Foreword by Edwidge Danticat Acknowledgments Introduction: 35 Seconds 1. We Don't Have Enough Water to Make Tears (Surviving the Earthquake, or Not) (January, 2010) 2. What We Have, We Share: Solidarity Undergirds Rescue and Relief (January, 2010) 3. The Pearl of the Antilles: The Political Economy of Peril (February, 2010) 4. Maroon Man: Social Movements Throughout History (February, 2010) 5. We Will Carry You On: The Women's Movement (March, 2010) 6. You Can't Eat Okra with One Finger: Community-Run Humanitarian Aid (March, 2010) 7. Fragile as a Crystal (Tales from Three Months Out) (April, 2010) 8. Children of the Land: Small Farmers and Agriculture (April, 2010) 9. Grains and Guns: Foreign Aid and Reconstruction (May, 2010) 10. The Ones Who Must Decide: Social Movements in the Reconstruction (May, 2010) 11. Our Bodies Are Shaking Now: Violence against Girls and Women (June, 2010) 12. The Creole Connection: People-to-People Aid and Solidarity across Borders (June, 2010) 13. We've Lost the Battle, But We Haven't Lost the War (Tales from Six Months Out) (July, 2010) 14. Social Fault Lines: Class and Catastrophe (July, 2010) 15. Monsanto Seeds, Miami Rice: The Politics of Food Aid and Trade (August, 2010) 16. Home: From Tent Camp to Community (August, 2010) 17. For Want of Twenty Cents: Children's Rights and Security (September, 2010) 18. The Super Bowl of Disasters: Profiting from Crisis (September, 2010) 19. The Commonplace amidst the Catastrophic (Tales from Nine Months Out) (October, 2010) 20. Beyond Medical Care: The Health of the Nation (October, 2010) 21. Hold Strong: The Pros and Pitfalls of Resilience (November, 2010) 22. Mrs. Clinton Will Never See Me Working There: The Offshore Assembly Industry (November, 2010) 23. The Central Pillar: Peasant Women (December, 2010) 24. Elections (in the Time of Cholera) (December, 2010) 25. We Will Never Fall Asleep Forgetting (Tales from Twelve Months Out) (January, 2011) Epilogue: Bringing it Back Home Notes Index


University of Gothenburg School of Business Economics and Law Dept. of Business Administration P.O. Box 610 SE-405 30 Goteborg, Sweden Author: Viktor Elliot Language: English 193 pages ISBN: 978-91-7246-337-0 Doctoral thesis 2015 Essays on Performance Management Systems, Regulation and Change in Swedish Banks The 2007/2009 financial crisis exposed large discrepancies in the management of banks. The societal significance of the banking industry means that such discrepancies receive extensive attention from governments and supra-national authorities, which have introduced a plethora of new regulatory requirements in the wake of the crisis. Crises and regulatory change are examples of external events that are expected to influence the internal management of organizations. This thesis focuses on the interaction between the external and internal perspectives in order to analyze the systems and procedures that banks have developed to manage risk and performance. In particular, the aim of the thesis is to explore how Swedish banks organize, and adapt, their performance management systems (PMS) to the dynamic context in which they are embedded in order to contribute to our understanding of PMS, regulations and change in banks. The first three essays of the thesis address this aim through a historical and procedural perspective. Institutional theory is used as a lens in order to explore and interpret how Swedish banks have adapted their PMS to the constant flux in their external environment. A multi-level research approach is pursued in accordance with the recent developments within institutional theory-based research. Specifically, the relationship between external events, such as crises and regulatory change, and PMS change is explored. The evidence suggests that it is vital to distinguish between different types of external events in order to better understand when and where we might expect PMS change. The thesis proposes that the concept of decoupling can be a promising way forward to make this distinction more precise. Essays 4-5 zoom in on funds transfer pricing (FTP), which is widely acknowledged as an important part of the PMS of banks. These two essays address the overall aim of the thesis by exploring the different objectives of the FTP system in banks, the efficiency of sophisticated FTP systems in efficiently allocating resources under different market conditions, and the role of the FTP system in small, local and risk-averse banks. The essays confirm the importance of the FTP system in banks, a notion that is further enhanced by the recent regulatory developments. At the same time, the essays point to the complexities inherent in organizing an efficient FTP system and the delicate balance between theoretically optimal and practically viable solutions.


