But since we advanced the position, we are perhaps obliged to defend our terrain. There is, logically speaking, a world of difference between the claims that "there is no evidence whatever for an argument" and "the evidence on which an argument rests is not conclusive." Immerwahr describes our conclusion in terms of the former, when in truth it is more accurately characterized in terms of the latter. He does so because he believes, incorrectly, that we use the earlier Stouffer results as standards against which to compare current levels of tolerance as revealed through our content-controlled procedure. When this tactic falls in the face of our own methodological critique, he asserts that we are left without any evidence to support our claims. We do not say, and cannot say, given our criticisms, that the Stouffer items constitute reliable measures of tolerance either for the 1950s or the 1970s. We do suggest, however, that these items were more appropriate in 1954, when attention was focused on the standard left-wing groups, than they are today, when the potential targets of intolerance are more numerous and ideologically diverse. Thus, we suspect, but cannot prove, that the disparity in results reported in our article between our content-controlled procedure and the Stouffer items would have been much smaller had the same experiment been performed in 1954. In addition, given the low level of tolerance reported in his original study, it is hard to see how Stouffer could have overestimated the real level of tolerance in 1954 by any great amount. The Stouffer items are invalid on their face, but the passage of time has rendered them even more inappropriate than they once were. Paradoxically, the very transformations that the measures seek to track have served to distort and to undermine them. The very processes that have made people more tolerant of communists, socialists, and atheists have also rendered these groups less important as political threats.


The applicability of the Nominal Grouping Technique (NGT) to a structured problem was investigated. NGT and interacting consensus groups were compared on the criteria of decision quality, utilization of best resource, and improvement in quality over average-member decision quality. Nominal groups' decisions were significantly (p = .005) better than those of interacting groups on all three criteria. Problems with criteria assessment in unstructured tasks were discussed, as were the implications of the present study for prescriptions for NGT use.


During the past few decades the number of pres sure groups has rapidly multiplied, the scope of their activities has vastly expanded, and their methods and tactics have become more professionalized and subtle. Today the more highly organized groups have lobbyists in Washington and in many state capitals, well-staffed bureaus of press agents and research personnel, and active membership groups across the nation. In general, pressure groups function in a pragmatic fashion, employing any procedures or methods which will ef fectively promote their aims. Pressure groups attempt to ex ert influence on every phase of the political process. They en deavor to influence their own members and other groups; urge political parties to endorse favored policies; work for the selec tion of "friendly" officials; and attempt to secure favorable decisions from executive, legislative, and judicial officials. Pos sibly the most significant contemporary development in pres sure-group activity is the continual increase in their efforts to mold public sentiment by utilizing the media of mass communi cation. Noteworthy recent developments in this area include the widespread use of institutional advertising and the estab lishment of the foundation, committees, councils, and institutes which have as their basic purpose the influencing of public attitudes.


We explore the paths related to college men's involvement in all-male antirape prevention groups using in-depth interviews conducted with twenty-five male college students who are active members of such groups from eleven campuses located on the East Coast of the United States. Major themes deriving from analysis of the interviews were all related to the engagement of the participants with the programs on four different levels. These themes, which are developmentally related, are (1) a disclosure which makes sexual assault a personal issue at the same time that it reveals a lack of knowledge and skills on the part of the respondents, (2) the evaluation of the approach of individual programs, (3) the evaluation of the relative effectiveness of the approacher, and (4) the creation of a social context which the engagement facilitates. Overall, we find that when the men in our study were approached in a nonconfrontational, alliance-building fashion by other men, they reported that their knowledge related to sexual assault, their empathy toward sexual assault survivors, and their motivation to actively engage in the prevention of sexual violence all increased. Thus, we see evidence of a pathway to behavioral change represented by the recruitment and participation of men to these programs.


Biological and Physical Factors Affecting the Natural History and Evolution of Encapsulated Development by Yasmin Jahanara von Dassow Marine Science & Conservation Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Daniel Rittschof, Supervisor ___________________________ Richard R. Strathmann ___________________________ William W. Kirby-Smith ___________________________ Brian R. Silliman An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Science & Conservation in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 Copyright by Yasmin Jahanara von Dassow 2016


Atropy of the paravertebral musculature--the "spine sign"--in this 64-year-old man offers clues to the genesis of the coronary artery disease for which he had undergone a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and to the cause of his severe post-CABG anterior chest pain.


The turbulent context in which organizations operate today makes them search for adaptable workers. Previous studies have shown the predictive value of the "Big Five" personality traits on adaptive performance, but some authors suggest extending personality domain with the "dark" traits of personality, that is, Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy (i.e., the "Dark Triad"), and sadism (which, along with the aforementioned traits, composes the "Dark Tetrad"). The present research investigates the incremental validity of the dark traits in the prediction of adaptive performance over the Big Five. The study follows a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 613 participants (46% women; mean age 38.78 years, SD = 14.05; mean job experience = 16.93 years, SD = 13.39) from different organizations who fill in a questionnaire with the variables. Our results showed that the Dark Triad improved the predictive model with respect to the Big Five (R2 = 0.202, ΔR2 = 0.030, p < 0.001). The statistically significant predictors were neuroticism (β = −0.127, p = 0.010), openness to experience (β = 0.155, p < 0.001), conscientiousness (β = 0.164, p = 0.001), narcissism (β = 0.134 p < 0.002), and psychopathy (β = −0.137, p = 0.005). The incorporation of sadism did not improve the Dark Triad model (R2 = 0.202, ΔR2= −0.001, p = 0.541).


The kink band formation in unidirectional composites under compression was studied with the help of optical and scanning electron microscopy. Materials studied included graphite/epoxy, S-2 glass/epoxy, and Kevlar 49/epoxy composites. The kink bands in the graphite/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites were initiated by fiber microbuckling while those in the Kevlar/epoxy composite were triggered by microkinking in the fibers themselves. Fracture surfaces of the graphite/epoxy composites showed fibers broken in bending and fiber segments tilted in the direction of slip. The kink band formation depended not only on the constituent material properties but also on the kinematic constraints imposed. Both primary and secondary kink bands were observed in the graphite/epoxy specimens, but only primary kink bands were present in the other two composites because of higher lateral flexibility of the specimen during testing.


About 150 years ago, Ignaz Semmelweis proposed the practice of hand washing with chlorinated lime. Becauseof the common notion "Doctors are gentlemen, and gentlemen's hands are clean" at that time, Semmelweis' proposal was rejected by his peers. However, after the introduction of germ theory by Alexander Fleming, and the work of Joseph Lister, hand washing and antiseptic technique became standard practice, which markedly decreased infection rates. Many other advances have also led to decreased infection risk, including improved sterilization methods, alternative surgical techniques, controlled operating room ventilation, antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis. Despite these measures, Surgical Site Infections (SSI) remain a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality, and they result in enormous cost burden for our society [1-3]


This research uses qualitative paradigm with descriptive analytical approach to obtain an overview on illustration art which are based on and paper engineering, that is called pop-up art. This writing is aimed at revealing development of illustration art in a three-dimensional form through both visual and technical elements of pop-up illustration of a children book. Appearance of pop-up illustration artwork which involves multi techniques and which is closely related with paper craft and handy craft makes it interesting to research due to the fact that most illustration arts use drawing technique which is twodimensional form. While the sample taken in this research is Pop-Up book written by Ida Nissaurrasyidah and from Impian Studio. The research shows that three-dimension illustration, with its uniqueness and with paper mechanism, which is accurate resulting in artistic, expressive pop-up art, educates its readers through its visual communication designed by its illustrator. Keywords—pop-up book, illustrastion art, communication media


Encouragement is one of the basic and essential functiors in modern management.To explore the encouraging way to the student counselors,to arouse student counselors to join the encouragement,to form the pattern of integrating material reward and spiritual encouragemert,all this is the key point that should be emphasized in the human resourses in higher education.


in the past decade DDoS attacks detection solutions have been one hot area in the research of cyberspace. Different techniques including machine learning and recent complex deep learning models were used and improved. However, only a few have used real network data and multiclass classification. In this paper, we challenged an Optimized K-Nearest Neighbor (OKNN) on a recent public dataset of the real network containing labeled classes of normal network flow and DDoS attacks. While performing minimum preprocessing to keep data original, OKNN with a tune of hyper-parameters such as; n_neighbors, metric, weights, n_jobs, has identified a normal traffic flow and DDoS attacks with high accuracy. The results of the experiment show that our model would perform better than its counterparts if only they are trained in the same conditions.


Photocopy of a letter from Cassandra Broadus, North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts, to Berneice Patterson, teacher at Evers Park Elementary School. In regards to how much Broadus enjoyed visiting Patterson's classroom and how Patterson is a wonderful teacher to her students. Broadus would like to share some of the things Patterson is doing with other teachers in the Institute, especially some of the hall displays Patterson had. Enclosed in the letter Broadus has provided details about a Token Response Game that Patterson needs to collect for a future event.


