Background: peritoneal dialysis is an important issue in the management of renal failure General objective: to assess nurse role pre, during and post peritoneal dialysis by diagnosis weak point and so seventh. Specific objective: to assess nurse knowledge about peritoneal dialysis. to assess nurse intervention toward occurrences of complication. to assess nurses skills pre, during and post peritoneal dialysis.Methodology: 47 questionnaires and 10 check lists used to collect data from qualified nurses with BSC degree working not less than 4 month in peritoneal dialysis units. Three areas were selected to conduct the study Khartoum teaching hospital, Soba university hospital and military hospital. The aim of study: To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on the skills of peritoneal dialysis among the nursing staff in the Khartoum teaching hospital, Soba university hospital and military hospital.Methods: A quasi experimental design pretest/posttest for the same group. The study was conducted in the intensive care units in Khartoum hospitals. 47 questionnaires and 10 check lists used to collect data from qualified nurses with BSC degree working not less than 4 month in potential dialysis units. Data was collected by a questionnaire and an observational checklist. The intervention program was in a form of lectures guidelines book. Data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Nurses knowledge about potential dialysis and it's complication range from 97.19% 51.3%.Regarding practice of qualified nurses in peritoneal dialysis 60% explain the procedure to clients, 100% not weighting the client pre and post dialysis, 90% of nurses don't instruct pt to empty their bowel or bladder pre dialysis, 60% don't wear gowns, caps and masks, 90% don't warm dialysis fluid and 90% don't place antiseptic solution at the pore of insertion, 90% fair in preparing dialysis in and out flow of dialysate 80% don not check vital signs every 30-60 minutes. 100% fair in removal of catheter and application of sterile dressing conclusion – nurses have more knowledge than skills.Conclusion: The study concluded that educational program had a significant impact related to the improvement of the nurses' practice post application of the program.


A number of Jesus' sayings have been taken to be instances of hyperbole. Mark 9:43–47 is so construed by many. The present article uses Relevance Theory and other work on hyperbole to define its scalar nature and expressive function. The encoded meanings of language and the roles of co-text (discursive factors) and context (non-discursive factors) in inferring meaning are investigated in relation to Mark 9:43–47 and its synoptic parallels. It is concluded that considerations of language and co-text provide no evidence that Mark 9:43–47 is hyperbolic; if it was construed as hyperbolic by the Markan audience, the reason for this lies in its now unknown context of utterance. The opposite is the case with Matthew's treatments of the saying. He provides a co-text that prompts for a spiritualised and thus metaphorical interpretation of it.


A study of the impact of work setting and role on stress and strain in social workers showed that approximately 60 percent of respondents had experienced increased stress in the last two years. Levels of stress, measured by increases in stress-related symptoms, seemed to be associated with both work setting and work role.


Toll-IL-1Receptor (TIR)-8 is an atypical member of the IL-1 receptor family (IL-1RF). Recently, it was shown to act as the second sub-unit of the receptor for IL-37, the first being IL-18Rα chain. IL-37 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family that exerts anti-inflammatory, immune deviating and metabolic effects. We found that the cytokine concentrations are increased in the circulation of Crohn disease (CD) patients compared with healthy controls. However, the expression of TIR-8 was decreased on the surface of different peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the patients. Furthermore, the concentrations of soluble TIR-8 were also increased in the circulation of the patients. Our results show that metalloproteinase inhibitors prevent shedding of TIR-8 from the cell surface. Soluble TIR-8 inhibits anti-inflammatory effects of IL-37 in human cells. When soluble TIR-8 was added in different concentrations, in the presence and absence of IL-37, to LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells, it inhibited the anti-inflammatory effects of the cytokine on the secretion of TNF-α from these cells. The inhibition was exerted in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-37 is neutralized in CD patients by TIR-8 shedding, which makes immune cells less responsive to the cytokine. Furthermore, soluble TIR-8 also neutralizes anti-inflammatory effects of the cytokine and contributes towards a pro-inflammatory state in these patients. Measures aimed at restoring anti-inflammatory effects of IL-37 by inhibiting shedding of TIR-8 and/or neutralizing its soluble form may be helpful in attenuating inflammation in CD patients.


Pyrochlore group minerals are the main raw phases in granitic rocks of the Katugin 16 complex-ore deposit that stores Nb, Ta, Y, REE, U, Th, Zr, and cryolite. They are of three main 17 generations: primary magmatic (I), early postmagmatic (II), and supergene (III) pyrochlores. The 18 primary magmatic phase (generation I) is fluornatropyrochlore with high concentrations of Na2O 19 (to 10.5 wt.%), F (to 5.4 wt.%) and REE2O3 (to 17.1 wt.%) but low CaO (0.6-4.3 wt.%), UO2 (to 2.6 20 wt.%), ThO2 (to 1.8 wt.%), and PbO (to 1.4 wt.%). Pyrochlore of this type is very rare in nature and 21 limited to a few occurrences, such as rare-metal deposits of Nechalacho in syenite and nepheline 22 syenite (Canada) and Mariupol in nepheline syenite (Ukraine). It may have crystallized 23 synchronously with or slightly later than melanocratic minerals (aegirine, biotite, and arfvedsonite) 24 at the late magmatic stage when Fe from the melt became bound making impossible the formation 25 of columbite. Second generation pyrochlore formed at the early postmagmatic stage of the Katugin 26 deposit. It differs from that of first generation in lower Na2O concentrations (2.8 wt.%), relatively 27 low F (4 wt.%), and les occupancy of the A and Y sites at similar contents of other components. 28 Generation III pyrochlore is a product of supergene alteration processes. It is compositionally 29 heterogeneous and contains K, Ba, Pb, Fe, and significant Si concentrations but low Na and F. Its 30 compositions mostly fall within the filed of hydroand kenopyrochlore. 31


An improved gated-oscillator time-base and associated auto-calibration algorithm for use in a high-accuracy sampling waveform acquisition system are described. The time-base architecture consists of a stable 100 MHz gated-oscillator, 24-bit counter chain, and a clock period interpolator. The nominal, uncorrected linearity of the time-base is approximately /spl forall/30 ps. By using an iterative, sine-fit based algorithm, the linearity has been improved to </spl forall/5 ps. Details of the performance and major sources of error of the time-base and correction algorithm in an equivalent time sampling system are also discussed.


Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common congenital heart defect associated with systemic cyanosis. During pregnancy and delivery, dramatic alterations in cardiovascular physiology occurred. Pregnancy in women with unrepaired TOF may have a worsening in right to left shunt with an increase of the cyanosis and may imply an elevated risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and even mortality. We report and discuss a case of a 26 years old woman with uncorrected TOF. A multidisciplinary team was involved in the management of the case with the aim to minimize maternal and fetal complications. One of the main endpoint was to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation and good haemoglobin levels. A caesarean section was performed at 30 weeks and 5 days of gestation without any maternal or fetal complications. During the puerperium, the woman had an embolic occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery with any sequelae.


In this article, we introduce the idea of normality and translation of Q-intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups with respect to norms (t-norm T and t-conorm C) and some interesting results of them are given. Conditions for level cut subsets of them are explored and provided. Finally, we investigate them by using group homomorphisms are investigated.


These documents will include an employment agreement, a shareholder?s agreement (if the practice is a corporation) or an operating agreement (if the practice is a limited liability corporation), and a deferred compensation agreement, if one exists. During your review, pay careful attention to the information about advance notice provisions, retirement plan details, and noncompete covenants, to name a few key elements (these policies and others are discussed separately). It is critical that you understand what you have promised to do and what has been promised to you via these documents. If you are asking your partner to leave, you need to know the practice?s rights and obligations to him or her.


Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a significant durability problem that has resulted in premature deterioration of various types of concrete structures in the United States and throughout the world. Although several viable methods exist to prevent AST-induced damage in new concrete structures, very few methods mitigate further damage in structures already affected by ASR-induced expansion and cracking. Lithium compounds have been recognized for more than 50 years as effectively preventing expansion due to ASR, and there has been renewed interest in recent years in using lithium compounds as either an admixture in new concrete or as a treatment of existing structures. This report is intended to provide practitioners with the necessary information and guidance to test, specify, and use lithium compounds in new concrete construction, as well as in repair and and service life extension applications. This report first provides a basic overview of ASR, including information on mechanisms, symptoms of ASR damage in field structures, mitigation approaches, test methods, and specifications. A comprehensive summary of lithium compounds is provided next, including information on their production, availability, and use in laboratory concrete studies and field applications (including a range of case studies). Guidelines for using lithium compounds as an admixture in new concrete and for treating existing structures suffering from ASR-induced damage then are presented, including information on how to assess the efficacy of lithium compounds in laboratory tests. Some basic information also is provided on the economics of using lithium both in new concrete and as a treatment for existing structures. Finally, the report provides a summary of conclusions and identifies several technical and practical issues that should be considered for future laboratory studies and field applications.


A study was conducted to evaluate housefly maggots (HFM) and earthworms (EW) as protein sources in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus diets. HFM and EWM were raised in three different culturing substrates. Cow manure, fermented maize bran and chicken manure were used to culture HFM while cow manure, rabbit manure and chicken manure were used for culturing EW. Yields of HFM and EW from chicken and cow manure respectively were significantly higher (P<0.05). Protein content of HFM and EW from cow manure was significantly higher (P<0.05) than others. HFM and EWM from cow manure substrates (with high protein contents) were then used to formulate nine isonitrogenous diets (30% crude protein) with fixed five percent of fishmeal. These diets were named as HFM0/EWM0 (0%EWM, 0%HFM), HFM25 (25%HFM), HFM30 (30%HFM), HFM35 (35%HFM), HFM40 (40%HFM), EWM25 (25%EWM), EWM30 (30%EWM), EWM35 (35%EWM) and EWM40 (40%EWM). Feeding trial was done for a period of eight weeks. Every treatment was assigned in triplicates in which 14 fingerlings with a mean weight of 2.52 ± 0.12 grams were allocated using complete randomized design. The fish were fed up to 5% of their body weights twice daily throughout the experimental period. Effect of inclusion levels of either HFM or EWM on growth, feed utilization and cost of production of the fish were determined. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in growth and feed utilization of fish. Fish fed diets at35% inclusion level of HFM and EWM had highest performance. Profits were higher in diets with inclusion level of 25 to 40% of HFM and EW. It is included that, inclusion of 35% of either HFM or EWM is the most optimum to achieve high performance of O. niloticus.


