ital 1996 Society of Photo{minus}Optical Instrumentation Engineers.}


As control of swine consumptive disease is the key of success in pig farming business, the effect of Oldenlandidae Herba on prevention of swine diseases as an alternative medicine was investigated in-vivo. As it contains substances such as β-sitisterol, ursolic acid and 3-O-β-D-giucoside, it is effective on suppression of colonic tumor in rats and also, is widely used as an preventative medicine of cancer and inflammation in Chinese medicine. In this experiment, sows and piglets on two different farms were treated with Oldenlandidae Herba, and they recoded weaning rate greater than 80%, which were higher than national average 70% (PSY 68%). Meanwhile, neither organ accumulation nor toxicity has been detected on the basis of hematology and serum chemistry. In conclusion, the extracts of Oldenlandidae Herba is expected to be an good alternative medicines for swine productivity.


Objective Human T lymphotropic virus( HTLV-I / II) is a kind of complex retrovirus and widely distributed throughout world. The corresponding information was reported in local area of China. This paper aims to investigate the infection status of human T lymphotropic virus among volunteer blood donors in Sheyang,and provide appropriate strategies for blood safety in this area. Methods HTLV-Ⅰ / Ⅱantibody was detected in blood donors in Shenyang area by home-made double antigen sandwich ELISA kit in the first test. The positive blood samples in the first test were re-tested by double-hole retrial method. Then the seropositive samples were confirmed by RT-PCR or Western blot. Results A total of 9050 voluntary blood donors were detected from March to May in 2013,5 samples were suspected positive,but confirmed negative with RT-PCR or WB,the false positive rate was 0. 06%. Conclusion The blood donors belong to the low-incidence and non-epidemic area of HTLV-Ⅰ / Ⅱ infection in Shenyang. Based on the analysis of the blood test cost and transfusion safety,leucodepletion treatment may be better to prevent the HTLV-Ⅰ / Ⅱ virus infection in blood transfusion.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tightly regulated in the immune system as aberrant expression of miRNAs often results in hematopoietic malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Previously, elevated levels of miR-27 in T cells isolated from multiple sclerosis patients has been suggested to facilitate disease progression through inhibiting Th2 immunity and promoting pathogenic Th1 responses. Here we show while mice with T cell-specific overexpression of miR-27 harbor dysregulated Th1 responses and develop autoimmune pathology, these disease phenotypes are not driven by miR-27 in effector T cells in a cell autonomous manner but rather resulted from a perturbed regulatory T (Treg) cell compartment. Excessive miR-27 expression in T cells severely impairs thymic Treg cell development and TGFb-mediated conversion of peripheral Treg cells from conventional T (Tconv) cells. Moreover, Treg cells with exaggerated miR-27-mediated gene regulation exhibit diminished homeostatic potential and suppressor function in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-27 represses a subset of genes that play critical roles in controlling multiple aspects of Treg cell biology. Collectively, our data show miR-27 functions as a key regulator in Treg cell development and function and suggest that proper regulation of miR-27 is pivotal to safeguard Treg cell-mediated immunological tolerance.


This paper describes and analyzes the performance of a three-phase voltage control scheme that uses only three thyristors. This scheme produces balanced three-phase currents and voltages, the harmonic content of which are discussed along with its suitability for use as a simple control scheme for heating lighting and motor loads.


Extensive work in the social choice literature has centred around conditions under which majority voting makes consistent (transitive, quasi-transitive, or acyclic) decisions. This paper attempts a general characterization of societies with consistent majority decision, something previously not achieved in the literature. The first step involves the construction of new societies which are equivalent in majority voting to a given society but which are more amenable to analysis. Specifically, the new societies are the transitive strict preference (TSP) equivalent, one in which the preferences of every individual are transitive with no indifference, and the equivalent irreducible society, one that includes no group of individuals which under majority voting is indifferent among all the alternatives. Consistent majority decision is then shown to result for a society if the irreducible society equivalent to it either directly or through its TSP equivalent satisfies one of the classes of restrictionexclusion and dominance-found in the literature. In addition, results are presented that lead to a reinterpretation of the exclusion conditions as a type of dominance. The remainder of this introductory section surveys the conditions for consistency found in the literature and states the general goals to be accomplished by the characterization of this paper. Section 1 presents the framework of the analysis and gives an informal statement and interpretation of the results. Section 2 provides formal statements and proofs.' Specifically, two types of restrictions that ensure consistency have been discovered. One type, first studied by Black [2] and Arrow [1] with further work by Fishburn [4], Inada [5], [6], Pattanaik [10], [11], Sen, [13], [14], [15], [16], Sen and Pattanaik [17] and Ward [21] among others, is the " exclusion " conditions. Each exclusion condition gives a set of preferences none of which may be held by any individual in a society. These conditions are not necessary, and many consistent societies which violate them can be found. The known set of conditions of this type, however, has been shown to be complete with no others remaining to be discovered. Other restrictions that extend in some way the exclusion conditions but which still ensure consistency have not been presented in the literature. The difficulty comes in part from the fact that even slight violations of the exclusion conditions can lead to voting cycles. The other type of condition, given by Nicholson [9], is more than a pure exclusion restriction. This condition does rule out individuals holding certain preference patterns but it then places, in addition, other restrictions upon the distribution of individuals having the non-excluded preferences. These further restrictions are both necessary and sufficient for transitivity of majority decision given the initial exclusion. More generally, in seeking domain restrictions to achieve consistent majority decision, two central questions are considered. The first asks if any interesting restrictions exist. To economists, this means: are any restrictions likely to be satisfied in situations in which majority voting is used to handle either allocation decisions in the public sector or such distributional questions as the structure of the tax system? The answer has been predominantly negative. Most of the work cited earlier has been in the context of unstructured sets of alternatives and, hence, the usual economic assumptions of convexity for the feasible set


