This I say then. Walk in the Spirit and you shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh. For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that you cannot do the things that you would. But if you be led of the Spirit you are not under the law. Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envyings, murders, drunkenness, revelings, and such like: of the which I tell you, as I have also told you in time past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the Kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance: against such there is no law. And


A group of microbiologists writing in Nature called for the FDA to change the rules on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and for regulators around the world to work out how to deal with the procedure. The technique has shown most promise for treating people infected with Clostridium difficile, a bacterium that colonizes people's gut when antibiotics have obliterated the other inhabitants, sometimes to fatal effect. The results of a clinical trial using FMT to treat people with recurring C. difficile infections, the first ever for any FMT treatment, were published last year. Fifteen out of 16 people given transplants were cured of their infections, compared with 4 of 13 patients receiving standard antibiotics. Here, Hamzelou asks why people are doing FMT at home.


Primary sources: editions and translations C. White, Early Christian Latin Poets (Routledge, pbk £14.99), provides an overview of both major and lesser poetical authors, and translations of some thirty works or parts of works. Rhetoric and cultural life in Antioch form the subject of nine orations of Libanius conveniently translated in A.F. Norman, Antioch as a Centre of Hellenic Culture as observed by Libanius (Liverpool U.P., pbk £9.95). A.D. Lee, Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity: a sourcebook (Routledge, pbk £15.99), and R. Valantasis (ed.), Religions of Late Antiquity in Practice (Princeton U.P., pbk £15.95) are both useful sourcebooks for a wide range of Christian sects and other religions, while T. Head (ed.), Medieval Hagiography: an anthology (Routledge, pbk £25) is a massive collection of translated saints' lives and related literature, of which about a quarter relate to the period before 900: each is provided with a short introduction, explanatory notes and bibliography. E. Emerton, The Letters of St Boniface (Columbia U.P., pbk £19.99) is a re-issue of a translation of a selection of letters, with a new introduction by T.F.X. Noble. F.R. Trombley and J.W. Watt, The Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite (Liverpool U.P., pbk £9.95) is a translation of the earliest extant work of Syriac historiography, valuable for its account of life in Edessa c . 500. Despite its title, the text translated in M. Whitby, The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Scholasticus (Liverpool U.P., pbk £12.95) contains much concerning secular affairs, particularly for the late sixth century. J. Thurn (ed.), Ioannis Malalae Chronographia (de Gruyter, $ 268), is a critical edition of another sixth-century chronicle. Turning to the west, A.C. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: a reader (Broadview, pbk £14.95) is a convenient sourcebook for Gaul from the fourth century to the reign of Clovis. The famous slate documents of the Visigothic era are freshly edited in I. Velazquez-Soriano, Documentos de época visigoda escritos en pizarra (siglos VI–VIII) (Brepols, 2 vols, $ 495), and the early documents relating to Abingdon Abbey in S.E. Kelly, Anglo-Saxon Charters, VII and VIII: Charters of Abingdon Abbey (OUP, 2 vols, £55 each).


By aggregating Component Carriers (CCs) to enlarge the transmission bandwidth, Carrier Aggregation (CA) greatly improves the peak data rate for Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-Advanced) system. However, more than one carrier scheduling in a system results in the problem of load imbalance among carriers. This paper presents a UE-grouping based load balancing (UGLB) scheme for CC scheduling in which both the load and channel quality conditions of CC are taken into account and different condition settings are provided to different UE groups. The proposed scheme not only properly balances the load among CCs but also achieves high throughput. Through simulation the performance of UGLB scheme is verified.


Cadmium is a potent carcinogen.Interaction of cadmium with DNA was studied in order to understanding the mechanism of cadmium-induced carcinogenicity.The results showed that Cd~(2+)could react with plasmid DNA and caused DNA damage.The results also indicated that the treatments of CdCl_2 at concentration of 2.5 μg/ml for 12 h or at concentration of 20 μg/ml for 1 h caused a significant increase in the intensity of the oc DNA band as compared with the observed in the untreated pCPP9,while the treatment of CdCl_2 at above 40 μg/ml for 12 h caused damage to pUC119.The damage to plasmid DNA enhanced with the increasing of treatment concentrations and the exposure time prolonged.


The (110) textured ZnO films with c-axes lying in R-sapphire substrate planes are deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The focusing investigation is the effect of substrate position in the sputtering on structural and acoustic properties of the ZnO films on the sapphire. The crystallographic characteristics of the films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. It is found that the crystalline orientation of the ZnO film varies with the substrate position deflected from the center of the target. The XRD spectra of the films show that there is an optimized substrate position, at which the strongest (110) peak of the ZnO film can be obtained. However, with the decrease or further increase of the deflection, the (110) diffraction intensity decreases and additional diffraction peaks of (002), (102) and (103) emerge. In order to investigate the variations of acoustic properties of these films, the ZnO piezoelectric films are deposited on R-sapphire substrates with different deflection positions, ...


Birth asphyxia leading to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is one of the commonest cause of mortality and neuro-morbidity in infants in India. Acute perinatal insult to the brain is not a single event, it is an evolving process of cell death.1 In the immediate period following insult primary energy failure(first 6 hrs after birth) occurs where there is depletion of oxidative metabolites leading to neuronal cell injury and toxic oedema. A large number of neurons die but many survive only to enter into the process of re-deterioration after a latent period.2 This period during which secondary energy failure occurs is more severe and prolonged causing . ABSTRACT


SIR,-In their recent interesting paper Watts and Frank' reported a case of secondary localised amyloid of the cornea, due to chronic irritation from a scarred lid. Referring to Yanoff and Fine,2 they stated that primary localised amyloidosis is found in the form of small red nodules in the conjunctiva and lids and as lattice corneal dystrophy. It is worth pointing out that primary localised corneal amyloid deposits can also occur in polymorphic amyloid degeneration,3 gelatinous drop-like dystrophy,4 and primary familial amyloidosis of the cornea' (though this condition is probably an occidental description of gelatinous drop-like dystrophy, first described in the Japanese literature). In this department a 61-year-old man recently underwent penetrating keratoplasty in the left eye for corneal scarring and central thinning which progressively occurred over the previous 13 years. Over this time his visual acuity in the affected eye diminished from 6/18 to 1/60. This was presumed to be due to longstanding and recently quiescent herpes simplex keratitis. His visual acuity and cornea of the right eye are normal, he has no family history of eye disease, and he has no evidence of systemic disorder. Histological examination showed a dense central subepi chelial deposition of amyloid, which stained positively with Congo red and gave an apple green birefringence with polarised light. The pattern of distribution was reported as being morphologically similar to gelatinous drop-like dystrophy, though such a diagnosis is unlikely because this autosomal recessive condition is bilateral, the initial changes tend to occur in the first decade of life, and early on in the disease changes similar to band keratopathy occur.6 Whether this is a case of secondary localised corneal amyloid secondary to long-standing herpes simplex or primary localised corneal disease of unknown aetiology remains to be elucidated, though it has suggested that such changes can be age related.' JOHN A BELL Department ofOphthalmology, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE46BE


The article provides a scientific analysis of the establishment of farms in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the years of independence, the reforms implemented by the government in the first and second stages of its development and their results on the basis of literature and archival sources.
КEY WORDS: Collective farm, state farm, farm, rent, land, budget, hectare, entrepreneurship, national economy, professional college.


The paper presents an analysis of the vibration damping properties of three-layer-connected biaxial weft knitted fabric (TBWK), which are constituted of carbon fibers as inserted yarns and polyester yarns as knitted yarns impregnated in an epoxy matrix with resin transfer molding (RTM) technique. Damping parameters were investigated using beam test specimens and an impulse technique. Several vibration parameters were varied to characterize the damping behavior in different amplitudes, natural frequencies and vibration modes. The results obtained show that the damping ratio of TBWK composites decreases with the increasing of fiber volume fraction in all the three vibration modes. The vibration test also indicates that the natural frequency of the TBWK composites increases with the increasing of fiber volume fraction (Vf) in all the three modes.


It is common in the analysis of social network data to assume a census of the networked population of interest. Often the observations are subject to partial observation due to a known sampling or unknown missing data mechanism. However, most social network analysis ignores the problem of missing data by including only actors with complete observations. We address the modelling of networks with missing data, developing previous ideas in missing data, network modelling and network sampling. We use several methods including the mean value parameterization to show the quantitative and substantive differences between naive and principled modelling approaches. We also develop goodness‐of‐fit techniques to understand model fit better. The ideas are motivated by an analysis of a friendship network from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.


Studies of cerebral arteriovenous glutamine differences were carried out on 18 acute schizophrenics during special periods fixed by clinical parameters and dependent on medication. No differences were found in the acute phase without medication, but an increasing cerebral glutamine release was estimated under treatment with phenothiazine and/or butyrophenone derivatives during the first period of convalescence. This release disappeared again nearly parallel to the retrogression of clinical symptoms, although the medication was carried on. Control persons treated in the same way did not show the cerebral glutamine release. The temporary release in schizophrenia attributed to an increased cerebral synthesis must be connected to an elevated ammonia formation. For an interpretation a valuation of possible turnover rates from the quantitative findings in this paper was coupled with connecting results from the literature. In this way a hypothesis was developed about disturbances in the ATP turnover and in the aminohydrolysis of AMP as ammonia source for the increased glutamine formation in schizophrenia.


Sorafenib and transarterial 90Y‐radioembolization (TARE) are possible treatments for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) intermediate‐advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). No study directly comparing sorafenib and TARE is currently available. This single‐centre retrospective study compares the outcomes achieved with sorafenib and TARE in HCC patients potentially amenable to either therapy.


