The preferred approach to repairing a divided flexor tendon remains a balancing act between discordant opinions and evidence. The literature is heavy with a bewildering array of different repair configurations, mobilization protocols and outcomes – usually in comparative empirical ex-vivo laboratory studies, or single centre/single surgeon series presenting the results of a favoured technique. What strategies are the junior surgeon, or even the experienced surgeon, attempting to improve outcomes, to embrace and more importantly, to adopt? In this article, I will give some of my opinions and comment on three interesting articles in this issue of the Journal.


According to experts, the power-generating complex in the entire chain from fuel production to the thermal energy application efficiency of the use of energy resources is only 44 %. That necessitates the researching of ways to enhance efficiency of organic fuel burning. One of the way to solve the problem is the burning fuel in the swirl burner with using of ionizated air. Domestic and international researches have shown that atomic oxygen increases the completeness combustion and reduces the number emitted into the atmosphere of pollutant emissions. At present, the reduction of air pollution of toxic substances allocated by industrial enterprises, is one of the most important problems facing humanity. Air pollution has a unhealthy exposure for humans and the environment. In this paper estimated effectiveness of existing chemical kinetic mechanisms of natural gas burning for the swirl burner and mechanisms unhealthy emissions produced based on the results of the evaluation. The purpose of work is to increase the effectiveness of fuel combustion and technical and economic, as well as environmental indicators in the swirl burner on the heat-and-power plant.


In th i s work I intend to explain and i l l u s t r a t e the simple and systematic language processes used by Smollett ( in both simple and complex examples) and discuss the results he achieves. I intend to show that Smollett was extremely observant of normal var iat ions in the language used around him and of l i n g u i s t i c var iat ion governed by such parameters as region, socia l status, educational l e v e l , sex, or age and, that he used th i s var iety for the purpose of sa t i re and s t ra i gh t forward humour, often producing puns, many of which have sexual and scatalogical double-entendres. Further, i t i s my contention that Smollett, fa r from confusing the reader with or ig ina l and a rb i t ra ry processes, explo i ts normal systematic processes-ofnatural language to the f u l l e s t extent. I do not mean th i s to be taken as implying that he lacked o r i g i n a l i t y or c r ea t i v i t y but rather that he had the a b i l i t y to perceive that normal human language has almost unlimited potential for his par t i cu la r purposes, hitherto almost unexploited in th i s manner. Also, he had the a b i l i t y to carry out the extremely d i f f i c u l t task of opening this var iety of language to the printed page in such a way that the reader could share his appreciation. An understanding of Smol lett ' s manipulation of language w i l l enable the reader to peruse the passages under discussion with more ease


We demonstrate 0.7 W cw output power at 520 nm from an intracavity frequency doubled Optically Pumped Semiconductor Disk Laser at room temperature. High beam quality and optical conversion efficiency of 10% has been achieved.


Pseudo-omnidirectional robots with independently steerable wheels require a method to synchronize the steering motion of the wheels in order to keep a unique instantaneous center of rotation (ICR). For standard wheels, the instantaneous center of rotation is defined as the intersection point of all wheel axes. We present a novel approach to deal with the problem of continuously shifting the center of rotation of a pseudo-omnidirectional rover from an initial to a demanded position in the Cartesian plane. The main contribution is the consideration of substantial velocity and acceleration limits on the steering units, as well as mechanical constraints and noise affected sensor measurements. We solve this problem by deriving a relationship between the steering accelerations of the single wheels and the acceleration of the center of rotation. We furthermore provide a contribution to the tracking of the ICR in the presence of significant sensor noise. Our results are evaluated by tests on the rover breadboard developed during the activities for the ExoMars mission.


We calculate the correlation functions of $0^{++}$ $q\bar q$, $s\bar s$ and glueball in the QCD sum rules and obtain the mass matrix where non-diagonal terms are determined by the cross correlations among the three states. Diagonalizing the mass matrix and identifying the eigenstates as the physical $0^{++}$ scalar mesons, we can determine the mixing. Concretely, our calculations determine the fractions of $q\bar q$, $s\bar s$ and glueball in the physical states $f_0(1370)$, $f_0(1500)$ and $f_0(1710)$, the results are consistent with that gained by the phenomenological research.


The complete small subunit rRNA (SSrRNA) gene sequence of a marine ciliate, Dysteria derouxi Gong and Song, 2004, was deter- mined to be of 1 708 nucleotides. The phylogenetic position of this species within the class Phyllopharyngea was deduced using dis- tance matrix, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Dysteria derouxi, together with other available ciliates of the class Phyllopharyngea, forms a monophyletic clade with strong bootstrap support in the distance matrix, maximum parsimony and like- lihood tree construction methods, while the dysterids are, as a monophyletic group, phylogenetically close to the clade of chlamy- dodontids [values of 100% LS(least-squares), 100% NJ(neighbor-joining)]. In addition, the trees indicate that dysteriids may be a higher or specialized group within the class, which corresponds well to the morphology and infraciliature.


COVID-19 is acknowledged as a transmitted from one person to another through contact, coughing, and sneezing. Twitter has served as one of the media outlets to raise awareness regarding COVID-19 problems. One of the government's objectives, based on the rising distribution, is pursued to preserve immunizations in stock. Hence, the vaccine information has become adequately available. However, immunization has sparked a range of reactions, including support and objection for vaccination. Attempts require a mechanism to distinguish tweets addressing immunization-related information. One notable method includes sentiment analysis, expressing a statement's negative, neutral, and positive feelings. A total of 5200 datasets were employed, with 4000 datasets classified as neutral, 300 datasets as negative, and 900 datasets as positive. The Naïve Bayes method and the TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) word weighting strategy are proposed to model the COVID-19 vaccine dataset, by comparing the three models of: Gaussian, Multinomial, and TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency). According to study employing Naïve Bayes, the best model employing Bernoulli Naive Bayes is 80% with a data splitting of 30%. © 2022 Author(s).


Each treatment course with ABLC was preceded by therapy with amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The indications for amphotericin B were radiological features suggestive of invasive fungal infection (14 courses), pyrexia for >72 h despite broad-spectrum antibiotics (six courses) and microbiologically con finned candidaemia (two courses). Alteration of therapy to ABLC was instituted because of nephrotoxoicity, defined as an increase in serum creatinine by 50% above baseline levels (10 courses), unresponsive fungal disease (eight courses), hyperlhypokalaemia (two courses) and hepatic impairment (two courses), ABLC was used at a dose of 5 mglkg in all cases. Over all the treatment courses with ABLC, the mean serum creatinine at the initiation of therapy was 13 9 f.!mol/I and at the end of therapy was 132 f.!moi/l. For those 10 treatment courses were ABLC was indicated because of nephrotoxicity the mean initial serum creatinine was 177 f.!mol/I and the mean final creatinine was 1 51 f.!mol/l. Richardson. M. & Kokkl, M. (1998) Antifungal therapy in 'bone marrow failure'. British Journal of Hllematolo!J!J, 100.619-628.


The sport world has been turned into an industry and businessmen are looking to get profit out of this business. Like every single business, sports organizations need to manage their human resources, but is sport human resources different from others fields of activity? In sport organizations the things are really different because a team full of stars cannot create a group and they cannot achieve the expected results. Nowadays, sports team management is more complicated because of the globalization. The mobility of the workforce made that intercultural contacts are more often than before and managers have to adapt to this interculturality in their teams. The concept of intercultural management is a hot issue in many countries all over the world. Many people do not give importance to this aspect, but intercultural education is more and more important. This paper emphasizes a case study aiming to illustrate the cross-cultural issues in the case of Sven-Göran Eriksson who is ranked as the second most successful coach in England but he failed spectacularly in Mexico. It is unlikely he had heard much about the Mexican league or the players before his assignment in Mexico, but Sven's failure could be blamed on a lack of intercultural awareness and a lack of adaptation on his side.


In July 2004, a young woman claimed that she had been attacked on the Paris urban railway system by four Maghrebins and two Africans and that the discovery that she might be Jewish had intensified the character of the attack. For a number of days, the French media were dominated by the case and leading politicians condemned it. The events drew attention to a number of issues concerning culture and identity in contemporary France and the role played in constituting this identity of history and memory. However, it also displayed how the constitution of identity is a selective process in which different elements may be dealt with, either in different ways or omitted altogether. This article explores how in attempting to come to terms with the legacies of anti-Semitism, other areas of history and memory have been neglected, including the legacy of France's colonial empire, and, in particular, her relationship with Algeria.


In this article the catalytic properties comparison of four different platinum catalytic converters working in exhaust gases of self ignition engine were described. The test procedure and the test bench were described. Article contains structure of tested catalytic converters with physicochemical investigations of their active surface. The reactors surfaces views from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray surface structure investigations were also included. Comparison of tested catalytic converters properties were made in function of their temperature. Analyses were related to rector's ability to convert carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, sum of nitric oxides, nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. Results of investigations have shown that platinum catalytic converters working in diesel exhaust gases have high efficiency in oxidation of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide. This property is mainly used in continuous regeneration trap systems (CRT). Catalytic converters ability to passive reduction of nitric oxides by use of hydrocarbons was demonstrated. Ranges of tested reactors temperature in which their properties that can be used in continuous regeneration trap systems and systems of selective nitric oxides reduction by use of hydrocarbons (HC-SCR) were defined. Mentioned reactors properties were estimated in connection to platinum load on reactors surface.


The characteristics of water turbine governing system and development of governors are stated in this paper.The characteristics of PID control,self-adaptable control,intelligent control and their application in water turbine governing system are introduced.One control in combination with other controls is proposed to form a composite control,which is the development direction of the turbine regulating system.