Summary

In searching for determinants of advanced dressage performance it is of great interest to know if the angular patterns change from trot in hand to passage and piaffe occurs in approximately the same way in all horses (i.e. the variation of the angular pattern adaptation is small), irrespective of the initial pattern. In the present study trot in hand, passage and piaffe of 6 Grand Prix dressage horses were recorded by high speed film (250 frames/s). The changes in locomotion pattern from trot in hand to passage and piaffe in each horse were calculated by subtraction of the trot in hand angular measurements from the passage and piaffe angular measurements, respectively. Group mean and s.d. curves for the differences were calculated. During the whole stride the pelvic inclination showed a small variation in the difference between passage and trot in hand and during the last 20% of the stride the variation was small in the fore hoof trajectory. During the swing phase the variation of the difference between piaffe and trot in hand was small in the hind hoof trajectory. Around lift off several variables had smaller variation in passage and piaffe than in trot in hand. It was concluded that the angular pattern of the pelvic inclination may be relevant as a selection criterion for passage performance.


Extended use of recirculation air mode in a vehicle cabin may result in significant accumulation of carbon dioxide due to human exhalation and no inflow of fresh air, even in electric vehicles. Consequently, this will affect their health and driving ability. On the contrary, allowing outdoor air into the cabin may expose the passengers to roadway contaminants and poor odor in polluted areas. It is a constant affirmation in Malaysia that using recirculation air mode during driving would result in the best thermal comfort. Unfortunately, there has been no report on passengers' preference for their car air-conditioning operation. This study aims to investigate the present awareness of in-cabin air quality and the practices among passengers pertaining to the ventilation of their car cabins. A set of survey questions was circulated to 211 respondents on various aspects of air-cabin conditions, including how they manage their air-circulation systems. From the survey, it was found that most of the respondents (57%) chose recirculation mode in their everyday driving, 11% for outside air mode, and 20% intermittently switched the two modes. Unfortunately, most respondents were unaware that carbon dioxide levels could be high under prolonged recirculation mode. In addition, most respondents did not know that switching on the recirculation mode for too long could be dangerous for their health.


Background: The anxiety associated with dental visits is one of the obstacles preventing dentists from improving oral health and is also a significant predictor of dental visit evasion, which is frequently observed in Indonesia. Purpose: To identify the level of dental fear and anxiety in the population of Jakarta, Indonesia and establish the relationship with sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional method was used with a sample size of 1811 respondents aged 17–65 years old who were asked to complete the validated Indonesian versions of modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) and dental fear scale (DFS) questionnaires. The data obtained was then analysed using nonparametric and chi-square tests. Results: The prevalence of subjects with moderate to high dental anxiety and fear was 16.3% (295 respondents) and 36.1% (654 respondents), respectively. The primary sources of dental fear and anxiety were dental drilling and anaesthesia before tooth extraction. The results of the nonparametric and chi-square tests show that both are significantly related to gender, age, educational status, income level, insurance and history of dental visits (p = < 0.05). Conclusion: Several sociodemographic factors are associated with dental fears and anxiety among the participants in Jakarta, Indonesia.


Abstract:The roles played by intellectuals in Chinese society were transformed over the course of the twentieth century and continue to evolve rapidly today. Professionalization has been twinned with marginalization, yet the voices of intellectuals reverberate in China in a way that they do not, for example, in the United States.This essay discusses the following works. Ge Zhaoguang, What is China? Territory, Ethnicity, Culture, and History. Trans. Michael Gibbs Hill. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018. 201 pp. $41.00 (cloth). | Els van Dongen, Realistic Revolution: Contesting Chinese History, Culture, and Politics after 1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 276 pp. $99.99 (cloth). | Sebastian Veg, Minjian: The Rise of China's Grassroots Intellectuals. Global Chinese Culture Series. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. 352 pp. $65.00 (cloth).


Concrete and genuine national integration and development have been elusive in Nigeria, which has been a thing of serious concern to scholars. The study interrogates why true integration and meaningful development have been elusive in the country? This constitutes the key problem of the study. The historical method of research and analysis was employed in the study as the paper under discussion covers the past, the present and likely implications on the future of the country. The major findings in the paper revealed various factors or challenges as been responsible for this abysmal state of affairsand which Nigerian political leaders have been battling with. The paper examines some of these challenges which among others include: the elusiveness of a national leader, corruption and mismanagement of material and human resources, lack of proper accountability on the part of Nigerian political leaders, the crushing economic depression which manifested in high cost of living, poverty, mass unemployment and dissatisfaction among the citizenry, problems of democratic consolidation, the Niger Delta environmental crisis, religious crisis and the recent Boko Haram scourge which had proved intractable for Nigerian government. The implication of the totality of all these factors has the effect of partly contributing to Nigeria perambulating at the same spot or even dancing backward rather than progressing, thereby making stability, true nation building, national integration and development elusive to the Nigerian nation. Recommendations proffered towards curbing the problems in the paper include: the need to learn from history, the need for improved electioneering culture, declaration of assets by political leaders to enhance accountability, respect for the secularity of Nigeria, creation of jobs and putting in place of people oriented programmes and the need for re-orientation of both leaders and followers in Nigeria.


The subject of research in this paper is the analysis and presentation of
data on agricultural holdings, the structure of available and utilized area.
The data and calculated indicators represent a comprehensive overview of the
structural characteristics of national agriculture, but they are also an
internationally comparable database, based on key features of agriculture. The
main goal of this paper is to determine and explain more comprehensively and in
detail by using appropriate methods, and based on available data, the condition
of utilized agricultural area (hereinafter: UAA) and its quantitative and qualitative characteristics by utilization categories and manner of its use; types
of agricultural holdings and statistical regions and lower statistical units of
data grouping. Implementation of such a defined basic
research goal indicates necessity of more detailed and continuous study of the
causes that led to the
reduction of available agricultural area and especially its better and more
important production categories of utilization and measures and activities to
be taken to eliminate or reduce the causes of inadequate management of
agricultural area in the coming period. The importance of this research
arises from the fact that the results on utilized agricultural area can
be used to adopt appropriate measures and
undertake certain activities in land and overall agricultural and rural
policy related to sustainable utilization, arrangement and protection of
agricultural land and more balanced integrated development of rural areas, as
well as to find better solutions in the field of utilization, ownership sector
and conditions of agricultural area management.


I would like to reemphasize that MDMP is different than pulse methylprednisolone and conventional corticosteroid administration as was used for D-B anemia [5,6] long period as advised. In conventional corticosteroid treatment 1-2 mg/kg/day dose in gven 6-8 or 12 hours intervals. In pulse methyprednisolone treatment 1 g methlyprednisolone (MP) is giving i.v within 4 hours, at any time of the day. In MDMP treatment, methylprednisolone MP initial dose 30-100 mg/kg day is given within 10 to 15 minutes IV or at once orally arouned 6 am, 3 days then 20-50 mg/ kg, day for 4 days subsquently 10,5,2,1 mg/kg dose given for 1 week each according to response).


Soil, plant and indicators are the main criteria to recognize the function of natural ecosystems and evaluate their potentials. Rangeland ecosystem contains various patches with different functions. The structural and functional characteristics of fertilized patches in Bozdaghy rangeland, in North-Khorasan Province was measured and analyzed in this study. A group of measurable and simple indices of landscape function analysis (LFA) methods were used to evaluate these characteristics. The data were measured from seven land unit which is developed from overlaying of geology map on the dem and slope map. In this research the length and width of ecological patches by the forms of Grass, forb, shrub and bare soil with litter measured. Also we measured 11 soil surface parameters on three, 50 meters transects in the seven mentioned regions. These 11 parameters are belonging to 3 major attributes of soil: Stability, infiltration and nutrients. Statistical analysis of data using the software landscape function analysis, carried. Using multivariate analysis of variance and Duncan's test, functional characteristics associated with each of the land units were studied. Stability, infiltration and nutrients indices of Shrub, forbs and Grass showed significant differences in seven land unit (p<0.05). shrub was most important ecological indicators of areas. © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved ARTICLE INF O Articl e h istory: Received: 4 February 2013; Received in revised form: 20 September 2014; Accepted: 29 September 2014;


This is a factsheet summarising the main points of the report "Review and Analysis of the Digital Health Sector and Skills for Scotland : A Report by the Digital Health and Care Institute in Partnership with Skills Development Scotland", published by the Digital Health and Care Institute in 2018, available from: https://doi.org/10.17868/63863.


Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG) was induced in brown Norway (BN) rats by a single i.m. injection of collagenase‐solubilized homologous glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in Freund'scomplete adjuvant. This model of anti‐GBM disease is characterized by the development. over several weeks, of circulating and deposited anti‐GBM antibodies, accompanied by albuminuria. We examined the effects of treatment with oral cyclosporin A (CsA) at different doses, starting at the time of immunization and during the course of the disease. Prctreatmcnt with CsA 5 mg/kg daily produced a moderate reduction in circulating anti‐GBM antibody levels, reduced deposition of antibody on the GBM and decreased albuminuria. Doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg CsA produced a marked reduction in circulating antibody, absence of delectable deposited antibody and virtual absence of albuminuria. Renal function remained normal in CsA‐treated and control animals. When CsA treatment was introduced at 2 or 4 weeks after immunization, there were significant effects on the subsequent autoimmune response and albuminuria at 10 and 20 mg/kg daily. These studies demonstrate that CsA in conventional doses has a therapeutic effect in this model of anti‐GBM disease, and suggest a role for T lymphocytes in the palhogcncsis of EAG.