Based on the explanation of teachers' tacit knowledge and its connotation, through the questionnaire survey,the university teachers in the perspective of knowledge acquisition way and effect of tacit knowledge management of university teachers attitude,title,seniority, atmosphere,system and other factors are analyzed.Finally,some suggestions for teachers' tacit knowledge management.


For those who enjoy tracing literary relationships there is a very attractive problem in regard to the possible indebtedness of Swinburne's The Garden of Proserpine to Delavigne's Les Limbes. Swinburne's poem has long been a favorite, for its subtle cadences have elusive, indefinable melody, and the picture of the dim beauty of Proserpine's realm is a masterpiece of descriptive art. However one may regard the philosophy of languid surrender to extinction, one cannot fail to recognize Swinburne's power in depicting a pallid world where all things are wan, bloomless, and indeterminate.


For the TRIUMF KAON Factory a 450 MeV Accumulator ring is required to match the cw 100 ¿A beam from the isochronous cyclotron to the first acceleration stage, a 50 Hz 3 GeV Booster Synchrotron. H- ions would be charge exchange injected into the Accumulator through a 250 ¿ g cm-2 carbon foil. Approximately 2 A of protons would be accumulated over the 20 ms Booster period and transferred to the Booster in one turn. The first protons injected circulate for about 2×104 turns before extraction. If a substantial fraction of the circulating protons traverse the foil each turn, both the lifetime of the foil and the amount of beam lost would be unacceptable. The proposed acceptances of the Accumulator are 100 ¿ ¿m horizontally, 30 ¿ ¿m vertically and 7.6×10-2 eV-s longitudinally. These are much larger than the TRIUMF emittances of 2 ¿ mmmrad in each transverse plane and 10-3 eV-s longitudinally. It is shown that with simultaneous stacking in the transverse and longitudinal acceptances it is possible to reduce the number of foil traversals per proton to an acceptable number ~ 100.


This article describes the concept of the automated highway system with cables embedded in the roadway which automatically control vehicles and prevent accidents. The article's intended audience is the general public and the text is not technical.


Thousands of Chinese with lofty ideals have been searching for roads that lead to revival since the Opium War in the 1840s. As a result, a multitude of ideas has emerged in attempts to change the traditional character of the subjects and enhance the nation's strength. A necessary condition in the process of China's modernization is civil modernity, which relies on civic education. Given the experience of modernization domestically and abroad, it might be a failure or even a tragedy if we simply introduced advanced science and technology from developed countries and then adopt the methods of industrial management and government administration without achieving civil modernization. In 1835, Tocqueville said that The Constitution of the United States resembles those fine creations of human industry that ensure wealth and renown to their inventors, but which are profitless in other hands. The Mexicans took the Federal Constitution of the United States as their model and copied it almost entirely, yet it did not make Mexico successful or powerful. In contrast, Japan successfully recovered from its ruins after World War II, not only because of science, technology, and an advanced management and political system, but also because of a modern civic education system, which helped achieve nationwide modernization.


The trophic activity of soil mesofauna, especially earthworms (the Lumbricidae family), is a key element in increasing the fertility of agroecosystems. Thee food strategies that earthworms use as part of the trophic networks in soil, and especially their food preferences, are still unknown. Much is known about what is the food substrate of earthworms, but the food preferences of individual species, as well as the possibilities and dynamics of food processing are not fully understood. The aim of the experiment was to observe the amount and dynamics of food uptake by the earthworms of the species Lumbricus terrestris L., which is a common species of soil Oligochaeta in agricultural areas, as well as to propose a new decomposition rate measuring the strength of the earthworm population and its contribution to the mechanism of processing plant organic matter.


INTRODUCTION The main goal of the educational system in the United States has been to improve student performance that will produce high school graduates who are able to compete in the global workforce (Sargent, 2017). Unfortunately, America students are behind their European and Asian counterparts in both science and mathematics (National Science Board, 2018; USDOE, 2016). The result from this lack of American performance has produced a huge movement in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) pipeline, from kindergarten through college, aimed at educating students by enhancing their essential academic skills while encouraging students to pursue STEM majors in college that will lead to STEM careers after college (Eddy and Brownell, 2016; Kelly, 2016). According to Richardson (2017), approximately 75% of the fastest-growing occupations require a postsecondary degree with STEM-related careers leading the field. One of the main challenges facing United States companies will be a lack of qualified STEM workers necessary to replace the positions of retiring STEM workers (Berg, 2018).


This paper presents an urban analyses of two Late Bronze Age cities of the Eastern Mediterranean, Enkomi, Cyprus and Ugarit, Syria, by using both traditional archaeological methods as well as new technology. In this case, Depth Map, computer software based on Space Syntax theory, is used to improve understanding of the city's properties and, specifically, the criteria for the placement of buildings and the city's internal circulation patterns. Furthermore we attempt to compare past archaeological results of urban nature with the results of the software analysis and ultimately answer the question of whether social structure can be represented by spatial uses and how.


Atmospheric pressure microplasma jet sources driven by radio-frequency wave of 13.56MHz and by low frequency continuous wave of several kHz ac were fabricated and characterized. The source consists of an ac-driven copper wire (needle) surrounded by dielectric layer that are placed in a glass tube, and a ground plane electrode (pin-to-plane electrode configuration). The basic physical and chemical properties of the plasma jet sources, such as optical emission spectrum, gas temperature, and power deposition were investigated. With various geometrical and operational parameters changed, plasma jets showed different discharge characteristics. The geometrical parameters include the length of the pin wire exposed to the plasma, the distance between the pin to the outlet of the glass tube, and the distance between the pin and the plane electrode. The operational parameters include the applied voltage (amplitude and frequency) and the gas flow rate. As an example of biomedical application of the microplasma jets, the bacterial inactivation experiment was performed. Plasma power (or applied voltage), treatment time, and needle-to-sample distance were varied and the bacterial inactivation effects of these parameters were observed.


The extensive applications of cerium (Ce) increased the chance of human exposure to Ce and its compounds. It was reported that Ce was mainly deposited in the bone after administration. However, the potential effect and mechanism of Ce on bone metabolism are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the cellular effects of Ce on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the associated molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that Ce promoted the osteogenic differentiation and inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs at cell level. Genes involved in transforming growth factor‐β/bone morphogenetic proteins (TGF‐β/BMP) signaling pathway were significantly changed when the MSCs were exposed to 0.0001 µM Ce by RT2Profiler™ PCR Array analysis. The expression of genes and proteins related to pathways, osteogenic, and adipogenic biomarkers of MSCs upon interaction with Ce was further confirmed by quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) and Western blot analysis. The results suggest that Ce exerts the effects by interacting with bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) and activates TGF‐β/BMP signaling pathway, leads to the up‐regulation of the osteogenic master transcription factor, runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2), and the down‐regulation of the adipocytic master transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2). Runx2, which subsequently up‐regulates osteoblast (OB) marker genes collagen I (Col I) and BMP2 at early stages, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN) at later stages of differentiation, thus driving MSCs to differentiate into OBs. The results provide novel evidence to elucidate the mechanisms of bone metabolism by Ce. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1105–1114, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Aimed at the problem of sea-sky-line detection in complicated sea-sky background image,a novel method,based on phase grouping and gray statistics,was presented.Firstly,a lot of line segments were obtained by using phase grouping method on edge image.Secondly,the line segments were classified according to two parameters,the slope angle and the distance to image origin.Several classes which have the largest sum of length of the line segments were selected,and edge points in each selected class were used to fit a straight line,thus several candidate sea-sky-lines could be gained.Finally,the correct sea-sky-line could be elected through comparing statistical gray values of the regions which correspond to the same horizontal pixel coordinates and take the points on the candidate sea-sky-lines as center points.Many experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the sea-sky-line under complicated sea-sky background effectively and has strong robustness.


There is currently an acute lack of scholarly engagement with Buddhism and youth. based on ground-breaking empirical research, Understanding Young Buddhists: Living out Ethical Journeys explores the stories of young Buddhists, through a rich analysis of their lived experiences. Page and Yip explore their journeying into Buddhism, their Buddhist belief and practice, their management of sexuality, and their social positioning in relation to family and kin, friendship networks, youth culture, and occupational aspirations. Using lived religion as a theoretical lens, and bringing into dialogue research on Buddhism and on youth studies, Understanding Young Buddhists convincingly demonstrates the resourcefulness and creativity of young Buddhists in developing ethics for life, as they negotiate the diverse challenges and opportunities in their life journeys.


1Institut für Kernphysik, Univ. Frankfurt;2GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmsta dt, Germany; 3Physikalisches Institut, Univ. Heidelberg ; 4Fachhochschule Köln The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD)[1] of the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) provides electron identification and tracking in the central barrel as well as fast triggering (6 μs). The frontend electronics (FEE) consisting of 75000 multichip modules has a total power consumption of less than 65 kW by keeping the digital electronics in a low power mode after processing each event. A fast wakeup signal for the FEE is needed to capture the TRD drift signals over the full time range and to ensure a low data processing latency. This pretrigger signal has to be generated within 400 ns after an interaction, more than 1 μs ahead of the ALICE Level0 (L0) trigger. It is based on the signals from the fast ALICE subdetectors TOF, V0 and T0, or alternatively derived from the LHC bunch counter (BC). The pretrigger system[2] consists of a number of specific hardware components (see Fig.1) which are mounted inside the L3 magnet close to the respective detectors to minimize signal propagation delays. For the TOF detector, a single field programmable gate array(FPGA), the TLMU, evaluates 576 digital bits from the entire barrel region and provides trigger signals for configurable multiplicity con ditions or geometrical correlations.


