The conversion of mechanical vibration to electrical energy has shown great promise for extending battery life of smart sensor wireless devices for various engineering applications. This paper presents novel analytical models of a piezoelectric bimorph, using the closed-form boundary value (CFBV) method, for predicting the electromechanical power harvester frequency response. The derivations of the coupled electromechanical dynamic response of the transverse-longitudinal (CEDRTL) form based on the CFBV method were developed using the reduced strong form method of the Hamiltonian principle. The equations from CEDRTL can be reduced to give the coupled electromechanical dynamic response of the transverse (CEDRT) form. The electromechanical frequency response functions with variable load resistance were also given in detail using Laplace transformation. The two theoretical studies are compared together and validated with an experimental study. For some cases, when the load resistance approached open circuit, the difference between CEDRTL and CEDRT tended to be more pronounced. Conversely, the CEDRTL and CEDRT models tended to overlap when the load resistance approached short circuit. Nyquist plots are used to demonstrate the shifting frequency and amplitude changes due to variable resistance. Overall, the experimental and CEDRTL model results were very close to each other.


Collecting network traffic is becoming a more challenging task in passive network measurement due to the rapid growth of link speed. Flow-based network traffic capture and storage is an efficient way for high-speed network measurement. Based on the statistical investigation of the correlations between flow size and the maximum packet interinterval time of consecutive packets within a flow, we obtain the empirical conditional distribution functions for some popular TCP protocol-based application flows, and then propose a probability-guaranteed adaptive timeout algorithm (PGAT) for flow termination decision. The assessment criteria for the flow termination decision algorithm is systematically developed. Comparisons on flow generation ratio, flow intact ratio, and mean flow extra retaining time metrics indicate that the PGAT algorithm can obtain more attractive performance than other schemes.


The invention discloses a gas exhaust water-cooled turbine supercharger for an explosion-proof diesel engine. A waste gas runner connected with a water-cooling gas exhaust pipe of the diesel engine is arranged in a turbine shell; a turbine shell water chamber is arranged on the turbine shell and comprises a water inlet and a water outlet; the water inlet is connected to a circulating water tank by a water inlet pipe; the circulating water tank is connected with a supercharging pump; the water outlet is connected with a return water storage tank; and a water return port is arranged on the return water storage tank and is connected with the circulating water tank by a water return pipe. The gas exhaust water-cooled turbine supercharger for the explosion-proof diesel engine is especially suitable for the explosion-proof diesel engine and has the advantages that the temperature of a housing of the turbine supercharger can be reduced, underground working safety and power of the diesel engine are improved and the like.


Innovation is the engine that will enable a sustainable future (Mann and Dekoninck, 2003; Souchkov, 2010).
This is a leading principle in this thesis, which deals with innovation in the civil engineering industry. The
thesis focuses on a specific goal: to encourage a contractor to build in a sustainable way for the Operate and
Maintenance (O&M) phase of the buildings' lifecycle, within a Design & Construct (D&C) building model. It will
pose that innovation on the long run will lead to solutions that decrease use of energy, materials, dimensions
and dynamics for a specific problem. The thesis maps barriers for innovation during the initial stages of the
building life cycle and proposes TRIZ ('Systematic Innovation') as a methodology to encourage innovative
processes during this stage. It exposes the importance of encouraging innovation by governmental bodies
and other clients during the procurement stage to be able to change the construction industry to a more
socially responsible industry. The research has been carried out at Grontmij B.V. in de Bilt within the
purchasing and contract management section of Team Projects


Objective: To observe effects of different analgesics on myocardial ischemia(MI) in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) undergoing noncardiac surgery.Methods: 169 patients were divided into three groups,patient contralled epidural analgesia(PCEA) group,IM group and control group.The incidence of MI,the number of ischemic episodes per hour,the duration of MI,the area under the curve per hour and VAS scores were recorded for at least 48 hours after surgery.Results: Systemic relieving pain using PCEA availably reduced the incidence of MI,the number of ischemic episodes per hour,the duration of MI,the area under the curve per hour and VAS scores.There was significant difference between PCEA group and the other groups(P0.01).Conclusion: Perfect relieving pain is necessary after surgery and can reduce MI in CHD patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.


Treatment of 4-allyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedione with a catalytic amount of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 (5 mol %) and a stoichiometric amount of CuCl2 (2.2 equiv) in dioxane at 60 °C for 12 h formed 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropyl-5-methylfuran in 77% isolated yield. A number of α-alkenyl β-diketones underwent oxidative alkoxylation under these conditions to form 2,3,5-trisubsituted furans in moderate to good yield.


Joseph M. Sussman is the JR East Professor (endowed by the East Japan Railway Company) in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Engineering Systems Division at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he has served as a faculty member for 43 years. He is the author of Introduction to Transportation Systems, a graduate text published in 2000, in use at a number of universities in the U.S. and abroad. His book Perspectives on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) was published in 2005. Sussman received the Roy W. Crum Distinguished Service Award from TRB, its highest honor, "for significant contributions to research" in 2001, and the CUTC Award for Distinguished Contribution to University Transportation Education and Research from the Council of University Transportation Centers in 2003. In 2002, ITS Massachusetts named its annual "Joseph M. Sussman Leadership Award" in his honor. He became a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2007. In 2008, he won the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the School of Engineering Alumni of the City College of New York.


This qualitative study was conducted using focus groups to explore the strategies commonly employed by older adults (N = 37) to manage multiple chronic conditions. Key strategies identified were relating with health care providers, medicating, exercising, changing dietary patterns, seeking information, relying on spirituality and∕or religion, and engaging in life. Although social support was not mentioned as a discrete strategy, the participants' social networks were embedded in all of the categories. This study supports building a partnership of care in which nurses and other health care professionals function in supportive and educative roles to enhance the older person's lifelong self-care management and ability to stay in control of multiple chronic health conditions.


Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more calvarial sutures leading to disruption of allometric growth and resulting in an abnormal skull shape. Epidemiologic studies have shown that craniosynostosis is among the most common human malformations with an occurrence of approximately 1 in 3000 infants of all ethnic and racial groups (1). It has been established that craniosynostosis represents a heterogeneous group of disorders arising from both environmental factors such as in utero constraint and genetic causes. Most often clinicians diagnose it as a sporadic and isolated anomaly, and clinical geneticists have delineated over 100 syndromes with the majority having an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with variable expressivity (Fig. 1, Table 1). The overlap in phenotypic features for some craniosynostosis syndromes can complicate diagnoses. In syndromic cases, affected individuals usually have additional craniofacial dysmorphisms and ocular, auditory, limb, and cardiovascular abnormalities, suggesting that their causative genes are expressed not only during calvarial suture development, but also in the developing craniofacial region, limb and heart. As for any large, multifactorial, and . heterogeneous group of human conditions with the same underlying developmental abnormality, the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis is not well understood. Prior to the 199Os, the molecular basis for any of these conditions, or for that matter for virtually all developmental defects, had not been delineated. Yet in the past few years exciting and significant progress has been made toward implicating several mutant gene families as causative in some syndromic or rarer forms of craniosynostosis (Table 2). One of the recent discoveries was mutations in the TWIST gene in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome patients (2, 3). Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (MIM 101400) is a common (1/25 000-1/50 000 livebirths), autosomal dominant craniosynostosis condition primarily involving the coronal suture, leading to a brachycephalic skull shape with shortened antero-posterior diameter (4). Associated


The article considers a method of mathematical modeling of the production team (operational teams) based on the theory of information chains aimed at studying and evaluating the indicators of occupational injuries and work-related morbidity in the electric power complex of the Russian Federation. The article presents a developed hypothesis on the low frequency nature of external factors impacting the work team. It is suggested to consider injury provoking factors, factors resulting in work-related morbidity information, and educational flows as the input variables, with industrial injuries and work-related morbidity regarded as output values.


In this work, a GQDs/Pt decorated nanoporous SnO2 thin film with high crystallinity and nanostructure ordering is firstly fabricated in situ on a sensor device using water vapor hydrothermal treatment which then acted as an excellent acetone chemiresistor. Intriguingly, the nanoporous SnO2 thin film displays a regular change of sensing behavior with reversible transition from p- to n-type sensing as a function of acetone concentration (AC) and GQD content (GC) at room temperature. An AC–GC transition diagram has been created in terms of the gas sensing response. Accordingly, this will be a promising way to finding a versatile sensor system, by the precise control of the GQDs content on the SnO2 surface. The mechanism deriving from the acetone sensing transitions points out the nature of the materials.


