Investigations in animal models can help to understand and improve deep brain stimulation treatments for neuropsychiatric disease. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), in which an electrode is implanted permanently for stimulation of the brain, is used successfully to treat Parkinson's disease. The method is being actively investigated for use in obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, addiction, and other psychiatric diseases. This review outlines how stimulation of the brain in animals exhibiting analogs to these human pathological behaviors can model these applications of DBS and shows that results from these studies can help optimize DBS treatment and dissect its therapeutic mechanisms. During treatment with deep brain stimulation (DBS), electrical current is delivered into the brain parenchyma through implanted electrodes. Although this technique is routinely used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, a growing number of neuropsychiatric applications for DBS are being investigated. Investigators can use animal models of these diseases to study the mechanisms through which DBS exerts its effects, to explore new applications of this therapy, and to identify and characterize alternative stimulation targets. Here, we discuss preclinical DBS research that provides insight into the mechanisms underlying cognitive and psychiatric applications of this technique, emphasizing the predictive validity of animal models and their potential use in translational research.


The battered women's movement lost a great leader and visionary when Susan Schechter died of endrometrial cancer in 2004. Schechter's legacy reminds advocates for battered women of how efforts to develop safe places for battered women began, the context of those times, how far we have come, and how far we still have to go. Her pioneering work in the area of the overlap between child maltreatment and adult domestic violence and services to children who are exposed to domestic violence has left the social work profession with a challenging agenda that must be met to create safety for all women and children


Although providing print-related props in early childhood learning centers is a well-established practice for increasing young children's literacy experiences, providing opportunities for literacy development during outdoor play is not as common. Teachers can quickly address this missed opportunity with a few simple additions to their outdoor play area. These practical and economical outdoor activities described in this article require negligible or no expense, minimal preparation, and little clean-up. In contrast, they provide abundant motivation and continuous inspiration for reading and writing. These suggestions, which are accompanied by a list of books for outdoor reading, are meant to serve as a springboard for other original ideas. Because the only boundaries are one's own resourcefulness and creativity, there is no limit to the number of possibilities for taking literacy learning outdoors.


We call a data-transformation system any system that maps, translates and exchanges data across different representations. Nowadays, data architects are faced with a large variety of transformation tasks, and there is huge number of different approaches and systems that were conceived to solve them. As a consequence, it is very important to be able to evaluate such alternative solutions, in order to pick up the right ones for the problem at hand. To do this, we introduce IQ-Meter, the first comprehensive tool for the evaluation of data-transformation systems. IQ-Meter can be used to benchmark, test, and even learn the best usage of data-transformation tools. It builds on a number of novel algorithms to measure the quality of outputs and the human effort required by a given system, and ultimately measures "how much intelligence" the system brings to the solution of a data-translation task.


This paper evaluates power efficiency of TE link dormant mode in optical transport network, considering daily traffic variability and GMPLS protocol. The proposed TE link dormant mode tries to let data links comprised the TE link transfer into the dormant state according to several selection criteria considering either the power consumption parameter of each link and their positioning in the network topology. The total energy saving is 35% on the energy efficient WSON test bed.


Among The Wide range of issues analyzed by Arab scholars, there is a significant interest in the political economy of the Middle East. The impact of globalization on national sovereignty is a particularly strong concern, which is addressed in four studies that were published in Beirut in 1997.


An optical driven actuator has a feature of a non-contact for applying light energy remotely. A laser trapping and a laser manipulation for small particles are powerful tool for nano-micro bio-technology. Nowadays, vectorial vortex attracts the attention of a laser trapping and a laser manipulation for small particles because it can rotate the particle by polarization. In this paper, a spatially variant polarized beam called vectorial vortex array is proposed. The mechanism of generation of the spatially variant polarized beam is examined the properties of polarization on beam profile. The generation mechanism of the beam consists of phenomena of the polarization and the interference. The vectorial vortex array is converted to different spatially variant polarized beams by adding a half wave plate. Their polarized beams are shown in experimentally.


Purpose: The current clinical treatment protocol for bone healing applies super-physiological dose of rhBMP7. Unfortunately, it may result in adverse side effects. Some studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent osteogenic differentiation using rodent bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs). However, the dose effect of BMP7 on osteogenic differentiation of normal human BMSCs is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs with a gradient concentration of rhBMP7. The interaction between rhBMP7 and osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM) was also examined. Method: The primary BMSCs from human bone marrow were cultured and maintained in MSC growth medium (MGM). Six study groups were designed: MGM only, MGM with rhBMP7 of 0.1ug/ml, ODM only, and ODM with 3 concentration of rhBMP7 of 0.01μg/ml, 0.1μg/ml, and 1.0μg/ml, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase level (ALP) at day 17 and cumulative calcium deposit at both day 17 and day 35 were examined. mRNA expression level of osteogenic markers including osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN) and ALP were quantified using real-time RT-PCR at day 17. Results: ALP activity at day17 did not increase in MGM with or without 0.1μg/ml of rhBMP7, ODM alone and ODM with 0.01μg/ml of rhBMP7. ALP activity was much higher with 0.1μg/ml of rhBMP7 plus ODM (0.22±0.02IU) than that in MGM with 0.1μg/ml of rhBMP7 (0.01±0.01IU, P Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that rhBMP7 induced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of ODM and the minimal dose for inducing in vitro osteoblastic differentiation was 0.1ug/ml of rhBMP7 under synergistic effect of ODM. The results of this study provide some insights into further investigation of synergy of rhBMP7 with other molecules. The types and amounts of simple molecules could significantly reduce therapeutic dose of rhBMP7 and achieve equivalent or better outcomes in clinical application warrant further investigation.


Reliable estimates of the oil and gas potentials of frontier areas can be made by combining statistical analyses of petroleum data from well-explored basins world-wide with models of hydrocarbon-generation processes. The combined techniques, together with the data collected, have to be guided by a systematic approach in order to produce statistically-regular results.


Industry pollution is foremost evident ecological problems old by currently in industrialized developing country and majority of freshly industrializing economies face it in these days. India's structure of industry has undergone varied changes mainly since there was reformation in economic. However, India have no major reformation of environment were initiated to require into thought impact in adjusting industry pattern on environment. Therefore, India has necessity to analyse environmental impact in sector of industry. Since different industry has different pollution potential, this paper has taken glance at the past, present and future composition of industrial performance. Victimization Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI), the commercial clusters/areas can be categorized on the basis of priority. Finally, we tend to conclude by suggesting policy reforms which square measure required for encouraging additional economical utilization of resources and work off from scarce resource and adoption of technologies and practices which minimize environmental impact.


The majority of adult diets in the United States do not meet recommendations for consumption of whole grains (3), putting these individuals at increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases (10). Poor diet quality, inadequate consumption of whole grains, and chronic diseases are particularly prevalent in the impoverished rural South (1,7,9,12). Hence, dietary interventions designed to address nutrition inadequacies and thereby improve diet quality could lower chronic disease prevalence in this region of the country. Assessing a population's diet quality is a necessary step for determining nutrition inadequacies and subsequently designing effective dietary interventions that address these problems. The Healthy Eating Index–2005 (HEI-2005) is a tool that assesses diet quality in terms of adherence to the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Whole grains are among the 2005 and 2010 DGA key recommendations for food groups to encourage (10,11). However, little research has been conducted to determine the potential impact of whole grain for refined grain substitutions on diet quality. Hence, the objective of this study was to use simulation modeling to determine the effects of substituting familiar, more healthful whole grain foods for less healthy, refined grain foods on diet quality and total energy intake in lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) adults. Analyses were performed using data from the Foods of Our Delta Study (FOODS), a cross-sectional telephone survey of residents in a 36-county LMD region that was conducted from January to June 2000 (2). Dietary intake data were collected using the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 24-hour dietary recall multiple pass methodology with the assistance of a foods measurement guide that had been mailed to study participants. Dietary intake data were collected for 1,751 adults (18 years of age and older) using a single 24-hour recall. However, only plausible (500 ≤ intake kcal ≤ 6,000) 24-hour recalls were used for this study (13). The HEI-2005, a scoring method designed to measure adherence to the 2005 DGA (5), was used to measure diet quality. Briefly, the HEI-2005 is composed of 12 components corresponding to total fruit, whole fruit, total vegetables, dark green and orange vegetables and legumes, total grains, whole grains, milk, meat and beans, oils, saturated fat, sodium, and kcal from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars (SoFAAS). The total score, calculated as the sum of the component scores, has a maximum value of 100. For each component, higher scores reflect better adherence to DGA recommendations corresponding to that component. All foods selected as substitutions were deemed familiar foods based on their inclusion in the FOODS data set. White breads, rolls, biscuits, and spaghetti were replaced with their whole wheat counterparts, and white rice was replaced with brown rice. To simulate the effects of substituting 25, 50, and 100% of targeted foods with their replacements on HEI-2005 total and component scores, the targeted items' nutrient profiles were reduced by the respective amounts for the analyses and the replacement items' nutrient profiles were inserted at the corresponding level. The nutrient profiles for the replacement foods were extracted from the FOODS data set. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (version 9.2, SAS Institute) and SUDAAN software (version 10.0.1, Research Triangle Institute). SAS survey and SUDAAN procedures were used to compute frequencies, means, and their associated 95% confidence intervals. These procedures are tailored to account for the complex sampling design used in FOODS. Hence, the results are weighted and should be considered representative of the LMD adult population. The population ratio method was used to compute mean HEI-2005 scores and corresponding 95% confidence intervals using jackknife variances for the overall population. It is the least biased way to estimate a mean HEI-2005 score for a population (4). Sixty-two of the 1,751 LMD respondents were excluded due to implausible dietary records, resulting in a total sample size of 1,689 adults. The sample was composed of 48% males, 43% African Americans, 21% < 30 years of age, and 23% ≥ 60 years of age. Approximately one-fourth (23%) of the sample's household income was under $15,000 per year and 23% of the sample had less than a high school education. Almost one-fourth (24%) of the respondents were current smokers and 18% were former smokers. Based on self-reported heights and weights, 67% of the sample was either overweight (25.0 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9) or obese (BMI ≥ 40.0). The mean daily energy intake for the LMD adult respondents was 2,010 kcal. 1 Corresponding author. USDA Agricultural Research Service. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 2 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago. Affiliated with USDA Agricultural Research Service at the time this work was completed.


