The double marginalization of Jose de Acosta: religion and sovereignty in the Viceroyaltyof Peru (16th century) With this article we seek to reflect on the status conferred on the European extra alterityin the work of the Jesuit Jose de Acosta. On the one hand, such an analysis can highlight some uses of religion as a tool for understanding the barbarian populations; onthe other hand, it is about showing the nexus between the evangelizing project and theinstitution of a form of Spanish sovereignty over the viceroyalty of Peru, in the secondhalf of the sixteenth century


The article discusses the range of the Amur River maximal annual levels and water flows near Khabarovsk over the whole period of observations (1896–2019), quantity of outstanding and catastrophic floods. In compliance with references, the articles considered the main characteristics forming the channel processes at the given reach of the river. We have estimated the natural and anthropogenic factors impact on the water flows and levels passage ability in case of catastrophic floods and increasing of the protective facilities' construction cost due to the water level extreme increase caused by anthropogenic factors. We have proposed a method of the maximal water level forecasting near the Khabarovsk water hub.


Using the concept of "social ecology" developed by Murray Bookchin as a starting point, this article explores the reception of this idea in Latin America before elaborating some key principles derived from this concept for a hermeneutical strategy to approach biblical texts. In particular, the article argues that Bookchin's understanding of the seriousness of the ecological crisis and of its causes, his views on the issues around exploitation, hierarchy and domination, gender and age oppression, and his criticism of the prevailing economic and political dimension could provide a hermeneutical framework that is relevant for an ecologically sound and justice-centred reading of biblical texts.


reply: two-photon excitation microscopy (which also goes by the names multiphoton microscopy and nonlinear optical microscopy) has proliferated because of instrumental advances that make it as easy to use as any other fluorescence microscopy technique. Now, it is almost 15 years since completely


Abstract Skeletal metastases from cerebellar medulloblastoma are extremely rare. When they occur, they produce widespread areas of bone destruction and new bone formation. Either process may predominate over the other. Occasionally the lesion is solitary. Periosteal reaction may occur and the new bone is usually perpendicular to the shaft. The sites most commonly involved are the axial skeleton, the pelvic and shoulder girdles and adjacent ends of long bones, the ribs and the skull. In the long bones, the lesions are usually metaphyseal, but they may also involve the epiphyses. The influence of cytotoxic drugs on the radiological appearances is described.


Bilateral convergence of external stimuli is a common feature of vertebrate sensory systems. This convergence of inputs from the bilateral receptive fields allows higher order sensory perception, such as depth perception in the vertebrate visual system and stimulus localization in the auditory system. The functional role of such bilateral convergence in the olfactory system is mostly unknown. To test whether each olfactory bulb contributes a separate piece of olfactory information, and whether information from the bilateral olfactory bulb is integrated, we synchronized the activation of olfactory bulbs with blue light in mice expressing channelrhodopsin in the olfactory sensory neurons and behaviorally assessed the relevance of dual olfactory bulb in olfactory perception. Our findings suggest that each olfactory bulb contributes separate components of olfactory information and mice integrate the olfactory information from each olfactory bulb to identify an olfactory stimulus. Significance statement Identifying an odor is the first step in olfactory coding, as it is critical for the survival of most animals. Previous studies have shown that bilateral olfactory bulbs help rodents to localize the odor source and navigate accordingly. But It is still unclear whether the bilateral olfactory information plays any role in determining odor identity. Here for the first time, using optogenetics and behavioral experiments, we demonstrate that each olfactory bulb provides distinct olfactory information, and rodents integrate information from the two bulbs to identify an odor.


Background Conventional endoscopic resection (CER) for early colorectal neoplasia (CRN) is widely accepted as a minimally invasive treatment. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed in Japan to resect larger lesions, but ESD was not covered by the Japanese national health insurance until April 2012. In addition, treatment strategies vary considerably among medical facilities. To evaluate the current situation in Japan regarding endoscopic treatment of CRNs measuring C20 mm, we conducted a prospective multicenter study at 18 medium-volume and high-volume specialized facilities in cooperation with the Japan Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR). Methods The JSCCR conducted a multicenter, observational study of all patients treated by CER and ESD of


Through combining multivariate statistical analysis method with herbalist theory and using the software of SPSS,the diabetes syndrome-treatment and prescription-drugs regulation in Tang-song,Jin-yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasty is searched for from both frequency and dosage.Through factor analysis,an important conclusion was made that tonifying drug and heat-clearing drug are two main kinds of drugs treating diabetes,and prescription-drugs matching relation of diabetes.


Preface Graduate Medical Education: Trends in Training & Student Debt Physician Supply & Demand: Projections to 2020 Primary Care Professionals: Recent Supply Trends, Projections & Valuation of Services Index.


e16124 Background: R is a multikinase inhibitor currently in phase I clinical testing. Its inhibitory profile includes several kinases that play critical roles in cancer cell growth and division leading to disruption at M-phase and antiangiogenic effects. Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of R alone and in combination with D and B in the 22rv1 androgen independent PCa model.

METHODS
Initially TGI of optimal dose (OD) R, D and B were evaluated. Then the TGI and increased life span (ILS) of the minimum efficacious dose (MED) and 2/3 OD R ± 2/3 OD D was tested. A final study compared doublets of 2/3 OD R + 2/3 OD D, 2/3 OD D + OD B, 2/3 OD R + OD B, and triplet of 2/3 OD D + 2/3 OD R+ 2/3 OD B.

RESULTS
All treatment groups were tolerated and there was no antagonism. TGI and ILS results are listed below ( Table ).

CONCLUSIONS
The OD of R B and D showed monotherapy TGI in this model. MED R + 2/3 OD D gave ILS statistically better (sb) than singlets but TGI was sb than MED R but not the D singlet. 2/3 OD R + 2/3 OD D produced sb TGI and ILS than each singlet. TGI and ILS with 2/3 OD R is sb than 2/3 OD D. TGI and ILS of 2/3 OD R + 2/3 OD D was sb than the 2/3 OD D + OD B but not the 2/3 OD R + B doublet. TGI and ILS was sb for 2/3 OD R + OD B versus 2/3 OD D + OD B. The TGI of the triplet was equivalent to the 2/3 OD R + 2/3 OD D doublet, but ILS was sb in the triplet. Also, the TGI and ILS was sb for triplet versus 2/3 OD D + OD B. TGI and ILS of the triplet was equal to 2/3 OD R + OD B. In general, the results demonstrate that the shared mechanism of mitotic disruption by R and D do not render antagonism, but in fact, allow for potentiated TGI and ILS. Also of note is the equally superior TGI and ILS provided by R + B and R + B + D. In general, the preclinical results generated support clinical testing of these agents in PCa. * p value for all. [Table: see text] [Table: see text].


Power semiconductor module (1) thereto are arranged with at least one substrate (5), at least one power semiconductor component (60), a housing (3), a first plastics molding (30), outwardly leading terminal elements (70) and a second plastic molding (32) on the first plastics molding (30) wherein the substrate (5) has an insulating body (52) and on whose first the interior of the power semiconductor module (1) facing major surface of conductor tracks (54) are arranged, and wherein at least one connection element as a contact spring (70) is integral with a first contact means (72), a second contact means (76) and at least one resilient portion (74) formed therebetween, wherein the first molded plastic body (30) has at least one vertically arranged to the substrate well (302) for receiving the contact spring (70), this shaft (302) has a lateral recess (306) for torsion-resistant arrangement of the contact spring (70) and a recess (304 ) (for receiving an associated portion of the body 324) of the second plastic molding (32), said body part also has a lateral recess (326) and on the side remote from the substrate side, a recess (328) for the first contact device (72) of the contact spring (70 ) has said recess (328) is designed such that only the first contact means (72) but not the resilient portion (74) extends therethrough and wherein the first contact means (72) of the contact spring (70) is bow-shaped with two lateral longitudinal sections (720, 722) on the bow-shaped first contact device (72), which projecting the resilient portion (74) in its diameter n and in the recesses (306, 326) are arranged.