Aiming at the detection of the subsurface structure of the material, a new technique using a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) as a photoacoustic detector is presented and discussed. Aluminum foils with a groove under the surface were used as samples and the groove was detected by measuring the amplitude or the phase angle of the photoacoustic signal. By the use of a relatively high modulation frequency, a new elastic image as well as thermal image have been obtained.


The extraordinary strom,flood and freshet since 1950 because of typhoon and the grade of the great wind,the lake surface onset of Poyang Lake and the standing oscillation wave for the recent 10 years was counted.The law of the production,movement and entrance of typhoon was analyzed.The basic feathers of the typhoon in Jiangxi province was stated.At last,the countermeasures was proposed.


This study aims to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes in integrated thematic learning with the cooperative model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) in class V SD Negeri 16 Kampung Nan VI, Lubuk Sikaping District. This type of research is classroom action research using qualitative and quantitative approaches. This study was a teacher (practitioner) and 20 students. The results showed an increase in a). RPP cycle I averaged 82.15% with Good qualifications (B) increased in cycle II 92.85% with Very Good qualifications (SB), b) Implementation in the teacher aspect of cycle I averaged 82.81% with qualifications Good (B) increased in Cycle II 93.75% with very good qualifications (SB). While the implementation of the aspects of students in cycle I averaged 81.25% with good qualifications (B) increased in Cycle II 93.75% with very qualifications  good (SB), c). Assessment of student learning outcomes in cycle I an average of 72.92 with sufficient qualifications (C) increased in cycle II 82.80 with good qualifications (B).


BACKGROUND
Both negative wound pressure therapy (NPWT) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) are useful modalities in the treatment of problem wounds. However, none of the commercially available portable negative-pressure devices have been certified safe for use in a recompression chamber. Thus, the NPWT device is removed while the patient undergoes HBOT. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that wound negative pressure can be effectively and safely maintained during HBOT.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
In a small, prospective, randomised crossover trial, we used commonly available clinical materials to connect the NPWT suction tubing to the negative suction generating device in the hyperbaric chamber. Six patients each underwent one HBOT session with continuous NPWT and one HBOT session without concurrent NPWT. We assessed the patient's pain score, the amount of exudate aspirated by the NPWT during HBOT, and the appearance of the wound dressing after each session was assessed in a blinded manner.

RESULTS
There were no differences in pain scores between the two HBOT sessions. The amount of exudate aspirated during HBOT with NPWT ranged from 5 to 12 ml. Five of the six patients had a better appearance scoring of their dressing when NPWT was maintained during HBOT (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSION
We successfully demonstrated a simple design that allows the maintenance of NPWT during HBOT without causing additional pain, and with continued extraction of exudate. The maintenance of NPWT during HBOT also allowed the dressing to be maintained undisturbed.


During the last three decades Irish total fertility has been one of the highest in Europe....This article seeks an explanation for the long lasting high level of fertility in Ireland. Secondly it discusses how Irish women were able--in a relatively short life span--to approach the low pattern of fertility that their European counterparts had established much earlier in the century. A model of fertility including proximate determinants and societal factors...as well as theoretical considerations on norms rules and values and social change are applied. The results show that the Catholic church has had a strong impact on ideas and attitudes. "Irish Catholicism is a particularly puritanical and orthodox form of Catholicism....It is a state religion and is strongly intertwined with law education and social services." (EXCERPT)