For groundwater evaluation, delineation, discovery, and resource management in drought and flood zones, the geographical information system (GIS) has a wide range of uses. For the study area, various thematic layers were prepared, such as a digital elevation map (DEM), geomorphology, LULC, soil, drainage density, precipitation, and slope. The thematic layers were combined using the WIOA technique. The possible areas for groundwater have been demarcated into four zones: 1-poor, 2-moderate, 3-good, and 4-very good. In the eastern parts of the district, very strong (GWPZs) were found, while in the west and mid regions, moderate and bad categories were found. Drought and flood potential danger areas were divided into four zones: 1-no risk, 2-low risk, 3-moderate risk, and 4-high risk. In the middle part of the region, there was a higher risk of drought and a reduced risk of flooding in the eastern part of the area, an elevated risk of flooding in the eastern part of the area, and a lower to no risk of flooding in the western and central regions. The groundwater, drought, and flood potential zonation map built in the present study will be useful for scholars, and implementers in exploring appropriate water exploration locations and implementing resource utilization.


The executive meeting of the State Council decided that from the fall semester of 2014,all graduate students will pay their tuition. This policy will have a certain impact on college students who want to participate in the Graduate Entrance Examinations. Under the new situation,we should analyze the mentality problems of the college students to help them understand the current employment situation so that they can make rational choices for individuals' development.


The invention discloses a finger device of a composite underactuated double-joint robot with a differential-motion bevel gear system, belonging to the technical field of humanoid robot hands. The finger device comprises a base, a motor, a speed reducer, a base shaft, a near joint shaft, a middle finger section, a far joint shaft, a tail-end finger section, a double-linked bevel gear and a spring piece. In the device, a single motor, a differential-motion bevel gear transmission mechanism and the spring piece are adopted to comprehensively realize the effect of composite underactuated capture, namely the fingers capture an object in a coupling rotating mode firstly ad then capture the object in a self-adaption manner; the capture process is humanized, the action is nimble, the object can be captured stably, the objects with different size and shapes can be captured in an automatically adaptive manner; the finger device has low requirements to a control system and is controlled easily; furthermore, the finger device has a simple and compact structure, little energy loss, high transmission efficiency and low cost, can be controlled accurately, is convenient to assemble and maintain, has similar appearance as the hands of a human body and is suitable for the humanoid robot hands.


Background: Inappropriate surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) practice increases patients' morbidity, healthcare cost, and antimicrobial resistance. Several guidelines have been published to set guidance for SAP before endourological procedures. Such guidelines include the American Urological Association (AUA, 2019) and the European Association of Urology (EAU, 2020). Literature reported that compliance with the recommendations of these guidelines has been suboptimal.
Aims: to investigate healthcare professionals' (HCPs) perspectives on the barriers to international guideline adherence regarding SAP for endourological procedures and the potential strategies to optimize adherence to guidelines recommendations.
Methodology: This study was a qualitative study based on face-to-face semi-structured interviews conducted with urologists in multiple medical centers across Jordan using a preformulated interview guide regarding barriers and facilitators to the adherence to international guidelines of preoperative SAP during endourological procedures.
Results: Nineteen urologists were interviewed. Interviews identified many barriers influencing HCP adherence to guidelines, these included factors related to patients, HCPs, the healthcare system, or other external barriers. Also, during the interviews, HCPs suggested many strategies to enhance SAP practice which included increasing patients' awareness about their actual need for antibiotics, providing training sessions for HCPs about appropriate SAP before endourological procedures, developing national guidelines and conducting local clinical studies, and promoting awareness of the clinical pharmacist's role. In addition to imposing national policy to control antibiotic use and prevent over-the-counter (OTC) prescriptions.
Conclusion: Factors related to nonadherence to guidelines were determined. Such knowledge will constitute the backbone for planning appropriate antimicrobial stewardship programs that involve all stakeholders and address all those aspects to optimize SAP prescribing and reduce antibiotic misuse.


The paper considers the prospects for application of the bioindicative method of the age determination in glacial moraines liсhenometry based on the use of epilithic lichen growth data. This method can be efficiently applied in monitoring of natural processes occurring in the high-mountain territories of the Central Caucasus.


This paper proposes a new method for trajectory planning of a mobile robot with 3D image processing. Recent advances of computer technology make it possible to realize a real time feedback of visual information in motion control system. In almost all methods, it is assumed that environment and/or shape of obstacles are given. In the practical implementation, however, this assumption restricts the robot motion to realize a desired task. To address the above issue, this paper introduces level set method (LSM) to recognize 3D shape of unknown obstacle. The proposed approach has a simplified image processing and is easily applicable to motion control of the mobile robot.


In the recent years,with the rapid development of foreign trade,trade friction of China has transformed from the microcosmic aspects of enterprise to the macroscopical aspects of government,and the countervailing investigation has become a new hotspot in China.This paper studies the accusation and investigation actuality of foreign countries exerting countervailing measures to China from the year of 2004,then analyses the character,reason and impact to China of the accusation and investigation actuality of foreign countries exerting countervailing measures,at last put forward dynamic one four-wing linkage mechanism of countervailing.


UNOS ADHESIVES ARE PROVIDED WITH POLIURETANOS an aqueous dispersion of anionic surfactants having a heat resistance HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURE ACTIVATION, even when used without the addition of A degrader. POLYURETHANE IS THE RESULT OF A POLYMER REACTION terminated polyurethane ISOCINATO, and expander of strings. The polyurethane prepolymer IS THE RESULT OF REACTION a polyol component and a component of DIISOCITANATO, including component POLIOL THE FOLLOWING ITEMS: a polyester polyol sulfonated, A carboxylic acid HYDROXIDE the formula: (HO) {SUBX, } R (COOH) {SUB, Y} in which R is a radical of STRAIGHT or branched hydrocarbon containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and x and y represent some values between 1 and 3, and a diol ALIPHATIC WITH MOLECULAR WEIGHT BASS It has a molecular weight between 60 and 100.


Uta Liebmann Schaub has observed that a meeting of East and West occurs in the writings of Michel Foucault where, she asserts, a strong undercurrent of Buddhist thought is detectable. Although he never explicitly acknowledged its influence, Foucault appears to have been seduced by a radical otherness in Eastern philosophy, consistently drawing upon its premises in his historical critique of modern Western subjectivity. Surprisingly, in her analysis of Foucault's "oriental subtext," Schaub makes no mention of a cluster of writings published between September 1978 and May 1979 in which Foucault encountered what is arguably Western civilization's most enduring and menacing Oriental other: the world of Islam. Claire Briere and Pierre Blanchat's Iran: La Revolution au nom de Dieu (1979) includes one such text, an interview with Foucault entitled "L'Esprit d'un monde sans esprit"'3 in which he commented extensively upon the politico-religious fervor that erupted in opposition to the Shah of Iran in the late 1970s. In this interview and numerous other writings on the subject, Foucault extolled the virtues of Iran's revolutionary "spirit," remaining, I shall argue, singularly uncritical in his appraisal of the emancipatory potential and of the new subjectivity it was to bestow upon the Iranian people.4 Given Foucault's intellectual preoccupation with questions of power and moralizing discourses of corporal constraint, the largely unqualified enthusiasm he expressed for the Islamic revolution in Iran is perplexing indeed. His ardor is even more baffling when one considers that much of the repressive machinery set in motion immediately following the Shah's departure in February 1979 was directly applied-much like the disciplinary regimen he reproves in Surveiller et punir (1975)-to the body and soul of the Iranian populace, introducing levels of coercion unfathomable even under the Shah's ruthless reign. Judging from statements made in that interview and in his numerous articles published in the fall of 1978 and the spring of 1979 in both the French press and the Italian daily Corriere Della Sera,5 when he cast his Western intellectual gaze upon what for many progressive observers was a dumbfounding event in the history of modem national liberation movements, Foucault produced an Orientalist discourse-albeit one of decidedly Leftist inflection-that


Multi-cultural education in western countries has achieved to attract worldwide attention through developing nearly half century.At the same time,there also appeared some questions in the process of advancing multi-culatural education.Thus,there are both left-leaning criticism and right-leaning one in western theory circle.How to treat these criticism will have great significance to develop multi-cultural education.


This paper deals with resources and opportunities of direct and indirect use of geothermal energy in Cameroon. Currently, no serious exploration and utilization of this resource exists. The primary form of utilization of geothermal energy is mainly condensation steam for drinkable water. Despite the availability and enormous potential in direct use applications, no use has been made of low enthalpy fluids. Several geothermal sites were identified using thermal methods. The results obtained from the geothermal gradient of Cameroon revealed the presence of temperatures able to produce electricity in the hottest spring of Woulndé (600°C). Other applications of geothermal energy in Cameroon are also discussed.