1. INTRODUCTIONInitial research has traditionally described deviant workplace behaviours (DWBs) as destructive behaviours that threaten the well-being of an organization, and/or its members (Bennett & Robinson, 2000; Robinson & Bennett, 1995). Specifically, early researchers often described DWBs as being similar to counterproductive work behaviour (Fox, Spector, & Miles, 2001), dysfunctional behaviour (Griffin, O'Leary-Kelly, & Collins, 1998), bad behaviour in organizations (Griffin & Lopez, 2005), non-complaint behaviour, and so on (Puffer, 1987). Furthermore, DWBs have been associated with negative antecedents, including organizational injustice (Ambrose, Seabright, & Schminke, 2002), negative affectivity (Aquino, Grover, Bradfield, & Allen, 1999), psychological contract breach (Bordia, Restubog, & Tang, 2008), work stressors (Chen & Spector, 1992), abusive supervision, and so forth (Mitchell & Ambrose, 2007). Previous research has also demonstrated that DWBs could have significant negative consequences for both organization and its members, including work-related stress (Henle, Giacalone, & Jurkiewicz, 2005), decreased productivity (Martin & Hine, 2005), damaged organization's reputation (Bowling & Gruys, 2010), and decreased profitability (Lee & Ok, 2014).While prior research has increased our understanding of the negative consequences of deviance within organizations (i.e., destructive deviance), however, in recent years, there is a growing interest in constructive deviance. The interest in constructive deviance has grown because such behaviours can play a significant role in creating positive organizational change (Luthans & Church, 2002; Robbins & Galperin, 2010). Constructive deviance is defined as a "voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and in doing so contributes to the well-being of an organization, its members, or both" (Galperin, 2003, p. 158). Examples of such behaviours include among others: departing from the organisational norms to solve problems and using unconventional ways to achieve work goals (Galperin, 2002; Galperin, 2003, 2012).Due to the increasing interest in constructive deviance among researchers, to date, several factors have been suggested to explain the underlying cause of constructive deviance. For instance, empirical evidence suggests that perceived organizational support (POS) play an important role in promoting constructive deviance (e.g., Chen, Eisenberger, Johnson, Sucharski, & Aselage, 2009; Eisenberger, Armeli, Rexwinkel, Lynch, & Rhoades, 2001; Farmer, Tierney, & Kung-McIntyre, 2003; Tucker, Chmiel, Turner, Hershcovis, & Stride, 2008). These studies proposed social exchange perspective whereby employees exhibit constructive deviant behaviours to reciprocate the extent to which an organization values their contributions (Blau, 1964; Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, & Sowa, 1986; Moorman, Blakely, & Niehoff, 1998)Despite these empirical studies on the role of perceived organisational support in explaining the likelihood employees to engage in constructive deviance, however, less attention has been paid to the fundamental reason why perceived organisational support lead to constructive deviance at work. We argued that organisational trust (OT), defined as "willingness to be vulnerable" (Baumeister & Heatherton, 1996, p. 347)may be a key mechanism in explaining constructive deviance because organisational trust has been established to be a significant predictor of both positive and negative deviant behaviours at work (Demir, 2011; Erkutlu & Chafra, 2013; Rahim & Nasurdin, 2008). The logic here is that trust in organisation is the fundamental reason why perceived organisational support predicts constructive deviance at work. This line of argument is consistent with social exchange principle (Blau, 1964) and Eisenberger, Fasolo, and Davis-LaMastro's(1990) who noted that 'perceived support would create trust that the organization will fulfil its exchange obligations of noticing and rewarding employee efforts made on its behalf' (p. …


This paper quantifies, through mechanical compression measurements, the positive influence of zeolites on the maintenance of the original firmness characteristics of fruits packaged under semipermeable packaging films. From the stress-strain curves of the peaches sampled at 6, 12 and 20 days of storage, were elaborated rheological parameters such as elastic modulus, maximum stress, work at maximum stress and a parameter-index of the plumbness. In particular the values so obtained showed, in the early 12 days interval, the maintenance of mechanical characteristics which were near to the ones of the fresh products. These results were clearly better then those showed by the same products stored as in the conventional semipermeable packages with no zeolites as in the semiperforated ones.


The paper analyzes the current environment faced by the construction of literature resources of university library, and connecting with the actual works of the library of Northeast Petroleum University, puts forwards the suggestion on establishing an effective operation mechanism for guaranteeing the demand of literature resources of university, and makes the concrete argumentation of it.


Attested and 'pathological' vowel harmony patterns are studied in the context of subclasses of regular functions. The analysis suggests that the computational complexity of phonology can be reduced from regular to weakly deterministic.


The effects of energy absorption by corpuscular irradiation or ultrasonics on the fatigue strength and toughness characteristics of monocrystalline and polycrystalline Zn, Cu, Ag, U, Al, Zr, carbon steel, Cr-Ni steel and Mn-Si steel whiskers are discussed. (Rev. Metal Lit., 19: No. 12, Dec. 1982)


In this contribution, I compare Roman Catholic and Protestant views of prayer, suggesting that there are a number of related differences between the two. Roman Catholic prayer is typically formulaic, prayed by the community, and intended as a continuation of Christ's prayer on earth. Protestant prayer is typically free, prayed by the individual, and intended to confirm the relationship between God and the individual believer. These views, I suggest, are complementary rather than contradictory. Nevertheless, they play a role in conversion from Catholicism to Protestantism and vice versa, and understanding the differences will facilitate ecumenical relationships.


A.-(a) Dust in a hospital ward consists largely of particles of fabrics from the patients' beds; when these fabrics are contaminated by secretions or discharges the dust arising from them, and the air when dust is formed or disturbed as by bed-making or floor-sweeping, can be shown to contain surprisingly large numbers of pathogenic bacteria. That oiling, by causing such particles to stick together in indispersible masses, much reduces aerial contamination and actually reduces the amount of cross-infection has been fully proved. Papers which should be consulted are those of Thomas and Van den Ende (Journal, 1941, 1, 953), Van den Ende and Thomas (Lancet. 1941, 2, 755), Thomas (ibid., 1941, 2, 123), Van den Ende, Edward, and Lush (ibid., 1941, 1, 716), and Wright, Cruickshank, and Gunn (Journal, 1944, 1, 611). These contain information about methods, which cannot be detailed here, as well as results. The oiling of floors is simple and inexpensive, and requires repetition only at intervals of three or four weeks: the treatment of blankets and garments is much more difficult and expensive and requires skilled laundry co-operation. The only present-day use of both processes of which we have knowledge is in the Burns Unit of the Birmingham Accident Hospital, although it may well be that other hospitals use them. The oiling of floors only has been continued at the L.C.C. NorthWestern Hospital (where the observations of Wright et al. quoted above were made), in the wards of the Facio-Maxillary Unit, Hill End Hospital, St. Albans, and doubtless elsewhere. It should perhaps be pointed out that this method of dealing with infecteddust is only one of many precautions, some alternative to it, whereby the risks of cross-infection may be diminished. (b) Most of the information asked for in this question can be found in the memorandum " Studies in Air Hygiene " (Spec. Rep. Ser. med. Res. Coun., Lond., No. 262, 1948), which was the subject of a leading article in the Journal for September 17, 1949 (p. 640). The best method of aerial disinfection depends on many circumstances not specified in the question. For temporary use in an emergency such as an air-borne epidemic, and in premises where elaborate installations employing ultraviolet light or glycol vapours are out of the question, it is true that sodium hypochlorite is the best agent available.


To carry out all-round well-off society according to the view of scientific development, we should sets forth the concept of the quality and the quantity of the statistical data based on the meaning of the all-round well-off society. Considering the quality of the content of statistical data and the expression of statistical data and the restraint on the statistical data, this paper discusses the assessment standards of the quality of statistical data and the index system of assessment. This index system consist of three parts, they are economic development , social development and living quality index which formed by 34 variables. Finally it analyzes the process of all-round well-off society in two years recently by the method of comprehensive index, and puts forward related policy suggestion.


Tumors flip out from TNF injections. Unfortunately, bodies do too. [Huys et al.][1] discover that blocking type 1 interferons (IFNs) prevents TNF-induced shock but leaves its tumor-fighting activities intact.

![Figure][2]

Absence of type 1 interferons protected mice from TNF-induced tissue


Purpose of reviewIt has been demonstrated that fatty acids (FAs) are physiological ligands of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs). Activation of the GPRs (40, 41, 43, 84, 119 and 120) by FAs or synthetic agonists modulates several responses. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the actions of FA-activated GPRs and their relevance in normal and pathological conditions. Recent findingsStudies have shown that FA-activated GPRs modulate hormone secretion (incretin, insulin and glucagon), activation of leukocytes and several aspects of metabolism. SummaryUnderstanding GPR actions and their involvement in the development of insulin-resistance, &bgr;-cell failure, dyslipidemia and inflammation associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases is important for the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying these pathological conditions and for the establishment of new and effective interventions.


A dopant study comparing the effect of pentavalent Nb/sup 5+/ and V/sup 5+/ modifiers on the material properties of BaTi(Mn)O/sub 3/ + SiO/sub 2/ sintered under oxidizing, reducing, and annealed conditions are presented. Dopants are applied as surface coatings to BaTiO/sub 3/ powder.


The application of item response theory (IRT) methodology to test equating has been a research topic of considerable interest in the past 2 decades. Despite the volume of research, it has been difficult to draw conclusions and make generalizations because different studies have used different types of tests, different types of samples, and different methods for assessing the accuracy of equating results. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (a) to review some of the major studies thus far and synthesize their results, (b) to discuss what questions are as yet unanswered and what problems exist with research methodology, and (c) to provide direction for future research. Whereas earlier research focused on comparing equating methods and IRT models, recent research has addressed such statistical concerns as standard errors of equating, parameter stability, and robustness of IRT models to violations of their assumptions. A major finding from the research so far is that it is unreasonable to expect a single equating method to provide the best results for equating all types of tests. Future research must determine how conditions, such as multidimensionality and test content, affect IRT equating.


Here we discuss a new idea for how to investigate experimentally the effects of alpha particles (i.e. 4He ions with energies in the range 3.9–8.8 MeV) on the structure of accessory minerals. Many accessory species (including zircon, monazite, xenotime, allanite, perovskite, and others) commonly incorporate significant amounts of the radionuclides 238U, 235U and 232Th. Alpha‐decay events in their decay chains cause displacive processes that eventually may create severe structural damage in the host mineral. This is especially the case for recoils of heavy daughter nuclei (0.06–0.16 MeV) upon emission of a high‐energy alpha particle: According to cautious estimates, 85 % of the bulk damage is caused by alpha recoils (Nasdala et al. 2001), which create highly localised damage clusters a few ten nanometres in size (Weber et al. 1994). The effect of the alpha particles themselves, however, is difficult to estimate. Alpha particles transfer most of their energy to the host lattice through so‐called ionisation losses. Atomic knock‐ons occur predominantly near the end of the He‐ion trajectories, where the alpha particles, after being slowed down significantly, may create Frenkel‐type defects. The narrow penetration‐depth region that suffers significant damage is commonly referred to as Bragg peak; its width lies in the micrometre range. The problem in investigating alpha particle damage by means of MeV He irradiation is that the target material will suffer strong radiation damage only within a correspondingly narrow "stripe" (Fig. 1).