Study on the oncogenesis of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) in monkeys was initiated by Munroe and Windle (1963) who inoculated Carr-Zilber strain of RSV into newborn rhesus monkeys and demonstrated induction of subcutaneous sarcomas. The same strain of RSV was also shown to be oncogenic in various species of monkeys such as Macaca mulatta, Macaca nemestrinus, and Papio hamadryas (Zilber et al., 1965). Successful tumor induction by Schmidt-Ruppin (SR) strain of RSV was demonstrated in New World monkeys (Deinhardt, 1966). Recently, Casey et al. (1966) reported tumor induction in rhesus monkeys by SR-RSV and development of CF antibody in the sera of tumor bearing monkeys, but they failed to detect CF antigen in the tumors. The present paper describes the results of preliminary studies on the oncogenesis of SR-RSV in newborn cynomolgus monkeys. The SR-RSV was obtained from University Laboratories, Highland Park, New Jersey, U. S. A., and passed once in RIF (Resistance Inducing Factor)-free chickens. COFAL (Complement Fixation for Avian Leukosis) test was conducted according to the method described by Sarma et al. (1964) using 20% extract of chicken tumor induced by SR-RSV as an antigen, and pooled serum of hamsters bearing tumor transplant of 15th passage as a reference serum*. In vitro focus reduction technique developed by Rubin et al. (1961) was employed for virus neutralization. The first monkey was inoculated subcutaneously on both thighs with a minced chicken tumor cell suspension (4.5•~106 cells per inoculation site) on the day of birth. Onset of tumor was first recognized 11 days after inoculation. Development of tumor was shown in Fig. 1. Maximum tumor development was observed approximately 7 to 8 weeks after inoculation (Fig. 2a), and then the tumors started to regress. Fourteen weeks after inoculation, the tumors regressed completely. Serum was collected 14 weeks, 21 weeks, and 25 weeks after inoculation. By the COFAL test, antibody titers were shown to be 1:128, 1:32, and 1:16, respectively, indicating development of specific antibody, although presence of non-specific antibody against normal chick embryonic tissue extract was also demonstrated at a low level. The second monkey was inoculated with a cell-free extract of SR-RSV chicken tumor (104 FFU per inoculation site) by the same route. Tumors appeared in 16 days at the sites of inoculation, and were excised at autopsy on the 30th day of inoculation. Histopathologically the tumor was shown to be fibrosarcoma (Figs. 2b and 2c). Electron microscopic examination of the tumor revealed the presence of crystalline aggregates of particles in the cytoplasm which seemed to be the same type of particles as observed by Munroe et al. (1964) in the tumors of rhesus monkeys inoculated with Carr-Zilber


INTRODUCTION: Trabecular bone can resist considerable forces even when it is loaded in the post-yield range [1]. Such post-yield behavior is due to both its micro-architecture and tissue properties, but what each of these factors contributes is unknown. A better understanding of this behavior is important for estimates of mechanical integrity in collapsed vertebrae, a condition commonly found in osteoporosis. Nonlinear micro-finite element (μFE) analysis, a novel computational tool, was used successfully to predict trabecular yield properties [2] and to demonstrate geometric nonlinear behavior in post-yield simulations [3]. In this study we evaluated the contribution of failure behavior in trabecular bone tissue itself. We used nonlinear μFE analysis to test two bone-tissue failure models that might predict apparent failure behavior. Predicted results were compared to experimental results by evaluating load-displacement curves and, at the local level, trabecular deformations.


To reduce the large residual deformation of buckling-restrained braces after strong earthquake, and facilitate structural repair, an assembled self-centering buckling restrained brace with combined disc springs (SC-BRB) is invented. The characteristics of the hysteretic curve can be effectively controlled by the yield force of the energy dissipation system and the pre-pressure of the self-centering system. The construction and mechanism of the novel SC-BRB were described, and the theoretical hysteretic model under cyclic loading was derived. Three different types of SC-BRBs were designed and fabricated. The residual displacement and hysteretic energy dissipation were analyzed through the quasi-static tests, and self-centering effect and failure mode were discussed. The experimental results show that the SC-BRB has flag shaped hysteretic curve and stable energy dissipation capacity. The combined disc spring self-centering system greatly reduces the residual deformation. The theoretical hysteretic model proposed in this paper agrees well with the experimental results. The novel SC-BRB is an effective self-centering damper with stable energy dissipation capacity.


Blood biochemistry is routinely used in veterinary medicine to evaluate the health status of animals and poultry. The experiment was designed to evaluate serum metabolites and haematological parameters of pullet chicks fed cassava root products (CRPs). Diet 1 contained 100% maize and served as the control diet (CD). Diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 50% unpeeled cassava chip (UCC), unpeeled cassava pellet (UCP) and unpeeled cassava grit (UCG), respectively, while diets 5, 6 and 7 contained 100% of respective cassava products. There were three replicates of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. At the seventh week, blood samples were carefully collected from three birds from each replicate for haematological indices and serum metabolites. Results on haematological indices showed that values recorded were not adversely (p < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Birds fed CD had packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values that were similar (p > 0.05) to values recorded by birds fed cassava based diets. The respective values ranged from 18.50% to 24.50%, 11.30 g/dL to 12.75 g/dL, 2.43 × 10/mm to 3.69 × 10/mm, 32.96 μmg to 50.87 μmg and 44.65% to 63.41%. Serum glucose and thiocyanate were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by inclusion of CRPs. Serum thiocyanate of birds fed the CD (0.14 mg/dL) was lower (p < 0.05) than values recorded for those fed 50% and 100% UCC, UCP and UCG (2.33 and 2.56, 2.25 and 2.47, 2.19 and 2.38 mg/dL, respectively). Also values of serum glucose of birds fed 100% UCC, UCP and UCG (181.52, 179.64 and 173.24 mg/dL, respectively) were higher (p < 0.05) than CD. However, serum protein and its fractions were not affected. Conclusively, haematological indices were not adversely affected by dietary treatment, but serum glucose and thiocyanate were affected.


The study investigated the effect of Inquiry-Based Teaching Technique on student's performance in lathe-machine operation in Rivers State technical colleges. Two research questions guided the study. Quasi-experimental design, specifically, the nonrandomized control group design involving two intact classes were used. The population was 62 National Technical Certificate (NTC) II metal-work trades students of two technical colleges in Rivers State. Lathe-machine Performance Test (LMPT) instrument were developed, validated and used for data collection. Reliability of the instrument was 0.82. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze data collected in respect to the research questions. Findings of the study revealed that inquiry-based teaching technique has significant effect on student's performance in lathe-machine operation. This is evident in the mean performance of students taught with the inquiry-based teaching technique in chamfering operation x = 32.07, and grooving operation x = 31.85. While students taught with conventional teaching technique had a mean performance of x = 26.50 in chamfering operation and grooving operation x = 24.75. It implies that from the findings, that there is need for teachers of lathe-machine operation to employ the use of inquiry-based teaching technique in teaching as it proves more effective in improving student's performance in lathe-machine operation. It is recommended that state and federal ministries of education including professional bodies such as Nigerian Vocational Association (NVA), Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) and National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) should organize workshops, seminars and conferences to train and encourage teachers on the use of this innovative technique among others.


The article presents essential problems of the reverse engineering of the bytecode of the application for the Java virtual machine. It concentrates on methods of code obfuscation. A structure of the bytecode files was analysed and available programs were tested for obfuscating them. Using obtained information a tool application was implemented, that realized the most popular obfuscation methods. Next the article describes three new obfuscation techniques. First of them exchanges identifiers: classes, class attributes, methods and its parameters inside bytecode. Second one adds extra method parameter. Third one bases on changing identifiers of variables on one shared. The authors proposal is usage of "this" keyword as common identifier. The article is also explains details of implementation of proposed methods in the demonstration applicaZaciemnianie kodu bajtowego aplikacji dla maszyny wirtualnej KVM 113 tion. Several designed classes (elements of object oriented programming) are shortly described. At the end of article authors presents possible ways of developing of proposed techniques. The method of the exchange of identifiers could store mapping from new names to older names. A possibility of reconstructing original names from a file with written mapping of identifiers would be also interesting. Another improvement could be using the dictionary of words and its counterpart with opposite meaning for example could open – close. Identifiers built from dictionary words could be replaced with opposites.


The invention discloses a method and a compression device for compressing a stream of data from a source to at least a sink comprising the steps of: - determining at least a first bandwidth and a second bandwidth of a network, which are the source for transmitting the data stream to at least one sink is available; and - compressing the data stream with at least a first compression ratio to a first compressed data stream and a second compression rate to a second compressed data stream, wherein said first compression rate is chosen so that it is optimized for transmission with the first bandwidth and the second compression rate so is chosen such that it is optimized for transmission at the second bandwidth; and - simultaneously providing the first compressed data stream and the second compressed data stream


This work focused on the investigation of the effect of zirconium incorporation into the structure of the Ni/AlSBA-15 catalyst on its performance in high-temperature conversion of cellulose (the main component of lignocellulosic feedstock) to hydrogen-rich gas. The modified supports were prepared by direct incorporation of zirconium and impregnation methods. The obtained results exhibited that introduction of zirconium into the structure of Ni/AlSBA-15 allowed for a considerable increase in the amount of hydrogen produced in the studied process in comparison to unmodified Ni/AlSBA-15 material. The characterization of physicochemical properties of the investigated materials (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, temperature-programmed reduction, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, etc.) showed that the preparation of mesoporous Ni/ZrAlSBA-15 with the use of the direct synthesis method led to obtaining ...


Needle insertions have been used in several minimally invasive procedures for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Real‐time position of the needle tip is an important information in needle steering systems.


. This study discusses the use of booklet media in overcoming bullying behaviour in low-grade elementary schools. This study uses a 4-D research and development (R&D) method: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The study results obtained validation from experts in the material, media, and language showed that the booklet that was developed met the valid criteria and was suitable for use. The validation test results by elementary school teachers in Bogor Regency, which consisted of 30 booklet teachers, were very relevantto be used, did not need to be revised. A large-scale trial to grade 3 elementary school students in Bogor obtained that the booklet media was valid and suitable for use. The results of students' understanding of bullying at the beginning were shallow, amounting to only 31.03 percent while after learning given using the booklet media rose to 72.41%. Thus this media booklet can be used as early prevention of bullying deviant behaviour. The use of booklet media with all its weaknesses and advantages is expected to positively influence the loss of bullying behaviour among students so that harmony is established within the school environment and realizing the school as a safe, comfortable, and pleasant place. Also, the school, as an educational institution, becomes a place to gain knowledge and develop one's maturity to show that he is intelligent rationally, emotionally, socially, and spiritually.