AGRONOMIC challenges required for the decades ahead will focus on (1) research and technology transfer based on multidisciplinary approaches; (2) a transition from production-oriented models to consumer-driven systems; and (3) developments that promote sustainability and concerns for environmental issues. A multidisciplinary approach ensures that scientists, growers and factory engineers are aware of the contributions of other disciplines, rather than isolated, individual efforts. This requires not a narrowly focused 'specialist', but rather someone with a 'special' interest in various disciplines, whose wide vision could make integrated contributions to developing a true Renaissance in sugar industries. The transition to a consumer-driven model requires the identification of new priorities. Technologies for sugar production will remain a priority, but greater emphasis must be directed towards technologies for using sugarcane for energy production and for value-added products. In the case of energy production, the use of sugarcane has been possible because of the availability of proven technologies, interest from investors, government regulation and consumer demand. For value-added products, the challenge for scientists lies not just in concrete research outputs, as has been the case for sugar production. Their skills for knowledge management and the vision to transfer their achievements, open new markets and generate interest in funding new research must be strengthened. Sustainability and environmental protection will continue playing a role in future research, both in the field and in factory processes. Climate change is on the agenda of challenges that agronomists and their allied specialists must address in the design and management of future production systems. The prospective use of sugarcane as a source of bioenergy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere offers an opportunity for scientists, investors and consumers to work together on sustainability and environmental protection. Research achievements and projections in the sugar industry worldwide, reported in the literature as well as by the Colombian sugar industry, are used to illustrate these strategies.


Provided is a food product for individuals with difficulty in chewing, which is refrigeration and freezing tolerant and which can be cooked, and with which water separation is limited. Specifically, a food product for individuals with difficulty in chewing is manufactured by: mixing curdlan and a modified starch such as starch acetate, hydroxypropyl phosphoric acid crosslinked starch, phosphoric acid crosslinked starch, phosphoric acid monoesterized phosphoric acid crosslinked starch, acetylated phosphoric acid crosslinked starch, acetylated adipic acid crosslinked starch, or acetylated oxidized crosslinked starch with a food product starting material for individuals with difficulty in chewing, the food product starting material including a food paste processed into a soft and palatable state by micronizing vegetables, fruits, seafood, meat, eggs, dairy products, or processed products thereof, either raw or after heating, by crushing, grinding, pureeing or the like, so that there are no large chunks; and heating the resultant mixture to 80°C or more.


The article analyzes the impact of the supra-sociological and geo-strategic dimensions of historical relations between various components of the world system upon identity. We consider personal identities as well as shared ones, attempting to highlight the defensive, compensatory and subversive functions underlying processes of subjective identity construction as a response to the traumatic structure of the world system which results from history. Our hypotheses are based on fieldwork carried out immediately following the events of 7th July 2005 among British and Portuguese Muslims of Gujarat origin settled in Leicester, United Kingdom.


Under European and American influence for nearly two decades, our booth design has a marked feature of westernization, our design framework and design style intolerably uniform. In view of this, in recent years, many designers have tried to bring traditional visual language into booth design, striving to present the cultural import and artistic characteristics of Chinese display design with unique Chinese visual symbols. But, on the whole, most of these attempts are, so to speak, mere imitations, that is to say, transplanting traditional art forms in an exhibition without endowing them with contemporary and aesthetic characteristics. Therefore, this paper endeavors to expound, from the perspective of expression, a new way to blend the traditional Chinese architectural art into booth design, abandoning the inflexible visual forms caused by a preoccupation with representation and disassembling and reconstituting the traditional architecture, so that a display design that will creatively incorporate the designer's individual characteristics, the spirit of the age and a rich cultural heritage can be realized.


As a result of commercial and industrial activit ies conducted in the absence of environmental regulations and enforcement in the past, sediments contaminated by organic compounds, heavy metals, and other potentially to xic chemicals have accu mulated in many of the world's deepwater and wet land environ ments. These sediment-borne contaminants can eventually become incorporated into aquatic food webs and adversely affect ecological receptors like benthic organisms and fish, and u ltimately pose a risk to hu man health. This laboratory research tested a commercial product AquaBlok TM (patented, composite-aggregate technology comprised of a solid core, an outer layer of clay material, and polymers) as an in-situ capping technology that could be used to remediate and/or manage contaminated sediments in the New Jersey Hackensack Meadowlands, a superfund site. In a greenhouse setting, tubs containing representative Meadowland marsh soil and water were capped with AquaBlok. This research not only examined the potential use of this product as an in-situ capping material and possible substrate for flora co lonization, but also examined the imp rovements of the same patented, clay mineral-based composite aggregate technology (SubmerSeed TM ) as an alternative to tradit ional means of wetland p lant propagation. At the end of a two-year period, both the sediment/cap and vegetation plant tissues were examined for metallic contaminants (including Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn). Overall, capping provided a less contaminated substrate. Results indicated that AquaBlok cap alone did not allow contaminants in the sediment belo w to breakthrough. Nevertheless, vegetation colonization was restricted to a limited number of plant species. Furthermore, plants growing in AquaBlok were less robust with lower dry weight and s maller root system than plants growing in uncapped sediments despite the fact that their tissue contained smaller amounts of metallic contaminants. The improvements of the clay mineral-based composite aggregate technology (Sub merSeeds) as an alternative to trad itional means of plant propagation worked very well in successfully delivering aquatic plant seeds into permanently inundated conditions.