Preface Introduction: Hamilton, Bickel, Democracy and the Courts Hamilton's Wager and the Rise of Judicial Activism Brown, Busing, and the Consequences of Desegregation Affirmative Action and the Consequences of Racial Preference Prisoners' Rights and the Consequences of Correctional Reform Mental Health and the Consequences of Deinstitutionalization The Courts and Criminal Procedure Courts, Voting Rights, and the Consequences of Racial Redistricting The Courts and Institutional Reform Bibliography Index


Dendrobium sonia-28 is an important ornamental orchid in the flower industry. In vitro mutagenesis by means of gamma irradiation can be used to produce economically improved mutants. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium sonia-28 were subjected to gamma irradiation at doses of 10 to 200 Gy gamma rays. Results showed that PLBs survival rate and weight were inversely related to the irradiation doses. In untreated PLBs, survival rate and weight were tenfold and fivefold higher as compared to 200 irradiated PLBs. Results indicated that the radio sensitivity test (LD50) for the PLBs were approximately at 43 Gy. There were appreciable variations in plantlet structure and morphology relative to increase irradiation doses. Plantlets infected with low doses of gamma radiation had better development of the shoot and root as well as the foliage. SEM and TEM analysis disclosed severe surface and cell organelles damage and stomatal closure in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) infected with the high irradiation dose. Therefore, the findings of this study have proven an efficient method of in vitro mutagenesis through gamma radiation. The results obtained in this study suggested that PLBs survival rate, growth rate percentage, morphological characteristics as well as techniques such as SEM and TEM may be used in early assessment of effectiveness and superiority of radiation dose to induce mutations. Moreover, Some RAPD markers clearly discriminated between selected and non-selected variants of Dendrobium sonia-28, showing different banding patterns for each gamma irradiation doses.


Professional societies have led the unenviable challenge of clarifying recommendations on management prioritization for breast cancer during this COVID-19 pandemic.1-6 Triage recommendations estimate the risk of delay-related outcome compromise. Interventions span deferment, simplification, reorganization of treatment sequence,7 to pure neo-adjuvant endocrine therapy in centers with substantial constraints.8 However, treatment delay can still result in disease upstage, limit surgical options, intensify neo-adjuvant and adjuvant treatment, and decrease survival.9 Singapore reported its first imported COVID-19 case on


This paper examines the dynamic response of a simplified mathematical model of an aircraft that taxies over two arbitrary disturbances. It produces the idea of the bump multiplier that determines explicitly whether the second discrete disturbance will amplify or attenuate the response from the first disturbance. While the assumptions are very severe, the results can be useful to gain physical insight, to guide more elaborate nonlinear calculations, and to plan test programs. HE problem of aircraft dynamic response to taxiing over rough surfaces has been a subject of analysis and test for many years. For the most part, the work has been limited to predicting and/or measuring the dynamic response of an aircraft due to the (nearly) random roughness of the terrain or by wear and tear on runways and taxiways. Within the last several years, however, concerns have arisen within the de- fense agencies of the NATO countries about the safety of aircraft operations over the discrete disturbances which can arise from bomb-damaged and repaired runways. As a result of those concerns the U.S. Air Force instituted Program HAVE BOUNCE1'2 that performs flight (taxi) tests over simulated, relatively mild runway damage and repairs for several USAF combat and transport aircraft. HAVE BOUNCE also develops computer programs3 to predict the dynamic response to the simulated runway profiles. Other NATO na- tions are performing similar test and analysis programs on their aircraft. HAVE BOUNCE considers the computer programs to be validated when they produce satisfactory comparisons with the experimental results from flight (taxi) tests under relatively mild conditions. Then HAVE BOUNCE uses the validated computer programs to extrapolate from the test conditions to more severe operational cases. Because the taxi test programs have proven to be very expensive and difficult to repeat exactly, the USAF also created the Aircraft Ground-Induced Loads Excitation (AGILE)4 facility that measures the dynamic response of operational aircraft to damaged and repaired runways within the controlled conditions of the laboratory. AGILE supports an operational aircraft on its tires on massive hydraulic shakers and drives the shakers vertically to represent the vertical events of the aircraft taxiing over damaged and repaired runways. Each of the three integrated shakers can sustain a static weight of 50,000 Ib, displace amplitudes of 10 in., impose dynamic forces up to 50,000 Ib, and be driven sinusoidally (frequencies up to 25 Hz), randomly, or to follow prescribed discrete motions. At present, AGILE is limited to providing solely vertical dynamic forces to the aircraft (no lateral or drag forces or rotating wheels). In its first major test, agree- ment between the AGILE tests and HAVE BOUNCE taxi tests for an operational A-7D aircraft was excellent.


