1565 Background: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare subtype of T-cell lymphoma, developing in in the fluid or capsule surrounding breast implants, primarily or exclusively in those with textured surfaces. Several prior series have estimated the risk of BIA- ALCL at 1/6920 - 1/3800 women in retrospectively defined cohorts (from diagnosed cases within national or pathology databases), approximating the population at risk from sales records or other estimates (Sirinvasa 2017; Loch-Wilkinson 2017; de Boer 2018). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the population that underwent breast reconstruction by a single surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) from April 1993 to December 2017. Patients had long-term follow-up, and events related to implants were prospectively recorded. We identified all cases of BIA-ALCL by cross-checking data from internal clinical records, pathology records, and outside reports. Incidence rate per person-years and cumulative incidence when accounting for competing risk were calculated. 134 women who received smooth-surface implants were excluded from the analysis, since these implants have not been associated with BIA-ALCL. Results: From 1993 to 2017, 3546 patients underwent 6023 breast reconstructions using textured surface implants. All reconstructions were performed by a single surgeon (PGC) on patients enrolled in this study. To identify BIA-ALCL occurrence, clinical and pathological data were assessed from a prospective database. Median follow-up was 7 years (range, 3 days - 24.7 years). Eight women developed ALCL after a median exposure of 11.2 years (range, 8.3-15.8 years). Overall risk of BIA-ALCL in this cohort was 0.294 cases per 1000 person-years (1/443 women). Conclusions: This study, evaluating the risk of women with textured breast implants from a prospective database with long-term follow-up, demonstrated that the incidence rate of BIA-ALCL may be higher than previously reported. These results can help inform implant choice for women undergoing breast reconstruction.


Rabies is a potentially fatal viral infection that attacks central nervous system. Dogs are reservoir of rabies virus and dog-to-dog transmission occurs very rapidly. Presently exposure to rabid dogs is the cause of >99%of human rabies deaths world-wide (Smith and Siedel, 1993). Rabies is caused by a virus, which is a negative stranded RNA virus of Lyssavirus genus in the family Rhabdoviridae. Although conventional vaccines against rabies are available, these are not ideal for mass vaccination in developing countries like India. Out of five proteins encoded by rabies genome, glycoprotein is the only protein capable of inducing and reacting to virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) and for conferring protective immunity against lethal challenge with rabies virus. This has laid down the possibility of developing a subunit vaccine against rabies. DNA vaccines against rabies have been reported and found to be successful as pre-exposure and postexposure vaccination in mice (Perrin et al., 2000; Lodmell and Gwalt, 2001; Rai et al. 2002; Lodmell et al., 2002), dogs (Forg, et al., 1998), cats (Akbari et al., 1999) and non-human primates (Krieg, 2000).


Objective To observe the recent effect of aterial thrombolysis on acute cerebral infarction in the recent prognosis improvement via reperfusion of thrombosis related vessels.Methods 58 patents of vessel reperfusion by arterial thrombolysis were retrospectively analyzed from department of Neurology,Zhan Jian Central People's Hospital,Zhanjian province during September 2007 to September 2010.The vessel reperfusion was judged by Gonner criterion,and the situation of neurologic impairment between groups of vessel reperfusion was judged by NIHSS.The prognosis of neurologic function was evaluated by MRS.Results There were 38 cases of reperfusion(65.5%) and 20 cases of nonperfusion(34.5%) among 58 patients.The NIHSS scores in reperfusion group(19.00±3.54)was obviously lower than nonperfusion group(26.50±3.10)(0.05) after 1h therapy of thrombolysis.the NIHSS scores in reperfusion group(12.25±3.15) was lower then nonperfusion group [(19.12±3.35),p0.05] after 30 d therapy of thrombolysis.During therapy 1~30 d,the NIHSS scores in reperfusion group was lower than control group(p0.05).The good prognosis cases was 28(73%) in reperfusion group after 30 days,and 7 cases(35%) in nonperfusion group(p0.05).Conclusion Vessel reperfusion by arterial thrombolysis has very important effect on prognosis of acute stage in acute cerebral infarction patients.


This paper shows an in-vehicle radio communications using ultra-wideband (UWB) signals. Based on simulations results considering in-vehicle radio propagation characteristics (path gain and delay spread) obtained by measurement, turbo-coded 8-ary pulse position modulation (8PPM) is employed as transmission scheme. Experiment in an anechoic chamber has been conducted in order to demonstrate the transmission scheme with actual vehicles. It is confirmed that the obtained results in experiment agree with the simulation results.


This paper proposed an advanced round modification fault analysis (RMFA) at the theoretical level on AEGIS-128, which is one of seven finalists in CAESAR competition. First, we clarify our assumptions and simplifications on the attack model, focusing on the encryption security. Then, we emphasize the difficulty of applying vanilla RMFA to AEGIS-128 in the practical case. Finally we demonstrate our advanced fault analysis on AEGIS-128 using machine-solver based algebraic techniques. Our enhancement can be used to conquer the practical scenario which is difficult for vanilla RMFA. Simulation results show that when the fault is injected to the initialization phase and the number of rounds is reduced to one, two samples of injections can extract the whole 128 key bits within less than two hours. This work can also be extended to other versions such as AEGIS-256.


In this article, we present a test for testing uniformity. Based on the test, we provide a test for testing exponentiality. Empirical critical values for both the tests are computed. Both the tests are compared with the tests proposed by Noughabi and Arghami [H. Alizadeh Noughabi, and N.R. Arghami, Testing exponentiality using transformed data, J. Statist. Comput. Simul. 81 (4) (2011), pp. 511–516] using simulation experiments for a wide class of alternatives. The tests possess attractive power properties.


ABSTRACT To investigate the values and social norms underpinning celebrity culture, it is crucial to study everyday uses of celebrity culture. Yet, studies in this area have been limited thus far, especially in non-Western contexts. This exploratory study focuses on the ways how young and middle-aged adults in everyday life in urban China discuss and value media celebrities. The results show that respondents have a rather similar way of valuing celebrity: celebrities need to have strong work ethics and showcase social responsibility; only then do they 'earn' their right to be considered 'famous'. We conclude that these values are closely related to the current socio-cultural situation of China's social transformation and echo the value system promoted by the Chinese government.


Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a treatable cause of heart failure with a hereditary form that disproportionally affects patients of West African ancestry. The clinical management of ATTR-CA has dramatically changed in the past five years, with rapidly evolving diagnostic approaches and life-prolonging therapies. The TTR variant c.424G>A, p.V142I (aka V122I) is pathogenic and occurs in 3-4% of individuals of West African ancestry. Despite its high frequency, V142I ATTR-CA is often unrecognized due to variable clinical penetrance, limited knowledge, and lack of inexpensive non-invasive diagnostic tests. Currently unknown is which TTR V142I carriers will progress to heart failure and at what age. Here we studied the prevalence of TTR V142I among a random cohort of African-American patients enrolled in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT). Three of the 26 HFpEF patients (11.5%) studied carried the pathogenic TTR V142I variant. While we cannot conclude at this point that TTR V142I was the underlying cause of the clinical phenotype in these patients, our results suggest that rapid TTR V142I genotyping, in combination with heart imaging, could have immediate clinical utility for identifying under-/mis-diagnosed HFpEF patients.


An automated soil moisture based drip irrigation system has been developed and tested
on a tomato crop. The system employs a quantified irrigation controller (QIC) developed by the
University of Florida to interface soil moisture monitoring devices with an irrigation timer.
Prescheduled low volume high frequency events are either allowed or blocked if in-field soil moisture
status is below or above a set threshold set point respectively.
The field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2004/2005 in Miami-Dade County.
Soil moisture based irrigation treatments used capacitance soil moisture probes and tensiometers,
and time-based schedules used historical evapotraspiration and local farmer practices. Fertilizer was applied by fertigation and automatically injected using venturi injectors. Drainage lysimeters
were used to collect leachate from the root zone to quantify differences in nutrient leaching. Large
savings in applied water occurred for the soil moisture based treatments, without a reduction in total
marketable yield compared to the time-based treatments (up to 80%). The soil moisture based
treatments resulted in 30% reductions in both volume of leachate and phosphorous load leached for
the season, when compared to grower practices. No significant differences were found for the load
of nitrogen leached due to high variability within treatments. The soil moisture based system
provides a viable means to increase water use efficiency, and reduce nutrient leaching from the root
zone, which reduces operation costs and the potential for groundwater contamination. Further
testing is suggested to determine the reduction in nitrogen leaching.


Vegetable is a vital component of human diet that should be eaten all year round, but they are scarce during dry season in Anyigba community in Kogi State, Nigeria. Available dry season vegetables such as the leaves of Manihot esculentum , Piper guineese, Chromolena odorata, Solanum melanogaster and Voandzeia subteranea, are either not accepted as conventional vegetable or they are classified as non edible leaves from neighboring States. This study compared the nutrient content of these vegetables with that of Telfaria occidendalis. The result of the sensory evaluation carried out showed that T. occidendalis had sensory evaluation mean value of 6.28, which was statistically significantly different (P = 0.001) when compared with the mean value of S. melanogaster (5.64). The highest mean value from the sensory evaluation was recorded in C. odorata (6.44). However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean values of the sensory evaluation of Manihot esculentum, Piper guineese, Chromolena odorata and V. subteranea (6.02, 6.22, 6.44 and 6.10 mean values respectively) when compared with that of T. occidentalis (6.28). Manihot esculentum , C. odorata, P. guineese and V. subteranea were recommended as edible vegetables.