The results of this study indicate that simultaneously online customer review (X1) and online customer rating (X2) have a significant effect on purchasing decisions (Y) at Tokopedia. Partially, online customer review (X1) has no effect on purchasing decisions (Y), while online customer rating (X2) has a partial effect on purchasing decisions (Y). The results of this study indicate that simultaneously online customer review (X1) and online customer rating (X2) have a significant effect on purchasing decisions (Y) at Tokopedia. Partially, online customer review (X1) has no effect on purchasing decisions (Y), while online customer rating (X2) has a partial effect on purchasing decisions (Y).

Keywords: [Online Customer Review, Online Customer Rating and Purchase Decision]


Character-based sequence labeling framework is flexible and efficient for Chinese word segmentation (CWS). Recently, many character-based neural models have been applied to CWS. While they obtain good performance, they have two obvious weaknesses. The first is that they heavily rely on manually designed bigram feature, i.e. they are not good at capturing n-gram features automatically. The second is that they make no use of full word information. For the first weakness, we propose a convolutional neural model, which is able to capture rich n-gram features without any feature engineering. For the second one, we propose an effective approach to integrate the proposed model with word embeddings. We evaluate the model on two benchmark datasets: PKU and MSR. Without any feature engineering, the model obtains competitive performance — 95.7% on PKU and 97.3% on MSR. Armed with word embeddings, the model achieves state-of-the-art performance on both datasets — 96.5% on PKU and 98.0% on MSR, without using any external labeled resource.


Photograph of a man in the first Dallas fire dispatch office with a telephone pressed to his ear, sitting at a table covered with electrical equipment.


A portable hand held hidden substance detector has been developed and manufactured. Neutrons from a californium-252 source are emitted through the front face of the Compact Integrated Narcotics Detection Instrument (CINDI) and penetrate dense compartment materials with little change in energy, but are backscattered by hydrogen rich materials such as drugs. These backscattered neutrons can be readily detected. CINDI incorporates a highly sensitive detection scheme which permits the use of weak radioactive sources for safety without compromising detectability. CINDI is able to detect hydrogen-dense materials most effectively directly behind panels made of steel, wood, fiberglass, or even lead-lined materials. This makes it useful for inspecting marine vessels, ship bulkheads, automobiles, structure walls, or small sealed containers. The present CINDI version selectively detects hydrogen rich substances only. The new technique will detect both neutrons and gamma rays simultaneously. The backscatter mechanism of gamma rays and neutrons are sufficiently different that they complement each other and lead to a higher likelihood of identifying the concealed material.


High-quality TiN films were successfully deposited on silicon and stainless-steel substrates at low temperature using an improved filtered cathode arc plasma technique developed in our lab. Atomic force microscope, x-ray diffractometer, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a nanoindenter were employed to characterize the TiN thin films. The microhardness of the TiN films have a high value up to 41GPa, which is far higher than that of TiN compounds deposited by conventional chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition methods (20Gpa or so). The films are of a stronger preferred crystalline orientation, very smooth surface, and high reflectivity. The effects of the negative substrate bias on the preferred crystalline orientation, surface roughness, deposition rate, and microhardness of Tin thin films are discussed in detail.


Studying the surface settlement caused by foundation pit dewatering has certain practical significance for engineering construction. When the aquifer in the foundation pit is located within a large burial depth range, the impermeable wall does not completely separate the water layer, resulting in water inside and outside the foundation pit communicating around the bottom of the impermeable wall. Taking the foundation pit project of a subway station in Shenzhen as the background, model experiments were conducted to reveal the changes in water level outside the pit caused by precipitation under different conditions inside the pit. (1) Considering the influence of surrounding seepage, the precipitation curve outside the pit presents a concave and then convex form, which is different from the Dupuit theory precipitation curve. (2) For large foundation pit dewatering in layered soil, the downward trend of the dewatering curve outside the foundation pit decreases with the increase of soil depth. (3) Compared to vertical reinjection in close proximity to dense buildings, inclined reinjection has a smaller impact on the side adjacent to the retaining wall, while it is far away from the retaining wall, with a larger impact range. The full well deep reinjection well with an angle of 20° from the vertical direction has the largest reinjection range and the best reinjection effect. It provides a research basis for reasonable control and prevention of surface settlement and adverse deformation of diaphragm walls in narrow spaces under subsequent surrounding seepage conditions.


This paper mainly discussed the hydrotalcite as an excellent solid base catalyst used in fluoroelastomers.Study on the best combination of hydrotalcite /calcium oxide in order to eliminate bubbles of fluoroelastmer vulcanizates.Water re-sistance was also studied.


The reaction of CO(a) and O(a) on Pd(110) was studied with LEED and angle‐resolved thermal desorption. Heating the coadlayer produces five peaks in the CO2 formation in the range of 160 to 460 K. The angular distribution of each is different. The distribution becomes sharper as the density of the coadlayer is increased, and it shows the dependence on the crystal azimuth. The correlation between the anisotropic angular distribution and the structure around the reaction site is discussed.


Considered over the spectrum of possibilities, computer science research funding worldwide appears to be in overall good health, with appropriations either holding steady or increasing slightly. However, while certain nations are emphasizing more research and providing new funds to encourage scientists to follow their inspiration, others, including the US and the European Union, are entering new funding rounds with what researchers say are insufficient resources to assure a steady pipeline of innovation in the future.


The application of blood flow restriction (BFR) during resistance exercise is increasingly recognized for its ability to improve rehabilitation and as an effective method for increasing muscular hypertrophy and strength amongst healthy populations. However, direct comparison of the skeletal muscle adaptations to low-load resistance exercise (LL-RE) and low-load blood flow restriction resistance exercise (LL-BFR) performed to task-failure are lacking. Using a within-subject design, we examined whole-muscle group and skeletal muscle adaptations to 6-weeks of LL-RE and LL-BFR training to repetition failure. Both types of training had similar muscle strength and size outcomes despite ~33% lower total exercise volume (load x repetition) with LL-BFR (LL-RE: 28,544±1,771kg vs. LL-BFR: 18,949±1,541kg, p=0.004). Following training, only LL-BFR improved the average power output throughout the midportion of a voluntary muscular endurance task. Specifically, LL-BFR training sustained an 18% greater power output from baseline and had a greater change from baseline compared to LL-RE (19±3 W vs. 3±4 W, p=0.008). This improvement occurred despite histological analysis revealing similar increases in capillary content of type I muscle fibers following LL-RE and LL-BFR training, which was primarily driven by increased capillary contacts (Pre: 4.53±0.23 vs. LL-RE: 5.33±0.27 and LL-BFR: 5.17±0.25, both p<0.05). Moreover, maximally-supported mitochondrial respiratory capacity increased only in the LL-RE leg by 30% from baseline (p=0.006). Overall, low-load resistance training increased indices of muscle oxidative capacity and strength, which were not further augmented with the application of BFR. However, performance on a muscular endurance test was improved following BFR training.


1. Biswas S, Munier FL, Yardley J et al. Missense mutations in COL8A2, the gene encoding the a2 chain of type VIII collagen, cause two forms of corneal endothelial dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10: 2415–23. 2. Gottsch JD, Zhang C, Sundin OH, Bell WR, Stark WJ, Green WR. Fuchs corneal dystrophy: aberrant collagen distribution in an L450W mutant of the COL8A2 gene. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 4504–11. 3. Burdon KP, Durkin SR, Burke M et al. A novel genetic syndrome characterized by pediatric cataract, dysmorphism, ectodermal features, and developmental delay in an indigenous Australian family. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A: 633–9. 4. Hemadevi B, Srinivasan M, Arunkumar J, Prajna N, Sundaresan P. Genetic analysis of patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy in India. BMC Ophthalmol 2010; 10: 3. doi: 10.1186/1471-2415-10-3. 5. Boutboul S, Vetu C, Abitbol M, Menasche M, Borderie V, Laroche L. No pathogenic mutations identified in the COL8A2 gene in french families of Fuch's corneal dystrophy and CHED. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ARVO meeting abstract 2009; 50 E-Abstract 2304.


The most embarrassing question you can ask a sociologist is, "what is sociology?" No doubt all specialists find it hard to explain their subject to outsiders. No specialist finds it easy to simplify new developments without making them seem obvious or trivial, to translate technical language without losing sight of conceptual interconnections, to convey the excitement of current debates and discoveries. The problem is even more acute for the sociologist, however, since the very question, 'what is sociology ?' is the most important one that we discuss and the one that divides us the most. This is nothing new. Two of the traditional 'founding fathers', Max Weber and Emile Durkheim, represent very different answers. Durkheim stands for positivism, 'treating social facts as things', the radical separation of the social from the individual level of analysis, the use of the analogy between society and a biological organism with an attendant stress on the functional interpretation of parts and on social pathology. In contrast, Weber has left a heritage emphasising the need to focus on the individual subject and on collective action, to understand the world view of social actors in order to explain social patterns (bureaucratisation as an effect of an increasingly rational outlook, for instance), to understand social action in terms of conflict and competition in pursuit of ideal as well as material interests.


