Tsunamis are among the most threatening natural hazards that can affect coastal communities and infrastructures. In order to provide useful information for coastal protection, one of my aims in this dissertation is to identify the physical metrics that better represent the damage cause by tsunamis. I approach this problem by carrying out three-dimensional-SPH numerical simulations of solitary waves which allow to track spatial-temporal evolution of physical variables during their breaking. By comparing these evolutions it is possible to visualize the complex hydrodynamic process that occurs during breaking. Results show that the highest danger lies in the environment of the shoreline. However the highest vulnerability of coastal communities and infrastructures lies onshore where they find themselves more exposed to the destructive capacity of extreme tsunami waves. In this regard, the second main goal in this dissertation is to understand how coastal vegetation reduces and modifies the onshore wave inundation. I address this problem by using shallow water equations and Serre-Green-Naghdi equations employed in a set of two-dimensional depth-integrated simulations. Analysis of results indicate the existence of a transition zone located between where runup is not affected at all and where runup suffers the maximum reduction by the vegetation. This infers the requirement of a minimum length of the vegetated barrier in order to achieve the maximum runup reduction under a specific set properties such as barrier location, barrier width, beach slope and/or wave amplitude. Overall we conclude, after intense validation work, that numerical approaches are very convenient tools to analyze difficult wave processes. However it is necessary to be aware of the limitation of each numerical approach. Numerical Perspective on Tsunami Hazards and Their Mitigation by Coastal Vegetation Roberto Marivela Colmenarejo GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT Tsunamis are long waves with large wave height that are mainly generated by ocean-based earthquakes. They can also be a consequence of other natural events such as landslides, intense volcanic activities, large storm floods or even asteroid impacts. Coastal communities tend to not consider these low-frequency threats and occupy large coastal areas and so they become very vulnerable to tsunamis. In this dissertation, two main goals are addressed: The first one is to identify where and when the highest dangerousness of the tsunamis occur so coastal habitants can avoid such areas. The second goal focuses on the flooding areas caused by tsunamis where onshore habitants are more vulnerable. We study how a natural element, such as coastal vegetation, affects, reduces and modifies the flooding due to tsunamis. Some design criteria are presented for the coastal vegetation to reduce the flooding to a maximum.


ABSTRACT Multi-satellite and Multi-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) types provide more basic data for the monitoring of sea level height by Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technology. Few studies predict sea level height with high temporal resolution. This study proposes a theory based on GNSS-IR technology and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Taking the MAYG station as an example, the process of sea level height prediction and the determination of the best prediction scheme are shown. First, the sea level height monitored by the GNSS-IR technology is averaged hour by hour as the sea level height at the instantaneous moment. A linear interpolation method is used to compensate for the missing sea level time series. Then, the number of days to participate in the prediction of GNSS-IR sea level height and its forecast are selected for the experiment of predicting tide level. In the tide level prediction study from DOY125 to DOY153, the results of predicting the future 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h from one tide level period (29 days) illustrate that the accuracy of predicting the sea level height at 24 h is the best (R: 0.967, RMSE: 0.270 m, ME: −0.151 m), and the predicted tide level is highly consistent with the tide level measured at the tide gauge station. In addition, experiments reveal that the prediction accuracy gradually decreases with the increase of prediction time. This study verifies the feasibility of the hour-by-hour sea level prediction theory combined with the GNSS-IR technology and the ARIMA model. It proves that the theory can carry out continuous prediction of sea level, further promoting the breakthrough and transformation of GNSS-IR technology to the application level.


27 groundwater sampling sites were emplaced in Xiahe County according to the distribution of its major river systems and the characteristics of its groundwater distribution. For each water sample, the following water quality factors were monitored, such as turbidity, total hardness, COD, content of ammonia, content of nitrate, content of fluoride, pH, conductivity, total bacteria, etc. Six major influence factors of the 27 sampling sites were selected and groundwater quality evaluated by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, to determine the weight of each factor by using the integrated weighting method and the level of water quality and health degree by calculating comprehensive affiliation degree of each factor. The results showed that the water quality in the 27 sampling sites was all of classⅠ. The integrated health degree mean of it was up to 0.96, higher than the critical value of health and the healthy rate are 100%. Although ammonia was identified as the main contamination factor, it had little effect on the entire body of water. The groundwater quality of Xiahe County was in good condition.


This article describes a significant improvement in relations between Russia and China. In particular, it con-sidered the possibility of a number of economic agreements and prospects for development.


Abstract The determination of the crystalline structure of oriented fibers of poly-2,5-benzoxazole (ABPBO) and poly-2,6-ben-zothiazole (ABPBT) is described. Both unit cells are metrically orthorhombic, with the parameters: a = 6.061 (17), b = 3.384 (13), c (fiber axis) = 11.575 (6) A for ABPBO; and a = 6.044 (6), b = 3.417 (7), c (fiber axis) = 12.194 (18) A for ABPBT. The fiber repeat consists in each structure of two fused ring groups arranged in a planar, zigzag conformation. The conformational torsion angle and orientation of chains within the unit cells are derived from a linked-atom least squares refinement technique. Polymer chains pack laterally through van der Waals interactions. A plausible disorder model which involves defects in chain direction is presented. Refinement of a static disorder model for ABPBO in which 50% of the chains have their chain directions reversed leads to a lower R residual and sum of constraints.


Travelling within a city using any form of public transportation will require the use of time tables. Unfortunately the use of these time tables may prove difficult or atleast very time consuming, especially if the passengers have to switch busses to reach their destination. The system described here will address this and similar problems, in an attempt to create a solution that is both easy to use as well as powerful. Using simple tools and databases a web based system for querying time tables and helping in both choosing and locating source and destination is developed.


complex triangulation of sources, including newspapers, photographs, maps, guidebooks, etiquette manuals, and diaries. Her success in this three-part unfolding of the historical landscape lies in her ability to unravel the evidence, interpret it beyond its face value, and frame its contradictions. Particularly exciting is Sewell's use of diaries from three San Francisco women who wrote about even the most mundane daily rituals. They paint a picture of themselves within a particular American city that helps Sewell fill in gaps when the user frame of reference is otherwise absent. It seems, although not overtly expressed, that the author sympathizes best with the ''experienced'' version of the city, and the book's most interesting moments are when the women's sentiments are positioned against what was culturally imagined and the reality of the built environment. In Manhood Factories, Lupkin proves that the fronts of postcard offer more than just visual documentation of buildings. Although the scope of the YMCA's success is understood by mapping building distribution over time, Lupkin offers a more exciting and informative method, which charts the fascination with and widespread circulation of YMCA postcards. But she also displays postcards for the reader with great originality. For example, Lupkin arranges a striking mosaic of postcards depicting YMCA buildings around the country to visualize her point that the standardization of the prototype created a recognizable image that defined modern Main Street, via what she calls the ''typically typical.'' The most memorable part of Lupkin's book is her room-by-room description of the organization, décor, and meaning of YMCA spaces, richly illustrated by a sequence of perfectly coordinated archival photographs. Lupkin constructs (with Marisa Miller) beautifully rendered digital cutaway sections and program ⁄ circulation ⁄ line-of-sight diagrams pieced together from photographs, plans, maps, and written descriptions. These imaginative yet factually based models are not only useful as companions to her already convincing narrative, but also have great potential as a means of spatialization for historians interpreting buildings and landscapes that no longer exist. Though Lupkin and Sewell clearly study specifically gendered landscapes, neither book is gender-isolated and both authors make effective use of the lens of the opposing gender. According to Lupkin, Manhood Factories provides ''a badlyneeded history of masculine space.'' This book investigates constructed spaces for the formation of the identity of manhood in an attempt to reveal the broader role gender played in the construction of the modern built environment. At the same time, however, Lupkin credits women for some of the Y's success: women helped fundraise and market the buildings on a local and national scale and women assigned meaning to YMCA architecture by sending and collecting a majority of all YMCA postcards. After all, these women were mothers and wives who apparently appreciated a public social space for men with the same moral associations as home. In this way, Lupkin reminds us that although moral spaces were not always located in the home, they were often indirectly linked to female domesticity. Sewell's discussion of the Market Street streetcar and sidewalks in the first chapter forces the reader to consider the network of infrastructure that connected all public spaces in which the company of men and women was mixed. Thus, the reader understands from the beginning that women's increasing presence changed the dynamic of previously male spaces and that we must dispel strict notions of male ⁄ female polarity to visualize how women really shared and negotiated public spaces. Taken together, these books by Sewell and Lupkin convincingly demonstrate the dynamism and complexity of the gendered landscapes of urban America.


Land cover classification using high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images requires well-designed features, as well as suitable classification models. This paper addresses a pixel-based land cover classification problem in high resolution SAR images using speckle statistic and image intensity as features, copula function for joint probability modeling, and Bayesian classifier for classification. The performance of these techniques were analyzed and tested on a three-class database collected from TerraSAR-X High Resolution Spotlight Mode (HS), Geocoded Ellipsoid Corrected (GEC) images, over different cities of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany.


Owing to the forecasted improved sensitivity of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, new research avenues will become accessible. This is the case for gravitational-wave strong lensing, predicted with a non-negligible observation rate in the coming years. However, because one needs to investigate all the event pairs in the data, searches for strongly-lensed gravitational waves are often computationally heavy, and one faces high false-alarm rates. In this paper, we present upgrades made to the \GOLUM software, making it more reliable while increasing its speed by re-casting the look-up table, imposing a sample control, and implementing symmetric runs on the two lensed images. We show how the recovered posteriors have improved coverage of the parameter space and how we increase the pipeline's stability. Finally, we show the results obtained by performing a joint analysis of all the events reported until the GWTC-3 catalog, finding similar conclusions to the ones presented in the literature.