Measurements of the isotopic composition of cosmic nuclei with Z = 7-20 are reported. These measurements were made with a new version of a Cerenkov x total E telescope. Path length and uniformity corrections are made to all counters to a RMS level 1%. Since the Cerenkov counter is crucial to mass measurements using the C x E technique - special care was taken to optimize the resolution of the 2.4 cm thick Pilot 425 Cerenkov counter. This counter exhibited a beta = 1 muon equivalent LED resolution of 24%, corresponding to a total of 90 p.e. collected at the 1st dynodes of the photomultiplier tubes.


Suspended sediment transport dynamics occurring at relatively short time scales under super-critical wave groups created by moving high speed vessels are investigated by means of field measurements and the application of numerical models. Examples are provided from a variety of different environments, including predominately sandy beaches in low energy estuarine and fluvial settings. Model simulations combining the hydrodynamics of the wakes with steady currents and a sand transport model provide results that are largely consistent with field measurements and observations of the suspended load fraction. Wakes re-suspend sand in the nearshore that would otherwise be immobile and move it incrementally offshore and alongshore, eventually into deeper water where stronger ambient flows (tidal or fluvial) can transport the sediment. Super-critical wakes from high speed vessels have a tendency to cause offshore transport of sand-sized sediment leading to beach flattening while their sub-critical counterparts often lead to beach steepening. INTRODUCTION Wave-induced erosion associated with ship traffic in confined waterways has been widely reported including locations in San Francisco Bay, California, Puget Sound, Washington, Georgia Strait, British Columbia, Saint Lawrence River, Quebec, Waitemata Harbor and Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, Loch Ryan, Scotland and Kattegatt, Denmark (see review by Parnell and Kofoed-Hansen, 2001). Because of their size and speed, many commercial and recreational vessels are capable of producing


Isonomy has been dealt with from its evolution in human thoughts and in the inequality of social context in Latin American and Brazilian realities since their colonial times. After the discourse analysis regarding handling equal ones equally and unequal ones unequally, the State constitutional commitment in promoting equality in its connection to other constitutional guarantees is addressed. The rereading of the object and the function of the civil process is promoted through the light of isonomy; being the magistrate's duty to guarantee it among litigants, the lead of the process is advocated in a dynamic and collaborative perspective in order to provide the effective access to justice and the real parity between the parties without compromising the judge impartiality. Once the need of a differentiated treatment is identified, the vulnerability is presented as a legitimate criterion for distinctions from consistent assessment elements. Equality is addressed under the civil process humanization and the thesis presents the innovative concept of procedural vulnerability, susceptibility, which compromises the practice of act in court by an involuntary litigant limitation due to health and/or economical, informational, technical or organizational order of permanent or provisional character. Differences presented on the procedural system are analyzed in order to assess a possible link with factors related to the vulnerability. There are also proposed solutions in order to overcome harmful effects from procedural vulnerability in several moments of the processing of civil works and to foster an equal participation. Finally, the application viability of the thesis is demonstrated through the claim of cause, indicating the procedural aspects for its recognition in court. Key-Words: Unequalization in the Civil Procedure, Processual Isonomy; Vulnerability, Legitimacy.


This paper expounds the importance of the protection of the water resources, analyzes on the water pollution situation in Yancheng County, and advances some corresponding preventive countermeasures.


Electrocardiograms from 425 healthy Nigeria children aged from birth to 5 years of age were studied to determine heart rates, cardiac rhythm and the prevalence of arrhythmias. Heart rates decreased with increasing age. The highest rates of 180/min were found in the second day of life while it was 75/min in the 3-5 years old children. Two hundred and seventy three children (64.7%) were in normal sinus rhythm while 142 (33.4%) exhibited sinus arrythmia


'TAPE SUCKS,' declared Dave Lipsey, writing in E&T back in March about his bad experiences with tapebased storage systems - in particular, tape systems based on the linear open-tape (LTO) standard. Lipsey, IS services and infrastructure manager at Ordnance Survey, told of how when backing up to tape, he was averaging 70 per cent backup success rate, which may mean a 60 per cent restore success rate. By moving to disk-based storage, Lipsey claimed to have archived 99 per cent backup success. Abandoning the unreliable and unpredictable tape backup for disk was a no-brainer.


The utility model relates to a random-wound winding for an ultra-high power motor, in particular to a random-wound winding for a motor with the maximum power of 900 HP (the reduced power is 675 kW) and the rated current of 1173 A. The random-wound winding comprises two sets of double layer lap windings which are respectively bottom windings and surface windings, lines are respectively inserted inthe two sets of double layer lap windings, the bottom windings are positioned on the lower layer in the groove, the surface windings are positioned on the upper layer in the groove, and each bottom winding and each surface winding are connected into a set of winding in parallel during wiring. The coil number of the random-wound winding is 88, and the parallel winding number of the coils of the bottom windings and the surface windings is respectively 44. The random-wound winding solves the problems of line inserting difficulty and interturn insulation, thereby enabling the structure of the ultra-high power motor adopting the random-wound winding to be compact and conforming to the design requirement.


Abstract Let 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, 0 0, and K be a local field. In this paper, the authors first present the unit decomposition of the Herz spaces K(α, p, l; K ) and K(α, p, l; K ). As the applications of this decomposition theory, the authors establish the K(α, p, l; K )- and K(α, p, l; K )-boundedness for some very general operators, and these results are sharp.


A retrospective descriptive longitudinal study was carried out in the Otorrinolaringology Services of the "Camilo Cienfuegos" General Hospital in Sancti Spiritus from september 2007 to september 2009.The population was of 130 patients diagnosed of Chronic Rhino-sinusitis and the sample included eight who showed Fernand Widal's Syndrome. The general objective was to determine the frequency of Fernand Widal's Syndrome in Sancti Spiritus Province; the specific objectives were to evaluate the age and gender variables, clinical manifestations, endoscopic and histological findings and the results of the tomography studies.The statistical analysis included the calculation of frequency stadigraphs expressed in numbers and percentages. The frequency of Syndrome was 6,1%; was more frequent in white men over 40 years-old, the primary symptoms were nasal obstruction and anosmia. They presented high eosinophylia, and elevated levels of IgE and circulating Immunocomplex. InThe tomography findings were presented the nasal poliposis grade III-IV, affected a paranasal group and with an anatomical variable.


Abstract The paper explores the relationship between per capita income and three air pollutants, CO, NMVOCs, and SOx, using a novel dataset based on the 20 regions of Italy. Given the central role of technological progress in long-term environmental problems, we empirically investigate the influence of innovation on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The estimation results validate the existence of an EKC for the three air pollutants considered. Furthermore, the influence of innovation on the inverse-U-shaped curve identified by the theoretical literature is in general empirically confirmed. Finally, the same conclusions also hold when using another dataset related to the aggregate national economy rather than separate regions.


The purpose of the investigation reported in this paper was to test the feasibility of solving Laplace's equation in a three-dimensional region having asymmetric boundaries by means of an electrolytic tank and also by a three-dimensional network of resistors. The region considered was one octant of an ellipsoid.


Sugarcane bagasse is one of the most abundant lignocellulosic biomass that can be found in Malaysia and this biomass can be used to produce bioethanol. In this study, bioethanol had been produced by using the Simultaneous co-Saccharification and Fermentation (Sc-SF) process. The addition of cellulase enzyme for the saccharification process had been added at the earliest stage of the fennentation process. Cellulase enzyme helped in the hydrolysis of cellulose to simpler substances such as glucose that later being used for the fermentation process. Escherichia coli KO II were used in this study as the ethanolic fennenters. Samples from each ofthe fennentation vessels had been analysed by using High Perfonnance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The samples were also being analysed for reducing sugars and total carbohydrate concentrations by using Phenol-Sulphuric Acid test and 3,5-dinitrosalicyclic acid (DNS) colorimetric method. The highest amount of bioethanol and acetic acid produced in Simultaneous co-Saccharification and Fennentation (ScSF) had been recorded by 2.50% fresh feedstock loading with the amount of 3.87 giL and 3.71 giL respectively. The best feedstock loading for the production of bioethanol is 2.50% fresh feedstock loading. This study indicated that it is possible to produce bioetha_nol without any pre-treatment on sugarcane bagasse.


The electrochemical properties of the high temperature three-dimensional β-Cu 0.6 V 2 O 0.5 and layered E-Cu 0.9 V 2 O 5 phasesare reported. Copper can be partially or completely removed from these compounds at room temperature by means of strong oxidizing agents. Upon removal of the copper several new compounds with copper content below the high temperature thermodynamic range of equilibrium were obtained.


The large-scale electric vehicles access to the distribution network, the randomness and decentralization of the distribution network management put forward new requirements for the transmission line load capacity also launched a challenge. In order to make the distribution network of electric vehicles take safe, economic and stable operation, according to the characteristics of electric vehicles, we use the CLARANS clustering technology according to load similarity in distribution network to simplify load model of EV, the load state of each cluster center is used as the load state of the classification, and the dynamic reconfiguration of the distribution network is transformed into static reconfiguration in multiple time periods. And then the krill-herd algorithm is applied to solve the static reconfiguration of the distribution network. The load data of the EV is built in IEEE 33 node distribution system and this model is simulated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the method.


The present study examined Korean learners' production of English sentence stress which has been known to affect native listeners' comprehension. The...


