Jayne Lewis and Lisa Zunshine, eds. Approaches to Teaching the Works of John Dryden. New York: Modern Language Association, 2013. x + 197 pp. $19.75 USD (paperback). ISBN 9781603291262.In a fitting tribute to the range and variety of John Dryden (1631-1700), this volume offers twenty-one short essays by scholars who regularly present his works to undergraduates. Eight of these pieces address the poetry, nine the drama, and four the "prose and translation." In an opening section on "Materials," the editors lament the "scarcity of affordable and fully representative editions of [Dryden's] poetry" and complain that "all the standard literature anthologies ... neglect the drama in favor of the poetry and criticism" (3-4). These are not small matters. The latest edition of the Norton Anthology, still the most commonly used textbook for survey courses in English literature, includes only four complete poems by Dryden, along with pathetic snippets from the criticism and not a single play. As contributors to this volume frequently note, we all make do with photocopied texts, but it is scandalous that there is no affordable paperback offering a fuller sampling of this great writers work. Nor is the Internet, despite its multiplication of resources, a substitute for a comprehensive textbook; this very volumes section on "online resources" is marred by unfortunate errors that may stem from the absence of fact-checking on the Internet. The editors inform us that "Purcell's setting of A Song for Saint Cecilia's Day' [is] widely available on CD and You Tube" and refer to the "many available recordings of Purcell's setting of Alexanders Feast" (8-9). Neither of these items has ever existed. Although Purcell set inferior St. Cecilia poems by Thomas Shadwell and Christopher Fishbourne, he did not write music for Dryden's "Song for Saint Cecilia's Day, 1687," which was set by Giovanni Battista Draghi, whose version survives in at least five manuscripts. The music has been splendidly edited by Bryan White [ "From Harmony, from Heav'nly Harmony" (Novello, 2010)] and intelligently recorded by Peter Holman [Hyperion CDH55257]. Purcell could not possibly have set Alexanders Feast (1697), as he died in 1695; the original setting, sadly lost, was by Jeremiah Clarke. Happily, the section on "Background Materials and Criticism" and the list of "Further Reading Recommendations" are more accurate and helpful. A survey designed to find out what works by Dryden the contributors and a few others teach, with results reported here, gives a useful snapshot of current pedagogical practice, richly supplemented by the essays that follow.The section on Dryden's poetry begins with a bracing and original essay on Religio Laid by Anna Battigelli, who argues that "the poem's forceful dialogic presentation of competing arguments works against... a fixed interpretation. In particular, its attention to outlawed Catholic arguments functions as a kind of Trojan horse, injecting forbidden arguments into the public sphere, thereby allowing a fuller consideration of the problem of determining the rule of faith" (31). Particularly useful here are six questions to be posed to students, who will be, as Battigelli notes, "no more apt than scholars to agree on answers" (35). The next three essays concern Dryden's elegies for the younger poets John Oldham and Anne Killigrew, poems now frequently taught, according to the survey. Cedric Reverand II recommends approaching both these works by using Milton's "Lycidas" as an example of a more "standard" elegy by one poet for another, in the hope of alerting students to some of the stranger features of Dryden's practice. He hopes that students who have read Milton's elegy will respond to the "gloomy Night" at the end of the Oldham poem by realizing that "something is wrong: no heaven, no afterlife, no daystar rising. Dryden is supposed to say, 'You died, but your fame will live on'; instead, he says, 'You won some fame, but you're dead'" (38). …


This paper presents a new approach of modeling the dynamic behavior of supercapacitors using impedance spectroscopy. The new Matlab/Simulink model can be used in simulating the voltage response and energy efficiency, e.g. for automotive power systems. The model in the frequency domain, the parameter calculation as well as the inverse transformation into the time domain are discussed in detail. Furthermore, simulation results are compared with measured data obtained on a test bench.


This paper introduces a distribution transformer monitoring system based on GPRS radio communication system in low voltage distribution network.It is a multi-function system with transformer supervision,power-stealing prevention,measuring and communication etc.The paper also describes in detail the principle and the function of the system.This system has already been installed in Linyi Electric Power Company with the advantages of manageable and less investment.


Objective: To determine the risk factors of infection in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 155 patients with nephrotic syndrome under our department from January 2019 to December 2019. Among them, 43 cases had infection, and the rate of infection was 27.74%. The risk factors of infection were analyzed. Results: Among the 155 patients with nephrotic syndrome, 43 cases developed infection, including 3 cases of upper respiratory tract infection (6.98%), 33 cases of lower respiratory tract infection (76.74%), 3 cases of skin infection (6.97%), 3 cases of urinary tract infection (6.97%), and 1 case of facial nerve infection (2.32%). Compared with the group without infection, the group with infection had lower serum albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels as well as higher serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein levels (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that decreased serum albumin (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14; P < 0.01) and IgG (OR = 1.1; P < 0.144) were independent risk factors for infection. Conclusion: Respiratory infection is the most common infection in nephrotic syndrome, and the decrease in serum albumin and IgG are independent risk factors for infection.


Objectives: Ovarian cancer mortality remains high mainly due to late diagnosis. Since 1999, we have performed colour Doppler transvaginal (CDTV) ultrasound to screen for ovarian cancer. The purpose of this paper is to assess the efficiency of CDTV ultrasound to detect ovarian cancer in early stages. Methods: Screening by CDTV ultrasound was annually performed in asymptomatic women with no family history of ovarian cancer. Women with abnormal screenings had repeat tests after four to six weeks. If the finding remitted, CDTV ultrasound follow-up was performed at one year. If the abnormality persisted, the study was completed with tumour markers, CT scan, and laparoscopy. Results: A total of 397.566 CDTV ultrasound screenings performed in 111.849 women were reviewed. Malignant tumours were diagnosed and histologically confirmed in 77 patients. Borderline lesions were detected in 34 of them (45%) The mean age of the patients was 47 years (±12). Fifty-six (75%) of these tumours were in stage I (including two cases of Fallopian tube carcinoma); four were in stage II; 15 were in stage III; and two lesions detected were metastases. Sixty-eight percent of the patients had normal levels of CA 125, measured after the lesions were detected by CDTV ultrasound study. Conclusions: Although consensus about the benefits of transvaginal ultrasound as a screening procedure is not unanimous, our data suggest that tumours in patients screened with CDTV ultrasound are detected at earlier stages. Additional randomised studies are needed to support these findings.


The literature review had identified that the extreme value theory is widely used in hydrological studies. However, its contribution in air pollution is indisputably important. This paper assesses the use of extreme value distributions of the two-parameter Gumbel, two and three-parameter Weibull, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and two and three-parameter Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) on the maximum concentration of daily PM10 data recorded in the year 2005 in Shah Alam, Selangor. Parameters estimations for
all distributions were evaluated using the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). The goodness-of-fit of the distribution was determined using six performance indicators namely; the accuracy measures which include
Predictive Accuracy (PA), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Index of Agreement (IA) and error measures that consist of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Normalized Absolute Error (NAE). The best distribution was selected based on the highest accuracy measures and the smallest error measures. This study reveals that the three-parameter Weibull was the best fit for daily maximum concentration for PM10. The analysis also demonstrates that the number of days in which the concentration of PM10 exceeded the Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (MAAQG) of 150 mg/m3 for 2005 was 25 days as compared to the actual 15 days.


This presents a retrospective study of 913 individuals killed in traffic accidents in northern Sweden. Of these, 145 were female and 358 male victims dying in accidents involving passenger cars. A comparative analysis was made of these female and male victims, and found that females and males differed with respect to mean age, the distribution of the accidents by month, day and also to some extent hour of the day, the position of the deceased, previous somatic disease, the frequency of drunken driving, the mean blood alcohol concentration, the frequecny of pathological liver changes. Our study revealed no significant increase in the number of inebriated female victims during the period investigated, but the findings may imply that preventive measures to be undertaken in drunken driving differs between females and males.


We report on the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of metal nanoparticles (NPs) prepared in reverse micelles on semiconductor substrates with the aim to fabricate sensitive Schottky-based hydrogen sensors with fast response and high degree of selectivity. We discuss the mechanism of NP monolayer formation and show which parameters are essential for the transition from three-dimensional to two-dimensional growth.


ABSTRACT Gay tourism is commonly studied through pride events in cities. Rethinking the role gay men's bodies and politics play in the context of tourism to Israeli heritage sites, this paper contributes to debates on geopolitics and geographies of sexualities and the embodied approach to tourism. Analyzing daytrips through the Occupied Palestinian Territories, I argue that sensual, embodied and haptic practices, which are immanent to gay men's travel cultures, play into a pinkwashing geopolitics in this specific circumstance. Thus, this paper conceptualizes pinkwashing mechanisms operation through heritage tourist sites just as much as they are produced via the presentation of Tel Aviv as a modern space of acceptance of LGBT sexualities, albeit obviously in different ways. Moreover, tourists' notions of place and non-place construct how (urban) space is produced as meaningful while other (heritage) space is marginalized. Methodologically, I present a reflexive embodied ethnography, which relies on my researcher's reflexivity to produce an analysis through a story.