One of the subjects in the vocational education is the analysis of the food quality by sensorial evaluation. The sensorial evaluation of food is usually done by humans in a laboratory where used "panelists came to food" approach. This approach is very bound by the schedules, seized the place and disrupt the daily schedule of panelists as students. When there is no match meeting, free time varies between the panelists and researchers, it needs the reverse approach where "food came to panelist". On this new approach, panelists tasted the food in other place then send the data online from each place. An online framework is required to implement this approach, which facilitates the sensorial serving panelist pour their sensorial response into keyboard beats and data will be directly delivered to researcher computer. Practitioners utilize collaborative space from provider https://bambangtriatma.wikispaces.comandhttps://kwiksurveys.comto perform the evaluation of the food as part of the courses the analysis of the food quality. One of the stages in the evaluation of food is researching the reliability of prospective panelists in judging the food. There are many aspects of the food sensorial characteristic: taste, flavor, texture and color, but color is the most already digitally judged than the other aspects. Therefore, at the beginning, the color aspect was first choosed by this system. Sensitivity of the prospective panelists against color examined their ability to identify the color of adjacent characters, then asked to decide whether the pair of different color or not. This approach is easy to doby computer screen thanks to the existence of a system of colors digitally mapping. Data is forwarded via the internet network with specific applications. This system makes it easy for researchers in the future to recruit prospective panelists as well asdoing the actual sensorial testing.


Abstract Waterway schemes to link the Thames to the Severn or the Bristol Avon had been mooted since the early seventeenth century. This paper describes the various surveys that were carried out in the late eighteenth century that led eventually to the building of the Kennet and Avon Canal. In particular, reference is made to the work of Weston, Simcock and Barns and that of John Rennie. John Ward, agent to the Lord Ailesbury, played a significant role in the smooth running of project. Robert Whitworth and William Jesssop both acted as consultants during various stages of the scheme.


In this survey paper discuss Voltage Flicker Into Power System. In the current generation most of the electrical power system devices are affected from electrical power flicker, due to this there are many devices are affected. In the last decade there are many research work in the area of Voltage Flicker and power system stability. In this review paper discuss on the different Voltage Flicker methods previous presented in this area. Also discuss the Frequency and amplitude control arise in Voltage Flicker into power system such as power system. In the last section also discuss the different affected area due to voltage flicker and in future the possibility of work in this area. Index Terms Voltage Flicker, Power System, current generation, (DSTATCOM) and frequency control techniques. etc


Here we present results of experiments on mixing at a density interface conducted in a Taylor-Couette device at Reynolds numbers such that the Taylor vortices are laminar to chaotic. The Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique has been used to obtain quantitative measurements of the spatio-temporal evolution of the density. It is shown that the entrainment rate and mixing efficiency are an order of magnitude smaller than in the turbulent vortex regime and the established entrainment laws do not apply in this laminar-chaotic vortex regime. The vertical transport in the homogeneous layers is smaller than the interfacial flux and several density interfaces appear at different heights. The interactions between the interfaces control the subsequent density flux, and hence the mixing efficiency.


Solution processable polymer-based organic photovoltaics offer tremendous opportunities for applications requiring flexible, translucent or aesthetically pleasing designs, with potential for low-cost roll-to-roll mass production. However, progress in moving the organic photovoltaic technology from lab-scale to commercial applications has been slow, generating skepticism around the commercial viability of the technology. Organic photovoltaic research is often carried out on small-area research cells fabricated under inert conditions using techniques such as spin coating that do not translate to mass production. While high research cell performance can be achieved, the materials selected or conditions used for fabrication are typically not amenable to scale-up. This paper will focus on solving some of the technical challenges associated with scaling polymer-based bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics to high-performance large-area modules. Efforts to develop materials that are stable to fabrication in air, have good solubility, and enable deposition of thick (>300 nm) photoactive layers are described, leading to organic photovoltaic modules reaching 8% power conversion efficiency (PCE).


Since 1935, when Fisher's discriminant function appeared in the literature, methods for classifying specimens into one of a set of universes, given a series of measurements made on each specimen, have been extensively developed for the case in which the measurements are continuous variates. This paper considers some aspects of the classification problem when the data are qualitative, each measurement taking only a finite (and usually small) number of distinct values, which we shall call states. Our interest in the problem arose from discussions about the possible use of discriminant analysis in medical diagnosis. Some diagnostic measurements, particularly those from laboratory tests, give results of the form: -, + (2 states); or -, doubtful, + (3 states); or (with a liquid), clear, milky, brownish, dark (4 states). With qualitative data of this type an optimum rule for classification can be obtained as a particular case of the general rule (Rao, [1952], Anderson, [1958]). The rule is exceedingly simple to apply (Section 2). In practice, qualititative data are frequently ordered, as with -, doubtful, +. The classification rule discussed in this paper takes no explicit advantage of the ordering, as might be done, for instance, by assigning scores to the different states so as to produce quasi-continuous data. The best method of handling ordered qualitative data is a subject worth future investigation.


Space-division multiplexing enables fiber capacity increase beyond the limits imposed on single mode fibers by the nonlinear Shannon limit. The capacity increase has to be implemented in a cost and energy efficient way in order to enable a commercially viable solution. Optical amplifiers using multi mode fiber as an active medium achieve better pump power efficiency than multi core fiber based amplifiers due to the higher density of modes. In addition, module optimization approaches can be implemented to further reduce the cost and energy per transported bit. Mutli mode fibers also posess a better capacity upgrade potential than multi core fibers due to the higher density of modes. Multiple input / multiple output processing can be deployed for signal equalization at the receiver, if mode coupling occurs during propagation along the link. An approach using adaptive optical filters for realization of the equalization function in the optical domain enables low installation costs and capacity upgrade on demand by adding transponders for the individual channels.


Objective To compare the coincidence of operational skill projects of the teaching syllabus,professional and technical qualification examination outline and demand for clinical nursing skills in secondary vocational schools ,so as to improve clinical operational skills of nursing students.Methods By questionnaire survey,on-site investigation and comprehensive analysis,we compared the coincidence of operational skill projects of the teaching syllabus,examination outline and job demand.Results The coincidence rate of the teaching syllabus,examination outline and job demand in line with each other was 93.15%(68/73),the coincidence rates of the teaching syllabus in line with the examination outline and job demand were 98.63%(72/73)and 94.52%(69/73)respectively.Conclusions The nursing operational skills curriculum projects of the teaching syllabus is compatible with the examination outline and job demand.The teaching of nursing operational skills should be implemented in accordance with the teaching syllabus,and some operating skill projects may be appropriate adjusted.


The effect of electron-phonon coupling on the ground-state energy of a shallow donor in a polar-crystal interface is investigated by the variational method. Numerical results are produced for heterostructures of some II-VI and III-V materials.


Number of publications report on non thermal plasma (NTP) potentialities for biomedical application. Cancer treatment appears as one of the most promising. There are still many steps to go on before clinical applications but the route is now clearly open. We will go through what have been already demonstrated concerning in vitro and in vivo experiments, what are the challenges in front us, what problems are directly linked with discharges and finishing trying to draw what are the main perspectives in the domain.


The annual total number of mesothelioma deaths in Japan has been increasing since 1995, when the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare began to record the number in demographics and statistics. Mesothelioma deaths are mainly caused by inspiration of asbestos. Since a great deal of asbestos has been imported and used, many people are concerned about a future increase in mesothelioma deaths. The increase in the annual total number of mesothelioma deaths is not regular. However, the cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths fits perfectly with the formula y = 24.77x2 + 492.2x + 538.69(R2=0.9999), in which y is the cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths and x is year 1995. The cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths in the years 2010(x=15) and 2025(x=30) were calculated as 13,495 and 37,598, respectively. Although these values showed a high correlation with the cumulative weight of imported asbestos over the previous 30 years, the correlation did not seem to be useful in estimating the future burden of mesothelioma deaths, since the time taken by inspired asbestos to cause mesothelioma is very variable.


Notwithstanding the fact that the Acarina "have always attracted," as Banks points out in his preface, "considerable interest, both from their minute size and because of the remarkable habits of many species/' comparatively little is known about them systematically. Many species have been described from time to time, by a number of authors, but, to again quote Banks "few have really studied them." The literature dealing with ths subject is very scattered, and much of it unsatisfactory.


Measuring of service quality is vital in service organizations. The overall objective of the study is to measure the service quality in Mobily Telecommunication Company using gap measurement between perceived quality and expected quality in addition to detecting the gap type (negative or positive) throughout the matching of customers expectations' and perception of employees using SERVQAL model. In addition, the gap type between customers and employees perceptions is determined. Furthermore, the gap between customers' perception and expectation is also determined. The study reviewed previous work and formulated three hypothesis. Proper statistical methods was used. A representative sample of clients and staff members was dawn. A questionnaire was used as a tool after testing for stability and validity. The results indicated the presence of negative gaps between customers' expectations and employees in the dimensions of service quality in addition to negative gaps in some components of logistics, dependability, responsiveness, security, and compassion. The work recommended some modifications on the services based on continues customers' opinion surveys.


Summary

Congenital cataract (CC) affects 3–5 individuals per 10,000 and is a significant cause of lifelong visual disability worldwide. Highly heterogeneous, CC may be isolated or may form one manifestation of a multisystemic condition. It is estimated that around 50% of bilateral CC cases have a genetic basis, with well over 100 genes implicated in their underlying etiology. Consequently, the identification and characterisation of CC is not equivalent to making a clinical diagnosis on which is based care planning, genetic counselling and non-ocular management. Until recently, clinical investigation of patients with CC has been based upon an iterative, clinically-driven process that is expensive, time-consuming and inefficient. The advent of Next Generation Sequencing promises to provide a platform upon which can be built a unified approach to diagnosis. We, and others, have shown that such an approach can identify the molecular basis of CC and other lens-related disorders such as lens subluxation in the majority (over 70% in our series) of cases. When applied early in the diagnostic pathway this can direct ongoing management, improve outcomes for pathents, and direct genetic counselling for families with CC.