Infrared reflectance measurements were made with light polarized along the a and c axes of both superconducting and antiferromagnetic phases of electron doped ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1.85}{\mathrm{Ce}}_{0.15}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}.$ The results are compared to characteristic features of the electromagnetic response in hole doped cuprates. Within the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes the frequency dependent scattering rate, 1/\ensuremath{\tau}(\ensuremath{\omega}), is depressed below $\ensuremath{\sim}650 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1};$ this behavior is a hallmark of the pseudogap state. While in several hole doped compounds the energy scales associated with the pseudogap and superconducting states are quite close, we are able to show that in ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1.85}{\mathrm{Ce}}_{0.15}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ the two scales differ by more than one order of magnitude. Another feature of the in-plane charge response is a peak in the real part of the conductivity, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega}),$ at $50\char21{}110 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ which is in sharp contrast with the Drude-like response where ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is centered at \ensuremath{\omega}=0. This latter effect is similar to what is found in disordered hole doped cuprates and is discussed in the context of carrier localization. Examination of the c-axis conductivity gives evidence for an anomalously broad frequency range from which the interlayer superfluid is accumulated. Compelling evidence for the pseudogap state as well as other characteristics of the charge dynamics in ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1.85}{\mathrm{Ce}}_{0.15}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ signal global similarities of the cuprate phase diagram with respect to electron and hole doping.


The nano-SiO 2 ultrafine powder was prepared as raw materials of sodium silicate and ammonium chloride, and as a solvent of ethanol-water solution in this experiment by chemical precipitation.The basic performance of powder had been characterized by means of XRD 、TEM and SEM.The results indicated that the prepared the powder SiO 2 was spherical approximately,the average particle size is about 40 nanometer.


This study applies socio-cultural theories to explore how differences in essay writing experience and essay texts are constituted for a group of students identified as dyslexic. It is a qualitative study with eleven student writers, seven of whom are formally identified as dyslexic, from the schools of archaeology, history and philosophy in a pre-1992 UK university. Semi-structured interviews before, during and after writing a coursework essay revealed well-documented dyslexia-related difficulties, but also strong differences in how writing was experienced. The multiple and fluid dimensions that construct these differences suggest the importance of position within the context, previous and developing writing and learning experience and meta-affective, meta-linguistic and metacognitive awareness. Close analysis of how essays evolved and of samples of 'difficult' texts reveal the multiple ways that communication can be compromised. This suggests that much more nuanced descriptions are needed of essay writing in this group. Findings from the interview data and essay texts further suggest tensions between specialist and inclusive writing pedagogy for students identified as dyslexic.


Accurate detection and diagnosis of brain tumor is one the crucial task of medical image analysis. Brain tumor classification system aids the physician to make accurate diagnosis and to provide effective treatment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the gold standard imaging technique for brain tumor diagnosis. This paper proposes a method for brain tumor detection and classification using artificial neural network. The proposed method consists of four major processes such as preprocessing, region of interest segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Feed forward neural network is employed to classify the brain tumors. Classification performance of the proposed method is evaluated using 10-cross fold validation and compared with the previous methods. Empirical findings proved that the proposed method can efficiently classify the brain tumor with higher classification rate.


A highly stereoselective synthesis of chiral alpha-amino-beta-lactam through an ynamide-Kinugasa reaction is described. In addition, a mechanistic model is illustrated here to rationalize the observed diastereoselectivity, which depends on both the initial [3 + 2] cycloaddition step and the subsequent protonation for which both are highly selective.


The aim of this article is to understand the evolution of relations between the unions' field of action and the political parties' one. This question can be approached by the study of multiple engagements of militants. But this practice is currently in decline, and has to be completed by the analysis of the articulations betweens unions and political parties, particularly in their mutual conception of their field of action. The two main unions in France, CGT and CFDT, redefined recently in their discourses the limits of their field of action: their legitimacy to act in industrial relations is articulated to a new vision of this space as an autonomous one, unlinked from politics. On the otherwise, the two main political parties in France, PS and UMP, intervene more and more in unions' debates, assimilate essential elements of their proposals, and act as if they detent the "good model" of unionism. Theses discourses from political parties deprive unions of the autonomy they pretend give to them.


This paper attempts to apply the cognitive linguistic framework in explaining character formation in the oracle bone script, the oldest extant form of the Chinese script. The oracle bone script was used in Bronze Age China to write the Shang Chinese language for divinatory purposes. It is shown that together with the previously known mechanisms of icono-pictography and the rebus principle, cognitive mechanisms such as metonymy and synecdoche played a significant role in the character formation of the oracle bone script. Furthermore, it is argued that all the aforesaid mechanisms can be explained by means of the reference point construction.


ABSTRACT This study examined communication satisfaction and organisational commitment for professional staff at an American Master's institution using two quantitative surveys: Downs and Hazen's Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire and Meyer and Allen's TCM Employee Commitment Survey. One hundred and sixty-eight full-time and part-time staff participated in this single-institution survey. Descriptive statistics, correlations and linear regression analysis were used. This study resulted in three overarching conclusions. First, a relationship exists between organisational commitment and communication satisfaction in an American higher education context. Second, communication climate can predict normative organisational commitment. Third, participants in this study had a high level of affective commitment.


The aim of this paper is to first review power allocation solutions for wireless relay networks and show how channel state information (CSI) availability and system diversity are the dominant factors, as opposed to relaying protocols: i.e., amplify or decode and forward. We then introduce power allocation solutions for a cooperative network, where users act as relays for each other, and utilize powerful coding schemes. In the analysis, we compare cooperative solutions to the relaying solutions.


This paper exp lores maximu m as well as optimal matchings with a strong focus on algorith mic approaches to determining these matchings. It begins with some basic terminology and notions about matchings including Berge's Theorem, Hall's Theorem and the Konig-Egervary Theorem among others. Then an algorithm used for determining maximu m matchings in b ipartite graphs is discussed and examples of its execut ion are explored. Th is discussion is followed by an exploration of weighted graphs and optimal matchings including a statement and discussion of the Hungarian A lgorith m. The Marriage Algorith m is also discussed as are stable marriages and examp les of the execut ion of the Marriage A lgorith m are provided.


The study explored the relationship between interpersonal relations and job satisfaction of librarians in the university libraries in Southern Nigeria. The study employed the ex-post-facto survey design with a population of 841 respondents consisting of all the librarians in federal, state and private university libraries that are located in Southern part of Nigeria. The study employed total enumeration (purposive) sampling technique to select eight hundred and forty-one (841) respondents for the study. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Data were collected and analysed with descriptive statistics such as Mean and Standard Deviation (SD). The demographic data of the respondents were, however, analysed with frequency counts. One research question was answered and one research hypothesis tested in this study. Research questions 1 and hypothesis 1 were answered and tested using Pearson"s Product Moment Correlation. The study found that, significant relationship existed between interpersonal relations and job satisfaction of librarians in the university libraries in Southern Nigeria. It was also found that interpersonal relations influenced job satisfaction among librarians. The study recommended that in order to boost job satisfaction of librarians in the university libraries, administrators of university libraries should create enabling environment that will motivate job satisfaction. Library administrators should ensure that they facilitate the sponsorship of librarians. In addition, management of university libraries in Southern Nigeria should endeavour to send staff on courses on interpersonal relations and workshops order to emhance their job satisfaction.


Developmental venous anomaly (DVA, venous angioma) is the most often occurring cerebral vascular malformation. The bleeding potential is low, uniformly intraparenchimal, associated with coexisting cavernomas. We report a case of 39-years old male who presented with sudden intense headache during exertion. Brain computerized tomography demonstrated subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH) in basilar cisterns and IV ventricle. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an anomalous dilated infratentorial vein, presumably precentral vein, with a high signal intensity on T1 weighted mages. Magnetic resonance angiography showed diminished flow through its distal portion. On subsequent digital subtraction angiography this vein was demonstrated, narrowed and irregular in distal segment. A number of small veins were draining into it, with a characteristic "caput medusae" appearance. There was no evidence of aneurisms, arterio-venous malformations, dural fistulas or cavernous angiomas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of SAH caused by a thrombosed DVA, without parenchymal hemorrhage.


Studies represent that bacterial infection of the semen can have a direct role in spermatozoid parameters change and may result in men's infertility. In the present study 160 semens were examines for bacterial infection. 55(34.4%) were infected by different species of bacteria, but those infected only by 4 species were undertaken for further study.These bacteria were Streptococci pyogen, Entrococci, E.coli and Staphylococci. The percentage mean results of morphology for the above bacteria were 25.75, 51.04, 47.86, and 41.50 respectively, while for the sterile samples were 52.84; higher for all but significant for Strep. Pyogen when tested with 95% confidence. The mean grades A, B, C and D from semen infected by the above bacteroi were 28.65, 23.59, 14.86 and 42 percent whereas for the sterile sampleswere 28.51, 30.56, 20.30 and 20.57, respectively. It may be concluded that the bacteria causing genitaltract infection can defect the morphology and the motility of men's spermatozoa.


We study cylindrical tensegrity structures, such as triplex, quadruplex and higher order n-plexes. Most high order n-plexes possess novel conflgurations that have the same connectivity or number of nodes but difier in their overall geometric arrangement. We present a closed-form solution for all these cylindrical structures. Moreover, we enumerate, classify, and investigate their structural properties.