Since 1997, incoming students to the School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Manchester have been required to sit diagnostic tests in English, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology and Physics. The tests have several purposes: (a) to help assign students to appropriate foundation courses, (b) to identify any areas of group or individual weakness, and (c) to determine any movement in the A-level syllabuses and standards as they affect Pharmacy students. We now show that the tests can be used to identify students at risk of failure during the MPharm course. Serious risk factors include failure to attend the tests, scores of below 90% by home students in the English test, and scores of below 60% in the Chemistry test. The year-to-year mean scores in the tests are essentially constant, although the mean A-level scores of the intake have risen. The extensive validation of the diagnostic tests by incoming students now additionally allows us to use the tests to inform the admissions process, where students' entry qualifications are otherwise difficult to assess.


This work reports on the dielectric strength of oxide layers formed by thermal oxidation of silicon carbide (SiC). SiC epilayers grown homoepitaxially on the silicon face of 6H‐SiC and 4H‐SiC substrates were oxidized in dry or wet ambient at 1100 °C. The dielectric strength was investigated using metal–oxide‐semiconductor capacitors and was found to be tightly bound to 10 MV/cm for oxide thicknesses around 65 nm and independent of the SiC polytype and substrate doping. Considering the current‐voltage characteristics in the prebreakdown region, dry oxides exhibit superior quality. Fowler–Nordheim tunneling was identified as the limiting current mechanism in the dry oxides. The corresponding barrier heights between the two SiC polytypes and thermal silicon dioxide were determined.


The article considers methodical approach to creation of role structure of enterprise activities. In contrast to functional approach contemplating the representation of the process of realization of operational activities as coordinated sequence of implementation of certain functions, this approach considers roles fulfilled by executors within implementation of operational activities as elements of the structure of operational activities. Capabilities for extension of qualitative characteristics of role execution by executors provides additional adequacy in assessment of the quality of operational activities. The article overviews basic aspect of creation of role structure of enterprise operational activities.


In this paper the author tries to delimit the concept and meaning of «Ciceronanism» in the field of Renaissance Latin. Ciceronianism is the most rigorous expression of the Renaissance mind, i.e. the programme, which qualified for writing latin correctly, was based on the imitation of the best user of the latin language: Cicero (or his contemporaries, for lack of ciceronian examples). On the other hand, the peculiar characteristics of ciceronianism coincide with those of Renaissance Latin and consistently they can be found in any humanist, including Erasmus.


The validity of Neilson model is assessment,based on the data produced by meteorology term,Monitor Station,Shanghai Petrochemical Co.Ltd.(SPC) in 2004 and the composition of plant community in Jinsan region,as well the climate diagram constructed by the date to compare the climate diagrams of terrestrial vegetation geography distribution regions all over the world.The result shows that the outcome based on Neilson model is conformable to the one of natural vegetation on Big Jinsan Island surveyed by Shanghai Natural Musium exports in the recent years;the contrast result between the climate diagram in Jinshan region and the classic one about terrestrial vegetation is conformable as well as Neilson model.This demonstrates that Neilson model is suitable to the type of the natural terrestrial vegetation in Jinsan region.Its practical significant is that the meteorological data can trace the change of the natural terrestrial vegetation in Jinsan region,consequently,which will show the influence of global climate warming on the natural terrestrial vegetation in Jinsan region.


No substantive progress has been achieved in the Doha Round of WTO negotiations since its launch in 2001.At the root of this deadlock in multilateral trading talks is the power imbalance inherent in US hegemony decline.Using Susan Strange's structural power theory,the analysis finds several important changes that have affected the transformation of American structural power and WTO's Doha Round.更多还原


This paper completely answers the question of when contact $(r)$–surgery on a Legendrian knot in the standard contact structure on $S^3$ yields a symplectically fillable contact manifold for $r\in (0,1]$. We also give obstructions for other positive $r$ and investigate Lagrangian fillings of Legendrian knots.


Dissociative electron-attachment cross-section measurements for the production of H/sup -/ and Cl/sup -/ from HCl have been performed with use of a crossed target-beam--electron-beam collision geometry and a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The relative-flow technique is employed to determine the absolute values of cross sections. The attachment energies corresponding to various cross-section maxima are 7.1 +- 0.1 eV and 9.05 +- 0.1 eV for H/sup -//HCl; 0.85 +- 0.02 eV for Cl/sup -//HCl. The cross sections at these maxima are 2.07 x 10/sup -18/ cm/sup 2/ and 0.93 x 10/sup -18/ cm/sup 2/ for H/sup -//HCl; 26.59 x 10/sup -18/ cm/sup 2/ for Cl/sup -//HCl, respectively.


The leaching behavior of calcium aluminate slag from blast furnace under microwave radiation heating was investigated. Discusses the influences of microwave radiation power, the concentration of leaching solution Na_2O_C and the ratio of liquid to solid on the slag leaching reaction, and compares them with those under traditional heating. The result indicated that the alumina leaching rate and temperature of reaction system both increase with microwave power, and the temperature of reaction system is not constant before it reaches the boiling point of leaching solution. Comparing the microwave radiation heating with traditional heating, it is found that the leaching rate of alumina from slag is much faster if heated by microwave radiation and, if the leaching rate is kept the same, the mass concentration of Na_2O_C solution can be reduced with shortened time under microwave radiation heating.


AbstractThis paper was developed from a presentation made at the FDA/Industry Workshop held at Sandoz Research Institute, East Hanover, New Jersey on November 20, 1986.


ABSTRACT Objective: Explore in depth the experiences of women giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods: Qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological. A total of 16 participants did not suffer from COVID-19 and gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in the community setting area. Results: There are five themes: 1: Feelings of anxiety and fear of giving birth in hospitals are experienced by women giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2. Screening for COVID and health protocols applied in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, 3. Support from husbands, families, and health workers is needed when giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic, 4. Lack of family visits hours is an obstacle during childbirth, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 5: Bonding attachment between mother and baby while at the hospital. Conclusion: Optimal maternity nursing care and supporting health facilities and public policies will help mothers give birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.


Objective: To compare levothyroxine alone and in combination with iodine on thyroid nodule volume reduction.
Methods:
          Design:           Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
          Setting:           Tertiary Government Hospital
          Participants: Nineteen (19) euthyroid patients age 19-54 with at least 1 cytologically benign thyroid nodule were randomized to receive either levothyroxine + iodine or levothyroxine + placebo, taken once a day for 6 months with ultrasound and thyroid stimulating hormone monitoring on the 3rd and 6th month of intervention.
Results: Main outcome measures included thyroid nodule volume reduction after six months of intervention. The mean change in volume from baseline to six months of levothyroxine + iodine group showed no statistically significant difference in nodule volume across time between  levothyroxine + placebo group, -0.010 ± 1.250 (CI -0.521 - 0.501) versus 0.507 ± 1.128 (CI 0.025 - 0.990), p=.158.  There were also new nodules (4 nodules) in the placebo group and none in the iodine group. No major adverse events were noted during the study.
Conclusion: The two groups did not significantly differ in terms of nodule volume reduction.
Keywords: thyroid nodule, prevention and control; drug therapy; iodine compounds, therapeutic use; levothyroxine, therapeutic use


how they are evolving to accommodate the cultural needs of an increasingly ethnically and racially diverse population. Multicultural Cities contains a wealth of useful information, as well as useful policy recommendations. Not only does the author achieve his primary objectives and clearly answer the main research questions guiding the book's 11 chapters, but he does so in a remarkable way, delivering an innovative comparison of three of the most multicultural cities in the world. This will not only be of interest to academics and nonacademics interested in understanding the role and impact of multicultural cities today, but it was of profound interest to me because of my own research into the formation and evolution of Portuguese ethnic enclaves in Canada's three most important ports of entry (Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal) to immigrants in Canada.


A study was carried out on student volunteers in two centres to examine the effects of climate on the normal state of hydration (urinary osmolality). The response of urinary osmolality to fluid restriction, as practised prior to intravenous urography, and the additional response to anti-diuretic hormone were also examined.

The study failed to show a statistically significant difference between effects of the two climates. However, it was found that antidiuretic hormone significantly increased urinary osmolality when values were low prior to hormone administration.


Address for correspondence: Akshay Mishra, M.B, B.S, M.D. The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, Qeeenslad 4032, Australia, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com A 41-year-old woman was admitted to the general medical department of a district general hospital with intermittent history of left sided chest pains for the past several weeks. She described the chest pain as a heaviness which was constricting in nature but without radiation or diaphoresis. The pain did not seem to be related to exertion and occurred at rest on occasion. The pains were also self limiting but on the day of admission they lasted longer and required sub-lingual nitrates to relieve the pain. She was an ex-smoker but otherwise denied all other risk factors for coronary artery disease. She did however admit to intravenous drug abuse and had previously abused heroin till about a year ago. She had a medical history of a previous donor nephrectomy and chronic back pain. Physical examination was unremarkable and she was haemodynamically stable. Her admission ECG showed a biphasic T wave pattern in leads V1 and V2 (Figure 1). This was non-dynamic and persisted throughout her pain-free hospital stay. Her troponin I was 0.04 μ/l (normal range <0.03). She was subsequently referred to us for coronary angiography. Her angiogram revealed normal coronary arteries (Figure 2) with normal left ventricular function. On further questioning, the patient admitted to ongoing intravenous drug use with MS Contin, which she had been prescribed in the recent weeks for her back pain. Elektrokardiogram miesiąca/Electrocardiogram of the month


An algebraic tomographic imaging technique for diffraction tomograph is discussed that was designed to meet the needs of geophysical tomographic imaging, particularly as applied to monitoring enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Because geophysical tomographic data are typically gathered in 2-D or 3-D format and are multicomponent in nature and the dimensionality of the data set can be high, the data are usually first processed to obtain a variety of tomograms from which complementary information about the medium can be interpreted. In particular, acoustic velocity changes in heavy oil reservoirs that are being thermally stimulated can be associated with the movement of the thermal front through the reservoir. Additional information can be derived from good data, yielding the elastic moduli of the reservoir rock. Changes in elastic moduli are also associated with certain types of EOR processes including in situ combustion, for example, and represent a change in the character of the medium as a result of the process. Examples of tomograms reconstructed from data taken in hydrocarbon reservoirs are presented. >


Fulfillment by the lungs of their bellows function depends largely on their resiliency and elasticity. Unless the lungs can readily comply with the changes in the thoracic cage during inspiration and expiration, ventilation will be seriously impaired. Pulmonary compliance is expressed as the ratio of lung volume in liters to intraesophageal pressure in centimeters of water. The present study is concerned with the role of pulmonary vascular engorgement in reducing compliance in normal subjects and in patients with mitral stenosis.