Knowledge sub-system encompassing innovation, research and education is one of the key institutional domains that constitute each national political economy. Over the last fifteen years the knowledge sub-systems have undergone profound transformation to emerge as the main motors of industrial competitiveness, growth and development in a globalized world. This paper thoroughly reviews the large body of literature on knowledge sub-systems in CEE countries. The resulting policy conclusions are so far ambivalent. The most immediate implication would be for the CEE economies to substantially invest in education, training and research in order to stabilize their current comparative advantages against the relocation of production and to attract new investments. Thus far, a relatively low level of R&D expenditures is a typical characteristic of CEE countries. The ratio of patents in CEE countries is extremely low. The activities of multinational enterprises explain the smaller gap in the presence of high technologies compared with the other European economies. In terms of education there are no clear patterns for CEE countries. Some states show similarities with Continental education systems. Slovenia was the only one to fall into the group of – mainly Nordic – countries with the most successful educational system.


needle prior to assembly Figure 1 Safety wire secured to the drape with a haemostat BACKGROUND Some experts no longer use a safety wire during routine ureteroscopy but most urologists advocate a safety guidewire to avoid complications,1,2 especially in complex cases. TECHNIQUE We describe a technique for securing the safety guidewire during ureteroscopy. Once the safety guidewire is placed, it is curled and secured to the drape using a haemostat (Fig 1). Then a towel that has been soaked in sterile water is draped across the curled safety wire.


Objective To study the clinical sginificance of changes of respiratory function in patients with multiple trauma after resuscitation,so as to find an effective treatment for prevention of ARDS.Methods Blood gas of 40 cases was measured after resuscitation,and then,the total abnormal data was analyzed.Results Hypoxemia was found in all the cases,which was caused by dysfunction of gas exchange in lung.Conclusion It is important to pay much attention to hypoxemia which occurred after resuscitation of multiple trauma,so as to prevente ARDS successfully.


Most neurons do not simply convert inputs into firing rates. Instead, moment-to-moment firing rates reflect interactions between synaptic inputs and intrinsic currents. Few studies investigated how intrinsic currents function together to modulate output discharges and which of the currents attenuated by synthetic cholinergic ligands are actually modulated by endogenous acetylcholine (ACh). In this study we optogenetically stimulated cholinergic fibers in rat neocortex and find that ACh enhances excitability by reducing Ether-à-go-go Related Gene (ERG) K+ current. We find ERG mediates the late phase of spike-frequency adaptation in pyramidal cells and is recruited later than both SK and M currents. Attenuation of ERG during coincident depolarization and ACh release leads to reduced late phase spike-frequency adaptation and persistent firing. In neuronal ensembles, attenuating ERG enhanced signal-to-noise ratios and reduced signal correlation, suggesting that these two hallmarks of cholinergic function in vivo may result from modulation of intrinsic properties.


In the past decade, significant progress has been made in the field of biomaterials, for potential applications in tissue engineering or drug delivery. We have recently developed a new class of thermoplastic elastomers, based on ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) quadruple hydrogen bonding motifs. These supramolecular polymers form nanofiber-like aggregates initially via the dimerization of the UPy units followed by lateral urea-hydrogen bonding. Combined kinetic and thermodynamic studies unravel the pathway complexity in the formation of these polymorphic nanofibers and the subtlety of the polymer's design, while these morphologies are so critically important when these materials are used in combination with cells. We also show that the cell behavior directly depends on the length and shape of the nanofibers, illustrating the key importance of macromolecular and supramolecular organization of biomaterials. This study leads to new design rules that determine what factors are decisive for a polymer to be a good cand...


In the spring of 1955 the Administrative Com-mittee of PGMTT was looking for a new place to hold the yearly technical meeting of the group. The writer was present at the meeting where possible places were discussed, and he was aslied whether he thought a meeting in Philadelphia could be arranged. The idea of holding a local meeting devoted to microwave relays had already been discussed by him with others of the Philadelphia area, and accordingly it seemed as though the situation demanded that the national and local meetings be combined. Presentation of the idea to the Executive Committee of the Philadelphia Section resulted in their approval and agreement to participate as a co-sponsor. Later, the PGAP also agreed to co-sponsor the meeting.


Literature evidence revealed several sources of genes that could be used to shorten the tails of sheep. Genes from the Northern short-tail group are preferable as there are no known detrimental effects on viability. Tail length from anus to tip, divided by the distance from anus to hock and calculated as a percentage was used to correct tail length for body size differences. Adjusted tail length of the progeny was best explained by additive effects for adjusted tail length of the sire (P<0.001) and dam breed (P<0.001). A small but significant interaction was also evident (P<0.01). Mean tail length was shortest for Finnish Landrace lambs (88mm) and longest for Wiltshire x Cheviot lambs (251mm). Cheviot lambs had long tails (226mm), while various crosses between Finnish Landrace and Cheviots suggest that mean tail length will be the average of the parents. The experiment suggests inheritance of a number of genes and that it will therefore be straightforward to produce genetically-docked tails using cross breeding followed by selection and interbreeding.


A home is intimately tied to the health and wellbeing of its residents, and Americans spend some 70% of their time at home. Evidence in a new, groundbreaking U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) report, Home RX: The Health Benefits of Home Performance, shows that home performance upgrades can improve the quality of a home's indoor environment by reducing the prevalence of harmful indoor air pollutants and contaminants. Until recently, however, no systematic review of this evidence had been conducted, limiting full understanding of the link between home performance and health.


Danish is a major Scandinavian language spoken daily by around six million people. However, it lacks a unified, open set of NLP tools. This demonstration will introduce DKIE, an extensible open-source toolkit for processing Danish text. We implement an information extraction architecture for Danish within GATE, including integrated third-party tools. This implementation includes the creation of a substantial set of corpus annotations for dataintensive named entity recognition. The final application and dataset is made are openly available, and the part-of-speech tagger and NER model also operate independently or with the Stanford NLP toolkit.


We report on the first numerical observation of type-II Pomeau-Manneville intermittency in a periodically driven third-order nonlinear oscillator. A discussion of such a transition to chaos in terms of the interaction of a local instability (subcritical Hopf bifurcation) and a global instability (homoclinic bifurcation) of a periodic motion is provided. We investigate the distribution of the laminar lengths and compare our numerical results with the theory. Emphasis is given to the 1/${f}^{\ensuremath{\delta}}$ divergence (\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\sim}0.67\ensuremath{\mp}0.10) observed in the small-frequency limit of power spectra.


In order to study the attenuation of neurovirulence of SA14 14 2 attenuated vaccine virus,monkeys and mice were tested with the strain and its parent SA14 virulent strain.Several dilutions(10 -2 and 10 -4 to 10 -7 )of SA14 virulent strain were inoculated in rhesus monkeys by combined intrathalamical(each thalamus 0.5 ml)and intraspinal(0.2 ml at lumbar site) inoculation,for each dilution 2 monkeys.Another 3 monkeys tested subcutaneously(SC) with a 10 -2 dilution of the strain.The SA14 14 2 in 1∶5 dilution was the same as method in 4 monkeys.Mice were inoculated intracerebrally(IC)with 10 -4 and 10 -6 to 10 -8 dilution SA14 strain,each 8 mice.Another 30 mice were inoculated SC with a 10 dilution of the strain.SA14 14 2 in 1∶5 dilution was tested in mice by IC and SC,each 30 mice. The results revealed that monkeys and mice inoculated with SA14 strain by IC route which developed neurological symptoms and died,while those receiving the attenuated SA14 14 2 virus all survived.By SC inoculation,all mice developed symptoms and died after infected with SA14 strain,on the other head all mice remained healthy after inoculation of SA14 14 2 strain.As for pathological changes,monkeys and mice receiving virulent SA14 strain were induced disseminated encephalomyelitis,neuron necrosis was the most characteristic and prominent histopathologic lesions.In monkeys the lesions mainly distributed in the anterior horn of spinal cord,thalamuses and substantia nigra of midbrain,however there were mainly located in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice.Compared with SA14,SA14 14 2 strain only induced minor inflammation reaction limited in certain sites and neuron necrosis was seldom found. This study confirms that the neurovirulence of SA14 14 2 attenuated strain is remarkably decreased,it is reliable to predict the safety of this strain to humans beings is reliable.This results also indicate that mouse is more susceptible to JE virus than monkey,therefore mice can be substituted for monkeys when screening the lots of JE attenuated vaccine for possible reversion to neurovirulence.


The usage of passive intelligent surface (PIS) is emerging as a low-cost green alternative to massive antenna systems for realizing high-energy beamforming (EB) gains. Considering the limited computational capability and constant-envelope precoding for PIS, we propose three novel low-complexity passive EB designs for optimizing the efficacy of PIS-assisted energy transfer (PET) from a multiantenna power beacon (PB) to a single-antenna energy harvesting (EH) user. The first EB design involves solving a univariate equation, and closed forms expressed are presented for the other two. Further, to maximize the practical utility of PET, we introduce a novel channel estimation (CE) protocol for obtaining least-squares estimators for the channels as required for EB designing. Using them, we also derive closed-form expressions for optimal PIS location and optimal time allocation between CE and PET within each coherence block to maximize the user's net harvested energy. Numerical results verify the CE analysis and validate the novel analytical bound derived for received power during PET and proposed PIS designs' quality against existing benchmarks. We show that the proposed jointly optimal design for PET can yield a significant improvement of about 15 dB, and a reduced active array size at PB can achieve the desired EB gain with sufficient passive elements at PIS. Finally, we also briefly discuss how the proposed CE and EB designs can be extended to the multiuser settings.


OBJECTIVES: To establish the role of orthostatic hypotension (OH) as a risk factor for cognitive decline among home‐dwelling and institutionalized older people and to describe other predictors of cognitive decline.