In this paper, we present some of our recent results in the area of designing single- and dual-polarized miniaturized slot antennas. Examples of miniaturized slot antennas that are 15 to 20 times smaller than traditional dipole or patch antennas are presented and discussed. In particular two examples of miniaturized on-chip slot antennas, operating at 5.0 GHz and 9.0 GHz frequency bands, integrated with radio frequency integrated circuits on a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) chips are presented and discussed. Finally, the design and operational principles of a dual-polarized electrically small slot antenna is presented.


The paper discusses the implementation of Near Field Communication as a wireless communication technology between wearable items and mobile phones. The main focus of this paper is the design and application of NFC rings as passive tags for simple and fast interaction between a user with wearable item and NFC enabled smart phone. With the increasing growth and applications of NFC, vendors have embedded NFC tags in different items for easy access to users including key-chains, wallets, pens, stickers and even clothes. We will examine the use of wearable rings as passive NFC tags and discuss in detail the design parameters of NFC antenna used in the process. Our study will not only include the evaluation of NFC tags in small rounded wearable items like rings but will propose the ways in which wireless communication between these wearable items and active tags can be improved when communication is made at various angles. This paper will include the simulation results of the scattering parameter of NFC passive tag antenna to further explain how these parameter affects overall wireless communication of NFC in mobile phones.


Introduction: Inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) is a CD22-directed antibody-calicheamicin conjugate. Patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with InO vs standard of care chemotherapy (SC) had significantly better response, and improved survival in INO-VATE (NCT01564784). Based on central laboratory assessment, this favorable benefit-risk profile of InO was independent of leukemic blast CD22 positivity (≥90% vs <90%) and CD22 receptor density (quantified as Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorochrome, quartile analysis). As CD22 is usually assessed in local labs in clinical practice, this study uses INO-VATE data to investigate the relationship between baseline CD22 positivity assessed by local labs and the efficacy and safety of InO vs SC.
 Methods: Adult pts (≥18 yrs) with R/R CD22-positive (based on local or central lab results) ALL in salvage 1 or 2 were randomized to InO (n=164) or SC (n=162) (details: NEJM 2016;375:740-53). InO starting dose was 1.8 mg/m2/cycle (0.8 mg/m2 on Day 1; 0.5 mg/m2 on Days 8 & 15 of a 21-28-day cycle for ≤6 cycles) and reduced to 1.5 mg/m2/cycle for pts with complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi). SC included fludarabine/cytarabine [Ara-C]/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Ara-C plus mitoxantrone, or high-dose Ara-C. CD22 positivity (% of leukemic blasts expressing CD22) was measured at screening by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. Efficacy (CR/CRi, minimal residual disease [MRD, assessed in central labs] among responders, overall survival [OS], progression-free survival [PFS], and duration of remission [DoR]) and safety outcomes were analyzed by CD22 positivity quartiles, Quartile 1 (Q1) having the lowest and Q4 the highest CD22 positivity. Data cutoff: 04Jan2017. P-values are 1-sided.
 Results: Baseline CD22 positivity per local lab was available for 152 pts per arm. CD22 positivity (%) was comparable between treatment arms for each quartile; median (range) was 21.9 (1.0-39.4) for InO vs 23.9 (0.0-39.0) for SC in Q1, 55.5 (40.0-68.9) vs 56.3 (40.0-66.0) in Q2, 84.0 (70.0-92.0) vs 84.0 (70.0-92.9) in Q3, and 98.0 (93.0-100.0) for both arms in Q4. CR/CRi rates showed no difference among quartiles in the InO (P=0.5906) or SC arm (P=0.2061), and were significantly higher with InO vs SC for all quartiles (Q1: 81.6% vs 41.2%, P=0.0002; Q2: 68.4% vs 36.8%, P=0.0029; Q3: 73.2% vs 27.0%, P<0.0001; Q4: 77.1% vs 20.9%, P<0.0001) (Figure). MRD negativity rates in responders were also higher with InO vs SC and the differences in the lower quartiles (Q1-Q3) were significant (Q1: 87.1% vs 50.0%, P=0.0121; Q2: 69.2% vs 21.4%, P=0.0048; Q3: 66.7% vs 30.0%, P=0.0486; Q4: 77.8% vs 55.6%, P=0.1930) (Figure). PFS, DoR, and OS were longer with InO vs SC. The benefit of InO over SC was more evident in the higher quartiles (Q2-4); hazard ratio (97.5% Cl) was 0.44 (0.31-0.61) for PFS, 0.53 (0.31-0.88) for DoR, and 0.71 (0.52-0.99) for OS (Table).
 Cytopenias were the most common ≥grade 3 adverse events in the InO arm, with similar rates across the quartiles (Q1-Q4: neutropenia: 52.6%, 47.4%, 39.0%, and 48.6%; thrombocytopenia: 34.2%, 44.7%, 46.3%, and 31.4%; febrile neutropenia: 15.8%, 28.9%, 29.3%, and 34.3%). Rates of ≥grade 3 infections were 21.1%, 26.3%, 36.6%, and 31.4% for Q1-Q4. In InO-treated pts, rates of ≥grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia were similar for the lower quartiles (Q1-Q3: 5.3%, 7.9%, and 2.4%; 11.4% for Q4); rates of ≥grade 3 veno-occlusive liver disease (VOD)/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) within 2 years of randomization regardless of causality were 13.2%, 7.9%, 7.3%, and 17.1% in Q1-Q4, respectively; 3 grade 5 VOD/SOS events occurred in Q1, 2 in Q4, and 0 in Q2 and Q3.
 Conclusions: In general, the results showed improvement in measures of efficacy for InO over SC that was comparable across all 4 CD22 positivity quartiles per local lab assessments. For DoR, PFS, and OS, there was a suggestion of greater benefit for pts in higher CD22 positivity quartiles treated with InO, though these analyses are limited by the small sample size. These trends are in alignment with those previously presented for central lab CD22 positivity and receptor density (Blood 2017;130[Suppl 1]:1272). Overall, InO demonstrated a favorable benefit/risk profile for pts with R/R B cell precursor ALL independent of local lab CD22 positivity.

 Kantarjian: Actinium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astex: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Cyclacel: Research Funding; Ariad: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Research Funding; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz Pharma: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Immunogen: Research Funding. Stock:Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; UpToDate: Honoraria; Research to Practice: Honoraria; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite, a Gilead Company: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Cassaday:Seattle Genetics: Other: Spouse's disclosure: employment, stock and other ownership interests. DeAngelo:Celgene: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals Inc: Consultancy; Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Abbvie: Research Funding; Shire: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; GlycoMimetics: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Blueprint: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy. Jabbour:Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cyclacel LTD: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Adaptive: Consultancy, Research Funding. O'Brien:Sunesis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Eisai: Consultancy; Acerta: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Alexion: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Aptose Biosciences, Inc: Consultancy; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Kite: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy; Regeneron: Research Funding; Verastem: Consultancy; Vaniam Group LLC: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy. Stelljes:Novartis: Honoraria; MDS: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Wang:Pfizer: Employment, Equity Ownership. Paccagnella:Pfizer: Employment, Equity Ownership. Nguyen:Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary: Employment; Novartis: Equity Ownership. Sleight:Pfizer: Employment, Equity Ownership. Vandendries:Pfizer: Employment, Equity Ownership. Neuhof:Pfizer: Employment, Equity Ownership. Laird:Pfizer: Employment, Equity Ownership. Advani:Amgen: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Macrogenics: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Glycomimetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.


Since its publication two decades ago, I've always maintained that Cindy Weber's Faking It has been criminally underappreciated.1 I consider it to be one of the most original and creative critiques of US foreign policy and, more implicitly, existing scholarly approaches to US foreign policy. Examining almost four decades of American engagement in the Caribbean (1959-94), Weber deftly weaves traditional IR theory, feminist analysis, Lacanian psychoanalysis, Queer Theory interventions and hefty doses of humour to produce a wide-ranging yet surprisingly coherent and focused narrative. It is an exemplary intervention into the field of IR, and one that I use regularly in the classroom at my undergraduate institution. While my colleagues in this forum provide excellent insights regarding Faking It's scholarly merit, in this essay I reflect on a few of the ways the book has helped enable radical pedagogy in my classroom, exemplifying what bell hooks calls 'teaching to transgress'.2


A general inhomogenity of news agencies markes the discrepancy between definions of a news agency, the function of news agencies, and the closeness of news agencies to other news outlets among the mass media. Different cases give evidence that these differences exist in internationally operating news agencies. We argue with two claims accessing the contemporary situation: a) we rely on the perspective of classic analysis of the sender and receiver(s) of a message in a communication model and b) special interest groups as connected segments of subnetworks in the mass media industry. We will examine several worldwide operating news agencies with internet presence regarding their self-description, their role in mass media communication, and classic definitions of news agencies. After examining several cases, we will show the general common roles of news agencies in the mass media network. The variety of news agencies results in differentiated forms of these distributors. While major news agencies work as contributors of information for other mass media and thus technically fulfill the role of a news agency, smaller agencies have the declared aim to cover 'special interest' serving as a conterpoint to mainstream news agencies. News agencies participate in linear and circular distribution forms we classify here as 'frames of the news' and 'spirals of silence'. Our examination shows that news agencies as producing and delivering organizations for the mass media work with high self-reference and reference to other mass media. KEY WORS: news agencies, mass media industry, worldwide operating news agencies, internet, distribution forms, 'frames of the news' and 'spirals of silence'


Abstract The through thickness residual stress of an eight pass butt welded plate joint is evaluated using inherent strain analysis. The residual stress distribution is obtained in detail along the thickness direction from measurements using multiple strain gauges. The residual stresses agree with the results of the thermal elastic–plastic analysis as well as the values obtained by direct measurement of the specimen surface, which is not used in inherent strain analysis. These results indicate that both inherent strain analysis and thermal elastic–plastic analysis are effective in evaluating through thickness residual stress. Therefore, each analysis method should be chosen after considering the object to be evaluated and the characteristics to be analysed.