Abstract A new genus of sciurid, Hesperopetes, contains three species: H. thoringtoni (type species), H. jamesi, and H. blacki. H. thoringtoni is from the early Chadronian (late Eocene) White River Formation of central Wyoming and represents the earliest recognized species of sciurid. The other species are from the latest Whitneyan or earliest Arikareean (late Oligocene) Blue Ash local fauna of South Dakota. Hesperopetes is closest in dental morphology to Oligopetes Heissig, which is known only from the early Oligocene of Europe. Hesperopetes may also represent the earliest occurrence of a lineage leading to pteromyine sciurids ("flying" squirrels). It is impossible at this time to construct a phylogeny of North American "flying" squirrels due to their scarcity in the fossil record and their undetermined relationships with Old World taxa.


The two-laser entrance hole (LEHs) spherical hohlraum energetic experiments with all 48 laser beams and two laser pulse shapes at the 100 kJ level laser facility were investigated. In this work, the time-resolved radiation temperature measured by multi-angle x-ray diodes agreed well with LARED simulations, and the peak radiation temperature was up to 260 eV with the laser power of 45 TW. Meanwhile, the backscattered laser energy fraction was less than 5% in the majority of shots, which proposed a low level of laser–plasma interaction (LPI) effect in the spherical hohlraum. However, in the shaped pulse shots with capsules, the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of smaller incident angle lasers was significantly increased to 15%. The measured SRS spectrum and LARED simulations showed that the increase in the LPI effects caused by the ablated CH plasma was around 0.1Nc (Nc is the critical density). In summary, according to the experimental results, the x-ray conversion efficiency of the vacuum spherical hohlraum was 85%–88% in 3 ns square pulses and 89%–93% in 3.6 ns shaped pulses. It was closer to that of the two-LEH cylindrical hohlraum at the Shen-Guang and NIF facilities.


The extraction of scintillation light from a crystal with high efficiency and low time jitter is vital for realizing much-needed gains in the performance of numerous radiation detection and imaging instruments that are vital components in medical imaging, industrial, and homeland security applications for the detection, localization, and energy classification of X-rays,  $\gamma $ -rays, or neutrons. Nanostructures such as photonic crystals (PhCs) maximize extraction of usable scintillation light that is otherwise lost when a high refractive index (RI) scintillator is coupled to a photodetector with low RI window. The PhC gradually changes the RI between the scintillator and photodetector, thereby substantially improving the light extraction efficiency, as well as the energy resolution (ER) and timing resolution. Here, we report on improvements in the light extraction and ER of inorganic scintillators using PhCs nanoimprinted in high RI polymers. Details of the design, fabrication, and characterization of the PhCs, the high RI polymers, and their impact on scintillator performance are presented here.


This article explores the experiences of recent returnees from Thailand to Southeast Myanmar and the complicated landscape of their future-making. In looking at the arduous journeys of Burmese migrants both in Myanmar and Thailand, I discuss how economic and political developments in reform-era Myanmar have informed Burmese migrants' idea of return migration. Seeking a better life through coming home, they have encountered factors of friction and traction that either support or impede their plans. Accordingly, I argue that the return of these Burmese workers has become frictional mobility rather than a straightforward return. Ethnic politics and land boom in the region have intensified social inequality and conflicts that eventually make the organization of return more complex. The situation allows migrants to settle in their home country, postpone the return, and continue shuttling at the border while using the pattern of movement as a livelihood.


In this paper, we study experimentally the information aggregation process in a market as a function of the access to different sources of information, namely an imperfect, public and costless signal into a market where the participants have access to costly and imperfect private information. Our results show that the release of public information provokes a crowding out effect on the traders' information demand while it keeps constant market informativeness, but significantly reduces price informativeness. Traders overrely on public information, which has a significant negative impact on the overall market performance. We detect the emergence of the overrelying phenomenon, despite the absence of an explicit incentive to the subjects to coordinate, demonstrating, therefore, that the adverse effects of releasing public information in a financial market are more relevant than generally assumed, based on the results of previous experiments inspired by simple coordination models. Our results pose new questions when a regulatory institution has to decide the appropriate level of transparency of its communication strategy.


The paper stresses the importance of vegetation in the function of environmental protection. Special overview of the current legal framework in Republic of Serbia regarding planning of the green areas is included. Two separate examples of the current practice, The Master Plan of Vrnjacka Banja and The Plan of Detailed Regulation of the central zone of Vrsac, presents the planning solutions covering the segment of green areas in the function of environmental protection. One of the main conclusion of the paper stresses the necessity of promoting the functions of the vegetation and the system of green areas in the function of protection and improvement of the environmental conditions, with continual legal, institutional and financial support, recognized as main conditions of the efficient management.


Military aircraft combat effectiveness analysis plays an important role in the aircraft design and its combat operations. In this paper, the development circumstance of research on military aircraft combat effectiveness analysis is summed up, the definition and basic methods of military aircraft combat effectiveness analysis are discussed. Moreover, the model system of military aircraft combat effectiveness analysis is established, and the further efforts are also put forward.


This study aimed to describe the role of the Simeulue community in maintaining local wisdom through marital customs. In the community to preserve the existing local wisdom, it is necessary to take the role of the community so that the existing local wisdom is always preserved and always maintained. There is a group of people who live together. In this case, no matter how many people live together. There are at least two people. Together life lasted for quite a long time. The phrase "long enough" is not a measure of numbers. Rather, it wants to show that the life together is not incidental and spontaneous, but is done for the long term. There is awareness among community members that they are a common life. Thus, there is solidarity between citizens and human groups. The human group is a life together. That is, they have a shared culture that makes group members bound to one another. Local wisdom is part of the culture of a society that cannot be separated from the language of the community itself. Local wisdom is usually passed down from generation to generation through word of mouth. Customs are cultural behavior and rules that have been tried to be applied in the community. Customs are a characteristic of an area that is inherent long ago in the people who did it. Marriage is a spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household) based on the Godhead of the Almighty.


Echinochloa colona, Cyperus difformis, Eelipta alba and Marsilea quadrifolia were the major weed species in the irrigated low land rice fields. Continuous submergence followed by irrigating one day, after disappearance of ponded water resultec in lesser growth and development of weeds. Butachlor (1.25 kg/ha) followed by one hand weeding at 25 d.a.t. and hand weeeding twice at 25 and 45 d.a.t. effectively controlled the weeds resulting in higher grain yield over unweeded check. Azolla dual cropping as found to suppress the weed growth and check N removal by weeds and increase the grain yield over uninoculated plots.


The region of computer vision is arising continuously to provide better interaction among humans and machines. One of the most exciting things in modern times is the Autonomous vehicle in which no intervention from a human is required to drive a car. For this, various factors need to be considered such as object detection, collision detection, vehicle/-pedestrian movement predictions, road bend prediction. For object detection, we have multiple architectures like Fast R-CNN, YOLO, SSD. Many research works is going on in the field of user personalization in an autonomous vehicle. This review paper aims to summarize the methodologies and machine learning models applied in the design of the autonomous driving system. We first provide the overview of various methods and algorithms and then compare the performance of models based on the time taken by them to predict a single image. In this paper, for the movement prediction few deep learning models are discussed followed by research gaps in some of the papers and their potential solutions.


Diabetic nephropathy(DN) usually manifests as proteinuria and progressive decline in renal function. AngiotensinⅡreceptor blockers(ARBs) could reduce blood pressure and proteinuria as well as prolong or reverse renal dysfunction in a dose dependence.Such therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy varied.The present review overviewed the different efficacies of some commonly used ARBs.


Purpose: Recent evidence found probiotics have anti-Helicobacter pylori (HP) activities. We evaluated additive eff ects of (i) Saccharomyces boulardii combined with triple therapy and (ii) mucoprotective agents (artemisiae argyi) used in addition to probiotics with triple therapy for HP eradication. Methods: We recruited 991 HP infected patients and randomized them into one of the following groups: (A) PPI-based 7-day triple therapy, (B) the same triple therapy plus S. boulardii for 4 weeks, and (C) the same 7-day triple therapy plus S. boulardii and a mucoprotective agent for 4 weeks. All patients in the three groups were tested (13C-urea breath test) aft er 4 weeks from the completion of the therapy. Results: Using the intention-to-treat analysis, HP eradication rates for the groups A, B and C recorded 82.1% (271/330), 80.0% (264/330) and 71.6% (237/331), respectively (p=0.003). On per protocol basis, the eradication rates were 84.9% (271/319), 85.4% (264/309) and 80.0% (237/296), respectively (p=0.144). Th e frequency of side eff ects in group B (48/330) and C (30/330) were lower than in group A (63/331) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Th e results of our study suggest that supplementation of S. boulardii could be eff ective in increasing eradication rate and possibly reduce overall side eff ects. Additive eff ects of mucoprotective agents in addition to probiotics on triple therapy, however, could not be found.