Background: It was reported previously that using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0, one of a class of standard 3′ based arrays, ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions affected the expressions of cell proliferation-related genes, neuron-related genes, and metabolism-related genes. The released Affymetrix Rat Gene 1.0 ST array has 2 major differences compared with standard 3′ based arrays, including Rat Genome 230 2.0: it interrogates the entire mRNA transcript and uses DNA targets. Purpose: This study is aimed at assessing the impact of these differences on the array performance. Methods: The study used Rat Gene 1.0 ST array, one of a class of whole-transcript rat exon arrays to examine the cellular mechanisms of gene regulation in the rat pancreas after VMH lesions. Results: Although the results showed that VMH lesions regulated genes involved in enzymes, metabolism, transport, binding differentiation, migration, morphology, apoptosis, neuron and immunity, the probes identified by these 2 arrays were remarkably different. Conclusion: This study also confirmed that VMH lesions may affect the expression of many functional genes in rat pancreas.


To strengthen the Party's leadership and supervision over politico_legal affairs is the essential guarantee of advancing "the rule by law" and improving the level of rule of law in our country.Party Committees at different levels should strengthen both the macroscopic leadership and supervision over politico_legal affairs,and the microscopic management of them.


Background Omicron is the recently emerged highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant that has caused a dramatic increase in coronavirus disease-2019 infection cases worldwide. This study was to investigate the association between demographic and laboratory findings, and the duration of Omicron viral clearance. Methods Approximately 278 Omicron cases at the Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed between August 11 and August 31, 2022. Demographic and laboratory data were also collected. The association between demographics, laboratory findings, and duration of Omicron viral clearance was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Univariate logistic regression analyses showed that a prolonged viral clearance time was significantly associated with older age and lower immunoglobulin (Ig) G and platelet (PLT) levels. Using multinomial logistic regression analyses, direct bilirubin, IgG, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and PLT were independent factors for longer viral shedding duration. The model combining direct bilirubin, IgG, APTT, and PLT identifies patients infected with Omicron whose viral clearance time was ≥7 days with 62.7% sensitivity and 83.4% specificity. Conclusion These findings suggest that direct bilirubin, IgG, PLT, and APTT are significant risk factors for a longer viral shedding duration in patients infected with Omicron. Measuring levels of direct bilirubin, IgG, PLT, and APTT is advantageous to identify patients infected with Omicron with longer viral shedding duration.


Research activities related to the development of negative electrodes for construction of high‐performance Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) with conventional cathodes such as LiCoO2, LiFePO4, and LiMn2O4 are described. The anode materials are classified in to three main categories, insertion, conversion, and alloying type, based on their reactivity with Li. Although numerous materials have been proposed (i.e., for half‐cell assembly), few of them have reached commercial applications, apart from graphite, Li4Ti5O12, Si, and Sn‐Co‐C. This clearly demonstrates that full‐cell studies are desperately needed rather than just characterizing materials in half‐cell assemblies. Additionally, the performance of such anodes in practical Li‐ion configurations (full‐cell) is much more important than merely proposing materials for LIBs. Irreversible capacity loss, huge volume variation, unstable solid electrolyte interface layer formation, and poor cycleability are the main issues for conversion and alloy type anodes. This review addresses how best to circumvent the mentioned issues during the construction of Li‐ion cells and the future prospects of such anodes are described in detail.


Occurrence of landslides is very common and frequent phenomenon in hilly terrain of Indian Himalayan region leading to severe environmental and socio-economic issues. The current research used the method of weighted parameter, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for landslide susceptibility mapping in the study area, East Sikkim district of Sikkim Himalaya. The different thematic layers were produced from high-resolution terrain corrected ALOS PALSAR DEM of 12.5 meter spatial resolution, Sentinel-2A data of 10 meter spatial resolution multi-spectral satellite information, LANDSAT 8 multi-spectral satellite information and multiple other landslide-related sources such as rainfall distribution, slope and structural/linear features (faults, thrusts, roads). These thematic map layers were integrated in a GIS platform (ArcGIS10.7) to delineate vulnerable landslide prone zones. The weighted assigned values were used for assigning weightage ranging from 0 to 10 for various causative factors responsible for landslide occurrences using standard weighted overly techniques. Landslide susceptibility map of the entire research area is split into three categories i.e. low susceptibility, medium susceptibility and high susceptibility. The final map of the landslide susceptibility was further validated with GPS location information gathered from the field survey of active landslide locations. This research would be helpful in the study region for adequate planning of future development of infrastructure, landslide hazard prevention, and geo-environmental development.


High demand for green space under COVID restrictions led councils in Melbourne to temporarily open golf courses to non-golfers and fuelled public calls to "unlock" or repurpose them permanently. However, this must be done carefully because many golf courses are oases of biodiversity in Australian cities. If more people visit golf courses, increased disturbance of wildlife is just one of the results that may be incompatible with their nature conservation values.


Chapter 1. History and Benefits of Bicycling Chapter 2. Choosing a Bicycle Chapter 3. Rules of the Road Chapter 4. Bicycle Handling Skills Chapter 5. Avoidance Maneuvers Chapter 6. Bicycle Parts and Quick Repairs Chapter 7. Gear and Equipment Chapter 8. Commuting by Bicycle Chapter 9. Cycling for the Fun of It Chapter 10. Ready to Ride.


The article deals with the problem of piracy off the coast of Somalia, analyzes the basic premise of its origin, characterized by the possible options for future development.


The paper deals with two levels which characterize realization of the word. The author argues that interrelationship of semantics and metasemiotics is of paramount importance for describing the word in terms of the unity of language and speech.


Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were used to modify bitumen. Effect of LDHs on physical properties and chemical compositions of bitumen was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out to analyze the structural change of LDHs modified bitumen after UV aging. The results show that LDHs is effective in improving the UV aging resistance of bitumen since the viscosity aging index (VAI) and softening point increment (SPI) of bitumen decrease while the retained penetration ratio (RPR) increases with increasing LDHs contents. The carbonyl and sulfoxide of LDHs modified bitumen presented a smaller increase after UV aging in comparison with unmodified bitumen according to FTIR analysis, and the changing rate of carbonyl and sulfoxide index of aromatics and asphaltenes reduced obviously compared with the slight changes of saturates and resins after the introduction of LDHs during UV aging, which demonstrated that LDHs mainly inhibit the oxidation of aromatics and asphaltenes during the UV aging.


Background: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), is a key structure in the knee joint and one of the most frequently injured in clinical practice. Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred method for the diagnosis of ACL and associated injuries. However, the sensitivity and specificity of standard MRI for the detection of partial ACL tears is low. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic efficacy of additional oblique sagittal MR images for MRI diagnosis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears. Patients and Methods: We prospectively evaluated 51 patients who were referred to the MRI unit because of trauma of knee soft tissue structures. MR images were interpreted using two methods: Standard images (method A); and standard images together with additional oblique sagittal images (method B). The condition of the ACL (normal or tear) was estimated. The findings were compared with the arthroscpoic results as a golden standard. Results: Standard knee MR protocol (method A) was positive in 44 out of 51 cases (86.3%), with 18 cases diagnosed as complete tear (35.3%), 26 cases were diagnosed as partial tear (51.0%). Whereas, using method B: 18 cases were diagnosed as complete tear (35.3%), 31 cases were diagnosed as partial tear (60.8%) and two cases were normal (3.9%). Both methods achieved similar results in detection of complete ACL tear. However there was statistically significant difference between the two methods regarding the diagnosis of partial tear of the ACL (p-value <0.016). Conclusion: Adding oblique sagittal technique to the standard MR imaging improved diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing partial ACL tear. However, oblique sagittal technique is as efficient as standard MRI for the evaluation of complete ACL tear. Thus, suggesting the use of additional oblique-sagittal images in cases of suspicion of partial ACL tear.


Population growth increase the demand rate on the market, along with increasing family needs, fro examplesuch as wardrobe furniture. Lekas Wardrobe are here to satisfy the needs of customers by paying attention to consumer needs through several studies, namely using HOQ/QFD and Business Feasibility Analysis. This study aims to determine wether the Lekas Wardrobe as a furniture manufacturer is feasible or not to run. By using primary data throught data interviews in the form of questionnaire, HOQ/QFD found tha customer desires are wardrobe that have the adventages of multifunction, quality materials, low prices, beauty, resistance to termites, size and safety. The the product quality that needs the considered is the type of material, the product model, the production cost, the completeness of the product, and the beauty of the shape. In terms of Business Feasibility Analysis, as a product that wants to satisfy customer, tests are carried out from the several aspects that must have a certain the standard of value, but the assessment of the product is not only through an assessment of one aspect. The analytical method used in the Business Feasibility Analysis includes juridical aspects, technical and technological aspects, marketand marketing aspects, financial aspects, organizational aspects, and SKB Assessment (AMDAL) aspects. The result showed that the Lekas Wardrobe is quite feasible to run and has good opportunities and prospects.


Device for forming and transferring longitudinal strips of paper to the decorative carriage for a packaging container thermoformed # device comprising: - a reel support roller;. - a unit of longitudinal cut into longitudinal strips; - guide rollers for the longitudinal strips; - guide rails introduction carriage; - a geared motor associated with a toothed belt, which in turn is attached to the feed device and cross section, moving transversely toward the forming device crosspieces at a controlled rate; - guide rails of the mobile carriage of the input unit and cross section of the flags; - at least one compensation device comprises a set of fixed and movable rollers, by mechanical transmission means driven by the gear motor displacement module introduction and transverse cutting.


The invention provides a method and device for controlling a setting menu of an application program and relates to the field of electronic devices. The method and device are used for displaying the built-in setting menu of the application program through a setting program. The method comprises the steps that the setting program obtains a setting menu call instruction; the setting menu call instruction is used for indicating the setting program to display the setting menu of the application program; the setting program obtains description data of the setting menu, stored by the application program, through an access interface according to the setting menu call instruction; the access interface is used for transmitting data related to the setting menu of the application program; the description data are used for storing menu items of the setting menu of the application program; the setting program displays the setting menu of the application program according to the description data.