We assessed bacterial contamination of infant feeding teats among nursing mothers and identified pathogenic organisms that might be associated with the incidence of diarrhea. The incidence of diarrhea among the infants of illiterate mothers was fivefold that of infants of educated mothers. The vast majority of the illiterate mothers poorly sterilized their infants' feeding utensils. The most prevalent pathogenic organism isolated from the teats was enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Unhygienic handling of feeds is an important factor in infantile diarrhea.


Abstract A comparative study was conducted on the adsorptions of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) from aqueous ammonium nitrate solutions on a Levextrel resin containing acidic organophosphinate extractant, Cyanex 272, as an active component and on chelating resins containing phosphorus-based acidic functional groups. It was found that the Levextrel resin has much higher selectivity for cobalt(II) over nickel(II) then the chelating resins. The origins of the low selectivity of the chelating resins are qualitatively discussed.


The objective of the research was to identify the existing condition of the self-help energy village in Tanjung Harjo, Grobogan District, Central Java. The study found, firstly, it was difficult to change the planing culture from rice planting to Jatropa Curcus; secondly, it was brothersome to find the germ of the Jatropha Curcus; thirdly, for farmer it was not clear and uncertain about the economic prospect of Jatropha Curcus. It is necessarily had to investigate further research to answer, that the self-help energy village program unsuccessfully implemented comparing based on difference village and district.


Image segmentation is described as partitioning an image into a finite number of semantically nonoverlapping regions. In medical applications, it is a fundamental process in most systems that support medical diagnosis, surgical planning and treatments. Generally, this process is done manually by clinicians, which may be time consuming and tedious. To alleviate the problem, a number of interactive segmentation methods have been proposed. Pulse Coupled Neural Networks (PCNN) is a self-organizing network that does not require training and the network was constructed by simulating the activities of the mammal's visual cortex neurons. PCNN is unique from other techniques due to its synchronous pulsed output, adjustable threshold and controllable parameters. The visual cortex system of mammalians was the backbone for the development of PCNN. Cat's and guinea pig's visual cortex helped in developing some digital models. Image segmentation finds its best usage in medical applications. Medical image segmentation and extraction play a major role in detecting diseases or deficiencies and help doctor to make decision. MRI is a medical imaging technique, which uses magnetic fields and radio waves to form images of the body. Mankind would be benefited with this type of trained networks which help in segmenting images.


The squatting activism is studied from the point of view of the operation of the real estate market and the principles of liberal justice. We show that certain cases of vacancy can be considered as market failure and that under certain conditions squatting can rise pareto efficiency. We examine then the squatting from the viewpoint of the principles of justice by considering the question of expensive tastes, who must be rehoused, the eventuality of the payment of a rent, and the informationnal basis required for rehousing.


We provide here a list of new species records of Trichoptera (Insecta) collected in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. We report 21 new distribution records for the country of Brazil. We also provide new distribution records for 92 species of Trichoptera for the states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Parana and Santa Catarina.


During the past fifteen years important information has evolved from a number of laboratories on the kinetics of granulopoiesis in normal and diseased states. Evaluation of regulatory mechanisms, however, has been hampered by the lack of an adequate assay system such as 59Fe labeling of the erythroid series for evaluation of erythropoietin. Thus, we have been in the frustrating position of being able to describe the production and destruction rates of granulocytes but unable to approach the key question adequately: What regulates granulocyte production? The only simple measure of granulopoiesis has been the numbers of granulocytes produced after perturbation. Granulopoiesis . . .


String data is ubiquitous, and its management has a particular importance. Managing string data, especially in databases is really prominent, for we see a large amount of this kind of data in usual databases and this issue persuade us to think about ways for compressing data with a good management. We can do this by using varied kinds of algorithms that nowadays we have. In this paper we present a new algorithm for compressing string data that based on approximate string processing. Commercial databases do not support approximate string queries directly, and it is a challenge to implement this functionality efficiently with user-defined functions. To do this we use small parts of each string that we call them q-gram, and processing them using standard methods available in the DBMS. We can implement this functionality on top of commercial databases by exploiting facilities already available in them.


This report describes an infant with Beckwith‐Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) found to have a thoracic neuroblastoma. Infants with BWS are known to have an increased incidence of tumors (10%). We believe this to be the first report of a malignant neural crest tumor in a child with BWS and also the first case occurring in familial BWS. Usually the malignancies associated with the BWS are intra‐abdominal; however, this malignancy was located in the chest. It is important to detect malignancy in early stages. Therefore, recommendations for screening children with BWS are discussed. Cancer 52:176‐179, 1983.


Innovations are seen in every filed but it acts as a complementary unit in architecture. In this paper we see the significant role innovation has played with architecture and also the trend setting it has created. The necessity for innovation has also been discussed. It showcases the trajectory of ideas and thoughts through centuries to the next generation.


Dielectric elastomers are light weight, low-cost, and highly deformable smart materials widely in used as sensors and actuators. Compounding of silicone rubber with various fillers can enhance efficiency of smart materials. Effect of organically modified Montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay on improvement of dielectric properties and actuation stress was considered in this study. Room Temperature Vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber was compound with 2% and 5% of OMMT by solution method and a composite film was cast. Dielectric measurements show enhancement of both dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss in these composites. Actuation stress for different composites was measured by using an in-house actuation set-up, which showed that actuation stress for a given electric field intensity is higher for composites than that for pristine silicone rubber. Furthermore, time dependent actuation response of the samples was evaluated. Dielectric properties of the composites were measured under AC electric fields, and results were compared with the reference silicone rubbers with no filler. Results shows increase in both storage and loss dielectric constants of base silicone rubber when it is compounded with OMMT.


3,4‐Dichloro‐ and 3,4‐difluoroanilines were degraded by Pseudomonas fluorescens 26‐K under aerobic conditions. In the presence of glucose strain degraded 170 mg/L of 3,4‐dichloroaniline (3,4‐DCA) during 2–3 days. Increasing of toxicant concentration up to 250 mg/L led to degradation of 3,4‐DCA during 4 days and its intermediates during 5–7 days. Without cosubstrate and nitrogen source degradation of 3,4‐DCA took place too, but more slowly—about 40% of toxicant at initial concentration 75 mg/L was degraded during 15 days. 3,4‐Difluoroaniline (3,4‐DFA) (initial concentration 170 mg/L) was degraded by Pseudomonas fluorescens 26‐K during 5–7 days. The strain was able to completely degrade up to 90 mg/L of 3,4‐DFA, without addition of cosubstrate and nitrogen during 15 days. Degradation of fluorinated aniline was accompanied by intensive defluorination. Activity of catechol 2,3‐dioxygenase (C2,3DO) (0.230 μmol/min/mg of protein) was found in the culture liquid of the strain, grown with 3,4‐DCA and glucose. This fact, as well as, the presence of 3‐chloro‐4‐hydroxyaniline as a metabolite suggested that 3,4‐DCA degradation pathway includes dehalogenation and hydroxylation of aromatic ring followed by its subsequent cleaving by C2,3DO. On the contrary, activity of catechol 1,2‐dioxygenase (C1,2DO) (0.08 μmol/min/mg of protein) was found in the cell‐free extract of biomass grown on 3,4‐DFA. 3‐Fluoro‐4‐hydroxyaniline as intermediate was found in this cell‐free extract.


A range of new psychoactive substances have flooded the marketplace in recent years and subsequently there has been an increase in experimentation with them. Well-known drug educator Paul Dillon says one of these substances - N-BOMe, which is being sold as LSD and has been linked to four deaths - is the first drug he has ever explicitly warned people against taking (ABC News, 8 August 2013).


Mice on a low Na, high K diet (LNaHK; 0.01% Na, 5% K, 5% carbonate/citrate/Cl) maintain K balance because of the dietary effect to stimulate high distal flow and elicit a very high plasma aldosterone (P[aldo]) that maximally increases the activity of the epithelial Na channel (ENaC). Presumably, the high distal flow stimulates K secretion by the large, Ca‐activated K channel (BK) while the enhanced ENaC‐mediated Na reabsorption increases the driving force for K secretion via both BK and the renal outer medullary K channel (ROMK). However, the notion that ROMK plays a role in K secretion in the distal nephron of mice on LNaHK has not been examined in ROMK knockout mice (KO). To this end, we determined plasma aldosterone levels (P[aldo]; ELISA) and studied the renal handling of K in WT and KO (129/SvJ) mice on LNaHK (4–7 days) with metabolic cage experiments. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured with FITC‐inulin in conscious mice. On a control diet, there was no difference between WT and KO in the rate of K excretion (UKV; 516.1±63.4 and 521.3±64.1 mmol/day). On LNaHK, the UKV in KO was slightly but significantly lower than WT (1867±312.8 and 2483±92.1 mmol/day). Compared with WT on a control diet (0.3% Na, 0.6% K), KO exhibited a 4‐fold greater urine volume (KO = 5.4±0.6 and WT = 1.4±0.2 ml/day), a reduction in urine osmolality (658±63 and 3253±402 mOsm) but no change in plasma K (P[K]; 4.7±0.8 and 4.5±0.2 mM). Compared to WT on LNaHK, KO exhibited a higher urine volume (6.2±0.6 and 4.3±0.4 ml/day), a reduction in urine osmolality (660±43 and 1708±139 mOsm) but a reduced GFR (177.6±34.1 and 452.9±28.1 ml/day). The reduced GFR of KO was probably the result of a failure to retain Na and volume with a 2‐fold urinary Na loss (UNaV) compared with WT (64.9±11 and 30.8±4.1 mmol/day) and a three‐fold greater P[aldo] (9558±75 and 3717±470 pg/ml). However, KO on LNaHK still maintained K balance with a slightly, but not significantly, elevated P[K] (5.6±0.7 and 4.9±0.2 mM), a 2‐fold increased fractional excretion of K (193.8±52.1% and 97.7±8.0%) and a similar transtubular K gradients (TTKG; 27.4±2.8 and 26.3±1.4), compared with WT. These data indicate that reduced K excretion in KO on LNaHK is caused by reduced GFR due to inadequate Na and volume retention. ROMK of the aldosterone‐sensitive distal nephron does not contribute to K secretion of mice on LNaHK to maintain K balance.