Competitive dynamics has recently become very important issues which are concerned in the field of strategic management. However, most of the past researches focused on the competitive interactions in local markets, and only few researches discussed the cross-competition interactions among multinational corporations (MNCs). Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic interactions of multinational corporations, and make up for the inadequacy of past researches. This study explores competitive interaction among multinational corporations by using the perspectives of the resources, market, and cooperative relations of competitive dynamics. This research also uses the awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) perspective as the basis of argument to derive the hypothesis development. In this study, the background of research is container shipping industry, research period across two years, from 2007 to 2008. Data from the two years are divided into eight seasons to be analyzed. The establishment of database is using structured content method to study the data of interactive information among the top 20 companies of cargo in the world, and also the electronic version of SHIPPING DIGEST R.O.C. This study is the first research that classified, arranged and denominated the competitive actions of the container shipping industry. After classified the competitive actions, this study made a questionnaire to investigate the employees in the shipping container. According to the questionnaire scores, this study established the implement conditions of each action types to provide reference of setting the new strategy for the container shipping industry. Finally, this study selected the world's top 20 container shipping companies as a research sample. There are a total of 152 samples taken, and the hierarchical regression model is used for statistical analysis. This study extends the concept of competitive aggressiveness to explore the relationship between the degree of internationalization and multimarket contact on cross-border competitive aggressiveness, also use the strength of cooperative ties as a moderator to understand whether it will affect the relationship between multi-market contacts and cross-border competitive aggressiveness or not. Finally, this study illustrate the cross-border competitive aggressiveness of MNCs how to influence the performance of MNCs. The empirical results show that: (1) the greater the degree of internationalization of MNCs, the weaker cross-border competitive aggressiveness of MNCs; (2) the greater strength of cooperative ties, the more negative relationship between multimarket contact and cross-border competitive aggressiveness; (3) the greater cross-border competitive aggressiveness of MNCs, the better performance. In summary, this study emphasizes the interaction among MNCs, not only makes up for the inadequacy of the previous researches of competitive dynamics in the global competitive theory, but also provides more diversified research direction for the research MNCs in the future. In practice, it shows the direction to the companies when they are facing competition either interactions as well.


Analyzed the composition and the energy saving ways of the chiller plants system. Programmed the applicable chiller plant control energy saving management programs, based on the new method of cooling on demand and the graphic function blocks of American ALC Corporation.The chilled water supply temperature reset optimization program, the chiller operating numbers control pro-gram, the chillers'starting in proper order control program,the chillers management program and chilled pump frequency conversion control program are included. The feasibility and stability was tested and verified in the laboratory. The ideal effect was also achieved in the practical project.


Abstract Decay heat removal analyses for lead-bismuth–cooled natural-circulation reactors are described in this paper. A combined multidimensional plant dynamics code (MSG-COPD) has been developed to conduct the system analysis for the natural-circulation reactors. For the preliminary study, transient analysis has been performed for a 300-MW(thermal) lead-bismuth–cooled reactor designed by Argonne National Laboratory. In addition, decay heat removal characteristics of a 400-MW(electric) lead-bismuth-cooled natural-circulation reactor designed by the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) has been evaluated by using MSG-COPD. The primary reactor auxiliary cooling system (PRACS) is prepared for the JNC concept to get sufficient heat removal capacity. During 2000 s after the transient, the outlet temperature shows increasing tendency up to the maximum temperature of 430°C because the buoyancy force in a primary circulation path is temporarily reduced. However, the natural circulation is recovered by the PRACS system, and the outlet temperature decreases successfully.


To provide a reasonable basis of water resources allocation and development of Guanzhong region in Shanxi Province,it is urgent to analyze and forecast the future meteorological factors in Guanzhong region.And study of the temporal and spatial variation of the evapotranspiration is the key.Based on the data of 7 meteorological stations in nearly 50 years,the annual change and influence factors of the actual evapotranspiration in Guanzhong region are analyzed by using the Canada complementary relationship areal evapotranspiration model(CRAE model).The variation characteristics of annual areal evapotranspiration and meteorological factors are obtained.And the change trend of the influence climate factors is also gotten.


We demonstrate the equivalence of two classes of $D$-invariant polynomial subspaces introduced in [8] and [9], i.e., these two classes of subspaces are different representations of the breadth-one $D$-invariant subspace. Moreover, we solve the discrete approximation problem in ideal interpolation for the breadth-one $D$-invariant subspace. Namely, we find the points, such that the limiting space of the evaluation functionals at these points is the functional space induced by the given $D$-invariant subspace, as the evaluation points all coalesce at one point.


In a survey of 106 former heroin addicts now maintained on methadone at a methadone treatment center, it was found that approximately one third were clinically depressed and would fit the diagnostic category of a secondary depression.Since there were no distinguishing sociodemographic differences between the depressed and nondepressed methadone-maintained patients, they provide a suitable sample for studying the relationship of life events and depression status. While the level of life events reported by the methadone patients was high when compared to community normals or primary depressed patients, the depressed methadone patient reported significantly more life events than the nondepressed methadone patient. Analysis of different categories of events showed the events involving exits from the social field, arguments, or financial reverses distinguished the depressed from the nondepressed methadone patient. These are the same categories in which events were reported more frequently by nonaddict depressed patients in other studies. The results suggest the role of specific psychosocial stressors in the etiology of depressive illness.


The generalized assignment problem GAP determines the minimum cost assignment of n jobs to m agents such that each job is assigned to exactly one agent, subject to an agent's capacity. Existing solution algorithms have not solved problems with more than 100 decision variables. This paper designs an optimization algorithm for the GAP that effectively solves problems with up to 500 variables. Compared with existing procedures, this algorithm requires fewer enumeration nodes and shorter running times. Improved performance stems from: an enhanced Lagrangian dual ascent procedure that solves a Lagrangian dual at each enumeration node; adding a surrogate constraint to the Lagrangian relaxed model: and an elaborate branch-and-bound scheme. An empirical investigation of various problem structures, not considered in existing literature, is also presented.


Efficient and accurate interactive image segmentation have significant importance in many multimedia applications. For mobile touchscreen-based applications, efficiency is more crucial. Moreover, due to small screens of the mobile devices, error tolerance is also a crucial factor. In this paper, a method for interactive image segmentation, tailored for mobile touch screen devices, is proposed. As an interaction methodology, coloring is presented. An automatic stroke-error correction methodology to correct the inaccurate user interaction is also proposed. For the efficient computation of the solution, a novel dynamic and iterative graph-cut solution is formulated. Efficiency and error tolerance of the proposed method are tested by using various sample images. Subjective evaluation of the interactive segmentation algorithms for mobile-touch screen is also performed. Indeed, for the challenging examples, the superior performance of the proposed method is obtained by the experiments.


Purpose – This paper discusses the legislative process and necessity of China's Personal Information Protection Law, examines the main contents of China's Personal Information Protection Law, and studies its impact on Chinese and Korean enterprises. Thus, China's future data protection legal system can be better understood.
Design/Methodology/Approach – In October 2020, China convened the 13th National People's Congress to deliberate and promulgate the draft Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China 2020.
The draft privacy law is China's first specialized legislation on personal information protection, drawing global attention. Furthermore, president Xi Jinping made clear his commitment to protecting personal information by reiterating the need for "cyber security and personal information security for people" and "protecting their legitimate rights and interests in cyberspace" after the 2019 National Cyber Week. The Personal Information Protection Act of China was enacted on November 1, 2021, as personal information protection was also a real concern among the Chinese people in the highly information-oriented era.
Findings – China already has an independent and unified Personal Information Protection Act, which officially promulgates and enforces the Personal Information Protection Act this year following cybersecurity, cybersecurity, and criminal law provisions. Furthermore, in October 2020, China began a full-fledged legislative process by releasing a draft Personal Information Protection Act and collecting opinions.
Research Implications – China's Personal Information Protection Act is expected to play an important role for Chinese companies and Korean companies with subsidiaries in China due to offshore applications. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to pay attention to the revision and enforcement rules of the Personal Information Protection Act so that Chinese and Korean companies can respond quickly after it is promulgated and enforced. Therefore, this paper summarizes the background of China's Personal Information Protection Act and the main contents of the 2021 edition of the Personal Information Protection Act.


Recently, the MPEG-7 standard a multimedia content description standard is wide]y used for content based image/video retrieval systems. However, since the descriptors standardized in MPEG-7 are usually multidimensional and the problem called 'Curse of dimensionality', previously proposed indexing methods(for example, multidimensional indexing methods, dimensionality reduction methods, filtering methods, and so on) could not be used to effectively index the multimedia database represented in MPEG-7. This paper proposes an efficient multimedia data indexing mechanism reflecting the characteristics of MPEG-7 visual descriptors. In the proposed indexing mechanism, the descriptor is transformed into a histogram of some attributes. By representing the value of each bin as a binary number, the histogram itself that is a visual descriptor for the object in multimedia database could be represented as a bit string. Bit strings for all objects in multimedia database are collected to form an index file, bitmap index, in the proposed indexing mechanism. By XORing them with the descriptors for query object, the candidate solutions for similarity search could be computed easily and they are checked again with query object to precisely compute the similarity with exact metric such as Ll-norm. These indexing and searching mechanisms are efficient because the filtering process is performed by simple bit-operation and it reduces the search space dramatically. Upon experimental results with more than 100,000 real images, the proposed indexing and searching mechanisms are about IS times faster than the sequential searching with more than 90% accuracy.