The article analyses the adverbial adverbs of time on denotation of parts of a day fixed by the author in
the Middle Polissian dialects of Zhytomyr area. The basis of such dialectal adverbiatives is presented by
nominal derivates that demonstrate a formal variety mainly on the phonetic and word-formation levels.
The analysed dialects make an actively used and considerable layer of the dialectal vocabulary on a
volume. In the basis of such аdverbiatives there are mainly substantival roots 'ran-, vechir-, nich-, den-' that
express the names of the basic sentinel segments during twenty-four hours, which are known on the other
walks of life of Ukrainian-linguistic dialectal continuum although they have differences in the phonetic and word-formation filling that testifies to the general progress of the dialectal adverbial system trends and
archaicy of this layer of vocabulary. The variant of analyzable аdverbiatives is marked even in the speech
of one dialect speaker, which testifies to activity of their functioning as one of the most used digits of adverbs
next to local adverbs as the basic representatives of semantics of place and time in the dialectal speech. The
collected material in the Middle Polissian dialects of Zhytomyr area grounds to consider the dialects of time
on denotation of parts of a day in the context of Polishchukys' world view, as often enough adverbial
lexemes function without the specification of pointing on morning-daily or evening-night time in opposition
in 'light part of a day' – 'in dark part of a day'. At the same time for the name of concrete parts of a day in
accordance with semantics of the adverbs such basic semy are distinguished: 'very early, before the sunrise',
'in the morning', 'in daily time, in a day', 'in evening time, in the evening', 'in a night-time, at night' formed
mostly from the roots that express the semantics of corresponding part of a day.


Social movements studies has always divided with classic and new social movement concept. In the classic social movement has always affiliated with political and economic issues especially about social class for labor struggle. But in new social has more complex and plural issues which from grass root and civil society. New social movement has fundamental character to not affiliate with political formal model when classic social movement has emphasized it. New social movements show that the community should be independent from political formal to upholding and struggling for their own issue as universal goals. Based on fundamental character of two social movements perspectives this research wants to show that there is combination between two concepts of social movements which create a concept of hybrid social movements. There is dependency relation between community and state to create collaborative actors and achieve the universal goals. Environment issues is not only the community matters but also the government authority to protect them. In Indonesia, especially in some of region like Kalimantan and Sumatra are the center of value and human life. Rivers management and protection become a crucial problem in Indonesia because the water pollution has been dangerously increased to threat the ecology and aquatic ecosystems. The 3rd "Kongres Sungai Indonesia" was one of the environment movements which seriously giving attention to the rivers in Indonesia. The 3rd "Kongres Sungai Indonesia" was held in Banjarmasin city at 2017 that brings environment issues used combination tactic and openly structure by collaborative actors. The role of state is important for to be an effective strategy in social Mobilization to protect the environment. This study is a qualitative research which use a case study method. This study does not only limit to a single source of evidence but uses many sources of evidence to provide opportunities for researchers to orient themselves to historical issues, attitudes, and wider observation. Primary data collection technique through in-depth interview, with the key informants in this research were Syaiful Adhar, S.E., M.E. as chief of the Third Kongres Sungai Indonesia and also as representatives from private company. The second key informant is Ibnu Sina as a mayor in Banjarmasin city which be pioneer of the Third Kongres Sungai Indonesia. Secondary data collecting through written documents as well as information and news from mass media, final report from committee and another written documents from the stakeholder of the actors in the 3rd Kongres Sungai Indonesia. The research location is located in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan as the venue of the 3rd Kongres Sungai Indonesia. Keywords— Kongres Sungai Indonesia; hybrid social movement; environment


The detection integral equation is a Fredholm equation of the first kind whose kernel is the autocovariance function of a stationary random process. A simple technique is presented for solving this equation when the spectral density of the process is a rational function of frequency. The method uses the solutions of the corresponding Wiener-Hopf equations over the left- and right-hand semi-infinite intervals.


This paper explores the information content of option implied volatility around the announcements and issue dates of Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEOs). The literature on SEOs indicates that announcements and issue dates contain important information about firms and therefore provide profitable opportunities for traders with private information. While prior research has focused on the information content of short sales around SEOs, this study focuses on the information content of options which can act as an alternative for short selling. The empirical analysis provides evidence of informed trading in the options market around SEO announcements. Around SEO issue dates, I find that higher demand for put options is significantly related to larger issue discounts which is consistent with the manipulative trading hypothesis. The results in this study indicate that regulators should consider extending the short-sale restrictions of Rule 105 to restrict trading in related securities.


Cybernetics and general systems theory have fundamentally affected the character of the major theoretical structures employed in social science in recent years. However, in general, theorists have under‐utilized the capacity of these subjects to provide a degree of coherence and unity to social science. In the first of a two‐part paper the authors use a cybernetic framework in constructing an empirical model of a socio‐economic enterprise from a range of literature in organization theory and management science.


A liposome-encapsulated formulation of paclitaxel, a taxoid compound extracted from the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia, with antineoplastic property. Paclitaxel binds to tubulin and interferes with the assembly/disassembly dynamics of microtubules, thereby resulting in the inhibition of cell division. This agent also induces apoptosis via inactivation of the apoptosis inhibitor, B-cell Leukemia 2 (Bcl-2) protein. Paclitaxel liposome formulation potentially enhances delivery of higher doses of paclitaxel to the target tissues and exhibits lower systemic toxicity.


The invention relates to a system and method for optimizing parallel tasks. According to the system, a dispatch server and a plurality of task submission terminals are connected through first network environment, and the dispatch server and a plurality of computational nodes are connected through second network environment; a virtual machine runs through the computational nodes, and a uniprocessor program runs on the virtual machine; the task submission terminals upload task files to the dispatch server through a first command line under the first network environment; the dispatch server dispatches the task files to one of the computational nodes under the second network environment according to the first command line and the task files, and the task files comprise data parameters; the uniprocessor program carries out processing according to the data parameters to obtain a computational result; the result is returned to the task submission terminals through the dispatch server. Therefore, parallel processing is carried out on the tasks through the dispatch server, corresponding computation runs on the computational nodes according to the data parameters, a large number of parallel tasks are computed fast, and time consumed by computation is reduced.


The paper suggests a new construct for explaining collaborative innovation at the city level. Although there is a growing interest in innovation in the public sector (Boris, 2008; Osborne & Brown, 2011) specifically in a collaborative approach (Hartely et al, 2013), it mostly remains at the national level. We will examine the city level as a unique case of local public governance and proposes a new construct to analyze innovation in the city is termed the "Hexagon Helix". This concept represents an expansion of Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff's original conception of the "Triple Helix" (1995) which is composed of three elements: university, industry and central government. The interactions that compose the network between these actors in the national and regional levels create added value and permits transfer of knowledge and innovation between the organizational entities (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 1995, 2000). The new construct translates the model to the urban level adding geographic scope, social conditions a...


Partial shading is one of the main causes in reducing the output power of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper proposes a circuit to recover the energy of shaded PV modules during partial shading condition (PSC). The proposed circuit, which is a combination of a buck–boost converter and the switched-capacitor (BBSC) circuits, equalizes the voltage of PV modules and prevents bypass diodes from bypassing the shaded modules in a string. Hence, shaded PV modules can have a contribution in output generated power instead of being bypassed. The main features of the BBSC are the utilization of the reduced number of switches in comparison with buck–boost and switched-capacitor circuits, a simple switching control strategy, and fast voltage equalization. In addition, a BBSC circuit is almost a lossless circuit during uniform shading conditions. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed BBSC circuit, both simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC software and experimental results are presented.


This was originally given as a public talk as part of larger session about tying one's discipline (philosophy, in my case) to the issues of zombies and the zombie apocalypse, in 2014. I'm not a zombie film fan. I don't know all the nuances of the different films, as I haven't seen most of them. But, presented with the scenario, I thought seriously about it. As I was talking to the crowd, my wife was on stage with me dressed as a zombie and playing the character the whole time. I ask you to think of this as looking at the person who just had his or her loved one turn and is wrestling with the issue. I don't know why she went out to the shed when we have most all of what we need in the house, but she did. She saw them and ran. But as I watched out the window realizing what was transpiring, screaming expletive after expletive, I knew this was going to get tough. So, yeah, she was bitten. Understand me, I love my wife. I love her so much. But I have a question to face and it's a hard one. Now what? The question "Now what?" isn't as easy as it would appear. Movies would tell me to have a quiet moment with her, then, when she is about to turn, kill her in some way-shooting her, hitting her with a shovel, whatever. This would imply that the answer to the question is killing her. What is strange about this is that I really don't understand the question in the first place. This supposedly clear answer presumes that I understand the question, which I really don't. However, upon reflection, the question gets much more elaborate. The reason for "Now what?" is that the situation is one that people, hopefully, do not find themselves in often. And I don't mean the zombie-turning. The question is one of a person in the full moral sense that is rapidly losing her moral status. The transitional time is too tricky to discuss here (without some clear guidelines as to how zombification proceeds, the time from infection to full zombie is hard to discuss). What we can assume is that she will at some point become a zombie. So that beginning question is a starting point for many issues ranging from medical ethics, procreative ethics, end of life ethics, environmental ethics, etc.:--does a X (in our case a zombie) have moral standing? We must realize that moral standing isn't exactly an all or nothing affair; it comes in degrees. If the zombie has moral standing, to what degree does it? This is the core question. It won't answer everything, but it points one down a path to other answers without presuming too much. Once one realizes we need to address the standing question, a number of new questions pop up. One question that jumps out is whether it's ok to kill the zombie. Is it morally acceptable to kill the zombie given the degree to which the zombie has moral standing? Also, there's the question of whether any of the obligations I had to the person carry over to the zombie once turned? That is, do I have obligations to my wife once she is a zombie? Do I have an obligation to let my zombie-wife eat my brains since I had obligations to help her feed herself when she was not a zombie (I do all the cooking in my house, just FYI)? While there are any number of other issues that will arise, this unpacks the "Now what?" sufficiently to begin. Moral standing is a monster of an issue (pun intended). There are numerous reasons for this. One is that moral standing, moral status, and moral agent, are often confused (and there are other concepts as well, but we will just keep the focus here). We need to break this down as much as possible. When we talk of moral standing, we're referring to the determination of those who are to be protected by moral norms and practices. This is a broad category. Here we are not asking whether the entity has moral or legal rights as such, but asking whether the entity has any moral importance. One phrase some use for entities that fall into this category is "moral patient." I like this phrasing (though "moral standing" is more common). …


We present the design and simulation of a DOA system composed by a novel 2D stacked Luneburg lens and an antenna array. The non-resonant lens is composed of 7 layers of a dual-diameter structure. The variation in the refraction index is achieved by adding cylindrical air inclusions in a dielectric base material. The results demonstrate that the design is suitable in direction finding applications.