Performance-based program management systems were introduced to the US Federal Government over the last 20 years to address a number of management challenges. This research examines performance management issues through a longitudinal qualitative case study of a regulatory program, the US Coast Guard Marine Safety. The study illustrates that there are two diametrically contrasting approaches to the US Federal Government performance management: 1) top-down centrally-mandated methodologies that require standard compliance; 2) voluntary activities to improve decision-making and outcomes. The study argues that it is unreasonable to manage complex federal government programs within an environment of high ambiguity using the former approach. With the latter approach, the Coast Guard Marine Safety program improves safety and environmental outcomes. The study illustrates what is possible apart from the bureaucratic centrally-mandated requirements.


Objective To analyze the cerebrovascular disorders for uremia patients with hemodialysis(HD).Methods The patients with cereborvascular disorders among 159 uremia patients with HD were reviewed retrospectively.Results Of 159 cases,23 cerebrovascular accidents occurred(14 cerebral hemorrhage and 9 cerebral infarction),the incidence rate was 14.46%.The death rates of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction were 71.4% and 22.2%.Conclusion Cerebrovascular accidents result in high mortality,especially the cerebral hemorrhage.It is very important for uremia patients with HD to prevent and treat cerebrovascular accidents for enhancing the quality of life and prolonging the life.


Cyclo-octa-2,5,7-triene-1,4-dione bisethylene aceta1 [(13) or (14)] has been prepared by bromination of cyclooctane-1,4-dione bisethylene acetal (11) to give the tribromo-compound (12), and subsequent dehydrobromination. The dibromo-trans-cyclo-octene bisacetal (17) is an intermediate in the dehydrobromination reaction, but it was not possible to distinguish spectroscopically between structures (13) and (14) for the triene bisacetal. The triene bisacetal could not be converted into cyclo-octa-2,5,7-triene-1,4-dione (3).


Trends in the field of nanomaterial-based transformer oil show most of the conducted works have focused only on the transformer oil-based nanofluids but limited studies on the stability of transformer oil-based nanofluids. Since mineral oil-based nanofluids still can produce the sedimentation, thus the cold-atmospheric pressure plasma method is proposed to functionally modify the Silicon Dioxide (SiO 2 ) nanofiller in order to enhance the electrical properties of the mineral oil-based nanofluids. The AC breakdown strength oil samples before and after modification were measured. It was found that the plasma treated nanofluids have higher AC breakdown voltage compared to pure oil and untreated nanofluids. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy has been used in this study to analyse the physical changes of oil samples. It is envisaged that the added silica nanofiller has significant effect on electrical properties of the transformer oil-based nanofluids which would enable to the development of an improved class of liquid dielectric for the application of power transformer.


The article is an attempt to analyze the model of the split payment of VAT by comparing the experience of Republic of Bulgaria acquired prior to its accession to the EU with its modern day application in the EU by the Republics of Italy, Romania and Poland. The purpose is to contribute to the better understanding of this model, to draw the necessary conclusions from its implementation and use, and to understand its potential in the framework of the definitive VAT system – all this to the service of tax experts, policy makers and businesses.


This review describes measurements of visual field maps and color signals in human visual cortex. One of the most exciting advances in recent years has been the ability to measure more than a dozen visual field maps in human visual cortex. These maps are grouped into small clusters that share a common eccentricity representation; we speculate that maps within a cluster have shared visual functions. The distribution of color (cone photoreceptor) signals differs strikingly across these clusters. The cluster of maps in ventral occipital cortex responds to all three color dimensions powerfully, and lesions within these maps disturb color appearance. The ventral occipital maps appear to be essential for normal interpretation of colors. Dorsal regions receive input from all three cone classes, but dorsal color coding but the signals are quite unlike human visual perception. Quantitative measurements of the responses in these dorsal and ventral regions promise to clarify the cortical circuitry that is essential for color appearance and related color phenomena. (Neuro-ophthalmol Jpn 23: 000~000, 2006)


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To compare the surgical outcomes of epiretinal membrane (ERM) treatment between eyes with and without an ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Seventy-seven ERM eyes of 76 consecutive patients were investigated retrospectively. Optical coherence tomography examinations and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements were performed before and at 6 and 12 months after vitrectomy.

RESULTS
In both eyes with and without an EIFL, the BCVAs at 6 and 12 months after vitrectomy were significantly better than those before vitrectomy (P < .05), whereas the BCVAs 6 and 12 months after vitrectomy were significantly better in eyes without an EIFL than in those with an EIFL (P = .014 and P = .019, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Vitrectomy may be effective in improving visual acuity in eyes with ERMs with and without an EIFL. However, ERM surgery may be desirable before EIFL development to obtain a better prognosis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:838-845.].


In this paper we adopted the SOA-BPM combination architecture to realize the loose coupling of the heterogeneous information systems of logistics enterprises,presented its overall architecture and the major technologies for its realization,and then in the case of Liuzhou State-operated Transportation Company Limited,introduced the actual application of the SOA-BPM-based logistics information system.


. After 2003, Iraq witnessed radical changes in its political system, after many wars, multiple sanctions, and an external occupation during which its infrastructure and institutions were destroyed until it became one of the failed states from which the most serious problems that affect international security and stability emanate. It has also become an environment of conflict and multiple renewed crises, the most important of which is a crisis of leadership and the state-building, which has become a necessity to discuss. The research focuses on the topic of the leadership crisis in Iraq on women as a possible leader in resolving crises and peacemaking in the stage of building the Iraqi state, and on the possibility of applying the relationship between women leadership and nation-building and what this relationship means in the context of continued insecurity and stability, so the research look at a set of important points. Of which; 1-The possibility of exploring the role of women leaders in the process of building the Iraqi state. 2-What is the political behavior of Iraqi women and their role in the process of state-building. 3-The possibility of women's participation in conflict resolution and reconstruction after a series of internal political conflicts 4-The possibility of determining the status of Iraqi women as a leader in the context of political transitions and clarifying the roles they have already played in the transitional phase. Are Iraqi women considered an essential actor in the processes of achieving peace and building the state?


The Black Book, Orhan Pamuk's second novel in English translation, was published in Guneli Gun's translation in 1994 and in a retranslation by Maureen Freely in 2006. The decision for retranslation was mainly taken by the author on the basis of the criticism the first translation received from the reviewers, the most significant readers of translations with their power to consecrate foreign authors and their work in their new cultural settings. This study will present an analysis of the two translations of The Black Book, taking as its point of departure the criticism expressed in the reviews. The analysis will reveal the ways in which the first translation served as a criterion for the retranslation and how the two translators represented the author and his work differently, which was mainly enabled because of the changing status of Orhan Pamuk as an author in the English-speaking world between 1994 and 2006.


Based on the provisions of the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia after the fourth amendment, described in Article 1 paragraph (1) and (2) namely that the State of Indonesia is a unitary State of the Republic, and Sovereignty is in the hands of the people and carried out according to Constitution. One of the noble principles in the 1945 Constitution emphasizes the guarantee of freedom of association as part of Human Rights, where Political Parties are one of the pillars of independence of the association The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the ideal idea which is done by the Government in the settlement of internal disputes of political party, especially the United Development Party (PPP) after the reformation, attributed to the increasing role of political party in the life of nation and state which is not followed by harmonious political communication, this is due to the frequent occurrence of debates that occur when they compete in the political field. The research method used is descriptive qualitative descriptive research using case study. The type of approach used in this research is the approach to empirical data in the field by involving two sources of evidence at the same time that is systemic interview and direct observation to the research which is also associated with Certainty Law.


The techniques of target recognition and trajectory prediction have been analyzed in this paper. Based on the photosensor, the fuzzy control algorithm has been put forward, and the fuzzy control has been applied in the steering control of the intelligent vehicle. The position error and route signals were employed as inputs in this strategy. Moreover, how to exert valid information from the logic level signals sampled by sensor was discussed in depth. The fuzzy control strategy can not only improve the driving quality of the vehicle race curve, but also improves the reliability of the vehicle race hunting.


In the research of photovoltaic( PV) cell simulator,how to determine the PV characteristic curve is a key issue. In view of the large amount of calculations of the PV cell index model and poor portability of the polynomial model,a uniform piecewise polynomial fitting algorithm is provided. According to the partings,the algorithm estimates which segment the input voltage belongs to and then load the interpolated points. Finally the function is established by Lagrange interpolation formula. Compared with other models,the accuracy of this model can be controlled by setting segment fitting number and insertion points,and the curve trend can be changed on request. The influence of taking points piecewise on fitting precision is analyzed using four-segment method,with research results given.


The tendency of evolution in the structure of budget expenditure in China is consisten with the evolutionary regularity of the model of expenditure structure development mostly.But the rate of economical expenditure is reducing rapidly,while the rate of social expenditure is increasing speedily,further more the rate of the two amounts of expenditure overreaches the public finance model in the correspondence stage,all of the above account that the welfare public finance in China is premature.This article forwards the representation of the welfare public finance in China through history and reality comparison,analyzes the reasons onthe representation from the aspects of the transform of govemment's function when economic system developing hisorically,the social background and the model of personal consumption,at last expounds the effect of prematurity of the welfare public finance and the countermeasures should be adopted.