According to the security mechanism,a new kind of explosion-proof cap structure with broken circuit protection and gas release protective function was designed for the purpose of reliability promotion of power lithium battery explosion-proof performance.The cap,which omitted nickel ring,was comprised of top cap,valve block,and sealing ring.The top cap and the valve block were welded instead,and accordingly the internal resistance was reduced.By fastening the clapboard with sealing ring,the fall-off hidden trouble was relieved.In order to improve the control accuracy of protective triggered internal pressure,by testing and analyzing,the relationship among welding heat and area of broken circuit soldered dot and internal resistance and triggered pressure of broken circuit and the relationship between snuffle valve groove thickness and pressure relief triggered internal pressure were educed to guide the select optimum process parameter.


Agrometeorological indices requirement of wheat crop was varies in different irrigation application and weather conditions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops globally. India covers about 30.2 million hectares area with total production of 93.5 million tonnes and productivity of 30.9 q/ha (Anonymous, 2016). Gujarat ranks sixth in wheat production in country and area, production and productivity, averaged are 0.85 million ha, 2.4 tonnes and 2.9 tonnes ha -1 , respectively (Anonymous, 2016). The minimum growth temperature for wheat


Abstract. Among most current
tropospheric tomography studies, only the signals crossing out from the top
boundary of the tomographic area are used for reconstructing the
three-dimensional water vapour field, while signals penetrating from the side
faces of the tomographic body are ignored as invalid information. Such a
method wastes the valuable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
observations and decreases the utilisation efficiency of GNSS rays. This is
the focus of this paper, which tries to effectively use signals penetrating
from the side faces of the tomographic body for water vapour reconstruction.
An optimised tropospheric tomography method is proposed using an auxiliary
area. The top height of the tomography body is determined based on the
average water vapour distribution derived from the Constellation Observing
System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation
(RO) products. In addition, the coefficients of a negative exponential
function between the adjacent layers for vertical constraints are fitted
using the COSMIC RO profiles. Thirteen GPS stations are selected in the CORS
Network of Texas to perform the tomographic experiment and validate the
performance of the proposed method at 00:00 and 12:00 UTC daily using the
radiosonde data for a period of 15 days. Compared to the conventional method,
the accuracy of the reconstructed water vapour information derived from the
proposed method is increased by 14.37 % and 16.13 %, respectively, in
terms of mean root mean square (rms) and mean
absolute error (MAE). The tomographic results obtained from the proposed
method are further validated with the slant water vapour (SWV) data derived
using the GAMIT (GNSS processing software package). Results show that the rms
and MAE accuracy of SWV values has been improved by 18.18 % and
27.62 %, respectively, when compared to the conventional method. Keywords. History of geophysics (atmospheric sciences)


The present article expounds such aspects as the theoretic basis, manu facture way, teaching procedures, teaching evaluation and points for attention. Then it introduces a biological-based teaching mode, which fully incarnates the students' independent study and combines the characteristics of science,logic an d intuition as a whole, depending on psychological teaching theory.


Abstract The minor groove bindin dru netrosin uenches the 2-aminopurine (2AP) fluorescence Theminorgroovebindinin the duplex d(CTGA(2AP)TTCAG)2. Drug binding constants, K∼105 M-1 were established between 5-25°C. A preiminary evaluation of the thermodynamic data indicated a predominantly entropy driven interaction.


Objective To develop an installation which can be installed on rescue boats to ensure that the drowning wounded could be saved rapidly and safely.Methods Some saving devices such as band conveyor,rescue nacelle and magnetic cupule were transformed into the crane ship.Results This transformed crane ship could be simply and easily installed,and had solved the problem of saving the coma and fracture wounded person.Conchiaion The transformed crane ship can efficiently and safely save a large number of wounded people in a short period in the naval battle


This paper approaches the characteristics of metropolitan area planning systems abroad. Firstly, it divides them into three kinds of departments in making plans that are dependent on different management institutions in metropolitan areas. Then, it approaches the different planning systems and their effects on European metropolitan areas. Thirdly, the content of three metropolitan area plans abroad is briefly introduced. It has been found that there are two different features between the metropolitan area plan and city master plan. Firstly, for the reason that a metropolitan area often covers several administrative regions, it is necessary for the local governments within a metropolitan area to adopt cooperative action. Secondly, the plan of metropolitan area is not only a spatial strategy, but includes a comprehensive development of the economy, society and the environment. For limited powers of the local governments under the market economic institution, non_government organizations and enterprises are needed to join in making and implementation of the metropolitan area plan. So, the formation and effective operation of the governance system is a primary prerequisite to the metropolitan area plan.


Dexamethasone has been administered for 8 to 16 months (0.5 to 4.0 mg. daily), with satisfactory antirheumatic response in 20 of 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

This compound has been found to be the most potent anti-inflammatory corticosteroid thus far produced. It suppresses ACTH and possibly thyroid-stimulating hormone production by the anterior pituitary. Thyroid function, as measured by radioactive iodine uptake, was reduced in 11 of 19 patients during dexamethasone administration.

The most common side effect in this group was striking weight gain—more than 4 Kg. in 19 patients. Three patients experienced pathologic fractures and one, a peptic ulcer during dexamethasone therapy. There were two deaths during the period of study.

Dexamethasona esseva administrate durante 8 a 16 menses in dosages de 0,5 a 4,0 mg per die con satisfacente responsas antirheumatic in 20 de 27 patientes con arthritis rheumatoide.

Esseva constatate que iste compositoes le plus potente corticosteroide antiinflammatori producite usque a iste tempore. Illo supprime le production de ACTH e possibilemente de hormon thyroido-stimulatori in le pituitario anterior. Le function thyroide, mesurate como function del acceptation de iodo radioactive, esseva reducite in 11 de 19 patientes durante le administration de dexamethasona.

Le plus commun effecto lateral in istegruppo esseva un frappante ganio de peso. Isto amontava a plus que 4 kg in 19 del casos. Tres patientes experientiava fracturas pathologic durante le cuso de dexamethasona. Un patiente habeva un ulcere peptic. Duo mortes occurreva durante le periodo del studio.


ABSTRACT Analysis of 60,000 contracts awarded by English councils between 2015–19 reveals that austerity constraints are a key predictor of councils outsourcing services to for-profit suppliers, regardless of their political control. Conservative Party-controlled councils are also more likely to contract with for-profit suppliers, although we found no link between Labour-controlled councils and not-for-profit suppliers, nor evidence that political or budgetary factors influence whether councils contract with providers based in their own region. We argue that centrally imposed funding cuts, and a belief that for-profit suppliers represent a cheaper option, could be overriding Labour Party councils' ideological preference for not-for-profit providers.


: Skin tears are prevalent in the elderly population and frequently encountered in emergency and unscheduled care. This article describes how traditional management involving the use of adhesives strips is no longer recommended and seeks to educate the reader on current best practice. Risk factors and strategies for prevention are also discussed


Objective Our previous study in heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) demonstrated that long-term treatment with endothelin receptor A (ETA) blocker atrasentan added to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade had renoprotective effects in a model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced by partial nephrectomy. Since ETA blockade is known to cause edema, we were interested whether diuretic treatment added to this therapy would be beneficial. Design and Methods Partial nephrectomy (NX) was performed at the age of 3 months in TGR rats which were subjected to: (i) RAS blockade alone (angiotensin receptor blocker losartan and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril), (ii) combined RAS (losartan and trandolapril) and ETA receptor blockade (atrasentan), or (iii) diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) added to the combined RAS + ETA blockade for 50 weeks following NX. Results At the end of the study systolic blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy were similarly decreased in all treated groups. Survival was significantly improved by ETA receptor blockade added to RAS blockade with no further effects of diuretic treatment. However, additional diuretic treatment combined with RAS + ETA blockade decreased body weight and had beneficial renoprotective effects – reductions of both kidney weight and kidney damage markers. Proteinuria gradually increased in rats treated with RAS blockade alone, while it was substantially lowered by additional ETA blockade. In rats treated with additional diuretic, proteinuria was progressively reduced throughout the experiment. Conclusion A diuretic added to the combined RAS and ETA blockade has late renoprotective effects in CKD induced by partial nephrectomy in Ren-2 transgenic rats. The diuretic improved: renal function (evaluated as proteinuria and creatinine clearance), renal morphology (kidney mass, glomerular volume), and histological markers of kidney damage (glomerulosclerosis index, tubulointerstitial injury).


Shame can be felt after causing harm and after being harmed by wrongdoing.
 Failure to address shame can increase the possibility of the victim-offender
 overlap, making victims more likely to offend and offenders more likely to be
 victimized. An online, individually applied, restorative apology process
 could help prevent the victim-offender overlap by helping heal harm. People
 who have caused harm are given the opportunity to be accountable and explore
 how they might help repair damage they have caused, while those harmed can
 address any violation and shame felt. Anecdotal evidence indicates
 restorative apologies delivered either personally, or only imagined, can help
 individuals heal from harm and trauma. Open access to restorative apology
 processes is provided at www.apologyletter.org. The purpose of this paper is
 to show how the confidential apology program can help people address harm and
 shame. Appendices A and B provide an imagined apology exercise and guidelines
 for preparing a combined apology and gratitude letter, which can assist
 individuals affected by wrongdoing.