Prince Sheren and Prince Zhong Sheren were top members in the ranked list of prince officials and their roles had a rapid development in Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties.Being state officers during this period was one of the important manifestations.Their responsibilities and qualifications were changed significantly within this period.In terms of responsibilities,the responsible area and job duties of these titles expanded.In terms of qualification,powerful family background is required for holding these posts in this period while this is not the case in Three Kingdoms period.Hence these two titles had become very popular among the nobles and gentry.This situation were reversed in Chen Dynasty and leaded to changes in official system mainly because of the decline of gentry in Southern Dynasties.


We present a model based on the direct reaction concept which is able to describe the fusion cross section consistently throughout the entire range of the measured energies from the sub-barrier region to the very high energies where the cross section decreases linearly as the inverse of the center of mass energy. The model is applied to the fusion reaction of $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ with $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ where Harmon et al. measured the cross section at energies up to three times the Coulomb barrier.


OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate sleep pattern and excessive daytime sleepiness in diabetic patients.
 BACKGROUND:
Previous studies suggest that diabetic patients may have more difficulties with sleep than the general population. The sleep problems may not only be due to obstructive sleep apneas, but also due to the other clinical and social factors.
 METHODS:
One-hundred-one individuals with diabetes (11 type 1) were randomly recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinic. Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep pattern were evaluated with Epworth scale (ES) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Simple logistic model for excessive daytime sleepiness (ES score 蠅10) and clinically moderate to severe insomnia (ISI蠅15) were performed in patients with type 2 diabetes based on age, disease duration, education and presence of neuropathic pain.
 RESULTS:
Participants with diabetes type 2 were significantly older (62±15 vs. 35±14; all years) with shorter disease duration (10±8 vs. 17±7; all years) than patients with diabetes type 1. Mean ES (5.3± 4.3 vs. 4.6± 2.5) and ISI (10.3±6.7 vs. 9.2±7) score were non-significantly higher in type 2 diabetes. Twenty-six percent of individuals with diabetes type 2 suffered from neuropathic limb pain; 13[percnt] scored 蠅10 on ES and 20[percnt] 蠅15 on ISI. None of the patients with type 1 diabetes scored 10 on ES and only two patients had 蠅15 ISI. There was a week correlation between ES and ISI (rho=0.212; p<0.05).
Variables which predicted clinically moderate to severe insomnia were age and chronic limb pain (model fit 82[percnt]), while excessive daytime sleepiness was predicted only by higher education (model fit 80[percnt]).
 CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that insomnia in random diabetic patients is more prevalent than excessive daytime sleepiness. Older patients with chronic pain have a poorer quality of sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness in our diabetic patients may be due to life style and not due to diabetes per se. Disclosure: Dr. Rakusa has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc. as a speaker. Dr. Rakusa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cokolic has nothing to disclose.


The treasurers of Italian commercial banks manage liquidity mainly by short-term interbank operations in lira. After the introduction of a telematic domestic money market, such operations cannot be planned effectively without computer support. The planning of liquidity flows and the exploitation of arbitrage opportunities cannot be done by sheer calculations since future trends can be predicted only by wide knowledge and experience. On the other hand, the discovery of good but counter-intuitive solutions requires mathematical techniques rather than heuristic search. The authors have therefore developed a hybrid system, SEPT, which combines expert system rules and mathematical optimization. SEPT has been installed in several banks; some improvements and extensions are under consideration.<<ETX>>


This paper investigates the use of image content analysis and image clustering techniques to organize an image database and to determine low-level features and semantic meanings for indexing and retrieval. A robust image retrieval system consisting of semantic classification, composite indexing and interactive query is proposed under this framework. In this system, a large image collection with great varieties is categorized into different classes according to distinct characteristics. The semantics of feature descriptors and the relationship between feature descriptors and image contents are then explored. Finally, a composite indexing and interactive retrieval procedure using low-level features and high-level understanding is developed to achieve a robust image query performance.


In this study, a carbon-based polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer (PP-elastomer) composite for current collectors of an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) was successfully prepared. The volume resistivity of the PP-elastomer composite was 0.47 Ω cm. Its tensile strength and elongation at break were 6.6 MPa and 250%, respectively. In addition, the good flow property in processing means this composite has potential for the mass industrial production of current collectors. The single cell and the cell stack of a VRB equipped with the composite current collectors were assembled for battery tests, including cyclic voltammetry, long-term performance, long-term stability, and oxidation corrosion. To evaluate the stability and the performance of the cell stack under a long-term operating condition, tests with more than 2300 charge–discharge cycles were carried out. The coulombic efficiency (CE) and voltage efficiency (VE) of the cell stack were maintained at around 93% and 80% during 2300 charge–discharge cycles, and energy efficiency (EE) held at around 75%. The results proved that a VRB equipped with composite current collectors has good stability and performance. Furthermore, long-term corrosion tests indicated that the PP-elastomer composite could endure the strong corrosion of pentavalent vanadium and concentrated sulfuric acid. The composite materials prepared in this study are more suitable than other materials for producing the current collectors. The corrosion resistance of composite materials is much better than that of the graphite, and the mechanism is also discussed.


Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) is a difficult situation among women of all ages. The repeated and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the development of increased resistance to antibiotics, ensuring the need to explore new therapeutic agents for prevention and reduction of rUTI. reviews suggested that probiotics are safe and effective in preventing rUTIs, so this study was aimed to detect sensitivity of Escherichia coli which isolated from women whose suffered from rUTIs and evaluated the Antibiofilms activity of live cell-free culture from probiotic isolate of Lb . plantarum and Lb. rhamnosus GG. Sixty seven urine samples were collected from women with rUTI in Female and Children Educational Hospital in Samawa cityIraq under described and supervision of a specialist doctor. Samples were surveyed and examined for the presence of the Escherichia coli, biochemical tests were then carried out, including sugar fermentation, indole test, citrate, catalase, methyl red, Voges Proskauer, urease production. 25 isolates belonging to E. coli, all isolates appeared multi resistance to antibiotics, 22 isolates were formed biofilms, live cellsfree culture of Lb. plantarum and Lb. rhamnosus GG shown Antibiofilms activity. live cell-free culture of Lb. plantarum was the best in inhibiting the formation of biofilm for E. coli isolates.


Animal associates of zoanthidsPalythoa mutuki and Zoanthus sansibaricus of Lawson's Bay rocky shores of Visakhapatnam were recorded in the present study. P. mutuki and Z. sansibaricus were found distributed along the upper mid-littoral zone of the rocky shores, 21 species and four larval forms belonging to five Phyla (Porifera, Annelida, Arthropod, Mollusca and Echinodermata) were recorded. The diversity of organisms associated with P. mutuki was more than with Z. sansibaricus.


The current study is a continuation of our effort to characterize the details of flow interaction between two cylinders in a tandem configuration. This configuration is viewed to possess many of the pertinent flow features of the highly interactive unsteady flow field associated with the main landing gear of large civil transports. The present effort extends our previous two-dimensional, unsteady, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes computations to three dimensions using a quasilaminar, zonal approach, in conjunction with a two-equation turbulence model. Two distinct separation length-to-diameter ratios of L/D = 3.7 and 1.435, representing intermediate and short separation distances between the two cylinders, are simulated. The Mach 0.166 simulations are performed at a Reynolds number of Re = 1.66 105 to match the companion experiments at NASA Langley Research Center. Extensive comparisons with the measured steady and unsteady surface pressure and off-surface particle image velocimetry data show encouraging agreement. Both prominent and some of the more subtle trends in the mean and fluctuating flow fields are correctly predicted. Both computations and the measured data reveal a more robust and energetic shedding process at L/D = 3.7 in comparison with the weaker shedding in the shorter separation case of L/D = 1.435. The vortex shedding frequency based on the computed surface pressure spectra is in reasonable agreement with the measured Strouhal frequency.


Using hydrocarbon generation kinetics simulation experiment, chloroform extracts of tertiary source rocks from the west of Qaidam Basin were investigated. Experimental results show that the quantity of chloroform extracts did not coincide with classical law of hydrocarbon generation kinetics and could not be analyzed with the model of kinetics. This may be due to generation of organic acid salt in the simulation experiment. Generation of chloroform extracts of source rocks from the west of Qaidam Basin can be shown as follows: organic precursors→organic acid salt→extracts and/or organic precursors→extracts.


The Republic of Turkey occupies a unique geographical and cultural position at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Turkey has a total land area of 78 million hectares and a population is about 70 m illion. Approximately one third of the land is arable, and 26 percent of the population lives in rural areas. Since the formation of the modern state of Turkey in 1923, th e economy has been grown rapidly. However, economic growth slowed in the mid-1990s in the wake of a fis cal and monetary crisis. There are wide disparities in income between the more prosperous, industrialized parts o f the country in the west and south-west, and the l ess developed provinces in the rest of Turkey. In 2007, gross national income was USD 5500 per capita. Turkey's economy mostly depends on agricultural sector rather than industry and services. Even Turkish industry is commonly agricultural manufacturing, so economic development of Turkey will pick up speed whenever agricultural development exists in Turkey. Agricultural production has to be raised at least double times in Turkey because of the fast growing populat ion In order to feed fast growing population of Tur key, in recent years, modern agricultural technologies, irr igation systems, environment friendly fertilizers, quality seeds, and agricultural credits has being applied in Turke y's agriculture. All those inputs need to be used b y knowledgeable farmers in order to get sufficient re sults. Turkey's farms have been obtained a family business and small scale. Day to day, youths are not intere sting in agriculture in Turkey as well as like developing co untries. Almost 8 millions employee work in agricul ture and about 60% of them are female in Turkey. In agricult ure, women have been striving the agricultural acti vities and besides their house-works. Women are drawers in agricultural development for Turkey. Whenever the women get good education, they could be affecting her hus band and children. They can also be very sensitive about their agricultural environmental production. The overall objective of this study was to examine factors influencing accessibility of women to Agric ultural Extension Services in Konya. The second purpose of the study was to investigate specific needs and int erests of women.