Objective To explore the spectro-mode features of unaspirated consonants of Chinese Putonghua produced by healthy, normal children and children with cleft palate.Methods The voices of 22 healthy, normal children and that of 19 cleft palate children before operation were compared by VS-9700 spectrography; the features in unaspirated affricative ([ts],[ts],[tc])and fricative ([f], [s], [s], [c], [x]) of Chinese Putonghua were observed, respectively. The values of the frequency of the normal children and the children with cleft palate were analyzed. Results No obvious plosive features were observed in patients with cleft palate in speaking but only fricative feature was found. The differences reflected in the fricative ([f], [s], [s], [c], [x]) spectrum of the normal and preoperation cleft palate children were not distinctive , and showed that position of the heavy frequency was lowered. Conclusion The spectro-mode features in affricative of speech disorders associated with clefting have no obvious plosive features in speaking and only fricative features. The spectro-mode features in fricative between the normal children and the children with cleft palate are not distinctive.


We study the problem of interdicting the arcs in a network in order to maximize the shortest s–t path length. "Interdiction" is an attack on an arc that destroys the arc or increases its effective length; there is a limited interdiction budget. We formulate this bilevel, max–min problem as a mixed‐integer program (MIP), which can be solved directly, but we develop more efficient decomposition algorithms. One algorithm enhances Benders decomposition by adding generalized integer cutting planes, called "supervalid inequalities" (SVIs), to the master problem. A second algorithm exploits a unique set‐covering master problem. Computational results demonstrate orders‐of‐magnitude improvements of the decomposition algorithms over direct solution of the MIP and show that SVIs also help solve the original MIP faster. Published 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A hydrolase activity that cleaves lysyl-p-nitroanilide (Lys-pNA) has been purified from the cytoplasm of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris AM2 by chromatography on DE52, DEAE Affi-Gel Blue Gel, Hydroxyapatite Bio-Gel HTP and Phenyl Sepharose. The purified aminopeptidase was found to have a native Mr of 50 000–55 000 by gel filtration chromatography and by FPLC gel filtration on Superose 12 and to be composed of a single polypeptide chain following SDS-PAGE. Enzyme activity was almost completely inhibited by EDTA, amastatin, puromycin and bestatin, while the sulphydryl-reactive agents p-chloromercuribenzoate and iodoacetamide were inhibitory. The enzyme was found to be very unstable during the purification procedures at 4°C and its stability was greatly improved when 10 ml glycerol/l and 2 mm-dithiothreitol were included in the purification buffers. The purified enzyme was found to hydrolyse a wide range of dipeptides, tripeptides and longer peptides provided that proline was not present in the penultimate position from the N-terminus or that a pyroglutamyl residue was not present at the N-terminus. While neither Asp-pNA nor Pro-pNA was hydrolysed by the purified enzyme, the release of N-terminal acidic residues from peptides was observed in addition to the release of N-terminal proline from Pro–Leu–Gly–NH2, Pro–Leu–Gly–Gly and Pro–His–Pro–Phe–His–Leu–Phe–Val–Tyr. This ability of Lys-pNA hydrolase to release N-terminal proline residues was employed in concert with a purified aminopeptidase P preparation to release alternate N-terminal amino acids from Tyr–Pro–Phe–Pro–Gly. The complementary action of these enzymes represents an alternative mechanism to that of post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase for metabolism of proline-containing peptides.


Inversion techniques are presently the most powerful tools to deduce magnetic, dynamic, and thermal properties of the solar plasma from polarization line profiles. The reliability and robustness of Stokes inversions have been confirmed many times by means of numerical tests. Part of the solar physics community, however, is still worried about the uniqueness of the obtained solutions. In this presentation I clarify the scope and the limitations of different Stokes inversion techniques and discuss the challenges for inversion techniques for the near future.


A diode-pumped microchip laser is developed and achieves self Q-switched operation, which produces nanosecond pulses at a wavelength of 946 nm. The laser medium is a crystal of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) doped with both neodymium and chromium. The two surfaces of the NdCr:YAG crystal are coated with dielectric layers, which serve as the mirrors of the laser cavity. The Nd3+ ions in the NdCr:YAG crystal function as the gain medium while the Cr4+ ions act as a saturable absorber. The presence of the saturable absorber leads to self Q-switching, which produces laser pulses of 3.7-ns duration and 946-nm wavelength at a peak power of 240 W. When the laser output is focused onto a KNbO3 crystal, nanosecond pulses of blue color at 473 nm are obtained. The blue laser output has a single frequency and TEM00 transverse mode at a peak power of approximately 18 W.