To the Editor: Nevus sebaceous is a common congenital lesion that is found predominantly on the face and scalp. It is associated with a multitude of benign and malignant tumors. The most common benign neoplasms are syringocystadenoma papilliferum and trichoblastoma. The most common malignant neoplasm is basal cell carcinoma. A number of other associated lesions have been associated with nevus sebaceous, including squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, verrucous carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, tricholemmal carcinoma, trichoadenoma, sebaceoma, and spiradenoma. It is unusual for more than three distinct tumors to arise simultaneously within a nevus sebaceous; however, this has been reported. The majority of nevus sebaceous lesions are diagnosed from childhood to early adulthood. We present a 55-year-old African American woman with a basal cell carcinoma arising in a nevus sebaceous who was successfully treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. A 55-year-old African American woman presented for treatment of a nevus sebaceous with concomitant basal cell carcinoma on the scalp (Figure 1A). Review of the original specimen revealed evidence of both nodular basal cell carcinoma and small foci of trichoblastoma (Figure 1B). The patient was otherwise healthy and had no significant


The heat of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) in the form of automated technologies in industrial production processes is on the global world. This has raised worries regarding the potential impact of the 4IR particularly on the future of jobs in developing countries. The study investigates the impact of the 4IR on industry labor employment, with particular emphasis on the role of tertiary education in SSA from 2000 to 2018. Due to the dearth of adequate data relating to the elements of 4IR such as robotics, internet of things (IoT), and cloud technologies, the study is benchmarked on the technology achievement of SSA countries, tertiary education attainment, and some elements of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) like mobile phone technology and internet densities. The study employed instrumental variable regression, within the framework of the System GMM estimator, covering the 48 SSA countries. The result shows that technology achievement index (TAI), technology, mobile, mobile phone technology, and education exert a positive effect on industry labor employment in SSA. This suggests that advancement in the elements of 4IR will eventually bring about improvement in the level of industry labor employment. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the governments of SSA countries should embark on structural reforms of the educational system as well as massive investment in ICT penetration and diffusion. These efforts will produce digital manpower to fit into the new job environment while offsetting the immediate job losses occasioned by the 4IR


Is it possible to achieve almost riskless, nonfluctuating investment payoffs in the long run, at a fraction of the traditional funding requirement, using equity investments?
The persistence of low interest rates is spurring research on this question because of the need to increase yields, while limiting the variability of investment results.
Payouts of savings account units aim to achieve an almost riskless outcome over a long horizon.
We show that they can be managed as contingent claims and, when denominated in units of a stock index, less expensively than under classical risk-neutral assumptions.
To assess the robustness of the proposed hedge portfolios, we introduce a simple overfunded scheme and show its reliability using bootstrapping.
The results show that by applying an overfunding of 6%, the probability of not achieving the target is less than 1%.
At the heart of this result are the mean-reversion and the leverage effect of the minimal market model, together with the supermartingale property of the benchmarked savings account.


Introduction Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Labor Unions The Early Years The Knights of Labor The American Federation of Labor Confrontations with Employers The Industrial Workers of the World and Revolutionary Unionism Union Decline and Resurgence During the Years Between the Wars Union Solidarity and Power The Erosion of the Labor Accord The Rise of Public Sector Unionism The Search for Union Revival Chapter 2 - Union Structure and Growth National and Unions Union Locals and Intermediate Bodies The Labor Federation Union Jurisdiction Union Mergers Union Membership and Decline The Causes of Union Growth and Decline How Unions Organize Chapter 3 - Union Government and Administration The Union Constitution Union Conventions Union officers and Governing Bodies Local Union Government Union Democracy Corruption in Unions Unions and Information Technology Union Effectiveness Chapter 4 - The Union as Bargaining Agent The Fundamentals of Bargaining Collective Bargaining Structure Collective Bargaining Agreements The Return of Concessionary Bargaining The Decline of the Strike Chapter 5 - Unions in Politics Union Political Action Union Political Campaigns Living Wages Labor Law Reform Two Campaigns in California Shopping Wal-Mart Chapter 6 - Union Revival Organizing Collective Bargaining Political Action Changing the Unions' Mission and Sturcture Chapter 7 -- The Unions of the Future Retreat Rebound Appendix: Selective Bibliography and Industrial Relations Websites


Simple Summary High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC—the most frequent and aggressive form of ovarian cancer) represents an important challenge for clinicians. Half of HGSOC cases exhibit homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), mainly through alterations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. This leads to sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, a novel class of breakthrough molecules that improved HGSOC prognoses. To date, three companion diagnostic assays have received FDA approval for the evaluation of HRD status, but their use remains controversial. In this companion review (Part 1: Technical considerations; Part 2: Medical perspectives), we develop an integrative perspective, from translational research to clinical application, that could help physicians and researchers manage HGSOC. Abstract High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most frequent and aggressive form of ovarian cancer, representing an important challenge for clinicians. Half of HGSOC cases have homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which has specific causes (mainly alterations in BRCA1/2, but also other alterations encompassed by the BRCAness concept) and consequences, both at molecular (e.g., genomic instability) and clinical (e.g., sensitivity to PARP inhibitor) levels. Based on its prevalence and clinical impact, HRD status merits investigation. To date, three PARP inhibitors have received FDA/EMA approval. For some approvals, the presence of specific molecular alterations is required. Three companion diagnostic (CDx) assays based on distinct technical and medical considerations have received FDA approval to date. However, their use remains controversial due to their technical and medical limitations. In this companion and integrated review, we take a "bench-to-bedside" perspective on HRD definition and evaluation in the context of HGSOC. Part 1 of the review adopts a molecular perspective regarding technical considerations and the development of CDx. Part 2 focuses on the clinical impact of HRD evaluation, primarily through currently validated CDx and prescription of PARP inhibitors, outlining achievements, limitations and medical perspectives.


Late Cretaceous and Eocene paleomagnetic results from calcareous mudstone, limestone, and volcaniclastic rocks in southwest Puerto Rico yield a significant anticlockwise discordance in magnetization direction relative to North American reference data. Progressive thermal demagnetization has revealed stable, characteristic high blocking temperature magnetization components that display an intrasite bipolarity. The direction of this stable magnetization in tilt-corrected coordinates is consistently either northwest and down, or southeast and up. The pole position (39.4° N.Lat.; 209.6° E.Long.; dp = 9.3°; dm = 16.7°; N = 10) suggests post Eocene anticlockwise rotation of the sampling region relative to North America by 45° about a vertical axis. A rotating block domain model in which north-south compression is superimposed on WNW-ESE strike-slip faults in SW Puerto Rico can explain the inferred rotation.


Background:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which is known to present with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Liver and spleen enlargement in SLE are common finding but their prevalence and association with lymph node involvement not fully studied in Iraqi patients.
Aim of study:
Assessment of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly and their relation with lymphadenopathy in Iraqi patients having systemic lupus erythematosus.
Method:
A cross sectional analytical study was done on 50 systemic lupus erythematosus Iraqi patients with active disease according to SLE disease activity index. The patients were attending rheumatology and rehabilitation unit in Al-Hussein teaching hospital.
Results:
In our study we found that hepatomegaly was seen in 36% of patients, splenomegaly in 28% while lymphadenopathy in 26%. We noticed that hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were higher in those having lymphadenopathy compared to those without lymph node involvement. Also liver, spleen and lymph node involvement associated with more mucocutaneuos and constitutional manifestation, while no differences were noticed in renal and neuropsychiatric manifestation .


We present a case study in LCF of the equivalence of two semantic definitions for a small language. The language contains recursive and nonrecursive procedure declarations, and static binding of variables is intended. A standard semantics is proved equivalent to a closure semantics in which procedures denote closures (textual objects). This proof is discussed abstractly in [1]. A similar equivalence is proved by J. Stoy in [6, Chap. 13], based on work by R. Milne and C. Strachey [4]. We describe the formalization of the problem in LCF, the informal proof by structural induction over programs of the language, and the strategy for performing the proof mechanically. The strategy is quite general even though it involves rather subtle handling of lemmas and induction hypotheses. A basic understanding of Scott's theory of domains is assumed, including the least fixed point operator and domain constructing operations such as domain equations.


On the grounds of many years field researches into open landscapes within the frames of steppe genesis and reconstruction problems solution, and with examples of studies into virgin land campaign area and Central Arctic yedoma landscapes, the topicality of dynamic vector in geographies with priority of studied objects is shown.


In this study, we developed a novel distribution called Gamma Inverse Exponential (GIE) distribution, which has proved to be a more flexible distribution in modeling COVID-19 case fatality in Nigeria. We studied some statistical properties of the new distribution, which include: moments,
incomplete moments, quantile function, Renyi entropy, and mean deviation. A real-life data application to a number of reported cases of COVID-19 infection between March 2019 to 2021 shows that the GIE distribution has a better fit than some competing distributions in fitting the data. Time series analysis of the COVID-19 data is also considered.


The invention belongs to the technical field of modified polypropylene and relates to a modified jute fiber reinforced polypropylene and its preparation method. The modified jute fiber reinforced polypropylene is prepared through using 100 parts by weight of polypropylene, 10-80 parts by weight of a modified jute fiber, 5-15 parts by weight of nanometer calcium carbonate, 5-15 parts by weight of a toughening agent and 0-10 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent. The modified jute fiber used in the invention has a good compatibility with polypropylene, and improves the mechanical performances of the modified jute fiber reinforced polypropylene; and modification is carried out through simultaneously adopting the nanometer calcium carbonate and the toughening agent, so a composite material having the advantages of low cost, high rigidity and good toughness is obtained.