AIM
To evaluate histologically the morphology and characteristics of bone chips harvested intraorally by Safescraper, a specially designed cortical bone collector.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Bone chips harvested near a bone defect or in other intraoral sites were grafted into a post-extractive socket or applied in procedures for maxillary sinus floor augmentation or guided bone regeneration. Core biopsies were performed at implant insertion. Undecalcified specimens embedded in PMMA were studied by histology, histochemistry and SEM.

RESULTS
Intraoral harvesting by Safescraper provided a simple, clinically effective regenerative procedure with low morbidity for collecting cortical bone chips (0.9-1.7 mm in length, roughly 100 microm thick). Chips had an oblong or quadrangular shape and contained live osteocytes (mean viability: 45-72%). Bone chip grafting produced newly formed bone tissue suitable for implant insertion. Trabecular bone volume measured on biopsies decreased with time (from 45-55% to 23%). Grafted chips made up 50% or less of the calcified tissue in biopsies. Biopsies presented remodeling activities, new bone formation by apposition and live osteocytes (35% or higher).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, Safescraper is capable of collecting adequate amounts of cortical bone chips from different intraoral sites. The procedure is effective for treating alveolar defects for endosseous implant insertion and provides good healing of small bone defects after grafting with bone chips. The study indicates that Safescraper is a very useful device for in-office bone harvesting procedures in routine peri-implant bone regeneration.


Six critics consider what is significantly not present-- or at least significantly well hidden-- in a provocative examination of the cultural anxieties that the nineteenth-century novel manipulates and conceals. Probing the connections between literary and sexual politics, the authors question the absence of the police from Barchester Towers and the presence of homoeroticism in "The Beast in the Jungle". They consider the Victorians' sharpened sense of their own evanescence and the fin de siecle's fevered preoccupation with syphilis, the terror of "women people" in the naturalist novel, and the anxious connection between female authorship and prostitution in George Eliot and Hardy, Bram Stoker, and James Barrie but also nineteenth-century economists and evolutionary biologists, with psychiatrists, sociologists, and even obstetricians. "The essays in this volume show that criticism of the novel has come a long way from all merely appreciative or celebratory kinds of readings." Ruth Yeazell writes in her introduction. "Refusing to isolate the writing of fiction from other forms of representation, the authors contribute to an analysis not only of the nineteenth century's novels, but of the compelling diagnosis of nineteenth-century anxiety, however-- even their success in identifying such an anxiety-- may prompt us to ask what anxieties of our own this new habit of reading seeks to manage and control."


tracts are the most frequent sites of the primary tumor. We present three own cases and a review of the literature.


The performance of alkaline zinc-manganese batteries and ordinary zinc-manganese batteries were studied,the influence of the discharge modes and environment temperatures were discussed.In the same discharge mode,ordinary zinc-manganese batteries of performance discrepancy inconspicuously,and the performance of alkaline zinc-manganese batteries were superiority better than ordinary zinc-manganese batteries.At the range of 0 ~ 50 ℃,the dry batteries performance of high-temperature were better than performance of low-temperature.


Leaf decomposition, an important component of the organic matter dynamics in streams, has been widely examined in temperate regions but much less documented in tropical regions. We report here the first study of leaf decomposition in a Sri Lankan stream. The litterbag technique was used. Coarse (8 mm) and fine (100 µm) litterbags, that included or excluded macroinvertebrates respectively, were used to enclose leaves of three dominant riparian tree species: native Ochlandra stridula (bamboo), and the introduced Alstonia macrophylla and Hevea brasiliensis (rubber). A fourth set of litterbags contained a mixture of these three species. Leaf colonization by macroinvertebrates was highest in the early stages of the decomposition process on Hevea leaves but invertebrate densities declined later. The opposite colonization effect was observed on the native Ochlandra leaves: slow colonization with continuing low densities from the beginning to the end of the process. Decomposition of all three species was significantly faster in the coarse than in the fine mesh bags. Alstonia, which has the softest leaf tissue, was most rapidly decomposed while Ochlandra, with its tough structure, was the slowest. Among the invertebrates, insects were the most important leaf colonizing animals, with Diptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera the most dominant. The invertebrate variety in the mixed bags was higher than in the single-species leaf bags, where Chironomidae dominated the colonizing assemblages. This study has shown that toughness, indicated by the 'specific weight of leaf tissue', and the quality of the leaves was more important in determining breakdown rates than their origin. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The first proposal for transmitting facsimiles electrically from one place to another was contained in a British patent dated 27 November 1843. In this, Alexander Bain, a Scottish clock and instrument maker, described 'certain improvements in producing and regulating electric currents and improvements in electric timepieces and in electric printing and signal telegraphs'. His patent was comprehensive and he put forward seven different ideas for developments in electric telegraphy: the sixth of these related to his 'improvement for taking copies of surfaces, for instance the surface of printer's types at distant places'. The progress of still picture transmission proceeded in a rather erratic manner. Following Bain's and Bakewell's pioneering ideas on the subject in the 1840-50 decade, advances in the techniques of scanning and synchronisation occurred which enabled several practical schemes to be implemented in the 1865-75 period, only to lapse subsequently into disuse after a lack of commercial success. Then, in the first few years of the twentieth century, renewed interest in the subject emerged which led to equipments being developed by Korn (1907), Carbonelle (1907), Berjenneau (1907), Semat (1909), Belin (1907) and others. Again, although some of these schemes were capable of giving quite good results, their uneconomic viability consigned them to the warehouse of proven but unsuitable for the times inventions.


Abstract. We have constructed an approximately 4-Mb YAC contig spanning the microsatellite markers D14S1028–D14S61 on chromosome 14q24.3 using oligonucleotide primers to microsatellite markers, ESTs and the genes PSEN1, FOS, TGFB3 and UBE2L1. This contig consists of 44 ICI YACs and 5 megaCEPH YACs. The data reported here should aid the final construction of an integrated map of chromosome 14 and allow the identification and accurate mapping of additional novel ESTs within this region.


The odyssey of a group of "refugees" from a closed-down online game and an exploration of emergent fan cultures in virtual worlds.


We prove the existence of an order-preserving function on a class of preordered topological spaces that are inductive limits of preordered spaces. Some applications to economics are given.


Extracting the clear fundus image information is a prerequisite for diagnosing the patient 's conditions exactly in clinic.This paper adopts respectively de-noising algorithm based on multi-scale and that based on median filter to process real fundus images.It gives the LMLSD al gorithm based on Gaussian wave extraction,which is used to estimate SNR(Signal-to-Noise) of the processed images and give an objective quantitave evaluation to treatment effect of the above two de-noising algorithms.The results show that the image processed by multi-scale algorithm is much clearer,and SNR is improved to about 2.56 times,about 1.92 times by median filter.The results of objective quantitave evaluation are in accordance with subjective visual feeling,so the selecting of evaluation algorithm is appropriate.


Machine learning is the most commonly used technique to address larger and more complex tasks by analyzing the most relevant information already present in databases. In order to better predict the future trend of the index, this paper proposes a two-dimensional numerical model for machine learning to simulate major U.S. stock market index and uses a nonlinear implicit finite-difference method to find numerical solutions of the two-dimensional simulation model. The proposed machine learning method uses partial differential equations to predict the stock market and can be extensively used to accelerate large-scale data processing on the history database. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the prediction error and improves forecasting precision.


Crystallization phenomena are of first interest in several industrial applications (polymer forming processes, metallurgy, phase change flow, energy storage...). A classical way to model the crystallization evolution is using the Nakamura kinetics law. In this paper, a novel physics is developed using the COMSOL physics builder and accounts for the resolution of this Nakamura kinetics. The new physics can be used in any COMSOL multiphysical model. An example of composite forming simulation, which includes the coupling with a heat transfer node is presented. The new physics is efficient at automatically handling couplings (with built-in physical magnitudes) but also calls for physical material properties with consistent units. Thus, using this novel physics will prevents mistakes when developing new models.


Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are under intense investigation for both transportation and stationary clean energy applications. Controlling the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) structure is a primary area of focus for improving overall PEMFC performance and durability, and ultimately, for reducing cost. The key components of the CCL are the electrocatalyst (typically Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon) for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), ionomer for proton-conduction and electrode mechanical/structural support, and porosity for gas/water transport.[1] These components range in size from single atoms to the micrometer scale, as represented in Fig. 1, and are combined to form the overall CCL structure.


OBSERVATIONS upon the movement of both tendril and terminal bud were made both day and night for an entire week, and thus the motion of each arm, for almost its entire period of activity, was secured. Temperature and other meteorological conditions were noted at each observation, taken during the night at intervals of an hour-sometimes less-and during the day as often as seemed necessary from the activity displayed, thus frequently at intervals of two minutes.


Attitude control system of the rigid satellite is a coupling and uncertain nonlinear system with multi-inputs and multi-outputs. This paper presents a sliding mode controller for the satellite attitude system with limited control input and external disturbances. The design strategy can guarantees that the closed-system is global asymptotic stable and realizes the requirements of the control input saturation. The control algorithm is model-independent and it performs effectively on restraining bounded external disturbances.