Significance A method that renders cells resistant to virus infection is reported. The method is based on anchoring antibodies to cell surface virus receptors to the plasma membrane. Because of their effective molarity, the antibodies are much more effective than if they were free in the circulation. The antibodies interact with the receptors and block virus attachment. In infections with viruses such as HIV, cells rendered resistant to infection will be selected over infected cells, thereby opening the possibility of curing the infection. Modern immunochemical engineering allows the creation of cells that either secrete antibodies or incorporate them into various cellular compartments, including the plasma membrane. Because the receptors for most viruses are known, if one can achieve the proper stoichiometry and geometry, plasma membrane-associated antibodies to these receptors should block viral infection. In this report, we test this concept for two different viruses, human rhinovirus and HIV. Plasma membrane-tethered antibodies efficiently rendered cells permanently nonpermissive for infection by both these viruses. Membrane-bound antibodies were much more efficient than free antibody in preventing infection, likely because of the effective molarity of membrane bound antibodies. Such resistant cells may restore immune-competence to otherwise compromised HIV patients.


An on-chip 64-channel hybrid (de)multiplexer for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is designed and demonstrated on a 220 nm SOI platform for the demands of large capacity optical interconnections. The designed hybrid (de)multiplexer includes a 4-channel mode (de)multiplexer and 16-channel wavelength-division (de)multiplexers. The mode (de)multiplexer is comprised of cascaded asymmetric directional couplers supporting coupling between fundamental TE mode and higher-order modes with low crosstalks in a wide wavelength range. The wavelength-division (de)multiplexers consist of two bi-directional micro-ring resonator arrays for four 16-channel WDM signals. Micro-heaters are placed on the micro-resonators for thermal tuning. According to the experimental results, the excess loss is <3.9 dB in one free spectral range from 1522 nm to 1552 nm and <5.6 dB in three free spectral ranges from 1493 nm to 1583 nm. The intermode crosstalks are −23.2 dB to −33.2 dB, and the isolations between adjacent and nonadjacent wavelength channels are about −17.1 dB and −22.3 dB, respectively. The thermal tuning efficiency is ∼2.22 mW/nm over one free spectral range.


Method and apparatus for earthworm strengthening wetland sewage treatment, this method of soil layer wetland in the present apparatus is introduced into a certain type of earthworm with domestic sewage treatment, to improve the existing artificial dissolved oxygen distribution wetland wastewater treatment process, to overcome which is easy to plug, poor nitrogen and phosphorus removal and other shortcomings, and to improve the degradation of organic nitrogen and phosphorus removal, extended wetland packing replacement cycle. Sewage discharge standards and be able to implement the requirements of resource utilization after treatment.


The goatfish fishery at Visakhapatnam by small mechanised trawlers during
1994-'96 is presented. During the period the goat fishes formed 4.5 % of the
total fish catch landed by the small mechanised trawlers. The fishery
was sustained by Upeneus vittatus (65.1 %), U. sulphureus (26.5 %) and
U. moluccensis (8.3 %). Upeneus vittatus feeds mainly on prawn, crab and
Squilla spp. The females were observed in the maturity stages I - IV and the
matured females were recorded in February, March, May and August. The
length-weight relationship of U. vittatus is also described.


For ages, people have been migrating from villages to cities or from rural to urban places for better living conditions. Urban problems caused by surpassing the bearing capacity of cities due to excessive migration have led the authorities to find different solutions. One of these solutions that have come up and started to be implemented in various places in rural development. Authorities have stated that development needs to be local in order to prevent people from migration, and have them turn back; and, hence, they have started to support relevant projects. As a start, the concept of rural region and its borders have been defined. Next, the values of rural regions and resources have been determined, as well as the actions to be taken for sustainable 1 Bu çalışma, 26-29 Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında Antalya İli, Patara Antik Kentinde düzenlenen "Innovation and Global Issues in Social Sciences III" kongresinde özet bildiri olarak sunulmuştur Is su e/ S ay ı: 7 6 V o lu m e/ C il t: 8


Ontology matching, the task of determining relations that hold among terms of two different ontologies, is a key issue in the Semantic Web and other related fields. In order to compare the behaviour of different ontology matching systems, the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) has established a periodical controlled evaluation that comes in a yearly event. We present here our participation in the 2008 initiative.

Our schema-based alignment algorithm compares each pair of ontology terms by, firstly, extracting their ontological contexts up to a certain depth (enriched by using transitive entailment) and, secondly, combining different elementary ontology matching techniques (e.g., lexical distances and vector space modelling). Benchmark results show a very good behaviour in terms of precision, while preserving an acceptable recall. Based on our experience, we have also included some remarks about the nature of benchmark test cases that, in our opinion, could help improving the OAEI tests in the future.


West Progo Hills is one of some hard water area in Indonesia. It doesn't belong to the groundwater basin because it is difficult to get groundwater. Groundwater can be found in some places with a random point. Dug wells are usually found in the narrow area, as well as springs. By hydrogeological as well as hydro isotope approaches, this research wants to know about groundwater potential in West Progo Hills especially at the central part of it. The groundwater mapping has been done at Girimulyo Kaligesing and surrounding area, to get some geologic data, water table measurement, and geomorphological data. The result of the research shows that the groundwater table usually follows the local topography. Groundwater table ranges 0.9 – 8 m below surface, it means shallow groundwater table. Dug wells are only locally found, as well as springs. Some springs often found at break of slope, it means that they're controlled by topography. Based on the groundwater table from dug wells data, groundwater is conformable to the topographic condition. The relationship between elevation and groundwater table gives the correlation coefficient (r) as much as 99.99%. It means that relief is followed by the groundwater level. It can be concluded that relief has a strong correlation with shallow groundwater in the research area, although the stable isotopic data doesn't support the altitude effect of it. Groundwater flows from high to low lands, such as the upper slope of hills to valleys.


Abstract : A study is performed of the TORT 2 finite element code for the solution of axisymmetric torsion problems. Various element formulations are reviewed and recommendations for best use of the code are made. The nonvanishing of surface shears on stress free surfaces is considered. Finally, an error in the contractor supplied sample problem is examined and a rule for avoiding similar difficulties explained.


This keynote lecture and corresponding presentation discuss the anatomy and pathophysiology surrounding spinal cord injury in aortic surgery. This article will discuss risk factors and mechanisms for spinal cord injury, including loss of direct and collateral spinal cord perfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review will examine these elements in both the laboratory and clinical setting, in addition to other neuroprotective strategies applied in clinical practice. Addressing spinal cord injury requires an integrated and considerate approach to simultaneously optimize spinal cord blood flow, promote collateralization and improve ischemic tolerance. Given the catastrophic clinical consequences for both the patient and their caregivers, continuing to investigate and examine spinal cord injury is of the utmost importance.


The effects of n-propanol and to a certain extent of ethanol on Human Serum Albumin were studied over the pH range 7-13.3 and alcohol concentrations up to 20 % (vol.). In some cases the behaviour of the native preparation was compared with albumin partially cleared of more weakly bound fatty acids. The data obtained were discussed from the point of view of individual types of chromophores as well as in a broader context of the secondary structure. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. Partial removal of bound fatty acids has an influence on the dissociation of tyrosines. 2. The effect of alkanols on this dissociation is rather complex, the permittivity of the solvent being only a part of it. 3. Maxima corresponding to buried dissociated tyrosines were found in the fourth-derivative absorption spectra. 4. In the presence of n-propanol a small conformational transition of the albumin molecule is observed at pH below 9. 5. The viscosity of albumin solution in the presence of n-propanol is lower than the viscosity of the pure solvent.


Let H be a Hilbert space,C a nonempty closed convex subset of H,T:C → C a nonexpansive mapping and f:C → C a contractive mapping.Under the assumption that Fix(T) is nonempty,using the viscosity iteration which is modified by the CQ method,the strong convergence is obtained.


Abstract Menthyl-substituted phosphorus compounds were synthesized: (R=CH3, C2H5, i-C3H7, t-C4H9, C6H5, L-Men, D-Men; Men=Menthyl) H-1- and C-13-NMR-spectra were treated by one- and two-dimensional methods to obtain stereospecific shift- and coupling-parameters. Problems of chiral, pseudo-chiral, pro-chiral and pseudo-pro-chiral compounds are discussed. Aromatic-ring-current-effects were calculated based on theories of Johnson/Bovey and Haigh/Mallion. Novel computer programs JOBO and HAMA were designed for convenient evaluation of ring-current-effects. The methods are demonstrated comparing Mosher's menthyl- und neo-menthylphosphineoxides L-Men(C6H5)(CH3)PO and neo-Men(C6H5)(CH3)PO R(p) and S(p) configurations. The programs may be obtained from the authors on request.


In the paper, results of theoretical and experimental study of the pressure distribution between pulsation damper stages and the gas pressure control valve are presented. It is shown that the pressure distribution mode affects the damper efficiency and allows to provide required vibroacoustic characteristics of the gas pressure control system as a whole. There are considered several typical modes of pressure distributions. The most effective design solution is a multistage throttling type pressure pulsation damper having equal pressure ratios at each damper stage. The calculated data were confirmed experimentally.