A review is given of the different types of symmetry exhibited by the prebuckling, buckling and postbuckling responses of composite stiffeners. A simple and efficient computational strategy is presented for generating both the postbuckling response and the sensitivity derivatives, with respect to lamination and material parameters, in the presence of symmetry-breaking conditions. The potential of the foregoing strategy for solving practical space structure problems is discussed, and its effectiveness is demonstrated by means of a numerical example of the postbuckling and sensitivity analyses of a composite stiffener with a Zee-section subjected to uniform end shortening.


In the fall of 2005, GlaxoSmithKline called attention to recently collected safety data indicating an increased risk of major congenital malformations among infants exposed during organogenesis to ...


In order to study the effects of core saturation to steady reactance of pumped storage motor,the field-circuit coupled time-stepping finite element(FEM) model which is based on unit machine is builded in this paper. The reactance curve and field figure and the steady state reactance in generator and motor working conditions are obtained by time domain method. Simultaneously,the steady state reactance is calculated by frequency domain method. The calculated values of time domain method and frequency domain method and the design are basically the same in the rated operating conditions. And then,the saturated synchronous reactances in different load and power factor of two conditions are calculated by the two methods. Analysis the regularity,and thus provides a theoretical basis for electromagnetic design.


Due to the lower power of the navigation signal when it reaches the ground, the receiver is susceptible to various intentional or unintentional interference, affecting the navigation and positioning functions, therefore, the demand for receiver anti-jamming technology is increasing. The antenna array spatial adaptive anti-jamming technology can effectively suppress various narrowband and wideband interferences, and improving the SINR, which is beneficial to the signal acquisition, tracking and position resolution of the receiver backend. In this paper, the spatial adaptive anti-jamming algorithm is introduced firstly, and then the influence of receiver channel inconsistency on spatial adaptive anti-jamming algorithm is analyzed.


Flat fading approximation assumes that the system bandwidth is small compared to the coherence bandwidth. An upper bound is derived for an approximation to the error involved in flat fading approximation thereby giving us a measure of the degradation. The bound is found to vary as the square of the system bandwidth to coherence bandwidth ratio.


Based on the Landsat TM image data in 1987,1992,1997,2002 and 2007,using RS、GIS and statistical analysis methods,the temporal and spatial characteristics of land use/cover change in Xiamen were analyzed.The aim of this paper was to clarify the main driving forces affecting land use/cover change,furthermore,to provide scientific basis for the sustainable use of land resources.The results showed that:(1) Arable land in Xiamen during the last 20 years was significantly reduced by 286.3km2,while construction land and bare land increased by 216.7km2 and 75.6km2,respectively.(2) Both the land use intensity and land transition velocity showed an increasing tendency.(3) Rapid industrialization,transportation expansion,industrial restructuring and the transform of land use policy played an important role in the process of land use/cover change.It was needed for achieving sustainable use of urban land resources to confirm the optimum land-use structure,following ecological principles and ecology ideology.


Asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexa-1,3-diene 17a, 6,6-dimethyl-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexa-1,3-diene 17b, and 5,5-dimethyl-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexa-1,3-diene 17c with several chiral acetylenedicarboxylates were conducted. Modest levels of diastereoselectivity were obtained for several examples. -- Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations for the Diels-Alder reactions of 2-hydroxy analogues of these dienes with di-t-butyl acetylenedicarboxylate were carried out to help interpret the experimental results. Four transtion states having very similar relative energies were obtained for each diene-dienophile combination. The calculations also supported an asynchronous transition state with the shorter incipient bond nearest the electron-donating trimethylsiloxy group. It follows that the ester group further from the trimethylsiloxy group most likely adopts a fixed, parallel-planar conformation to activate the triple bond for attack, whereas the other ester is perpendicular to the incoming diene. -- (3-Phenylsulfonyl-2-propynyl) 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohex-3-enyl) ethanoate 223 and ((E)-3-phenylsulfonyl-2-propenyl) 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-(((1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl)oxy)cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)ethanoate 231 could serve as precursors in the synthesis of pentalenolactones. Our synthesis of these compounds was based on alkylation of 4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one 20c with 2-halo esters similar to compound 146. -- Various 2-bromo esters were prepared and converted to their corresponding 2-iodo equivalents via the Finkelstein reaction. These 2-iodo esters were found to undergo alkylation in good yield with 4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one 20c. In this manner, (3-phenylthio-2-propynyl) 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohex-3-enyl)ethanoate 205 was synthesized from (3-phenylthio-2-propynyl) 2-iodoethanoate 204. Treatment under kinetic conditions gave the desired diene, (3-phenylthio-2-propynyl) 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-(((1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl)oxy)cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)ethanoate 220. Activation of the alkyne, by oxidation to the sulfone, gave (3-phenylsulfonyl-2-propynyl) 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohex-3-enyl)ethanoate 223. -- A similar route involving (E)-3-phenylsulfonyl-2-propen-1-ol 227 as the starting alcohol resulted in ((E)-3-phenylsulfonyl-2-propenyl) 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohex-3-enyl)ethanoate 230. Diene formation under thermodynamic conditions gave ((E)-3-phenylsulfonyl-2-propenyl) 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-(((1,1 dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl)oxy)cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)ethanoate 231.


A class of generalized Randall‐Sundrum type II (RS) brane‐world models with Weyl fluid are confronted with the Gold supernovae data set and BBN constraints. We consider three models with different evolutionary history of the Weyl fluid, characterized by the parameter α. For α = 0 the Weyl curvature of the bulk appears as dark radiation on the brane, while for α = 2 and 3 the brane radiates, leaving a Weyl fluid on the brane with energy density decreasing slower than that of (dark) matter. In each case the contribution Ωd of the Weyl fluid represents but a few percent of the energy content of the Universe. All models fit reasonably well the Gold2006 data. The best fit model for α = 0 is for Ωd = 0.04. In order to obey BBN constraints in this model however, the brane had to radiate at earlier times.


Abstract
 This chapter aims to bring attention to some of the constraints older women face in their leisure and tourism pursuits. Being female and an older adult makes the leisure experiences of older women complex; fighting against not only patriarchal views of the world, but also the ageist stereotypes that say this is who older women are and how they should act. The chapter explains how several sexist and ageist discourses contribute to older women's understandings of what activities are appropriate and accessible to them. Using a lens of intersectionality allows for the complexity of older women's leisure and tourism experiences to be more thoroughly explained by accounting for multiple social identities. The homogenizing and oppressive nature of patriarchal views, like body image, ethic of care, and ageism, are suppressive of the possible identities and full range of leisure opportunities available to older women. As the general population continues to age, a better understanding of the complexities of older women's experiences becomes imperative. This chapter also provides ideas for how the leisure and tourism communities can begin to correct the missteps currently happening in our fields.


Purpose: To propose a new technique, noncoplanar intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (Nonco_IMRT), for young female patients with mediastinal lymphoma, and to evaluate its dosimetric features. Methods: We used to adopt a coplanar IMRT technique (Co_IMRT) to treat patients with mediastinal lymphoma. Typically it has 7 equal‐spaced beams starting from gantry angle of 206°. Large volume of lungs were irradiated, and also bilitaral breasts if the patient were female. Recently, we switched to apply Nonco_IMRT technique which use 2 noncoplanr beams in sagital plane (couch angle 90°, collimator angle 90°,gantry angle 330° and 30°) replace the 2 beams of Co_IMRT that irradiate breasts and lungs directly. Nonco_IMRT was compared against Co_IMRT through a planning comparison study of 15 young female patients. PTV coverage and OAR dose parameters were analyzed. Results: For all patients, the PTV coverage, heart V30 and spinal cord dose were approximately equal between two techniques (P>0.05). But the mean dose and low dose region of bilateral breasts and lungs significantly decreased in noncoplanar IMRT (P<0.05). The reduction of the breast V2.5 and lung V5 was 33.1% and 9.28%, respectively. Conclusions: Compared to conventional Co_IMRT, Nonco_IMRT significantly reduces dose to breasts and lungs, and consequently reduces the possibility of breast second cancer and pulmonary toxity. Besides young female patients,Nonco_IMRT can benefit other mediastinal lymphoma patients as well.


Legal interpretation is a complex subject that raises several problems, and one of them relates to the question whether legal interpretative propositions are objective. Several claims arguing in favor of this objective stance are discussed in the article with the idea of understanding the nature of such claims.


Nonnus, as well as being soaked in Homer and, no doubt, earlier epics on his particular theme (enough survives of Dionysius, Bassarica, to show the debt), had a great affection for the Hellenistic master—above all Callimachus, Apollonius, Theocritus, and Euphorion. For this reason he can provide valuable help towards the study of fragments and new papyri. Pfeiffer, in his edition of the Callimachus fragments, is of course fully alive to this point, and regularly quotes Nonnus. From the other side there is a useful collection of parallels in Keydell's Dtonysiaca (1959) and the new Nonnus lexicon (ed. Werner Peek) will be invaluable, though not a complete substitute for actually reading the poem because imitation need not involve more than a small amount of verbal reminiscence.