We would like to bring to your attention our recent experience with a Hewlett-Packard patient monitor, model number HP 78354C with the HP MI1908 reusable pulse oximetry finger probe. This system was purchased for use in our hospital's dental institute where children aged 2-12 years undergo general anaesthesia for dental extraction. We have had two separate critical incidents involving this equipment. Two Caucasian children aged 3 and 4 years, respectively, breathed halothane via a nose mask during dental extraction in the supine position. Each child's finger was placed through the distal opening of the oximeter probe as shown in Fig. 1. This is a reversal of the normal adult position shown in Fig. 2, but we had understood this to be standard practice with children. Each child had an episode of deep central and peripheral cyanosis, due to airway obstruction. During each of these episodes, the oximetry displayed haemoglobin oxygen saturations of 98% and 100% respectively. The plethysmograph trace, which was in the signal quality indication (SQI) mode, showed a good signal and waveform, and no error messages were present on the screen. Each incident was dealt with promptly, and there were no clinical sequelae. The equipment in question was removed from service for inspection by our own Medical Equipment Department and by the manufacturer, and Fig. 2


The 'flow' of time from the future to the past through a dimensionless present is a dramatic feature of our experience. In this paper I argue that the flow of time has found its way into the practice of stratigraphy where it has been detrimental to our clear conception of geologic time.


The Haiti earthquake of January 2010 exposed vulnerabilities in Port-au-Prince that made the disaster especially catastrophic. Urbanization in Haiti followed patterns similar to that elsewhere, but unique economic patterns and lack of construction regulations placed the inhabitants of Port-au-Prince in special danger. Migration to the capital intensified under the Duvalier regimes and weaknesses in institutional capacity created unsafe conditions. Agricultural policies and continued high birth rates exacerbated density, adding to high casualties and displacement. This article examines the nature of Haitian vulnerability and surveys literature describing historical influences, beginning in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, that contributed significantly to creating the tragic situation resulting from the earthquake.


Aim: To identify, collate and assess the findings of the available literature regarding discharge planning involving occupational therapy home assessments and the identified outcome measures. A systematic critical review of 31 studies of home assessment was completed.

Methods: A comprehensive computer-aided search was conducted of 10 databases. Any searches identifying literature on home assessment and occupational therapy were retained. The McMaster critical appraisal tools were used to determine methodological quality, the McMaster (qualitative and quantitative). Summaries were made of the key features of each study to enable comparison.

Results: Two systematic reviews, eight randomised controlled trials, 16 descriptive and five anecdotal studies were found. Twelve papers relating directly to occupational therapy were identified. A wide variety of outcome measures were identified, covering seven major categories of: personnel present, cost, frequency and when a home assessment was completed, readmission to hospital, stakeholder perspective and use of standardised assessments. There was minimal consistency in measuring outcomes. The McMaster critical review format was used to evaluate each paper and denote a score out of 15 for quantitative and 27 for qualitative papers. These forms are written in basic terms that can be understood by researchers as well as clinicians and students.

Conclusion: Low numbers of high level (levels 1, 2) or high quality publications directly relevant to the effectiveness of occupational therapy home assessment and discharge planning were identified. It is apparent from the paucity of quality and quantity of studies identified in this current review that considerably more high-quality research is required prior to definitive recommendations being made regarding the use of occupational therapy home assessments in discharge planning.


Frost resistance was studied in SC4 seedlings generated by self pollination from 31 (SC4) plants of 'GK Csongor' winter wheat variety derived from resistance than 'GK Csongor'. With respect to percentage survival, one family possessed significantly higher frost resistance as compared to the control at a temperature of -13°C In the case of regrowth analysis, 22 of the 31 families showed less growing capacity and 5 proved to be significantly better than 'GK Csongor'. According to both testing methods, one family showed significantly higher frost resistance than the control.


There are many claims made by those in opposition to the coal seam gas that the science behind this industry is not yet known, despite the fact that comprehensive Environmental Impact Statements have been prepared and approved by both the State and Federal governments, for three of the four major Queensland CSG-LNG projects. Those in opposition to the coal seam gas industry, whether individuals or organised groups (the anti-CSG lobby) use selfgenerated online, newsprint and TV media to promote highly emotive messages to gain the broader community support for their desire to stop the development of the CSG industry. Many of the claims made by the anti-CSG lobby are based on anecdotal evidence, untested hypothesis and incomplete scientific analysis and are more specifically designed to evoke fear of the industry. Seldom to the anti-CSG have groups provided a true and balanced view of the likelihood of the risk as to allow critical thinking or true debate on their claims. This paper describes the impact of the "conformational bias", whereby anti-CSG groups have created their own interpretation of the science associated with CSG extraction. This interpretation of the science has been built into to the communities understanding of the industry. The major issue with confirmatory bias is the more evidence that the government and industry provides the community on the safety of the industry, the more the defiant the anti-CSG groups becomes. This is referred to in the document as the "backfire effect". Finally the paper looks at the methods used by the anti-CSG lobby to convey the risk associated with the industry and makes the recommendation that to counteract the deliberately exaggerated consequences of the risks presented, that the industry needs to respond with the balanced argument based on the risks likelihood, demonstrating through simple scientific language, that in most cases the community should have a no rational reason to fear this growth and economically rewarding industry.