Abstract Essential oils obtained with hydro- and microwave distillation from various plant parts were investigated with respect to yields and chemical composition. Only 21 known compounds were identified which account for less than 40% of the oil. 1,8-cineole was the major constituent among those identified in the flowerheads.


Although some progress has been made, the belief that students with severe cognitive and multiple disabilities will not or cannot become self-determined remains a barrier for many such students. This article revisits topics that were identified in Wehmeyer (1998) as contributing to this problem, with a particular focus on definitional issues pertaining to self-determination and control. In light of this discussion, a modified definition of self-determination is proposed and the importance for moving in this direction is discussed.


This article provides a trauma reading of narrative suppression in Toni Morrison's  Beloved.  I argue that Sethe's infanticidal guilt, which lays at the heart of the text yet is never directly spoken about, acts as the novel's structuring metaphor. Drawing on the trauma rhetoric of Roger Luckhurst and Cathy Caruth as well as various Freudian literary criticism, I propose that Sethe's repression and elusive narrativization of Beloved's murder pertains to the process of memory augmentation in Freud's the 'Pleasure Principle'. When Sethe's recall, and by extension Morrison's textual structure, imitates the way in which the human psyche represses the pain of trauma with a pleasant re-fashioning of events, the adult Beloved's return signifies unconscious manifestation. I read Beloved as an imaged wish-fulfilment when Sethe accepts her reincarnation as saving the severe mother-daughter bond she longs after. However, as a transmutable manifestation of trauma; moving from a representation and projection of Sethe's augmented memory to the originally unexposed and disconcerting memory, Beloved's enigmatic characterization anticipates the harm incurred by undealt trauma. In close reading Sethe's refusal to look back; the competing narratives of the infanticide; and then the tempestuous breakdown in the Sethe-Beloved relationship, this article concludes with exploring the inadequacy of The Pleasure Principle in dealing with long-term trauma. Morrison's text ends with Beloved becoming a signification of infanticidal resentment. The novel's didacticism which in turn elucidates the necessity of confronting that which causes discomfort in memory, becomes clear through Morrison's conclusive narrative experimentation. In employing the monologue form to indicate the continued prevalence of the pain-inducing adult Beloved in her narrative control and confrontation, Morrison's text communicates the ineffectual function of the 'Pleasure Principle' as a means of traumatic relief.


ABSTRACT A foremost challenge to the realisation of the accelerated economic growth of the demographic dividend in Africa remains the commitment of the region's political leadership to creating the enabling contexts to maximise the potential of its youthful population. This viewpoint considers three critical African cultural mores – the reverence-for-posterity norm; leader-as-community-proxy culture; and the elder tradition – that offer unique levers for fostering political leadership for the demographic dividend in Africa. Strategies for successfully tapping these cultural traditions require further research.


Background: Peer education is one of the active teaching methods and is rarely used in clinical settings, especially in nursing. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) on learning the principles of vaccination in nursing students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 79 (intervention group n=43, control group n=36) nursing students. In the intervention group, seven peer instructors taught the principles of vaccination in two one-hour sessions to other students. The control group received routine education. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Results: The findings showed that among the students, 43% (n=34) were male and 57% (n=45) were female participants. The difference between the intervention and control groups was significant after the intervention (P<0.001). Besides, the comparison of the average score of the checklist between the two groups showed significant differences (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed the positive impact of PAL on clinical education as well as its reliability and benefits for nursing students.


After 22 months, removed litter layer amounted about 405 g m-2 per plot with a remaining enrichment of 384.4 ‰ 13C. About 25 % of this removed litter originates from the initial applied labeled litter, while 75 % originates from litterfall (e.g. shells of beechnuts), which passed through the 2 mm mesh and accumulated during the 22 months. Comparing initial and removed labeled litter, we recovered about 35-40 % as residual labeled litter, while we recovered an evolution of labeled litter-derived CO2 of about 36-40 %. Adding the 11 % found in SOC, we know the whereabouts of roughly 85 % of the initial applied litter. The certain offset in this calculation represents the amount of label, which we were not able to recover. We consider these results as quite decent and well fitting for a labeling experiment under field conditions with a duration of nearly two years.


Background: Objectives: To describe the impact of the disease on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or ankylosing spondylitis (EA) on the social health of people who suffer from it. Methods: Cross section of a consecutive sampling of patients with AS, RA or SLE. Selection criteria: age ≥18 years with AS (ASAS criteria), AR (EULAR / ACR 2010 criteria) and SLE (ACR-EULAR criteria) able to understand and willing to perform the questionnaires. Protocol: All patients who attended a consultation between October and December 2019 were offered to participate in the study. After their approval and verification of the inclusion criteria, they conducted a battery of PROMIS platform questionnaires focused on assessing their social health. Likewise, data on their disease, comorbidities and socio-labor profile were collected. All participants signed an informed consent and the study was approved by the CEIC of the referral hospital. Main outcomes: The variables collected by the questionnaires evaluate social health in several areas: mobility, depression, satisfaction with social relationships, social isolation, company, ability to participate in social activities, emotional support, instrumental support and support through information. Statistical analysis: Descriptive, bivariate analysis using t-student, ANOVA and χ2;, followed by multivariate linear regression (RLM) (Vd: ability to participate in continuous social activities 7-35). Results: 151 patients participated: 50 with RA (90% women, mean age 55.12 ± 13.64 years), 51 with AS (51% women, 52.59 ± 12.15 years) and 50 patients with SLE (96 % women, mean age 47.14 ± 11.3 years). The most frequent comorbidities were: arthritis, visual impairment, anxiety and depression (table 1). These results present a greater tendency to depression and anxiety patients of SLE. No significant differences were observed in most of the social questionnaires analyzed between groups (table 2), except in a worse mobility in patients with RA and AD compared to SLE (p = 0.017). About half of the patients in all groups had depression (43%) and reduced mobility (63.6%). All groups are satisfied with their social role 128 (85.3%), have the capacity to participate in social activities 140 (94%) and feel accompanied 147 (97.4%). On the contrary, the social isolation figure is 42 (28%). Social isolation implies an affectation of the serious social role in patients who claim to be accompanied, so it is not secondary to loneliness or lack of family support. In the multivariate analysis it was observed that the independent variables that were associated with the ability to participate in social activities were satisfaction with social relations (β = 0.349 [p = Conclusion: The predictors of the ability to participate in social activities in patients with RA, AD and SLE were: depression, mobility deficit, social isolation and satisfaction with social activities. Patients with RA, AD and SLE present similar data, so there are no differences due to pathologies in the social role, highlighting that they have a good social support and despite this there is social isolation being able to be associated with the deficit in mobility and high rates of depression. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


Author — Donald Lee Cox Iowa State University Master of Science Degree Education May, 1991 " A comparative analysis of methods used in preparation for occupational testing 11 Acceptable and recognized methods utilized to develop compe tency and prepare for occupational testing are strongly con trolled by certifying agencies. Teachers, law enforcement offi cers, medical personnel and fire fighters, to name a few, operate under specific guidelines for training requirements to qualify for professional certification. Most certification examinations are competency based tests. What methods of preparation a certi fying agency recognizes may severely restrict an individual's option to develop competency. This research thesis specifically investigates fire fighter certification and methods of preparation to develop competency. Over five-hundred Iowa fire fighter candidates from 198? to 1991 were studied. Written examination scores were collected along with various demographic information. Specific hypotheses studied involved methods of preparation ; years of experience; volunteer vs. career fire fighters ; and gender of the candidates.


The course "manufacturing mechanism and technology of microelectronics materials" contains a variety of subject matters,and faces challenges with the rapid updating of professional knowledge.In this paper,lithography technology,one of the major and most difficult parts of the course,is chosen for teaching discussion.In relation to the current discipline status,the oral teaching and example teaching methods are presented as means of improving the effectiveness of classroom teaching,increasing student interest in learning,and helping students have a deeper understanding of multidisciplinary knowledge.


In program debugging, tracing control instructions that examine internal program states can be saved in a file and this file can be used to initialize the debugging environment when a program is loaded by a debugger. When a source program is modified because of bugs, however, source line numbers are also changed. It is therefore necessary to update the source line numbers in a tracing control instruction file according to the modifications in the source program. This paper proposes a solution by means of an automatic resumption mechanism that simplifies the debugging procedure from source modification to the beginning of the next debugging. While a programmer is creating an executable program using make after he has modified the program, the tracing control instruction file is updated automatically, so the programmer does not even have to think of updating them. This mechanism makes it very easy to resume debugging with the same debugging environment after program modification.


Clark, Lawlor-Savage, and Goghari (this issue) provide an interesting comment on the explanatory framework of generational IQ test score changes over time in the general population (i.e., the Flynn effect). They argue that IQ test score gains are not due to genuine ability increases in the general population but are rather manifestations of incidental training due to a more stimulating (technological) environment or changes in the way we approach problems because of novel forms of (social) interactions in our everyday living. While I disagree with them that a new definition of intelligence is necessary in order to understand the Flynn effect (the definition described by Gottfredson, 1997, which has been signed by 52 intelligence researchers does not conflict with what we know about the Flynn effect), I could not agree more with Clark and colleagues that it is necessary to be aware of what population IQ changes on different ability domains and specific tasks mean. To clarify these points, I will discuss (a) empirical evidence about strength and moderators, (b) what this means for different proposed explanations, and (c) likely future developments based on the accumulated evidence about the Flynn effect.