In this paper, we present a new image sensor architecture for fast and accurate compressive sensing (CS) of natural images. Measurement matrices usually employed in CS CMOS image sensors are recursive pseudo-random binary matrices. We have proved that the restricted isometry property of these matrices is limited by a low sparsity constant. The quality of these matrices is also affected by the non-idealities of pseudo-random number generators (PRNG). To overcome these limitations, we propose a hardware-friendly pseudo-random ternary measurement matrix generated on-chip by means of class III elementary cellular automata (ECA). These ECA present a chaotic behavior that emulates random CS measurement matrices better than other PRNG. We have combined this new architecture with a block-based CS smoothed-projected Landweber reconstruction algorithm. By means of single value decomposition, we have adapted this algorithm to perform fast and precise reconstruction while operating with binary and ternary matrices. Simulations are provided to qualify the approach.


Abstract : Several problems relevant in the application of mechanics to real-world problems were treated. The work included theoretical analysis of solutions of partial differential equations, detailed studies of numerical techniques for approximately solving differential equations arising in mechanics, as well as actual numerical computations using such numerical schemes to model experimental phenomena. Application areas impacted by this research include heat conduction and fluid mechanics. Also closely related are problems arising in the study of controlled fusion. In addition, the work has added significantly to theoretical understanding of numerical methods for solving various partial differential equations. (Author)


One of the most important concrete properties for structural concrete design or re-design is the compressive strength. Furthermore, other important concrete properties can be derived from the compressive strength. This property is typically obtained by standardised crushing tests on cast cubes or cylinders. However, cast cubes or cylinders may not be available for testing and, therefore, alternative tests need to be considered. The most reliable alternative test is the core test, which needs specimens extracted from the structure. Obviously, this is a very destructive test and other less destructive tests have been developed and deserve some attention. Some of non-destructive or partially destructive tests were carried out by the authors on normal and high strength concrete and compared with cube/cylinder common tests and also with core tests. This paper presents results from this study. Test procedures and reliability of non-destructive tests are analysed and discussed. Conclusions are presented.


A collection of 48 articles designed to get students to think about what international relations will look like in ten years.


The invention discloses an anti-surge plate and an oil tank. The anti-surge plate comprises a bottom plate (1) and a plurality of side plates (2); the plurality of side plates (2) are arranged in the periphery of the bottom plate (1) to encircle a cavity; a plurality of through holes (3) are formed in the bottom plate (1) or the plurality of side plates (2); a plurality of anti-surge baffles (4) are arranged on the inner side surface of the side plates (2). The anti-surge plate and the oil tank solve the problem that the oil tank in the prior art has a poor anti-surge effect which damages the whole structure of the oil tank; a mounted oil tank is provided, which is simple in structure and has a good anti-surge effect.


migraine (CM) following eptinezumab treatment. Methods: PROMISE-2 (NCT02974153) was a double-blind, placebo-con-trolled, parallel-group trial that randomized adults with CM to eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, or placebo IV every 12 weeks for up to 24 weeks (2 infusions). Headache episodes (migraine and non-migraine) and their characteristics were reported in daily electronic diaries during the 28-day baseline period and through-out the 24-week treatment period. Results: A total of 1072 patients were included. Patients reported a mean of 20.4 – 20.6 monthly headache days during baseline across treatment groups. Mean monthly headache days decreased by 8.9 (100 mg) and 9.7 (300 mg) with eptinezumab versus 7.3 with placebo over weeks 1-24. Mean monthly headache episodes also decreased by 8.4 (100 mg) and 9.0 (300 mg) compared to 7.1 with placebo over weeks 1-24. Among headaches occurring post-treatment, decreases in severe pain, nausea, phonophobia, photophobia, and physical activity limitations were numerically greater than placebo. Conclusions: In patients with CM, eptinezumab numerically decreased the frequency and severity of monthly headache days and episodes more than placebo. Patients treated with eptinezumab reported a decrease in burdensome symptoms of headache episodes. Alberta. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with ≥ 1 ICD-9-CM/ ICD-10-CA code for migraine or ≥ 1 prescription for a triptan from April 1 st , 2012 to March 31 st , 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study outcomes. Results: The incidence of migraine exceeded 1,000 cases per 100,000 person-years over the study period. The mean age of the cohort (n=199,931) was 40.0, and 72.3% were women. Migraine-related HRU accounted for 3%-10% of all HRU across endpoints (e.g., ED visits, hospitalization, physician visits). One-third of the cohort were prescribed acute medications (non-steroidal anti-in fl ammatories, triptans or other (including opioids)), whereas fewer than one- fi fth were prescribed at least one migraine preventive such as tricyclic anti-depressants (proportion: 15%), anti-convulsants (13%), beta-blockers (7%), or neurotoxins (4%). Conclusions: The low medication prescription rates and high HRU indicates the potential unmet need and high disability in patients with migraine. The impact of migraine treatment patterns on HRU is an avenue for future research. cate-gories PHQ-9 (r=.55) and MSQ total (r=-.53). Other correlations with MIBS-4 were low (GAD-7, r=0.42; MIDAS, r=0.41; PGI-S, r=0.32) or negligible (migraine headache days, r=0.22). After 3 months, from a mean baseline of 13.2 monthly migraine headache days, galcanezumab patients improved by 4.4 vs 1.3 days for placebo (p < .0001). From mean MIBS-4 baseline of 5.5, galcanezumab patients improved by 1.8 vs 0.8 points for placebo (p < .0001). Conclusions: Galcanezumab signi fi cantly reduced ictal and interictal burden of migraine. Results suggest interictal burden is a distinct effect of the disease. We report on longitudinally followed autopsy-veri fi ed PD tremor onset cases. Methods: A chart review of longitudinally followed autopsy-veri fi ed PD cases was performed. Age and mode of onset were recorded at initial evaluation. Prognosis was measured by change in Hoehn and Yahr scale while on levodopa (LD). Results: Forty-nine patients were included. Thirty-eight cases had upper limb (UL), four lower limb (LL), and seven upper and lower limb (ULL) onset tremor. UL had 86.8% response to LD, LL 50% and ULL 85.7%. Sub-analysis of UL responders found 20% mild improvement, 53.3% moderate and 26.7% marked. ULL had moderate response in 83.3% and marked in 16.7%. LL responders only had mild improvement with LD. Conclusions: Tremor onset is most common in UL, followed by ULL and then LL. LL onset tremor cases have an inferior response to LD when compared to UL and ULL cases. We plan for further pathophysiologic studies to investigate LL onset in PD.


The laboratory work is solid in local university,and it really accumulates lots of valuable experience in actual work.However,with the gradual improvement of the education quality of teaching in laboratory conditions,there exist problems to be solved urgently in many aspects such as the environment and conditions,the teaching staff,the effective management and its operation,the teaching of experimental course in the local universities.


China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University implemented the problem-based learning (PBL) in urologist clinical medicine teaching. This paper described the teaching methods used, analyzed the information feedbacked from the students and finally summarized the experience got from whole course.It increased of the students' interests and raised the student' s learning efficiency and cultivated the stadents' abilities at all aspects. It concluded that PBL should be promoted in the course of practice teaching for medical students.

Key words:
Problem-based learning; Teaching method; Urology; Practice teaching


The properties of weak primary submodules of multiplication modules are studied.It is shown that:Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M a unitary R-module.(1)If M is a multiplication Module and N is a weak primary submodule of M,then N is a prime submodule of M;(2)Let M be a multiplication module,L a submodule of M and f∶ML an epimorphism.If N is a weak primary submodule of L,then f-1(N) is a weak primary submodule of M.


We report optical observations of the millisecond pulsar binary system PSR J1622–0315 with the Lulin 1 m telescope in Taiwan and the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope in China between 2019 and 2021. The companion of the pulsar, which is of V ∼ 19 mag, showed ellipsoidal-distorted orbital variations in its light curves. The best-fit model to the light curves, with the binary code PHOEBE, gives a companion mass of 0.122 ± 0.006 M ⊙. This places PSR J1622–0315 in the spider-system subclass. We compared the properties of PSR J1622–0315 with other spider pulsar binaries for the scalings between the spin-down luminosity derived for the pulsar, irradiation luminosity of the companion, and X-ray luminosity of the binary. We find that pulsar irradiation in PSR J1622–0315 is insignificant and the irradiation luminosity of the transitional millisecond pulsars PSR J1023+0038 and PSR J1227–4853 are the highest among the redback systems.


Between 1970 and 1980, several hundred hospitals closed in the United States.' Many of these facilities-public and voluntary hospitals serving the poor-were not superfluous institutions in a health care system drowning in excess hospital beds. Rather, these hospitals were the primary, and often the only, providers of care to the impoverished of this nation. In 1965, when Medicare and Medicaid were passed, the closure of so many of these hospitals could not have been predicted. It was thought that, with a transfusion of government money, endangered hospitals which served a disproportionate number of poor and minorities would survive and flourish, integrated into the larger, more prosperous (and previously separate) health care system. Unfortunately, this did not come to pass, for three reasons. First, even after the passage of Medicare and Medicaid, endangered hospitals continued to serve large numbers of uninsured poor. Because in some states Medicaid coverage was limited to public assistance categories and to persons with excessively low incomes, a significant percentage of individuals and families with incomes below the poverty level were never in the program. Medicaid and welfare cuts, moreover, have further reduced the number of Medicaid recipients. From 1977 to 1979, the number of eligible persons in the Medicaid program declined by 1.5 million [1]. In 1981, 28 states proposed or enacted Medicaid cuts, and six states dropped Medicaid for families with unemployed parents; in 1982, cuts in Aid to Families with Dependent Children and other programs resulted in an estimated 661,000 children and 181,000 adults losing their Medicaid coverage [2]. The Medicaid program-meant to insure that all Americans, no matter how poor, could get medical care in times of illness-now covers only half of the country's poor. Some states, such as Mississippi and Texas, exclude 75 percent of their indigents from the program [3].