Mediation in general can be defined as one way of dispute settlement
through negotiation process to get agreement of parties assisted by a mediator.
The regulation concerning to the process of mediation in the Court is regulated in
PERMA No. 1 of 2016 on Court Mediation Procedures. Essentially, the obligation
to carry out the mediation process in the Court as regulated in PERMA No. 1 of
2016 on Mediation Procedures in Courts is a revitalization of Article 130 HIR /
154 RBg of civil law procedure which obliges judges to reconcile civil cases first
before case review. The integration of mediation in the courts is a revolution
implemented by the Supreme Court to improve the role of the judiciary as an
institution that serves the justice seekers in a simple, fast and inexpensive and is
expected to overcome the problem of cases accumulation, especially in the
cassation level. However, in fact, the objective has not been achieved considering
that the success rate of mediation in court is still quite low, one of them is found in
the District Court of Purwokerto. The objective of this research was to find out
and to analyze the cause of the less optimal implementation of mediation in the
court as well as to find out and to analyze the strengthening of mediation in the
resolution of civil dispute in Purwokerto District Court. Doctrinal research
approach was used as the research method, this approach provides a detailed
systematic explanation of the rules governing certain legal categories, analyzing
the correlation between regulations, explaining areas with its obstacles, and
predicting future developments. The result of this research is that the
implementation of mediation process in Purwokerto District Court has been in
accordance with PERMA rules no. 1 Year 2016 on Mediation Procedures in
Courts, but it has not been able to achieve optimal results due to several
inhibiting factors such as law enforcement, community and culture. To further
optimize the success of mediation in the courts, a mediating step should be taken
to provide an understanding of mandatory mediation, changing the mindset of
lawyers to their clients' interests, improving mediator expertise, providing
incentives for the judges who successfully perform their functions as mediators,
and adopting the application of mediation systems of other state courts that have
succeeded in reconciling the disputing parties


In the parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) the load torque and speed control are the key point for efficient driving vehicle. A dynamic model of PHEV derived by an induction motor (IM) and an internal combustion engine (ICE) is made using Simulink package in Matlab. A comparison between a conventional PID controller and a fuzzy logic control (FLC) method. Also, analysis of IM with FL at variable load torque and speed is given. Simulation results show that the proposed FLC of speed provides high-performance dynamic characteristics and is robust with regard to motor parameter variations and load change. Finally a model of PHEV powered with IM and ICE is shown to be valid for different road cycles.


A plausible argument using the concepts of dynamic renormalisation group is used to derive the dynamical exponent z of the one-dimensional q=2, 3 and 4 Potts and four-state clock models. The exact result (z=2) for the Ising model with Glauber dynamics is recovered and in addition the authors find that the q=3, 4 Potts and four-state clock models belong to the same universality class. Moreover they find that z=3.05+or-0.1 for the (q=2) Potts model with Kawasaki dynamics in agreement with the z=4- eta prediction of Halperin, Hohenberg and Ma (1974). A simple qualitative derivation is also given.


With the rapid expansion of the scale of graduate students,university and college two-level administration in graduate student education came into being.However,the implementation process is also faced with some problems,such as communication,the division of responsibility,funding and assessment mechanisms.In order to solve these problems,it is necessary to strengthen the leadership to unify the planning;define the responsibilities to adjust the management functions effectively,to perfect the rules and regulations to mobilize the enthusiasm of colleges and to develop trainings to strengthen team-building of the work.


This article is a statement on education by James A. Walsh, a candidate to be President-Elect of the American Chemical Society in 2007.


Though the genocide in Rwanda occurred in 1994, its debilitating effects on the survivors persist, and probably will continue to persist for many years, if not generations. This paper explores the question of why a simple Western tradition may have helped a Rwandan woman to emerge from a 13-year-old state of grief. The key elements involved in her transformation were: resilience, timing, connection, and creativity. Additionally, positive regard and sincere respect can promote healing and can transcend language and culture. Parallels between self-in-relation theory and trauma recovery work are discussed. Social workers must strive to be culturally competent, but should not underestimate the effectiveness of their essential social work training and practical experience.


Sustainable development is a well-known term. Sustainable development includes development of cities and communities, industry and infrastructure, innovation and other areas, where no achievement would be possible without caring about the past – our cultural heritage. This paper explains the four-pillar principle of sustainable development of cultural heritage, where each pillar is an amalgamation of various domains. The need to pursue sustainable development of cultural heritage was pointed out in many reports by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), Council of Europe, and others. These important organisations stress the need to preserve heritage, and adaptation is considered an effective means for it. This paper dwells on how and at which stage of cultural heritage life cycle the decision of adaptation should be taken, and what stages it should be preceded and followed by in order to ensure the said shift to sustainable development. The decision of adaptation is seen as a key milestone in the cyclical life of a heritage building, which needs to be set to guarantee the continuation of the building's sustainable development.


The western area of Dongting lake is one of the main marketable grain base in our country,and an important marketable base for pork,reed hemp and the freshwater aquiculture.Because of its geographical position,this area not only undertake the problem of many residents' lives and development,but also give play to storing flood-waters.Protecting the dispersion of vegetation in this area is basic for the function of restoring flood-water.Therefore,from analyzing the problems of the resources exploitation and use,and concerning about the higher unity of economy,social benefit and environment,it is very important to transform the model of resources use in the western area of Dongting lake.


The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) developed the "Guide to Wetland Mitigation Issues for Transportation Designers" for the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), published in September 1996. The manual provides a bridge of understanding between the specialized disciplines of wetland ecology and regulation and highway design. AASHTO recognizes a need to improve understanding and collaboration between highway designers and environmental staff The manual is written in a readable, jargon-free style suited to the non-technical reader. It provides information on wetland functions, policy and regulations, mitigation options, the mitigation site development process and post-construction management. It was based on several years of practical experience gained in each phase of mitigation planning, design construction, planting and monitoring. The manual emphasizes practical options for wetland impacts avoidance and minimization, and sets out a step by step, multi-disciplinary approach to the mitigation site development process. It discusses the special issues relating to contractor selection and coordination, obtaining plant materials, accurate site grading for specific hydrological conditions, soil amendment, and planting techniques and timing. The guide has been applied by ODOT in numerous wetland mitigation sites, including its first mitigation bank at Dalton Lake, the subject of another paper at this conference. Origin and Purpose of Manual The AASHTO "Guide to Wetland Mitigation Issues for Transportation Designers" ("manual") was developed by the AASHTO Task Force for Environmental Design between 1993 and 1994, and published in September 1996. The staff of Oregon Department of Transportation Environmental Services, under the direction of its manager and task force member Eb Engelmann, took the lead in writing the manual. 1 Senior Wetland Biologist, W&H Pacific, Inc. 8405 SW Nimbus Ave., Beaver-ton, OR 97008 2 Wetland Specialist, ODOT Environ. Services, 1158 Chemeketa St. NE, Salem OR 97310


Abstract 4290 Background Some patients of CML in chronic phase receive reduced doses of imatinib due to some adverse effects. Recently, the efficacy of reduced dose of imatinib for the patients with small BSA was reported by our group and Japanese group, recently. This study was tried to verify the hypothesis of which BSA of CML patients might be an important factor to predict the effect of reduced dose imatinib. Method Fifty-six patients having record of BSA from the Korea University Medical Center who were treated with imatinib were retrospectively analyzed. Result All of the patients started the imatinib therapy with 400mg/day dose. 20 patients (35.7%) among them were reduced dose to 300mg and 4 of them were further reduced to 200mg/day. The main reasons for dose reduction were severe neutropenia or thrombocytopenia (grade 3 or 4) (89.4%). Following the dose reduction, the rate of toxicity was reduced and treatment was resumed and the dose was gradually increased until 9 patients tolerated a maintenance dose of 400mg/day and remainder had been taken the reduced dose. The cumulative CCR at 12 months was similar in both group (P = 0.89, 70.0% in reduced dose vs 72.7% in standard dose). The mean imatinib dose/BSA was significantly lower in patients receiving the reduced dose compared with those receiving the standard dose (P Conclusion From this study, we could find that the reduced dose of imatinib in CML patients might assure the relatively satisfactory response with low intolerable adverse effects. But we could not verify that BSA was the main factor to predict the effect of reduced dose of imatinib. So, further studies including though level of imatinib will be needed to clarify the effect of reduced dose of imatinib. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Extract:

Design Histories and Design Studies in East Asia have been developing steadily, but unfortunately this has not been widely recognized in the UK or in other Euroamerican centres of this field. In this series of short articles, we would like to give a brief overview of the notable local developments in Japan (Part 1, by Yuko Kikuchi), PRC/Hong Kong/Taiwan (Part 2, by Wendy S. Wong) and Korea (Part 3, by Yunah Lee).


The evaluation of coal resources a ss ets is the important and basic work to carry out asset style management of coal resources, and the reliability of classification of coal resource assets is the precondition to complete the work effectively. Several classification models is founded according to the characteristic of coal resource assets——classificati on model based on Fuzzy Clustering, classification model based on BP networks an d classification model based on Adaptive Resonance Theory networks, the software about the classification is worked out accordingly, the validity of the models is proved by the example. Compare and analysis is carried out to the models bui lt above and suggests on the use of the models is brought forward.