To the Editor: —On my return from an extended trip in the East I was much surprised to learn thatThe Journalof the Americna Medical Association, in its issue of August 19, had taken occasion to attack the American Journal of Clinical Medicine editorially. In this editorirl the reader is insidiously led to the conclusion that there was a carefully prepared plan on our part in cooperation with Mr. Post, to collect testimonials for Grape Nuts and Postum Cereal. That this inference is unjustified could easily have been learned byThe Journal, if it had taken the trouble to communicate with me. However, I am glad to give the profession all the facts in the cases, and these are as follows Some months ago I had the pleasure of a personal interview with Mr. Post. At that time I was impressed by his candor and evident essential honesty, and convinced


Differences by age of mother in the prevalence of low birthweight and preterm delivery were examined among a population of women who delivered their first child at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1979 and 1986. Women who were less than 18 years old at the time of their first birth were significantly less likely to have low-birthweight babies than were older mothers. Mother's age had no effect on the prevalence of preterm delivery. Although associations among age at first birth and known risk factors for poor birth outcomes were observed, not all associations were in the same direction; young mothers were more represented in some risk categories, especially socioeconomic status, whereas older mothers were more represented in other categories, including alcohol consumption and a history of spontaneous abortions. Factors known to influence birth outcomes, such as smoking, hypertension, and the presence of sexually transmitted diseases, were found to be associated with low birthweight and preterm delivery....


Green bonds in Indian market play a vital role to shape the debt market and to position the environment sustainability by generating funds specifically for green projects. The objectives of this paper is to understand the green bond as an environmental sustainable tool and further to draw the trend of green bond and challenges so far in context to the Indian financial market. The emergence of green/climate bonds takes place from Paris Agreement in 2015 where 188 countries sign up to limit the rising temperature by less than two degree Celsius and India is one of the countries to sign the agreement. The paper is based on a descriptive study using secondary data source from several government reports, other published reports and banking sector reports. The paper concludes that the green bond successfully fulfils criteria to become a sustainable tool which can be seen as an investment opportunity alternative to equity funds, other corporate bonds. The green bond trend is upward sloping showing great potential to grow and develops the sustainable goals with success achievement. Certain challenges as hedge currency cost, lack of awareness, low sovereign rating makes green bonds a less attractive among investor which can be fairly reduced by proper governmental strategic actions.


An ultra-wideband antenna is designed for breast tumor detection, which operates at 5Ghz frequency range. From the simulation results, the best return loss of -40.32 dB is obtained at 5.2GHz. Moreover, the large bandwidth obtained is 3.46GHz with respect to -10dB. Antenna is simulated with/without tumor to obtain the E-field, H-field, and SAR values. From the simulations, the E-field value are 12667 v/m for non-tumor and 13270 v/m for tumor. The H-field values are 60.9 A/m for non-tumor and 60.6 A/m for tumor. The SAR values obtained were 0.208 w/kg for non-tumor and 0.206 w/kg for with tumor.


Background: China has witnessed a nation-wide upsurge of entrepreneurship and innovation over the last decade, with a particular emphasis on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. The value of finding effective ways to identify aspiring talents is equally important as entrepreneurship grows. To advance the entrepreneurship education field, this paper reports on the development and validation of an instrument to measure traits revealed as important by implicit entrepreneurship theory (IET). Methods: Based on a literature review, this article developed and validated an instrument to assess implicit entrepreneurship theory held by individuals in China, using semi-structured interviews and surveys across four studies. Results: The findings suggest that it is feasible to define, assess and report on key characteristics of what is commonly referred to as a "protoyptical entrepreneur" in the Chinese context. Conclusions: The paper discusses a conceptual analysis of key theory, presents insights from four waves of psychometric modeling and validation, and concludes by considering contributions to STEM education, to entrepreneurial practice, and hence to broader socioeconomic development.


The theory of constructing socialist harmonious society put forward by the Chinese Communist Party is deeply rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese traditional culture,based on the contemporary practice of Chinese socialism construction and guided by the theory of scientific social democracy.The theory of constructing socialist harmonious society nails down the historic objective of Chinese socialism construction.It inherits the theory of scientific social democracy and innovates it.


Due to its rarity, the features and prognosis of giant cell carcinoma of the lung (GCCL) are not well defined. The present study aimed to describe the clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of this rare disease, compare it with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), further determine the prognostic factors and establish a nomogram.


Based on Kunyansky's and our previous work, an efficient, analytical solution to the reconstruction problem of myocardial perfusion SPECT has been developed that allows simultaneous compensation for non-uniform attenuation, scatter, and system-dependent resolution variation, as well as suppression of signal-dependent Poisson noise. To avoid reconstructed images being corrupted by the presence of Poisson noise, a Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) domain adaptive Wiener filter is applied first to suppress the noise in the primary- and scatter-window measurements. The scatter contribution to the primary-energy-window measurements is then removed by our scatter estimation method, which is energy spectrum based, modified from the triple-energy-window acquisition protocol. The resolution variation is corrected by the depth-dependent deconvolution, which, being based on the central-ray approximation and the distance-frequency relation, deconvolves the scatter-free data with the accurate detector-response kernel in frequency domain. Finally, the deblurred projection data are analytically reconstructed with non-uniform attenuation by an algorithm based on Novikov's explicit inversion formula. The preliminary Monte Carlo simulation results using a realistic human thoracic phantom demonstrate that, for parallel-beam geometry, the proposed analytical reconstruction scheme is computationally comparable to filtered backprojection and quantitatively equivalent to iterative maximum a posteriori expectation-maximization reconstruction. Extension to other geometries is under progress.


In the fatigue analysis and the components design, uncertainties are caused by the variances of geometry data and applied loads, and the scatter of material properties. In this paper, fatigue crack growth life of turbine is evaluated by fracture mechanics and the reliability analysis is accessed by the fist order second moment method and Monte Carlo simulation.


Nowadays great progress has been made in the education of university ideological and political theoretical course according to University students' general positive identity.However,the positive identity can be divided into three grades of identity,namely,compulsive identity,profitable identity and accepted identity,which will have a negative or positive effect on the university ideological and political theoretical course.In this article,the author analyzes three grades of identity and their transitions in the education of university ideological and political theoretical course,and then makes some considerations and explorations of the countermeasure for the reform and the development of university ideological and political theoretical course.


The better understanding of cost-benefit, economic and environmental performances of solar thermal systems (STSs) is crucial for designers to be able to take a conscious and weighted decision about the installation of these systems. Therefore the goal of this research was to create a methodology for designers to support decisionmaking in the selection of the most adequate STS for a project and as result to contribute to a more sustainable built environment. This methodology allows the calculation of the potential environmental impacts, such as the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, ozone depletion, embodied energy, amongst others, together with the lifecycle costs resulting from the implementation of STSs in buildings. The system boundary includes the production of the various parts of the solar thermal system, such as the solar collector and the hot water tank, the assembly process, the maintenance stage, the auxiliary energy consumption and the end of life of this system. In the economic analysis, both initial and maintenance costs are considered together with the cost of the auxiliary energy. At the end, it is possible to quantify carbon, energy and cost payback periods. One practical application of the methodology will be carried out in the end of this work, aiming the comparison between four different STSs to be applied in a case study. The case study showed that both the energy and environmental payback times of a STS are less than 3 years and the life cycle cost payback period vary from 7 to 13 years. Veronica Fernandes, Ricardo Mateus, Luis Braganca, Sandra Silva and Manuela Almeida 2


Abstract For unequal probability sampling designs, design-based variance estimation is cumbersome because it requires second-order inclusion probabilities. For most fixed sample size probability proportional-to-size (φPS) schemes, these probabilities are difficult to compute, and the variance estimation depends on them for a tedious double-sum calculation. We show how to replace the traditional φPS scenario with simpler design/estimator alternatives that preserve the high efficiency characteristic of φPS schemes. These use the generalized regression estimator, and the variance estimation entails only the calculation of a simple weighted squared residual sum.


A compact frequency equalizer based on distributed passive circuits is designed, analyzed and implemented for the front end circuit of a portable spectrum analyzer working between 100MHz to 7 GHz. The equalizer is based on a T-shape passive attenuator consisting of multiple distributed inductive and capacitive elements. As a test vehicle, a 3-stage broadband amplifier has been implemented, connected to the designed equalizer, and characterized in the targeted frequency range. Without the equalizer, the measured gain of the implemented amplifier varies from 34.7 dB to 46.97 dB showing a 12.27 dB roll off in the frequency range. After connecting the equalizer, overall gain variation is reduced to ± 1.1dB. Compared with other preexisting frequency equalizers, the implemented one features a small footprint of 6×8 mm2 and a wide frequency bandwidth of 100MHz to 7GHz. Detail description on the equivalent circuit model and general design guidelines are given, and parametric analysis is performed. The implemented equalizer is suitable for the front end circuits of compact broadband test and measurement instruments, such as a portable spectrum analyzer and vector network analyzer.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the essay "Portions" ("Porcyi") authored by the famous Polish scientist, politician and publicist S. Tarnowski (1837-1917), which was published in November 1874 and revealed changes in social position, economic activity and behavior of wealthy Galician nobles, who, taking advantage of the plight of the peasantry, were actively engaged in usury, earning a solid income. The author states that remaining outside the "noble origin of the owners of estates", these nobles actually turned into rural extortionists, who are essentially no different from the representatives of the "merchant's craft" (commissioners, brokers, moneylenders, etc.), genus classes which did not provide for honor and conscience. This, according to S. Tarnowsky, caused enormous damage to the "Polish cause", as it destroyed the barely planned agreement between the nobility and the peasantry.