G. Wentzel') and W. Kohn and Vachaspati2) made comments on Frohlich's theory of superconductivity.3) The latter confimled that the shell construction in the momentum space is hardly possible if the interaction of the conduction electrons with the lattice phonons is so strong that Frohlich's condition of superconductivity is satisfied. The former applied Tomonaga's tneory of sound quanta4) to derive a similar result pointing out that the frequency of the lattice vibration becomes imaginary so far as Frohlich's condition is adopted. The objective of this report is two-fold; first we confirm the results, of the abovementioned authors by an extension of Tomonaga's theory given in our paperS) and next we examine Wentzel's suggestion that the motion of atom might become stable if the Coulomb interaction forces are taken into calculation. The result obtained is compared with that of the hydrodynamical treatment, the validity of which is computed from our point of view. When a conduction electron with wave number k absorbs a lattice phonon with wave number w, its wave number becomes k+w. Such a process and the reciprocal process are represented by the following operator


Relationships between the boron content in flue-cured tobacco leaves and the soil available boron contents in Hunan tobacco-growing area were analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) The boron contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves in Hunan Province were low, ranging from 9.22 to 89.04 mg/kg with the mean of (21.72±12.98) mg/kg. The boron contents in 88.89% tobacco samples were at the range of 10.00-40.00 mg/kg. (2) The soil available boron contents in Hunan tobacco-growing area were low, ranging mostly from 0.07 to 1.28 mg/kg with the mean of (0.25±0.23) mg/kg. The available boron contents were insufficient for 93.40% soil samples (≤0.40mg/kg), and were rich for 4.51% soil samples (1.00mg/kg), and only 2.09% soil samples were adequate for tobacco growth and development. (3) The boron contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves were highly correlated (r=0.745) with the soil available boron contents at the 0.01 level. Based on the correlation analysis, the regression equation, =11.47+41.71x, was established between soil available boron and the boron contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves for 288 samples. (4) After grouping soil available boron contents and by using ANOVA method, significant difference at the 0.01 level among groups was found for the nicotine content, proportion of nitrogen to nicotine, and proportion of total sugar to nicotine. However, difference among groups for contents of total N and total sugar was not significant.


Subpoena requiring Pedro Trevino and Atanacio Vidarri to appear as witnesses against G. A. Staacke. There are two versions of the text; the first is written in ink and stricken out, replaced with a version below in pencil.


The introduction summarizes where jars happened to be found and in which environment. The jars are then studied in their historical context mainly corrected with the maritime trade where they are recorded as water containers or for salted fruits or vegetables. But if jars have survived up to now, it is because of their ritual and funerary importance which has prevented them from being destroyed through the ages. Native from borneo or hill-tribes from the indochina peninsula have kept jars as treasures honoured them through special rituals. Paul guilleminet has compiled a catalogue of jars used in kontum province in vietnam in the years 1936-1938 illustrating many of them with drawings. Jars were also used locally among the chinese community. In trying to record the different locations where jars are still made nowadays, it has come to light that the potters are from chaozhou in guangdong, they all used the same technics to make a jar and we have chosen to describe in detail the lee seng pottery factory in kuching to show the different phases of fabrication as well as the firing in big dragon-kilns. The last part is a typology of jars according to their origin - chinese or from indochina peninsula - as well as to their chronology whenever possible.


ACADEMIC criminology by and large has offered precious little aid or comfort to the probation officer. According to subcultural theories, strongly influential for nearly fifty years, criminal or anti-social attitudes are rooted deeply in the value-system of certain neighbourhoods or certain age-groups. Labelling and symbolic interaction theories, which enjoyed a briefer vogue in the late 1960s and early 1970s, taught that an individual's


Through using the method of literature review and experiment,from the perspective of exercise physiology,psychology and motor skills,this paper makes analysis on table tennis technical motion learning condition and puts forward the learning method of programmed isometric practice based on previous teaching experience and in the book knowledge and the sensibility of the empirical knowledge of the teaching under the premise of rationality.The result shows that programmed isometric rate exercises can improve the learner's learning effect more effectively and speed up the formation of basic table tennis skills movement.


. The proposition that security threats can drive states to pool their sovereignty has been around for some time. The existence of these threats, according to William Riker, is a necessary condition for political unification. A less common argument centers on linguistic homogeneity; it asserts that states must be sufficiently similar and speak the same language before they can successfully imagine a common state. This paper tests both hypotheses in a large-N analysis that identifies all instances of voluntary political unification between 1816 and 2001. It takes the form of a falsification probe and examines whether any unification happened in the absence of either an external security threat or a common language. It finds that political unification has occurred in relatively tranquil settings, but that all unifying dyads have shared a common language. Security threats are not a necessary condition, but a common language may well be.


Cerebellum, the so-called "small brain", is located in the posterior fossa of the skull, above the stem and toward the back of the brain. It is a region that processes information from many diverse sources, including the spinal cord, the brain stem and the cerebral cortex, and projects them to different centers in the brain involved in postural adaptations and generation of movements. Gangliosides, sialylated glycosphingolipids, are mostly building components of the outer leaflet of plasma membranes of all mammalian cell types ; however, their highest concentration is present in the central nervous system. In the framework of our research targeting the exhaustive brain ganglioside mapping, we have shown previously, that ganglioside composition exhibits developmental, ageing and topographic specificity. Moreover, we have reported that adult cerebellum shows characteristic differences in the composition of its major species, when compared to those regions of the cerebrum that we studied [1]. Here, we have extended our research towards the investigation of native ganglioside expression and structure in human fetal cerebellum. In this regard, we have applied our recently developed fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) high capacity trap mass spectrometry (HCT MS) approach for the analysis in high-throughput regime of two ganglioside mixtures purified from fetal cerebellum (15 and 40 gestational weeks). Screening mass spectra obtained in the negative ion mode under restrictive acquisition time conditions enabled detection of over 50 different glycoforms of GM4, GM3, GM2, GD3, GM1/nLM1/LM1, GD1/nLD1, GT1, GD2 and GT3-type as well as polysialylated GQ1 and GP1 structures considered as fetal cerebellum markers. Besides the rich ganglioside pattern, a clear gestational stage-dependent ganglioside expression was observed. Multistage mass spectrometry (MS2-MS4) carried out by collision-induced dissociation (CID) yielded structural-informative sequencing patterns for several polysialylated species. Obtained results also demonstrated that the combination of fully automated chip-ESI with HCT MSn is able to provide reliable ganglioside high-throughput analysis at subpicomolar level of sensitivity within experiments lasting less than five minutes.


It is shown by Hall measurements that the hot electron nonlinear T-V characteristics of a-InSb materials critically depend on their compensation degree K and excess donor concentration no. The InSb electron bolometer was fabricated by using a-InSb ma terials with different X and no. The experimental data show that the NEF of the detector made of highly compensated material is better than that made of low compensa tion material.


I have read the article "Cooperation on the Left" with great interest and hasten to congratulate the editors on a fine job. The tone of the piece is wholly admirable and the rules-for-cooperation which you suggest are, in my opinion, entirely valid. That the problem of cooperation on the Left should be recognized, in this candid manner, is, I think, a most encouraging development.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


ter. However, federal regulatory and funding policies have shaped American land use and helped to skew local development toward exurban sprawl rather than focus it on the revitalization of cities and sustainable growth in the surrounding regions. In a 1995 report, The Technological Reshaping of Metropolitan America, the congressional Office of Technology Assessment warned that urban sprawl is a national problem, fueled in part by federal policies, that is costing local communities dearly. The burgeoning economic, environmental, and social costs of sprawling development call for an enhanced federal government role in helping local communities to combat sprawl and implement strategies to encourage smart growth. Local governments (and states) have identified sprawl and its management as a critical issue for communities, and many localities have begun to develop new approaches to counter sprawl and promote smart growth. Likewise, the federal government has launched several educational, funding, and regulatory efforts designed to encourage better local growth and development practices. Together, local communities and the federal government are seeking to establish new tools for sustainable local growth. This article examines existing and potential federal incentives for smart growth and suggests how local governments can put them to use.


The Food Surveys Research Group of the United States Department of Agriculture has developed automated methods for collecting and processing food intake data. These methods are part of the Dietary Intake Data System (Figure 1), designed to efficiently collect and process high quality food intake data. The foundation of the system is the Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) Blaise instrument, which is used to collect 24-hour dietary recalls. During the interview, individuals recall the foods and beverages that were consumed the day before the interview. Details about each food and beverage are collected as well as a description of the amount consumed. Information is also collected about the time of day the food was eaten, the name of the eating occasion, and where the food was obtained.


There is a concern in the Decision Support System (DSS) field on how to make scientific progress in its field and to establish itself as a field of scientific research. Such a concern has been challenged on philosophical grounds as being based on an essentially monistic view of science. This monistic view has been associated with the works of Thomas Kuhn. By referring to the relevant literature in the philosophy of science and the multi-perspective, system-based (MPSB) framework of Ho, the DSS concern of making scientific progress is affirmed again as a valid one while the challenge to the idea of making scientific progress in the field of DSS is accommodated. This paper also encourages further discussion of this profound issue in DSS from the philosophical and sociological perspectives.


The aim of this work is to revise the effectiveness of auriculotherapy as a coadyuvant treatment to osteoarticular physical therapy, treating chronical neck pain. To that purpose, we have reviewed a group of articles linking thereafter their conclusions with those coming from the very practise of the author. For such a practise, we hold a session of a combined treatment of both therapies to five women, whose ages were between 30 and 45 years, comparing the results 7 days later, with those of other 5 women in the same range of age, who just received osteoarticular treatment. We may conclude out of the scientific reviewing that auriculotherapy is effective when treating back pain, wich agrees with the results coming from the very clinical practise: it shows better outcome when combining both auriculotherapy and osteopath treatment.