Prior literature determined four business model elements as driving forces behind social enterprises' performance; customer structure, stakeholder relationships, scalability and innovativeness. This study quantitatively researched the relations of such elements to the social enterprises' financial and social performance. Contrary to prior believes this study solely found statistical evidence for stakeholder relationships and scalability as performance drivers. Stakeholder relationships showed a positive relation to social impact depth while scalability established a positive relation to social impact breath. Moreover, scalability also had a positive relation to financial self-sufficiency. This study's results acknowledge the importance of the venture's age, size and international focus as moderating effects. Finally, the results of this study and their relation to the hypotheses clearly advocate for favouring the stakeholder theory over the resource based view and evolutionary economics theory within the field of social entrepreneurship.


Domain wall velocity and nucleation rate in 250nm-thick epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 thin films were studied by piezoresponse scanning force microscopy (PFM). Domain growth observed after applying switching pulses shorter than the switching time can be described using the Ishibashi theory. At a pulse voltage of +5V, experimental results indicated that new nucleation occurred during the switching period, which corresponded to the Category I in the Ishibashi theory. Switching time, domain wall velocity and nucleation rate at +5V can be obtained as 70ns, 8.3m/s and 43μs -1 μm -2 , respectively. As compared with experimental results reported in BaTiO 3 single crystals, domain wall velocity was much smaller but nucleation rate was much larger than those in single crystals.


When an induction motor is running at stable speed and low slip, the fault signal of the induction motor's broken bar faults are easily submerged by the power frequency (50 Hz) signal. Thus, it is difficult to extract fault characteristics. The left-side harmonic component representing the fault characteristics can be distinguished from power frequency owing to V-shaped trajectory of the fault component in time-frequency (t-f) domain during motor startup. This article proposed a scheme to detect broken bar faults and discriminate the severity of faults under starting conditions. In this scheme, successive variable mode decomposition (SVMD) is applied to analyze the stator starting current to extract the fault component, and the signal reconstruction is proposed to maximize the energy of the fault component. Then, the quadratic regression curve method of instantaneous frequency square value of the fault component is utilized to discriminate whether the fault occurs. In addition, according to the feature that the energy of the fault component increases with the fault severity, the energy of the right part of the fault component is proposed to detect the severity of the fault. In this paper, experiments are carried out based on a 5.5 kW three-pole induction motor. The results show that the scheme proposed in this paper can diagnose the broken bar faults and determine the severity of the fault.


This paper proposes a mechanism for the provision of multiple classes of QoS (quality of service) in an ATM output multiplexer shared by multiple QoS classes of cell stream. First, we propose a multi-step cell class acceptance controller which controls the acceptance of the source classes based nonlinearly on the state of the queue. After that, we present a queueing analysis using the discrete time finite capacity G/D/1/B queue model and derive some important QoS measures. Finally, we discuss the implications of the work via numerical experiments.


I'm honoured to receive the Gill Memorial Medal, and to be elected to that group of distinguished ornithologists who have received the medal in the past. Reading through the addresses given by previous Gill Medal recipients suggests that the address given is of two forms – either a kind of mini-review of a particular set of ornithological questions, or a kind of extended CV of the recipient. My approach is a bit of a hybrid between the two: a few questions, some results of research and a little CV. For about the last 20 years I've worked on birds in arid ecosystems, mainly in the Karoo and Namib in southern Africa. My work on birds has been largely on their roles in ecosystem functioning, rather than single-species studies on the birds themselves. Most of this research, in the early days at least, was under the umbrella of the Karoo Biome Project, set up in 1985. This was part of the now defunct Terrestrial Ecosystems Programme initiated by the Foundation for Research Development. In 1987 research focused on a study site (Tierberg) east of Prince Albert (Milton et al. 1992). Students and researchers from the University of Cape Town and the University of Port Elizabeth (now Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University) were involved in several projects on the site, but the only full-time researchers based at the site were Sue Milton and myself. In the early 1980s there was some concern that Karoo rangelands were degrading. It was thought that the reason for this degradation was poor recruitment of plants into the system due to a lack of seeds. Our research focused on granivory, with the main question being asked and investigated was whether granivory and the consumption of seeds by birds and other animals was important in community structure and ecosystem functioning in the Karoo. The subsequent research addressed many questions directly and indirectly related to the main question. Seed dispersal by birds received attention and it also became apparent that local and landscape movements by birds may be important in increasing the local consumption of seeds and the energy fl ow through the Karoo ecosystem. Here, I present short accounts of two of the projects done during the last 20 years, not necessarily on the Tierberg study site. Many of the other projects, and ecological patterns and processes in the Karoo, have been published in Dean and Milton (1999), and much of what has been learned about birds in the Karoo was included in species accounts in Hockey et al. (2005).


To the Editor: In the article "Recent Advances in the Understanding of the Penicillin Urticarias" by Otis F. Jillson and Paul S. Porter, which appeared in the issue of theArchives of Dermatologyof August 1965 the statement is made: "One of these degradation products, penicillenic acid, is the antigenic determinant in most cases of penicillin hypersensitivity." Much experimental and clinical work has been done to detect the antigenic determinants of penicillin sensitivity in man and it appears important to bring to attention that it is the benzylpenicilloyl haptenic group which is the major antigenic determinant in most cases of penicillin sensitivity. 1 The accompanying diagram illustrates the rearrangement of penicillin G to penicillenic acid and the combination of penicillenic acid with lysine-amino groups of proteins to form the benzylpenicilloyl-lysine-protein linkage. This is structurally quite different from the penicillenic acid-protein linkage also illustrated in the diagram which shows the formation


In this article, an ESL instructor reflects on her preconceptions of power and control in the classroom. In the community-based program described, learners determined not only when and where classes would take place, but also the aims, curriculum, and content of the program. The challenges of this setting required the instructor to redefine her role in the classroom. After pursuing a more thorough review of the literture, the author hegan to realize that she had come upon a model that is not new and is part of a well-established tradition of participatory learning.


Adsorption behavior of a hydrocarbon mixture (propene, toluene, decane) mimicking Diesel cold-start was investigated under dry and wet conditions for commercial HY zeolites with a Si/Al ratio ranging from 2.5 to 100. Textural and structural characterizations were carried out using N2 adsorption at 77 K and X-ray diffraction. In situ FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine was exploited to probe acidic sites. The methodology used in this study consisted of adsorption phase at 35 °C with several kinds of mixtures followed by a Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD) at 10 °C/min. At high Si/Al ratio, a competitive thermodynamic adsorption between toluene and decane was demonstrated. To the opposite, propene is substantially not adsorbed whatever the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite. By decreasing the Si/Al ratio, the presence of large amounts of acidic sites enhances adsorption of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Water adsorption was found to be detrimental for HC storage due to hydrophilic nature.


Random probability measures are the main tool for Bayesian nonparametric inference, with their laws acting as prior distributions. Many well-known priors used in practice admit different, though equivalent, representations. In terms of computational convenience, stick-breaking representations stand out. In this paper we focus on the normalized inverse Gaussian process and provide a completely explicit stick-breaking representation for it. This result is of interest both from a theoretical viewpoint and for statistical practice. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.


This paper reflects the design and comparison of different Phase Frequency Detectors (PFD) used in Phase Locked Loop (PLL) using different logic gates. A PFD plays a major role in PLL, it detects both phase and frequency of a signal. In this paper a PFD is implemented using three different gates like AND, NOR and NAND gates. An AND based PFD produces accurate results and eliminate-s the missing edge and phase ambiguity problems, where NAND based PFD generates moderate output and its can be implemented using less number of transistors so the power dissipation will be less when compared with the AND based PFD but the RMS noise is high. Finally by using the NOR based PFD generates accurate results with less power dissipation and reduced RMS noise and it eliminates the missing edge and phase ambiguity problems. In this paper three PFDs are compared in terms of quality of the output, power dissipation and the RMS noise. These PFDs are implemented in Type-II PLL with design of charge pump, low pass filter and voltage controlled oscillator. The parameters calculations and the observation of waveforms are done using the Mentor Graphics Tool.


Thermal Properties of an Upper Tidal Flat Sediment on the Texas Gulf Coast. (December 2006) Nicholas C. Cramer, B.S., Purdue University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. James L. Heilman Increased land use change near fragile ecosystems can affect the ecosystem energy balance leading to increased global warming. One component of surface energy balance is soil storage heat flux. In past work, a complex thermal behavior was noticed in the shrink-swell sediment of the upper Nueces Delta (upper Rincon) during summer months as it dried. Soil storage heat flux was found to first increase, then decrease, as the soil dried. It was suggested that the complex behavior was due to the relationship between thermal diffusivity and soil moisture, where thermal diffusivity increases to a local maximum before decreasing with respect to decreasing soil moisture. This study explores the observed phenomenon in a controlled laboratory environment by relating the sediment shrinkage curve to changing heat transfer properties. Due to the complicated nature of the drying-shrinking sediment, it was necessary to measure the sediment shrinkage curve and heat transfer properties in separate experiments. The shrinkage curve was found by correlating measured sample volume with gravimetric moisture content. Heat transfer properties were found using a single needle heat pulse probe. A normalized gravimetric moisture content was used as a common variable to relate the shrinkage curve and heat transfer data.