Field experiments were conducted at Shalimar Campus of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir during 2015 and 2016 to study the growth and yield of maize at different planting dates and Nitrogen levels with further simulating Maize growth and yield at different agro-ecological zones (altitudes) of Kashmir valley at fixed dates with varied nitrogen levels and at fixed nitrogen level with varied dates of sowing. Experiment was laid in split plot design with three dates of sowing i.e. 22 nd May, 30 th May and 8 th June assigned to main plot and four levels of nitrogen i.e. 80 kg N ha -1 (N1), 120 kg N ha -1 (N2), 160 kg N ha -1 (N3) and 200 kg N ha -1 assigned to sub plot. Genetic coefficients of maize crop variety (Shalimar Maize composite-4) were generated Original Research Article Fayaz et al.; CJAST, 39(25): 1-7, 2020; Article no.CJAST.60045 2 for calibrated and validation of CERES Maize model using DSSAT 4.5. Simulation was carried out for different dates of sowing viz, 1 st May, 10 th May, 22 nd May, 30 th May, 8 th June, 20 th June and 30 th June at same fertility levels of 160 kg N ha -1 , 60 kg P2O5 ha -1 and 30 kg K2O ha -1 for all the locations. Simulated studies carried at different locations indicated that sowing of Maize on 30 May (D2) with 200 kg N ha -1 (N4) predicted highest grain yield in location Kokernag which was followed by location Srinagar on same date 30 May (D2) with 160 kg N ha -1(N3) and lowest yield was recorded in district Kupwara. Maximum Biological yield was also recorded at 30 th May with 160 kg N ha -1 (N3). Among the district Kokernag recorded maximum biological yield with delayed maturity (160 days) simulation studies were carried out with 7 dates of sowing at fixed level of Nitrogen in all the districts. Simulated studies of maize showed that sowing on 30 th May with 160 kg N ha -1 (N3) recorded maximum LAI, Biological yield and grain yield. However, highest grain yield was recorded with location Kokernag and lowest was recorded with location Kupwara.


Illustrating cutting the gyratory-workpieces,considering the effect of cutting distortions and radial force,analyzing and calculating the static and dynamic contact stiffness between cutting-tools and workpieces have been demonstrated,then a formula on calculating coefficient of stiffness has been put forward and its dynamic property is analyzed.The conclusion acts in accord with the result of experimentation,so a new means on how to get a pretty cutting quantum have come forth.


A silver-platinum alloy formulated to provide improved tarnish resistance and hardness as compared to Sterling silver. The alloy can be incorporated in various jewelry, flatware, and like articles. The alloy generally includes silver and platinum, with silver being the predominant component. In certain applications, the alloy includes about 90–95.5% silver and about 0.5–6% platinum. A small amount of gallium can also be added to the composition to provide ease of manufacture of the alloy. The resulting alloy has the favorable properties afforded by sterling silver, but also has brighter surface finish, greater tarnish resistance and increased hardness as compared to traditional Sterling silver.


: Latina female ( n = 97) and Latino male ( n = 69) college students ( M age =21.4 years) completed self-report surveys regarding family of origin ex periences, including sexual communication with parents while growing up. Latino parents of this comparatively highly educated sample tended to use direct rather than indirect strategies for com municating about sexuality with their children. Young women reported higher levels of sexual communication with mothers while growing up than did young men, and respondents reported less communication with fathers than mothers. Among young women, sexual communication with mother was positively associated with non-Mexican origin and negatively associated with having older broth ers living at home. In contrast, maternal education was positively associated with mother-son communication about sex. Paternal education and the absence of older brothers positively predicted com munication with both sons and daughters. The analyses provide novel information regarding sex ual communication in Latino families and suggest directions for future research.


For the ancient absolute monarchy of the unified dynasty system,the power of the monarch does not mean without limitations and constraints,many systems are designed to play tangible or intangible constraints force in the support of Confucian Culture System.The advisor system is one of them.The advisor system experienced the process of evolution,just like the process of budding,development,mature and the decline.The design and implementation of this system play an important role in restricting the authoritarian imperial power.The existence and development of this system are primarily depending on the ideological basis of the limited rights in traditional Confucianism culture.Although the advisor system fails to form a rigid enforcement role of imperial power,its limited constraints on the dictatorial autocracy of the imperial power can not be denied and ignored,especially the Confucianism cultural factors behind it.


Effects of 0.1 M ammonium sulfate, 0.1 M potassium phosphate, and 7 g/ha of the isopropylamine salt of imazapyr {(+)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid} were evaluated on the phytotoxicity of the ammonium salt of imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} and the ammonium salt of imazethapyr {(+)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid} applied postemergence to pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L. #3 IPOLA). While each of these salts and imazapyr applied alone had no effect, combining them with imazaquin or imazethapyr significantly increased control of pitted morningglory.


Wireless communications depends on multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques for high data rates. Feedback of channel information can be used in pre-coding to use the strongest channel mode and improve MIMO performance. This paper proposes genetic algorithm to optimize codebook for Alamouti and OSTBC pre-coding technique to enhance the Performance of MIMO system. The Simulation and Result shows that proposed optimized codebook provides improved bit error rate than the conventional rotating codebooks.


This paper aims to investigate nonparametric estimation of the volatility component in a heteroscedastic scalar-on-function regression model when the underlying discrete-time process is ergodic and affected by a missing at random mechanism. First, we introduce a simplified estimator of the regression and volatility operators based on observed data only. We study their asymptotic properties, such as almost sure uniform consistency rate and asymptotic distribution. Then, the simplified estimators are used to impute the missing data in the original process in order to improve the estimation of the regression and volatility components. The asymptotic properties of the imputed estimators are also investigated. A numerical comparison between the estimators is discussed through simulated data. Finally, a real-data analysis is conducted to model the volatility of daily Brent crude oil returns using intraday, 1-minute frequency, natural gas returns.