Reorganization is one of the most common activities of government, but it is not adequately understood, either by practitioners or by scholars. This article applies three broad approaches in administrative theory—purpo sive action, environmental determinism, and institutionalism—to the study of reform in industrialized democracies. Each of these three broad approaches is further divided into a number of more specific approaches. The article evaluates all the available approaches, and ends by arguing in favor of the institutional approach.


A method of preparing a dough material expanded fiber friable so that it can be dried in a dryer convective style, the process comprising providing a first mass of wet fibrous material having a first moisture content and providing a second mass of material wet fibrous having a second moisture content that is at least 10% lower than the moisture content of the first wet mass of fibrous material as measured in g H2O / g fiber solids; combining the first mass and the second mass to form a combined mass; providing the combined mass to a drying environment; and drying the combined mass to improve the drying rate of the first mass of wet fibers.


How can applied linguistics address the social challenges posed by an increasingly internationalized and global economy? What promising areas of investigation are emerging, with the potential to impact society? These questions are addressed by this volume, which aims to provide an overview of possible pathways for research in applied linguistics. The book achieves this aim by focusing on four key areas of enquiry demarcated by the editor, Ana Bocanegra-Valle: knowledge transfer, internationalization, employability, and social challenges. In the introduction, the intention of the volume is foregrounded: to raise awareness of how applied linguistics can contribute to 'enhancing economic growth and societal well-being' (p. 9), especially through the collaboration between universities, the industry, and the public sector. The four areas of interest are clearly and concisely explained and argumented for, before the comprehensive overview of the contents of the volume. Part one of the volume is dedicated to knowledge transfer, defined as the exchange process of skills, competencies, and information between the university and the industry/public sector. This cross-fertilization can point to interesting and novel pathways for research within applied linguistics, and the four contributions in this part of the volume open vistas toward areas that are not typically investigated in our discipline. Some of these vistas are outlined in Chapter 1, where Mairal-Usón and Faber provide a thought-provoking overview of new directions for linguistics research in the 21st century: digitalization, artificial intelligence and human–machine interaction, health sciences and neurogenerative diseases, and interdisciplinary research in collaboration with biology. In Chapter 2, Tarp illustrates how lexicography can inform the development of digital writing assistants as integrated information tools, with possible benefits for language learning and teaching. Fouz-González, in Chapter 3, connects to research in computer-assisted language learning and presents the learners' perspectives on a pronunciation app, lifting the research potential of smartphone technology as a digital support for language learning. Finally, this section of the book is closed by Sancho Guinda, who explores an intriguing genre combining rhetorical and discoursal traditions of academic, engineering, and computer-mediated writing—the entrepreneurial proposal. Her work illustrates how university practices often expect students to master complex genres of communication, but seldom scaffold students in this endeavor. In Part two, internationalization in higher education is approached. First, Elspeth Jones argues for the necessity to internationalize the curriculum for


PURPOSE: A dispenser for medicinal preparations pills is provided to enable a pharmacist to sanitarily dispense pills without separate tools or hands, and to improve the accuracy and convenience of distribution. CONSTITUTION: The dispenser for medicinal preparations pills comprises a cover(11); a pills case(1) that the top part is opened and closed by the cover and the bottom part is also open; a driving unit case(2) coupled to the opened bottom of the case, which is formed with a discharge hole(22) for discharging pills one by one and a center hole(21); a bottom plate(3) coupled to the bottom of the driving unit case, which also has a center hole(31); a handle(4) attached to the sides of the pills case and the driving unit case; a conical rotating rotor(5) having a coupling shaft(51) fitted into the center hole of the driving unit case and a plurality of insertion grooves(52) formed along the circumference thereof at regular distances in order to receive the pills one by one; a ratchet(6) from which a square rod(1) is projected upward to be inserted into the coupling shaft of the rotor; a push button device(7); and a blocking plate(8) inserted to the one side of the case in order to intercept the insertion of the pills into the insertion grooves that emptied after discharging the pill.


Effects different concentration of NaCl,Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 on Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisc.seed germination were studied in this paper,it will provide the reference for the selection of suitable saline-alkali land to growing Glycyrrhiza uralensis.The results showed that the germination starting and germination peak were delayed in Na2SO4 and NaCl stress.The inhibition on germination in Na2SO4 stress was more severe than NaCl treatment under the same condition.With the increasing concentration of NaHCO3,the germination rate,germination potential and germination index all declined.But there were no influence on the germination starting.The concentration of 25 mmol/L NaHCO3 had no significant effect on the germination rate,germination potential and germination index.The germination rate increased under 80mmol/L NaCl or Na2SO4 treatment.


To advance theory, this study details how consumers evaluate multiple percentage price changes (discounts or surcharges). If they consider two discounts—for example, take 18% off the list price, then take an additional 12% off—consumers weight the two percentages to make their evaluations. Cues endogenous to the communication of those percentages also influence the weights applied, according to whether the two percentages appear presented at the same time (simultaneously) or temporally separated (sequentially) and whether the first percentage is larger or smaller. Depending on both the presentation mode and the ordering, consumers use different processes. In addition to providing practical guidance, this article extends understanding of anchoring and adjustment processes; information presented simultaneously leads consumers to anchor on the first piece of information. Sequential presentation instead induces surprise and shifts attention to the latter percentage change, which serves as the anchor in subsequent judgments. In addition to the underlying theory for these effects, this article delineates some boundary conditions and reveals the effects on consumers' evaluations and choices, with findings from 11 studies.


The article analyses the reasons of poor regional sports state. From a perspective of added value the author considers a possibility to form value creating systems for sports enterprises and organizations with the purpose of their adaptation to contemporary economic environment.


—Action recognition with cluttered and moving background is a challenging problem. One main difficulty lies in the fact that the motion field in an action region is contaminated by the background motions. We propose a Hierarchical Filtered Motion (HFM) method to recognize actions in crowded videos by using Motion History Image (MHI) as basic representations of motion due to its robustness and efficiency. First, we detect interest points as the 2D Harris corners with recent motion, e.g. locations with high intensities in MHI. Then a global spatial motion smoothing filter is applied to the gradients of MHI to eliminate isolated unreliable or noisy motions. At each interest point, a local motion field filter is applied to the smoothed gradients of MHI by computing a structure proximity between any pixel in the local region and the interest point. Thus the motion at a pixel is enhanced or weakened based on its structure proximity with the interest point. To validate its effectiveness, we characterize the spatial and temporal features by Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) in the intensity image and MHI respectively and use a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based classifier for action recognition. The performance of the proposed approach achieves the state-of-the-art results on KTH dataset which has clean background. More importantly, we perform cross dataset action classification and detection experiments where KTH dataset is used for training while MSR Action Dataset II, which consists of crowded videos with people moving in the background, is used for testing. Our experiments show that the proposed hierarchical filtered motion method significantly outperforms existing techniques.


Solar thermal energy is very abundant in areas that have a tropical climate such as in North Sumatra Province which is always exposed to sunlight throughout the year. It is a source of energy that has the potential to be developed. Solar Power Plants (PLTS) generate electricity from solar cells that are exposed to sunlight. The high and low voltage generated depends on the amount of sunlight hitting the solar cell panel. Building I of Pembangunan Panca Budi University uses a source of electrical energy from PT. PLN as the only primary source to run all the facilities in the building. The obstacle that is often experienced is when there is a blackout or cessation of the supply of electrical energy from PLN. All equipment that uses electrical energy stops working due to the absence of electricity.The research method is to collect data in the field, analyze the collected data and analyze the factors that influence the intensity of the sun. The number of solar cell panels used is 189 units with a capacity of 250 Wp with the area required for solar cell panel installation is 189 x 1.7 = 321.3 m². The use of solar cells as a source of New, Renewable Energy (EBT) is one of the alternative energy sources which is expected to be able to meet the demand for electrical energy in Building I Pembangunan Panca Budi University.


The effect of hydrazine on the photophysical and morphological properties of water-soluble thioglycolic acid-capped cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles at room temperature has been investigated. At lower concentrations of hydrazine (0.5 M), a large enhancement in the luminescence of CdTe nanoparticles was observed without any shape change; hydrazine saturates the Cd dangling bonds on the nanoparticles' surface through coordination. Interestingly, highly crystalline CdTe nanowires with hexagonal wurtzite structure were obtained at higher concentrations of hydrazine (2.0 M) through the recrystallization of linearly assembled aggregated CdTe nanoparticles with a zinc blend structure. Strong dipole−dipole interaction between the nanoparticles in the presence of hydrazine assists their linear aggregation, and low activation energy for phase-transition drives their recrystallization to nanowires. Extremely simple methodology presented here opens up novel pathways for the synthesis of one-dimensional semicond...


ABSTRACT The Deaf context presents unique challenges to the concept of engaged research. Language and cultural differences, as well as contemporary academic pressures, often inform researcher choices rather than addressing social change with the people and community/ies facing the issues. In this article, I reflect on my experiences of producing and disseminating engaged research with Deaf people in a contemporary academic context. Hearing researchers frequently conduct research with/on people with whom they do not share an embodied experience, language, and culture in an academic system that is more often than not inaccessible (linguistically, educationally, financially, culturally) to Deaf people. The inaccessibility of academia also points to a history of hearing society perpetrating oppressive acts on the Deaf communities of the world. This history continues to shape Deaf/hearing relations today; therefore, I discuss the ethics, politics, and practicalities of doing engaged research as a hearing researcher with Deaf people.