I recently discharged a patient who repeatedly abused his medications by taking more than I prescribed, although I didn't state this in the termination letter. But now he insists that we give a reason, in writing, and wants to schedule an exit interview. How should we handle his demands?


The paper proposes an improved network-based positioning technique based on database correlation and presents the application of the proposed technique to GSM. The fingerprint database is created using field measurements and a novel and a more practical method for gathering fingerprints is introduced. The authors propose a Weighted k-Nearest Neighbor (WkNN) method for location estimation and the trial results obtained in urban and suburban environments in Sri Lanka are presented. Comparison with the Geometrical method shows that the proposed method is a competitive alternative for GSM location.


We evaluate the impact of the double-dip Spanish recession (2008–2014) on self-rated health. We analyse four waves of the Bank of Spain's Survey of Household Finances (2005, 2008, 2011 and 2014) and document significant differences in the probability of reporting poor self-rated health depending on age and gender. Even after adjusting for socio-economic factors, we still find remarkable inequalities among the demographic groups. Given our results, we discuss the link between financial wealth and self-rated health and how policy-makers could address health inequalities that arise from adverse economic and financial shocks


A new manipulator control technique is being investigated with potential for improving equipment life and productivity without requiring more operator training. It can retrofit to multi-link machines like backhoes and excavators. A master-slave control configuration is used with PDF feedback. It should be faster than conventional controls because the operator can move all actuators simultaneously. The movements should be smooth because the actuators work together much like the muscles in a human arm. By continually measuring link position and velocity, acceleration and the resulting bearing forces may be quickly calculated to avoid failure.


Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in a Jordanian cohort. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of all subjects' blood samples that were analysed at Princess Iman Centre for Research and Laboratory Sciences at King Hussein Medical Centre in Amman-Jordan, from 1/9/2016 to 28/2/2017. A total of 3007 subjects were included in the study. A single 10 ml One blood sample was collected, from each subject, into gel separator (with clot activator) tube. After samples were allowed to clot, samples were centrifuged at room temperature, and the sera were collected in cap-closed tubes. Samples were analysed for vitamin D level using the electrochemiluminescence/magnetic particle method by Cobas e411 analyzer (Roche, Japan/Germany), which provides a wide measuring range and excellent low-end sensitivity. Gender and age groups differences in vitamin D levels were tested and compared using ANOVA test. Results: Subjects were divided into four categories according to the result of vitamin D as follows: the optimal, adequate, insufficient, and deficient. 1208 (40.17%) subjects were deficient, 833 (27.7%) insufficient, 512 (17.02%) adequate, and 454 (15.11%) were optimal. In females (total of 2297) optimal vitamin D level were 349 (15.19 %), adequate were 386 (16.80 %), insufficient were 574 (24.98 %), and deficient were 988 (43.01 %). In males (total of 710) optimal were 105(14.8%), adequate were 126 (17.75%), insufficient 259 (36.48%), and deficient were 220 (30.97%). Results showed statistically significant differences in vitamin D levels between males and females as well as between children and adults; females had deficiency (43.01%) more than males (30.97%) with a P-value of 0.039, children (41.17%) more than adults (40.05 %) with a P-


The misfire phenomenon is particularly unfavourable in aircraft engines because it affects the stability and reliability of work. This paper presents the algorithm for detecting ignition failure in a radial aircraft engine. The Crankshaft Velocity Fluctuation method was applied, which consists in analysing changes in the crankshaft speed signal as a function of time. A zero-dimensional model of the aircraft engine was developed in order to perform the research. The validation of the model was performed using the results from the test bench. The model was subjected to simulation tests in fixed operating conditions. Based on the engine speed signal obtained as a result of the simulation, the normalized second derivative of the signal was determined based on the adopted algorithm. On the basis of this derivative, a criterion was defined to assess the occurrence of the misfire phenomenon. The results of the calculations can be compared in future with the results of the real engine tests.


In this paper, we investigated the existence of positive integer \%x\% in the equality \%σ(F\-n)=σ(x)=F\-n+\\%, and discussed range of real number \%a\%, where \%F\-n\% is Fermat number and \%σ(n)=∑d|nd


In view of such outcomes of the performance pay practice at primary healthcare institutions as decline of motivation of medical workers, the county explored the mechanism of graded performance appraisal and allocation, against the macro background of ceiling setting for the total of performance pay and"balance subsidy and total amount control"fiscal policy.The following measures are taken, namely a"dual linkage"to relate the performance appraisal outcome of a township hospital with both allocation of fiscal subsidy and setting of the merit-based performance pay standard per person; higher ratio of merit-based performance pay; floating of the performance pay level per person for the institution in question; separation of the performance pay of the chief leader from others; and subsidies for remote mountainous areas.It is proposed by the author to build a routine increase mechanism for both the total of performance pay and fiscal subsidies, to combine specific subsidy with pay for services, and to join funding compensation with service performance.These measures are expected to create a new mechanism for performance pay allocation, featuring more pay for more work and more pay for better performance.

Key words:
Zhejiang province; Primary healthcare institution; Performance pay; Performance appraisal; Allocation mechanism


A new digital heterodyne filter is proposed that allows a prototype IIR or FIR filter to be shifted through the entire range of digital frequencies from DC to the Nyquist frequency. The unique properties of this new tunable filter are the range of tunability and the fact that all images created by the heterodyne process are cancelled. The proposed heterodyne filter is suitable both as a tunable filter and for use with standard adaptive algorithms to design adaptive digital filters-especially adaptive notch filters.


Asking questions – questioning – is a medium through which we clarify our thinking as well as others'. Questioning is also a medium through which we begin to oppose the current system. An important space for questioning is academia. When students ask critical questions to their educators, this practice becomes a form of students' active participation in their learning process. Besides, the vast majority of students are future workers (and many of them are indeed already workers), so developing a critical perspective on society is crucial to their lives as workers. To the extent that some of them might wish to become what Gramsci would call the organic intellectuals of the masses, then what kind of questions might they ask their educations that might expose the biases of their educators, that might aid their own learning process, and that might indeed make learning a collaborative process between students and teachers? The article suggests that these questions centre on the class character of the society in which we live.


Based on the advantages and quality defects of ready-mixed concrete,the factors impacted on the quality of ready-mixed concrete were discussed.It researched the main aspects of the quality control techniques from the performance of ready-mixed concrete and control and management of construction.


An Overview of the city derived from the process of architectural design. Competition for the Film Theatre and Library of Catalonia

This discussion proposes an overview of the city derived from the process of architectural design. In it the concept of a city which exists implicitly in the sketches of buildings the urban context is deciphered.
In this research only ideas competitions are analysed. The specific context of them allows for an effective comparison in different ways of seeing. In these study cases, varied visions of the city are advanced in relation to identical locations and programmes. We focus on the Competition of Film Library of Catalonia convened in 2004.
First, we study the previous urban context, of the building in Barcelona. Secondly, we catalogue and graphically analyse the material of each of the teams. We determine the point of view chosen in relation to the city. And finally we map the real city, the represented and the imagined.
In conclusion, there is an evolution from the abstraction of the render to the photomontage. This introduces the concept of the city "photoshop" enunciated by Koolhaas. Graphic design not only describes architecture, and hence the city, but reflections and advertisements are part of its conceptual essence. These changing facades present their reference in the building-advertisement of Venturi and incorporate the city of mirrors of Baudrillard.


This dissertation contains a detailed research of new types of Silicon Photomultipliers which have been developed at the beginning of this century. The author was responsible for measuring new types of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) which were planned to be used as photosensors in the new calorimeter—ECAL0 in COMPASS experiment in CERN. The prototype of the calorimeter was equipped with Micropixel Avalanche Photodiodes (MAPD detectors from Zecotek), the final detector uses MPPC S12572-010 photosensors from Hamamatsu. First chapter contains a detailed description of both detectors and examples of their usage in high energy physics experiments. To perform measurements and simulations of detectors, a special automated system with low noise front-end electronics has been designed. The thesis contains a description of the system which consists of three subsystems: low noise front-end electronics with data acquisition system, light source and light spot positioning system and temperature regulation system. Work contains a detailed description and schematic of discrete-elements-based charge sensitive amplifier (CSA). Electrical models of both MAPD and MPPC detectors have been proposed and confirmed with electrical measurements of impedance. A set of histogram based measurements has been performed. The main measured parameters are: electron gain, dark rate, relative photon detection efficiency and correlated noise. A new quenching mechanism of MAPD detector was a motivation to measure and analyse the recovery time. The results have shown that MAPD has very long recovery time and non-exponential recovery characteristic. Electron gain measurements showed that electron gain calculated from dark pulses is smaller due to long recovery time. A special care has been taken to measure the parameters uniformity of detectors. One chapter contains results of spacial distribution of parameters measured with both CSA and fast amplifier. Results of scans with histogram collection showed that the PDE (Photon Detection Efficiency) of MAPD is changing over the surface of the detector. Scans of signal shape revealed that the shape of the MAPD signal is dependent on the position of light flux due to thin contact layer. The simulation of contact layer has been performed and compared with measurement data. A big part of this thesis is a model description and Monte Carlo simulations of Geiger discharge probability in SiPM detector. The model has been based on the MPPC detector. The simulation results contain Geiger discharge probability dependency on the applied supply voltage and the position of primary charge and spectral sensitivity simulation of the model. The results of this work could be very useful for experiments willing to use new types of SiPM photosensors in new detectors systems.