Subtitle: Intercargo's Xianyong 'Joe' Zhou explains what owners should do ahead of the introduction of new IACS' Common Structural Rules for bulk carriers next year.


Each of the sections in this document are derived from di erent papers available on arXiv. The text has been randomized to avoid copyright restrictions. Section 1 is derived from a paper by S.O. Warnaar [1]. Section 2 is derived from a paper by F. Alberto Grünbaum and Milen Yakimov [2]. Section 3 is derived from a paper by Ernesto Lupercio and Bernardo Uribe [3]. Section 4 is derived from a paper by Stavros Garoufalidis [4]. 1. Cbtjd izqfshfpnfusjd tfsjft boe uifjs fmmjqujd bobmphvft Bttvnf |r| < 1 boe efgjof1 uif r-tijgufe gbdupsjbm gps bmm joufhfst o cz


Russian Strategic Communication: Actors, Methods and Goals In today's political climate between Russia and the West, there is an urgent need for a more nuanced understanding of the role of political communication in Russian strategy. This policy brief summarizes the main findings of the MoD-funded research project 'Russian Strategic Communication and Political Ambitions towards Europe', and reviews the most important lessons regarding Russian strategic communication – i.e. the complex setting it operates in, its possibilities, and not least, its limitations.


The invention provides a preparation method of a positive charge type polysaccharide derivative chiral stationary phase and separating for alkaline chiral compounds. The method specifically comprises the steps that polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivatization reagent react with chemical reagents containing secondary amine, tertiary amine or quaternary amine and other radical groups in a reaction container containing an organic solvent; methyl alcohol is used for washing solid, and the solid is dried and used later; polysaccharide derivatives containing positive charges is arranged on a common chromatography substrate such as silica gel in a coated mode, and the positive charge type polysaccharide derivative chiral stationary phase can be prepared after drying is finished. The method has the advantages that preparation is simple, quick and good in repeatability, and difference derivatization reagents can be selected as required to prepare positive charge type chiral stationary phases with different chiral recognition capabilities. The prepared positive charge type polysaccharide derivative chiral stationary phase is mainly used for separating of the alkaline chiral compounds, and quick separating of the alkaline chiral compounds can be achieved under the neutral and acid mobile phase condition.


The increasing variety of mobile multimedia services raise the need for mechanisms to select those services that best match individual user requirements and allow for service customization. In this paper we describe an advanced concept for service personalization in next-generation IP-based mobile systems. Our approach extends conventional service management by introducing a preference order on the available service features according to the specific demands of a user. Furthermore, we exploit the fact that in current IP-based mobile communication systems application layer signaling messages traverse several network functional entities between client and server application. Our architectural solution based thereon comprises a stepwise refinement of profiles and preferences including an early matchmaking to service capabilities.


Bibl iography: Kielblock, Stephan/Monsen, Jeremy J.: Practitioner's Use of Research to Improve Their Teaching Practices within Extended Educational Provisions, IJREE, Vol. 4, Issue 2-2016, pp. 5-16. https://doi.org/10.3224/ijree.v4i2.25778


Title: Adult attachment and the perception of others. Abstract: The relationship between individuals' attach- ment style and their perceptions of self andothers was examined in a sample composed of 118 female college stu- dents. To measure the identification differences, distances among the elements in the Kelly's grid technique (self, mother, father, friends, partner, ideal self and ideal others) were used. As predicted, and with the only exception of the fearful attachment style, participants identified better with mothers' characteristics than fathers' ones. Further- more, identification with peer's characteristics was the mo- re salient, only comparable to the identification with mot- hers' characteristics, suggesting the transfer of peers as at- tachment figures in young adulthood. Data obtained for the comparison of attachment styles with the model of the self and the model of others did not confirm nor discard Bartholomew and Horowitz's model. Results and future directions are discussed.


The experiment here reported involved more than two hundred pupils in six ninth-grade classes in the Hyde Park High School, Chicago, and four members of the English department. The problem may be stated as follows: For achieving the aims of instruction in literature, is the extensive reading of literature more effective than the intensive study of a few selections? By "intensive study" is meant the type of study which has generally characterized literature courses in American high schools and colleges and which is common in the greater number of such institutions today. The method is marked by detailed study of the content of literature: references and allusions to mythology, history, biography, geography, nature-study, and antecedent literature. Intensive study of literature is also marked by detailed study of style: figures of speech, meter, rhyme schemes, anachronisms, and the like. Word study plays a large part in the intensive method: meanings, derivations, use of words in sentences, antique diction, poetic diction, obsolete words, and exactness in the choice of words. In brief, the intensive method might very well be defined in terms of encyclopedic knowledge. The technique of instruction under this method consists of daily assignments, home study, and recitations. The recitations are predominantly of the question-and-answer type. The amount of literature which can be studied intensively is necessarily limited, and, when a pupil has completed a high-school course under this method, the extent of his reading is slight as compared with the bodies of suitable literature available. A teacher following this method may bring a great deal of scholarship and skill to bear on his undertaking, but, fundamentally, the method leads only to preparation of lessons for recitation. Individual pupils may be attracted


Abstract : Some anti-HIV medications exert behavioral and neurotoxic side effects that deleteriously affect quality of life. The present research examined the effects of three anti-HIV medications -- AZT, ddC, dd4T - on memory in Sprague-Dawley male and female rats. Memory was chosen as the dependent variable because it is an important psychological construct, its profound effects on quality of life, and its relationship to medication compliance. Three experiments used retention of the active evidence shuttlebox performance as an index of memory. Experiment 1 (N-60) found that males closed with medication performed significant slower (i.e. demonstrating impaired memory function) than females. Females dosed with AZT or ddC performed significantly faster on the second day, compared to the first day, of testing.


In the present article,the significance of canine distemper virus(CDV) to jeopardize animals and public health has been analysed by introduced the epidemic characteristics and reports on natural infection in primates.It seems that the CDV should be the coming threat to the entry-exit primates breeding industry for its potential epidemic risk,and measures for prevention-and-control were pointed out based on the characteristics in inspection and quarantine.


In Cultural Studies today, the answer to this question would undoubtedly be no: theory and leisure cannot be enjoyed at the same time. A brief anecdote is a useful way of illustrating this. During a tutorial on Stephen King's Salem's Lot (part of a course on popular Ž ction taught by Ian Buchanan), a student offered the following piece of rather stunning resistance to theory: while she was sure that hidden meanings could be found in Buffy and Angel (no contemporary discussion of vampire narratives could avoid such a digression!) she hoped the lecturer would refrain from doing so because it would spoil her enjoyment of those programmes. Her wish in requesting this, as she went on to specify, was precisely to preserve the (to her) meaninglessness of Buffy and Angel. What is stunning, of course, is that thought and enjoyment are characterized as mutually exclusive—it provokes the inference that there is no opposite to 'mindless entertainment' at all, that in effect even to be entertaining a text must Ž rst of all be apprehensible as 'mindless'. But perhaps when this student says she prefers her texts to be 'mindless' she doesn't literally mean vacuous or even empty of meaning; what she really means is 'mine own', that is, 'my text', free from the pernicious contaminations of other people's interpretations and associations—or 'minds' if you will—because what is equally clear is that the intrusions of these other interpretations and associations are felt as a kind of 'theft of her enjoyment'. In other words, theory is refused in the name of her own private Buffy. Thus, it seems, Paul de Man's thesis concerning the 'resistance to theory', at least insofar as it applies to Cultural Studies, has to be rewritten in terms of ZÏ izÏ ek's 'theft of enjoyment'. From its inception, theory has always been regarded as 'other' and for the most part it has played on that status in order to advance its basic cause, which might usefully be thought in terms of 'cognitive estrangement' (to borrow Darko Suvin's term). For precisely what theory tries to do is separate 'us' from 'our' thoughts so that 'we' can see that 'our' thoughts aren't really 'ours' at all but that, on the contrary, 'we' are a kind of conduit through which those thoughts pass with so little friction or resistance that they seem to have originated in that very place they were merely passing through, namely 'us'. In other words, theory at its most effective robs us of the vain notion that we exist in the form we think we do. Theory has thus always been a kind of theft, but since for the theorists themselves this amounts to a stealing from oneself it makes no sense to think of it in those terms; more to the point, to do so would be to admit to a kind of masochistic delight in removing the ground beneath one's feet since this is what is