Differentiation between the Wilms' tumor (WT) and the intrarenal neuroblastoma (IRNB) is imperative, as the prognosis and the treatment are different for these conditions. It may pose a diagnostic challenge to distinguish them pre-operatively. Over the period of last 10 years (1990-1999), 3 children aged 2 months to 4 years were diagnosed to have IRNB. 2 cases were operated with a provisional diagnosis of WT, but on histology were found to have neuroblastoma. Taking benefit from our previous experience, the third case we encountered with a renal lump and bony metastasis with clinical features not consistent with the diagnosis of Wilms' tumor was further investigated. Urinary catecholamines were significantly elevated and there was bone marrow involvement and positive bone scan for multiple bony metastasis. 2 patients are on chemotherapy and follow-up for last 6 months, while 1 died 6 years back after a follow-up of 2 years. Patients who have a renal mass on imaging, with clinical features of rapid deterioration in general condition and evidence of bony secondaries, should undergo work-up for neuroblastoma pre-operatively to confirm the diagnosis.


This paper discussed the measurement of radiated emissions of electromagnetic disturbances generated by diesel electric locomotive system. The measurement methodology, permissible values of a magnetic and electric field according to EN 50121-3-1 standard during driving and standstill for electric diesel locomotive are presented. The article presents examples of test results and an assessment of the obtained measurement results in the electric and diesel traction according to the applicable requirements.


In the article development is analyzed legislation of Ukraine about the personal peasant economies. As a result of research the selection of the followings periods of development of the indicated legislation is offered: of times of the USSR; after proclamation of independence of Ukraine and to 2003 years; from 2003 and to today.


With buyer and seller confidence rising, these are exciting times for the property market. Karen Faux talks to the experts about what the picture looks like nationwide.


texts in St. Thomas's works that St. Thomas has in mind, here and in other similar texts, nothing more than the special dignity which Christ's human actions had in virtue of the Hypostatic Union: "The ultimate foundation of Christ's universal social merit is to be placed, therefore, in the Hypostatic Union; and it is in this sense that St. Thomas says in his early writings that Christ's human actions, operating as instruments of the Divinity, possessed a certain divine power by which He could merit for others" @p. 167 and 168). There is a valuable bibliography, an index of texts, a general index and an index of authors. B. KELLY, C.S.Sp.


ABOUT a year ago, Mr. Jessop of Leeds brought before the Obstetrical Society the particulars of a case of extra-uterine gestation, in which, by abdominal section, he saved the lives of both mother and child. the discussion which followed, very various opinions were expressed. On the one hand, the President considered that the success which had attended Mr. Jessop's admirable operation-a success unique so far as this country is concerned-must not be taken as furnishing a precedent


The results of continuous monitoring on the active phosphates in the estuaries of North Yellow Sea during 1999-2000 were discussed. It showed that the discharges of the active phosphates from terrestrial sources were higher in spring and summer through the river water flowing,and it decreased in autumn. The decrease was delayed because rainfall in land. The active phosphate content in east estuary of Dayanghe River was higher than that in the west. The peak values and minimum values of the active phosphate content appeared in March to May, July or September in 1999, respectively. The highest concentrations of active phosphates in the seawaters near Yiquan, the estuaries of Dayang River and Biliu River were 0.059 mg/L, 0.047 mg/L and 0.046 mg/L, respectively in 1999, which were 31.1%, 4.4 %and 2.2 % higher than the criterion of fourth-class seawater. While the highest concentrations of the active phosphates in the seawaters around the estuaries of Yalu River and Zhuanghe River were 0.041 mg/L and 0.039 mg/L, respectively, which were 36.7% and 30.0 % higher than the criterion of third-class seawater. The minimum values of the active phosphate content in all area appeared in September, and the highest values in the seawaters appeared near Yiquan, and the estuaries of Zhuanghe River appeared in July, which were 0.049 mg/L and 0.042 mg/L in 2000, which were 8.9% and 40.0% higher than the criterion of fourth-class and third-class seawater respectively. Besides all these values of the active phosphate content exceeded the threshold values, which may cause the alga blooming.


Recently developed matrix techniques, useful in the study of O(N) models on a two-dimensional lattice with different boundary conditions, are reviewed. Their application to perturbative problems is considered for illustration.


According to the characteristics of water and erosion environments of different natural zones on the Loess Plateau, this paper studies changes of vegetation types, distribution boundaries of forest and grass as well as restoration capacity of vegetation in different natural zones in the middle Yellow River. The annual precipitation of 530 mm is the critical annual precipitation for forest and grass distribution in the middle Yellow River. Among the zonal and azonal environmental factors affecting watershed sediment yield, the intermediate diameter D50 (mm) of suspended load and forest coverage (V, %) play the leading role. Of them the effect weight of forest coverage (V, %) on catchments sediment yield is only 3.4% less than the role of the intermediate diameter (D50, mm), they are almost the same. To effectively control soil erosion in semiarid, especially in hilly-gullied areas and make sediment transport modulus reduce to less than 6000 t/km2, it is rather difficult by merely relying on natural restoration of forest. In the process of cultivated land conversion into forest land and grassland, measures suiting local conditions should be adopted in tree species selection and artificial afforestation (grass planting) based on management with biological measures for slopeland and engineering measures for hilly-gullied areas, so that watershed forest coverage in key counties can reach at least over 30%. Compared with the standard period of precipitation prior to the 1960s, with the decrease of annual precipitation at various periods, plant productivities decline to different degrees under natural conditions. The main reason accountable for the low survival rate of new seedlings and grass over years is due to precipitation decrease. In light with regression models of annual precipitation and natural vegetation productivities, it is possible to obtain estimated values of watershed natural vegetation productivity and eco-water consumption needed for the restoration to the standard period respectively for the present time or arbitrary period since the 1970s, thus providing a scientific basis for forest and grassland restoration in the middle Yellow River and the management prospect.


The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is one of the foundations of quantum mechanics,although meaning of this principle is disputed in the region of physics.The teaching of this principle should help students to discard the conventional conception of orbit and estab lish the idea of wave-particle duality.However,the conventional conception of orbit is still used in many domestic textbooks of university physics.The stude nts tend to be confused consequently.Therefore,tens of textbooks of university physics are investigated and different accounts about uncertainty principle are compared,and then advice of teaching on this principle is brought forward.


In this paper, we study the optimal operation of a single removable and non-reliable server in a Markovian queuing system under steady-state conditions. The system is in idle state before the arrival of customer and after the arrival of customer it is in working state, it may breakdown and systems goes to vacation during that period. Here, there is bulk arrival of customer and bulk service provided to them. Inter-arrival and service time distributions of customers are assumed to be exponentially distribution. Breakdown and repair time distributions of the server are assumed to be exponentially distributed. Key word: Inter-arrival, service time, Break down, repair time, Bulk service, Non reliable server


Human history and natural environment are complicated and various in China.Dark Tourist Resources,which are worthy of protection,are also numerous.If we analyze their spatial structure,reveal their distribution laws,features and motivations,and make division,it can provide the scientific basis to Dark Tourist Resources for protection,exploitation,and management in China.The research is based on GIS technology,by using research methods of Nearest Distance Index,Genii Coefficient,Kernel Density analysis,from different angles Heihe-Tengchong Line changes,resources division and so on,it analyses the spatial features of Dark Tourist Resources with the national 152 Dark Tourist Attractions as the research object.The research results are as follows:dark tourist resources in space are strong aggregation distribution,and it's highly centralized distribution in 7 geographic areas,what's more,they have a low degree of the evenness;the distribution of high density areas are the border zones of Beijing and Hebei,areas of Xi'an and Xianyang,the south of Jiangsu and the north of Zhejiang;in the southeast of Heihe-Tengchong Line,the areas where has a dense population distribute 92.11% of Dark Tourist Resources in China;according to the attributes of Dark Tourist Resources,we can divide the regions,which are related to Dark Tourist Resources,into 8 areas,and put forward corresponding themes and development directions.


cult, but of economic (household) purpose, but it is dif fi cult to determine what its function was. The stratigraphic occurrence of the third of the described «utyuzhki», close to the vessel of the Poludenskaya culture of the Late Neolithic era, uniquely determines the time of its existence. There are few such indisputable facts of the connection of «utyuzhki» with speci fi c archaeological complexes (cultures) in the Trans-Urals. It is really dif fi cult to date the remaining exemplars, however, they should most likely also be correlated with the Neo-Eneolithic stage of the functioning of the archaeological site. The traces in the form of chips, scratches and potholes on the products, as well as the presence of «utyuzhki» in the layers of short-term seasonal sites may indicate the utilitarian purpose of these artifacts.


An investigation was conducted into the feasibility of applying the Composite Bearingless Rotor (CBR) concept to wind turbines. The CBR blade is comprised of a conventional blade construction over the outboard span, but inboard is made up simply from a finite length (about 15 percent of the radius) of unidirectional composite material. This member, called the flexbeam, replaces the hinges and bearings normally located at the blade root and provides the necessary flatwise and edgewise stiffness, but due to the unidirectional fiber alignment, has low torsional stiffness. Blade pitch control is achieved by applying a moment at the outboard end of the flexbeam and elastically twisting it. The work described in the final report was conducted under contract with ERDA and consisted of the design and fabrication of a dynamically scaled wind turbine model, the wind tunnel testing of this model, and the evaluation of several control concepts in an attempt to achieve a self-regulating system. Such a system was achieved and experimentally demonstrated in the wind tunnel. Operating characteristics at wind speeds exceeding 30 mph were investigated and simulated start ups and wind direction changes were successfully executed.