Objective The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the Qatari population is unknown and hence the estimated impact on the local population cannot be determined. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and metabolic features of PCOS among Qatari women. Design Cross sectional analysis. Patients 3,017 Qatari subjects volunteered to be phenotyped and genotyped for the Qatar Biobank from which all women between the ages of 18–40 years were identified (750). Measurements 720 women had testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) measurements. PCOS was diagnosed according the National Institute of Health (NIH) Guidelines of a raised androgen level (free androgen index >4.5 or a raised total testosterone) and menstrual irregularity after the exclusion of other conditions. Results All results are reported as mean value of PCOS versus control. 87 of 720 women fulfilled the NIH guidelines (12.1%) for PCOS specifically using a free androgen index greater than 4.5 or a total testosterone greater than 2.7nmol/l and menstrual irregularity. Subjects were heavier with a more metabolic profile of a greater systolic and diastolic blood pressure, higher levels of C reactive protein, insulin (p<0.01) and HbA1c (P<0.02), and decreased HDL levels (p<0.01). Pulse wave velocity as a marker of arterial stiffness was also increased (p<0.05) Conclusions By NIH guidelines the prevalence of PCOS in this Qatari cohort was 12.1% that would likely reflect 20% by Rotterdam criteria, with a markedly more metabolic phenotype than Qatari controls.


The incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) is high. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) has attracted attention from worldwide experts and scholars because of its severe symptoms, systemic complications, and poor prognosis. Endocrine damage occurs in acute pancreatitis patients, but the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. This article reviews the progress in research of endocrine function impairment in acute pancreatitis.

Key words:
Acute pancreatitis; Pancreatic endocrine function; Pancreatic exocrine function


Abstract A simple one-dimensional model for SNS weak links in the ballistic limit is presented. In the presence of a bias voltage, the quasiparticle state at any given instant of time is described as a superposition of that particular set of phase-dependent Andreev bound states that belongs to the specific phase difference present at that instant between the superconducting banks. The treatment—basically a form of adiabatic perturbation theory—has a strong formal similarity to the treatment of the k -space dynamics of an electron in a periodic potential under perturbation by an external electric field, sufficiently strong to cause transitions across the energy gaps between bands (Zener tunneling). It is shown that the quasiparticle wavefunction retains its phase information during analogous transitions between Andreev bands. The experimental observation of Shapiro steps at one-half the canonical voltage follows naturally from the model, along with some of the experimental properties of these steps, especially their much weaker temperature dependence, compared to the canonical steps.


JN 1895 Rontgen, while investigating the effects of an electric current passed through rarefied gases in an evacuated tube, noticed that a form of radiation cam.e from the tube which caused a fluorescent screen to glow. These rays he called X-rays, denoting unknown rays, and they are known as such to this day. These rays we now know are similar to light waves but have a shorter wavelength. A year or so after the discovery of X-rays, Bacquerel discovered that a photographic film became fogged after being placed near a sample of uranium ore; obviously, the uranium ore was giving off radiations similar to X-rays, and an attempt was made to determine its exact source. A startling new discovery was then made. As the uranium ore was purified, the radiation, instead of becoming stronger became weaker! Evidently the ore contained some "impurity", which was more active thart the uranium itself.


We analyze the one-particle spectral function for the model of Ta2NiSe5 by utilizing the functional renormalization group (fRG) method. By properly accounting for one-dimensional fluctuation effect...


Electromagnetic interference (EMI) from a LCD panel deteriorates the performance of wireless network system (including Wireless network cards: Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) card and Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) card) in a notebook. One of the main EMI noise source for the wireless network system in a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel is the timing controller IC (T-Con). In this paper, the approach to solve the problems of EMI noise in T- Con of LCD panel and the method of measuring the EMI noise of the T-Con itself by using the TEM-cell are introduced. Secondly, the solutions with the use of TEM cell tests, signal analyses etc are suggested to improve the EMI noise of the T- Con. Finally, the measurement results of the EMI noise level of the LCD panel (with the improved T-Con through these approaches) are presented. Because the EMI noise problem becomes more and more important issues for the wireless network systems, the solutions of the problem and proper proposals have to be studied, which are suggested in this paper. All of the solutions were verified experimentally.


On the basis of clarifying the connotation of government governed by law,the paper sets out the necessity: it is an important embodiment of holding fast to the thought of "people-oriented"policy;it is an essential requirement to build a harmonious society and to carry out the Scientific Outlook on Development.Based on the comprehensive,in-depth analysis of the achievements and problems in building government governed by law in China,the paper focuses on the level of practice and puts forward an orientation to make further steps on strengthening the construction of government governed by law: strengthening legislation,strict law enforcement and supervision by joint efforts.


The state of writing abilities throughout the United States presents an urgent issue. Low student achievement in English Language Arts (ELA) exams and standardized English assessments persist (National Center for Education Statistics, 2012), while businesses spend billions of dollars on remedial writing instruction (Dillon, 2008). Technology is increasingly cited as a potential solution to these issues. Evidence for this is limited, as is existing research into the basis of the issues that technology might address. On account of that context, this thesis turns to a basic distinction between digital and non-digital writing: the writing surface and implement, or pen and paper – screen and keyboard. Conceptualizing such artefacts through a view of writing as a way of thinking raises the following question, which is this study's guiding inquiry. Might we use digital implements and surfaces to support the ways of thinking involved in composing written works of semantic cohesion? Building on research into writing as thinking, the study presented in this document analyses how uses of writing surfaces and implements relate to ways of thinking while writing, and which contextual factors influence those relationships. Drawing on a neuro-anthropological approach, the study focuses on the writer's mind as the driver and source of the lived experience of writing. Expert writers, therefore, are considered to be those who exhibit the ways of thinking while writing to which other writers aspire. To examine a range of uses of writing surfaces and implements with reference to expert writers' ways of thinking, the study was conducted in two parts. Part 1involved a content analysis of published interviews with professional writers. This generated a framework through which to conduct in-depth qualitative research with college student writers – part 2. This thesis is as much about thinking while writing as it is about the different tools available for writing. As such, the study refutes the hyperbolic and deterministic claims about technology and writing, and finds that technology is not leading to new ways of thinking while writing. Instead, surfaces and implements available allow writers to change how they practise their ways of thinking while writing. By considering this distinction and developing understandings of the dynamics involved and their implications, writers may begin to realize the potential of technology for writing. Ultimately, this thesis contributes to existing theories on writing through an informed discussion of how to think about implements and surfaces in ways that support writerly thinking, and by offering fresh ways to think about the lived practice of writing.


Let Hn = R2n × R be the n−dimensional Heisenberg group, ∇Hn be its subelliptic gradient operator, and ρ (ξ) = ( |z| + t2 )1/4 for ξ = (z, t) ∈ Hn be the distance function in Hn. Denote H = H, Q = 2n + 2 and Q′ = Q/(Q − 1). Let Ω be a bounded domain with smooth boundary in H. Motivated by the Moser-Trudinger inequalities on the Heisenberg group, we study the existence of solution to a nonuniformly subelliptic equation of the form  − divH(a (ξ,∇Hu (ξ))) = f (ξ,u(ξ)) ρ(ξ)β + εh(ξ) in Ω u ∈ W 0 (Ω)\ {0} u ≥ 0 in Ω , where f : Ω × R → R behaves like exp ( α |u|Q ) when |u| → ∞. In the case of Q−subLaplacian  − divH ( |∇Hu| ∇Hu ) = f (ξ,u) ρ(ξ)β + εh(ξ) in Ω u ∈ W 0 (Ω)\ {0} u ≥ 0 in Ω , we will apply minimax methods to obtain multiplicity of weak solutions. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 42B37, 35J92, 35J62.


The effect of various modes of drying upon the crystallinity of cellulose has been determined by X-ray diffraction.No change in the crystallinity index was observed when previously undried pure cel...


Objective To evaluate the academic status of the researchers in pediatric department of Peking university first hospital, we conducted bibliometric analysis of research on the scientific publications. Methods The total number, first authors, and the citing and cited conditions of these papers published from 1999 to 2000 were analyzed by bibliometric methods. Results There were total 513 papers including 275 original articles published in 59 journals from 1999 to 2003.There were 238 papers written in Chinese, of which 188 papers (79 %) were from the core journals. In the 37 original articles written in English, 31 papers(83.8 %) were select-ed by science citation index(SCI).The average of impact factors (IF) of sourcing journals was 1.447(0.107 -7.717). The averages of IF per year ranged from 0. 768 to 2.206.The original articles selected by SCI were totally cited 38 times. Every article was cited 1.41 times in average.Of all 275 papers,each had an average of 9.8 citing reference, increasing from 8.1 in 1999 to 12.0 in 2003.About 80.7 % of those references were written in foreign languages.The Price's index of those papers was 43.2%.Conclusions The number of papers kept improving in the past 5 years, and had a significant improvement in 2003.The authors showes great talents to use English articles as their main information sources. But the utilization of the last published papers in this subject should be im-proved.


researchers agreed that acquiring more skills for involving communities would facilitate community involvement in research. Table 4 lists both the statistic (27.7% agreement) and the p-value (.074) correctly; it is only the text, not the table, that contained this error. The abstract of the paper (p. 65) included "acquiring skills" in a list of several factors faculty want, when the true finding that 27.7% want these skills may lead to a more modest conclusion. Similarly, the "Educational Implications" section of the paper (p. 74) states that "investigators value the involvement of community, want better skills to involve the community, and want their institution, similarly, to more significantly involve community." With the corrected statistic, the piece of this recommendation related to skills should have been more modest. We apologize greatly for this error in the text of the paper.