This study aims at determining the intensity of Locus of Control, Employee Relations, Salaries and religiosity influence on the performance of employees at PT. Bank Mandiri Syariah CFBC Medan. The population involved in this study were the employees of PT. Bank Mandiri Syariah CFBC Medan which amounted to 65 respondents. Data collection technique was complished by spreading the questionnaire to 65 respondents which comprised of 19 items for everyone and it was divided into 3 independent variables and a dependent variable. Furthermore, the interview was held to whom that was considered important in completing the research data, then all documentations study in the form of research object literature as well as direct observation were conducted to directly find out the activities of respondents. In the F statistical analysis, the locus of control, employees relations, and religiosity were simultaneously led to a positive effect in improving the performance of PT. Bank Mandiri Syariah CFBC Medan Employee.


The deposition of glycogen into the livers of adrenalectomized rats is a criterion used as an indication of glucocorticoid activity of ster0ids.l After the administration of the steroid to the animal, the animal is sacrificed, and the amount of glycogen in the liver determined. The increase in liver glycogen varies directly, within limits, with the amount of steroid administered. By comparing varied doses of a new synthetic corticosteroid with a standard corticosteroid, it is possible to determine the relative activity of the new steroid. The method for the determination of liver glycogen that had been in use in our laboratories for a number of years involves the isolation of glycogen by saponification of approximately 500 mg. of liver in hot 30 per cent KOH and then precipitation of the glycogen with 60 per cent ethanol. The amount of glycogen present was then determined, after suitable dilution with water, by the anthrone method of Seifter et d2 The initial dilution is estimated on the basis of the amount of the glycogen precipitate present, since the anthrone method is limited to a maximum of 60 pg. of glycogen. Visual estimation of this precipitate, even for a trained individual, has its shortcomings. In addition to the dilution problem, there was always the hazard of dust or lint causing a darker color with the anthrone reagent. Care must be taken to avoid this, and a great deal of time and effort is expended in this analysis. It was, therefore, deemed desirable to attempt to establish an autoanalytical method that could be routinely applied to the determination of rat liver glycogen. An automatic niodification of the liver glycogen method reported by Van der Vies? was adapted in our laboratory for use with the AutoAnalyzer. The method finally adopted and the results obtained with this method in comparison to the anthrone method are reported here.


Mango peels (MP) and kernels (MK) are the major bio-waste of mango processing industry, these are natural rich sources of bioactive substances that play a significant role in prevention of diseases. In present study, the effect of Mango Peels Powder (MPP) and Mango Kernels Powder (MKP) at different replacing levels (5, 10 and 15%) separately on rheological, proximate, physical, sensory and antioxidant properties of biscuits were evaluated. The results demonstrated that mango peel powder had high contents of crude fiber and antioxidant activity whereas mango kernel powder characterized by higher protein, total phenolic and ash contents as compared to mango peel powder. Farinograph study of composite flour of MPP and MKP revealed an increase in water absorption (WA) from 60 to 69.8%. The crude fiber contents of biscuits were improved from 0.22-16.79% by addition of mango peel and kernel powder. Their phenolic contents increased from 0.43 to 10.28 mg/g. The biscuits incorporated with MK and MP powder showed an increment in their antioxidant activity. Sensory performance exhibited that the biscuit acceptable with mango taste and flavor were obtained by substitution up to 10% mango peel powder and up to 5% with mango kernel powder. From the results, it is concluded that by incorporating of MPP and MKP played important role in enhancing the nutritional properties of biscuits through improving especially their fiber content, antioxidant activity during storage up to 30 days at room temperature.


Abstract Libertarianism deals with what the law should be. In this article, we focus on what the appropriate law to punish criminals should be in a libertarian society; that is, one that respects the Non-Aggression Principle and property rights. We examine various theories of punishment and explain why some are incompatible with libertarianism. We contribute to the latest libertarian theory of punishment suggesting the necessity to take time preference into consideration. We conclude stating a limit and a limitation to libertarian punishment theories.


In this paper, laser induced human serum Raman spectra of liver cancer are measured. The spectra differences in serum from normal people and liver cancer patients are analyzed. For the typical spectrum of normal serum, there are three sharp Raman peaks and relative intensity of Raman peaks excited by 514.5 nm is higher than that excited by 488.0 nm. However, for the Raman spectrum of liver cancer serum there are no peaks or very weak Raman peaks at the same positions. Results from more than two hundred case measurements show that clinical diagnostic accuracy is 92.86%. And then, the liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis are studied applying the technology of LIF. To liver cirrhosis, the shape of Raman peak is similar to normal and fluorescence spectrum is similar to that of liver cancer from statistic data. The experiment indicates that there is notable fluorescence difference between the abnormal and normal liver tissue and have blue shift in fluorescence peak. These results have important reference values to explore the method of laser spectrum diagnosis.


Background and objective: Pravastatin has been shown to have favorable risk-benefit profile when it is administered to hypercholesterolemic subjects to prevent cardiovascular events. However, subjects with impaired OATP1B1 activity may be more susceptible to pravastatin-induced muscle toxicity than ...


The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing new regulations requiring pediatric studies of certain new and marketed drug and biological products. Most drugs and biologics have not been adequately tested in the pediatric subpopulation. As a result, product labeling frequently fails to provide directions for safe and effective use in pediatric patients. This rule will partially address the lack of pediatric use information by requiring that manufacturers of certain products provide sufficient data and information to support directions for pediatric use for the claimed indications.


A local regression method was proposed based on independent component analysis (ICA) . The method performs feature extraction from the measured near infrared(NIR) spectra by using ICA at first, and then carries out a subset selection for local regression according to the distance between a prediction sample and the calibration samples in the independent component (IC) space. Finally, by using the selected subset, a PLS model is built and used to predict the property of the prediction sample. An application of the proposed method in prediction of nicotine content in tobacco samples from NIR spectra was investigated, it was found that the results are better than both the local regression method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and the conventionally used global regression method.


Excerpt Interest in the deleterious effects of lead has shifted recently from the industrial field to that of potential hazards to the community at large. Lead is ubiquitous, and even primitive rac...


This thesis deals with the issues of empowerment in Morrison's fiction seen through the perspective of myth and folklore. The emphasis is on exploring Morrison's use of mythic forms for embellishment, explanation of character and circumstance, inversion of prevalent stereotypes, and the examination of the narrative structure. The introduction looks at the forms of myth and the way it has been examined in this thesis. The chapters one to seven look at the various myths that support the structure of each novel, and examine each myth to show its inefficacy in defining the lives of black women. The common element in all the chapters is the discrediting of the myths about black women's sexuality, motherhood and the myths of beauty. The first chapter on The Bluest Eye examines the structure of the novel in terms of seasonal cycles, ritualistic images, legends of the grail, fertility myths, and classical and biblical myths. The chapter on Sula explores the signs and symbols associated with the main characters and the myths of black women's sexuality and culture, and examines the mythic structure of the novel. The chapter on Song of Solomon looks at the biblical song of the same name, the legends and metaphors of flying and the significance of biblical, classical and black naming, besides looking at the myths of beauty and progress. The fourth chapter Tar Baby deals with the central legend of the tar baby and the associations with classical myth and culture thrown up by the narrative. The fifth chapter Beloved deals with the central motif of the Medea myth and Morrison's working on a single incident to explore the period of slavery and its impact. The myths of black motherhood and animalism are also explored. The sixth chapter Jazz looks at the central theme of hunting, the metaphor of music, and the


The design, construction and assessment of a CO 2 laser heterodyne receiver based on a Hg 1-x Cd x Te heterostructure is described. The structure has been designed to minimize the leakage currents at high temperatures while maintaining a high quantum efficiency. Measurements show that over 4 dB of shot noise can be obtained with the application of less than 1 mW of laser power. This result can be combined with the measured low-frequency quantum efficiency of 42% to give a noise equivalent power of 7.2 × 10 -20 W Hz -1 . The device is mounted on a single-stage thermoelectric cooler and coupled to an amplifier. It is hoped that the availability of high-performance detectors which do not need to be cooled to cryogenic temperatures will greatly improve the attractiveness of laser heterodyne systems.


The U.S. public biomedical research system is renowned for its peer review process that awards federal funds to meritorious research performers. Although congressional appropriators do not earmark federal funds for biomedical research performers, I argue that they support allocations for those research fields that are most likely to benefit performers in their constituencies. Such disguised transfers mitigate the reputational penalties to appropriators of interfering with a merit‐driven system. I use data on all peer‐reviewed grants by the National Institutes of Health during the years 1984–2003 and find that performers in the states of certain House Appropriations Committee members receive 5.9–10.3 percent more research funds than those at unrepresented institutions. The returns to representation are concentrated in state universities and small businesses. Members support funding for the projects of represented performers in fields in which they are relatively weak and counteract the distributive effect of the peer review process.


This invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst electrode, support the electrocatalyst ink (6) (4) is deposited on the ink formed of a conductive polymer electrocatalyst material and proton contains a polymerizable product, the electrocatalyst ink (6) to form an electrode coagulate, separating said formed electrode and the support (4).


This article looks at girls who fight in order to evaluate theories of education for marginalized girls. As oppositional culture and educational resistance theories suggest for boys' misconduct in school, girl fights are found to be a product of deindustrialization, family expectations, and peer culture. Within peer groups of marginalized students an oppositional culture develops such that girls gain respect from their peers by fighting because they demonstrate a necessary toughness. Girls who fight have a complicated relationship to education. Contrary to oppositional culture theory, these girls value educational achievement. However, the girls' relationships with teachers are strained. Teachers do not appreciate "tough" girls. Race, class, and gender together construct a student culture that produces girls who fight in school.