Background: Mutations in multiple genes have been implicated in familial atrial fibrillation (AF), and recent report showed that loss-of-function mutations in SCN1B and SCN2B were associated with AF. Therefore, we examined a cohort of patients with lone AF for variants in the sodium channel β-subunit genes. Methods and Results: In 74 patients (54 men, mean age 56 years) with lone AF, we screened for variants in all exons of SCN1B, SCN2B, and SCN3B. Onset of AF was 46±12 years old. There were 19 with famlial AF and 45 with paroxysmal AF. We identified a novel variant in SCN1B (T189M) from 2 unrelated patients with paroxysmal AF; one is homozygous carrier and the other is heterozygous carrier. Electrophysiological study of the Na+ channels in HEK293 cells showed the maximum peak current density for SCN1B T189M coexpressed with SCN5A was significantly bigger than that for wild type SCN1B. The voltage dependences of activation and steady-state inactivation of SCN1B T189M were both negatively shifted. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that T189M variant in sodium channel β1 subunit gene may predispose patients without underlying heart disease to increased atrial excitability and AF, providing new insights into the molecular etiology involved in the pathogenesis of AF.


A transfer of live trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) roots including the surrounding forest floor was conducted to examine aspen's ability of vegetative regeneration to establish a boreal forest on a reclamation site. Forest floor was salvaged at two depths (15 cm and 40 cm) from a natural aspen stand and placed onto a reclamation site at those same depths. Root density, root characteristics, sucker density and height were assessed. Two controlled studies investigated the importance of root diameter and fine roots in relation to burial depth to the suckering success and root survival. Root fragments that produced emerged suckers were located in the upper 20 cm of the soil and mostly had diameters between 1 and 4 cm. Higher sucker densities, taller suckers and lower sucker mortality at the 40 cm treatment suggest that increased salvage depth (good mineral soil-root contact) is a prerequisite for successful suckering.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinical significance of silent and symptomatic myocardial ischemia detected by noninvasive testing in stable postcoronary patients.

DESIGN
Cohort study with a mean 23-month follow-up.

SETTING
Ambulatory outpatients after recent hospitalization for an acute coronary event.

PATIENTS
Nine hundred thirty-six patients (76% male; mean age, 58 years) who were clinically stable 1 to 6 months after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina.

INTERVENTIONS
Noninvasive testing involved rest, ambulatory, and exercise electrocardiograms and stress thallium-201 scintigraphy.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk (hazard ratio) of first recurrent primary events (cardiac death, nonfatal infarction, or unstable angina) or restricted events (cardiac death or nonfatal infarction) associated with ischemic noninvasive test results.

RESULTS
ST segment depression on the rest electrocardiogram was the only noninvasive test variable that identified a significantly increased risk (P = .05) for first recurrent primary events (hazard ratio; 95% confidence limits): rest electrocardiogram ST depression (1.5; 1.00, 2.25); ambulatory electrocardiogram ST depression (0.86; 0.49, 1.51); exercise electrocardiogram ST depression (1.13; 0.82, 1.56); and stress thallium-201 reversible defects (1.3; 0.96, 1.74). Test results were similar for first recurrent restricted events, and in patients with and without angina. Significantly increased risk (P < .05) was noted when exercise-induced ST depression occurred in patients who also had reduced exercise duration (hazard ratio, 3.4) or when reversible thallium-201 defects occurred in patients who also had increased lung uptake (hazard ratio, 2.8). Each high-risk subset made up less than 3% of the population and contained less than 6% of patients with first primary events.

CONCLUSION
Detection of silent or symptomatic myocardial ischemia by non-invasive testing in stable patients 1 to 6 months after an acute coronary event is not useful in identifying patients at increased risk for subsequent coronary events.


The manufacturing processing of resin film used in resin film infusion technology was briefly analyzed. Based on the measurement of viscosity-temperature relationship of resin systems, tensile sheer test was conducted to investigate the transition temperature range from cohesion failure to interface failure, and shear load-displacement behavior.The results showed that the transition of failure behavior from cohesion to mixture or interface was the key which dominated the relationships between shear strength and test temperature. The temperature lower limit for the resin film manufacturing was determined by results of tensile sheer test.


Abstract Two teenage girls with episodic neuropsychiatric symptoms, altered consciousness, collapse and seizures requiring intensive care admissions are presented. Both were euthyroid at presentation and had markedly elevated anti-thyroperoxidase antibody. Extensive neurometabolic tests and cranial imaging were normal. However, psychometric testing showed evidence of memory and cognitive difficulties. Both were diagnosed as Hashimoto encephalopathy and one improved after steroid treatment while the other was lost to follow-up after defaulting scheduled elective hospital admission for steroid therapy.


In this study is investigated an approach to the scholar evaluation problem by taking into account both social and scholar factors that affect the status of a research in a particular research area. We define the ideal global bibliometric indicator as a point of reference consisting of a set of factors such as the impact factor of the journal and the significant relation of the journal to the scientific area considered for the evaluation.


Background Hepatitis B continues to affect many people in Saudi Arabia, causing a huge burden on the healthcare system for treating patients and preventing spread of the disease. Because hepatitis B is not curable, transmission of infection can only be prevented by vaccinating those susceptible, paying special attention to children of positive mothers. Guidelines suggest that all infants born to positive mothers should receive both the hepatitis B vaccine and immune globulin within 12 hours of birth. In addition to the remaining two doses of the hepatitis vaccine, infants should also be tested for hepatitis B 3 to 6 months following the last dose of vaccine. The aim of this study was to identify if international guidelines were followed after delivery in hepatitis B-positive mothers at KAMC-Riyadh. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of pregnant mother's positive to hepatitis B who gave birth in KAMC-Riyadh during 2016–2017. Data regarding administration of vaccine and immune globulin, completion of vaccine series, and follow-up testing were extracted from the child's medical record. Results During the 2-year study period, a total of 105 hepatitis B-positive mothers gave birth, and all infants were administered the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine; however, only 55 children were documented to have completed the three-dose series of the vaccine. Only 101 infants were administered immune globulin after birth, and only two children were tested for the virus. Conclusion Infants born to hepatitis B-positive mothers do not receive special attention or follow-up. It is not known why four infants did not receive immune globulin; however, unclear documentation of the virus in the mother's file during pregnancy or delivery may be a reason. Many of these children did not receive their full vaccine series and almost all were not tested for the virus. These numbers demonstrate the need for a strategic plan for the management and follow-up of infants born to hepatitis B-positive mothers.


Looking for a geometric framework to study plectic Heegner points, we define a collection of abelian varieties - called plectic Jacobians - using the middle degree cohomology of quaternionic Shimura varieties (QSVs). The construction is inspired by the definition of Griffiths' intermediate Jacobians and rests on Nekovar-Scholl's notion of plectic Hodge structures. Moreover, we construct exotic Abel-Jacobi maps sending certain zero-cycles on QSVs to plectic Jacobians.


This empirical research on how teenagers' Influence their parents to purchase a computer-An empirical analysis is restricted to influence of teenagers on their parents. The research analysis has been carried out fewer than three headings in respect of purchase of a computer


An interdisciplinary research group from the University of Quebec and three trade unions have been working together in order to try and change the working conditions of women. This has led to research being carried out in the fields of human ergonomics, law, social welfare, biology and sociology and has resulted in some changes to the working conditions and improved scientific knowledge. The article describes the methods used in the ergonomic research and the partnership framework as a whole.


The invention discloses a preparation method of dimethyl sulfonyl azide, which comprises the following steps: heating a certain amount of a dimethylamine water solution, carrying out reaction by using two packing towers with quantitative hydrochloric acid spray to generate a dimethylamine hydrochloride solution; after the reaction is completed, distilling the dimethylamine hydrochloride solution to remove 50% of water, cooling to 30 DEG C, centrifugating, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the white non-caking dimethylamine hydrochloride crystal. The method is convenient to operate, has the advantages of simple procedure and high product purity, and therefore, has broad market space.


Maxwell's boundary conditions (MBCs) were long known insu ffi cient to determine the optical responses of spatially dispersive medium. Supplementing MBCs with additional boundary conditions (ABCs) has become a normal yet controversial practice. Here the problem of ABCs is solved by analyzing some subtle aspects of a physical surface. A generic theory is presented for handling the interaction of light with the surfaces of an arbitrary medium and applied to study the traditional problem of exciton polaritons. We show that ABCs can always be adjusted to fit the theory but they can by no means be construed as intrinsic surface characteristics, which are instead captured by a surface response function (SRF). Unlike any ABCs, a SRF describes essentially non-local boundary e ff ects. Methods for experimentally extracting the spatial profile of this function are proposed.


This paper propose a Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation (PSAM) channel estimation and compensation technique for rectangular M-QAM based on Cubic interpolation in order to determine the channel state information (CSI) over flat Rayleigh fading channels. The proposed Cubic channel estimator technique is based on sliding window approach and pilot symbol estimates adjustment in order to reduce its computational time complexity. The Cubic estimator is combined with the Koetter and Vardy (KV) Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder to test its performance. The simulation results show that the Cubic interpolation gives the same performance as the Linear, and Sinc interpolators over slow flat Rayleigh fading channel; however, it achieves significant performance improvement of +1.0dB in symbol error rate (SER) over fast flat Rayleigh fading channel.