Objective To measure the apparent diffusion coefficent(ADC) values of lumbar intervertebral disc in health adult and to observe the relationship between the mean ADC value and the commonly physiological parameters disc level.Methods T1WI,T2WI and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) of lumbar intervertebral disk were performed in 100 healthy adult volunteers with no previous history of low back pain and trauma,et al.A 1.5 T MR scanner was used and sagittal T1WI,T2WI were scanned.DWI was obtained in sagittal plane by using SE-EPI sequence.The ADC values of lumbar intervertebral disc were measured and the correlation of disc level of volunteers with the ADC values of lumbar intervertebral disc were analyzed.Results DWI imaging was successfully applied to lumbar intervertebral disc with b=500s/mm2.The mean ADC value of lumbar disc in health adult was(1.67±0.16)x10-3 mm2 /s,the 95% confidence interval was(1.66×10-3-1.69×10-3) mm2 /s.The mean ADC value of lumbar intervertebral disc has no significant relationship with anatomical location.Conclusion The mean ADC value of lumbar intervertebral disc of healthy adult has no significant correlation with anatomy level of lumbar intervertebral disc.DWI could be used as a non-invasive important technical means in evaluation of the degenerative of intervertebral disc.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of contrast-enhanced CT axial images for the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari Syndrome(BCS) by comparing the CT appearances of BCS and liver cirrhosis(LC) . Methods:Forty-eight patients with BCS who diagnosed by angiography,surgery or imaging methods(ultrasound,CTA and MRA) were retrospectively reviewed,and 48 patients with liver cirrhosis were selected as a control group. The differences of CT appearances in BCS and liver cirrhosis were assessed by using chi-square test. Results:The caudate lobe enlargement was found in 28 BCS patients and higher than that of LC(14) (p0.05) ;The left lobe enlargement was in 40 LC patients,while in 14 MCS patients(P0.01) . The parenchymal enhancement surrounding portal vein and peripheral hepatic area on arterial phase was found in 21 MCS cases,and the hepatic heterogeneous enhancement on portal vein phase was found in 46 MCS cases,no such appearances in LC cases. Pericardiacophrenic veins were found in 23 MCS cases,and not in LC patients. Conclusion:The CT appearances of MCS on contrast-enhanced axial images are different from that of liver cirrhosis and suggestive for the diagnosis of BCS.


Visual saliency detection plays an important role in computer vision applications. This paper proposes an integrated saliency detection model based on weighted global entropy. Firstly, in the calculation of element saliency, new definitions of element uniqueness and compactness with logarithmic responses are proposed, which can reduce the detection model's sensitivity to object interior textures and ensure the completeness of the detected salient object. Then, a nonlinear fusion method based on weighted global entropy is proposed and applied to combine the saliency maps that are separately calculated in multi-scale Lab and RGB color spaces. Lastly, the proposed saliency detection model is compared with 12 state-of-the-art methods on a publicly available dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our model can improve the precision, maintain a higher recall ratio, and produce saliency maps closer to human-labelled salient regions.


It was not the intention of this study to revisit the debate about graded assessment within competency based assessment in the Australian vocational education and training (VET) system, but rather, in recognition of the fact that such graded assessment does take place, to update research into graded assessment to take account of changes in the VET environment. The study focuses on an examination of the various approaches to grading that may be employed where a decision to grade has already been made. Definitions of grading, validity, reliability and consistency are offered and a review of Australian and relevant overseas literature is given. Data were gathered through focus groups and telephone and face-to-face interviews with stakeholders. The findings are analysed and a proposal is offered for policy development that will increase the consistency and validity of grading practices without diminishing the flexibility of providers to assess and report learners appropriately.


The training vessel Crew requirements The training programme Basic meteorology Seamanship Navigation Electronic equipment Fishing gear and methods Fish handling on board Safety measures Fishing log books Economics of fishing operations Vessel maintenance Performance record of trainees.


This report proposes the stage volume ratio (Vo/V) as an acoustic design factor for concert halls and presents an investigation of the dependence of the acoustic parameters of an auditorium on the stage volume through computer simulation. Firstly, the ratio of the stage volume to the total volume of a concert hall was defined as Vo/V through case studies of existing concert halls. It was verified using a simple model that the stage acoustic parameter STEarly and audience acoustic parameters G and C80 decreased, whereas, the reverberation time and early decay time increased with increasing Vo/V. Secondly, a computer simulation was performed for nine existing concert halls, while changing Vo/V from −20% to 30%. The room acoustic parameters exhibited the same patterns as suggested by the simple model. Vo/V significantly affected the bass ratio and bass index. A comparison of the effects of Vo/V and the sound absorption coefficient in nine concert halls revealed that Vo/V contributed approximately 15% to the reverberation and affected the bass characteristics more substantially. Thus, Vo/V is a critical design factor when determining the warmth of the audience acoustics. The study results could be used as a basis for acoustic design in the future.


The ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG currently has several very large tunnelling projects in Austria. However, not only the construction itself is important for the client, but also that the tunnels can be used as efficiently as possible during their entire service life. Regarding water pressure‐relieved tunnel structures, the drainage system is usually the most expensive and time‐consuming maintenance activity. For this reason a specialized project, the Task Force Drainage (TFD), was launched to deal with drainage systems during construction and operation. The objectives of the TFD are primarily the concentration of innovation regarding the drainage system, the optimization and systematization of the maintenance process and the specification of necessary components and technologies. Examples are the development of new flushing systems for the drainage system, the development of optimized pipe materials and a uniform inventory of existing drainage systems. These examples are explained in the article.


Entity re-identification is the foundation of tracking- and matching-based computer vision tasks, which are widely employed in a variety of applications. However, when trained exclusively on clear images, the models capacity to generalize is significantly affected by the presence of occlusion at referencing time, whereas data argumentation-based approaches are costly to construct without guaranteeing a test-time improvement. To tackle this problem, we propose a domain adaptation framework based on learning representations that generates occlusion-invariant feature representations by aligning the clean image embedding distribution with the occluded one, using a disparity discrepancy metric derived from the siamese network architecture. Without the need for additional processing modules during the inference stage or an expensive occlusion-augmentation-enlarged dataset during the training stage, we could obtain occlusion invariant embeddings that are free of the impact of occluders. Extensive experimental results for two tasks across three datasets indicate the proposed method's robustness and effectiveness to a variety of occlusions at all levels.


Thin-walled structures (TWTs) are widely used in automotive and aerospace industries due to their easy formability, high energy absorption capacity, low cost and lightweight advantages. In this study, under dynamic axial load, the crashworthiness of spot-welded and double-hat shaped elliptical TWT was investigated by the finite element method (FEM). In addition, bead-shaped trigger mechanism was added to the TWT to reduce the peak crushing force. Changes in wall thickness (thickening or thinning of some elements), plastic strain and work hardening may occur during forming. In order to investigate the effect of the forming history on crashworthiness, the TWT was formed by single-acting deep drawing using FEM and results were mapped. The results showed that the forming history has effect on the crashworthiness of the tube. With deep drawing results mapped to the tube, energy absorption decreased by 5.218% and peak crushing force decreased by 3.614%. RADIOSS/explicit and nonlinear FE codes were used.


The isothermal oxidation behavior of sintered IN-100 superalloy containing 1 mass% dispersoids of Y2O3 and La2O3 in air at 1273 K was investigated. Atomized IN-100 alloy powders were mixed with Y2O3 or La2O3 powders in a disc-mill under an argon atmosphere and hot-pressed. The particle shape and microstructure of the disc-milled powders resembled very closely to those of mechanically alloyed powder.Y2O3 dispersion reduced the oxidation rate of sintered IN-100 alloy more markedly than La2O3 dispersion. La2O3 dispersion reduced the oxidation rate slightly, but it intensified the scale adhesion more effectively than Y2O3 dispersion.EPMA observation of the scale revealed that the scale generally consisted of Cr2O3 layer and internally oxidized layer of Al2O3. The amounts of Ti and Ni in the Cr2O3 layer were higher in the straight alloy than in these dispersion alloys. The scale formed on the Y2O3 dispersion alloy, which showed the smallest mass gain by oxidation, consisted of the outer most layer of TiO2, the Cr2O3 intermediate layer containing almost no Ti, and the Al2O3 inner layer.


Grandinol (1) was initially found as a rooting inhibitor in adult tissues of Eucalyptus grandis,l) but has subsequently been detected as a commonactive principle in various Eucalyptus species in our search for germination inhibitors within the genus.2] The grandinol content seemed to differ with the type (sub-species) of Eucalyptus and/or the tissue parts, so it seemed possible that information of some interest for plant-physiology and/or chemotaxonomy might emerge from a quantitative survey for grandinol. In order to carry out this study, a suitable internal standard such as an isotope-labelled compoundis required for reliable results. In this communication, we


Evidences of adduct formation between the dirhodium complex Rh2[(R)-MTPA4]
(Rh–Rh; MTPA-H = Mosher acid) and various monovalent ligands L were obtained in solution by using NMR spectroscopy. Strongly binding ligands, e.g. selenoethers or nitriles, prefer L
→
Rh–Rh
←
L adducts whereas weaker ligands, e.g. olefins with low steric hindrance, tend to form oligomers with bridging L molecules: ⋯Rh–Rh⋯L⋯Rh–Rh⋯. Larger steric congestion forces olefins to avoid bridge situations or even prohibits adduct formation at all.


Consider an auction in which increasing bids are made in sequence on an object whose value θ is known to each bidder. Suppose n bids are received, and the distribution of each bid is conditionally uniform. More specifically, suppose the first bid X1 is uniformly distributed on [0, θ], and the ith bid is uniformly distributed on [Xi−1, θ] for i = 2, …, n. A scenario in which this auction model is appropriate is described. We assume that the value θ is un known to the statistician and must be esimated from the sample X1, X2, …, Xn. The best linear unbiased estimate of θ is derived. The invariance of the estimation problem under scale transformations in noted, and the best invariant estimation problem under scale transformations is noted, and the best invariant estimate of θ under loss L(θ, a) = [(a/θ) − 1]2 is derived. It is shown that this best invariant estimate has uniformly smaller mean-squared error than the best linear unbiased estimate, and the ratio of the mean-squared errors is estimated from simulation experiments. A Bayesian formulation of the estimation problem is also considered, and a class of Bayes estimates is explicitly derived.