Pashto is one of the richest languages of the world and consists of a large number of personal pronouns that are categorized into strong, weak and directional pronouns. In this paper a computational approach for resolving these pronouns is proposed and an algorithm is developed. This algorithm is the combination of two sub-algorithms that resolves these pronouns. The algorithm has been tested on real world text taken from novels and stories which showed 78% accuracy.


Early Silurian trilobites and graptolites from the Vargas Pena Formation of the western Parana Basin are described. The studied material comes from two successions (San Fernando and Galeano quarries) on the southwestern flank of the Ypacarai graben, about 30 km southeast of Asuncion city, eastern Paraguay. The faunas include Calymene boettneri Harrington, C. harringtoni tortello sp. nov., Trimerus sp., Dalmanites ypacarayensis (BalDis & Hansen), Dalmanites sp., Guaranites paraguayensis BalDis & Hansen, Eophacops sp., Normalograptus cf. ajjeri (legranD), N. aff. rectangularis (mccoy), Metaclimacograptus cf. asejradi legranD, Paraclimacograptus innotatus (nicHolson), and P. brasiliensis (rueDemann). The taxa recognized suggest a ?late Rhuddanian to late Aeronian/early Telychian age for the Vargas Pena Formation. The graptolites constitute a low diversity, oxygen tolerant fauna that would be indicative of shallow water conditions, an environment that is also supported by the occurrence of the trilobite genus Trimerus.


Abstract Objectives: To document pain expression characteristics in former preterm infants in the first year of life in whom systematic evaluation and treatment of pain was provided. Methods: Data on the Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, crying time and heart rate were collected during immunization. The effect of clinical characteristics {postconception and gestational age [PCA], surgery, ventilation, fentanyl, length of stay (LOS)} on bio-behavioral parameters was evaluated. Results: 121 procedures were recorded in 49 infants. GA was 28 (25–32) weeks. PCA was 60 (34–90) weeks. Median MBPS was 8 (2–10), median crying time 44 (0–112) s. Median pre-procedural heart rate was 144 (103–201) and increased to 184 (147–220) afterwards, resulting in a relative increase of 29 (5–99)%. Median VAS score was 7 (1–10). Significant correlations of PCA with pre-procedural heart rate (r=−0.36) and with relative increase in heart rate (r=0.33) were identified. A correlation of LOS on crying time (r=0.37) was observed. Conclusions: Correlations of PCA with pre-procedural and relative increase in heart rate reflect the maturational decrease in heart rate. LOS had an effect on pain expression, potentially reflecting the impact of cumulative 'minor' procedural pain.


Temmerman and colleagues have concluded that women in Kenya who have tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have the right to not be told their test results in order to avoid the violence that often follows. 5.9% of 324 HIV-positive pregnant women in Nairobi Kenya reported a violent event after learning of their HIV status; all except one were spousal. Temmerman and co-workers then informed their HIV-positive female patients that test results would have to be requested in order to receive them. Previously when all women were informed of their results Kenya investigators counseled 75% of the HIV-positive women. Under the new policy only 35% of the HIV-positive women came forward and spousal violence was reduced. However the intent of public health is to safeguard the community; people are tested for HIV for their own good and to protect others with whom they have intimate or blood contact. The new policy resulted in 40% fewer women being informed about their infection. The uninformed infected pregnant women did not know to seek medical assistance or supportive care to avoid opportunistic infections; to consider alternatives to breastfeeding of their uninfected offspring; or to tell their sexual partners to avoid unprotected intercourse. This policy benefits few in the short-term and harms many in the long run. Those responsible for protecting the public health should make tests more easily available and work to reduce the fear and stigma attached to persons with HIV or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Only the virus benefits from being hidden from view.


Aiming at the problem that the LDA model is not effective for short text topic extraction, this paper proposes a topic detection method based on BERT and seed LDA clustering model. Firstly, the seed LDA model (sLDA) is designed for optimize the LDA model. A seed word set is introduced for the LDA model. The words generated under a certain probability will be generated from the seed word set, thus guiding topic generation; Secondly, sLDA and BERT were combined to construct the B-sLDA model. The sLDA model was used to obtain topic features, and the BERT model was used to obtain text features. The result of fusing two features were input into the K-means clustering model to obtain topic clusters. Finally, to complete the topic detection , each cluster was input into the TF-IDF model, and the first 10 output words were used as the topic of the corresponding cluster. In this paper, the official dataset 20 newsgroups and the real public opinion dataset about "Shanghai COVID-19" obtained by crawler were selected for the experiment. The experimental results show that sLDA is superior to the original LDA model in terms of perplexity and coherence, which proves that the seed word set has a certain guiding effect on the LDA model. B-sLDA clustering model has significant improvement in Silhouette Coefficient and Calinski-Harabasz.


short-term load forecasting (STLF) is helpful to grasp the state of the distribution network system. In order to improve the prediction accuracy and robustness, the paper proposes a hybrid model, including Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL), Long Short-Term Memory neural networks (LSTMs) and XGBoost. First, we use the STL method to decompose the load series to mitigate the impact of data distribution on the prediction model. Then, we choose the LSTM neural network as the learner and design an ensemble prediction model to improve the prediction accuracy and robustness. And XGBoost as the last step of ensemble prediction is adopted to combine with all learners to obtain the ensemble prediction results. The proposed STL-LSTMs-XGBoost is applied on the load data collected from 10kV line in Chongqing distribution network. The experimental results can illustrate the feasibility of the model.


As originally defined by Ashraf and Mozumder, multiplicative (generalized)-skew derivations must satisfy two identities. In this short note we show that, as a consequence of the simultaneous satisfaction of both identities, a multiplicative (generalized)-skew derivation of a prime ring is either a multiplicative (generalized) derivation (i.e., not skew), or a generalized skew derivation (i.e., additive). Therefore only one of the identities should be taken in the definition of multiplicative (generalized)-skew derivations in order to get a new class of derivations in prime rings.


Abstract Lexicographers have had a profound impact on the development of legal systems in the English-speaking world. Since the time of John Rastell, legal dictionaries have not only defined key terms and concepts, but in many cases have also determined the very topics and issues that have come to dominate contemporary legal thinking. For these reasons, the Jamail Center for Legal Research has built an outstanding collection of rare legal dictionaries. The rich history of legal dictionaries offers fascinating insights into the evolution of legal thinking and also provides a better understanding of influences on the dynamic relationship between words and deeds. In November 1999, the Jamail Center for Legal Research acquired, as its Millionth Volume, a particularly special dictionary that would have many hidden surprises. Through a study of this particular volume, a great deal about the early publishing world and the evolution of law dictionaries can be learned.


The number of US children using medications for chronic illnesses increased between 2002 and 2005, reported researchers in the October 31 online Pediatrics .


Based on semi-direct sums of Lie subalgebra B and G, two higher-dimensional 4×4 and 6×6 matrix Lie algebra sμ(4) and sμ(6) are constructed with the help of the known Lie algebra A1. Two hierarchies of integrable coupling nonlinear equations with three potentials are proposed, which are derived from coupled discrete four-by-four and six-by-six matrix spectral problems. Moreover, the corresponding 3-Hamiltonian forms are deduced for each lattice equation in the resulting hierarchy by means of the discrete variational identity and two strong symmetry operators of the resulting hierarchy are given. finally, we prove that the hierarchies of the resulting Hamiltonian equations are all Liouville integrable discrete Hamiltonian systems.


Contemplating Suicide: The Language and Ethnics of Self Harm By Gavin J. Fairbairn Routledge, 1995. Pp. xxx. ISBN 415–10606. £12.95(pbk). Religious Transformation in Western Society. The End of Happiness By Harvie Ferguson, Routledge, 1992. Pp. xvi + 269. ISBN 0–415–02574–5. £XX.xx. Feminism and the Self: The Web of Identity By Morwenna Griffiths Routledge, 1995. Pp. 191. ISBN 0–415–09821–1. £12.99 (pbk). Faith, Scepticism and Personal Identity. A Festschrift for Terence Penelhum Edited by J.J. Macintosh and H. A. Meynell University of Calgary Press, 1994. Pp. vii + 304. CAN$27.95. The Shape of Space (second edition) By Graham Nerlich Cambridge University Press, 1994. ISBN 0–521–45645–2. Logical Learning Theory: A Human Teleology and its Empirical Support By Joseph F. Rychlak University of Nebraska Press, 1994. Pp. 387. ISBN 0–8032–3904–1. £32.95 Philosophical Idealism and Christian Belief By Alan P.F. Sell University of Wales Press, 1995. Pp. x + 338.


Relapsing polychondritis is a potential fatal dis− ease due to the involvement of internal organs. In our patient the manifestation was restricted to the ears and the joints. Systemic therapy led to a complete remission.


Liaoza No.25 was developed by Crop Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It was bred by crossing the sterile line 306A as female parent with the restoring line 304 as male parent.The hybrid is a food-use sorghum with high grain yield and good quality.The hybrid is not only highly resistant to leaf disease,lodging and head smut but also staygreen;it is widely adapted for its suitable growth duration.


This publication details all channels through which religious and philosophical communities in Belgium are financed by local, regional or federal governments. Institutional environment is described. Detailed budgetary data are provided and are set in perspective with sociological data on religious practices or belonging.


Historical research has implied mostly that the ways ofhuman activity related to everyday life tend always and everywhere to be similar and without any change. In this path ofhistory. domestic activities are pre sented as a constantfactor ando therefore, distant from social, economic, ideological and political trans formations that confer dynamism and ereativity to changes in human societies. Howevel~ two archaeolo gical case studies will be presented in which quotidianity and iis material expression, as it can be obser ved in the organization ofhabitat and in the innovation and management oftechnological knowledge. show sign(ficant tran.~formations creating new ways o{daily living.