The purpose of this study is to describe (1) the form of directive speech acts contained in the dialogue film "Dilan 1990" by Pidi Baiq, (2) directive speech function found in the dialogue "Dilan 1990" by Pidi baiq, and (3 ) the maximal match found in the speech act directive to the dialogue film "Dilan 1990" by Pidi Baiq. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, and data collection uses note-taking techniques with the referring method. The results of this study are as follows. First, the form of speech acts directed at the dialogue film "Dilan 1990" by Pidi Baiq consists of six categories, namely governing, asking, inviting, advising, criticizing, and prohibiting. Secondly, the function of speech acts directed at the dialogue film "Dilan 1990" by Pidi Baiq varies. (a) Governing has the function of governing, ordering, instructing, requiring, forcing, and inviting. (b) Asking for a function to request, expect, request and offer. (c) Inviting a function to invite and collect. (d) Giving advice there is a function of appealing and calling. (e) Criticism is a function of reprimanding, threatening, and anger. (f) Prohibiting there is a function of prohibiting, and preventing. Third, the maximal match in the speech act directive in the film dialogue Dilan 1990 there are 42 data and there are 24 data mismatches.


A joystick that utilises Hall effect sensors and a magnet to define the orientation of the stick. The stick 2 is mounted on the base 1 by a spring 3, allowing the stick to be inclined in any direction from the standard central position, and a magnet 5 is mounted on its base. Hall effect sensors 4 are used to issue a signal in response to variations in the magnetic field produced by movement of the stick and magnet. These sensors are arranged around the stick above the magnet at a radius slightly less than that of the magnet and in a plane which is parallel to the magnet when the stick is in its central position.


Fanshi Ge has its peculiar effect in communicating,because this kind of expression is both beyond our expection and is understanble.In this situation,there is a gap between the consequent utterence and our expection based on the normal rule of language negation and the sentence pattern Bushi......Ershi...... (不是......而是......). And the consequent utterence fills the gap out of the logic rule of language negation.


The level of college counselors' qualities and abilities is directly related to that whether university student work will be successfully carried out or not.University counselors should have good political qualities,noble ideological and moral qualities,theoretical knowledge with system,down-to-earth and rational structure,healthy physical and mental qualities,as well as the qualities and abilities of active learning,innovation work,organizing and planning,cooperation and communication,relieving sorrow and resolving doubt,model education,controlling the whole situation,well written and oral expressions,and so on.The effective approaches that improve the counselors' qualities should be actively explored,and the level of counselor team's work should be improved in universities.


Garcilaso de la Vega, as others before and after him, recorded aspects of Andean society pertaining to the use and significance of the garments of the Inca. Garcilaso's remarks, however, provide particular insight of a personal nature. These highlight aspects of Andean life at a moment of cultural transformation, bringing to the forefront subtle details of the character of Inca ways in contrast to the encroaching Spanish world. In his narrative of the Royal Commentaries of the Incas, recounting the mythological origins of Inca society, traditions from the ancient past and recent history intermingle. According to these histories, the prevailing Inca mythology posited that everyone prior to the Inca had been naked, or wore only leaves and skins. The drawings of Guaman Poma de Ayala, in his Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno (1614), depict this transformation from the wearing of garments made of leaves to that of animal pelts, in his presentation of the early ages of man (fig. 1). Such documents attribute the fine art of weaving, and even that of wearing clothes, to the first Inca nobility, specifically Mama Ocllo (fig. 2). Garcilaso claims that she and her husband, Manco Capac, the first Inca king, were responsible for the important civilizing aspect of Inca culture*the wearing of clothes.


Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer-related deaths in Mexico. Residential exposure to environmental hazards, like air pollutants produced by industrial activities (HAPs), and contaminated sources of drinking water (CSW) may increase breast cancer risk. There is an interest in assessing environmental pollutants as risk factors, but there is no consensus on such an association. Hermosillo municipality is one of the regions with high breast cancer incidence at Sonora, Mexico. The role of environmental hazards on breast cancer risk in Hermosillo; however, has not been fully explored. This study aims at evaluating associations between breast cancer incidence rates and residential exposure to potentially hazardous sites (PHS). Objective: The aim is to determine breast cancer incidence rates in neighborhoods in the municipality of Hermosillo exposed to HAPs and/or CSW. Methods: Data (744 cases) is being collected from 5-year old clinical files of breast cancer patients residing in Hermosillo, and who were patients in private and public hospitals. Coordinates of PHS were obtained through government databases (INEGI, CONAGUA, SAGARPA) and projected onto a map by conversion to UTM zone 12 N. Cluster analysis was conducted to identify geographic regions of high breast cancer incidence. Neighborhoods were classified by their proximity to PHS, then calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval for breast cancer risk among residentially exposed inhabitants with that for non-exposed tenants. Results: Preliminary findings include high-high breast cancer clusters in five neighborhoods across Hermosillo, and from those, three are contiguous. In order to evaluate the association between neighborhoods with breast cancer cases, and the number of industries, an OR = 1.55 was obtained ((1.26 - 1.90), 95% CI, p-value = 0.00002). The previous comparison involved the location of 6 or more factories and those with less than 6 facilities (gas power industries excluded). We also examined an association between neighborhoods with breast cancer cases and their proximity (radio distance in km) to gas power industries-only. A comparison was made between neighborhoods within a radio of ≤ 2 km with those between a radio 2 - 4 km resulting in an OR = 0.68 ((0.56 - 0.83) CI, p-value = 0.00001). An additional comparison was carried out between residential locations within a radio of ≤ 2 km to those beyond 4 km, estimating an OR = 0.53 ((0.44 - 0.64), 95% CI, p-value Citation Format: Diana Evelyn Villa-Guillen, Enrique Avila-Monteverde, Jose H Gonzalez-Zepeda, Luis F Munguia-Ibarra, Baldemar Corral-Villegas, Leticia Garcia-Rico, Martin Jara-Marini, Ana I Valenzuela-Quintanar, Graciela Caire-Juvera, Ivan Anduro-Corona, Eduardo Ruiz-Bustos, Jorge A Villa-Carrillo. Breast cancer risk and residential exposure to environmental hazards in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-21.


PDAM Surabaya is a company engaged in the field of clean water supply services. One of the goals in the form of PDAM is to meet the community's need for clean water, including the provision, development of facilities and infrastructure services and the distribution of clean water, while another goal is to participate in developing the economy to support regional development by expanding employment opportunities, and seeking profit as the main source. regional financing.PDAM Surabaya as one of the BUMDs is expected to be able to provide adequate marketing. Only companies that have advantages at the global level are able to satisfy and meet consumer needs and are able to produce quality products and are cost effective (Mulyadi, 2001). In order to achieve excellent marketing services, companies are faced with. The determination of the marketing strategy will serve as the basis and framework for realizing the work targets determined by management. Therefore we need a tool to determine the marketing strategy so that it can be seen to what extent the strategy and what has been determined can be achieved. Assessment of marketing targets plays an important role in the business world, due to the evaluation of the marketing strategy can be seen the effectiveness and determination of a strategy and its application within a certain time. The marketing strategy can approach the weaknesses and deficiencies that are still present in the company, for further improvements to be made in the future.


This study aimed to describe the implementation of the social marketing strategy used by Gerakan Indonesia Diet Kantong Plastik, based on the problem of plastic waste in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to find out how the "Diet Kantong Plastik" Social Marketing Strategy used by GIDKP in Indonesia in 2018.
This research used qualitative research method using case study approach. This research was conducted in the GIDKP secretariat in South Jakarta. The data source in this study comes from the results of interviews with informants, literature studies, documentary and photographs. The validity of data is tested using source triangulation which means comparing and checking the validity of information obtained by source triangulation in qualitative research.
The results of this study indicate that GIDKP has a strategic step, named three pillars that are used as a reference in each program and activity, there are advocacy, corporate engagement, and public education. Of the three pillars, the cooperation between GIDKP and the government has a big role in the successful marketing of "Diet Kantong Plastik". Although GIDKP has three pillars that are used as references, GIDKP also used the steps of a social marketing strategy, although from the results of this study there are still some steps that have not been maximized by GIDKP.


This work improves on the latest research about sorting acceleration on FPGAs. An efficient design is introduced for sorting data that fit on-chip, with the additional functionality to merge sorted sublists recursively, for an input of arbitrary length. While many-leaf mergers are conventionally single-rate, a novel technique in our approach is to use a parallel merge tree only for the latest stages of the merge tree, to enable bandwidth-adapted multi-rate many-leaf merge. Our open-source RTL generator produces sorting peripherals with customisable parallelism and data format. We evaluate our FPGA design as an 128-bit wide peripheral on an MPSoC platform, with a speedup of up to 49 times over the A53 core for sorting, and up to 27 times speedup for our specialized database analytics application.