Tin -free steel can is an ideal alternative to open top sanitary t in cans (OTS) for thermal processing of little tuna ( Ethynnus affinis ) in curry used as filling media. Effect of heat penetration on physical, biochemical and sensory characteristics of canned tuna product were studied. The chemical analysis of raw tuna fish showed a protein content of 24.20 % and a lipid content of 1.37%. Comparatively, tuna used in the present study is more suitable for canning due to the presence of more protein and less fat in its flesh. Precooking is an important step in general canning process as it serves to reduce moisture content along with inhibiting enzymatic reaction, decreasing microbial load and cleansing the meat. The protein content of precooked tuna was 2.92% more than raw tuna due to relative concentration of moisture content decreases due to precooking. The percentage of yield of light meat and dark meat was 36.58% and 10.18% from whole cooked tuna and the same for dark and white meat was 28.40%. Tuna in curry packed in two metal container s subjected to thermal processing at 115 0 C for 70 minutes . The F 0 (slowest heating point) values for canned tuna in curry packed in TFS and Tin cans obtained were 10.13 and 10.23 minutes and cook values were 145.5 minutes & 153.6 minutes respectively . During the storage period, the total volatile base nitrogen, trimethyleamine nitrogen, free fatty acid values were found to increase, while thiobarbituric acid value decreased and pH was slightly acidic . There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in appearance, colour, odour, taste, flavour, texture, overall quality of the raw tuna and final products. However, both canned products were acceptable even after storage of 5 months at ambient temperature and also , the product remained commercially sterile. It was concluded that according to quality of the product and heat penetration studies, tin - free steel container can be used as alternative to the open top sanitary tin cans for canning tuna meat.


Even the most general and seemingly universal ideas have a unique representation in every single
language. In this paper, we analyze the Russian words da "yes" and hem "no", as well as their
English and German correlates. We show that these words behave differently from language to
language. As empirical basis, we took two Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling (Harry Potter and
the Sorcerer's Stone and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets) and their German and Russian
translations. Many of the cross-linguistic differences discussed in the paper go back to the
language specific properties of the discourse structure.


Marx' The Capital, published more than a century ago, still provides theoretical insight for us to better know the capitalism or to construct the socialism. Marx studied the issues of capitalism-to-socialism transition, and analyzed such general economic principles and rules as the interrelationship of steps of social reproduction, commodity production and its law and labour theory of value, which are really universal in all forms of society. Put forth by Marx in The Capital, these principles and rules, though originally being of capitalism, are also applicable in socialism. Most importantly, the forecast of trend about the social economic development and the conception of future socialism have direct impact on the socialist construction.


This paper give a definition to agricultural product brand from system and analyze its '4C' structure including character,communication,channel,core value,and discusses the rules of its operation.In view of the situation of China the suggestions to manage the system of agricultural product brand are advanced.


Pozzolanic activity of tired clay bricks (Homra) was studied using hydrated lime as an activato r. Three diffe rent mixes of Homra/hydrated lime were hydrated in a paste fo rm for various time intervals up to 90 days. The hydrati on characteristics of the hydrated pastes were followed by thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) at various times of hydrati on. The resul ts obtained from thermal analysis of the formed hydrates were related as much as poss ibl e to the pozzo lamc acti vity as determined by chemical analysis. The results indi cated that Homra, as a waste product o f clay bri cks industry , can be used in the production of low cost filled pozzolani c cements.


Coconut cultivation and information on the nutritional status of soils and fertilizers recommendations for its cultivation are limited in Nigeria. Since a high yield of coconut is related to the fertility status of the soil, a study was conducted to evaluate the status of soils supporting coconut cultivation. The evaluation of the surface soil (0 – 15 cm) and the subsoil (15 – 30 cm) of seven localities showed that the average pH was 5.75 ± 0.21 and 5.51 ± 0.15, respectively, indicating that the subsoil was slightly acidic than the surface soil. Highest values for the surface soil parameters were found to be 0.58 ± 0.08 gkg-1 for exchangeable acidity, 2.55 ± 0.02 gkg-1 for organic carbon (C), 0.13 ± 0.02 gkg-1 for total nitrogen (N), 20.24 ± 1.10 gkg-1 for the carbon : nitrogen ratio, 17.45 ± 0.60 for available phosphorus (P), 0.21 ± 0.02 Cmolkg-1 for sodium (Na), 0.14 ± 0.01 Cmolkg-1 for potassium (K), 2.91 ± 0.10 Cmolkg-1 for calcium (Ca) and 0.79 ± 0.06 Cmolkg-1 for magnesium (Mg). On the other hand, the subsoil parameters were 0.74 ± 0.15 gkg-1 for exchangeable acidity, 1.85 ± 0.03 gkg-1 for organic C, 0.09 ± 0.01gkg-1 for total N, 19.69 ± 0.67 gkg-1 for the carbon : nitrogen ratio, 10.15 ± 0.38 for available P, 0.16 ± 0.01 Cmolkg- 1 for Na, 0.09 ± 0.01 Cmolkg-1 for K, 1.59 ± 0.04 Cmolkg-1 for Ca and 0.46 ± 0.04 Cmolkg-1 for Mg. The results showed the samples were not generally ideal for coconut growth and production of good yields because of marginal deviation from acceptable limits. It is recommended that the soils in these localities need fertilization especially with nitrogen and potassium carriers for the purpose of coconut cultivation.


Very few attempts have been made at the survey on the mission schools which were founded by the Korean missionary outside of Korea. Quite a few articles concerning the statistics of the theological schools or seminary established by Korean churches have been published until now. A standard questionnaire(5 type) was created by the author for investigating each mission schools and to collect the statistics. It includes questions about the items of educational situation of the school, basic missional situation of the country, history of the school, trustee board, idea of foundation, school years, semester system, number of the teachers, students, class rooms, or service rooms, laboratory, gym, library and books, financial supporting system, scholarship, curriculum, christian subjects, chapel, and Korean specialties of active faith tendency. By the questionnaire, the Schools in Philippine, Thailand, Bethel New Life College in Bangalore India, Lome Methodist Seminary in Togo, Methodist Seminary in Kenya, KDAB in Bangladesh were examined. The examination has shown that the tasks of the mission schools for the effective education were as followings. Hosting the networking of the small sized Bible schools, helping to invite highly qualified teachers, recruiting qualified student, achieving accredited teaching level, publishing textbooks in their own language, fund raising for the development projects, and holding fast to the idea of christian foundation. Korean mother church has to support the mission schools to solve their problems or tasks. For example, sending experienced and qualified teachers, hosting cooperation among the small Bible Schools, exchanging faculty member and student between similar schools, more supporting christian public school rather than small ordinary mission schools. When all the replied questionnaire can be collected, we can get the up to date statistics on the mission schools which was founded by Korean missionary. This survey is the basis of that task.


1. The spermatozoa of the black-clawed crab, Lophopanopeus bellus (Stimpson) Rathbun, are minute, greenish cells, which appear like spheroids when seen from the top or bottom and like ellipsoids when seen from the side.2. The structure of these spermatozoa is very similar to that of the edible crab, Cancer magister Dana. In the centre there is a tube-like central body, and surrounding this in order of sequence is a secondary vesicle, a primary vesicle and a nuclear cup with slender radiating arms.3. There are four types of spermatozoa produced in Lophopanopeus bellus, depending on the number of radial arms which they contain. There are three-, four-, five- and six-rayed spermatozoa, with the four- and five-rayed types predominating in numbers.4. In sea water and isotonic solutions of various salts, no change occurs in the normal appearance of the spermatozoa. In hypotonic solutions of these salts the spermatozoa explode by an eversion of the two vesicles and the central body.5. In ovarian fluids some of t...


Multi-waveband synchrotron linear polarization of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows is studied under the assumption of anisotropic turbulent magnetic field with coherence length on plasma skin depth scales in the downstream of forward shocks. We find that for typical GRBs, in comparison to the optical polarization, the radio polarization degree shows a similar temporal evolution but a smaller peak value by a factor of ~ 5. This results from differences of observed intensity image shapes between the radio and optical bands. We also show that the polarization degree spectrum has a gradual variation from low to high polarization regime above the intensity spectral peak frequency, and that the difference of polarization angles in the two regimes is zero or 90 degrees. Thus, simultaneous multi-waveband polarimetric observations of GRB afterglows would be a new firm test of the plasma-scale magnetic field model. We also discuss theoretical implications from the recent detection of radio linear polarization in GRB 171205A with ALMA, other models of magnetic field configuration, and Faraday depolarization effects by thermal electrons.


The contribution concerns the interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) of the right to liberty in Article 5 (1) of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It argues that the Court has interpreted the right to liberty restrictively by way of public security grounds, with the result that more room is given to interference by state authorities at the expense of individual protection, compared to earlier interpretations. This assertion is supported by the analyses of four Grand Chamber cases the author believes stands for a restrictive interpretation of Article 5 (1), either through a narrow interpretation of its scope, or a wide interpretation of its exceptions. The use of present-day conditions in the Court's reasoning is examined to identify their role in the development towards a restrictive interpretation of the right to liberty, and it is argued that the restrictive approach is a variation of the method of 'evolutive interpretation'. On the basis of the analyses, it is finally argued that the list of permissible detention grounds in Article 5 (1) is no longer exhaustive.