The goal of this research project is to ascertain the role of factors in the initiation of PIWI-directed silencing of transposable elements (TEs). There have been genetic studies on the factors involved in the PIWI/piRNA pathway, but the initiation of TE silencing is not fully understood. To study this question, we applied a Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA)-targeted reporter assay to Drosophila OSS cells. We found that piRNA biogenesis factors and PIWIassociated factors have direct roles in the initiation of PIWI silencing and that chromatinmodifying factors may act downstream. Our findings also reveal that RNA Polymerase II associated proteins PAF1 and RTF1 oppose PIWI-directed silencing. When the piRNA targeted transcript region is close to the promoter, PAF1 and RTF1 knockdowns enhance PIWI silencing of the reporters. Our results show that the role of PAF1 in the AGO1/siRNA-directed silencing of fission yeast may be conserved with the role of PAF1 in PIWI/piRNA-directed silencing in Drosophila. Our reporter assay was also successfully applied for PIWI knockdown in WRR-1 cells that have a male genotype, confirming that PIWI has a direct role in TE silencing in this cell line. This study indicates that our reporter assay can be used to test other factors in the initiation of PIWI-directed silencing. We hope to apply the assay to OSC-delta-I(3)mbt cell that expresses the secondary piRNA ping-pong pathway, but transfection conditions need to be optimized for the assay to work.


Detecting neutralizing antibodies targeting receptor‐binding domain (RBD) is important for the assessment of humoral protection and vaccine efficacy after vaccination. We compared the performance of three surrogate immunoassays for detection of neutralizing antibodies targeting RBD.


Dear Editor, Among manifestations of premenstrual syndrome, anti-progesterone dermatitis (APD) is characterized by: (i) episodic skin disturbance including vesiculobullous eruptions during the ovulatory phase; (ii) positive induction test by administration of progesterone; (iii) positive skin test for progesterone; and (iv) presence of anti-rat ovary antibody in the serum. However, the details of the pathomechanism by which progesterone induces vesiculobullous inflammation on the skin have not yet been elucidated, and there are rather few cases that satisfy those criteria. Herein, we report a case that clinically resembled APD, but immunological and challenge tests did not provide any evidence that progesterone participated in this case. A 49-year-old Japanese female presented episodic vesiculobullous eruptions on the face for several months. The skin disturbance started as an itching sensation on the face several days prior to the next menstruation, then worsened to show vesiculobullous eruptions (Fig. 1), and gradually diminished with the coming of menstruation. Skin biopsy of the eruption demonstrated subepidermal blister formation with a dense infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils (Fig. 2A,B). Immunohistochemistry did not demonstrate either immune deposition along the basement membrane zone of the perilesional epidermis, nor circulating autoantibodies against any skin components. Examinations for autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg)-1, Dsg-3 and BP180 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method were not performed. Electron microscopy using the reembedding method demonstrated that the blister was formed beneath the lamina densa with dermal remnant under the blister roof (Fig. 2C,D). The eruptions reacted to short-term administration of corticosteroid hormone. Suppression of menstruation with estrogen resulted in prevention of the episode, and administration of clomiphene resulted in induction of vesicles (Fig. 3). However, administration of progesterone did not accelerate the episode, intradermal testing of progesterone was negative, and immunofluorescence testing using rat ovary as a substrate did not demonstrate anti-ovarian antibody in the patient's serum. In this case, acceleration test of ovulation using clomiphene induced the eruptions, and administration of estrogen, which suppressed ovulation, prevented the skin episode. Therefore, some relations should be supposed between ovulation and skin inflammation. The clinical appearance of blisters was similar to that in autoimmune bullous diseases, but neither immune deposition in the skin nor circulating


In the context of huge problems engendered by the European agricultural policy and related to rural area development, the rural area on the whole needs new perspectives to ensure a positive evolution of the human communities. Romania, a member of the European Union for over 5 years now, needs to valorise all its natural, human, and cultural resources of the rural area to be able to face a strong competition and to maintain biodiversity.


The AS infiltration maintenance agent is a new kind of inorganic and special material for preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement. It depends on the effects of infiltration and crystallization to form a unique three-dimensional reinforced network structure on the surface and in the fine cracks of asphalt concrete, then the pavement performances such as high temperature and water stability etc. of asphalt pavement are improved. In order to research its improvement effects, the common asphalt mixture of SBS modified AC-13C for surface layer is selected as the brushing matrix. Through the laboratory testing, the comparative analysis were conducted to various pavement performances of AC-13C before and after the AS agent brushing, and the validation of field test road section was also conducted. The results show that the AS agent meets the technical requirements of infiltration film-forming waterproof coating. After the AS agent brushing, the impermeability, bond strength and wear resistance of SBS modified AC-13C are improved significantly, all the high temperature stability, low temperature crack resistance, water stability, aging resistance and corrosion resistance capability of acid and alkali etc. are gotten some improvements, but the skid resistance performance is impacted to a certain. Therefore, the AS agent can be applied to the preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement.


Through extensive field evaluations, a bait system (hereafter termed "SWASS" for Screwworm Adult Suppression System) was developed for adult Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). SWASS units were a 5.1-cm diam × 7.5-cm cardboard cylinder. Approximately 5 g of a mixture of Elmer's glue (52%), granulated sugar (32%), dried blood (14%), and dichlorvos (2%) were down the center, and a dental roll, ca. 2.5 cm impregnated with 2 ml of swormlure-2, was placed in the mixture in ca. the center of the cylinder. When SWASS units were first evaluated near the screwworm production plant, they attracted and killed hundreds of released screwworm flies/h. In other field evaluations, SWASS units appeared ca. 70% as effective as a standard trap and ca. 35% as eflective as a wind oriented trap when numbers of flies attracted to each trapping system were compared over 1-wk periods. In a field test consmeared ducted on a local ranch, native screwworms were atlong tracted and killed by SWASS units and ca. 75–80% of the native flies killed with these baits were females.


AbstractA poleward shift in the extratropical storm tracks has been identified in observational and climate simulations. The authors examine the role of altered sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on the storm-track position and intensity in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) using realistic lower boundary conditions.A set of experiments was conducted in which the SSTs where changed by 2 K in specified latitude bands. The primary profile was inspired by the observed trend in ocean temperatures, with the largest warming occurring at low latitudes. The response to several other heating patterns was also investigated, to examine the effect of imposed gradients and low- versus high-latitude heating. The focus is on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter, averaged over a 20-yr period.Results show that the storm tracks respond to changes in both the mean SST and SST gradients, consistent with previous studies employing aquaplanet (water only) boundary conditions. Increasing the mean SST strengthens the Ha...


The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of internal auditors in a company and whether the Good Corporate Governance in a company has been well implemented and test whether the effect of the internal auditor's role in bringing the Good Corporate Governance at a company. The object of this research is PT. Gudang Garam Tbk. The variables used in this study is the role of the auditor as an independent variable (X), while Good Corporate Governance as the dependent variable (Y). The number of samples in this study consisted of 51 respondents. The sampling method used probably sampling method, while data analysis using descriptive analysis, simple linear regression, and test normalitas. Result this study indicate that the role of the auditor's influence on the implementation of Good Corporate Governance. And according to the results of tests T, variable Good Corporate Governance significantly affected by the Internal Auditor Roles variable.
Keywords : Role of Internal Auditor, Good Corporate Governance


Universities are showing a growing interest in becoming green institutions and improving campus open space management. Well-designed urban landscapes guided by green criteria integrate eco-friendly infrastructure which may be effective in facing urban challenges in the context of climate change. Student preferences and uses of campus outdoor environment should draw the attention of campus landscape planners. This study aims to analyse how the university community perceives landscape services provided by the Spanish Universitat Politècnica de València's campus open space. An online questionnaire was sent to the university community to check its opinions, level of satisfaction, and their demands related to the current situation of the outdoor areas. Campus open spaces with different urban green infrastructure have a high potential to provide cultural, provisioning, and regulation landscape services. Respondents perceive the main benefits provided by campus open spaces to be that they are a place to relax, meet friends, and pass through. Their needs related to the welfare of outdoor areas and their preferences differ according to age, occupation, and time spent at the campus. This paper intends to help the university to meet environmental guidelines and to help other universities in their endeavour to reach sustainability and ensure the university community's well-being.


Semantic Query Optimisation (SQO) uses rules learned from past queries in order to execute new queries more intelligently without accessing a database, whenever possible. It has several components: Query Representation, Query Optimisation, Automatic Rule Derivation and Rule Maintenance. Automatic Rule Derivation is the main focus in this paper. A dynamic statistical learning method takes the answer set of a query, and divides it into two groups: dependent and independent attributes. Then it tests values of these attributes on whether these attributes are related or not. If they are, the method can derive new rules. Elimination is done according to the averaged rank of coefficients of linear multiple regression analysis. The method is efficient, fast and completely dynamic. It can be done on any database at any time, without any need for reconstruction on the components. Computational results of the method prove that it limits the number of rules easily and reduces the derivation time.