THE NORTH AFRICAN DESERT approaches very closely the Mediterranean coast, and scarcely one per cent of the state of Libya receives an average of 200 mm. or more of rain per year. In the high temperature conditions which prevail in Libya, 200 mm. of well distributed winter rain is the minimum required for the satisfactory cultivation of unirrigated grain, or even hardy tree crops such as the olive and the almond. Rainfall is rarely well distributed and is frequently less than average for a number of years together, and even much of the favoured one per cent of the country endures drought conditions in 4 out of 10 years. Drought is, therefore, a permanent feature for all but a few favoured coastal areas, and is a familiar condition to the whole agricultural community of the Libyan Arab Republic. Supplementary underground sources of water have long been used, especially where these are very near the surface, close to the coast. During the twentieth century deeper aquifers have been tapped as technology and economic resources have become available, both in areas which suffer irregular rainfall, as well as increasingly in the recent past in areas of negligible precipitation. These last are areas in which recharge of the ground-water resource is insignificant. In these new and often ambitious development schemes, the resource to be exploited is a finite fossil resource, and its use should, therefore, be approached with caution, and schemes for its exploitation should be based on expensive and wide ranging hydrological research. The Libyan case is interesting in that more than 10 years of oil revenues have created an economy with a capital surplus, and extraordinary development spending has ensued. Agricultural development based on ground-water has been vigorous, especially in the private sector. Unfortunately this development, extending the irrigated area by up to 2 per cent each year since the mid 1960s, has been unregulated, especially in the north west of the country,1 where the shallow aquifers are most vulnerable to over-use.2 Successive


cadmium, indirect effects, exotic species, shredder-collector interactions, DGGE, trophic cascades The ecological integrity of ecosystems is often evaluated in terms of species occurrence and composition of communities and not in terms of trophic relationships between species or functional parameters. The processing of detritus is a vital ecological process for freshwater ecosystems, mediated by microorganisms and aquatic invertebrates. Here, shredders contribute to the nutrient cycle, transforming coarse into fine particulate organic matter which serve as food for collectors. The aim of this work was to evaluate the combined effects of cadmium exposure and changes in resource quality (leaf species) on detritus trophic chain and on shredder–collector interactions. In the laboratory, alder leaves (native species) and eucalyptus (exotic species) were conditioned at different cadmium concentrations (0, 50 and 200 μg/L). The microbial community present in leaves from the different treatments was analyzed by molecular DGGE technique and microbial respiration rates were measured. Sericostoma vittatum (a caddisfly shredder) and Chironomus riparius (a midge collector) were exposed to the same concentrations of cadmium and fed the corresponding leaf discs. C. riparius growth and leaf weight loss were evaluated in these multispecies microcosms. Cadmium exposure affected the leaf conditioning and the reduction in fungal diversity in both leaf species was clear. Cadmium affected the decomposition of alder leaves through reductions in invertebrate feeding and also impaired C. riparius' growth. C. riparius showed to be a non-exclusive collector and capable of feeding on alder leaf discs in the absence of shredders. However shredders appear to promote collectors growth in treatments with eucalyptus as food source.. The observed pattern suggest that shredder-collector facilitation hypothesis can hold true and also that it might be dependent on resource quality and detritivore species present. The results suggest that detritus processing chains can be valuable tools to community ecotoxicology. We advocate that these investigations should continue with the use of different detritivore species and stressors (natural and anthropogenic) to improve our current understanding of indirect effects of contaminants in detritus based food webs under different ecological scenarios. Table of contents Page Chapter I 1 1.General Introduction 3 1.1 Trophic cascades and indirect effects of contaminants 3 1.2 Detritus processing chains 4 1.3 Shredder collector interactions and the facilitation hypothesis 9 1.4 Thesis objectives and Model trophic chain used 9 References 12 Chapter II 17 2.Effects of Cadmium and Changes in resource quality (leaf species) on freshwater detritus based food webs 19 2.1 Abstract 20 2.2 Introduction 21 2.3 Methods 23 2.3.1 Test Organisms 23 2.3.2 Leaf Conditioning 23 2.3.3 Analysis of leaf microbial community 23 2.3.4 Detritivore trials 25 2.3.5 Statistical analysis 25 2.4 Results 26 2.4.1 Effects of cadmium on microbial conditioning 26 2.4.2. Effects of cadmium on leaf discs weight loss (leaf decomposition) 28 2.4.3.Chironomus riparius growth 30 2.5 Discussion 32 References 36 Chapter III 39 3.General Discussion 41 References 43 Chapter I: General Introduction


This experiment measured the stiffness of calcaneue of 77 postgraduates (including both male and female) of Capital Institute of Physical Education with quantitative ultrasound technology. The result shows: the stiffness of male postgraduates is higher than female's and there is no statistical difference with Japanese youth who are same sex and same age.


A design of second-order multiple-input single-output voltage-mode universal filter is presented in this paper. The proposed filter consists of single voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC), single resistor and two capacitors. The new circuit provides five filter responses namely, lowpass, high-pass, band-pas, band-reject and all-pass functions. Each output filter response can be selected without the requirement of the matching condition and double gain amplifier for selecting all-pass function. The tuning of natural frequency and quality factor can be electronically done. The proposed circuit only uses single active element, which can be easily implemented as an integrated circuit. The MOS modeling of VDCC and Pspice simulation of proposed filter were carried out on TSMC 0.18 micrometer CMOS technology. Streszczenie. Opisano uniwersalny filtr drugiego rzędu wykorzystujący układ VDCC (voltage differencing current conveyor). Częstotliwość graniczną filtru i jego dobroćmoga być dobierane elektronicznie. Zaproponowany filtr opracowano w technologii CMOS 0.18 mikrometra. Uniwersalny strojony filtr drugiego rzędu wykorzystujący technologię VDCC


The chapter describes the small groups formed from Ellington's orchestra. Hodges did not have a hit under his own name until Ellington was persuaded by Helen Oakley, a young jazz promoter and publicist, that he could release records by subgroups of his orchestra without tarnishing his own reputation. Hodges hit it big with "Jeep's Blues," which rang out from jukeboxes all over Harlem. Some of Hodges's small-group numbers, including "The Jeep Is Jumping" and "Good Queen Bess," named after his mother, are among his most memorable. The small-group sessions followed a pattern: a slow blues tune, two pop ballads, and a mid-tempo dance tune. They also kept Hodges connected to his roots in the blues and the black community from which he sprang, at a time when Ellington's music was increasingly viewed as entertainment for whites and upper-class blacks.


We report various SF6/Ar plasma textured periodic glass surface morphologies with high transmittance, haze ratio, and root mean square (rms) roughness of ITO:Zr films for amorphous silicon thin film solar cells (a-Si TFSCs). SF6/Ar plasma textured glass surface morphologies contain microand nano-textured features that help to scatter the light in visible and near infra-red (NIR) wavelength regions. We designed the textured glass surface morphologies with big square craters to smaller pyramids for various glass etching times from 30 to 75 min. Magnetron sputtered ITO:Zr (~210 nm) films were deposited on textured glass surface morphologies and showed higher transmittance and haze ratio of 88.48% and 77.61%, respectively, in the visible-NIR (400e1100 nm) wavelength region. The sheet resistance and resistivity of ITO:Zr films decreased with the increase of etching time, due to high rms roughness and better step coverage. A passivation AZO (30 nm) layer was added to the ITO:Zr films, due to its better stability against hydrogen plasma exposure. The ITO:Zr/AZO films were employed as a front TCO layer and the current densityevoltage (JeV) characteristics of a-Si TFSCs increased by light scattering effect, without any reduction in either the open circuit voltage (VOC) or the fill factor (FF). Relative to flat glass substrate, JSC and the efficiency of a-Si TFSCs were enhanced by 7.51% and 19.39%, respectively, for textured glass surface morphology. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Sixtyfour soil samples from different regions in Assam were analysed for (i) pH, (ii) exchangeable acidity, (iii) extractable acidity, and (iv) exchangeable aluminium. The lime requirement (LR) of the soils were determined by two different methods, viz, (a) Peech and (b) Shoemaker. Simple correlation studies showed that the LR values are, in general, correlated negatively with pH and positively with exchangeable acidity, extractable acidity and exchangeable aluminium in respect of soils of most of the regions. Multiple regression studies showed that the LR values are very strongly influenced by the combined effect of the above mentioned four soil acidity parameters.


We observed Raman spectra of Silk I and Silk II powders of (Ala-Gly)15, which is a model peptide of crystalline region of Bombyx mori silk fibroin. Additionally Raman spectra of Ac-(Gly-Ala)4-NHMe and Ac-(Gly-Ala)3-NHMe with Silk I and Silk II forms were calculated according to the repeated β-turn type II structural model and β-sheet model, respectively. The ab initio molecular orbital calculation was used for the theoretical calculation. The calculated results could reproduce the spectra. Especially, in silk I form, observation of splitting of amide I and III bands was in agreement with the predicted bands according to the repeated β-turn type II structural model.


The pK/sub a/ values of the common mononuclear carbonyl hydrides have been determined in acetonitrile by IR measurement of the position of deprotonation equilibria with various nitrogen bases and potassium phenolate. The resulting values cover a range of about 20 pK/sub a/ units, from 8.3 for HCo(CO)/sub 4/ to 26.6 for CpW(CO)/sub 2/(PMe/sub 3/)H. Hydrides with eta/sup 5/-C/sub 5/Me/sub 5/ ligands are appreciably weaker acids than the corresponding hydrides with eta/sup 5/-C/sub 5/H/sub 5/ ligands (e.g., the pK/sub a/ of (eta/sup 5/-C/sub 5/Me/sub 5/)Fe(CO)/sub 2/H is 26.3, while that of (eta/sup 5/-C/sub 5/H/sub 5/)Fe(CO)/sub 2/H is 19.4). The acidities of the group 8 carbonyl hydrides H/sub 2/M(CO)/sub 4/ decrease in the order Fe > Ru > Os.