Source code comments are valuable to keep developers' explanations of code fragments. Proper comments help code readers understand the source code quickly and precisely. However, developers sometimes delete valuable comments since they do not know about the readers' knowledge and think the written comments are redundant. This paper describes a study of lost comments based on edit operation histories of source code. The experimental result shows that developers sometimes delete comments although their associated code fragments are not changed. Lost comments contain valuable descriptions that can be utilized as new data sources to support program comprehension.


We selected two B. bifidum strains that could utilise ammonia in preference to any other organic nitrogen compounds by measuring incorporation of the stable isotope [ 15 N]ammonia by the cells. Their rates of incorporation of [ 15 N]ammonia were 87.8 per cent for B. bifidum YIT4069 and 81.4 per cent for B. bifidum YIT4070. To investigate the ability of B. bifidum YIT4069 to assimilate ammonia in the intestine, a caecal content incubation system was used. When a fermentable substrate (galactosyllactose) was added to the reaction mixture prepared from the rat caecal contents, the substrate was utilised by bacteria, and the pH of the reaction mixture gradually decreased. This was accompanied by an inhibition of ammonia generation. When B. breve YIT4010, whose growth did not depend on ammonia, was inoculated into the reaction mixture with substrate, the pH of the reaction mixture became reduced immediately, the reduction being greater than in the case of the substrate alone. Ammonia generation was inhibited resulting in maintenance of almost the same concentration of ammonia. When B. bijidum YIT4069 and the substrate were inoculated into the reaction mixture, the pH became reduced and ammonia was simultaneously removed from the system. To assess the effects in vivo B. bifidum YIT4069 and galactosyllactose were injected directly into the caecum. Four hours after the intracaecal injection the ammonia level in the portal vein was significantly lowered. The ammonia levels in the portal vein and abdominal aorta, however, increased when rats were fed a commercial diet containing 8.3 per cent of galactosyllactose for 5 d. This increase was prevented by a 5 d oral administration of B. bifidum YIT4069. Keywords - Bifidobacterium bifidum ; Ammonia; Rat; Caecal content; Portal vein; 15 N-ammonia.


ABSTRACTThis research is aimed to examine how the use of facebook affects students' behavior. The objects of the research were SMK/SMU (high school) students in Surakarta City. Data were taken from a random sample comprising of 132 respondents. We used analysis tools such as: 1) Instrument Validity & Reliability test, 2) Descriptive Statistics analysis, and 3) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The instrument tests proved that all items in the questionnaire were valid and reliable. The descriptive analysis described our respondents characteristics such as: gender, internet apps used, their school internet facility. By using SEM analysis, we conclude that the use of facebook has significant effect on individual behavior which comprises of 4 indicators: attitude, personality, learning, and perception. T-test results shows that: 1) The use of Facebook has significant effect on individual attitude, 2) The use of Facebook has significant effect on individual personality, 3) The use of Facebook has significant effect on individual learning, 4) The use of Facebook has significant effect on individual perception. Thus, the use of Facebook has significant effects on individual behavior.Keywords: facebook, attitude, personality, learning, perception.INTRODUCTION:Facebook is a web-based social media application which facilitates one to find new friends and to actively communicate with them anywhere and anytime. Facebook has been widely used by Indonesians since the year of 2007. Until now, Indonesia is one of the countries with the densest population of Facebook users. So far, it is proved that Facebook has greatly affect many of its users' life, either positively or negatively. Special to our concern is its effect on younger people behavior. As Facebook can be accessed by practically everyone, including the youngs, lack of parental advisory may lead to unwanted effects on the youngs' behavior. According to Gibson (1987), behavior has psychological and non-psychological variables. This research will examine the effect of the use of Facebook on the psychological aspects of individual behavior. Based on that, we choose the title "Examining the Model of The Use of Facebook on Individual Behavior".The theoretical problems of this research are: 1) How is the effect of the use of Facebook on individual behavior (the study will be conducted on high school students in Surakarta city)? 2) Does the use of Facebook have significant effect on behavior, which comprises of 4 aspects: attitude, personality, learning, and perception?MATERIALS AND METHODS:LITERATURE REVIEW:Internet is a term used for the connection established of computers from the whole world. The once stand alone computers in the world can now connect on line with other hosts or computers through the internet. Some define that the internet is a huge web comprised of computers in the whole world constantly communicating data with each others. Internet is required to run on a certain protocol. The most popular protocol is called web or "WWW". Web is a complex system of texts, visuals, audios, etc. which are kept in an internet webserver and presented in hypertext form. The most popular hypertext is HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) format.Facebook is a web-based social media application founded by Mark Zuckerberg in February 4th 2004. Initially, under the name "The Facebook", it serves only as a communication medium exclusively for Harvard University students. As time goes by, the site became increasingly famous and begun to be used by others as well. It is now used by billions of people in every country, in every corner of the world. The use of Facebook, eventually, can bring impacts on the life of its users, either positively or negatively. The Facebook offers practical and instant way to create one's own network of friends, anywhere and anytime. The use of the social medium not only can affect the user, it also can indirectly affect others and their environments. …


This document surveys six toxic agents that have been evaluated for a role in MS, summarizing the results of the studies that have been conducted to identify possible associations. The research on each of these agents is organized into an analysis table which addresses the following questions: • Is there a strong correlation between exposure to the toxic agent and risk of MS? • Is the presence of the toxic agent increased in MS subjects compared with non-MS subjects? • Does length or intensity of exposure to the toxic agent affect the risk of MS? • Does the age of exposure to the toxic agent differ among MS and non-MS subjects? • Does the toxic agent have known effects on the central nervous system (CNS) or immune system that may relate to the pathogenesis of MS? A description of the toxic agent and brief opinion about the strength of the data is also provided. In locating and analyzing these studies, we encountered a number of issues that complicate the task of interpreting and comparing results, and may also contribute to the frequency with which study results contradict one another. These issues include lack of uniformity in study methods, missing information about study design and methodology, differences in study locations, small sample sizes, and different criteria for toxic agent exposure. In addition, the methods and criteria used for diagnosing MS have evolved over the past decades, making it somewhat difficult to compare earlier studies with more recent ones. The purpose of the analysis tables is to provide an overview of the research done and clarify what areas need to be addressed further; they do not represent a complete review of all the studies published to date. Although at this time no toxic agent can be unequivocally implicated as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis, we hope this document will still be helpful in guiding future research into the role toxic agents play in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Note: A list of published studies evaluating the role of toxic agents in MS can be found on the Accelerated Cure Project website at: http://www.acceleratedcure.org/downloads/phase2-toxicagents-studies.pdf or http://www.acceleratedcure.org/downloads/phase2-toxicagents-studies.xls.


Based on the universal database for expert system of molecular design of catalyst compiled Visual C++ language, using program technology facing to object, the information of knowledge base was encased into the encapsulation class. Defined over loading operator as a friend function of the data encapsulation class, the input output of data was carried out. The general windows type interfaces let users easy use the program.


Objectives: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients are at higher risk of infection compared to their healthy counterparts. Aims were identity type and incidence of skin infections, describe the use of diagnostic tests, and identify the role of dermatology consults. Methods: In this single institution retrospective chart review, data were extracted from the medical record. A clinically diagnosed skin infection was defined as any skin pathology treated with antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, or antiparasitics. The diagnostic tests data such as cultures, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) tests, and dermatology consultations were also collected. Results: A total of 92 patients and 143 skin infections were identified in the 5-year study period. The majority of infections occurred while the patient was not neutropenic. The infectious agents responsible for infections varied depending on a patient's age, neutropenia status, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) diagnosis, and transplant type. Only 25 infections (17%) received a dermatology consultation. On average, infections associated with dermatology consultation received a higher number of diagnostic tests compared to those that did not receive a dermatology consultation. Conclusions: The etiologies and severities of clinically identified skin infections in HSCT patients are varied and require continuous vigilance of dermatological health. Dermatologists are not necessarily the physician's ordering more diagnostic. Therefore, earlier assessment by dermatologists might prevent excessive laboratory testing and earlier management of severe clinically identified infections . J Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 9(2):59-67.


Inroduction by Victor A. Canto and Arthur B. Laffer Are Small Cap Stocks Still Alive? by Truman A. Clark and Arthur B. Laffer The Impact of Tax Reform on Income-Producing Real Estate by Truman A. Clark and Arthur B. Laffer The Case for a 400-Basis-Point Plunge in Interest Rates by David F. England and Arthur B. Laffer Protectionism and the Stock Market: The Determinants and Consequences of Trade Restrictions on the U.S. Economy by Victor A. Canto, J. Kimball Dietrich, Adish Jain and Vishwa Mudaliar The State Competitive Environment: 1986-1987 Update by Victor A. Canto and Arthur B. Laffer The Fat CATS Portfolio Strategy by Victor A. Canto and Arthur B. Laffer Exchange Rate Changes and the Stock Market: The Ps and Qs Meet the CATS by Victor A. Canto Conclusion: Supply-Side Portfolio Strategies by Victor A. Canto and Arthur B. Laffer


Abstract The present paper presents a high-speed photography sub-system which allows recording of frame sequence and streak images of plasma in a narrow band of the visible spectrum with high temporal and spatial resolution. Two methods are proposed for determining the distribution of the electron temperature or electron density of the plasma sheath originating in the plasma-focus phenomenon. These methods are based on theoretical considerations and processing of the results of experiments using a high-speed photography sub-system. A comparison between an experimental study of the plasma sheath structure and calculations obtained using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code is presented. Detailed explanations and considerations are exemplified by a number of results obtained both in experimental investigations and in numerical calculations.