It is shown that, using a finite sample, it is impossible to discriminate with a given probability of error between a random variable having an infinite variance and a standard Gaussian random variable. An example is given that illustrates the inconsistency of data processing algorithms in the case when the Gaussian model is erroneously chosen.


Introduction
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is (NPC) mostly found in men of productive age with a ratio of men and women 2,18: 1 and 60% of patients age between 25 and 60 years. NPCs are very rarely found in adolescents, namely age 11 to 21 years.
Objective
To determine the characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in adolescent patients at ORL-HNS Department of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.
Method
This is a descriptive retrospective study. The sample is all patients diagnosed with NPC in adolescence at ORL-HNS Department of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang in January 2013 to December 2017 period.
Results
 In this study, the number of adolescent NPC patients from January 2013 to December 2017 was 12 patients. The majority of adolescent NPC patients were male (66,6%). The most common histopathological finding was WHO 2B (50%). Based on the T category, largely, the patients were T4 (41,6%). Most patients with Nodules were N3 (58,3%) and came to the ENT clinic were already in stage IV (41,6%).
Conclusion
Adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma is more common in men than women (2: 1), and shows a response to proper therapy.


This paper selected 119 listed companies from 2008 to 2018 in mainland China as samples, aiming to further explore the different impacts of environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) on corporate performance in the long and short term, and explore the mediating role of corporate green marketing performance. The results show that CSR has a significant impact on the return on assets and enterprise value in the short term. In the long-term, the adoption of green marketing innovation has a positive impact on enterprise performance. In general, the results of this paper are of great significance for managers and external investors to implement decisions. In addition, the research results can help enterprises improve their environmental responsibility and green innovation in order to improve their competitiveness.


This paper attempts to introduce readers with the concept and methodology of bootstrap in Statist ics, which is placed under a larger umbrella of resampling. Major port ion of the discussions should be accessible to any one who has had a couple of college level applied stat istics courses. Towards the end, we attempt to provide glimpses of the vast l i terature published on the topic, which should be helpful to someone aspir ing to go into the depth of the methodology. A section is dedicated to i l lustrate real data examples. We think the selected set of references cover the greater part of the developments on this subject matter.


In the paper, the supercontinuum generation in the normal dispersion shifted fiber is investigated using the single-pass and double-pass configurations. The spectral bandwidth of supercontinuum is enhanced from the 90nm with single pass configuration to127nm using the double pass configuration. The enhanced broadening mechanism is mainly due to the collision interaction between counter- traveling pulses, as well as the doubled length of fiber.


Frequent ventricular ectopy on preimplantation Holter has been associated with attenuated benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, it is unclear whether ectopic burden measured post‐CRT implantation can be utilized to evaluate long‐term prognosis. We aimed to describe the association between post‐CRT implantation ectopic burden and subsequent risk of clinical outcomes.


The influence of microwave oven interference on IEEE802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) performance is a significant factor because they share common spectrum in the 2.400 2.4835 GHz Industry, Science, and Medicine (ISM) band. FCC regulations permit radiated power of up to 1 watt in this band provided spread spectrum techniques are employed. Spread spectrum methods facilitate multiple users sharing the same spectrum in an unlicensed environment and offer interference rejection properties. There are two spread spectrum techniques addressed by FCC regulations (15.247). These are Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum (FHSS). Because of the significant differences in the two methods, the effects of microwave oven (MWO) interference are quite different on systems employing these techniques. This paper describes MWO interference and presents a model, which is useful in predicting WLAN reliability. The mechanisms by which the interference disrupts system performance for DSSS and FHSS are described separately. Finally, quantitative results showing packet error rate (PER) under varying levels of interference and packet length are presented and discussed. May 1998 doc: IEEE P802.11−98/240 Submission Page 2 Intersil Corporation Summary This paper describes the results of an analysis of the effects of varying packet length and interference level on the reliability of WLANs in the presence of microwave oven (MWO) interference. There are four different aspects of this analysis. Section I deals with modeling interference from microwave ovens. The results of an NTIA report on interference from MWO in the 2.4 GHz ISM band are summarized along with some relevant journal articles. A model of MWO interference presented by Motorola before the IEEE 802.11 WLAN Working Group is discussed. A MWO can be effectively modeled as a swept narrowband jammer with a 50% duty cycle. The resulting interference is synchronized to the 60 Hz AC power line voltage due to the fact that the magnetron power supplies are only half wave rectified. Section II includes a basic review of the performance of FHSS systems in the presence of narrow band jammers. FHSS systems combat MWO interference by avoiding it. Performance curves are presented which show Packet Error Rate (PER) as a function of both packet length and interference level. Based on the model presented, it is shown that the best line of defense for an FHSS system is a short packet length. This will permit the successful transmission of smaller packets between bursts of interference. Section III extends this discussion to DSSS systems. DSSS systems have wide occupied bandwidths. This increases the probability that MWO interference will fall "in band". However, the effect of processing gain and the underlying modulation method must be considered. The DBPSK/DQPSK modulation method employed in DSSS radios is considerably more robust than the 2FSK/4FSK method employed by IEEE 802.11 FHSS systems. In addition, the despreading process spreads the bulk jammer power out of band, giving an additional 10 dB improvement in radio performance over non-spread methods. The remaining in-band noise is incoherent white noise. DSSS systems deal with MWO interference by suppressing it, not by avoiding it. Section IV summarizes the data and provides an interpretation. The results demonstrate that FHSS receivers can transmit short packets (100 200 bytes) even in even a very noisy environment. However, when using longer packets (1000 bytes), FHSS systems require a signal strength of 16 to 17 dB above peak interference levels to achieve reliable operation in the presence of MWO interference when operating at 1 Mbps. This effect is even more pronounced when operating at 2 Mbps. By contrast, packet error rates can be high even for short packets when interference levels exceed signal strength in DSSS systems. Once signal power is roughly equal to jammer power, the DSSS systems can provide reliable operation, regardless of packet length. A DSSS system can reliably receive 1000 byte packets with a signal-to-jammer power ratio of roughly 0 dB, based on the analysis presented. Experience has shown that DSSS systems can operate reliably even in very close proximity to a microwave oven. Analysis such as this provide a good framework for discussion of the MWO interference question, but the most convincing method is a side-by-side test of FHSS and DSSS systems in the presence of an operating microwave oven. May 1998 doc: IEEE P802.11−98/240 Submission Page 3 Intersil Corporation Section I: Model of Microwave Oven Interference The results of extensive measurements of interference form fourteen different microwave ovens were summarized in a two volume NTIA report [1,2]. The report demonstrates that the interference has roughly a 50% duty cycle with a 16.7 msec period. This is due to the fact that the magnetrons in the ovens are driven by 60 Hz AC power and are active during only half of the sinusoidal line voltage cycle. Frequency domain measurement of one of the tested MWO is shown in Figure I-1. The measurements were taken using a spectrum analyzer in the "max hold" mode. Peak levels and interference bandwidth vary considerably among ovens from different manufacturers. Figure I-1 "Max-Hold" Amplitude vs. Frequency Plot of MWO Interference from NTIA report The results of the NTIA tests are informative, but the "max hold" frequency domain measurements give an overly pessimistic view of the MWO interference problem. Subsequent measurements [3] using spectrographic techniques show that the instantaneous interference is actually very narrow band. Further, the frequency is swept over a significant portion of the ISM band as the power line voltage across the magnetron varies on each positive half cycle of the 60 Hz sinusoid. A representation of a spectrographic plot is shown in Figure I-2. Of critical importance are the swept frequency range (fswept) and channel dwell time (tdwell). It has been pointed out that any time an FHSS radio dwells on a channel within the range of swept frequencies for more than 16.7 msec, it will be hit at least twice by interference [4]. As previously mentioned, fsweep varies considerably among ovens from different manufacturers. May 1998 doc: IEEE P802.11−98/240 Submission Page 4 Intersil Corporation Occupied Channel