The concept of a topological 'Thouless' pump involves the quantised motion of particles in response to a slow, cyclic modulation of external control parameters. Similar to the quantum Hall effect, the Thouless pump is of fundamental interest in physics because it links physically measurable quantities, such as particle currents, to geometric properties of the experimental system, whose topology can be robust against perturbations and thus technologically useful. So far, experiments probing the interplay between topology and inter-particle interactions have remained relatively scarce. This poster presents recent experimental results on topological pumping in Hubbard-regime optical lattices. Sensing the bulk response of the atomic cloud, we find that quantisation remains robust against weak and moderate interactions, compared to the single-particle band gap. Yet, strong repulsive interactions lead to a breakdown of quantised pumping (ref. 1). The dynamical lattice potential, generated from a single laser source at 1064nm, allows us to observe quan-tised pumping for more than 100 adiabatic cycles. In this long-distance regime, we discovered a reversal of quantised drifts (ref. 2), resulting from the underlying harmonic confinement. The reversal can be understood as an adiabatic transfer between bands of opposite Chern number via a topological edge mode. Interestingly, the presence of Hubbard interactions causes a second edge to emerge in the system. Our experiments suggest that topological pumps are promising platforms to gain insights in interaction-driven topological transitions, as well as topological quantum matter.


To release new sugarcane varieties with high yield and high sugar content and to solve the bottleneck problem of few sugarcane varieties in Guangxi,the variety-Guitang 38 has been bred by crossing Guitang 73167 as female parent with CP84-1198 as male parent through the breeding program of "Five Nursery System" protocol and were tested in both regional variety and production trials.The results of Guitang 38 in regional trials showed that the average cane yield of both planting and ratoon crop was 96.3 t/ha,increased by 4.34%,among which that of ratoon crop was 100.9 t/ha,increased by 11.5% in comparison with the control variety ROC22;the average sucrose content was 14.95% from Nov.to next Feb.,increased by 0.93%,and its average monthly sugar content was 13.76% in Nov.and 15.14% in Dec.,increased by 0.84% and 1.21% in comparison with the control,respectively;the average sugar yield of both planting and ratoon crop was 14.40 t/ha,increased by 11.29%,among which that of ratoon crop was 15.1 t/ha,increased by 17.8% in comparison with the control.Therefore,Guitang 38 has characteristics of early maturity,high yield,high-sugar content,good ratoon ability and wide adaptability,and can be grown on dry land with medium-high soil fertility and paddy fields in Guangxi.


It has often been reported that the impaired walking performance in people with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is not correlated to the leg blood flow, despite the importance of blood flow to exercise performance. In contrast, some aspects of muscle oxidative metabolism have been related to walking performance in PAD. The purpose of this study was to further explore these relationships in PAD with a particular focus on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. In 15 PAD patients (age=64.6± 8.5 y; weight=76.7± 16.3 kg), walking performance was tested on the treadmill using an incremental walking test, leg blood flow was tested at rest and after maximal calf exercise using venous occlusion plethysmography, and the mitochondrial ATP production rate (MAPR) using pyruvate, palmitoyl-carnitine, alpha-ketoglutarate and malate (PPKM) as substrates was measured on biopsy samples taken from the medial gastrocnemius muscle in the leg with the lowest ankle-brachial index (i.e.worst leg). The data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Semi-partial correlation analysis was used to assess the unique contribution of independent variables to the variation in walking performance. The pain-free walking time (3.12± 2.59 min) was positively correlated (P less than 0.05) with MAPR when expressed per mmol ATP/min/g protein (0.3902± 0.2145, r=0.583) and per mmol ATP/min/kg muscle (4.7703± 2.3081, r=0.519), negatively correlated with body weight (r= -0.493), but not correlated with calf blood flows. However, the pain-free walking time divided by body weight was positively correlated with resting calf blood flow in the best (3.607± 1.83 ml/100ml tissue/min; r=0.577) and worst leg (3.261± 1.103 ml/100ml tissue/min; r=0.613). The total walking time was not correlated with any of these variables. MAPR and body weight accounted for 29 % and 6 % of the variation in the pain-free walking time respectively. The resting blood flow in the worst leg accounted for 7 % of the variation in the pain-free walking time divided by the body weight. Therefore, of the variables measured, skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is the most important contributor to the difference in walking performance in people with PAD. This study was funded by the QUT and University of Queensland.


Segmented mirror method is widely adopted in large optical telescopes nowadays in the world. Using segmented mirrors to make up a large mirror requires the segmented mirrors co-focus. It needs corresponding co-focus detecting methods to measure the co-focus errors. In China this kind of research is insufficient nowadays. In the paper, Zernike polynomial is used as Optical-Mechanical Interface, with the help of the engineering softwares, such as UG, Patran, Matlab, and the optical software CODE V to model and simulate the widely used Shack-Hartmann method. The relationship between S-H measurement and segmented mirror co-focus is found. Finally, a computer aided design method for optical measuring of segmented mirror co-focus is proposed.


To reduce the drag rise on the advancing helicopter rotor blade tips, the tip of the blade is modified to have sweep, anhedral and pretwist. The equations of motion of rotor blade with these tip angles were derived using Hamilton principle, programmed using FORTRAN and named as ARMDAS(Advanced Rotorcraft Multidisplinary Design and Analysis System). Rotating frequency analysis of rotor blades with swept tipe was performed that is necessary in conceptual and preliminary design phases of the helicopter design. Vibration analysis of non-rotating blades was also accomplished and compared with MSC/NASTRAN resutls for the basis of comparison with the vibration test data. The rotating frequency analysis of blades with an actual rotor blade data was also performed to verify coded program and to check the possibility of a resonance of an actual rotor blade at the specific rotating speed.


The Ugaritic ritual-text KTU 1.161 (=RS 43.126) focuses upon themes of kingship and royal dynasty, however, the ritual's important role in dynastic succession has remained an undeveloped aspect in studies of the text. The context of the ritual is the wake of Niqmaddu's death, and this event served as acknowledgement of the defunct king's heir: Ammurapi. Thus, the ritual action of the text contains two foci that involve the dead king and the successor (and living) king. Contained within the text are acts of mourning and commemoration that are related to the defunct king Niqmadu. A re-analysis of the term "'atra" and a new interpretation of the preposition "tahta" will provide the basis for understanding Ammurapi's involvement in the ritual. The purpose of this essay is to describe in more precise terms the ritual context of the text, to identify the role of the Ammurapi within the ritual (he is only mentioned by name once), and ultimately to explain the political significance of the event.


Firewall and intrusion detection system are the two widely used network security productions currently.The paper discusses the developing trends of network security technology by introducing the basic problems of firewall,just as mode conversion,function extension as well as performance improvement,specifying the application of IDS and IPS in intrusion detection technology.


L Aouinti1, FDS Boukraa2, S Chirane2 and S Mohand Arab2 1 Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry (LCP), University of Sciences and Technology Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO.MB), B.P. 1505 El Menaouer, Oran 31000, Algeria 2 Laboratory of Physics-Chemistry of Materials (L.P.C.M): Catalyse and Environment, University of Sciences and Technology Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO.MB), B.P. 1505 El Menaouer, Oran 31000, Algeria


Milkfish is one of fishery commodity that has big enough potency to be developed. But there are some obstacles in the development process, which one is feed. Feed becomes one of the limiting factors in milkfish cultivation, especially in hatchery business. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the milkfish cultivation by using Artemia salina in capsule form with vitamin C cultivation as natural food of milkfish at the time of hatchery. The purpose of this study is to know how the effect of feeding Artemia salina in capsule form with the addition of vitamin C and to know how the effect of feeding Artemia salina in the form of capsules with the addition of vitamins to the growth rate of milkfish seeds. The design used was a complete randomized block design (RAKL) factorial pattern, with 2 treatment factors ie feeding time and Artemia salina dose. The data were analyzed using ANOVA at 5% significance and continued with the Smallest Differential Differential Test (DMRT).The result showed that the feeding of Artemia with the addition of vitamin C 400 mg/L at 08.00 am increased the average length and weight of milkfish juvenile after treatment compared to others time feeding. On the other hand, the best time feeding for the rate of lenght and weight of milkfish juvenile was observed at 16.00 pm.In general, it can be conclucded that the feeding of Artemia with the addition of vitamin C 400 mg/L at 16.00 WIB effectively increased the average length and weight of milkfish juvenile after treatments.


The continuing popularity of nonverbal films holds great promise for deaf Americans. But, ironic as it may seem, nonverbal films are not automatically understandable to hearing-impaired viewers. Reason: audio/cultural elements such as music, sound effects, animation, length, and country of origin. To find out which of those factors hinder and help utilization, a diversity of titles was compared and analyzed. The resulting conclusions provide specific criteria for predicting which nonverbal films are most likely to be functional in reaching deaf students. The same materials should be equally valid for other language-impaired children and would be doubly useful within mainstreamed classrooms. This study is preliminary only, but believed worthy of further research.


This paper investigates the reliable H∞ filtering problem for a class of mixed time‐delay systems with stochastic nonlinearities and multiplicative noises. The mixed delays comprise both discrete time‐varying and distributed delays. The stochastic nonlinearities in the form of statistical means cover several well‐studied nonlinear functions. The multiplicative disturbances are in the form of a scalar Gaussian white noise with unit variance. Furthermore, the failures of sensors are quantified by a variable varying in a given interval. In the presence of mixed delays, stochastic nonlinearities, and multiplicative noises, sufficient conditions for the existence of a reliable H ∞ filter are derived, such that the filtering error dynamics is asymptotically mean‐square stable and also achieves a guaranteed H ∞ performance level. Then, a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach for designing such a reliable H ∞ filter is presented. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed theoretical results.


Due to the extension and concentration of the days in holiday,market and socialization of sport industry and the form of holiday economy in China are devoted.In order to provide reference to such research,this paper analyses the form conditions of sports economy during holiday form five fields such as economic,time,policy,thought tand sport market,as well as the characteristic of holiday sport economy in the theory.