Methods of processing technology pieces of magnetic-pulse punching through reconfiguration are considered. The method of economic assessment in the choice of batch processing technology level schemes blanks magnetic pulse stamping based on reconfiguration. Displaying feasibility study cost reduction processing workpieces.


PURPOSE: To enable a single unit to perform ventilation while dehumidifying or humidifying the inside of a room, enable the device to perform a normal total heat exchanging type ventilation when there is no necessity of dehumidification or humidification, and make the device compact. CONSTITUTION: When a heating means 4 which is provided in an outdoor air passage and also a heating means 5 which is provided in an indoor air passage are put under a non-heating condition, and a solid absorbing material rotor 6 is also put under a rotation stop condition, ventilation is done by performing a total heat-exchanging between the indoor air and outdoor air. When one of the heating means 4 provided in the outdoor air passage and the heating means 5 provided in the indoor air passage is put under a heating condition, the other means is put under a non-heating condition, and the solid absorbing material rotor 6 is rotation-driven, the ventilation is performed simultaneously while performeding dehumidification, or the ventilation is performed simultaneously while performing humidification. By this method, a dehumidifying- ventilation, humidifying-ventilation and normal total heat-exchanging type ventilation can be performed by a single unit of a total heat-exchanger 3, and the device can be made compact. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The way of evaluating limits of dissemination forms lim(1+u(x))v(x)(x→∞)(u(x)→0,v(x)→∞) and lim(sin t(x)/t(x))(x→0)=1(t(x)→0) of Cardinal Limits(1+1/x)x=e(x→∞) and lim(sin x/x)=1(x→0) have been given.which are Very efficient in evaluating limits ofthis two kinds.


A survey was conducted in 1999 of teenagers with Down syndrome in Hampshire (n = 46), replicating and extending a previous survey conducted in 1987 (n = 90). A questionnaire which covered all aspects of the teenagers lives was completed by parents, along with standardised scales (Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale and Conners Rating scales) which assessed daily living skills, communication skills and socialisation skills. Significant progress was seenin these areas with age, with the exception of communication skills in children in special schools. No differences were found between children attending mainstream and special schools in terms of daily living skills and most aspects of socialisation. However, the teenagers who had attended special schools had higher scores on interpersonal relationships, as the older teenagers in this group were more likely to have a boyfriend or girlfriend, a special friend and belong to clubs. Communication skills were significantly better in the mainstream group. In addition, despite general increases in academic expectations, a lack of progress in skills was observed in the 1999 special school group compared to the teenagers who took part in the 1987 survey. The extent of behaviour difficulties was also measured and behaviour was found to improve with age. Concerns that mainstream education may increase reports of difficult behaviour were not confirmed, with children in mainstream education less likely to have difficulties. The conclusion is drawn that inclusion has achieved what was hoped for in spoken language, behaviour, social development and academic benefits, but not for social inclusion. Recommendations for addressing this final point are presented.


Access to a body of published research is important to the development of research and to inform quality patient care. Measures of such activities are determined by bibliometric analysis of publication databases. This project aims to identify the scope of such publications in vascular ultrasound and its implications for the ultrasound professionals. Major databases were surveyed to identify the range of publications in "vascular ultrasound" from 2016 to 2018. The topics, sources, and relevance of the publications were noted along with recognized impact factors and other parameters. A list of target journals was created in radiology, ultrasound, and clinical vascular spheres. These journals were assessed for bibliometric parameters, total number of articles, and articles specific to vascular ultrasound. Web of Science was used over a 3-year period to identify 4136 articles (1421, 1384, and 1326 in each of 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively). This search returned 414 pages; of these, 2-page analysis revealed 15% were relevant to vascular ultrasound practice. Of the 21 "highly cited" articles, one was related to carotid ultrasound and one was aortic practice guidelines. Of the 31 targeted journals (radiology, 5; ultrasound, 16; vascular surgery, 7; vascular medicine, 3), 3873 articles were published; 123 (3.2%) were relevant to vascular ultrasound. The maximum vascular ultrasound content in any one journal was 8%. The activities were guidelines, 11; cases, 7; and mixed other, 105. The topics were carotid, 30; arterial, 17; aorta, 7; venous, 16; education, 12; and other, 41. The impact factor was 0.36 to 16.8 (median = 2.1). None of the targeted journals nor the major databases have much content in vascular ultrasound. The choice of journal for publication should be determined by potential audience rather than the journal itself. As a tool for an environment scan of trends in vascular ultrasound, no journal serves well.


A survey of all general surgeons in one regional health authority has shown that despite the increase in laparoscopic surgery following the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopy was used in the management of acute abdominal pain by 28% of consultants and only 10% of trainee surgeons. In a retrospective study of 316 patients undergoing open appendicectomy the histological appearance of the appendix was normal in 60 (19%). In a non-randomized prospective study only 13 of 30 patients laparo-scoped who were due to undergo open appendicectomy had acute appendicitis. Patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic appendicectomy had a shorter post-operative hospital stay (1.7 ± 0.2 days) compared to those undergoing open appendicectomy (2.9 ± 0.2 days), which is highly significant (P < 0.0001). In the management of acute abdominal pain laparoscopy can significantly reduce unnecessary operative intervention and allow earlier discharge from hospital and return to full mobility.


Sequential data publishing is a scenario of multiple releases in which the attributes are changed for each release. To protect the privacy of individuals in a sequential dataset, $l$ - diversity can be applied, and full-domain generalization is a generalization technique that can transform a given dataset to satisfy the $l$-diversity requirement. In full-domain generalization, an answer of domain generalization can be searched from a lattice of domain generalization. However, a lattice of domain generalization consists of all possible domain generalizations, i.e., nodes, that is not efficient for searching. Therefore, this paper presents an adaptive lattice of domain generalization for a sequential dataset that can adapt the number of nodes in the lattice based on our proposed common root node. Our experimental results show that the adaptive lattice of domain generalization can considerably reduce the number of nodes in the lattice of domain generalization compared with the traditional lattice.


ABSTRACT A reasonably precise and measureable definition.of coordination is that coordination is the exchange of needed resources between.two organizations: The Early-Childhood Development DiVision in Texas c,valuated how and why coordination begins and is maintained over time in groups of two organizations and in networks of many .organizations. In studying the pairs Of organizationS it was-found that four factors needed to eiist before o'fgänizations would exchange resources--awateness, resource dependence, dOmain consensus, and problem commitment cf goal similarity. Among the major findings of the study were that coordination occurs primarily as a rational response tc a need for resources necessary to achieve certain organizational goals; that organizations that have sodething in common are more likely to coordinFte than are those with nothing in common; that successful relationships are likely to emerge' incrementally and to grow with small, successful encounters; and that the effectiveness cf coordination can be measured by the amount of resources aVailable as a result of coordination, by the attitudes of the partners, by reduction in competition between agencies, and through formalization of communication. An eight-step planning process for improving interagency coordination is included. (Author/IRT)


Polarization detection is becoming increasingly widespread in many related fields,the calibration and correction of the polarization detection system is a premise to extract exploration targets accurately.In this paper,the principle of camera calibration algorithm based on 2D planar is introduced,and the linear model as well as nonlinear distortion model of the camera is set up.Then we get accurate internal and external camera parameters by linear and nonlinear algorithm.We obtain the projection coordinates before distortion by solving binary higher-order nonlinear equations based on the lens distortion model.To achieve effective correction of distorted images,we set up the relationship between amount of distortion of each pixel and distance to the distortion center.In addition,we carry on a test to the distortion image before and after correction,the result shows that the actual amount of distortion is consistent with theory of distortion model;the polarization image after correction can effectively raise the accuracy of object extraction,and the correction of polarization image has the most positive impact for the accuracy of object extraction in complex background.


The object of the study is a fermented wheat product with increased nutritional value. This product was obtained by steeping and germinating wheat grain in a solution of the enzyme preparation until sprouts no more than 2 mm in length appeared. Then it was dried and ground. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition of the fermented wheat product to be used in the production of bakery products. It was established that in germinating wheat grain the amount of proteins and fiber increases 1,6 and 2,5 times respectively; the amount of total carbohydrates lowers (62,4 %) as a result of a decrease in the starch content (60,0 %), along with an increase in mono- and disaccharides by a factor of 1.5. Vitamin content (B complex) in the test product was found to be as follows: В1 – 0,19 mg, В2 – 0,09 mg, В3 – 7,24 mg, В4 – 0,089 mg, В5 – 0,67 mg, В6 – 0,12 mg, В9 – 0,017 mg. Potassium is shown to predominate in the fermented product as for macro elements. After germination its amount increases twofold. Iron is the most abundant trace elements in the analyzed product (7,2 mg/100 g of product). Studies made into amino acid composition showed that the content of lysine amounts to 637 mg/00 g of product, leucine - 1145 mg/100 g of product. The data obtained make it possible to recommend a fermented wheat product for obtaining bakery products with an anti-stress effect and increased biological value


Extending the traditional treatment of the corporate tax to an economy with a progressive personal tax fundamentally changes the analysis. While the corporate tax system (CTS) does increase the total tax rate on corporate source income for some investors, the exclusion of retained earnings implies that the CTS lowers the tax rate for high-income investors. Analyzing such an economy requires replacing the traditional "equal-yield" equilibrium condition with a more general portfolio balance model. In this model, introducing a CTS can actually increase the corporate share of the capital stock even though the relative tax rate on corporate income rises.