Genetic algorithms (GAs), based on a multipoint search method and a crossover operation, are useful search procedures for combinatorial optimization problems. They also are applied to many kinds of practical optimization problem. However, in general, the GAs have a tendency to decrease rapidly of population diversities in processes of searching. In order to address this drawback, some researchers have proposed new algorithms for maintaining the population diversity. On the other hand, immune algorithms (IAs) are optimization techniques that imitate immune systems in an organism. The IAs are able to obtain a multiple quasi-optimum solution while maintaining the population diversity compared with GAs. In this paper, in order to consider the application of the IAs to optimum structural design problems, we developed a useful design support system for reinforced concrete (RC) slabs by combining a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear dynamic finite element method (FEM) and an improved immune algorithm (IA). For the analysis of impact failure behavior of RC slabs, layered nonlinear FEM models with thin plate bending elements, and 3D elastoplastic FEM models with eight-node isoparametric hexahedral elements were used. First, an existing IA was modified to make it suitable for RC slab design, and both genetic and immune algorithms were applied to optimization problems with multiple optimum solutions. This modified IA was also applied to quasi-optimization problems with multiple maximum values. By comparing the above two approaches, the usefulness of the IA for design problems with discrete parameters was verified. Next, indices for evaluating impact resistance were discussed, and design simulation was conducted, based on these indices, by combining the layered nonlinear FEM and the IA. From results obtained, the accuracy and usefulness of the IA-based design support system were discussed. For obtaining a more practical design support system, shear reinforcement will be taken into account by combining the IA with the 3D elastoplastic FEM. Furthermore, the effectiveness and future potential of the design support system were confirmed by investigating an effect of introducing a database of design plans.


Rare-earth ions play an important role in modern technology as optically active elements in solid-state luminescent materials. In many of these materials, interactions between the electronic band states of the host crystal and the rare-earth ion's localized 4f N and 4f N−1 5d states influence the material's optical properties. The importance of these interactions is discussed for material applications in photon-gated hole burning, quantum information and phosphors. Material dependent trends in the relative binding energies of the 4f N states and the host bands have been observed and are summarized. An empirical model for the ion dependence of the 4f electron binding energies is formulated in terms of atomic number and compared with previous models. These models are extended to describe the 4f N−1 5d states with one additional parameter. Improved estimates for the free-ion ionization potentials used in the model are also presented and discussed.


The natural emotion plays a significant role in human behavior. Current research in AI shows an increasing interest in artificial emotion for developing the human-like agent. In this paper a survey of basic issues of artificial emotion from the engineering point of view is given, briefly introducing several emotion models with emphasis on typical implementations of artificial emotion-based agent architecture. Research on artificial emotion is reflected in the human-computer interaction (HCI) such as emotion identification and emotion expression, the action mechanism of emotion also influences the control architecture and algorithm design of the intelligent agent. The emotion-based architecture being hybrid-layered emphasizes the Unks between emotion and other processes to enhance adaptive capability of agents in a dynamic environment. In the architecture the central role of artificial emotion is incarnated mainly in two aspects: First, the artificial emotion is the basis of connecting internal status of an agent with its external situation, and emotion affects the whole process of information processing, including both the quick response in an emergency and the complicated reasoning for planning a task; Second, the artificial emotion as an endogenous teaching device plays a crucial role in the learning process, stimulating an agent to create more complex behavioral functions. Embedding artificial emotion in the architecture is essential for agents to be more intelligent and personalized.


An experimental measurement of radiatively heated iron plasma transmission spectra was performed on Shenguang II laser facility. In the measurement, the self-emission spectrum, the backlighting spectrum, and the absorption spectrum were imaged with a flat filed grating and recorded on a gated micro channel plate detector to obtain the time-resolved transmission spectra in the range 10–20 Å (approximately 0.6–1.3keV). Experimental results are compared with the calculation results of an unsolved transition array (UTA) code. The time-dependent relative shift in the positions of the 2p−3d transmission array is interpreted in terms of the plasma temperature variations.


The advent of a Human Being as creation of Nature, it took a long time to make this Earth habitable but with a very small passage of time, the Humans made this earth inhabitable by emitting carbon dioxide and other elements. During the last few years or decades, across the Globe there is a Climatic Change and the Scientists have suggested that the main cause of the Climatic Change is the increasing level of Carbon dioxide in the Environment. What does the Carbon dioxide does?


This article explores nation-making at the intersection of the imagination and practice of national capital cities, portraiture, and the politics of recognition. Specifically examining Canberra's National Portrait Gallery as a national cultural institution, it seeks to account for the development of the Gallery as a place of portraiture and the Australian national politics of historical recognition. After situating the Gallery generally in the context of the development of national cultural institutions as a practice of national capital city and nation-state production and reproduction, it then briefly examines the role of particular contingencies and the specific imagination of national portrait galleries in the 'Anglosphere' in producing the Gallery. I subsequently then explore the development of the Gallery as a visual-material national centre through its built accommodation and its discursive framing, along with its practice in the field of portraiture intersecting with the building of a Australian national history through the recognition of individuals. The article concludes by emphasising that while the Gallery is a place of national pasts, presents and futures, it should be stressed that it, and Canberra's other national cultural institutions, are also very much spatial products (and producers) of particular spatial imaginations and practices of nationality and the urban.


We read with great interest the paper of Rathinam et al . [1] on the importance of a multidisciplinary team for the selection and outcome of patients undergoing lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for the management of advanced emphysema.LVRSisa more invasive procedure compared with bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) and thus the adequate control of postoperative pain becomes crucial to outcome. Thoracic surgery is one of the riskiest procedures that often leads to chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) with an incidence rate ranging from 14 to 83% [2]. CPSP is a debilitating symptom that may limit chest wall movement with negative effects on respiratory activity, especially in thoracic surgery patients. That may be further ampli fi ed in emphysematous patients who have a compromised respiratory activity due to lung hyperin fl ation and structural changes of the chest wall and the diaphragm. Despite most of patients reported by the authors in Ref. [1] being treated with a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) procedure ( n =268), in a recent survey of Dutch thoracic surgery patients, 47% of the VATS patients reported chronic pain [3]. Peng et al . [2] showed that postoperative chest drain duration >4 days and dif-ferent strategy for pain control were signi fi cant predictive factors for CPSP after thoracic surgery regardless of whether thoracotomy or VATS was performed.


Dust particles generated in low temperature plasmas as used for microelectronics fabrication are often agglomerates of smaller monodisperse particles. The transport of these agglomerates, and the subsequent contamination of surfaces, depends on the details of ion-momentum transfer (ion drag) to, and electrostatic forces on, the agglomerate. Given that the charge distribution on the surface of the agglomerate and local electric fields in the vicinity of the agglomerate depend on its shape, the subsequent forces on the agglomerate will also be a function of shape. In this article, we describe results from a simulation in which plasma transport around, and the charging of, agglomerates are investigated. We find that the charge distribution on the agglomerates is generally nonuniform, a consequence of both shadowing and charge depletion. The ion-momentum transfer cross section, calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation, also depends on the shape of the agglomerate.


This paper presents the design and implementation of opportunistic file-associations, designed to decouple the storage and handling of user files in a mobile device. A file with an opportunistic file-association is not limited to a local application environment on a mobile device. Rather, the runtime environment supporting opportunistic file associations causes a user file to be opened at the most appropriate device in the environment of the user


Chronic leg ulceration affects 1–2% of the population and is associated with poor healing, frequent ulcer recurrence, and significant morbidity. Venous reflux can be identified in more than 70% of ulcerated legs. Coexistent arterial disease may be a factor in up to 20% of patients, but the clinical significance is poorly understood. We describe a patient who presented with a lower-limb ulcer, which was treated as a misdiagnosed case of venous ulcer for 12 years, following femoral pseudoaneurysm ligation.