We approach the problem of estimating the parameters of a latent tree graphical model from a hierarchical tensor decomposition point of view. In this new view, the marginal probability table of the observed variables is treated as a tensor, and we show that: (i) the latent variables induce low rank structures in various matricizations of the tensor; (ii) this collection of low rank matricizations induces a hierarchical low rank decomposition of the tensor. We further derive an optimization problem for estimating (alternative) parameters of a latent tree graphical model, allowing us to represent the marginal probability table of the observed variables in a compact and robust way. The optimization problem aims to find the best hierarchical low rank approximation of a tensor in Frobenius norm.

For correctly specified latent tree graphical models, we show that a global optimum of the optimization problem can be obtained via a recursive decomposition algorithm. This algorithm recovers previous spectral algorithms for hidden Markov models (Hsu et al., 2009; Foster et al., 2012) and latent tree graphical models (Parikh et al., 2011; Song et al., 2011) as special cases, elucidating the global objective these algorithms are optimizing. For misspecified latent tree graphical models, we derive a novel decomposition based on our framework, and provide approximation guarantee and computational complexity analysis. In both synthetic and real world data, this new estimator significantly improves over the state-of-the-art.


Phosphorus is an indispensable mineral, crucial to growth and development both structurally and metabolically but phytate (a major storage form of phosphorus in seeds of plants) decreases mineral bioavailability and nutrient digestibility. Subsequently, in determining the influence of phytate with/without phytase or citrate on laying performance, 5 soybean-maize based diets of similar nutrient density were formulated: a control diet with 0.21% phytate-P and 0.36 % nonphytate-P but no added phytate, and a second similar diet except that the inorganic phosphorus source was replaced by added phytate-P. The third, fourth and fifth diets were similar to the second diet but they contained 0.3% phytase, 1.5% citrate, 0.3% phytase plus 1.5% citrate, respectively. Each treatment was randomly assigned to 35-week-old laying hens. Hens fed the phytase diet showed a pronounced increase in egg production (P 0.05), egg weights were affected (P 0.05). Both phytase and phytase plus citrate treatments yielded high serum and yolk total cholesterol, followed by the citrate and phytate-P, and the least for the control diet. Supplementary phytase and/or citrate seems to increase nutrients availability. Whether citrate increases susceptibility of phytate to phytase by removing cations bound to phytate or creating digesta pH conducive for phytate hydrolysis is yet to be determined.


There has ever been an increase in the bend of integration of the world's politics, economy and culture, and psychology cannot sidestep this tendency. Traditional psychology puts undue emphasis on methods of researching, and one-sidedly concerns itself with single cultural background, each of which has its own formation, thus resulting in one- dimensional development of psychology. The essence of the globalization of psychology, however, lies in doing the problem-centred research and returning to reality, so that psychological study will become more realistic in character.


Speaking for Transactional Functions as a course in English foreign language learning curriculum is essentially needed. This Speaking  class provides students beneficial activities for the English language speaking skills development and give them a lot of experiences in the process of learning in and beyond the classroom and working through a project. This study aims at describing the students' experiences on transactional speaking projects. Since this research describes the condition that exists, the most appropriate method used in this research is the descriptive method. Seven EFL students become the participants of the research. An interview are used for the data collection. The result of interview is then transcribed.  The responses on the interview show that Students get a lot of benefits from the transactional speaking projects. The projects improve their 21st century skill : communication, collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking. It also improves the skill of technology use and English language skills development. Besides the benefits,  the students also face some challenges in doing the project, such as choosing and exchanging the appropriate background for the topic, editing  video, and taking turn in conversation. However, the challenges encourage them to learn and do more for the improvement of their knowledge and behaviour. In short, the students get benefial experiences in the projects.


It is given the description of automorphisms of generalized unipotent group UDr(K) over the field K; char К ≠ 2 and Г is chain.


Farming is a major sector of Indian economy, and one of the most efficient and beneficial ways of promoting farming is Green Marketing, which is the process of improvisation of brand perception by following positive environmental objectives. Delivery of farm products from the producers to consumers often includes the hand of middlemen, called Mediators, because of whom, there often arises a substantial decrease in profit for the producers. By incorporating the principles of green marketing, buyers can receive the farm produce, i.e., vegetables, and grains directly from the producers, thereby eliminating the hand of mediators. It is believed that this approach has a wide scope in metropolitan areas, where people seldom have time to walk to the grocery stores and buy farm produce. The proposed system is developed using Java, XML, and Firebase. The application maintains complete transparency in payments and is user-friendly.


The concept of quality by design (QbD) has recently been adopted for the development of pharmaceutical processes to ensure a predefined product quality. Focus on applying the QbD concept to analytical methods has increased as it is fully integrated within pharmaceutical processes and especially in the process control strategy. Quality by design (QbD) refers to the achievement of certain predictable quality with desired and predetermined specifications. The QbD based method development helps in generating a design space and operating space with knowledge of all method performance characteristics and limitations and successful method robustness within the operating space. A very useful component of QbD is the understanding of factors and their interaction effects by a desired set of experiments. For the purpose of QbD for HPLC methods, robustness and ruggedness should be verified early in the method development stage to ensure method performance over the lifetime of the product. Quality-by-Design principles are applied to build in a more scientific and risk-based multi-factorial approach to the development and validation of analytical methods using HPLC


This note fixes a small gap in the proof in [4] that the limit set of the handlebody set has measure
zero.


One of the foremost-cited rationales for study abroad during college is the development of a global perspective and intercultural sensitivity. Although this argument is mentioned frequently in promotional materials for study abroad, it has not yet been backed by research based on the outcomes of students' study abroad experiences. As more students' study abroad and study abroad programing becomes shorter, it is more important than ever to test the claims made by program organizers. The present mixed-methods study examined 12 students' development in intercultural sensitivity over the period of a four-week study abroad program in Salamanca, Spain. Findings demonstrate that students made little changes in intercultural sensitivity as measured by the Intercultural Sensitivity Index and as reported in the qualitative data; however, these methods produced conflicting findings on students' stages of intercultural sensitivity development.


greater diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The mechanism of blunt trauma may range from high-speed injuries to minor falls or direct blows to the abdomen. Motor vehicle collisions are responsible for approximately 75%, blows to the abdomen for approximately 15%, and falls for approximately 9% of injuries. Evaluation is further complicated by extraabdominal injuries, as well as by altered mental status from head trauma, alcohol intoxication, or recreational drugs.


This paper arose from the experience in overspeeding the impellers of centrifugal compressors. The industry had information that the ratio of certain moments of inertia of the impeller (about axis to about a diameter through the mass centre) should be outside a range from 0.7 to 1.5, but the basis for this prohibition was unknown. The tests provided confirmation of it in that impellers were spun successfully to overspeed. The observation was consistent with a conical precession of the impeller at an angular velocity, which was a small fraction of the angular velocity of the drive. The purpose of the investigation was to search for the dynamical basis of the prohibition.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Premise of research. Myrcia s.l. is the largest exclusively Neotropical genus of Myrtaceae, comprising about 800 species. This large genus is divided into 10 clades, most of these recently published as sections. One section, Myrcia sect. Myrcia, has 114 species distributed from Mexico to Uruguay, with species diversity centers in the Atlantic Forest, Amazon, and Cerrado. This section includes one of the most difficult to circumscribe species of the Neotropical flora, Myrcia splendens, with the same distribution as the genus and currently with almost 170 synonyms. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic patterns in Myrcia sect. Myrcia are examined for the first time using molecular data. Methodology. Phylogenetic inference is based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of internal transcribed spacer (nuclear), ndhF, psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, and trnQ-rps16 (plastid) sequences obtained by sequencing a morphologically and geographically representative sample. Phylogenetic relationships, divergence time estimates, and biogeographic patterns are investigated using BEAST and BioGeoBEARS. Pivotal results.  Results show that Myrcia sect. Myrcia is monophyletic as morphologically circumscribed. Internal relationships indicate morphologically distinct lineages, but the widespread and taxonomically unruly M. splendens emerges as polyphyletic. Lineages from Central America and the Amazon are sister to multiple dispersals to disparate biomes and subsequent colonization of the Cerrado. Further field and laboratory studies are necessary to understand the extreme morphological plasticity of this section, with a particular focus on improving taxonomic delimitations in M. splendens. Conclusions.  This article represents the largest sample of Myrcia sect. Myrcia examined to date. The results presented here demonstrate the monophyly of the section and confirm the nonmonophyly of the widespread M. splendens, with multiple accessions emerging in independent clades from different biomes. The mean estimated age for Myrcia sect. Myrcia is 22.4 mya, and the four clades of focus in this article are estimated to have originated in the Miocene.


Present days in research field the geopolymer is getting more prominent than cement. In the research area from past 30 years the geopolymer is getting major role then cement. Some researcher and their studies conformed that the geopolymer is getting good engineering properties like mechanical properties and durability properties compared to conventional concrete. Geopolymer is getting good mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. In present study the study includes total aggregate content, proportion of fine aggregate to total aggregate content, proportion of alkali to fly ash, proportion of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, making of sodium hydroxide solution, molarity of sodium hydroxide, curing at different curing conditions like oven temperature curing, air curing, curing period like 7 days and 28 days. Engineering properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of geopolymer and OPC concrete were found. The 7 days compressive strength at 12M of NaOH at 90 0 c temperature curing is getting maximum strength; at 28 days, the 12M of NaOH at 90 0 c temperature curing is getting maximum strength.