THE Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Score (NACS) was described in 1982 by Amiel-Tison et al. It was developed to evaluate the neurobehavior of term, healthy newborns; specifically, to detect central nervous system depression from drugs administered to the mother during labor and delivery and to differentiate these effects from those associated with perinatal asphyxia and trauma at birth. The 20-item instrument contains items from the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), the Scanlon Early Neonatal Neurobehavioral Scale (ENNS), and the Amiel-Tison Neurologic Evaluation. Several review articles have described these tests in detail and compared the NBAS and ENNS to the NACS. The NACS emphasizes muscle tone more than the ENNS and NBAS. It takes less time to complete without subjecting neonates to aversive stimuli such as pinpricks and repeated Moro maneuvers. The original article provided instructions on how to use the scale, outlining the appropriate testing environment, the state of the neonate at the time of testing, and the order in which to conduct the test items. Instructional text and photographs illustrated the correct technique for performing the assessments. The NACS items are organized into two scales: adaptive capacity and neurologic assessment. The latter is further divided into four subscales: passive tone, active tone, primary reflexes, and a general neurologic status assessment. Items are scored 0 (absent or grossly abnormal), 1 (mediocre or slightly abnormal), or 2 (normal), for a maximum score of 40. A score of $ 35 was arbitrarily deemed to be normal. The NACS has been used extensively for research purposes during the past 16 yr to evaluate the neurobehavior of neonates. We undertook this systematic literature review to examine how it has been used in obstetric anesthesia research and to determine whether there is evidence that it is a reliable and valid tool for detecting drug effects in neonates. In addition, we assessed whether the scale had been used as originally described, paying particular attention to the timing of the tests and the neonatal environment. This article is accompanied by an Editorial View. Please see: Camann W, Brazelton TB: Use and abuse of neonatal neurobehavioral testing. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2000; 92:3–5. r


Lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy electrodeposits were electrodeposited in weakly acidic baths.The effect of the concentrations of main salts and the process conditions on the compositions,and the morphologies of Sn-Ag-Cu alloy electrodeposits were investigated by X-ray fluorescence(XRF) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicate that,the electrodeposition of Sn-Ag-Cu alloy is canonical co-electrodeposition.The concentrations of Sn2+ and Ag+ have influence mainly on the grain size,while the concentration of Cu2+ has influence mainly on the planeness of the deposits.The increase of the current density,or the decrease of the pH value or the descent of the bath temperature can accelerate the growth of fine grains in the deposits.


AI visual algorithms have obtained obvious improvements in detection performance. However, the resulting extremely high computational complexity hinders the progress of AI hardware design for real-time and portable applications. In this paper, we have developed a dedicated AI detection neural network along with the necessary AI model speedup techniques. For the development goal, we propose our own backbone neural network, which we named it Agilev4. Besides, we introduce a so-called GoP (Group of Pictures) technology to accelerate the computation by removing temporal redundancy. The test with a dedicated hyper-market scenario data illustrates that the presented system can track each object well. Finally, the frame rate can be accelerated to 35.4 frames per second when we deployed Agilev4 along with the GoP mode acceleration on Jetson Nano. Compared with the original existing neural network, the speedup ratio is more than 1200%.


The infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G028.23-00.19 hosts a massive (1500 M⊙), cold (12 K), and 3.6–70 μm IR dark clump (MM1) that has the potential to form high-mass stars. We observed this prestellar clump candidate with the Submillimeter Array (∼3.″5 resolution) and Jansky Very Large Array (∼2.″1 resolution) in order to characterize the early stages of high-mass star formation and to constrain theoretical models. Dust emission at 1.3 mm wavelength reveals five cores with masses ≤15 M⊙. None of the cores currently have the mass reservoir to form a high-mass star in the prestellar phase. If the MM1 clump will ultimately form high-mass stars, its embedded cores must gather a significant amount of additional mass over time. No molecular outflows are detected in the CO (2-1) and SiO (5-4) transitions, suggesting that the SMA cores are starless. By using the NH3 (1, 1) line, the velocity dispersion of the gas is determined to be transonic or mildly supersonic (ΔVnt/ΔVth ∼ 1.1–1.8). The cores are not highly supersonic as some theories of high-mass star formation predict. The embedded cores are four to seven times more massive than the clump thermal Jeans mass and the most massive core (SMA1) is nine times less massive than the clump turbulent Jeans mass. These values indicate that neither thermal pressure nor turbulent pressure dominates the fragmentation of MM1. The low virial parameters of the cores (0.1–0.5) suggest that they are not in virial equilibrium, unless strong magnetic fields of ∼1–2 mG are present. We discuss high-mass star formation scenarios in a context based on IRDC G028.23-00.19, a study case believed to represent the initial fragmentation of molecular clouds that will form high-mass stars.


In this article, a new subwavelength element is introduced into the broadband folded reflectarray antenna (FRA). The element comprises a rectangular split‐ring resonator with two slits and a square patch located in the center of the rectangular ring. It can achieve superior cross polarization conversion (CPC) performance from 16.2 to 26.4 GHz with 1 dB bandwidth of 45.4%, and high orthogonal polarization isolation. Furthermore, changing the positions of two splits of the element can achieve two discrete reflection phases (0° and 180°) with the high CPC efficiency and angular stability. To verify the feasibility, an FRA using the digitally quantized phase distribution method is designed and measured at 22 GHz. The measured results show that the 1 dB gain bandwidth of the proposed FRA is 30.8%, and the maximum aperture efficiency is 15.4%. This superior performance is comparable with the existing FRAs.


The text can be seen as a debate about the regionalisms in the Ninetenth Century Spain, with an special attention to the Basque case. Based insome recent contributions on this topic, the complex relations between the Spanish general patriotism and the regionally based ones are revisited again. Also are discussed the cultural identities involved in those processes. This ambiguities are discussed in the period before the raising of the alternate and competing nationalisms of the turn of the century.


Cryoglobulins are proteins that form 'cloudy' precipitates at temperatures <37°C. In type I cryoglobulinemia, the causative protein is a monoclonal immunoglobulin due to an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. Cryoglobulinemia can present with hyperviscosity syndrome, characterized by headache, fatigue, and blurred vision. In episodes of severe cryoglobulinemia, premature precipitation of proteins can lead to falsely negative diagnostic tests and complications with treatment. The following case exemplifies the complications of diagnosis and treatment of cryoglobulinemia with hyperviscosity syndrome.


On the surface of the glass material, there is provided a method of forming a raised feature points (feature) having a height (height) within the target range, the method comprising the steps of: (1) providing a glass material having a surface, (2) the surface or in its lower position, the method comprising: locally provided with an amount of energy to cause a localized expansion of the glass material, a characteristic point on said surface at said location so as to raise the glass material, and (3) above the raised feature point measuring the height or the height in time of the raised feature points, (4) (a) provide If the height is less than the target range, or approximate to or less value, a larger amount of energy to the glass material at the location step, (b) if the height is more than a value approximate to or more than the target range, the method comprising: providing a smaller amount of energy to the glass material at the location, and (5) above which In the table range in response to a request which the height to reach a step of repeating the steps (3) and (4). A method and apparatus to automate the process are also disclosed.


At Sandia National Laboratories, a data communications architecture — whose major elements include a fiber loop, technical control centers, and a terminal switching network — provides security for data communications. The optical fiber loop supplies the advantages of high bandwidth, negligible crosstalk, immunity to interference, and resistance to tapping. The technical control centers, as elements on the fiber loop, focus regional communications and simplify distribution over the loop. The terminal switching network uses the fiber loop and the control centers' distribution and control capabilities to layer management and security control onto the Sandia network. By designing data communications around this set of trusted elements, Sandia has implemented a robust, secure system without sacrificing performance or responsiveness.


The conjugation of paraleucaniline-bovine serum albumin(PA-BSA) was prepared via a modified carbodiimide method.Features of the conjugation were identified by ultraviolet spectrometry,polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) and mass spectroscopy.PA-BSA was used as immunogen to immunize Balb/c mice.The results showed that PA-BSA coupling ratio was 37∶ 1.The titers of purified Pabs were 6.25×105;Then a competitive inhibition curves of Pabs to LMG was developed,and the IC50 was 11.8 mg/L.The antibody exhibited high cross-reactivity(100%) with malachite green and paraleucaniline.


The railway industry is a multi-disciplinary environment, incorporating a wide range of engineering disciplines, as well as operational and technical skills, and expertise. Within this environment a number of technical societies serve and constantly strive to positively influence the railway industry and its people. This article contains a brief outline of the following technical societies that exist within the railway industry.


gelelectrophoresis. Inthis study, we raised monospecific antiserum inrabbits against thepurified proteinase foruseinimmunoelectron microscopy. We showedthatimmunolabel was localized in thecell wailofboththesaprobic andparasitic phases butwas mostconcentrated inthewallofthesegmentation apparatus ofspherules just prior toendospore differentiation. Thetotal wallfractions ofthemycelial phase, aswell asthose ofpresegmented andendosporulating spherules, were isolated frominvitro grown cells and thentreated with aproteinase inhibitor (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride [PMSF]) whichirreversibly binds tothe residual proteolytic enzyme in thewailisolates. Eachfraction was dialyzed, lyophilized, andseparately incubated withtheactive, purified 36,000-Mr proteinase. Thereaction mixtures were examined spectrophotometrically (A2m) fordecomposition ofthesubstrates. OnlythePMSF-treated wallisolated fromendosporulating spherules was significantly digested. Active, 36,000-Mr proteinase was isolated fromintact andviable, endosporulating spherules bybrief extraction ofthecells with1% octyl-P3-D-thioglucoside, a nonionic


Post-competition psychological recovery is important for the ice-snow athletes to develop and improve their psychological advantage,to advance the integrative development of competition and training. The article thinks that the characteristics of post-competition psychological recovery show as follows:negative change of fixed motion pattern,aclinic change of competitive motivation,positive or negative change of self-confidence,wider change of emotion. In order to develop and improve the athletes'psychological advantage and provide a theoretical support of ice-snow athletes having the scientific training,it puts forward some suggestions to have active recovery of motion cognizance structure,to enhance the self-confidence,to repair the competitive motivation,to control the atwitter emotion and to have the post-competition psychological recovery in time.


Research tells us that school climate makes a difference. But shaping a winning school climate demands more than awareness, warns this writer.