Composite structures have played a significant role in enhancing airplane's performance However, defects inside can be a potential threat to flight safety. To resolve the hazard. FMECA was applied to the defect analysis of composite structures on airplane's wing. And the failure mode of the highest criticality was found to be the impact damage. Then impact test on typical composite laminates was carried out. The caused damage was qualitatively analysed and proved impact of low energy brings latent risk. Practical solution was put forward to improve the safety or reliability of the applied composites in the airplane.


The making, eating, and sharing of food throughout society represents an important and exciting area of study with the potential to advance the field of scholarship, particularly in the context of Scandinavian Studies. This book analyses the historical, legal, and literary sources of the region during the medieval period to explore different aspects of Scandinavian culture relating to food and drink: production, consumption (including feasts), trading (distribution), and the associated social rituals. Using new and innovative approaches, this collection of studies offers broad insights into a great variety of social practices and includes fresh information on not only social history but also traditional topics such as trade, commercial exchange, legal regulation, and political organisation. The book unites contributors from a variety of backgrounds, further enriching the content of a collection that promises to make a significant contribution to the state of current research.


The Wells turbine is an axial-flow air-turbine designed to extract energy from ocean waves. An important considera-tion is the self-starting capability of the Wells turbine, a phenomenon encountered where the turbine accelerate by itselfup to a certain speed for the best turbine performance. In order to clarify the self-starting characteristic and running per-formance of the Wells turbine in an irregular oscillating flow, a numerical simulation process is established in this paperon the rational assumption of quasi-steady flow conditions. Both self-starting characteristics and running performanceare obtained through the numerical simulation and subsequently compared with the experimental data achieved on acomputer-controlled oscillating flow test rig which could realize some irregular oscillating flow according to the specifiedspectrum. Results show that the self-starting time decreases with the increase of the significant wave height and the meanfrequency of the irregular oscillating flow. Therefore, it is possible to predict accurately the performance of the Wells tur-bine by computer simulation.


ABSTRACT Organic carbon and nitrogen content were determined for soil samples taken annually from 1978 through 1983 from four depth increments from all plots of a shallow subsurface drainage research project. Drainage treatments were 3, 6 and 12 m spacing and no drainage. Drain tubing was 75 m diameter perforated corrugated plastic. Soil water from buried porous cups above and below the drains and from drain outflow was analyzed for nitrogen content. The objectives were to determine the long-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen content, determine nitrogen levels in soil water and drain discharge, and to improve our understanding of nitrogen fertilizer management under intensive drainage systems for poorly drained marine and lacustrine silty clay soils. Over time, intensive cropping and drainage caused significant decreases from initial values of both soil carbon and nitrogen content for all depths measured. The difference between initial and final soil carbon and nitrogen values for the surface 0.15-m depth of soil suggests the possibility of a drainage-caused decrease in soil carbon (P = 0.08) and shows a significant drain treatment effect on soil nitrogen (P = 0.013). Drainage-caused soil nitrogen depletion in the 0.15-m soil depth occurred over the first years of the study during corn production and stopped after alfalfa was grown. Nitrogen levels in drain water exceeded 10 ppm only in July of the second year of intensive cropping.


FIGURE 1. Risk of new-onset diabetes based on persistent OF and pancreatic necrosis (PN). A cute pancreatitis (AP) and diabetes have a bidirectional relationship. In a recent systematic review, the pooled prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes after the first attack of AP was 16% (95% confidence interval, 9–24) and 23% (95% confidence interval, 16–31), respectively. The risk of new-onset diabetes at the end of 1 year was 15%, which increased by 2.7-fold at 5 years. Interestingly, age, sex, etiology, or the severity of AP had little or no effect on subsequent development of diabetes. We hypothesized that the risk of diabetes is dependent on the severity of AP. Among patients enrolled in the Severe Acute Pancreatitis Study, a well-characterized cohort at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, we evaluated the probability of and factors influencing the development of diabetes after AP.


The Speaker of the Lejweleputswa District Municipality convened a council meeting on 15 July 2003 in
which he purported to appoint a commission of enquiry to investigate alleged irregularities at that
district municipality. The particular item on the agenda of the meeting read "Appointment of a
Commission of Enquiry".


Bacteria contaminating buckwheat seeds, flour and noodles were examined by use of various selective media. Buckweat seeds examined were harvested in Nagano and Hokkaido, and noodles were prepared from buckwheat seeds harvested in Hokkaido.All the seed samples examined contained bacteria in the range of 105-108/g. The number of gram-negative bacteria was almost the same as that of gram-positive bacteria in most of the samples, but there were appreciable differences in the numbers of glucose-fermentative gram-negative bacteria and glucose-nonfermentative bacteria among the samples examined.Enterobacteriaceae were dominant in buckwheat flour used for the preparation of noodles and the number of bacteria in noodles was about one-hundredth of that in the flour.


The new route of synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by the reaction of methanol with carbon dioxide in the presence of K_2CO_3 and CH_3I near the critical point of CO_2 was studied. The reactions were carried out in a stainless steel autoclave with inner volume of 500 mL provided with a magnetic stirrer and an electric heater. The products were analyzed by means of GC with a thermal conductivity detector. The influences of reaction temperature and pressure on the production of DMC were investigated, respectively. From the viewpoint of the unique characteristic of supercritical CO_2, the reaction mechanism was discussed.


To the editor:

On December 5, 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was introduced into the Western Hemisphere. The first cases of autochthonous chikungunya fever were reported in Saint Martin, French West Indies (FWI), demonstrating local transmission.[1][1] As of March 30, 2014, autochthonous cases


CdS nanoparticle loaded in the pore of Al-MCM-41 zeolite(CdS/M41) was prepared by ion exchange precipitation method,and the crystalline structure of CdS/M41 was characterized by XRD,UV-Vis,ICP-AES and SEM-EDS.The XRD results revealed that the hexagonal structure peaks corresponding to CdS were obviously found in the pattern of CdS/M41,which was good for photocatalytic reaction.A blue shift of CdS absorption edge compared to the bulk CdS was found in UV-Vis.The framework and morphology of Al-MCM-41 zeolite wasn't influenced by CdS nanoparticles,which were observed directly by XRD and SEM.The photocatalytic properties of H2S decomposition to produce H2 were evaluated in different reaction media.The results showed that the production rate of H2 over CdS/M41was 43.96 mmol/g·h cat.(CdS) and 9.85 times higher than that over pure CdS in the mixed solution of the 0.35 mol/L Na2S~0.25 mol/L Na2SO3.


Abstract A three-dimensional nonlinear numerical hydrodynamic model using Legendre polynomials to represent the vertical structure of the horizontal currents has been used to study the tidally induced residual flows in the Gulf of Maine–Georges Bank study region using a 6.25 km square grid. Tidal elevations in terms of the M2 phase and amplitude along the open boundaries are specified using Schwiderski's deep ocean tidal model. The model predicts strong clockwise circulation gyres around Georges Bank and Nantucket Shoals with a weak gyre around Browns Bank. Strong inflow to the Gulf of Maine is predicted near the Southwestern tip of Nova Scotia. These results are in good agreement with recent model predictions of Greenberg.


This paper presents two powerful pedagogical approaches for finding Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for d.c. linear electric circuits. These approaches are based solely on mesh analysis (for planar circuits) and on nodal analysis (for planar or nonplanar circuits) and simultaneously provide all equivalent circuit parameters from one circuit.


In this paper, we propose a new ranking method inspired from previous results on the diffusion approach to solve linear equation. We describe new mathematical equations corresponding to this method and show through experimental results the potential computational gain. This ranking method is also compared to the well known PageRank model.


Generally speaking, analysis of tail asymptotics in two-dimensional queueing systems is very challenging. Earlier work based on complex analysis led to determinations of exact forms of tail asymptotics. Ideas of large deviations, a powerful tool for characterizing light-tailed decay rates or analysis of rough tail asymptotics, have been utilized recently to develop probabilistic methods to do exact tail asymptotic analysis. Another promising approach to do tail asymptotics analysis, both exact and rough, is the matrix-analytic method. In this article, we combine the matrix-analytic method with techniques from probability and analysis to characterize tail asymptotics in a QBD process with infinitely many phases. The main results include conditions on: (1) exact geometric decay; (2) light-tailed behavior without an exact geometric decay, which in general is not the focus of the large deviations method; and (3) upper and lower bounds for stationary probabilities. We apply the main results to two two-dimensional queueing systems, including a polling system and a gated random-order server queue to characterize their light-tailed behavior of the queue length processes.