In this study, the internal energy and the specific heat of the one- dimensional Ising model obtained in the frame of the generalized statistical thermodynamics by Andrade [Physica A175 (1991) 285], have been extended somewhat and compared with the internal energy and the specific heat which have been calculated in the standard statistical thermodynamics.


By means of simplified physical model of the thermoelectric generator's cooler and Fluent software,adopting the SIMPLE algorithm and k-e model,a 3D inner flow of the thermoelectric system cooler was simulated numerically.Comparing the heat performance among three different structures at different air velocities,we can conclude qualitatively that heat performance of the heat exhanger with fins is far better than that of the heat exchanger without fins and the new structure offers some potential for new device energy conservation applications.


This paper selects Qingcheng Mountain homestay as the research object, collects online reviews of the top 50 homestays ranked by Ctrip's popularity on the Internet through octopus collectors, and obtains 3008 valid samples through sorting. Using text analysis research methods, this paper uses ROST CM6 software tools to analyze high-frequency words and emotional images, and discusses consumers' experience and perception of Qingcheng Mountain homestay. The study found that consumers' perception of Qingcheng Mountain B&B mainly reflected in five aspects: geographical environment, B&B facilities, service quality, emotional evaluation, and willingness to stay again. They were most concerned about the health situation and infrastructure inside the B&B, as well as the service attitude of the B&B service providers. Therefore, operators of B&B in Qingchengshan should strengthen the health management of B&B, update the basic functional facilities of B&B, optimize the service quality, and further improve the accommodation experience of consumers.


Mask ventilation is the most basic step in airway management. There are certain situations where mask ventilation is difficult,1 but sometimes it may be really impossible as in this 30 year male patient with facial burns. He suffered from burns one and a half month back due to episode of seizure. Burns were present over face, neck, chest and shoulders. On examination, mouth opening was less than one cm. Teeth were loose. Neck movements were restricted. Left nares was only partially patent. Respiratory and cardiovascular systems were unremarkable. Relevant laboratory investigations were within normal limits. Mask ventilation was not feasible. So awake nasal fiberoptic intubation was planned.2,3 The procedure was explained to the patient and consent was taken for the same. He was given alprazolam 0.25 mg and ranitidine 150 mg at night and 2 h before surgery.


Immunohistochemistry biomarkers are currently being developed to target specific proteins found in cancer cells. The biomarker and putative tumor suppressor, OvCa1, has a function that is not well characterized. Due to lack of reagents, we developed monoclonal antibodies of OvCa1 to examine multiple human malignancies. Primary cancers with different histologic grades as well as with metastatic lesions were examined with the monoclonal antibodies. Ovarian cancer tissue samples from the IU Simon Cancer Center Tissue Bank were used for this study. The samples were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and processed into a paraffin block. The slides were microtomed, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the OvCa1 antibody was performed. Thirty-one low, medium, and high grade tumors as well as metastatic ovarian carcinomas were evaluated. All cases revealed a range of staining intensity with OvCa1. The results indicated that OvCa1 had the highest immunostaining in the high grade, Stage 3 to 4 ovarian carcinomas. Medium grade tumors had less OvCa1 expression, while the metastatic tumors had less staining than any of the other three grades. Immunostaining was observed primarily in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the tumor cells. In addition, we evaluated approximately 20 tumors from various different organs. These included prostate, breast, spleen, lung, colon, stomach, and kidney tumors, which were positive for immunostaining with the OvCa1 antibody. In summary, the results indicate that all histologic grades express the biomarker, OvCa1, and the staining intensity was highest in the high grade, Stage 3 and 4 tumors. Our preliminary studies demonstrate a further need to delineate OvCa1 as a potential biomarker, which could be used for early detection and diagnosis of ovarian cancer.


Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soils is a serious problem for crop production in the world. Zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) is a reactive material with reducing power capable of stabilizing toxic elements, including heavy metals and metalloids, in a solution. In the present study, we examined the effect of Fe(0) application on Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kirara 397) and spinach (Pinacia oleracea L.) plants growing in Cd-contaminated soils under paddy and upland conditions, respectively. The Fe(0) application significantly reduced the Cd concentration in seeds and leaves of rice, and that in shoots of spinach. The forms of Cd in soil were determined by sequential extraction. The potential availability of Cd forms in soils for plant root is: exchangeable > Fe-Mn oxides bound > organic matter bound > free-oxides occluded > residual. In Cd-contaminated paddy soils where rice was grown, the Fe(0) application increased the free oxides occluded Cd content, and decreased the exchangeable and iron-manganese oxides bound Cd content. In Cd-contaminated upland soils where spinach was grown, the Fe(0) application increased the iron-manganese oxides bound and free-oxides occluded Cd content, and decreased the exchangeable and organic matter bound Cd content. Thus, this study clearly showed that the application of Fe(0) is a promising approach for remediation of Cd-contaminated soils under both paddy and upland conditions.


The concentration of heavy metals in the surface sediment and core samples in the northern part of the Liaodong Bay were systematically analyzed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF),and the distribution pattern,environment quality and pollution history of heavy metals in surface sediments were studied in combination with 137Cs and 210Pb dating.Results show that the high values of As,Cd,Cu,Pb,Cr and Zn are distributed near the Huludao,and decrease off shore.Some stations in the Liaodong Bay were polluted by heavy metals,the sum of mild and severe pollution rate is 34.5%,with 65.5% remaining clean.Severely polluted stations are distributed around the Huludao water.The pollution of heavy metal in the Liaodong Bay appeared approximately in 1975,and reached a peak in 1997.Since then,it has been significantly decreasing.The pollution of heavy metals in the Liaodong Bay is obviously related to the coastal socio-economic development and a national environmental protection policy is required to ensure a safe and clean environment.


17049 Background: Genexol is a polymeric micelle loaded paclitaxel without Cremophor EL (CrEL). CrEL has been shown to cause hypersentivity reaction and neuropathy. To evaluate and efficacy, we conducted a phase II study of CrEL-free paclitaxel (genexol) and carboplatin in patients (pts) of advanced or metastatic NSCLC.

METHODS
Eligibility criteria included: stage IIIB or IV NSCLC without previous chemotherapy and radiotherapy; written informed consent; measurable lesion; age 18-75; ECOG PS 0-3; adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function; and no CNS disease. The patients received genexol 225 mg/m2 IV on day 1, followed by carboplatin AUC = 6 IV on day 1 every 3 weeks. Primary end points are response and toxicity. Response evaluations were performed after cycles 2, 4, and 6 of chemotherapy according to the RECIST criteria.

RESULTS
36 pts were enrolled between November 2002 and November 2005. Pts characteristics: median age 63 years (range 45-73), median ECOG PS 1 (range 0-3), 13 stage IIIB and 23 IV, 21 adenocarcinoma and 14 squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 large cell carcinoma. At present, 30 pts were evaluable for response and toxicity. Meidan number of treatment cycles was 4 (range 1-6). Seven pts needed dose reduction. Thirteen pts achieved partial response and 13 pts had stable disease. The response rate 43.3%. Grade (gr) 4 neutropenia occurred in 11 pts (36.7%). Gr 1/2 sensory neuropathy occurred in 13 pts (43.3%) and gr 3/4 sensory neuropathy occurred in 5 pts (50%) among 10 pts over 65 year old. Other toxicities included neutropenic fever in 9 pts (30%), gr 4 thrombocytopenia 3 patients (10%), gr 2 hepatic dysfunction 3%, and gr 3 fatigue 10%. Treatment related mortality was not occurred. Complete analysis will be presented.

CONCLUSIONS
In this trial, the combination of genexol and carboplatin showed a significant activity with acceptable and manageable toxicities as first line treatment for patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC and dose reduction needed in older patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


It is obviously advantageous for membrane biological reactor to treat municipal sewage over traditional active sludge process. Multi-species microbes in active sludge retained completely by submerged hollow fiber curtain-like micro-filtration membrane module with pore-size of 0^5 mm in an integrated pilot-scale membrane biological reactor self-designed. Meanwhile, the pilot plant comprised an anoxic zone to enable denitrification. In this experiment, two kinds of practical municipal sewage were continuously treated by using this membrane biological reactor in order to evaluate the properties of membrane module, such as the relationship between vacuum degree in membrane module and water flux of membrane, relationship between operational time and water flux of membrane and the way to prevent membrane pollution. Further, all sorts of water quality indexes for inlets and effluents, such as COD, turbidity, NH-3-N and apparent colourity were measured in time. And the experimental results showed that there were so excellent water qualities for outlet water as to meet the water-quality standards for urban miscellaneous consumption water. Moreover, the change of sludge concentrations (MLSS) was also monitored on every day. In conclusion, it is instructive for the designing and operational data to commercial applications in the future, which are obtained from this pilot-scale membrane biological reactor.


The leather tanning industry or tannery, mainly in the small and medium scale (SMEs), is not environmentally friendly. Limited capitals drive the SMEs-scale tanneries to dispose of liquid waste directly into water bodies without proper treatment. It might cause serious environmental problems due to the high content of COD, BOD, chromium, and dyes. Treatment of liquid waste using constructed wetlands has been widely used because it is efficient, cheap, and powerful. This review discusses the latest studies in the wastewater treatment of tanneries using phytoremediation techniques and constructed wetlands and their potential applications in the SMEs tanneries.


This article discusses the advantages of RARC versus open cystectomy, and outlines unanswered questions concerning the application of the robotic approach.


Background.  To compare the effectiveness of pelvic floor training (PFT) with the aid of a home biofeedback device to PFT alone for urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women after a 1‐year follow‐up.