Reminiscence. or recalling the past, is a behavior common to all ages. Research todate, however, has been conductedonly with olderadults and has failed to clearly delineate how reminiscence might be related to self-esteem. cognitive functioning, or lifesatisfaction. This study focused upon the relationship between life satisfaction and the reminiscent behavior of 309 students, young adults, middle-aged men and women and older adults. Life satisfaction scores were obtained by summing responses to the 17-items of the Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale. Two factors, Coping and Enjoyment, were derived from eleven statements regarding feelings subjects reported having while reminiscing. Multiple regression analysis revealed a weak though statistically significant (a = .01) relationship between life satisfaction and the two factors. Those who placed greater emphasis upon reminiscence as enjoymcnr tended to have higher lice satisfaction scores. Conversely, those who had highei scores on using reminiscence for c...


Financial accounting course is one of the required courses to the students who major in Economics and Management.And the course is very theoretical and practical for students to learn.In the teaching program,the quality of financial accounting course teaching is bad because of the singleness of the teaching method and the lack of combination of the theoretic and practical knowledge.Based upon the characteristic in higher vocational education,this paper discusses how to improve the teaching quality of financial accounting course from two aspects,namely textbook reformation and teaching method.


Abstract Polysilazane thin films were prepared by glow discharge polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisilazane in mixture with various gases: argon, nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia. The effect of gas type on thermal stability and chemical structure of glow discharge polysilazane was studied. Thermo-gravimetric measurements performed within a temperature range of 20–1000° C, showed that the best thermal stability was exhibited by polysilazane prepared at the presence of ammonia in the reaction mixture. IR analyses data revealed that polymers prepared from mixture with ammonia or hydrogen contained more Si-H groups than those obtained with argon or nitrogen. It proves that in the presence of ammonia or hydrogen, greater monomer fragmentation through Si-C bonds cleavage takes place. More detailed investigations were carried out for polysilazanes prepared in mixture with ammonia. It was found that thermal stability as well as chemical structure of polymer depend strongly on polymerization conditions, i. e., amm...


John Jackson has claimed that the only way all of the features observed on the Shroud of Turin could have been formed would involve the body becoming "mechanically transparent" concomitant with the appearance of a flux of vacuum-ultraviolet photons. The photons would produce the image as the cloth fell through the volume previously occupied by the body. This would explain the appearance of image on the back side of the cloth and the appearance of bones and teeth in the image. The "theory" is offered as proof of a miraculous resurrection. Unfortunately, the "theory" completely ignores some important contradictions and some important laws of nature.


This paper introduces a LED driver circuit for direct LED backlight by using feedback circuit to reduce power consumption of system, explains the feedback principal and gives the solutions that solving the problems caused by feedback circuit, finally shows the process how the FPGA control the LED driver in brief.


Althoughturbo-likecodes showsuperiorperformanceclose to Shannon's limits, their high decoding complexity is a major discrepancy for their use in communication systems. One method to alleviate the decoding complexity is the reduction of iteration number. In this letter, we show that iteration number can be reduced by giving a moderate amount of positive offset to the estimated SNR at the receiver.


Let G be a finite simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set (G). A skolem graceful labeling of G is an injective function f: V(G) → {1, 2, 3, …, |V(G)|} such that the induced labeling f': E(G) → {1, 2, 3, …, |E(G) |} defined by f'(uv) = |f(u) - f(v)|, for every uv ∈ E(G), is bijection. A graph that admits a skolem graceful labeling is said to be skolem graceful. Many authors have study skolem graceful labeling of some graphs. In this paper we study skolem graceful labeling of lobster Ln(2,r). We find that lobster graph Ln(2,r) is skolem graceful. The lobster graph Ln(2,r) is a graph formed from a path on n vertex as a backbone, each vertex in the backbone is joined to two different vertex hands, and each vertex hand is joined to r different vertex fingers each of which has degree one.


Experiments are described in which neutrons produced by mu - capture in Pb were detected by paraffin recoil protons causing fluorescence in ZnS(Ag). The experimental set-up is described. The data show that most of the neutrons have energies below-3 Mev. Since the neutrons, according to their point of origin, have traveled great distances in the mu -meson absorber and have been left as lower-energy neutrons on the basis of their energy loss through inelastic scattering in the Pb, the total intensity of recoil protons is very small, though 25 captures/minute were recorded. An even larger recoil-proton count rate would be expected if neutrons with energies greater than 25 Mev were selected. (T.R.H.)


Results reported for ..cap alpha..-diketone-sensitized photooxidation of pyrimidines indicate that pyrimidine epoxides may be formed as initial photooxidation products. These intermediates are shown to be exceedingly susceptible to the attack of neucleophiles. This mechanism is proposed as an alternative mechanism for the formation of protein-nucleic acid crosslinkings. (BLM)


In this work we found a correction of special relativity and verified the relation between inertial mass, gravitational mass and rest mass. Also we found a generalization of Newton's law of gravitation and the Logarithmic gravitational potential responsible for the flat tendency of the rotation curves in spiral galaxies. We found the cosmological constant and the vacuum energy density in term of gravitational radius .we found spatial mass distribution of dark matter haloes and the condition appears in the circular velocity curve predicted from Navarro–Frenk–White, and the planets mass defect (sun-earth). We found new equation to Hawking radiation in term of curvature. We found the geodetic drift of the planets and the value of θ=6.67528 arc sec for the earth. Finally we explained the notion of Hypermass and Hyperscale and how it can be used to find MOND.


The beta-delayed emission process of gamma rays was treated with a gross theory of beta decay and a cascade gamma transition model. The method proposed was applied to calculations of the delayed gamma-ray energy spectra for short-lived fission product nuclides that lack experimental information on their gamma-ray transition properties. The calculated results are used to complement the summation calculation of the aggregate gamma ray spectrum from an irradiated sample of fissile material after a short cooling time. A satisfactory agreement was obtained between the calculated and the measured spectra, which supported the appropriateness of the coupled gross beta and cascade gamma model. The method was also applied to the calculation of the equilibrium energy spectrum of the delayed gamma rays in operating reactors. The resulting shape resemble the prompt fission-gamma-ray spectrum.


A series of novel polyethylene glycol derivates was synthesized by esterification of chloroacetic acid with polyethylene glycol.Because of the good reactive activity of α-chlorin in the esters it can react with 5-fluorouracil,thus the conjugate can be obtained.The conjugate is characterized by IR,(()~1H-NMR) and UV spectroscopy and it shows a longer duration of activity due to the slow release.The loading content of the(PEG 2000)-5-FU conjugate was 18.6%,and as the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol heightens,the water-solubility was enhanced.When the molecular weight reaches 2000,the hydrolyzation speed is the fastest.


We report 4ps and 8ps pulse generation from a two-section monolithic InGaN/GaN laser by hybrid and passive mode-locking, respectively. Pulse trains at a repetition rate of 28.6GHz and an emission wavelength of 422nm are generated.


Introduction: Arthritis is the most common disabling disease that affects millions of people in our India. The incidence of osteoarthritis is increasing with increase in ageing population. The purpose of the study is to prospectively study the functional outcome and radiological outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty for severe varus deformity. Materials and methods: In our study 20 cases of arthritis knee treated with Total Knee Arthroplasty. Both cruciate retaining and cruciate substituting prosthesis were used. Out of 20 cases 8 were males and 12 females, left side is more commonly involved than right side. The outcome was measured using the knee society scoring system at 6months and 1 year. Results: In our study there is significant improvement in knee society scoring system post operatively. The average post-operative Knee Clinical Score was 91.6. The average post-operative Knee Functional Score was 86. In our study out of 20 cases anterior knee pain was noted in 6 cases, superficial infection in 2 cases which was treated with culture sensitive antibiotics and notching of anterior femoral cortex in 1 case. Conclusion: Total Knee Arthroplasty improves the functional ability of the patient and the ability of the patient to get back to pre-disease state, which is to have a pain free mobile joint, as reflected by the improvement in the post-op Knee Clinical Score and Knee Functional Score.


The electrical conductivity of graphite dispersions in potassium chloride (KCl) solutions in the alternating (1000 Hz) and constant electric field has been measured. In the alternating electric field (0.0005 - 0.01 М KCI) the electrical conductivity increases depending on the mass fraction of the dispersed phase. In the constant electrical conductivity (0.001 - 0.01 M KCl) the electrical conductivity changes slightly depending on the mass fraction of the dispersed phase (up to 15 % of the mass.). The electrical conductivity increases in case the dispersed phase contains 15% - 20% (mass.). In more concentrated solutions (0.1 M KCl) in the alternating and constant electric field the dependence of the electrical conductivity of the suspension decreased, and then it increased when the dispersed phase exceeded 15% - 20% (mass.). A model of the electrical conductivity of graphite dispersions in electrolytes is offered. The main contribution to the increase in the electrical conductivity in dilute electrolytes in the alternating electric field is made by the polarization of particles due to their surface conductivity. It is suggested that the aggregation of graphite particles occurs at dispersed phase concentrations of more than 15% - 20% (mass).


In recent years,the crime of robbing banks becomes more striking,the number being increasing,the nature being deteoriating.Based on an analysis of 22 bank robberies in recent years, we find that the rate of success of bank robbery is higher. The reasons for this mainly lie in the professional robbers, the availability of illegal firearms which often induce violent crimes, and the defects inside banks. Finally, we introduce a model of preventing and curbing bank robberies in order to develop the policies of preventing and controlling the crime in our country.