The bastard in the Middle-Ages was the one who supported the legal disqualification of a defectus natalium because he was born outside of wedlock; he was consequently excluded from the perimeter of the hereditas. The bodily determination of discourse on not only natural but also legitimate filiation which alone would prolong the body and the blood of the father invites us to question the way that the canonists had to say kinship, then to inscribe the bastard, a natua Université d'Angers


The entire international trade function of the U.S. Customs is computer driven. Through Automated Broker Interface (ABI), which generates trade information for all branches of the federal government, its relationship with customs brokers is also automated by sharing database information. The development of ABI in the mid-1980s led to Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), which brings shippers and carriers into the automation loop. While a very high percentage of broker entries go through ABI, however, less than 10% are handled through EDI. The reasons for the slowness of shippers in taking to EDI are discussed, with cost being the major factor. It is predicted that EDI will nevertheless come into more universal use when industries adopt a common standard for bar-code inscription.


The French philosopher Jean Paul Sartre once said that to be an intellectual, one has to be in the midst of the struggle of the toiling masses: to be a part of the oppressed, to work for their causes, to link up with the sufferings, visions, and actions of the peasantry, the proletariat, the indigenous peoples, the colonized peoples, et cetera. Few can meet Sartre's definition, but in three decades as a social scientist, doctor, and public health advocate, Howard Waitzkin has made a valiant attempt. He is truly an "intellectual for the disadvantaged." Howard Waitzkin's long-standing academic as well as political commitment to the causes and the suffering of the oppressed stemmed from a personal experience which demonstrated the painfully social nature of illness in modem society: the death of his grandfather, to whom he dedicated his second book, The Second Sickness: Contradictions of Capitalist Health Care (1983). Abe Waitzkin was a house-painter and union organizer in Ohio who died tragically of liver cancer brought on by toxic solvents used to thin paint. Ironically, though Abe's union had requested govemmental monitoring of the very chemicals that killed him, the request had gone unheeded. As Abe was dying, his doctors trapped him in a web of lies and distortions which left him confused and dispirited. While most Americans view familial tragedies as isolated cases of "bad luck," Howard's early "sociological imagination" allowed him to recognize the death of his beloved grandfather for what it was: a rather typical manifestation of the contradictions and inequalities which inhere in the capitalist system of production and distribution.


Set in a context of colonization, Butterfly Burning is a fictional work that digs out the colonized"s mind to illustrate the brutality and unfairness of a ruthless system that gangrenes a whole community"s reason of existence. This paper which finds ground on the theory of "the paradox of silence" as it is defined by Maurice Zundel, highlights a reflexion based on the social and political meaning of the praxis of silence among men and women who are deprived of the backbone of their raison d'être. It focuses on the built-in meaning attached to framework, sex and music in an ambient world silenced by the readable and audible voice of voicelessness.


Summary form only given. Overlapping multi-pulse pulse position modulation (OMPPM) is a modulation scheme to achieve a higher throughput than other conventional modulation schemes. Ohtsuki, Sasase and Mori (see Conf. Rec. ICC'93, p.1123-1127, 1993) analyzed OPPM in a noiseless photon counting channel and showed that it outperforms other conventional modulations. The optical channel is often modeled by a noiseless photon counting channel, but noise due to background and/or detector dark currents exists in a practical optical channel. However, the performance of OMPPM in a noisy photon counting channel has not been clarified. The article analyzes the cutoff rate performance of OMPPM in a noisy photon counting channel.<<ETX>>


The blind have so many inconveniences in their lives. In recent years, more and more blind sidewalks are designed and built for them. This is good news for the blind. However, people would consciously or unconsciously leave some stuff on the blind sidewalk. Therefore, the occupation of blind sidewalk is a serious problem gradually. We decided to develop an application on smartphone to help the blind to avoid troubles referred above. Within the camera on the smartphone, the application detects obstacles on the blind sidewalk based on image processing and warns the blind that there are obstacles in front of him. This paper proposed an approach on detecting the direction of blind sidewalk after the blind leave the blind sidewalk to avoid the obstacles. We used several algorithms of image processing and conduct several experiments to exam this system.


In the era of the development of computer technology, methods were created that enable teaching, not only through direct contact with the student, but also through the computer network and the Internet. In order for this to be possible, programs allowing this type of activity had to be created. They are to model the operating conditions of electronic and measurement systems in virtual space as much as possible. Such programs must reflect the operation of such systems under operating conditions, taking into account disturbing signals. They should also be adapted to remote work via the Internet. In the era of epidemics, when the possibilities of teaching in the classical form are very limited or impossible, simulation programs working in a network environment may make sense. The results of modeling the operation of systems in virtual reality and the created measurement systems can be sent electronically. This allows their verification with the laboratory teacher and joint work on the project by a group of students during the laboratory classes.


During B-lymphocyte development, antigen engagement of the B-cell receptor (BCR) propagates signals promoting cell growth, survival, andmaturation. Naı̈ve follicular B cells expressmembranebound immunoglobulins of the immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgD isotype, which rely on the associated Iga and Igb for signal transduction. On T cell-dependent antigen-induced activation within the germinal center (GC), most B cells undergo isotype switching, mainly to IgG, and differentiate into Ig-secreting plasma cells or memory B cells. T-cell help is oftenmediated throughCD40, which serves as a costimulatory signal for B-cell growth, somatic hypermutation, and isotype switching. GC-B and memory B cells that express IgG, which has a much longer cytoplasmic tail than IgM and IgD, displaymore robust signaling onBCR activation, including higher levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase and calcium signaling, than naı̈ve IgM-expressing B cells, although the precise mechanistic differences between IgGand IgM-mediated signals are still debated. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), representing the most common lymphoid malignancy in adults, derive from antigen-experienced B cells. DLBCLs with a more aggressive phenotype often commandeer BCR signaling in an antigen-independent fashion, and the BCR isotype is well correlated with B-cell lymphoma subtypes and disease progression. Although several oncogenes are often dysregulated in DLBCL, the mechanism that links BCR signaling, elevated oncoprotein expression, and lymphoma progression remains unknown. Signaling through the BCR triggers the activation of downstream pathways includingRas/Raf/MEK/Erk,AKT/MTOR, andp70s6K. MTORC1 phosphorylates and releases eIF4E-binding proteins (4EBPs), allowing eIF4E to bind eIF4G and the mRNA cap. Another substrate ofMTORC1 is p70s6K, which enhances the RNA helicase activity of eIF4A by phosphorylating EIF4B, allowing it to subsequently bind eIF4A. p70s6K also phosphorylates the eIF4A inhibitor PDCD4, which results in its bTRCP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, freeing eIF4A for mRNA binding and cap-complex formation. Significantly, 86% of PDCD4 mice succumb toB-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of different B-cell compartments demonstrated that GC B cells have markedly repressed PDCD4 expression. A recent study demonstrated that the eIF4A cofactor,EIF4B, is overexpressed in DLBCL and results in the selective upregulation of mRNAs encoding antiapoptotic and DNA repair proteins. Conversely, the eIF4A inhibitors Hippuristanol and Silvestrol have shown a large degree of B-cell specificity and promise in treating B-cell malignancies.


Current phenomenological research describes attention as three-dimensional structure of theme, context, and margin. It is obvious that attention is no longer conceived as only pertaining to thematizing (focusing, selecting) certain data. In phenomenology of Gurwitsch and its current proponents, attention is given a role of organizing the total field of consciousness. This expansion of the notion of attention in phenomenology brought about the need to describe the dimensions of attentive consciousness beyond the point of focal attention, that is, to focus on the context. The goal of this paper is to show that in phenomenology an attempt to thematize the dimension of context faces a problem: it is impossible to thematize context without making it a theme, that is, no longer having it as the context. This problem, though having major consequences for the theory of attention, has been completely ignored in current phenomenological research on attention. This paper turns to Husserl's Analysis Concerning Passive and Active Synthesis to find the roots of this problem. It is shown that, in this early stage of phenomenological research of attention, the problem of thematization of context was already evident, but Husserl chose to ignore it, thus bringing about the trend of phenomenological descriptions of contextual attention done without the necessary methodological precision.


This data set contains point and line features of topographic information for 12 sections around and including the Village of Kewaskum. The topographic features consist of geodetic and geographic reference elements, hydrographic elements, planimetric elements, and hypsometric elements. An additional set of features called map sheet elements are included to allow preparation of hard-copy cartographic products. The data set covers sections 3-5, 8-10, 15-17, and 20-22 in T12N R19E. The digital map files were prepared at one-inch-equals-200-feet scale. The digital map files are in MicroStation DGN format.


An agricultural greenhouse is an environment to ensure intensive agricultural production. The favorable climatological conditions (temperature, lighting, humidity ...) for agricultural production must be reproduced in a non-natural way by controlling these parameters using several actuators (heating/air conditioning, ventilation, and humidifier/ dehumidifier). The objective of this study is to control the humidity inside the greenhouse; it is a problem that remains to be negotiated. To that end, an actuator based on a humidifier and a dehumidifier was installed in an experimental greenhouse and activated by a fuzzy logic controller to achieve the desired optimal indoor humidity in the greenhouse.


Recently,with the acceleration of urbanization drive in China,the infringement cases of the damage inflicted by objects falling from high buildings are not rare.Therefore,it is necessary to pay more attention to the handling of such cases.Firstly,this paper makes clear the definition and nature of the damage resulting from the objects falling from high buildings.Then,it analyzes its liability,and finds the obvious deficiency of the handling of this case in accordance with Clause 87 of the Tort Liability Law.Finally,it puts forward some suggestions to perfect the process for current legal relief and to establish the tort relief fund for the damage by the objects falling from high buildings.