From the Publisher:
Simplify SNMP Network Management. When you need reliable answers for tough SNMP-related problems,SNMP: A Guide to Network Management,by Dr. Sidnie Feit,is your instant troubleshooter. AppleTalk LAN users can't sign on to your DC Ethernet? MVS applications "choke" on data sent from a Token-ring network? Designing a hot new enterprise network that uses SNMP,but having problems establishing a seamless and reliable line? This no-nonsense tool helps you solve all of these common problems and dozens more. It walks you through the specific data SNMP retrieves from major interfaces to help you handle everything from TCP/IP,Ethernet and Token-Ring LANs to FDDI,serial point-to-point and much more.


Four research methods for potential of emission reduction of cleaner production,benefit analysis,scenario analysis,best available technology and life cycle assessment,were analyzed.The advantages and disadvantages of those four methods were also introduced.It showed that System Dynamics was the best research method for potential of cleaner production from basin or region cleaner production which was the key research fields.System Dynamics was availed for the dynamic analysis of basin or region cleaner production,and scientific basis for driving factors of cleaner production was provided by simulation model of System Dynamics.


The post-rift sedimentary strata of the Brazilian coastal basins are made of two main sequences: the evaporite and carbonatic Albian-Aptian sequence, and the open-marine Late Albian to Recent sequence, both related to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. More than 40 billion barrels of oil-equivalent in place has been found in these sequences, mostly in siliciclastic reservoirs above and below the Aptian salt beds. The productive basins are Campos, Espirito Santo, Sergipe-Alagoas, Potiguar, Ceara, and Santos, but the first one is responsible for more than 60% of the original oil in place discovered in these basins. The hydrocarbon origin, migration, and accumulation models in these sequences are discussed and exemplified by some giant oil fields of Campos and Sergipe-Alagoas basins, where oil is trapped in Aptian conglomerates, Albian carbonates, and Upper Cretaceous to Tertiary turbidite sandstones. The cumulative production in these sequences reaches 958.6 million barrels and the proved exploitable reserve amounts reach 2.7 billion barrels of oil-equivalent. Petrobras' exploratory forecast indicates that the post-rift sequences are the most prolific ones in the Brazilian marginal basins. The oil-equivalent that is expected to be discovered, particularly in deep water areas, where giant oil fields (as the Marlim field) have beenmore » found, exceeds the amount that has been discovered until now.« less


This paper introduces μMPS3, a new system emulator based on the MIPS (R3000) architecture. We characterize μMPS3 as a cross between a real MIPS system and the typical RISC machine architecture presented to students in operating systems textbooks; a realistic, but not excessively complex architecture. Furthermore, we present Pandos, a specification for a one semester, multi-phase project for the development of a complete operating system for deployment on μMPS3. Alternative operating systems projects (e.g. Nachos[8]) provide students with a significant starting code base. Students then modify existing modules or add new ones. Our new courseware system is predicated on the observation that learning outcomes for artifact-based courses are best achieved by having students create an instance themselves. With μMPS3/Pandos students undergo the pedagogically valuable experience of starting only with a system emulator and ending with a completely student written operating system capable of running student written C programs. μMPS3 is a significant update of μMPS, originally released over fifteen years ago. (μMPS2 upgraded μMPS with multiprocessor support.) In addition to updating μMPS3 to easily install on student laptops, μMPS3/Pandos endeavors to address the key conceptual stumbling blocks students faced when writing a complete operating system for these earlier systems. The successful conclusion of the "core," one semester Pandos project results in a working operating system supporting a variety of different peripheral device classes, process creation/termination, concurrency primitives, and up to eight concurrently executing user processes, each running in their own logical address space.