Vector fitting (VF) is a popular iterative rational approximation technique for sampled data in the frequency domain. VF is nowadays widely investigated and used in the Power Systems and Microwave Engineering communities. The VF methodology is recognized as an elegant version of the Sanathanan-Koerner iteration with a well-chosen basis.


The material for this paper was obtained dur ing two short visits to Cuba during the summers 0£ 1933 and 1934. On both trips the writer was accompanied by Mr. Vfrgilio Biaggi, Jr ., who assisted in the Wjork materially by the pr eparation 0£ specimens and in other ways. During the periods 0£ both . visits it proved impossible to use firearms for collecting, clue to disturbed polit ical conditions in the island. At first we £eared we would have to give up any ideas 0£ collecting , but that was before we had become acquainted with the gr eat skill which many Cuban boys have developed with a slingshot or catapult. We found it possible by employing them to obtain almost any bird we wanted, and on occasion in embarrassingly larg e quantities.


Background: This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting faculty engagement in virtual learning environments at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: In this comparative study, 112 eligible faculty members at SUMS were enrolled in 2018-2019 academic year. The sample was surveyed by a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 28 items, including 17 questions on intrinsic factors (familiarity with e-learning, faculty attitudes and human resources) and 11 on extrinsic factors (financial resources, inherent barriers, infrastructural factors and institutional support). The reliability of the research instrument, as measured by internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha, stood at 0.92. It was measured at 0.87 and 0.92 for extrinsic and intrinsic factors respectively. The CVR and CVI values were found to be 0.6 and 0.8 respectively. One-sample t-test was applied to compare the mean scores of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors with the hypothetical mean, and to determine the ranking of the factors. Results: In order of their impact, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors included inadequate financial resources (P=0.566) lack of familiarity with electronic learning (p <0.001), inherent barriers such as institutional disbelief in the complementary role of e-learning (P=0.001), infrastructural factors (p <0.001), faculty attitudes (p <0.001), inadequate human resources (p <0.001), and lack of institutional support (p <0.001). Conclusion: University administrators should provide educators with adequate resources for handling new educational environments, remove administrative and structural obstacles, and create motivation among faculty members to use e-learning systems.


When Escherichia coli sets off a urinary tract infection, human cells secrete an antimicrobial protein called siderocalin. The antimicrobial protein can block E. coli growth by sequestering ferric iron complexes of enterobactin, the bacterium's secreted iron acquisition molecule. In this Paper of the Week, a team led by Jeffrey P. Henderson at the Washington University School of Medicine used genetic and chemical experiments to show that individual differences in urinary composition change this relationship between the human and bacterial molecules. They found that when urine's pH was greater than 6.5 and specific aryl metabolites were present, siderocalin no longer neutralized enterobactin. Instead, enterobactin was able to swipe iron away from siderocalin and promote bacterial growth. The authors note, "Therapeutic control of urinary composition may facilitate an important innate antibacterial defense."


The amusement park is the most embryonic form of the theme park for visitors.The ones with different theme areas and rides facilities featuring the theme have become one of the main tourist destinations.There are five factors that affect the tourist satisfaction in he entertainment theme park,all of which have obvious relevance to the tourist satisfaction,but to different degrees.When the tourist satisfaction and loyalty are closely correlated,they have a strong desire to revisit the park.This has significant implication with regard to how to attract more visitors and increase the park revenue.


A type of double resonance experiment is reported in which resonance fluorescence from an atomic vapour is excited by modulated light. The amplitude of modulation of the fluorescent light undergoes changes which indicate an atomic resonance when the frequency of modulation is equal to the Larmor frequency of the atoms in an applied magnetic field, or equal to twice that frequency. The effects have been studied in the intercombination line, λ 3261 A, of cadmium. They are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The method could be applied to the spectroscopy of excited atoms.


This paper describes an experimental investigation of the natural transition mechanism of a wake generated behind a thin airfoil in a towing wind tunnel. A linear stability analysis shows that the wake is characterized by a change in the instability from locally absolute to locally convective at a downstream location of the airfoil trailing-edge. When the airfoil is towed in the tunnel, starting vortices are observed first in the wake. The experimental result shows that the feature of startig vortex sustains in the natural transition process due to a self sustained resonance in the absolute unstable region behind the trailing edge. The wake profile in the saturation steady state yields the vortex street structure, where the fluctuation frequency is defined as the fundamental unstable mode by the final saturation steady state. The growth of the fundamental unstable mode in the convectively unstable region suppresses the high frequency fluctuations associated with the staring vortex generation. On the other hand, low-frequency fluctuations in the quasisteady state sustaining in the saturation state grow gradually during the vortex street formation, which lead to the vortex street deformation downstream.


The photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are closely related to the quality of the absorption layer. Further improving the crystallinity of perovskite film is of great...


Find out why the Foundation for Airway Health wants to make airway screening a top priority in the dental community.


Joachim Israel has passed away. He was going to be 83 years old. But even if he was a pretty old man when he left us it is still unbelievable that it isn't possible to talk and discuss with him. He was intellectually active until the very end. He was writing, reading new books, and discussing them. And there always was a freshness in his views on different things. I was, for example, discussing Hardts and Negris' book Empire with him at the beginning of this year. I think this vital intellectual activity was deeply rooted in the sociology and social philosophy he developed. Joachim believed and showed in different ways that we live in a social world made of human beings which means that it is possible to change this world—for better or for worse. Living in a socially constructed world meant for Joachim that it was very important to reveal obstacles to the possibilities of change of the social world. In his book on alienation, which made him internationally recognized and which he published in the end of the 1960s, he pointed to reiŽ cation as a social force with roots in the commercial system and in the dominant ideologies which hindered people to see the possibilities of change. In this book Joachim also pointed out that much of social theory had developed views of the social world which helped to strengthen the reifying forces in society. Therefore, it was important for him to develop social theory in a way which opposed the reifying forces both in the social world and in social theory. During the 1970s Joachim wrote a textbook in sociology where he in a simple and clear way showed what a sociology which didn't believe in society as a reifying force might be like. During the 1970s he also developed his social psychology and his philosophy of language. In his social psychology he distanced himself from a too idealistic way of understanding the processes of social construction, like, for example, Berger and Luckmans' way of emphasizing knowledge as the most important ingredient in processes of social construction. Instead Joachim emphasized social (interpersonal) and societal relationships as having a kind of processual objectivity which it was essential to recognize to be able to understand the situation of social action. In this way it was possible for Joachim to oppose both a psychological and a sociological determinism (reiŽ cation). What was important according to him were not needs and psychological constitutions but different kinds of obstructions. According to Joachim we are free as social beings and we are constructing social reality in ongoing social relationships. But acting in different kinds of social relationships means that we are using resources from societal relationships, and lack of resources is a hindrance for acting in a social (interpersonal) relationship. Societal relationships also are ongoing social processes, but processes that are different from those processes which we develop in social (interpersonal) relationships. They are harder to change, they are more reiŽ ed as it were. But here you have a program for his sociology. It is possible to change society in ongoing social relationships if these processes also have as their target change in societal relationships. This kind of social psychology was important for International Review of Sociology—Revue Internationale de Sociologie, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2001


The public domain status of US federal government works has been a point of envy for librarians working in Commonwealth countries for more than a century. Absent of the constructed barriers of copyright controls, anyone is able to freely reproduce, share, and build upon US federal government publications. This results in greater distribution, and thus greater visibility and impact, for the expertise of federal employees including scientists, policy analysts, and statisticians. It also helps prevent copyright chill, which occurs when legitimate rights are not exercised due to a fear of infringement, real or imagined.


We have employed high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) (in ultrahigh vacuum) to investigate the band gap of the novel semiconductor BC2N by measuring electronic excitations from the valence band to the conduction band. Angle-resolved HREELS allows the observation of transitions which are not vertical in k space, and the measurements indicate an indirect band structure, even though this material emits visible photoluminescence. The results also reconcile scanning tunneling microscopy and photoluminescence measurements for the system.


Reported is the synthesis of [14C]-L-N-[(trimethylamineboryl)carbonyl]-phenylalanine methyl ester, a boron containing α-amino acid dipeptide analog with anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic activities. The 14C label is universally distributed among all carbon positions of the phenylalanine portion of the molecule. Briefly, the dipeptide is prepared by reacting the phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride salt with trimethylamine-carboxyborane, triphenylphospine (TPP), CCl4, and triethylamine (TEA) in acetonitrile, for 24 hours. The final product afforded a specific activity of 5.71 mCi/mmol.


Based on the methodology analysis of integrated model of information prediction and evaluation of mineralization prospect,the comprehensive evaluation model of mineralization prospect of linear weighting method and weighted Minkowski distance method are derived based on the assign a value to two states and factor analysis by improving quantity of information method.The quantity of information method was expanded into the construction of geological variable,screening,assignment,which is the base for the spatial analysis and modeling of MapGIS served for evaluation of mineralization prospect with quantitative prediction and evaluation.The spatial analysis model of MapGIS for evaluation of mineralization prospect with quantitative prediction and evaluation was constructed based on the existence of variable and assignment by applying the mixed spatial analysis model.Take iron,copper,lead-zinc ore prospect evaluation in the map of Changkeng in Wuyishan metallogenic belt of scale 1∶50000 as example.The model was applied for quantitative prediction and evaluation.12 metallogenic prospect areas with iron,copper,lead-zinc ore have been delineated,including 3 areas of class A,3 of class B and 6 of class C.