In the article the basic differences of the Belgian variant of French from normative French in France at the level of vocabulary are examined. The main word-formation models adopted from different languages, and also some archaisms that no longer exist in French of France, are presented. Examples of word-formation models by means of affixation, compound words, and also semantic derivation are given. Archaisms that mainly correspond to the field of law, and also to some extent to the common language are considered. In Belgian French an important number of words, formed with help of affixes, used in French of France, can be found. The difference is that words of modern coinage that we get in this way, don't exist in French of France. It is shown, that in everyday language of Brussels some diminutival elements of Flemish origin are used. There exist a lot of words, that have different meanings in Belgian French and in French of France, i.e. semantic Belgicisms. It is proved that borrowings in Belgian French are conditioned by geographical situation and administrative arrangement of Belgium, and also by the fact that Belgium was under the governance of Spain and Austria for a long time. Different  examples of Flemish and English borrowings are given, as well as the reasons for their appearance. The multitude of dialectal and sociological variants, that specificate Belgian French, establish a framework for deeper studies of French, as it has multifaceted character. It is concluded that in French language studies the existence of different norms of French should be considered, that are conditioned by the existence of different variants of French in different French-speaking countries. Key words: linguistic norm, vocabulary, word formation, borrowings, archaisms, didactics.


Woodward's Commitment to Diversity Our Commitment to Diversity Woodward values the diversity of every member of the company. An increasingly competitive global business environment provides an opportunity for Woodward to embrace and respect individual differences. Our diversity strategy improves business res


The purpose of this study is to see the efficiency of the national zakat institutions  in the collection of funds and distribution. Dompet Dhuafa is one of the national zakat institutions  which has branch office spread  in Indonesia. The problem  is how efficient is the institution of zakat when collecting zakat funds and channeling it. This research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method with two test that is test for zakat fund and test to non-zakat fund. Input variables consist of receipts obtained by zakat institutions, while the output variables consist of expenditures for 8 asnaf and other expenditures. Data taken from Dompet Dhuafa financial statements from 2011 to 2015. The results of this study addressed  in 2011, 2014 and 2015 Dompet Dhuafa in collecting and disbursing zakat funds and non-zakat funds have been efficient. Inefficiencies that occur in the year 2012 and 2013 due to not optimal channeling of funds from Dompet Dhuafa.


Prognostic systems analysis is widely applied to generate "sharp" projections into the future. However, prognostic scenarios and "sharp" futures are a physical impossibility!

The key questions arising are (1) whether it is possible to determine the Heisenberg-like relation of a model; and (2) whether it is even possible to determine the model's characteristic unsharpness regime by learning from the past?


An incompressible fully developed laminar flow in a helical rectangular duct having finite pitch and curvature with temperature-dependent viscosity under heating condition is studied in this work. Both the cases of one wall heated and four walls heated are studied. The cross-sectional dimensions of the rectangular duct are 2a and 2b. The aspect ratio n=2b/2a is 0.5. Water is used as the fluid and Reynolds number (Re) is varied in the range of 100 to 400. The secondary flow with temperature-dependent viscosity is enhanced markedly as compared to constant viscosity. An additional pair of vortices is obtained near the center of the outer wall at Re=400 for the model of four walls heated with temperature-dependent viscosity, y, while for constant viscosity, the appearance of two additional vortices near the outer wall cannot be found. Besides, the axial velocity decreases and the temperature increases at the central region of the rectangular duct when the temperature-dependent viscosity is considered. Due to the decrease of the viscosity near the walls, the friction factor obtained with temperature-dependent viscosity is lower than that of constant viscosity, while the convective heat transfer for temperature-dependent viscosity is significantly enhanced owing to the strengthened secondary flow. Especially for four heated walls, the effects of viscosity variation on the flow resistance and heat transfer are more significant.


Self-determination theory(SDT; Deci Ryan,1985a; 2000) is a macro-theory of human motivation and personality.As one of the most important motivational theories,SDT has drawn a lot of interests among researchers from different countries and various disciplines.However,it has not received enough attention from Chinese researchers.The current study gave a systematic review on the literatures relating to SDT which published in both Chinese journals and English journals that with Chinese as participants.It is found that the Chinese papers are mainly review studies,whereas all English papers are empirical studies.In addition,most of these studies are related to education,sport and exercise,organization/management,and psychological health.Further studies should examine the application of SDT among Chinese populations in other fields and investigate the social and individual factors that influence Chinese people's satisfaction of basic psychological needs,formation of goal content,and internalization of motivation.


Abstract In the face of growing social inequality, social entrepreneurship (SE) is considered to be a sustainable way to account for unmet social needs. Research acknowledges that SE-intention is an important prerequisite for SE-activity but there is only limited knowledge about the mechanisms of SE-intention formation. Despite theories with a cognitive focus like the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) having been shown to be able to predict SE-intention, the influence of an individual's goal orientations, i.e. one`s personal values, on the choice to pursue a career as a social entrepreneur has been largely neglected. By integrating the TPB and Basic Human Values Theory, we investigate the mechanisms through which personal values are related to SE-intentions. Structural-Equation-Analyses with a sample of German university students (N = 1,326) yielded positive direct effects for the personal value dimensions of openness and self-transcendence, and negative direct effects for conservation and self-enhancement on SE-intention. Furthermore, indirect effects of self-transcendence and self-enhancement via the TPB-components emerged. Further research is needed to consolidate our findings and examine potential intercultural differences of value influences on SE-intention formation. The practical implications are that the educators of potential social entrepreneurs should invest more effort in securing a fit of personal values and the values that reinforce SE. Furthermore, our results highlight that making women aware of the possibility of combining social and financial value goals in SE could increase the number of female entrepreneurs.


Abstract : The current study will identify D-methionine (D-met) dose and delayed time otoprotective response from steady state and impulse noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The third year was dedicated to completing data analysis from Year 2 and to further define maximum time delay for D-met post-noise rescue protection from permanent NIHL and to determine if additional D-met dosing for another 48 hours can improve post-noise rescue protection at the first rescue time with suboptimal protection. Groups of Chinchillas laniger (n = 10) received five intraperitoneal D-met (200 mg/kg/dose) every 12 hours beginning 28 or 32 hours after steady state or impulse. D-met otoprotection was assessed by auditory brainstem response (ABR) analysis and outer hair cell (OHC) quantification. ABR analyses identified 28 hour rescue as the first sub-optimal rescue dose time. Additional D-met administration at 28 hour rescue significantly recovered the lost protection in steady state noise-exposed animals. Histological cytocochleogram analysis is still in progress to confirm electrophysiological assessment.


Software convex cam, a new conception, implements the function of convex cam by using software according to the development of software machinery. This paper introduces the theory and application of software convex cam, analyzes the design means of the machinery convex cam, compares software convex cam with convex cam to find out the software convex cam has much advantages, such as error-free machining, error-free abrasion, stable curve shape and convenient design, flexible parameter modification, quick response. At last it introduces a practical software convex cam.


Abstract Background Outdoor education (OE) is a teaching method aiming to promote children's learning, physical activity (PA) and wellbeing. OE in green areas may further increase positive effects. There is little knowledge on use of OE and its possible effects in a Finnish context. Also, there is a need to evaluate OE from a teacher perspective. The aim of the LärMiljö-study is to: a) survey the use of OE in Swedish-language primary schools and investigate factors related to its use; b) investigate the associations between OE and PA, wellbeing, nature relations and learning among children aged 9-13 years, considering other related factors. Methods The self-determination theory (SDT) is used as theoretical framework. Data is collected via electronic surveys in Swedish-language primary schools, including: a) national surveys among principals and teachers; b) surveys among children and guardians. Children's PA is measured for a 7-day period via accelerometers and a diary is kept. Teachers keep a class diary on OE provided. Academic tests are performed. Data will be analyzed using quantitative methods. Results This abstract describes the study protocol. The investigation of associations between OE and outcomes among children is mainly done by comparing classes that regularly use OE with classes that do not. Main outcomes are PA, psychosocial wellbeing, academic performance and nature connectedness; secondary outcomes are school motivation, social relations and sleep. Teachers' experience and use of OE is explored, as is perceived effects of and barriers to OE use. Based on SDT, associations between OE and need satisfaction at work, competence, motivation and work engagement are studied. Conclusions The study represents a unique opportunity to explore OE use in primary schools, its effects among children and teachers, and what the supporting and hindering factors for its use are. The study contributes knowledge that can be used to promote learning and wellbeing in school. Key messages • Outdoor education in primary school may promote schoolchildren's learning, physical activity, wellbeing and nature relation, but more knowledge is needed, including the perspective of teachers. • The LärMiljö-study will broaden the understanding of the potential effects of OE in primary education and school health promotion, and on factors supporting and hindering its use.


The main lithology of the formation under Permian in Malang sag is basalt, with the characteristic of strong abrasive and low drillability the ROP (rate of penetration) is low. This paper based on drillability experiment of the core from oilfield, established rock drillability model, computed the drillability grade of cone bit and PDC bits, optimized the bit combined with the bit structural features, the result indicates that in the basalt formation under Permian with low ROP the ROP enhanced more than 50% using the recommended bit, the research improved ROP drastically, shorten the drilling cycle, which attained the aim of excellent and fast drilling, and has an important instruction meaning for bit optimization of basalt formation.