Statement of the problem. For many years, the problem of drug addiction has been at the center of public attention and has created a demand for scientific research within the framework of this topic. Today, the syndrome of dependence on psychoactive substances is recognized as a disease that affects a person at all levels of life – physical, psychological, social. Creation of an effective system of assistance to drug addicts is a global task involving not only individual scientific disciplines, but also the system of legislation. Given the complexity and multidimensionality of the problem, modern secondary and tertiary prevention measures demonstrate a low percentage of effectiveness. Therefore, the opportunity to increase it even by a few percent is of high value. Some aspects of overcoming addiction have been developed in sufficient detail, for example, medical methods of working with the physiological aspects of addictive behavior. There are developed and structured programs of inpatient rehabilitation published in the relevant clinical guidelines, as well as indicators of their effectiveness. However, there is no common understanding of the further actions required from specialists aimed at helping the patient to consolidate the normative personal status and maintain a stable remission. The article reflects the problems of the modern system of rehabilitation of drug addicts, substantiates the need to develop a post-rehabilitation stage of work with drug addicts. The purpose of the work is to assess the current state of the field of assistance to drug addicts, first of all, at the stage of post-rehabilitation and to outline promising goals for its further development. Methodology (materials and methods). The research methodology is presented by the analysis and synthesis of modern scientific sources and studies devoted to the rehabilitation of drug addicts, as well as private descriptions of the experience of organizing post-rehabilitation care for this category of patients. Research results. Based on the results of the analysis of modern scientific sources, we have proved the necessity of a separate study of the personality of a drug addict at the end of the main activities of the rehabilitation program, in the first place, its value-motivational sphere. The findings open up further prospects for improving the system of drug treatment. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the need to organize post-rehabilitation support for drug addicts as a promising area for increasing the number of stable remissions. The development of a program of psychological support for drug addicts at the post-rehabilitation stage deserves the greatest attention, since it remains the least studied and structured.


Graphics distill and convey information. The clarity and power of the simple style box efficiently conveys two vital dimensions of investment style for equities-valuation and size. In promoting awareness of style variations, style boxes - Morningstar's particularly - have advanced investment literacy. However, as currently constructed, the style box misleads, and can induce unwanted behavior and unintended consequences.


During 1986 and 1987 a major travel study was carried out in the county of Stockholm. The main study was preceded by three large pilot studies and a number of smaller informal tests. Research money made it possible to use a substantial amount of time and money on exploring different designs of the study. One part of the data collection consisted of home interviews with a sample of households. After initial mail and telephone contacts, all members of the household did get trip diaries before their selected survey day. One or two days after that day the household was interviewed at home. The final response rate was 80%. The second part of the data collection consisted of mail-back interviews with individuals. The final response rate was 75%. Both parts used the same diary and the same questions (even though the mail-back version was substantially shorter). Since both parts were carried out at the same time and with a similar response rate, and since the main survey instrument - the diary - was the same in both parts, and since the ambition level was unusually high in both parts, it is very interesting to compare the results from the two different survey methods. A comparison of the results shows that short trips are severely under-reported in the mail-back interview. The household interview in total contains 16% more trips per person than the mail-back interview. For trips with a total travel time of less than five minutes the difference grows to 57%. There is also a clear pattern for different modes and different trip purposes. (A) For the covering abstract of the seminar see IRRD 862693.


The method of the quantitative mineralogical classification of igneous rocks suggested by the present author is based on the "classification index" and the "tetrahedral diagram". An igneous rock can be first considered to be an aggregate which consists of four compositions (quartz or feldspathoids, alkali feldspar, plagioclase and dark minerals) at most. By Niggli's "tetrahedral" method the selection of the projected section is based upon the ratio of alkali feldspar and plagioclase. According to the position of the point projected on the section which accurately indicates the composition of the rock, and the descriptions upon which the primary naming of the rock was made, the author presents a new classification nicely in accordance with the historical tradition. This paper refers to numerous data given by other authors. Listing the examples for each class of igneous rocks, the author gives the correct name for each species. In practical application to petrographic works the classification suggested by the author is probably simpler and more convenient than old methods in general use.


Research is being conducted at the Goddard Space Flight Center to develop aperture synthesis in two dimensions for future application to microwave remote sensing of the Earth from space. A laboratory prototype has been assembled consisting of a two element interferometer (two antennas connected together to form a coherent correlation radiometer) mounted on an x-y positioner so that all baselines an a cartesian grid can be measured. The minimum spacing is approximately one-half wavelength and the maximum spacing is about 50 wavelengths. Initial tests have been completed and an image has been successfully obtained. The image was obtained by discretizing the theoretical response of the instrument and using measurements on the actual instrument to correct for gains and offsets in the RF system.<<ETX>>


Tourism is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon which is best managed in a collaborative and coordinated manner. Collaboration and coordination in open social, political and economic systems with multiple actors and interests do not happen by chance, but require decisive leadership. This leadership is missing in tourism development in Sub Sahara Africa (SSA), resulting in the extant ineffective and inefficient reactive and disjointed tourism development approaches in the region. As a result, the region is the least competitive in the robust global tourism market. To enhance competitiveness and the dividends of tourism, this paper proposes that governments assume decisive leadership and coordination roles in tourism development. Multi-actor and multi-sector collaboration and coordination require a central force that has the requisite elements of neutrality or fairness, credibility, legitimacy, capacity and durability to efficiently and effectively lead and coordinate the stakeholders, in the case of this paper, tourism stakeholders in SSA. In SSA, this force is the government, based on reasons adduced in this paper. Some critical principles are delineated for adherence by governments, in order to effectively lead and coordinate tourism development.


Humanities management is indispensable in the modern hospital management,while the advanced hospital culture is an important carrier to realize the humanities management.Combining with the practice in The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,we explored the method in spirit culture,system culture and behavior culture reconstruction to carry out the humanities management,to promote the hospital service,and to achieve harmonious relationship between doctors and patients.


The cluster [Ir6(CO)13(C7H8)] (1) was synthesized from [Ir6(CO)16] and excess cycloheptatriene in refluxing toluene. In the solid state, the six iridium atoms define an octahedral metal cage, and one face is capped by the μ3-η2:η2:η2-C7H8 ligand, which is a six-electrondonor, through the three CC double bonds. Reaction of 1 with Na2CO3 in THF yields [Ir6(CO)12(C7H7)]- (2). In this octahedral anion, the cycloheptatrienyl ring is almost planar and is coordinated to a triangular face in the μ3-η2:η3:η2-fashion. Reaction of 1 or 2 with NaOH in THF yields [Ir6(CO)12(C7H8)]2- (3), in which a μ3-η2:η2:η2-C7H8 is also present. The 1H NMR spectra of 1 and 3 show five signals, which were assigned to the nonequivalent hydrogen atoms by bidimensional experiments. The spectrum of 2 shows a singlet, even at low temperature, in agreement with a highly fluxional ligand. The interconversions of 1 to the anions 2 and 3, respectively, have been followed by electrochemical investigations. The neutral [Ir6(CO)13(C7H8)] proves...


The hydrogenation/hydrodeoxygenation of furfural was studied on a Cu/SiO2 catalyst at 230–290 C. Detailed kinetics, density function (DFT) calculations, and spectroscopic studies were combined to investigate this reaction. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was found to fit the kinetic data well and provided the parameters of physical significance. The heat of adsorption (DHads) of furfural, derived from the fitting, was found to be significantly higher than those of furfuryl alcohol and 2-methyl furan. Activation energies for the conversion of furfural and furfuryl alcohol were both about 12 kcal/mol. DFT calculations and DRIFTS provided guidance about the nature of the surface species. Accordingly, the most likely species adsorbed on the Cu surface is suggested to be a top g(O)-aldehyde. DFT calculations of the reaction path show that the predicted energy barriers are of the same order as the experimental values and suggest that the hydrogenation of furfural can occur via either an alkoxide or ahydroxyalkyl intermediate. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


This text is aimed at showing that particularity of different cultural identities is compatible with the generality of standards - the differences can be organically included in the whole which gives them the meaning. Global meaning of the identity transformation is in the need for freedom and real democracy, that means overcoming mechanisms of instrumental reasoning and power usurpation. The process of cultural transformations requires deliberate choices which provide us identity and value to our humane standards.


The topic of this paper is the process of trademark protection, based on the example of the firm Franela d.o.o. The work is divided into two parts. In the first part, entitled "The trademark protection process in the Republic of Croatia", the author explains the concept of a trademark, its type and function, its registration, its effect and the duration of the trademark. In the second part of the paper, entitled "The trademark process for Franela d.o.o.", the author shows in a practical example the development of the design for the company mentioned above and explains the same. In addition, the author describes the process of applying for a trademark registration and the procedure with the State Intellectual Property Office. Subsequently, the administrative, civil and criminal protection of the trademark is dealt with.


A particularly difficult evidentiary problem facing courts today is the proper standard for the authentication of electronic evidence or social media, such as emails, web pages, text messages, instant messaging and electronic signatures. This article analyzes the court decisions addressing these issues.


The paper presents the results of analyses on tendency of bedded rock mass towards rockburst, carried out on the basis of laboratory tests of rock samples and determined indices, as well as by means of numerical calculations. The first part of the paper discusses selected parameters evaluating the tendency of rocks towards burst, on the basis of which the analysis was carried out in order to assess rockburst hazard in selected complexes of strata in Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Rockburst hazard in bedded rock mass is also analyzed with the use of numerical methods and the results of calculations of rock damage development in the exploitation front during coal deposit extraction are presented. Burst hazard of rock mass is studied through the changes of intensiveness of damage process in the area of exploitation front.


The airgun signature, especially the bubble time period, is controlled by the source depth, size of the gun and firing pressure. In addition, several studies are carried out to investigate the impact of heat transfer, viscosity, surface tension or mechanical processes inside the gun on the oscillating bubble. Another aspect that could have an impact on the airgun signature and bubble time period is the presence of small air bubbles in the water which leads to a reduced density and bulk modulus. The water can be saturated with air close to the surface due to waves or due to a leaking airgun located below other sources. We conduct experiments with a small airgun inside a water tank where the source signature is recorded. The near field pressure is measured without air bubbles in the water and for three settings with an increasing amount of air bubbles. The air bubbles are generated from a tube with several holes exactly below the airgun. An increased bubble time period and primary-to-bubble ratio is observed with an increasing amount of air in the water. The amplitude of both, the main peak and bubble peaks, is reduced with an increased amount air saturation.