An archaeological survey of well-preserved Second World War German supply depots and bomb craters from Allied air raids in the Forêt domaniale des Andaines, Normandy, has prompted an evaluation of the effectiveness of Allied intelligence gathering and tactical bombing of the German logistics network in advance of, and during the Normandy Campaign of June–August 1944. In conjunction with analysis of primary German and Allied archive sources, published historical accounts and aerial photographs, we demonstrate that Allied intelligence knew of the importance of the forest as a major fuel depot and attacked it with at least 46 missions over the period 13 June–4 August. However, landscape evidence demonstrates that only one of three fuel depot sites in the forest was successfully identified and partially destroyed by bombing. Allied intelligence efforts also failed to gather sufficient evidence to target one of the largest Seventh Army munitions depots in Normandy. Supply depots in the forest thus remained operational until late in the campaign and will have supported the German Mortain counter-offensive of 7–14 August. The limited success of Allied bombing in the Forêt domaniale des Andaines testifies to the difficulties in striking well-dispersed and camouflaged woodland facilities and supports the argument that the success of air power against German logistics efforts lay primarily in the degradation of the regional communications infrastructure and the Wehrmacht's vehicle fleet rather than the destruction of supply dumps.


Seven hundred and sixty-seven patients with laryngeal cancer were clinically and epidemiologically studied with special reference to early detection of the cancer. In the cases with carcinoma of the glottis, the average period from the onset of hoarseness to the detection of the cancer was approximately 9 months. When laryngeal cancer was detected within 3 months after the onset of hoarseness, early cancer of Ti accounted for 70% of the cases. Therefore, effective public education and mass screening are mandatory for early detection of the laryngeal cancer.It is noteworthy that, in the cases of supraglottic cancer, sore throat and/or cough were very often the first symptoms. Sore throat was the first symptom in 62% and 28% of the cases with cancer of the epilarynx and the false cord respectively.Second primary cancers may sometimes be the cause of death. In this study, double and triple primary cancers developed in 131 (17. 1%) and 13 (1. 7%) cases respectively. Close observation concerning second primary cancer is most advisable during the follow-up period of laryngeal cancer even after 5 years, because the incidence of second primary cancer is quite high.


Emergency Medical Service (EMS) is the system that organizes all aspects of medical care provided to patients in the pre-hospital environment and emergency department within hospitals. It comprises agencies and organizations (both private and public), communication and transportation networks, hospitals, highly trained professionals and a public aware on how to respond in emergencies. Kenya needs robust EMS due to the high prevalence of acute medical events such as COVID-19, natural and man-made disasters. The objective of this study was to assess utilization of ambulance services in Nairobi County. The study design was descriptive cross-sectional, using quantitative and qualitative research methods. Data was collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires and key in-depth interviews from 14 ambulance services, 19 Emergency Care Centers (ECC), and community. Thirty-nine key informants were sampled using purposive sampling technique and 101 community members sampled using simple random sampling technique from 10 sub-counties. Data tools were pretested at Mukuru Kwa Njenga, a populous slum in Nairobi County. Approval to carry out the study was granted by the Ministry of Health, Kenya. Qualitative data was analyzed using NVIVO12 and quantitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics by use of SPSS vs 25 software. Findings are represented as frequencies and percentages. There were 14 ambulance service providers in the Nairobi Metropolitan Services area with a total of 42 ambulances. Forty-one ambulances were facility-based ambulances. All ambulance services had emergency numbers, and only 3 had short-toll free ambulance access numbers. There were 9 different ambulance dispatch centers in the county. Five ambulance services did not have a dispatch Centre. Public members were the first to assist in in 79% emergencies. There was low public awareness on available pre-hospital emergency care services and tollfree lines for emergency services. Ambulances utilization was also low.


A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) slot antenna using narrow slots is proposed. Different from the traditional wideband slot antennas with multiple resonant modes, the proposed design of this paper utilizes the traveling-wave mode. By using a slotline–CPW transition as the convertor, which connects a slotline and four open slots, the forward wave in the slot has small reflection. The working mode keeps stable at different frequencies, i.e., operating in the traveling-wave mode. As a result, both wide bandwidth and stable radiation patterns are achieved with inherent characteristic of traveling-wave mode. The proposed antenna occupies a small area and the slot width is narrow, which make it suitable to be mounted on the edge of metallic surface for wireless devices. Given an instance for validation, a prototype is fabricated, with a slit width of 0.2 mm and a total size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$25\times 30\times 0.762 $ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.24\times 0.29\times 0.007 \lambda _{L0}^{3} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{L0} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the wavelength in free space at the lowest operating frequency). Measured results show that a relative bandwidth (VSWR < 2) of about 121% is achieved, covering the entire UWB. Besides, stable gains and radiation patterns are obtained in the operating band. The time-domain characteristic is also investigated, and a small-signal distortion is achieved.


Abstract This paper theorizes the impact of regret in institutional persistence and change. We articulate a framework modelling how decision-maker regret influences how organizations respond to institutional pressures. The extent to which individuals anticipate regret or deal with previous regrettable experiences leads to the choice of either isomorphic (i.e. more conformist) or non-isomorphic (i.e. less conformist) institutional outcomes. Identifying differences in this response connects regret to institutional arrangements, bringing the individual back to the institution. Doing so, the paper addresses the acknowledged lack of specific attention to micro-level meaning systems in institutional theory, and tangentially deals with the silence in regret research on broader institutional consequences. We conclude by discussing how regret demonstrates an alternative explanation of how divergent organizational responses can occur in similar institutional contexts.


The invention provides a magnetic annealing apparatus, in which a storage unit conveying region for conveying and storing storage unit with a group of processed elements and a processed element conveying region for conveying the processed elements are formed behind an opening and closing door. The magnetic annealing apparatus comprises a control portion, the storage unit conveying region includes a first mounting table, a plurality of second mounting tables, a storage unit and a storage unit conveying mechanism, the storage unit conveying mechanism is used for the input and output the storage unit between the first mounting table, the second mounting table and storage portion, the processed element conveying region includes an aligner, a processed element maintaining part, a processed element conveying mechanism, a heating unit, a magnetic field generating unit, and a transfer mechanism, the processed element conveying mechanism is used for conveying the processed elements between the storage units disposed on the second mounting tables, the aligner and the processed element maintaining part, and the transfer mechanism is used for transferring the processed elements held by the processed element maintaining part into the magnetic field generating unit.


The improved safety of aqueous electrolytes makes aqueous lithium-ion batteries an attractive alternative to commercial cells utilizing flammable and expensive organic electrolytes. Two important issues relating to their use have been addressed in this work. One is the extension of the usable voltage range by the incorporation of lithium salts, and the other is the investigation of a useful negative electrode reactant, LiTi2(PO4)3. The electrochemical stability of aqueous lithium salt solutions containing two lithium salts, LiNO3 and Li2SO4, has been characterized using a constant current technique. In both cases, concentrated solutions had effective electrolyte stability windows substantially greater than that of pure water under standard −2 tability of aqueous electrolytes queous cells over 2 V conditions. At an electrolyte leakage current of 10 A cm between two platinum electrodes in 5 M LiNO3 the cell voltage can reach 2.0 V, whereas with a leakage current of 50 A cm−2 it can reach 2.3 V. LiTi2(PO4)3 was synthesized using a Pechini method and cycled in pH-neutral Li2SO4. At a reaction potential near the lower limit of electrolyte stability, an initial discharge capacity of 118 mAh g−1 was measured at a C/5 rate, while about 90% of this discharge capacity was retained after 100 cycles. This work demonstrates that it is possible to have useful aqueous electrolyte lithium-ion batteries using the ll vol LiTi2(PO4)3 anode with ce


A team of graduate students from Tsinghua University of China, developed a testbed of MEMS Technologies for Space, which is known as MEMSSat. MEMSSat is a picosatellite, in which several MEMSs are integrated as subsystems such as micro propulsion, micro magnetometer, Micro Inertial Measurement Unit (MIMU), etc. These MEMS technologies are expected to be tested through this flight. Besides, micro CMOS camera and micro GPS receiver are also loaded as experimental payloads of MEMSSat. This paper describes the details of MEMSSat.


Frank Norris (1870-1902) had a short but productive life; the publication of "McTeague" in 1899, thrust him into the forefront of emerging American literary realism. The story chronicles the declining fortunes of a slow-witted young San Francisco dentist and his avaricious wife.


This paper is concerned with the thermal buckling analysis of an isotropic inhomogeneous rectangular plate subjected to the arbitrary thermal loads. The fundamental equations system is derived by introducing the technique of the newly defined position of the reference plane, which allows us to analyze the problem using an elementary plate theory. It is assumed that the material properties such as the coefficient of linear thermal expansion α, the thermal conductivity λ, and Young's modulus of elasticity, E, are changed in the thickness direction with the power law of the coordinate variable, whereas Poisson's ratio ν is assumed to be constant. As an illustrative example, we consider the thermal buckling problem of a simply supported inhomogeneous rectangular plate due to uniform heat supply. Numerical calculations are carried out for several cases taking into account the variations of the inhomogeneous material properties, aspect ratio, and width-to-thickness ratio.


The technology of portable spark source, independent of surrounding water environment, needs to be developed for some special situations. The transfer efficiency from electric energy to seismic wave energy is the most important factor in this technology. The electrode filled with water was firstly designed to develop the pulsed discharge experiment. The seismic wave generated by pulsed discharge was measured by seismic wave detector. The relation of seismic wave amplitude and discharge parameter was observed. The electrode component is machined by stainless steel and other materials which have similar acoustic impedance with salt water to enhance the transfer efficiency from electric energy to acoustic energy. The piston-like electrodes were also designed to enhance the transfer efficiency from electric energy to mechanical energy, in which some components could be active up and down due to the impulsive force produced by pulsed discharge. The seismic wave in different electrode construction was measured and analyzed. The experiment result indicates that the amplitude of seismic wave is largest in piston-like electrodes, which also indirectly indicates that the energy of pulsed discharge in closed electrode filled with water is transferred to the ground surface layer mainly by mechanical shock.