With reference to a typical metropolitan village the research identifies two major community groups along a number of social and behavioural dimensions and delimits the territorial extent of each within the village space. Inter-group differences in life-style are found to be related to the residents' assessments of their individual quality of life. A structural model of life satisfaction is employed to determine the actual components of a good life for each of the communities in the settlement. Finally, the practical merits of a subjective viewpoint for social planning are demonstrated. IN many of the rural areas of Britain which experienced a net loss of population in the nineteenth century the trend has been reversed in the post-war period as tens of thousands of families have moved by choice from the cities to villages within commuting distance. Woodruffe (1976) has recently mapped these population movements for the inter-censal periods 1951i-61 and 1961-7i; but as early as 1963 Bracey was able to observe that 'most rural areas within thirty kilometres of a sizeable town now report increases in their residential population'. The dormitory settlements which have grown almost solely because of such out-migration from central cities have been termed metropolitan villages (Masser and Stroud, 1965). Within the metropolitan village the great divisor, in both a social and spatial sense, is class. The manner in which class divided rural communities within London's urban fringe formed the main thesis of Pahl's (1964) work in Hertfordshire, where he described how selective in-migration by middle-class commuters was creating two overlapping communities. Although both groups occupied the same geographic space the 'newcomers' lived and worked in different social and economic worlds from the established population. Similar circumstances have been reported from rural Hampshire (Hampshire C.C., 1966) and in villages close to other major English cities (Bracey, 1964; Crichton, 1965; Elias and Scotson, 1965; Thorns, 1968; Radford, 1970). Unfortunately little serious attention has been given to the situation in the remainder of the country. The number of studies which do exist allow some of the general social and spatial characteristics of metropolitan villages to be identified (Connell, 1974), but nowhere has an objective assessment been made of the quality of life experienced by the different population groups. The geographers' lack of knowledge has become particularly apparent with the recent emphasis on socially orientated research, and, in particular, the current concern with the welfare approach which at least one writer has suggested should be 'the focal point of human geography' (Smith, 1977). The main objectives of the present research were: i. To identify the number of distinct social communities within a typical metropolitan village, and to define the spatial extent or territory of each. 2. To examine the quality of life for each population group, and to determine the values assigned by each to the individual factors which constitute their general feeling of well-being. 185 This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Wed, 19 Oct 2016 03:55:41 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


Cloud Technology is most widely emerging area in today's world, especially in IT sectors. Security is also a challenging task in accessing various classes of data in cloud technology. The existing system introduced a novel key generation and authentication schemes for classes and also introduced a tri-partite authentication scheme. As the cloud data can be accesses from anywhere and these data may be of various formats or classes. Each class of data requires reauthentication of the user or client. This paper presents a novel Handover Key Management (HKM) technique for reauthentication of data classes. This new technique helps clients for ease access of different data classes with respect to prioritized data classes. While developing HKM technique, many parameters are considered are security aspects like token authentication, generating keys for encryption and decryption of data and so on.


The winter regime of the Peace River in northern British Columbia and Alberta is a determining factor for the operation of BC Hydro's Williston Reservoir. Therefore, several Fine Beam RADARSAT-1 SAR satellite images were acquired in winter / spring 2000 and 2001, and analyzed for ice types and ice-front locations. Video footage of the ice conditions on the Peace River was obtained from aerial ice observations that were conducted simultaneously with the image acquisitions. The analysis of the images was done 1) visually and 2) using an Unsupervised Fuzzy K-means Classification. By visually analyzing the images, several river ice features could be identified, including frazil pans, frazil floes, shore ice composed of frazil slush, melting ice, and brash. Juxtaposed and secondary consolidated ice could be distinguished relative from each other. Under most conditions encountered in this study, the location of the ice front coincided with the head of the complete ice cover, and was, therefore, discernible from the SAR images. Ambiguities arose from open water and freeze-over border ice. By comparison, the Unsupervised Classification broke the data into four classes, which represent river signatures ranging from open water to ice with a strong radar return. No physically existing ice types could be assigned to the three categories representing ice features. However, the spatial distribution of ice features closely matches the visible ice types on the river. User interpretation is required to derive ice types from the classification maps. This study suggests that the visual analysis of SAR imagery is very powerful for river ice type classifications, but that more effort needs to be made to further develop automated river ice classification techniques.


Developed sampling device and algorithm of digital signal processing for automated measurement of settling times of fast D/A converters is represented. The new sampling device with numerically controlled oscillators allows realizing of the different types of the time scale transformation. Using of ΣΔ A/D converter and FIFO memory allows significant simplification of the device. The equations of time scale transformation ratio and sampling step are presented. A method of using of an ideal comb filter in frequency domain to filter measurement signal has been developed. It is shown that such filtering allows significant reduction of noises of measurement signal. Results of the research of developed digital signal processing algorithm are submitted.


VLSI-based systolic arrays have been promoted for almost a decade as efficient structures for many computationally-bound algorithms, such as the large class of matrix manipulation procedures. While they are very powerful conceptually, they suffer an inherent problem of requiring an enormous I/O bandwidth to sufficiently feed and drain the computational array. Satisfying this bandwidth, however, is difficult when the systolic structure is packaged in a pin-limited current technology carrier. Results of a study of the severity of this problem are presented, and data on the maximum size and throughput performance of such an array are provided. The pin limitation problem is solved by multiplexing operands onto and off of the chip, and the performance degrading effect of such multiplexing is obvious.<<ETX>>


URING THE last decade there has been an explosion D of new knowledge and techniques in the field of he-matopoiesis. A number of hematopoietic growth factors (cy-tokines) have been identified and their genes cloned. Progress in molecular biology techniques has facilitated large-scale protein production, thereby allowing clinical trials of these cytokines. Indications for bone marrow transplantation (BMT), particularly autologous transplantation, have greatly expanded to include many oncologic conditions. Now trans-plantation of partially enriched marrow cells and use of peripheral blood progenitors are being tested in attempts to ameliorate the complications of BMT. Most recently, manipulation of human hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors , such as in vitro expansion and gene therapy, promises to herald a new era for a number of genetic and oncologic disorders. In 1983 we prepared an overview of the physiology of hematopoietic stem cells in Blood.' The current report is intended to be another brief review of stem cell physiology based largely on the studies performed in our laboratory. Therefore, it is not intended to be a comprehensive review of the vast literature on the subject of hematopoietic regulation. I hope that the model of stem cell regulation described in this review is simple and clear enough to be testable and may serve as the framework for further research and debate on this subject. The turnover of cells of the hematopoietic system in a man weighing 70 kg may be estimated to be close to 1 trillion cells per day, including 200 billion erythrocytes2 and 70 billion neutrophilic leukocyte^.^ This remarkable cell renewal process is supported by a small population of bone marrow cells termed hematopoietic stem cells. Definitions of the stem cells vary depending on the model of hematopoiesis. In general, " stem cells " are used to refer to cells that are capable of long-term reconstitution of the hematopoietic system of recipient animals. On the other hand, some of the cells that provide relatively short-term reconstitution may also be stem cells according to the stochastic (random) model to be described later. The differences in the duration of reconstitution may be the consequences of chance occurrences. Obviously stem cells must be capable of self-renewal to maintain a long-term supply of progenies and capable of differentiation into multiple hematopoietic lineages, including lymphocytes. While this concept of stem cells was established early, direct studies of the hematopoietic stem cells were hampered by the lack of specific markers …


(p < 0.0001) as the most important variables predicting better survival at diagnosis. However, in the multivariate analysis, only age ≤ 60 years (p < 0.005), male sex (p = 0.04) and ECOG <2 (p < 0.0001) were prognostic factors for better outcome. Conclusions: Steroid administration was associated with a diagnostic delay. Younger patients, ECOG < 2 and male gender were independent prognostic factors of better survival. Prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings.


The article discussesthe process of copyright formationinIndia.Development ofintellectual property rightsin Indiahas a dynamiccharacter; the national legislation is undergoingtransformationin an effort toensure the preservation ofthe balancebetween the interests ofcreators and consumersof media products, as well as to bring thelegislative instruments to international standards.Particular qualities of copyright in India are determined with active integrationof the countryinto the world economyand the courseon the developmentof Indian society.


We study first-order optimization algorithms for computing the barycenter of Gaussian distributions with respect to the optimal transport metric. Although the objective is geodesically non-convex, Riemannian GD empirically converges rapidly, in fact faster than off-the-shelf methods such as Euclidean GD and SDP solvers. This stands in stark contrast to the best-known theoretical results for Riemannian GD, which depend exponentially on the dimension. In this work, we prove new geodesic convexity results which provide stronger control of the iterates, yielding a dimension-free convergence rate. Our techniques also enable the analysis of two related notions of averaging, the entropically-regularized barycenter and the geometric median, providing the first convergence guarantees for Riemannian GD for these problems.


by BRIAN T. SHEA Departments of Anthropology and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. 60201, U.S.A. 29 xi 85 In her detailed and informative analysis of the supraorbital torus (CA 26:337-60), Russell critically reviews many previous explanations of browridge morphology in humans and other primates. Among those that she considers and rejects is an "explicitly nonmechanical model of browridge function that is compatible with bone biology" (p. 340) and that relates to the spatial relationships among the neurocranium, the orbits, and the face. She cites, among others, Weidenreich (1941), Biegert (1957), Moss and Young (1960), Scott (1963), and Enlow and McNamara (1973) as advocating this view of browridge form and function and states (p. 340, italics mine):


While Article VI of the US Constitution establishes treaties as supreme federal law, scholars and lawmakers have historically doubted that state judges will enforce the United State's international obligations when they conflict with important state interests. The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, codified in US law as the International Child Abduction Remedies Act (ICARA), is the first major family law treaty ratified by the United States. Its provisions are regularly enforced by both federal and state courts. Notwithstanding the relationship of the treaty to important state interests like the integrity of family court systems, financial and social support for families and minors, and the substantive law of marriage and divorce, there is general convergence between federal and state judges on the applicability of the convention and certain exceptions authorized by the treaty. Several federal district courts, acknowledging these state and federal interests in efficacious adjudication of treaty claims, have abstained from hearing ICARA applications in favor of state proceedings. Federal appellate courts, however, have been overwhelmingly hostile to these abstention decisions, citing the role of federal courts in upholding the United State's international commitments. The Article argues that federal appellate courts have largely ignored the jurisdictional plan designed by Congress in favor of an implied Article III power to enforce treaties, and recommends changes for both ICARA and additional family law treaties the United States is now preparing to join.


Objective: To present a case of relapsing and resistant Sweet's syndrome that developed during pregnancy together with an onset of Crohn's disease, showing complete resolution with the use of infliximab. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 30-year-old pregnant woman presented with fever, skin lesions, and diarrhea. Skin biopsy confirmed neutrophilic dermatosis and she was diagnosed with Crohn's disease after endoscopy. There was no recurrence of Sweet's syndrome outside of her pregnancy. During a previous pregnancy, while corticosteroids were ineffective, complete regression of skin lesions was achieved using infliximab. Conclusion: The "off-label" use of infliximab is beneficial for relapsing and resistant Sweet's syndrome.