Background: generally to got the description about the correlation between depression symptom and willingness to comitted suicide behavior in mentally illness patient. Specially the purpose of this study was described about depression symptom, depression's level, willingness to comitted suicide, correlation between depression symptom and willingness to committed suicide, correlation bedween depression's level and willingness to comitted suicide, the factors that correlate with depression dan the factors that correlate with willingness to comitted suicide behavior in mentally illness patient in Grhasia Hospital, Yogyakarta.
Method: this was non-experimental study, descriptive analitic correlation, with cross sectional design. The variables of this study were depression symptom and willingness to comitted suicide behavior. The instruments of this study were using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and comitted suicide scale. Data was collected by documentation study and questionaire. Data was analized by univariat analysis for descriptive variabel analyzing and test for dare normality, bevariate analysis for spread analyzing and correlation test between variables, data was analized by SPSS for Windows version 10.05.
Results and conclusion: there was a middle correlation's level between depression symptom and willingness to comitted suicide behavior, the level of significancy was p = 0,013 and the correlation value was r = 0,238, and there was a middle correlation's level between depression level and willingness to comitted suicide behavior, the level of significancy was p = 0,003 and the correlation value was r = 0,264. Another results showed depression symptom in mentally illness patient majority was on mild scor, level of depression in mentally illness patient majority was on mild level of depression, the willingness to comitted suicide behaviour in mentally illness patient majority was on middle risk, there was a positive correlation between sex and the willingness to comitted suicide behavior and there was negative correlation between fungtional status and the willingness to comitted suicide behaviour in mentally illness patient and there was not any correlation between respondent's characteristics and level of depression in metally illness patient in Grhasia Hospital, Yogyakarta.
Keywords: depression symptom, and willingness to comitted suicide behavior, mentally illness


The Bustillos and Mexicanos lagoons are located in the center of the state of Chihuahua (Mexico). These wetlands of special environmental interest are endangered by severe pressure from human activities. These wetlands of environmental relevance are endangered by severe pressure from human activities. This study has raised a series of chemical, physical and microbiological analyzes, which determine high rates of contamination in these aquatic habitats. The results showed in water low levels of dissolved oxygen and high concentrations of nitrate and coliform bacteria. Agricultural activities, wastewater discharges from urban areas and industrial waste has been identified as the main sources of pollution of these water resources.


K.R. Thiele1 and J.G. West (Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. 1Corresponding author) 2004. Spyridium burragorang (Rhamnaceae), a new species from New South Wales, with new combinations for Spyridium buxifolium and Spyridium scortechinii. Telopea 10(4) 823–829. Spyridium comprises c. 40 species from southern temperate Australia, characterised by cymose inflorescences, a distinctive floral disk, and schizocarpic fruits in which an indehiscent, papery pyrene containing the seed is shed as the disseminule. Three species from New South Wales, previously included in Cryptandra, belong in Spyridium where they form a small, distinctive group. One of these, Spyridium burragorang K.R.Thiele, is described as new, while new combinations are provided for Spyridium buxifolium (Fenzl) K.R.Thiele and Spyridium scortechinii (F.Muell.) K.R.Thiele.


OBJECTIVE
To identify patient, injury, and functional status characteristics associated with successful discharge to the community following a skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay among older adults hospitalized following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

SETTING
Skilled nursing facilities.

PARTICIPANTS
Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries admitted to an SNF after hospitalization for TBI.

DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study using Medicare administrative data merged with the National Trauma Data Bank using a multilayered Bayesian record linkage approach.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Successful community discharge: discharged alive within 100 days of SNF admission and remaining in the community for 30 days or more without dying or admission to a healthcare facility.

RESULTS
Medicaid enrollment, incontinence, decreased independence with activities of daily living, and cognitive impairment were associated with lower odds of successful discharge, whereas race "other" was associated with higher odds of successful discharge. Injury factors including worse injury severity (Glasgow Coma Scale and Abbreviated Injury Scale scores) and fall-related injury mechanism were not associated with successful discharge.

CONCLUSION
Among older adults with TBI who discharge to an SNF, sociodemographic and functional status characteristics are associated with successful discharge and may be useful to clinicians for discharge planning. Acute injury severity indices may have limited utility in predicting discharge disposition once a patient is admitted to an SNF for post-acute care.


Degenerative diseases especially diabetes mellitus in indonesia has increased in line with the progress work in social economic and the changing lifestyle .International diabetic federation ( idf ) reckon incidence diabetes mellitus in the world 2012 as many as 371 million people , 2013 increased to 382 million people and diperirakan in the 2035 increased to 592 million people . In indonesia, according to the basic health research ( riskesdas ) years 2013 mentioned an increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus based on the doctor diagnosis in at age ≥ 15 year in 2013 as much as 1,5 % and in 2018 2,00 %. as much as. This community service aims to reduce the level of stress in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Using training methods, conduct stress level measurements before and after training, with a total target of 20 people. Data analysis using Paired Sample T-Test. The results show there is the influence of training visualize on the level of stress patients diabetes mellitus with p value much as 0.021 ( & lt; 0.05 ) .Suggested in research locations to consider the use of visualize as one of the act of to reduce the level of stress patients diabetes mellitus and to respondents to conduct visualize continuously in any given period of time . Key Words: Diabetes Mellitus, Stress, Visualisasi


This article explores the relationship between the communal boundaries of the church and the life of holiness and mission to which it is summoned in the gospel, with particular reference to the distinction between 'bounded sets' and 'centred sets' in recent missiological theory and missional ecclesiology. Drawing on the language of the First London Confession and the implied ecclesiology of Paul's Corinthian letters, it argues that the church's holiness-in-mission requires neither a fortress nor a boundaryless blur, but the kind of 'good fences' that assist the followers of Jesus to be 'good neighbours' to the people around them who do not know Christ.
'Good fences', it is argued, are communal boundaries that (i) are drawn as a circumference around the centre of the saving, ruling presence of Christ; (ii) accurately represent the distinctions and disciplines of confession and conduct that mark out those who follow Jesus from those who do not know him; (iii) make explicit the covenantal commitment of a community of believers to live under those disciplines together; and (iv) allow for the missional involvement of God's people in the world and the hospitable welcome within the church of those who are in the process of learning Christ.


By unambiguous syntheses, the structures of maturinone and cacalol were shown to be 3,5-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (1) and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,4,5-trimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-9-ol (2), respectively. 3,8-Dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (1a), an isomer of maturione, was also synthesized.


Particulate main-group elements (As0, Sb0, Bi0, Pb0, Se0, Te0) and compounds (Bi4Te3, SbxBi1–x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are obtained via photoinitiated reduction under UV irradiation. The synthesis of Bi0 and Se0 is exemplarily studied in detail. Here, meso- to micrometer-scaled particles are obtained with mean diameters of 81(11) nm (Bi0) and 1.15(18) μm (Se0) in the absence of specific stabilizers that allow controlling the particle growth. In contrast, the particle diameter is significantly reduced in the presence of specific stabilizers (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone/PVP for Bi0, 2-mercaptoacetid acid/MAA for Se0). Now, even the nanoregime is reached with mean diameters of 4(2) nm (Bi0) and 290(39) nm (Se0). The photochemical synthesis is easy to perform (i.e., aqueous solution/suspension, room temperature, conventional chlorides/oxides as starting materials) and leads to a homogeneous particle nucleation, only initiated by UV irradiation as an external physical trigger. The resulting particulate main group eleme...


In this study, investigations were carried out on e lectrolytic dressing characteristics and the characteristics of the ELID grinding with a Minimum Quantity of Liquid (MQL). A stable electrolytic dress ing was successfully achieved in the experiments, in wh ch t e mist supplied was gradually decreased to 6. 4ml/min. The normal grinding fluid is supplied at about 1000 ml/min. In addition, a stable processing of the cem ented carbide by the ELID grinding with MQL was realized.


A data warehouse collects and integrates data from multiple, autonomous, heterogeneous sources with the purpose of efficiently implementing decision support or OLAP queries. Much working data warehousing has been performed on view materialization and data integration, we focus on access and security management in OLAP and N-dimensional cube. Since data in data warehouse are valuable and an important cooperate resource, we define a security model for data warehouses which describes security constrains for roles in the data warehouse. Each user in the data warehouse has a role and each role has a security constrain list that builds the security profile of the role. According these role profile the user is authorized to query data from the data warehouse.


A goal of this paper is to briefly describe work on a novel application of the Semantic Web to design repositories—collections of diverse engineering knowledge with sophisticated reasoning services. However, a more general goal of this paper is to demonstrate the extra utility enabled in database-styled applications by the incorporation of even simple semantics. It also discusses the development of practical, useful representations and applications for the Semantic Web.


Motivated by the concept of network motifs we construct certain clustering methods (functors) which are parametrized by a given collection of motifs (or representers).


Visiting Ned Nickerson at Emerson College, Nancy must ask him some sensitive questions when a scandal breaks out that could lead to his expulsion, and she uncovers a secret obsession that puts more than broken hearts at stake.


A composition with insecticiding activity for agricultural and horticultural crops contains 1-(2,7-dimethylbenzene-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-) acyl-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1-)acyl-2-tert-butyl hydrazine, that is, JS118, and one or more insecticides chosen from organophosphorus, pyrethroid, nicotin, pyrazole, pyrrole, nereistoxin and biologic insecticides.