Aim: The pathophysiology of perinatal brain lesions is probably complex and multifactorial. The development and characterization of distinct yet complementary animal models should help to unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying perinatal brain lesions. This paper reviews experimental data obtained in animal models of neonatal excitotoxic brain lesions that closely mimic some of the lesions found in human cerebral palsy.


Abstract : The research contributed to the study of Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) in field experiments involving real managers making real decisions. This research was conducted by the Air Force Institute of Technology with the Air Force Armstrong Laboratory to evaluate the efficacy of using GDSS technology in an Air Force decision making environment. This study compared facilitated GDSS, facilitated manual, and unfacilitated manual decision making processes. This study focused on performance and secondary outcomes resulting from GDSS effects versus process structure effects. The research evaluated two performance outcomes: GDSS efficiency in terms of decision speed and effectiveness in terms of consensus. Post-process questionnaires were used to compare groups with respect to the participant's perceptions. The study concluded that GDSS, process structure, and group dynamics impacted performance. GDSS groups experienced lower decision speeds and consensus compared to facilitated manual groups which, in turn, experienced lower decision speeds and consensus compared to unfacilitated manual groups. Participants perceived the GDSS process as more difficult than the facilitated manual process. Likewise, participants perceived the facilitated manual process as more difficult, more structured, and producing more conflict than the unfacilitated manual process. These findings are consistent with other field studies which concluded that small groups or groups performing less complex choice-type tasks may not benefit from use of a GDSS.


Abelmoschus esculent us, see Okra Acid, fatty Effect of food intake and dietary fatty acids on the activity of stearoyl-CoAA* desaturase in pig adipose tissue (Buller and Enser), 601 Response of plasma minerals, free fatty acids and glucose to adrenaline and cortisol infusion in sheep (Bolton and Weekes), 209 Adrenaline Response of plasma minerals, free fatty acids and glucose to adrenaline and cortisol infusion in sheep (Bolton and Weekes), 209 Allogamy Allogamy, varietal adulteration and the breeding of okra in Nigeria (Akoroda), 313 Altitude Effects of season, altitude and daylength on floral initiation of two contrasting genotypes of Trifolium repena L. (Von Sury and Nosberger), 149 Aluminium Manganese-mediated resistance to aluminium and antibiotics in strains of Azospirillum brasilense and their interaction with rice genotypes in acid soil (Rai), 279 Andropogon gayanus Selection of the components of a synthetic variety of Andropogon gayanus (Grof), 629 Antibiotic Maganese-mediated resistance to aluminium and antibiotics in strains of Azospirillum brasilense and their interaction with rice genotypes in acid soil (Rai), 279 Aphicide Relationship of soil mineral NO3-N with stem NO3-N concentration, and of fertilizer-N with the amount of nitrogen taken up by winter wheat, in experiments testing nitrogen fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1983 (Darby et al), 497 Azolla pinnata Relative effects of Azolla pinnata and its combination with chemical nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and N uptake of rice (Singh and Singh), 107 Azospirillum brasilense Manganese-mediated resistance to aluminium and antibiotics in strains of Azospirillum brasilense and their interaction with rice genotypes in acid soil (Rai), 279


[Objective]To observe the clinical effect of nerve block anesthesia combined with ketamine on operation below the navel in children.[Methods]Children who were treated with operation below the navel were randomly divided into group A and group B,108 cases in each group.Group A was given nerve block anesthesia combined with ketamine,and group B was given intravenous general anaesthesia.The anesthetic effect and recovering time of two groups were observed.[Results]The recovering time of 51 cases in group A was less than 5 minutes,and none in the group B.The recovering time of 57 cases in group A was between 5 minutes and 10 minutes,and none in the group B.There was significant difference between two groups.The difference in anesthetic effect between two groups was not significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]Nerve block anesthesia is able to meet the requirement of operation,it can provide an enough anesthesia level,decrease the anesthesia complications,and improve the safety of anesthesia in children.


In 2021 a group of farmers and landowners along the Nguturoa Stream in the Manawatū-Whanganui Region began a study into water quality. The farmers felt that they needed precise information to establish their farming priorities for improving the waterway, and for monitoring the effects of making management changes. Monthly sampling and laboratory testing were carried out across the catchment and field tests werealso undertaken at the time of sampling. The results were compared to those in the Manawatū River, the ultimate receiving environment for the catchment. The results highlighted that throughout the year the water in the Nguturoa Stream had lower dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations than the Manawatū River, but it had higher organic nitrogen concentrations in most months. Almost all the phosphorus results were above those measured in the Manawatū River as were the turbidity results. On seven occasions the Nguturoa Stream had E.coli results above the standard in the National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management 2020. Compared to the laboratory test results, the field tests that were used were found to be inconsistent and unreliable for catchment and farm management decision making. The results highlighted for the farmers that overland flow was a more important source of instream contamination than they expected, for nitrogen, phosphorus and E.coli as well as sediment.


Abstract This paper is an attempt to capture the socio-cultural changes that have occurred among Hindu women whose ancestral roots are from the Hindi speaking areas of North India, now settled in Durban, on the east coast of South Africa. Data was gathered from interviews with 40 women, whose ages ranged from 20 to 84 years, essentially representing three generations. Our interest lay in comparing and contrasting the educational levels, values and practices to which the women subscribed. The purpose was to demonstrate how increased exposure to education reflected at least two fundamental issues in the study of women in the South African segment of the Indian Diaspora viz. conflictual situations of coexistence in subservience to family values together with a concomitant rise in individualism; and the need for a multidimensional model to assess change and continuity among people who are products of conservative value systems operating in a fast changing world which nonetheless remains interwoven with their domestic lifestyles.


Low dimensional conductors (LDC) showing a strong anisotropy of crystal structure and electron properties are characterized by the Peierls metal-insulator transition accompanied by charge density wave (CDW) formation. The CDW contribution to conductivity of such conductors results in unusual electric properties: frequency and electric field dependent conductivity, current oscillations, etc. These properties ensure possible practical applications of LDC's in microwave electronics: sensitive bolometers as well as expanded dynamic range mixers and electrically and optically controlled switches. The bulk nonlinear properties of these materials are used, which leads to simple designs, eliminating the need for submicron technique. LDC's exhibit nonconventional electric properties which enables their possible applications in microwave electronics to be discussed. They have an anisotropic crystal structure accompanied by a strong anisotropy of electric properties. Quasi-one-dimensional conductors CID) are characterized by the presence of well conducting stacks of molecules which are weaakly bounded to each other and similar to a system of metallic filaments inserted into a dielectric matrix. In quassi-two-dimensional conductors (92D0) t he highi conductivity exists in a crystallographic plane.


High precision positioning and orientation system and gravity measurement systems require high resolution accelerometer,but it is difficult to determine the resolution of high precision accelerometer by the traditional testing method.In this regard,a dynamic resolution estimation method of using two-axis turntable,that is,a uniform-motion rotating modulation algorithm was presented.That is,the accelerometer was mounted on a two-axis turntable table board,and a small angle lock around inclined shaft of the turntable was set after being leveled.In order to subdivide the acceleration of gravity,the rotary shaft was rotated in a certain angular velocity.The output of accelerometer was sampled,and the data was filtered by the FFT low-pass filter.The resolution of accelerometer may be determined by the output by analyzing the maximum change at the peak and valley value.Finally,the resolution was verified by the experiment for a certain type of accelerometer.And,the experiment results show that the theoretical maximum change of the input acceleration is 9.36×10-8g and the acceleration sensed by accelerometer was 1.05×10-7g when the inclination angle,the angular rate of rotation modulation and sampling frequency were 0.001°,10(°)/s and 32 Hz respectively.


Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a newly discovered key enzyme that initiates fat mobilization and predominantly hydrolyzes triglyceride into diglyeeride.It plays a pivotal role during lipolysis with hormone sensitive lipase(HSL) that was recognized as the typical rate-limiting enzyme.ATGL is related to lipolysis, and plays an importart role in dyslipidemia and related disease.This review focuses on ATGL and its relation with lipolysis,obesity,typo 2 diabetes mellitus.

Key words:
Adipose triglyceride lipase; Hormone sensitive lipase; Lipolysis; Obesity; Type 2 dia-betes mellitus


Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic disorder of lipoprotein metabolism leading to an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Genetic testing for FH is not commonly used in Asian countries. We aimed to define the genetic spectrum of FH in Hong Kong and to test the feasibility of cascade genetic screening.


With the declining of our farmland and increasing of landless peasants,the livelihood of farmers in Chengdu Plain has been greatly affected and challenged.A large number of peasants are faced with the difficulty of changing their former simple traditional livelihood into livelihood diversity.How and what do they choose the means of livelihood diversity is closely connected with their household income and the stability of rural areas in Chengdu Plain.This paper,using foreign analysis method on farmers' livelihoods capital,analyzes the reasons and motivations of this change in Chengdu Plain by empirical study and case interviews.It also studies the great effect that human capital has made during this process.According to the survey results and the actual situation in the survey area,we adjust the specific index.This paper analyzes famers' livelihood capital status,the characteristics of livelihood diversity on Chengdu Plain,as well as the relationship between capital and livelihood diversity.The analysis results in the following conclusions:residents' livelihood capital and the livelihood diversity levels are in moderate positive correlation;human capital and livelihood diversity levels are in high positive correlation.