The electro-hydraulic proportional control system of the rig rotary mechanism was designed, and the work principle and system structure were introduced. On the bases of analyzing the characteristics of PID control algorithm and Fuzzy control algorithm, the design and research were carried. Simulation experiments show that the Fuzzy - PID algorithm effectively improves the control performance of the control system, and has a good environmental adaptability.


Recently, K. T. Hahn introduced a new pseudodifferential metric for complex manifolds by means of an extremal problem. This metric is investigated in the special case of Riemann surfaces. First, the metric is related to two other extremal problems on a Riemann surface. Next, basic properties of the Hahn metric are studied; in particular, it is shown that the Hahn metric is complete if it is nontrivial. For simply and doubly connected Riemann surfaces the Hahn metric is explicitly calculated it is also studied on tori. Finally, the Hahn metric is shown to have generalized Gaussian curvature at least — 4; for the unit disk it has constant curvature —4.


Argumentation skill can be nurtured by designing a lesson in which students are provided with the opportunity to argue. This research aims to analyse argumentation process in biology class. The participants were students of three biology classes from different high schools in Surakarta Indonesia. One of the classroom was taught by a student teacher, and the rest were instructed by the assigned teachers. Through a classroom observation, oral activities were noted, audio-recorded and video-taped. Coding was done based on the existence of claiming-reasoning-evidence (CRE) process by McNeill and Krajcik. Data was analysed qualitatively focusing on the role of teachers to initiate questioning to support argumentation process. The lesson design of three were also analysed. The result shows that pedagogical skill of teachers to support argumentation process, such as skill to ask, answer, and respond to students' question and statements need to be trained intensively. Most of the argumentation found were only claiming, without reasoning and evidence. Teachers have to change the routine of mostly posing open-ended questions to students, and giving directly a correct answer to students' questions. Knowledge and skills to encourage student to follow inquiry-based learning have to be acquired by teachers.


Objective of the study is about to detect quantitative trait loci( QTLs) for such as plant height and panicle length of millet. F2population derived from crosses of the millet cultivars Shen3 × Jingu20 respectively was used for OTL analysis. Data of trait about plant height,panicle length and others was collected and recorded. By analysis,it said the traits recorded are all quantitative traits. Using SSR as molecular markers,54 markers were divided into 10 linkage group. The presence of two main-effect OTLs which are related with plant height was declared by Conplete interval mapping( BASTEN C J) using OTL IciMapping 3. 0. 1. 21,and the total effect was 45. 9637%.One main-effect OTL which is related with panicle height was detected,and its individual effect is 14. 9647%. It said that the main-effect OTL about panicle weight and the one about grain weigh was the same locus,and the effects of them were 11. 9601% and 10. 1879%. Gene-interaction analysis indicated that there were gene-interactions between 6 OTL pairs with additive effects ranging from- 0. 4986 to 16. 6407. and individual effects from2. 2716% to 6. 7478%. Detection of OTLs for traits of millet is sensitive to environment. OTLs of all traits spread around chromosomes,and gene-interaction occurs frequently.


Nosocomial Infections: Coliform and Proteus bacilli currently cause 29 percent of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections in the United States. In order of decreasing frequency, the major sites of nosocomial infection are the urinary tract, surgical sites, bloodstream, and pneumonias. This group of nosocomial pathogens are responsible for 46% of urinary tract and 24% of surgical site infections, 17% of the bacteremias, and 30% of the pneumonias. E coli is the premier nosocomial pathogen.


The clTect 01 ' preirradiat ion dcl'nrillation on the thermoluillinescence (TL) or alkali halide crysta ls has heen repill'tcd. Thc prcirradi;lt ion derorillat ion ca ll ses increase in the the rlllo luilli ncscencc int ensit y correspondi ng to hoth the TL glow pea~ , or ;ilb li h;ilide crys tal s. The tiepelll iellce ol'TL intell sit y correspollding to rirs t ami second TL pe;lks on preirradi<1t ioll lltrOrll1 ;lI iun


In order to meet the the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs), UN have launched the Millennium Project to recommend the best strategies. Chinese Scientist Hu Qi heng was invited to become a formal member of the Task Force 10 of the Project. The paper introduces the research work of TF10 and discusses its meaning to Chinese ST policy research and international communication.


This article analyses the conditions underlying the emergence of a new generation of biotechnology firms on the American market
specialised in the discovery of human genes - a scientific activity previously promoted by public research systems - and the sale of
these discoveries. The article shows that, within the specific growth dynamics of the biotechnology sector in the North-American
context, the main factor behind the emergence of these firms has been the creation of intellectual property rights on living matter.
The development of these rights has led to the patenting of scientific discoveries. The last part of the article discusses the
consequences of disseminating the use of patents, particularly in Europe, and the change in status of scientific knowledge triggered
by the rise of genomics firms.


Astrometric observations of maser sources in the Milky Way, using the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) technique, have been exploited to determine the spiral structure of our Galaxy. Several major spiral arms have now been pinpointed in the first and second Galactic quadrants. Fundamental Galactic parameters such as the distance to the Galactic Centre and the rotation curve and speed have been determined. In this review, we discuss the latest results from the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy survey, the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry survey and other VLBI arrays and compare them with astrometric measurements of stars from the Gaia mission. In particular, we present the peculiarities of the individual spiral arms and a thorough discussion of the methods to determine different Galactic parameters as well as the obtained values.


Characteristics of superresolution effect of annular amplitude and phase filters are compared in this paper. Numerical simulations show that the phase type filter can achieve the superresolution effect, the circular Dammann effect, the flat-top intensity, and doughnut pattern for different applications, while the two-zone amplitude filter does have the capability of generating the superresolution effect but it cannot generate the circular Dammann effect, doughnut and the flat-top intensity. Two-zone and three-zone phase and amplitude type pupil filters are analyzed in theory and implemented in experiment. The experimental results show that both amplitude and phase filters can achieve superresolution effects evidently. The advantage of an amplitude style filter is that the fabrication technology is much simpler than that for a pure-phase one. The amplitude filter can only be used for the specific superresolution cases where the energy utilization ratio is not the main issue. Generally, the pure-phase superresolution filter is recommended for its higher efficiency and, more importantly, it can achieve special diffraction patterns that are impossible to achieve with an amplitude filter.


Compared with micron-sized ultrasound contrast agents, the use of nano-carriers and blood vessels to penetrate into the tissue for imaging and the installation of therapeutic agents in the contrast agent carrier has become one of the current development trends of contrast agents. In
 this study, based on the self-assembly characteristics of phospholipid molecules on the surface of free bubbles, lipid-encapsulated nano-bubbles were prepared and optimized. Firstly, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) type nano-dissolved gas water was prepared based on the dissolved air
 pump method, and then it was combined with the dried phospholipids to form the air-containing liposomes (ACL). After the nano ACL was generated, it was undertaken as drug carrier, and Baze was used as a model drug to analyze its inhibitory effect on triple-negative breast cancer cells. Finally,
 in the clinical field, ultrasound combined with cancer antigen 125 (CA125) loaded with nano ACL was used for early pathological diagnosis of ovarian epithelial cancer. The test results showed that the distribution peak of the nano-dissolved gas water particles appeared at 140 nm, and the peak
 shifted after addition of sodium chloride (NaCl) or bazedoxifene (Baze), proving the existence of free nano-bubbles in the dissolved gas water. The number of layers of nano ACL was 4˜14, and the particle size was 193.8±6.2 nm. Under the conditions of in vitro ultrasound,
 both perfusion imaging and aggregation imaging showed strong ultrasound imaging effects. With the addition of drug-loaded ACL and 42.8 kPa ultrasound, the survival rate of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was only 61.28±2.38%, which meant that the drug-loaded nano ACL + ultrasound can
 significantly inhibit the cells survival rate (P <0.05). Ultrasound combined with CA125 loaded with nano ACL can greatly improve the early pathological diagnosis rate of epithelial ovarian cancer, and the corresponding positive rate exceeded 90% (P <0.05).


Pathfinding has been a major research area in video games for decades. It is usually utilised as the core of any Artificial Intelligence movement system in computer games. This paper reviews the pathfinding algorithms employed in the platformer genre of video games and focuses on determining better-suited algorithms to be used. In order to determine the algorithms used in platformer games, first, we need to determine the existing pathfinding algorithms that are currently in use today. Then, the algorithms are narrowed down to ones that are most widely used due to their advantages over other algorithms. The findings indicate that A* and Djiktra are the most suitable algorithms to be used. However, past researches did not include vertical movements in 2D platformers, thus, it raises further questions concerning how much of a difference in terms of efficiency will be seen if these algorithms are tested in that particular environment.


Background: Intraoperative thermographic confirmation of the extent of carotid plaque distribution using an uncooled infrared camera was assessed during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods: This camera was small, light, and provided high temperature resolution (<0.022 degrees), thus allowing detection of the changes in thermal radiation induced by surface temperature differences. Results: Vascular flow of the artery appeared as a light color, and absence of flow as a dark color. Vascular re-flow was recognized as a bright color. Therefore, vascular flow could be evaluated using the uncooled infrared camera during CEA. The uncooled infrared camera offers real-time information on vascular patency and extent of plaque. Spatial resolution and image quality are satisfactory, and the procedure can be repeated easily and safely. Conclusion: We have shown that the uncooled infrared camera could be a new and feasible technology for intraoperative imaging of the vascular flow, and isconsidered to be clinically useful during CEA.