Several authors have addressed the problem of designing good linear unequal error protection (LUEP) codes. However, very little is known about good nonbinary LUEP codes. The authors present a class of optimal nonbinary LUEP codes for two different sets of messages. By combining t-error-correcting Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and shortened nonbinary Hamming codes, they obtain nonbinary LUEP codes that protect one set of messages against any t or fewer symbol errors and the remaining set of messages against any single symbol error. For t/spl ges/2, they show that these codes are optimal in the sense of achieving the Hamming lower bound on the number of redundant symbols of a nonbinary LUEP code with the same parameters. >


Bloch mode synthesis (BMS) techniques enable efficient band-structure calculations of periodic media by forming reduced-order models of the unit cell. Rooted in the framework of the Craig-Bampton component mode synthesis methodology, these techniques decompose the unit cell into interior and boundary degrees-of-freedom that are nominally described, respectively, by sets of normal modes and constraint modes. In this paper, we generalize the BMS approach by state-space transformation to extend its applicability to generally damped periodic materials that violate the Caughey-O'Kelly condition for classical damping. In non-classically damped periodic models, the fixed-interface eigenvalue problem may, in general, produce a mixture of underdamped and overdamped modes. We examine two mode-selection schemes for the reduced order model and demonstrate the underlying accuracy-efficiency trade-offs when qualitatively distinct mixtures of underdamped and overdamped modes are incorporated. The proposed approach provides a highly effective computational tool for analysis of large models of phononic crystals and acoustic/elastic metamaterials with complex damping properties. This investigation does not only extend the applicability of BMS techniques to the most generally damped models of periodic media, it also advances our understanding of the nature of damping modes and the non-trivial manner by which they contribute to the wave propagation properties.


A highly sensitive ultra-high performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for
the quantification of vancomycin (VAN) in low volumes of rabbit serum. For each
analysis, 2 μL rabbit serum was precipitated with methanol that contained the
internal standard teicoplanin (TEI). The supernatant was transferred into a 384
well-plate, diluted with water, covered with a pierceable silicone mat and 5 μL
was analyzed in positive ionization mode. The UHPLC-MS/MS consisted of an
Agilent 1290 Infinity UHPLC system connected to an AB Sciex QTrap® 5500 hybrid linear ion-trap triple quadrupole mass
spectrometer equipped with a Turbo Spray source. Chromatographic separation was
achieved using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100
mm) column, a VanGuard (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 5 mm) guard column and a mobile phase of
water and methanol both containing 5 mM ammonium acetate with 0.1% formic acid.
VAN was quantified with multiple reaction monitoring using the transitions of m/z 725.5/144.2, and TEI was monitored
at m/z 940.6/316.4. The accuracy,
precision, linearity, range and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were
determined. The accuracy was ≤9.93% and the precision was ≤10.6%. The range was
established as 0.1 to 40 μg·mL-1. The LLOQ was 0.1 μg·mL-1 VAN requiring 2 μL of sample with an accuracy of -20.2% and precision of 8.39%.
The method was applied successfully to determine the VAN concentrations in
rabbit serum after the i.v. administration of VAN via implanted ear catheters.


Very recently the concept of care has burst on the French philosophical scene. What are the contours of this developing "philosophy of care"? How does it place itself in relation to what are today called the ethics of care? And how does it take account of nursing care, as a discipline understood in its triple dimension: social, pedagogical and epistemological? The research presented in this paper examines some of the founding texts of this philosophy of care through the prism of these questions. It is the partial presentation of a reflection developed from a literature review that will include two other sections. The second section will focus on studying the way in which the ethics of care allow for nursing care and enter into dialogue with the nascent philosophy of care. The third will focus, conversely, on the way nurses integrate reflections derived from ethics of care and the philosophy of care into the evolution of their own discipline and contribute back to the development of a philosophy of care. These three questions are in turn part of more extensive research carried out in preparation for a philosophy thesis. They are meant as an invitation and a contribution towards what we hope will be a successful encounter between philosophy and nursing care.


Activated carbon microtubes (CMTs) have been prepared from poplar catkins by chemical activation with ZnCl2. The as-synthesized porous CMTs have large inner tubes of several micrometers, large Brun...


The current worldwide research on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been facilitated by unique physico-chemical properties and wide opportunities the CNTs offer for the new field of nanotechnology. The recent studies have shown that, for the efficient use of CNT structural properties, particularly in the engineering of multi-functional materials, the CNTs need to be chemically modified by attachment of functional groups for improving the solubility, processing and compatibility with host materials. While responding to the application needs, chemical modification of carbon nanotubes has quickly emerged as a new research frontier, which is fascinating from not only applied but also fundamental standpoint by permitting studies of chemical reactivity in relation to the nanoscale size and shape of confined structures.


"Grow" is an apt choice in this case, for we will build on nine years of partnering with others that have produced much fruit. We have trained pre-clinical students, practicing healthcare professionals, academic faculty, family caregivers, direct care providers, older adults, and others across Virginia to adopt an interprofessional approach in geriatrics care, whether it's care of others or self-care.


The plasma kinetic equations, referred to as the BBCKY hierarchy, are fundamental in the analysis of plasma kinetics. In the following, these equations are derived rigorously in order to determine explicitly the conditions or assumptions under which they are valid. The heuristic derivations do not clearly indicate the assumptions which are important to both theoretical and experimental plasma research. Since the functions in the BBCKY equations are probability density functions the following treatment is probabilistic.


A breathing protector may include a filter housing having a central axis, a distal end, a proximal end, a first opening and a second opening. The second opening may be located in a proximal end of the filter housing and the first opening may be located distally of the second opening, such that the first opening is located upstream of the second opening. An exchanging filter may be disposed in the filter housing and a valve seat may extend around the first opening. A rail, located circumferentially of the valve seat, may extend axially and distally away from the first opening. The rail may include a distal end and at least one rib. A valve member may be arranged in a transversal plane to the central axis and engage the valve seat in a closed position. A return spring may press the valve member into the open position.


In this paper,several design code of port engineering both domestic and oversea have been collected,the characteristic of each calculation methods about wind loads on ship have been analyzed.The difference of calculation results between methods is also compared by using a same group parameters.In finally,the validity of Optimoor is evaluated.


Previous Thai question answering and machine reading comprehension researches focus on small scale dataset and do not utilize the deep learning approach to build the models. In this research, we develop a Thai machine reading comprehension (MRC) model on Thai MRC dataset provided by NECTEC. This dataset consists of 17,000 question-answer pairs and has two classes of questions, which are factoid and yes-no questions. We use BIDAF as the based MRC architecture. We have performed experiments with 3 different multiclass model designs, which includes special tokens, joint, and cascade model. We also utilize contextual embeddings for Thai language to enhance the model's performance. As the results suggest�that cascade architecture has the best F1 performance. We then incorporate transfer learning and modify the attention mechanisms to increase the model's accuracy on yes-no questions.


In this paper, we propose a mobile robot localization by GPS observations and appearance-based place recognition. These are critical issues for achieving a high accuracy and stable localization due to some challenging problems that GPS observations face still such as multipath and signal lost, especially under situations where there are narrow streets and so on. The appearance-based place recognition method that is combined with positional information has capability to overcome the issue. We apply both of observations derived from GPS and appearance-based place recognition to a mobile robot localization for the sake of achieving robust localization. Moreover sequential appearance-based place recognition makes it possible to recognize their own position even when we navigate a robot on a night. Our system uses not only multiple observations but also dead reckoning with gyrodometry model. To verify the validity of the proposed method, our experiment is conducted through an outdoor course.


This paper investigates into perceptions towards HND education in Ghana. A structured questionnaire was designed as the main tool in soliciting student's views across all faculties and the various departments respectively using simple random sampling technique. The ordinal logit model was applied to select significant factors that influenced student's perceptions about the HND education. It was evident from the results that 52.5% s. disagree that their current programme of study offered them by Kumasi Polytechnic is their preferred programme whilst 41.1% also s. disagree the HND qualification is suitable to fill the middle level manpower gab of the Ghana economy. The survey further reveals that 37.9% agree that Kumasi Polytechnic provides the necessary logistics in enhancing vocational, technical & theoretical studies. However only about one in four students (26.2%) are satisfied with the general supervision of industrial attachment of the Polytechnic education AT Kumasi Polytechnic. Keywords: Ghana, Polytechnic, Ordinal, Perception, Satisfaction, Tertiary Education


A new engineering method is proposed to understand extrudate expansion and extrusion operation parameters for starch based food extrusion cooking process through dimensional analysis principle, i.e. Buckingham pi theorem. Three dimensionless groups, i.e. pump efficiency, water content and temperature, are suggested to describe the extrudate expansion. Using the three dimensionless groups, an equation is derived to express the extrudate expansion. The model has been used to correlate the experimental data for whole wheat flour and fish feed extrusion cooking. The average deviations of the correlation are respectively 5.9% and 9% for the whole wheat flour and the fish feed extrusion. An alternative 4-coefficient equation is also suggested from the 3 dimensionless groups. The average deviations of the alternative equation are respectively 5.8% and 2.5% in correlation with the same set of experimental data.