Supplemental Figure Captions 2 Figure S1. Neighbor joining phylogram of all 125 LSU rDNA clone sequences (red lines) and 3 previously described fungal taxa (black lines). Bootstrap support values for 1000 replicates are 4 indicated above the branches. Major fungal phylogenetic lineages are abbreviated AP= 5 Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina AS= Ascomycota, Saccharomycotina AT= Ascomycota, 6 Taphrinomycotina B= Basidiomycota Z=Zygomycota. Roman numerals indicate three novel 7 lineages known only from these soils. Scale bar equals branch length of 1% sequence change in 8 substitutions per site. Blastocladiella emersonii (Chytridiomycota) and Thaumanura ruffoi 9 (Metazoa, Insecta) were used as outgroup taxa. 10 11 Figure S2. Consensus phylogram of 1300 Bayesian trees showing the placement of the novel 12 soil LSU rDNA clones (Groups I-III) in relationship to representatives from the all recognized 13 subphyla and classes of the Ascomycota, including the 11 newly recognized classes of the 14 Pezizomycotina (16). Novel clones are shown in upper case characters (WIN = winter, i.e. 15 undersnow; SPR = spring, i.e. snowmelt; SUM = summer, i.e. no snow cover). Numbers at the 16 nodes represent posterior probabilities. Scale bar equals branch length of 5% sequence change in 17 substitutions per site. The basidiomycetes Hydnum repandum, Cortinarius distans, Lyophyllum 18 decastes and Rhodotorula phylloplana were used as outgroup taxa. 19 20 Materials and Methods 21 Soil microbial biomass, DNA extraction and purification procedures 22


The adolescent with a chronic condition : epidemiology, developmental issues and health care provision / P-A. 1. Chronic disease – epidemiology. 2. Chronic disease – therapy. 3. Chronic disease – prevention and control. 4. Adolescent health services. 5. Delivery of health care. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Acronyms and abbreviations used in this report CNS central nervous system FEV1 forced expiratory volume


The principle and the function elements of the remote ultraviolet fire detection system were studied.The focusing lens was designed to realize the long distance fire detection function.The experiment manifested that it can improve the detecting range from 100 m to 1000 m.The system has features such as wide range,short response time and high sensitivity.Compared with other feasible wide space video fire detection method,it is more flexible and economical.


Genetic relationship of five Artemisia species from Trans-Himalayas of Ladakh was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. Twenty RAPD primers generated a total of 134 bands, with an average of 6.7 bands per primer. Out of 134 bands scored, 97% were found polymorphic while only 3% were monomorphic. The resolving power of primers ranged from 5.44 to 10.64. The ranges of similarity between species varied from 0.480 to 0.775. According to the Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) derived dendrogram, at a similarity level of 0.25, the populations were divided into two main groups. With regard to the genetic diversity parameters calculated for different species of origin, maximum and minimum number of effective alleles was observed in A. annua (1.601) and A. gmelinii (1.049) species, respectively. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) Nei's gene diversity (H) and Shannon's information index (I) for different species, indicated that diversity was highest in A. annua (PPL = 75.56%, H = 0.3283 and I = 0.472) and lowest in A. gmelinii (PPL = 9.63%, H = 0.032 and I = 0.049). The degree of genetic diversity observed using RAPD markers revealed that this approach is very effective in studying not only the phylogeny but also for the future conservation of medicinal wealth of various Artemisia species from this fragile environment of trans-Himalayas.


Thermocouples are the most widespread measuring tool in thermal tests of rocket and space vehicles. In this paper, a new theoretical and computational method of methodological error estimation is developed. Being based on the two-dimensional transient heat transfer model this method is intended for thermocouple measurement of flat ceramic specimen surface temperature under one-sided heating. The error estimation results can be applied to full-scale models. Validity of the method is confirmed by the comparison of the theoretical and experimental data confirmed.


Abstract: The creative process of reading skills carried out by early childhood is done through five important stages: first, the creative process of pronouncing the symbol of language, at this stage children carry out verbal recitation activities obtained through the process of listening (verbal) and intensive imitation of people around children are intentional and have goals. Secondly, the creative process of understanding and reciting simple language symbols, at this stage after reciting then they understands and knows simple words or languages pronounced, so that they begin to understand the meaning of a language in a simple way. Third, the creative process of understanding the meaning of lexical language, at this stage, understanding the meaning of the language of early childhood is more comprehensive so that language is understood more and more. Fourth, the creative process of understanding simple information, this is where early childhood not only understands the meaning of language, but also at the level of understanding information in a language. Fifth, the creative process recognizes simple text of reading sources, and finally, the simple text then can be understood by children.
Keywords: creative process, reading skills, and early childhood.