Abstract— —The ethanolamine phosphatide fraction was isolated from rat brain at 17, 19, and 22 days of age. Analysis by gas‐liquid chromatography of the liberated fatty aldehydes and alkyl glyceryl ethers demonstrated a chain length composition quite distinct from that of the fatty acids in the comparable 1(3)‐position of the diacyl phosphatides. [1‐14C]‐Acetate was administered intraperitoneally to 17‐day‐old rats. With the exception of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, isotope was readily incorporated into the individual side chains of the 1‐ and 2‐positions of the glycerol moiety. Time studies revealed no readily discernible precursor‐product relationships among the linkages in question. Therefore, although the long chain precursors for the alkenyl and alkyl ethers may be related by biosynthetic interconversion, the isotope data are suggestive of independent pathways of biosynthesis for the alkenyl ether, alkyl ether, and ester linkages.


We intended to reform the teaching method of Pump and Pumping Station Course according to the position,effects,content and characteristics of pump and pumping station course on water supply and drainage engineering.It is helpful to improve teaching effect,enrich the teaching methods and stimulate learning interest of students by the way of refining Classroom Teaching contents,breaking through teaching difficulty,laying stress on practice link,using multimedia teaching during the course of reform.It's important to provide helpful experiences for deepen teaching reform and improve the quality of experimental teaching.


The purpose of this study is to produce a valid, practical and effective module that can facilitate students to integrate the biological learning material with related verses in Al Quran. This was a development research (RD define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research instruments used were validation sheets, student response questionnaires and learning outcomes tests in the form of 20 multiple choice questions. The data analysis technique used was validity data analysis, practicality data analysis, and effective data analysis. Based on the results of the assessment of validator, the module was met with valid category with an average validity of 3.48. This indicates that the module can be applied in learning. Practical level of the module was in positive category with average practicality was 3.65. This indicates that the module can be used by the students easily. The effectiveness of the module was very effective with a percentage of completeness was 100%.


Over the past few years there has been much debate over the controversial concept of gene patents. Gene patents are a fundamental means of protecting the rights of inventors, mainly research centers and farmacutical firms, consisting of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state. Yet there is much controversy as to the appropriateness of patenting what appears to be a part of nature. Numerous legal, social, economical and ethical concerns have been raised about the effects of such patents on clinical medical practice and on research and development. This article examines existing Polish, European and American legal regulations concerning this issue, as well as the most common arguments raised for and against gene patents. It also suggests a few solutions to the discussed controversies.


Real-world face recognition datasets exhibit long-tail characteristics, which results in biased classifiers in conventionally-trained deep neural networks, or insufficient data when long-tail classes are ignored. In this paper, we propose to handle long-tail classes in the training of a face recognition engine by augmenting their feature space under a center-based feature transfer framework. A Gaussian prior is assumed across all the head (regular) classes and the variance from regular classes are transferred to the long-tail class representation. This encourages the long-tail distribution to be closer to the regular distribution, while enriching and balancing the limited training data. Further, an alternating training regimen is proposed to simultaneously achieve less biased decision boundaries and a more discriminative feature representation. We conduct empirical studies that mimic long-tail datasets by limiting the number of samples and the proportion of long-tail classes on the MS-Celeb-1M dataset. We compare our method with baselines not designed to handle long-tail classes and also with state-of-the-art methods on face recognition benchmarks. State-of-the-art results on LFW, IJB-A and MS-Celeb-1M datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our feature transfer approach and training strategy. Finally, our feature transfer allows smooth visual interpolation, which demonstrates disentanglement to preserve identity of a class while augmenting its feature space with non-identity variations.


The national treasury's concentration of accepting and paying is an important measure in the reform of the financial budget system in our country.Currently,the transportation sections are carrying out the popular method of accepting and paying.On the basis of the analysis of the influence on the transportation sections by this method of accepting and paying,the paper puts forward certain suggestions on the national treasary's concentration of accepting and paying by transportation sections.


Indonesia, as a country with a tropical climate, has a diverse prevalence of tropical diseases. Some tropical diseases that often occur in Indonesia such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and pneumonia. This study aims to determine the distribution of DHF and pneumonia in Malang City from 2017-2020. This type of research is a descriptive study with the population and sample of patients with DHF and pneumonia in Malang City obtained from the Malang City Health Office from 2017 to 2020. The data collection technique used in this study was secondary data from the Malang City Health Office. The data that has been collected was then analyzed univariately using the Microsoft Excel program to describe the trend of cases of DHF and pneumonia in the last four years. Sukun District is the District with the highest incidence of DHF in Malang City, with 291 cases. In comparison, Blimbing District is the District with the highest pneumonia cases in Malang City, with a total of 1,914 patients. The highest chances of DHF and pneumonia in Malang City occurred in 2019 as many as 527 cases and 2,716 cases spread across 16 health centers and five sub-districts in Malang City.Keywords: DHF, Malang City, Pneumonia, spread


UDC 629.422 Summary Narrow gauge railways played an important role in the development of countries during the industrialisation process at the end of 1860s and at the beginning of 1870s. Countries like Japan and Switzerland, which are among the leaders in the field of modern industrial technology today, together with Hungary, achieved the fastest dynamic industrial development before the World War I. The 20 000 km long national railway network in Japan is of 1056 mm gauge. Switzerland also had a large narrow gauge (1000 mm) network. In 1918, Hungary had a 6700 km long narrow gauge network together with an 18 000 km standard gauge network. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the 760 mm gauge network in Bosnia and Herzegovina was 1700 km long. After the World War II, one third of the Hungarian railway network was still narrow gauge. The operation of narrow gauge network created special requirements and tasks for the Hungarian steam engine builders.


In the last few years people to student the mental state study healthily not a few,but athletics concerning school to promote student the function study of the mental health not much.This text commences to the mental and healthy level of student from the athletics of the school,carrying on some researches and study to the student's mental and healthy problem,the aim is providing some theories for the development of the athletics of the high school according to and the rationalization suggestion.


The real-time remote sensing data records the ship's position, heading and size in specific waters in detail, and can be used for the safety distance of navigation marks in limited waters with slight blinking. The waters near the target beacon are gridded according to a certain standard, and the frequency of the hulls of other ships sailing around appearing in each grid is counted. At the same time, a corresponding control strategy is adopted according to the characteristics of the measured readings of the GPs OEM board, which has achieved good practical application. The effect has laid the foundation for the digitalization and automation of the waterway.


This article describes the configurable MMST (Microelectronics Manufacturing Science and Technology) machine control architecture. The architecture has been developed to allow for quick insertion into current fabrication facilities while also allowing for a complete bottoms-up implementation of the machine control software. The MMST machine control is specifically designed to work with the next generation of vacuum-processing cluster tools currently under development by semiconductor equipment vendors and provides a windows based, graphical control panel for the equipment user. >


Detroit's Project Rehab, backed by new state program, combines with private investors and business to rejuvenate slum housing, conquer decay and blight, and revitalize the inner city.


Mrs. G. was a beautiful, vivacious lady with a wonderful family. One day, she developed a splitting headache. She had had headaches before, but nothing like this. She called her husband who immedicately came home and found her unconscious on the floor in the kitchen, next to the phone. He called paramedics, and within minutes, his wife was rushed to the emergency room of the community hospital. Hasty examination showed that she was in deep coma with a dilated pupil on the right, rigid extremities and a Babinski sign on the left. Because of respiratory distress, she was intubated, given oxygen, and taken to Radiology where a computerized tomographic (CT) scan of the brain revealed a massive intracerebral hemorrhage in the right hemisphere. During the next 72 hours, the patient stabilized and she could be extubated, although she remained in a coma. Tube feeding was begun and intravenous infusions were discontinued. Physical therapy was instituted and appropriate nursing care continued. After three weeks ,of continued coma, it was obvious that nursing home placement was in order, and she was transferred to the appropriate facility where she resides to this day. Fortunately, the financial resources and insurance of the family are more than adequate for the care ofthe patient. Her husband has visited her every day and continues to hope for her recovery. Her children have likewise been most supportive of their father and pray daily for their mother to recover. However, the grim prospect of no chance for recovery has begun to dawn upon the husband, for it has been many months since this catastrophe occurred. He asks himself, "What is my obligation to my wife?" The doctors give him no encouragement in regard to his wife's prognosis. He is grateful that insurance is lightening the financial burden, but when the insurance runs out, what is he to do? What are the obligations which must be fulfilled? In short, what does a good man do in this morally perplexing situation?


We present deterministic techniques for computing upper and lower bounds on marginal probabilities in sigmoid and noisy-OR networks. These techniques become useful when the size of the network (or clique size) precludes exact computations. We illustrate the tightness of the bounds by numerical experiments.


The European Union has been providing substantial support to academic research on linguistic diversity and multilingualism, and this guide to mobility and inclusion in multilingual Europe (thus, MI...


Eye movement is an important approach to get and promulgate the information of brain.In recent years,most re-searches are to model eyeball as a circle or an ellipse,to use Hough transform detect it,for locating the pupil center.For the traditional Hough transform(including random Hough transform) has a poor fristgerecht,in order to get more accurated ey-emove information,the rate of frames gathering usually has to be over 100 f/s.So,by the special features of dark pupils and approximate circle of pupil,this thesis uses Video Oculographic(VOC) to gather the images,improves the traditional Hough transform,extracts the edge of pupil binary image,chooses three points on the boundary to get a parameter set,and replaces the traditional voting method with the mathematic expectation,calculates the mathematic expectation to get the center of pu-pil.The experiment proves that the method is feasible,accurate and stable.