The present invention discloses a configuration of north to the ad-hoc network configuration data processing method and system coordination, arranged to solve the problem north SON configuration data conflict. A method comprising: northbound configuration module configured to send a request, SON function management module parameter optimization request sent to the conflict resolution module; conflict resolution module receives the data configuration request and the parameter optimization request, determines the north requesting configuration parameters SON function management module configuration module the request parameters if a conflict occurs, the north transmission instruction conflict configuration module and the SON function management module conflict judgment message; northbound configuration module receiving the conflict indicating conflict after the decision message, the data configuration request in the configuration, conflict information reported to higher network management system; SON function management module after receiving the conflict judgment message indicating conflict, SON function module notifying the backoff parameters and / or the end of the self-optimization procedure.


In the title compound, C11H12ClNO3, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the amide group is 44.9 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules form inversion dimers via pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These dimers are further linked into sheets parallel to (013) via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system and method for preventing confidential data of a client enterprise from being transmitted in the case of using a dedicated computer security service.SOLUTION: A request is transmitted from a computer of a user to a cloud service in order to use a security service 510. The request is received/interrupted by a decision making module 520. The decision making module determines a parameter of the request, and checks not less than one of those parameters against an existing policy for selecting the cloud service 530. When the request is allowed to be redirected to a public cloud service by the existing policy, the request is redirected to the public cloud service on the basis of an appropriate instruction generated by the decision making module 550. Otherwise, the request is redirected to a private cloud service 540.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5


A new regression approach is proposed for modeling marketing databases. The approach is Bayesian and provides the following signiicant improvements over current methods: (a) it is not necessary for researchers to pre-specify the functional form of the model because the independent variables can enter the model either parametrically or nonparametrically; (b) variable selection can be performed over a large number of variables and their interactions; (c) the appropriate transformation of the dependent variable is automatically selected from a discrete set of prespeciied candidate transformations ; (d) all these features are carried out simultaneously and automatically ; and (e) it is straightforward to introduce subjective information 1 about the relative importance of each variable. The methodology is illustrated using print advertising Starch data.


Roads in China have developed dramatically since the 1990s, evolving into an extensive system of interconnected freeways. Lessons learned during this evolution indicate that the landscaping of highways is as important as their safety. In the past decade, highway aesthetics and the striving for harmony between highways and nature has attracted many specialists to improve the landscaping of highways. However, no criteria or operational regulations for the design of highway landscapes have been introduced in China. This paper therefore presents a new concept of highway landscape design that integrates highway planning, design, operation and landscaping during the lifecycle of a highway. First, some elements of highway landscaping are summarised. Next, six models of highway landscaping, emphasising highway alignment, pavement and side slopes, highway structure and subsidiary facilities along the highway corridor, which may be applied to the design of highway landscapes, are presented. The conception and implementation method, which integrates highway planning, design, operation and landscaping by means of GIS tools and computer software into the whole lifecycle of a highway is discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects for applying landscape design in highway construction are examined. It is fascinating to see how the trails and paths of days gone by have evolved into today's landscape design which aims to maintain the scenery and environmental quality for the future.


abstract Drawing on interviews with more than 600 black women in rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, and the Eastern Cape, this focus examines the contradictory meanings of lobolo and the internal power struggles that emerge over its interpretation and practice. The increasing commodification of lobolo has tremendously influenced its meaning and process. In South Africa's rural communities, black women seek to maintain the relational facets of the tradition, but object to the ways some men appropriate the custom to maximise their interests. Their comments reveal the contested nature of lobolo and how members of a group may not be equally committed to or benefit from the same cultural tradition.


Thermal interface materials (TIMs) play an important role in thermal management of high-performance microprocessors. Thermal resistance of TIM dominates in the overall thermal dissipation path. It is necessary to provide an effective and reliable thermal dissipation path to dissipate a large amount of heat generated by the IC in order to maintain a low operating junction temperature. The objective of this study is to evaluate the stability of TIM under various reliability test conditions, such as thermal cycling, high temperature storage and HAST. Six types of commercially available TIM were evaluated. The change in die shear strength and TIM thermal conductivity after the reliability tests were recorded. It was found that the overall performance of all TIMs maintain throughout the thermal cycling and high temperature storage test period. There was a significant decrease in die shear strength after HAST which may lead to increase in thermal resistance. The interface integrity of TIM was very sensitive to moisture.


Using additives in FGD is the most important approach to improve sulfur retention efficiency,increase utilization of sorbent,and reduce invest and cost of FGD system.The basic theory and application of additives on dry,semi-dry and wet scrubbing method are briefly introduced in this paper.


In Vietnam, field surveys of N. viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on host plants (rice, corn, sesame) was collected 10 color morphs including G, O, F, R, OR, GY, OG, Y, B and C. Among them G and O types were common. The rare phenotype included B, C, Y, OR, OG and GY. Type G is the best adapted to colonize different environments. The emergence of the phenotype depends on the temperature and food (host plants). Type F and R are better adapted to higher temperatures in summer crop on sesame. Low temperatures are the good conditions for the emergence of O type. The 4 and 5 instars belong to both in GxG and GxO, had two colors: green and black; among colors, green was the most common. GxO pair created 4 phenotypes: G, O, F, R. The GxG pairs created 3 phenotypes: G, O, F.


Samples of silicon doped with oxygen alone, or with oxygen and carbon have been irradiated with fast neutrons up to a maximum dose of 1020 cm-2. It is shown that there is a progressive decrease in the resolution of the fine structure of the 9 mu m band due to oxygen, and a corresponding increase in the width of the band at 12 mu m due to (O-V)0 centres. These measurements have also been made on samples containing group III and/or group V impurities; the degree of disorder in these samples is greater showing that there are important impurity effects. These results are compared with the structure of the 9 mu m band found in silicon after implantation with 400 keV oxygen ions.


The mode-coupling theory of critical dynamics has been applied to both electron and nuclear spin fluctuations of isotropic ferromagnets with electron-nuclear spin interactions. By treating nuclear and electron spin fluctuations in a similar manner, the influence of hyperfine interactions on nuclear as well as electron spin motion could be accounted for. It has thus been possible to derive the asymptotic q-k- omega dependence of the self-energies of electron and nuclear spin fluctuations in the entire critical region above Tc.


This paper gives an overview of BT's portfolio of vision technology with more detailed information presented on BT's personal computer videophone and ISDN videophone. A demonstration of the PC videophone is followed by a description of possible applications and what might happen in the future. BT is currently adding two new videophones to its range of videoconferencing equipment. The PC videophone uses BT's vision technology to provide a single slot solution for a PC to enable one-to-one multimedia meetings. BT has worked with IT partners to produce a package including application software which has the following main features: fully H.320 compliant, single PC slot, API available, full colour, chalkboards, contact directories; file transfer, JPEG image compression, video/audio in/out, handsfree telephone and detachable camera. >


With global warming, rising sea levels, and more frequent extreme rainfall events, the need for flood climate adaptation planning has become more urgent. At present, there are relatively few planning studies from the perspective of rainstorm climate adaptation in China. In this study, the Sentinel-1 Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) was used to monitor the urban flood area from the extreme rainfall weather caused by storm surges. Optical remote sensing is not effective on rainy days. However, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can penetrate the clouds and obtain optical high-resolution radar images, which can be observed all day long. This method is used to identify the spatial distribution of the flood inundation area of extreme rainfall caused by rainstorm in Xinxiang City, Henan Province. The significance of this study is as follows: (1) Based on data-driven, it provides an operable technical process and method for rainstorm hazard mapping for non-flood plains in China, which can be applied to rainwater hazard mapping of other areas and enhance the science of decision-making. (2) By mapping the flood inundation area, we can effectively identify the spatial differentiation characteristics of the flood hazard so as the characteristics of sensitive groups and environment, and provide a reference for the spatial layout of emergency disaster reduction and prevention facilities to strengthen urban adaptability. data-driven, it provides an operable technical process and method for rainwater hazard mapping of climate adaptability planning for non-flood plains in China, which can be applied to rainwater hazard mapping of other areas and enhance the science of decision-making. By mapping the flood inundation area, we can effectively identify the spatial differentiation characteristics the flood risk, so as the characteristics of sensitive groups and environment, and provide a reference for the spatial layout of emergency disaster reduction prevention facilities to strengthen climate change adaptability.


Past education focused on the three Rs (reading, 'riting and 'rithmetic), but these no longer give humans an edge over advanced computers and automation systems. This is why we need to understand where the future is heading and better prepare both our current workforce as well as the future workforce for tomorrow's job market. Of the 3.4 million jobs that have been generated in the USA since the great recession, only 2% are mid-pay, middle-class jobs. Most are low pay. In other words, the middle-class jobs everyone deemed 'safe' did not come back. Because processing power is creating a digital explosion in computing ability to do more with less at a faster rate, and bandwidth is increasing exponentially, and storage is moving to the cloud, over the next five short years we will be transforming how we sell, market, communicate, collaborate, innovate, train and educate. As a result, we are going to see many jobs disappear, yet, at the same time, many current job definitions redefined as technology give us new and more efficient ways to do our old jobs. So what are we certain about in terms of the knowledge workforce? One of the things we can be certain of is the transformation that the trifecta will create. That is going to happen – guaranteed. And when it comes to a hard trend, if you do not like it, that is just too bad. You cannot change it. It is going to happen. Soft trends, on the other hand, can be changed. You can influence soft trends. So the transformation in education and training will happen. Whether a specific university, high school, middle school or elementary school embraces those changes is a soft trend. Regardless, the transformation will happen anyway.