THE REVOLVING FUND IDEA ALLOWS FOR A FIXED AMOUNT OF MONEY TO BE AVAILABLE AT ANY GIVEN TIME, THROUGH A PROCEDURE THAT REQUIRES THE FUTURE RECIPIENT OF THE LAND BEING ACQUIRED TO BUDGET AND REPAY THE FUND. THE MARYLAND- NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION ESTABLISHED SUCH A PROGRAM IN 1969 WHEREBY $15 MILION WAS SET ASIDE IN A REVOLVING FUND. CASE HISTORIES DEMONSTRATE HOW THIS MONEY WAS MADE AVAILABLE TO AGENCIES TO STAY ABREAST OF FUTURE NEEDS AND AS AN INSTRUMENT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS WHEN PURCHASES FROM PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS WERE INDICATED. /AUTHOR/


This paper proposed a secure and fast image encryption algorithm which is composed of permutation and substitution of pixels. In order to eliminate the relation between adjacent pixels in the image sufficiently, firstly, the sequence which derives from Logistic map is sorted as an ascending order, and the transformation function of element's index can be obtained in this process. Secondly, perform XOR operation between the scrambled pixel sequence and another chaotic sequence which derives from Henon map. Experiment simulations show that the proposed algorithm is secure against different types of attacks and can be applied to the real time encryption.


The long-term mechanical reliability of polarization-maintaining and single-polarization single mode optical fibers drawn from ground preforms is of growing interest. This paper will report the results of the static fatigue tensile strength behavior under axial load at ambient conditions for PM and PZ types of single mode fiber produced from five ground preforms. The measured values of the fatigue resistance parameters N (22.6 +/- 1.3 to 27.9 +/- 1.5) are consistently higher than the N-parameter of 19.7 +/- 0.5 measured under identical conditions for standard commercially available single-mode fiber drawn from non-ground preforms. Large Weibull moduli of fiber from ground preforms suggest fiber of uniform strength distribution. Although fractographic analyses of failed fiber end faces do show extrinsic failure modes due to micro-cracks and zirconia particulates and intrinsic failures due to molybdenum inclusions, the analyses do not reveal failure modes peculiar to diamond grinding or high internal stresses.


Spectral analysis of fluctuations in tapping intervals has been performed when a subject listened to and did not listen to a metronome ticking. The power spectral density for metronome tapping is white above 0.1 Hz, and still white or decreasing toward the lower frequency; this means that memory of interval fluctuations within the subject is cleared by referring to metronome ticking. On the other hand, the spectrum for free tapping is white above 0.1 Hz, below which it increases so that the spectral density is inversely proportional to frequency (the 1/f spectrum). Furthermore, the white spectral level in free tapping is lower than that for metronome tapping. Subjects with Zen training showed a 1/f2 spectrum.


Precise determination of the operating point of a real-world verification application is of great importance. For a text-dependent password-based security system, this can be a challenging task, as lexically matched impostor test data may be nonexistent. We present a data mining approach for extracting suitable impostor data. The approach may be applied to either the target database (the application data itself) or the stock databases (data from other applications). The method entails: 1) determining Levenstein distances of impostor text utterances with respect to the claimant password; 2) selecting subsets of impostor data at various levels of lexical distance; 3) calculating the score threshold using such subsets; 4) extrapolating the score threshold (and hence the operating point) for lexically perfectly-matched data. Experiments on four databases in two languages are presented. This approach, as applied to the target database, provides an accurate and inexpensive solution to a formidable real-world problem.


In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) blended with 30 wt% styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) (70PLA/30SBS) was added with different fillers; Erbium Oxide (Er2O3), Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT) and Tungsten Carbide (WC2) to investigate the effect of the filler on the shape fixity (Rf) and shape recovery (Rr) at different deformation and recovery times, rheological and morphological properties. The tubular structure of HNT led to the reduction of Rf when immersed longer during the deformation phase. Meanwhile, the presence of Er2O3 improved the Rr and Rr with longer deformation and recovery times, respectively. The blend with HNT has the highest viscosity while the blend with 70PLA/30SBS-Er2O3 indicated lower viscosity than the unfilled blend. All filled blends indicated the sea-island structure with the SBS droplets in PLA continuous phase. The elements identification made on the surface of the samples illustrates that the fillers were well-distributed in 70PLA/30SBS blends. The insignificant improvement of shape memory in the presence of the thermal conductive fillers due to the dominance of the restriction of chain motion due to the presence of fillers compared with increment of thermal conductivity at low filler loading.


Penetrating steel target process of Tungsten and Copper powder liners perforating bullets was simulated through numerical method of the Ansys/Ls-Dyna software.Tungsten-Copper(20W80Cu) mixed material equation of state parameters were calculated based on the mixture of the superposition principle.Multi-material Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian(ALE) algorithm is used to simulate the formation process of the shaped charge jet and penetrating steel target process.The type 89 perforating charges for 45# steel target of perforation depth 153 mm,diameter 9.6mm,is simulated.Compared with the actual situation,the results of numerical simulation are close to experimental results within 5% difference.


Introduction: In India, HIV patients are at a high risk of developing hematological and dermatological adverse drug reactions (ADRs) leading to financial burden. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on hematological and dermatological ADRs in a South Indian teaching hospital from October 2011 to October 2012. The definition of ADRs established by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to assess the causality. Predictability of ADRs was assessed by Micromedex database. Preventability of ADRs was assessed using the Schumock and Thornton criteria. Results: A total of 174 HIV patients were enrolled [133 (76.4%) males and 41 (23.6%) females], who reported 99 ADRs to HAART. Of the total ADRs, 70 (70.7%) were reported in males and 29 (29.3%) in females, indicating significantly higher reporting of ADRs in males. 67 of the 99 ADRs were hematological, while the remaining 32 were dermatological. A high number of hematological [40 (59.6%)] and dermatological [15 (46.8%)] ADRs were reported for zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine-based HAART regimen. In most of the reported ADRs, the suspected drug was withdrawn. The reported hematological ADRs were as follows: 1) anemia with zidovudine [35 (52.2%)]; 2) pancytopenia with zidovudine [20 (29.9%)]; 3) neutropenia with lamivudine; and 4) leucopenia, bicytopenia, and eosinophilia with zidovudine. Dermatological ADRs were maculopapular rash [7 (21.8%)] with nevirapine-, tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz. Conclusion: Hematological ADRs was higher than that of dermatological ADRs. Physicians must focus on routine monitoring of all possible risk factors in PLW-HIV for early prevention of hematological and dermatological ADRs to HAART.


Music was one of the three rites in the Yao and Xun Period, It developed into Musical Ethics, Musical Language and Musical Dance in the western Zhou period, becoming a cultural pattern of politics and cultivation as one and the same. Musical Language had six forms: starting, talking, chanting, reading, speaking and conversing, which are types of songs. In the Chu of the warring Period, the pattern of politics and cultivation continued. From Qu Yuan's Xi Song, Li Sao and other words, by examining the pattern of Musical Language used in the western Zhou period, we can see that the reason for Qu Yuan's demotion was "speaking, talking and reading". These were meant to give advice, but were considered going too far, too irritating, too slanderous and disloyal, hence his misfortune. This was a true record of Qu Yuan's life story and the content and structural feature of The Songs of Chu. It can be seen from the that The Songs of Chu, Li Sao, Nine Chapters are songs while Jiu Ge is poem. In the past, we tried to look for the answer in The Book of Songs from the perspective of cultivation of Musical Language and failed to understand it. But if we examine the use of Musical Language from the perspective of both politics and cultivation, many problems in The Book of Songs and in The Songs of Chu become much clearer.


Over the past 20 years there have been many papers that compare and evaluate different edge operators. Most of them focus on accuracy and also do comparisons against synthetic data. This paper focuses on real-world driver assistance scenes and does a comparison based on robustness. The three edge operators compared are Sobel, Canny and the under-publicized phase-based Kovesi-Owens operator. The Kovesi-Owens operator has the distinct advantage that it uses one pre-selected set of parameters and can work across almost any type of scene, where as other operators require parameter tuning. The results from our comparison show that the Kovesi-Owens operator is the most robust of the three, and can get decent results, even under weak illumination and varying gradients in the images.


1. Background Malaria control and elimination aspirations stand at a cross-roads. On the one hand, malaria morbidity and mortality have fallen substantially since the turn of the millennium as a result of considerable increases in global funding and the deploy-ment of insecticide-treated bed nets and effective treatments [artemisinin combination treatments (ACTs)]. On the other hand, there has been an alarming increase in resistance both to pyrethroid insecticides in the vector mosquitos, and to artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Artemisinin resistance arose in Western Cambodia and currently extends across the Greater Mekong subregion [(GMS), from Vietnam to Myanmar] and now reaches the Eastern border of India.[1,2] Resistance to chloroquine arose in exactly this same place around 60 years ago, and spread to Africa at a cost of millions of lives. Sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) was then used to treat chloroquineresistant falciparum malaria and resistance to that drug also emerged in the GMS and spread to Africa. Thus today the two main malaria control tools are threatened, and without them malaria will surely return with a vengeance as it did before from the 1970s to the 1990s as resistance to the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and the anti-malarial chloroquine spread across the world. History tells us that it would be very unwise to ignore these current threats. So can new treatment developments combat resistance in malaria and put us back on track towards malaria elimination?


Moderate-to-severe form of periodontitis is often accompanied by pathological tooth migration. This is characterized by spacing and proclination of teeth. Patients often feel awkward regarding their facial esthetics and seek treatment for the same. Pathological tooth migration is a complex puzzle with various etiological factors to its credit. Treatment often involves time-consuming interdisciplinary approach. Very few case reports have achieved complete resolution of pathological tooth migration by periodontal therapy alone. In this unique case report, periodontal therapy alone could ameliorate pathological tooth migration. Further to it, results are stable for 2 years and continue to be so. Hence, meticulous periodontal therapy is effective in the management of pathologic tooth migration.