In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient optimal altitude for an aerial access point (AAP), which acts as a flying base station to serve a set of ground user equipment (UE). Since the ratio of total energy consumed by the aerial vehicle to the communication energy is very large, we include the aerial vehicle's energy consumption in the problem formulation. After considering the energy consumption model of the aerial vehicle, our objective is translated into a non-convex optimization problem of maximizing the global energy efficiency (GEE) of the aerial communication system, subject to altitude and minimum individual data rate constraints. At first, the non-convex fractional objective function is solved by using sequential convex programming (SCP) optimization technique. To compare the result of SCP with the global optimum of the problem, we reformulate the initial problem as a monotonic fractional optimization problem (MFP) and solve it using the polyblock outer approximation (PA) algorithm. Numerical results show that the candidate solution obtained from SCP is the same as the global optimum found using the monotonic fractional programming technique. Furthermore, the impact of the aerial vehicle's energy consumption on the optimal altitude determination is also studied.


In the present paper it will be pointed out with panel data that inflation worsens income distribution, but not in a linear way. More specifically, at lower inflation levels as inflation goes up, then income distribution worsens more rapidly than in the case of higher inflation levels (hyperinflation). The sample covers annually most western European countries for the period 1995 - 2006. The contribution of the present paper is that at any level of inflation northern-western European countries have a better income distribution than in the case of the whole sample average. Panel data analysis is made feasible by means of Eviews software package.


This paper presents a three dimensional (3D) wideband two-cluster channel model for massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. In the model, we introduce multiple confocal semi-ellipsoid models to depict the distribution of clusters in roadside environments; therefore, the statistical properties for different propagation delays can be derived and investigated. Furthermore, we adopt the birth-death process to simulate the dynamic characteristics of clusters on both the array and time axes, which efficiently characterize the non-stationarity of massive MIMO communication systems. Some comparisons of the spatial cross-correlation functions (CCFs) of propagation links via the two-cluster model with and without the cluster evolution for different taps are made. In addition, we study the temporal auto-correlation functions (ACFs) of the propagation links with respect to the different moving time of the mobile transmitter (MT) and mobile receiver (MR). Simulation results of the statistical channel characteristics nicely match those of the theoretical results, which demonstrate that our model is suitable for describing real massive MIMO V2V communication environments.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and subsequently validate a Maqasid al-Shari'ah-based performance evaluation model for Islamic banks.

Design/methodology/approach
Initially, a comprehensive review of the existing and relevant literature is carried out and a prototype evaluation model has been developed. This has been augmented and refined through in-depth interviews of Shari'ah scholars and banking experts. Afterwards, the modified model has been validated by taking inputs from academics and Islamic banking practitioners through a focus group discussion.

Findings
The major outcome of the present work is a Maqasid al-Shari'ah-based performance evaluation model for Islamic banks. At the inception of the work, the Maqasid frameworks of Imam al-Ghazali and Abu Zahrah were combined. The combined model incorporates various dimensions, elements and the corresponding measures of three components, namely, justice, education and maslahah.

Research limitations/implications
Not being able to test the model statistically or empirically can be considered as a limitation.

Practical implications
The comprehensive theoretical framework of the developed model addresses all aspects of human well-being. Thus, if implemented the model will ensure welfare for all the stakeholders. It will also encourage the regulators to introduce new reporting standards which will be more reflective of Maqasid al-Shari'ah.

Social implications
Fulfilling Maqasid will create a positive brand image for Islamic banks, which will attract more customers both Muslims and non-Muslims. Thus, this will create a wider scope for earning more revenues.

Originality/value
There has been concern that Islamic banks are converging towards conventional banking systems and the same performance measure instrument is being used to evaluate the performance of both Islamic and conventional banks. The present work has developed a Maqasid al-Shari'ah-based performance evaluation model for Islamic banks.


Cloud Computing is a technology which can take distributed and high performance computing to the next level. The concept of distributed virtualization enables cloud service providers to ensure better service availability along with optimal utilization of resources. Users, on the other hand get benefited in terms of cost reduction, less maintenance overheads, rapid provision and release of resources with minimal service provider interaction. However, lack of transparency and security procedures in place is reducing the maximal usage of cloud services. These issues can be better addressed by facilitating digital forensics in cloud which involves lot of challenges. The main concern is lack of trust in cloud. Any security mechanism may get violated at some point of time and this can lead to the reputation loss for the cloud service provider (CSP). The CSP then has to rebuild the trust by effective incident management. One of the challenges in incident handling (IH) is detecting the incidents in a timely manner and identifying the intruder. In this paper, we are proposing a framework for the same.


Abstract The effects of seven gamma radiation dosages from 5 to 100 krad on all metamorphic stages of the spider beetle, Gibbium psylloides (Czenpinski), were studied. Five kilorads prevented development of adults from treated eggs and larvae. Some adults emerged from the pupal cocoon at all treatment levels except 50 and 100 krad, but their longevity was greatly reduced. Adults were fairly resistant to sterilizing effects of the radiation. Twenty kilokrads was not completely sterilizing to either males or females, but fecundity was greatly reduced. The longevity of treated adults was significantly reduced, but some survived for 20 weeks after a 20-krad exposure. Adults and pupae of this species were more radiation resistant than were most other stored-product Coleoptera.


IN THE United States and other advanced countries most of the growth in agricultural output in recent decades has not come from additional inputs of the conventional types. Is this kind of development also characteristic of poor countries? This study, like my study of Mexico,2 was undertaken to determine the extent to which the very substantial increases in agricultural production in Brazil, a relatively poor country, have come from the use of additional land, labor, and capital. The results, like those for Mexico, strongly support the inference that developments in agricultural production in Brazil in this respect are not unlike those in the United States. In Brazil only about half the additional output of agriculture since 1925-29 is explained by additional inputs of the conventional types. Brazil's economy has a large agricultural base and an inefficient transportation system. The income of the masses is very low. Marketing practices are backward, credit for agricultural purposes is poorly organized, and agricultural production methods are certainly not modern. Labor in agriculture is aided by very little capital equipment, and the practice of monoculture and the general misuse of soil have had a marked degenerative influence on land resources. The landto-man resource ratio, previously large, has become smaller during the last few decades. These are matters of no small concern to those interested in the future of the Brazilian economy. Even so, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) reports that, while Brazil's population was 41 per cent greater in the 1945-49 period than in 1925-29, its over-all real income was 70 per cent greater.3 What role has agriculture played in the improvement of per capita income? Research centers, demonstration farms, conservation activities, and other efforts have been undertaken by the Brazilian government to increase the efficiency of agricultural production. The Basic Economy Corporation has developed some suitable hybrid corn; it also has given some attention to insect control, better hog production, ways to clear productive land with machinery, and improvements of storage and marketing services. Have efforts like these by public and private concerns to improve productive efficiency in agriculture been successful? If so, how much more output is now being produced from a given quantity of inputs than was produced a quarter of a century ago? To give a meaningful answer to these questions one must determine what part of the increase in agricultural production in Brazil can be explained (1) by the use of additional quantities of resources and (2) by other developments, including the use of more productive techniques.


The As an embodiment of one of Tridharma University, which is community service, School of Economic of Indonesia (STIESIA) Surabaya assigned both lectures and Students to assist as companion in making portofolio of Kampung Pendidikan – Kampunge Arek Suroboyo or commonly abbreviated as KP-KAS at RW 01 Kelurahan Gubeng, Kecamatan Gubeng Surabaya. This companion aimed to guide, search and collect existed potency of kampung in order to be able to arrange portofolio of KP-KAS which was represented by RT 9 and RT 10 for Pratama category. While programs and mechanism of the category were conssist of Kampung Belajar, Kampung Sehat, Kampung Asuh, Kampung Aman and Kampung Kreatif. More over the result of the companion concluded team of RT 9 and RT 10 RW 01 Kelurahan Gubeng, Kecamatan Gubeng Surabaya had succeeded in exploring their potencial and advantages and successfully compiled the 2019 KP-KAS Portfolio Report which was submitted to Dinas Pengendalian Penduduk, Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak or DP5A on time


Twenty-eight para-substituted and eleven ortho-substituted 1, 3-diarylureas were prepared.Their proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were measured to evaluate the acidity of the ureido protons in the para-substituted ureas, and to estimate the conformations of ortho-substituted molecules. The chemical shifts and acidities of two ureido protons were additively controlled by the two para-substituents in the 1, 3-diarylureas. The sixteen para-substitued diarylureas were nitrosated with gaseous nitrosating reagents (dinitrogen trioxide, dinitrogen tetroxide or nitroxyl chloride) to give unstable isomeric mixtures of 1, 3-diaryl-1-nitrosoureas [R1-C6H4-N(NO)-CO-NH-C6H4-R2] and 1, 3-diaryl-3-nitrosoureas [R1-C6H4-NH-CO-N(NO)-C6H4-R2]. The isomer ratio of each nitrosated urea was correlated with the difference between the chemical shifts (d[NH]) of the two ureido protons in the 1H-NMR spectrum of the starting urea. When d[NH] was below 0.25 ppm (with NOCl) or 0.45 ppm (with N2O3), good linearity was obtained (r(NOCl)=0.943, n=11; r(N2O3)=0.869, n=15). When d[NH] was over 0.25 ppm (NOCl) or 0.45 ppm (N2O3), the 1-nitrosated isomer [R1-C6H4-N(NO)-CO-NH-C6H4-R2] was the sole product. These principles ould not be extended to dinitrogen tetroxide.Thirteen para-substituted diarylureas gave 1- or 3-nitrosated ureido derivatives as sole products and only four gave nitrosated isomeric mixtures.The 1H-NMR spectra of 5 types of ortho-substituted 1, 3-diarylureas were measured for comformational analysis. Their conformations seem to be different from those of para-substituted diarylureas. Eleven ortho-substituted 1, 3-diarylureas were nitrosated with nitrosyl chloride and dinitrogen tetroxide. In many cases, the nitroso group was predominantly introduced at the ureido nitrogen, which is less hindered sterically, and isomeric mixtures of 1- and 3-nitrosated ureas were obtained.