This paper presents the results of towing-tank experiments carried out on models of Small Waterplane-Area Twin-Hull (SWATH) ships. The experimental data consist of the resistance and propulsion characteristics. A theory to predict the wave resistance of the SWATH ships has been developed. The results of theoretical predictions and their comparison with the corresponding residuary resistance data also are presented. The generally good agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions indicates that the theory may be used as a reliable tool to predict the resistance characteristics of the SWATH ships.


Background: Public access defibrillation (PAD) with automated external defibrillator (AED) is well known as a common and good implication in the public location for out of hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). In Japan, AED is being implemented in public and residential space, and could be used by bystander since July 2004. PAD may improve survival from sudden OHCA, however, the effect for OHCA in a local Japanese city outcome and characteristics remains unclear. Here we examined to identify the clinical outcome, prevalence and problem of PAD five years later since 2004. Methods and Results: We studied 836 OHCAs in Gifu city between 2009 and 2010 using Gifu city emergency medical service database. Of these, only 42 (5.02%) were attached with AED (male 25 (mean 67.5 year-old), female 17 (mean 88.7 year-old)). After written informed consent was obtained, we interviewed and characterized bystanders. Location of OHCA were nursing home (n=27 (64.3%)), prison (n=6 (14.3%)), sports institution (n=3 (7.2%)), public space (n=3 (7.2%)), and others (shopping mall, hotel, and office). The incidence in nursing home was significantly older than other group (86.7 vs. 56.9 year-old) (p Conclusions: PAD with AED need to be more appropriately education and implementation with constant PAD program including targeted CPR training, such as AHA program.


This paper introduces a flexible algorithm to derive users' preferences in a mobile and distributed system. Such profiles are implicitly computed from users' spatial and interactive behaviours. A campus visit aid illustrates the benefits of the algorithm within unobtrusive recommender systems. The approach provides a set of profiles (personal, group-based and hybrid) to adapt the presentation of campus services and suit users' immediate needs and interests. A Java-based simulation framework allows designers to customize the model before in situ validation.


The purpose of the study is to assess the labor costs of teachers to create programs of additional professional education. The SIM-UML system is used to build visual and simulation models of additional professional education processes. As a result of modeling, the estimation of labor costs in manual and automated versions is obtained.


The development of a mathematical law for chaotic dynamical systems has allowed to develop a methodology for the mathematical evaluation of cardiac dynamics which quantifies the differences between normality and disease, as well as their evolution. Material and methods: 70 Holter records, 60 with cardiac arrhythmias and 10 normal were taken. From the simulation values of consecutive heart rates, an attractor was built for each Holter. The space occupancy of each attractor and its fractal dimension were measured. Mathematical evaluation was applied to each Holter and then the sensitivity, specificity and Kappa coefficient of this evaluation with respect to the Gold Standard was calculated. Results: The cases conventionally diagnosed as arrhythmias presented space occupancy between 29 and 198 for Kp grid, and normal cases had higher values at 200. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and Kappa coefficient was 1. Conclusion: The power law quantifies differences between arrhythmias and normal dynamics, assessing the evolution dynamics towards normality or to disease, this was evidenced by an increase or decrease of the space occupied by the attractor.


The study was done using notched two-colony thick tensile specimens of a directionally solidified cast fully lamellar TiAl alloy.In situ-observations of fracture processes in scanning electron microscope(SEM) were combined with section-to-section related observations of fracture surfaces to investigate the crack growth process.Finite element method(FEM) calculations are carried out to evaluate the stresses for propagating cracks.The results reveal that: the reason why enhancement of applied load is required to propagate the main crack, on the one hand was attributed to that the main crack observed at the surface did not extend all the way through the specimen's thickness,on the other hand the stress field was still controlled by the notch,in which a definite stress required for extending a crack tip should be kept by increasing the applied load.Crack propagation resistance is enhanced at colony boundaries,only when a change occurs from an inter-lamellar propagation to a trans-lamellar propagation.


To research the dynamic response of asphalt pavement subjected to the moving vehicle loads,a three-dimensional finite element model in transient dynamic mode of viscoelastic asphalt pavement was developed with the large-scale finite element software ABAQUS.Some mechanical response of pavement induced by moving load was analyzed.The effect of dynamic response on the pavement under the condition of the vehicle different loads running at different speeds on different pivoting position on the vehicle loads were analyzed.The simulation results are compared with test results.The result indicates that,the dynamic response in pavement structure subjected to moving load exhibits wave characteristics.And as the speed of vehicle loads is increased,the stress response shows a decrease trend.In addition,transverse loading position has effect on the dynamic response,this has important influences on the tests.Finally,simulation results were compared with those of the experiments,and the viscoelastic FEM model subjected to the moving vehicle loads simulates the structure behavior of pavement well.


Non-standard measurement of Charpy V-notch impact specimens of metallic material led to test value discrepancy seriously,and the precision of proportion graphics and the corret drawing were important means to guarantee the size and shape of impact specimens fully meet with the requirement of GB/T229-2007.So the measurement accuracy of Chapy V-notch impact specimens should be strictly controlled,the standards for inspecting notch quality with gap projector and drawing of standard figure of processing precision should be unified.


The Shortley-Weller method is a standard central finite-differencemethod for solving the Poisson equation in irregular domains with Dirichlet boundary conditions. It is well known that the ShortleyWeller method produces second-order accurate solutions and it has been numerically observed that the solution gradients are also secondorder accurate; a property known as super-convergence. The superconvergence was proved in the L2 norm in [17]. In this article, we present a proof for the super-convergence in the L∞ norm.


The goal of the study is to identify prospects and limitations in the system of economists training for digital agriculture. A multidimensional study has been conducted in the context of several focus groups of respondents, which allowed assessing key competencies of accounting specialists compared with the competencies required by specialists of the agricultural sector in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy. It has been concluded that at present the training of specialists in management accounting in Russia is most influenced by such factors as: industry specificity, digital transformation of the economy, changes occurring in the context of the development of management accounting as a science. With the large-scale distribution of digital technologies, the development of information infrastructure, and the increasing requirements for a minimum set of digital competencies for employers in most areas of economic activity, it is an increasingly important task to train specialists who are able to work successfully in the new environment. Under these conditions, the system of training specialists in the field of economics in general and accounting in particular is undergoing a significant change. Keywords—digital economy, specialists training, agriculture, economist, accountant, specialists' competencies.


-JL Case of Erectile Tumor of the Orbit, Cured by Infiltration with the Solution of the Lactate of Iron and Puncture with Hot Needles, af ter the Ligature of the Carotid Artery had failed ; with observations on the effect of that Solution in obliterating the Bloodveesels. By Daniel Brainard, M. D.» Professor of Surgery in Rush Medical CoU lege, Chicago, Illinois, late Vice-President of the American Medical Association, Etc.


The dispersion characteristics of graded index optical fiber are studied using a transverse transmission line circuit rep~esentation. For round fibers new approximations have been developed which significantly simplifies the analysis. M interesting perspective as to the physical mechanisms underlying the dispersion characteristics of such fibers result frcrn circuit theoretic considerations.


AbstractElemental abundances of the early A stars e Ser, 29 Vul and σ Aqr are derived consistently with previous studies of this series using spectrograms obtained with Reticon and CCD detectors. The derived abundances confirm that e Ser is a definite Am star. 29 Vul shows evidence for a weakly operating Am star phenomenon. σ Aqr, a hot Am star prototype, has abundances similar to those of o Peg, another class prototype.


The mean value distribution problem of Smarandache Ceil function and product of prime divisor function U(n) is studied.By using the analytic methods,an asymptotic formula of(Sk(n)-U(n))2 is given,with k≥2,n is any natural number.


This proceedings contains the papers presented at the First Forensic Engineering Congress, a special part of the American Society of Civil Engineers Annual Convention held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S., October 5-8, 1997. These papers cover forensic engineering subjects relating to research, practice, and education. Within these broad categories, a number of topics are explored including: the engineer as the expert witness; the Oklahoma City bombing; near misses and narrow escapes; forensic engineering practice; failures during construction; natural disasters; lift-slab construction; education; steel moment frames; and computer misuse. This collection provides design professionals, researchers, educators, and students with a wealth of technical information regarding the status and progress of forensic engineering. A good balance between theoretical concepts and practical applications is presented.


A team effort to develop a Community Integrated Earth System Model (CIESM) was initiated in China in 2012. The model was based on NCAR Community Earth System Model (Version 1.2.1) with several novel developments and modifications aimed to overcome some persistent systematic biases, such as the double Intertropical Convergence Zone problem and underestimated marine boundary layer clouds. Aerosols' direct and indirect effects are prescribed using the MACv2‐SP approach and data sets. The spin‐up of a 500‐year preindustrial simulation and three historical simulations are described and evaluated. Prominent improvements include alleviated double Intertropical Convergence Zone problem, increased marine boundary layer clouds, and better El Niño Southern Oscillation amplitude and periods. One deficiency of the model is the significantly underestimated Arctic and Antarctic sea ice in warm seasons. The historical warming is about 0.55 °C greater than observations toward 2014. CIESM has an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 5.67 K, mainly resulted from increased positive shortwave cloud feedback. Our efforts on porting and redesigning CIESM for the heterogeneous Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer are also introduced, including some ongoing developments toward a future version of the model.