Pre-prosthetic surgery is done to facilitate fabrication of a prosthesis and improve facial form of the patient. The ultimate purpose is to eliminate pre-existing bony deformities and provide adequate soft and hard tissues for placement of complete dentures. In this case report a case of 40 yearold female under anti-platelet therapy reported in Oral and Maxillofacial Department with sharp bony spicules irt 22,43,45. Alveoloplasty was done for removal of bony spicules and contouring of the bone.


Canine joints were fixed in formalin, loaded in various positions and (while still loaded) embedded in castolite. The blocks containing the embedded joints were then sawed into three-millimeter slabs, the lengths of the congruent and total joint surfaces were measured on the slabs, and congruence ra


This article contributes to the uncovering of the creation of myths in educational theory. This is done by presenting the example of Theodor Litt's work in the Soviet-occupied zone. In the secondary literature the proposition that Litt had been exposed to growing pressure in the Soviet-occupied zone and that therefore he decided heavy-heartedly in 1947 to move to Bonn is to be found. These statements are qualified by the use of so far neglected sources. This contribution focuses on the question of Litt's reasons for his decision to leave the Soviet-occupied zone or rather on the question of the decisive differences (between Litt's position and the position of the rulers). After a contemplation of Litt's politico-educational biography these differences cannot only be seen in his disapproval of the totalitarian educational policy of the state, as it has been stated recently in a publication by Benner and Sladek. Rather Litt's anti-reformpedagogical' position concerning school and university politics became highly relevant also in the Soviet-occupied zone and played a significant part in his decision to leave.


Organ rejection is a major barrier to renal transplantation and the cost of immunosuppressants used for maintenance has been estimated at around £5000 per patient per year. In this article, pharmacist Adrian Coleman defines three classes of immunosuppressant medication, their mechanisms of action and their side effect profiles.


Often there is a wide gap between research on man-machine performance under real life conditions and research on control behaviour in a laboratory context. The present study suggests to combine laboratory experiments within a strict axiomatic theoretical framework with less axiomatically constrained simulator experiments. Converging evidence from these two approaches should bridge the gap between the theoretical based laboratory experiment and the realism of the simulator experiment. The idea is elucidated with the description of two experiments. In the first experiment the hypothesis is tested whether ship handler's control behaviour is mainly based on one of two elements: preprogrammed control or feedback control. Notions on preprogrammed control are primarily based on stimulus-related control setting. Notions on feedback control are primarily based on the evaluation of correctness of performance. The second (simulator) experiment is aimed at differences between the controllability of pushtows on inland navigation channels as a function of ship traffic density. The traffic density is varied to discriminate between performance based either on preprogrammed or feedback control. Results will show some advantages of this paired experiment approach.


Recently using the theory of Afanasev-Aginian (1977-1978) it has been reconsidered theoretically the properties of the contributions of PXR, DTR and their interference into the radiation intensity produced by particles in single crystals in Laue geometry, essentially differing from those of Bragg geometry. After a short review of theoretical and experimental works devoted to DTR in this work we discuss the properties of Laue geometry and make comparison of the predictions of the above theory with the results of the second experiment performed by Avakian et al in 1987 with the help of 4.5 GeV electrons.


The Arctic and space are concepts that fascinate us. Both places seem remote and hostile, but are at the same time beautiful and exciting. Together, they form a part of the world comprised of daring challenges, but also of endless possibilities for science, recreation, wonder, knowledge and inspiration. Several scientists would like access to more and frequently updated information about the Arctic area. Today, no adequate communication systems allowing this exists. Due to this, access to sensor data is often limited to traveling to the sensor node and retrieve its data. This thesis aims to bridge parts of the Arctic and space. The work in this system study may bring the Arctic nearer to us by proposing a space communication system that can connect assets in the Arctic with people residing in less remote areas. The main research motivation was to investigate if a system of small satellites could be a viable solution to bridge the communication gap in the Arctic. An important use case is to enable access to sensor data from sensors deployed in remote locations without having to physically be at the node to download the data. The main findings show that this can be possible, by establishing a communication system with small satellites. The small satellites have their challenges and limits, but by careful design, a system can be made to compare with other solutions, both in utility and cost. The main contribution from this work is the proposal on how to use a freely flying swarm of small satellites to provide good and frequent coverage, without having to use satellites with propulsion systems. This saves component cost, mass and volume, which in turn contribute to a reduced launch cost. The deployment of a satellite swarm seems feasible both from a technical point of view, as well as from an economical point of view. The coverage property for a swarm is not constant, and on average it is not as good as coverage by a constellation consisting of the same number of satellites. However, for services that do not require to transmit time-critical sensor data, this is of less concern and variations in responsiveness can be accepted.


The decline of Lake Simcoe water quality has been attributed to high phosphorus inputs that result in excessive algae and macrophyte growth subsequently contributing to end-of-summer hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen depletion and loss of fish habitat. Out of the estimated 53 to 67 tonne/annum (1998 to 2004 water years) of phosphorus entering the lake, atmospheric deposition is believed to be responsible for 16 to 38 tonne/annum. Historical estimates for atmospheric deposition involved averaging rain gauge (rainfall depth) and rain quality (phosphorus concentration) station data. Through use of this procedure, any spatial variability in the data (quality and quantity) is lost as each gauge is given an equal weighting. This study proposes a methodology to use Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) to spatially represent rainfall data and a method to correct radar-rainfall estimates to rainfall recorded by local rain gauges. From this analysis it was found that the radar generally represented localized rainfall well, with the majority of correlation coefficients (R2) being over 0.90. Radar related issues that resulted in poor R2 values included virga, overshooting beam, beam attenuation, range related issues and ground clutter. For large bulk atmospheric total phosphorus (TP) deposition events the dominant parameter in calculating TP loads was rainfall depth. Results from this analysis demonstrated a large (−88% to +44%) difference between historical and revised estimates of bulk atmospheric deposition of phosphorus over Lake Simcoe.


The kinetics of electric polarization is considered for an isolated pair of ions formed in a dielectric at the initial moment at close distances from each other. It is assumed that the ions perform Brownian motinN in the Coulomb field of their partner and in a weak external electric field. The polarization calculation is based on the Smolukhovskii equation for different kinds of initial distribution of the pairs with respect to the distances between the ions. The possibilities of observation of negative polarization current at constant voltage on electrodes are discussed. It is concluded that since the polarization current of the pairs can significantly exceed the current of free-charged species, it is necessary to take it into account in investigations of photo-induced and radiation-induced electric conductivity under conditions when the observation time is less than or commensurate with the pair-recombination time.


Imbalance of T‐helper (Th)1‐ and Th2‐like cytokines has been associated with type 1 diabetes. We therefore studied the immune deviation in antigen‐specific T cells from diagnosis onwards in type 1 diabetic children.


A handle type bushing press is characterized in that an operating platform is mounted at the bottom of a vertical body, a transverse slider is mounted in the middle of the body, the inner end of the slider and the body are in fitting connection by the aid of a slide rail and locking bolts, a vertical adjusting screw is mounted at an inner section of the slider, a vertical pressing bar is mounted at an outer section of the slider, a four-bar linkage is mounted at the upper end of the pressing bar, an operating handle is mounted at the upper end of the four-bar linkage, and a handle holder of the operating handle is connected with the slider. The handle type bushing press solves the problems of that labor intensity is high and workpieces are easy to be damaged during process of pressing bushings by means of hammering, and is applicable to bushing pressing in machining process widely.


Objective To serially investigate the relationship between neovascularization proliferation and plaque progression in carotid plaque,and the effects of Wendan Capsule on neovascularization and atherosclerosis as assessed by contrast- enhanced ultrasound( CEUS) imaging. Methods 60 carotid atherosclerosis patients was induced. At week 1,following the imaging of the carotid arteries by CEUS,60 patients were into Wendan Capsule( 3 g / day) group for 12 weeks,CEUS were repeated. Each patient was measured the carotid intima- media thickness( IMT),Plaque thickness,plaque area,the density of the intraplaque neovascularization network,TG,CHOL,LDL- C,HDL- C,apoA1,and apoB. Results Contrast- enhanced ultrasound is effective for detection of intraplaque neovascularization in atherosclerotic plaques. CEUS demonstrated a significantly decreased plaque thickness, plaque area,EI,TG,CHOL,LDL- C,and apoB. The increase HDL- C,apoA1 was significantly greater in the group than before( P 0. 05). Conclusion Wendan Capsule significantly inhibits the development of intraplaque neovascularization and progression of atherosclerosis. CEUS is a feasible noninvasive imaging modality to evaluate intraplaque neovascularization.


Several indexes at time and spectral domains for assessment of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia have been proposed but none of them is yet considered as the reference. The goal of the present work was to describe how those indexes represent the low-pass characteristic of the sinus node in a broad range of breathing frequencies, and to evaluate the discriminative capacity of them over heart rate. Time and frequency domain parameters were calculated from the RR intervals and breathing series obtained at eight frequency rates of controlled breathing. We assumed an autoregressive with exogenous input variable model that related the changes in heart rate (output) to changes in respiration (input or exogenous variable). Spectral parameters were computed using this model. The statistical discrimination capacity of pairs of means at those frequencies was evaluated. For those indexes with higher capacity, the cut off frequency was computed. The results proved that the temporal index gain had the best discriminative capacity because it is less sensitive to the inter-individual variability. However, the indexes with higher capacity reflected appropriately the low-pass behavior of the sinus node.