Abstract— Solvatochromic effects on the energy of visible absor‐bance and fluorescence transitions in hypericin have been studied in organic solutions and in phosphatidylcholine liposomes, suggesting that the molecule in this last case is preferentially located in the polar aprotic zone close to the lipid‐water interface. Nonradiative and radiative decays of the pigment have also been studied, combining photocalorimetric and fluorescence techniques, as a function of the pigment concentration in the liposomal phase and of the gel‐to‐sol thermotropic transition of the phos‐pholipidic bilayer. The results show that hypericin can sense the phase transition by exhibiting a stepwise increasing of the fluorescence quantum yield; concomitantly photoacoustic data indicate that in the gel phase, above a certain concentration of hypericin, clustering of the pigment promotes the formation of nonradiative long‐lived species, whereas when the bilayer is in the sol phase ultrafast nonradiative pathways become the main deactivation channels upon increasing concentration. As a consequence, as shown by photoacoustic results, the photosensitized formation of singlet oxygen is prevented when the local concentration of hypericin in the lipidic phase is greater than about 30 mM.


: The main objective of the research project reported in this paper is to develop a new type of high performance light beam that will increase the performance of usual beams (timber steel or RC beams) by combining FRP rebars cast in a ultra-high-performance concrete with short fibre reinforcement (UHPC-SFR). The beam is obtained to get a light beam with a high compressive and tensile capacity to sustain high bending moment and to be also shear resistant. The hybrid beam thus obtained possesses a lower bending stiffness than a glulam beam or steel beam of similar overall dimensions but a higher ultimate load capacity. One model is developed to validate this concept is presented in this paper. It is an analytical model based on the usual force equilibrium hypotheses. The load-displacement and moment-curvature relationships are compared to experimental results obtained from 5 large scales specimens. The results show good correlation between analytical and experimental results, and illustrate the potential interest of such composite beam configurations for civil engineering structures. Fatigue behaviour is also investigate UHPC and on 6 large scale beams.


The present paper uses the learning ability of neural networks (NN) for nonlinear systems in order to design a controller for trajectory tracking problems in wheeled mobile robots that have their kinematic constraints violated. The singular perturbation approach is used to highlight the presence of uncertainties related to the violation of the kinematic constraints and propose an alternative global feedback law in order to regard un-modeled dynamic terms. To this end, a robust control scheme based on NARMA-L2 approach and a modified version of an already existing dynamic backpropagation algorithm are used to improve the tracking error performance. The robustness of the proposed controller is compared with the classic static-state linearization techniques and a converging tracking error toward a small neighborhood containing the origin will be viewed.


INRODUCTION: Patient nowadays have been demanding healthy mouth and increasingly want perfect smile. Esthetic dentistry has received increased attention in recent years, especially due to the fact that people are more concerned about the esthetic appearance of their smile. This fact, associated with the decrease in the incidence and severity of caries, has directed the clinician's attention to conservative and non-invasive treatments, like tooth bleaching. Tooth discoloration can be influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic stains are related to enamel and dentin properties, while extrinsic stains are associated to deposition of either food or beverages stains on the tooth surface. Hence this study is aimed to evaluate the tooth whitening efficacy of commercially available tooth whitening pastes available in India. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 60 human anterior collected after extraction-the prepared specimens were immersed for 24 hours in black tea mixture-washed in distilled water for 10 seconds and random divided into 6 groups with simple randomisation-brushed with 6 different tooth pastes, soft bristled and taken for examination. RESULT: After 4 and 8 weeks, ΔL values in the Colgate were significantly higher than those of Dabur red, Himalaya and Sensodyne, but no significant difference was seen on comparison with Close up and Pepsodent. CONCLUSION: All the over the counter products were effective in comparison with each other slight variations were seen. The main factor determining the efficiency is the duration of use of the products. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the whitening effects of these products in in vivo condition.


This paper addresses the creation of a reduced weakly meshed network containing the basic information for applying suitable numerical techniques for solving specific issues related to the distribution system reconfiguration for large real Medium Voltage distribution systems. In particular, the structure of the network and the installed components (connections to the High Voltage supply system, network branches and location of the loads) are taken into account to form a layered structure that can be used as starting configuration for calculating the number of possible radial configurations and for applying deterministic or heuristic methods for estimating the pseudo-optimal radial system configuration according to a specified objective function. The results are shown on the real case of the Medium Voltage distribution system of the city of Oradea.


Objective:To observe the effect of Fructus Bruceae oil emulsion(FBE) combined with chemotherapy on immune function in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Method:One hundred and fifty-six patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly assigned to two groups,the 74 patients in the control group were only treated with chemotherapy of GP regimen,84 in the treatment group with the chemotherapy of the same regimen and combined with FBE.The cellular immune(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD16+ CD56+)and humoral immunity(IgG,IgA,IgM,C3,C4)were tested by immunocytochemistry method and biochemistry method respectively.The treatment effects on immune were compared between before and after chemotherapy.Result:The response rates were 40.3% in the treatment group and 36.5% in the control group,there was no statistical difference between them.Compare before chemotherapy,the cellular immune function in the control group was decreased,which was increased in the treatment group.The cellular immune function in the treatment group was better than that in the control group after chemotherapy(P0.05 or P0.01).No visible change in humoral immune was found in each group.Conclusion:FBE combined with chemotherapy of GP regimen can improve the cellular immune function in patients with advanced NSCLC.


In this paper calculations are given showing how the ionization coefficient α, and the total multiplication in the avalanche, vary with the distance travelled when the positive ions formed have an appreciable effect. The time taken for an avalanche to develop is also worked out. Plane parallel geometry is considered, and two important cases are treated, namely constant field at the electrodes, or constant potential across them. A simple and exact solution is obtained for constant field, and an approximate solution for constant potential. The latter shows that α may decrease or increase depending on the initial conditions, and that it tends finally to a constant value. The equations are general and thought to be of wide application.


The alignment system for the KEK 2.5-GeV electron linac was improved regarding several points: replacement of the large gas laser (He-Ne) with a compact diode-pumped solid laser (Nd:YAG), the introduction of a single-mode, polarization-maintaining fiber between the laser and the light-injection point into the alignment vacuum duct, and the use of new optics for realizing a diffraction-limited beam along the entire linac length of 460 m. The new system works satisfactorily and serves as a light source of good quality. A preliminary measurement of the system resolution for the KEK 2.5-GeV electron linac is reported as well as the main points concerning the improvements. A new design of the linac alignment system for the KEKB injector linac is also proposed.


The basic result of the coupling model consists of a cross-over from exp-(t/τo) to exp-(t/τ*)1-n at a temperature insensitive microscopic time tc. We indicate how this basic result can be derived from chaotic, interacting Hamiltonian systems which include densely packed polymer molecules. Recent quasielastic neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations are discussed and the results are shown to support this result as well. An application of the coupling model to find how the viscoelasticity of a polymer depends on the chemical structure of the monomer through the coupling parameter of the local segmental motion is given to illustrate the utility of the model.


C OMPARISON of family income with family needs reveals the crux of a continuing and serious social and economic problem; namely, that in industrialized countries, large families lead inevitably to lower levels of living for all but a few favored parents. Among large groups in the population who exist on the border between indigence and a decent living, children are the chief cause of poverty. This means that many children are born under the poorest circumstances, live in the most unhealthful homes, and have access to only the most limited cultural and recreational opportunities. The community has found it necessary, therefore, to assist parents in order that the next generation may be properly prepared for civilized living.1 In almost all industrial countries, with the exception of the United States, the approach has been through a general system of children's or family allowances. The movement for this type of provision began in Europe some 45 years ago; it received new impetus from the world-wide rise in the cost of living which occurred during World War II and from the measures taken by different nations to stabilize wages. Wastage of youth in the war intensified interest in children, resulting in extensions of child welfare programs and other activities on behalf of the young. The rapid postwar growth of social security as part of a national minimum movement also speeded up the development of allowances since "a national minimum for families of every size cannot in practice be secured by a wage system which must be based on the product of a man's labor and not on the size of his family."2 The necessity is obvious for careful analysis


PURPOSE: To improve weatherability and physical damage resistance and facilitate sticking by applying an adhesive such as transferable adhesive on the printed surface of polyvinyl fluoride film and placing the film so that the graphic comes to the innermost layer. CONSTITUTION: A sheet material 20 contains a polyvinyl fluoride film 21, an applying tape 22 which is detachably adhered on one face 32 of this film 21, and a carrying tape 23 which is detachably adhered on the applying tape 22. Letters and marks are printed as a reverse image on the exposed face 33 of the film 21. An adhesive 42 is applied on the printed face 33 with a transferable tape 40. When the printed film 21 is attached to the selected face, the carrying tape 23 is peeled off and then the film 21 is attached on that surface with the adhesive 42, and the applying tape 22 is removed. Thereby, the printed letters and marks 4 position on the innermost face 33 of the film 21, and are protected by the thickness of the film 21.


The surface layer of a newly manufactured vacuum switch with two-phase composition contacts, e.g., Cu+2-percent Bi or Cu+2-percent Te, exhibits a strong arc stability behavior, which tends to decrease with the erosion of the surface layer. In comparison, unalloyed metals, Cu or W, and single-phase compositions, Cu 2 Te, show a homogeneous arc stability behavior.


A new simulation system that integrates the simulation methods for analyzing mesoscale and microscale outdoor climates, indoor climate and cooling load of buildings was developed. The influence of regional characteristics of local climates inside a city on the performance of cross-ventilation in residential houses was numerically investigated using the simulation system developed in this study.