IntroductionJAMAICANS TODAY ARE EITHER nostalgic about the seventies (1972-80) or view this period with regret. These eight years are seen by one group as a period of political and social development, cut short by the fact that a proportion of the society objected to the decision taken by the government under Prime Minister Michael Manley to pursue a programme of democratic socialism.1 They also view the interference of the United States, due to the politics of the Cold War, as another, albeit external, factor contributing to the failures of the Manley-led government of the seventies. However, there are some Jamaicans who see the period as marred by political turmoil, social dissolution and economic collapse. These they blame squarely on Manley for having forced the country into democratic socialism which bankrupted the economy and forced mainly middle-class business people and professionals into flight, as well as alienating Jamaica's most important political and economic ally in the West: the United States.2The purpose of this article is to take another look at the extent to which Manley's decision to pursue democratic socialism can be blamed for the political turmoil and economic problems which the country faced during the seventies. In this regard, the essay will examine critically Manley's decision to embark on democratic socialism using the concept of 'hegemony'. The question from which the essay arose is, to what extent was Manley a hegemonic leader and can this help in understanding the seventies? Hegemony is of course quite a difficult concept to apply in a country with a democratic tradition and especially during a time when democracy was at the centre of the political ideology chosen by the leader alleged to be hegemonic. Therefore, the concept has not been used to shape analysis of the seventies, a significant period in the post-independence history of Jamaica.3 On the other hand, hegemony by definition relies on garnering wide approval from the population, and so reliance on the rhetoric of democracy is necessary in a context where hegemony is being applied. The essay will also employ an analysis of cultural policy in the seventies to illustrate some of the ways in which hegemony manifested during the period.4The anatomy of hegemonyAccording to Carl Boggs, the concept of hegemony is essentially an "organising principle" which is used by certain leaders to gain the consent of the population for programmes which might have some appeal or importance to the public, but which is not enough to satisfy the objectives being pursued by the leadership of the society.5 Philip Cerny has also explained that hegemony is never simply about domination; rather, it is something which is far more complex, as seen in the case of Ancient Greece, where hegemony first appears in Western civilisation. Cerny points to the fact that hegemony in Greece operated as "a relatively consensual form of leadership", one "within an alliance of quasi-independent political units". In simpler terms, the concept fostered a special relationship or bond between leaders and their people, which allowed the leaders to rule effectively. In this way, hegemony therefore "stabilises, manages, shapes and/or controls" without seeming dictatorial, authoritarian, tyrannical or corrupt.6 Aristotle mentions this aspect of hegemony when he explains that the fact that hegemony is seen as "legitimate" accounts for its survival. In other words, it is perceived as a method of ruling which "serves [the] common interests".7Granisci is the person with whom hegemony as a concept is most often associated. His important contribution was the explanations he gave showing the influence that hegemony had on different groups in society. One which came up for his assessment was the intellectual. Granisci basically castigated the "intellectuals" as potentially "deputies" or "functionaries" of the hegemon. It is possible for the intellectuals to be tricked into an alliance with the hegemonic ruler by their showing support for policies which enjoy a fairly good amount of regard among the wider community, and in which the intellectuals themselves also share an abiding interest, due to what Granisci called their "organic" and/or "traditional" associations with the classes in the society. …


Taiwan's green mark system has been implemented since 1993. As the "green purchase" clauses are regulated in the government procurement law, Taiwan sets a world precedent and becomes the first state to legislate to promote "green procurement". The issue arises that leisure hotels face sustainable operation and green energy protection within the climate of reduced customer sources and fierce competition. The paper hence explores three aspects of "purchase, operation and marketing" to evaluate the weight of willingness and decide the priority in association with application of AHP and 12 experts. With the analysis of the AHP, senior executives in the industry expressed there is difficulty in promoting "production history" and "supply chain management". Though recently there have been many food safety incidents in Taiwan, enterprises are pursuing profits instead of emphasizing enterprise social responsibility. In this regard, this study is concerned with how companies pay attention to public issues in business decision-making and contribute to social responsibility despite of reasonable profit-making. This study thus ranks selected indicators and proposes conclusion and suggestion to provide evaluations to the potential green hotel owners.


Background: After a stroke, patient often suffers varying degree of disability that requires immediate hospital care and extended home care. Therefore, caregivers assume multiple roles to fulfil the needs of survivors at home. The current study aim to explore various needs felt by the caregivers of stroke survivors at home.
Methods: A cross sectional community-based survey was carried out. Hundred participants were enrolled purposively. Modified family needs questionnaire (FNQ) was used to identify the needs of the caregivers. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the results.
Results: 'Health information', 'Professional support' and 'Involvement of care' sub scales were the most important needs areas of the caregivers. The most important needs were within 'Health information', 'Instrumental support' and 'Professional support' sub scale and least important needs fell within 'Emotional support', and 'Community support' areas in the caregivers.
Conclusions: Assessment of Family needs amongst the caregivers of individuals with stroke is important for all health care professionals in understanding problems from the caregivers' perspective. Intervention should be designed and implemented for successful home rehabilitation of stroke survivors.


ABSTRACT People are continuously making decisions, most of a minor nature, but also some of significance. Few people seem to enquire as to the basis of their decisions or as to why one decision is chosen over another, while in some cases people may not be fully cognisant of how decision making is happening. For any given situation, provided it is not over-constrained, everyone reaches a different decision. That is, any decision can be perceived to involve bias, simply because it is different to someone else's decision, with this difference being attributed to a range of bias sources. It is generally not possible to establish the actual bias sources in any given situation. Accordingly, this paper adopts an overview systems approach to explaining bias in contrast to conventional social science treatments of bias. Bias sources and decisions are linked through looking at the essential underlying components involved in decision making. Some elementary experiments demonstrate that, for a given situation, all people will arrive at different underlying components and hence different decisions, implying the presence of bias. The paper is original in offering a different perspective of bias and linking systems thinking with the literature on bias.


Defuzzification is a process that converts a fuzzy set or fuzzy number into a crisp value or number. Defuzzification is used in fuzzy modeling and in fuzzy control system to convert the fuzzy outputs from the systems to crisp values. This process is necessary because all fuzzy sets inferred by fuzzy inference in the fuzzy rules must be aggregated to produce one single number as the output of the fuzzy model. There are numerous techniques for defuzzifying a fuzzy set; some of the more popular techniques are included in fuzzy logic system. In the present chapter some recent defuzzification methods used in the literature are discussed with examples.


Integrating full duplex and phased arrays is promising for future wireless communication systems. However, in the joint systems, the strong self-interference (SI) signals leaked from the transmit array will superpose on each receiving antenna, which puts forward strict demands for the dynamic range and linearity of the low noise amplifiers. In this work, we focus on how to cancel the superposed SI signal using an analog multi-tap filter in wideband scenarios. We model the wideband near-field SI channel for the full duplex array and analyze the optimal cancellation performance with and without device errors, respectively. The theoretical analysis is verified by simulation, which indicates that the SI signal with 200 MHz bandwidth can be canceled to the noise level by only two taps without device errors. Moreover, the step sizes of the variable attenuators and phase shifters need to be less than 0.6 dB and 4 degrees, respectively, to cancel the SI above 30 dB with two taps, and the RF canceller with more taps is more robust in the existence of device errors, that is, the better cancellation performance.


The agrarian policy of the state has not allowed to stabilize the production of milk in small forms of farming, but they still remain its main producers. They account for 59.3%. A sharp decline in milk production is observed in the households of the population and its growth in farms and small enterprises belonging to small agricultural businesses and enjoying budget support. It is proposed that personal subsidiary farms that produce marketable products and supply them to the market also provide financial support. The reserves of increasing milk production in small forms of management have been identified: improving the use of the genetic potential of cows, strengthening the feed base, optimizing feed rations, the use of modern technologies, the development of integration and cooperation.


A CD containing an interactive glossary, to help users become familiar with terms used in the classification of oribatid mites [Cryptostigmata], matching terms with Other CABI sites  ISBN : 0643063692 Record Number : 19991102902 Location of publication : Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing Language of text : English Language of summary : English Indexing terms for this abstract: Organism descriptor(s) : arthropods, Oribatida Descriptor(s) : agricultural entomology, arthropod pests, classification, compact discs geographical distribution, glossaries, identification, keys, pests, taxonomy Identifier(s) : CD-ROMs, Cryptostigmata, pest arthropods, systematics, terminologies Geographical Location(s) : Australia Broader term(s) : mites, Acari, Arachnida, arthropods, invertebrates, animals, eukaryotes countries, Australasia, Oceania, Commonwealth of Nations, Developed Countries Countries images and allowing extensive cross-references to other terms, images and citations in the literature, and an interactive key for identifying Australian cryptostigmatid mites to family, genus or species. The database contains over 80 families, 160 genera and 380 species, nearly all of which are illustrated, as are most of the 280 characters and 950 characters states used. Minimum operating requirements are an 80486 processor (Pentium recommended), a 16 Mb RAM, a video card and monitor capable of 800 x 600 pixel display (a lower resolution may be used but requires user to scroll images, not recommended), a 2-button mouse and Windows 3.1, 95 or NT4. A user guide is included in the package.


The paper investigates the effects of oil price shocks on stock market volatility in Europe by focusing on three measures of volatility, i.e. the conditional, the realized and the implied volatility. The findings suggest that supply-side shocks and oil specific demand shocks do not affect volatility, whereas, oil price changes due to aggregate demand shocks lead to a reduction in stock market volatility. More specifically, the aggregate demand oil price shocks have a significant explanatory power on both current-and forward-looking volatilities. The results are qualitatively similar for the aggregate stock market volatility and the industrial sectors' volatilities. Finally, a robustness exercise using short-and long-run volatility models supports the findings.