This paper overviews the scientific activities of the ADEOS-II (Midori-II) GLI atmosphere project. The GLI version 2 standard products had been released since November 2004. The optical and microphysical properties of aerosols and clouds were retrieved as the standard products by use of originally developed GLI data analysis system. The cloud flag and the cloud amounts with statistical values were also obtained from GLI data analysis. In addition, the precipitable water over land area using three shortwave infrared channels was newly provided from the version 2. For the research activities of the GLI sciences, the aerosols over the land area are detected by use of GLI near UV channel. In this paper, we will show and discuss the atmospheric features appeared in the GLI products, introduce a new standard product, and validation status of the cloud and aerosol properties.


Based on Map Objects components technology of GIS and VS.NET, design of the database and the concretely Implementation of the system were studied. Airport Surface Monitoring System was carried out for a domestic airport under the C# envirment. This system will provid a visible and convenient information administration platform for traffic controll in airport, which also reduce the traffic accidents in the airport.


A joint venture between Enerdyne LLC, a small independent oil and gas producer, and Pumping Solutions Inc., developer of a low volume electric submersible pump, suspended from a cable, both based in Albuquerque, New Mexico, has re-established marginal oil production from the Red Mountain Oil Field, located in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico by working over 17 existing wells and installing submersible pumps. The project was funded through a cooperative 50% cost sharing agreement between Enerdyne LLC and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), United States Department of Energy, executed on April 16, 2003. The total estimated cost for this first phase of the agreement was $386,385.00 as detailed in Phase I Authorization For Expenditure (AFE). This report describes the tasks performed, the results, and conclusions for the first phase (Phase I) of the cooperative agreement.


Background Exercise interventions have been established to help control blood pressure (BP) in African American cardiac patients. The research is limited in comparing the various types, modes, or exercise intensities and examines the most bene�cial to lower BP in non-European groups, speci�cally African Americans. Objectives This systematic review aimed to investigate the blood pressure (BP) response to different exercise training modes and workloads in African American adults with or without hypertension (HTN). Methods A systematic literature search was carried out with two databases to search for relevant manuscripts related to exercise training. Results Nine papers met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Two of the nine studies did not report a signi�cant difference in BP from baseline to post-exercise. The most common exercise mode was walking at moderate to high intensity, speci�cally among female participants.


In this paper, the parallel branch instruction is proposed which executes a branch instruction and the frequently used instruction simultaneously to improve the performance of Thumb-2 instruction set architecture. In the proposed approach, new 32-bit parallel branch instructions are introduced which combine 16-bit branch instruction with each of the frequently used 16-bit LOAD, ADD, MOV, STORE, and SUB instructions, respectively. To provide the encoding space of the new instructions, the register field in less frequently executed instructions is reduced, and the new instructions are encoded by using the saved bits. Experiments show that the proposed approach improves performance by an average of 8.0% when compared to the conventional approach.


Microfluidic devices for manipulating fluids are widespread and finding uses in many scientific and industrial contexts. Their design often requires unusual geometries and the interplay of multiple physical effects such as pressure gradients, electrokinetics, and capillarity. These circumstances lead to interesting variants of well-studied fluid dynamical problems and some new fluid responses. We provide an overview of flows in microdevices with focus on electrokinetics, mixing and dispersion, and multiphase flows. We highlight topics important for the description of the fluid dynamics: driving forces, geometry, and the chemical characteristics of surfaces.


The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of grain production in Ukraine, to identify priority factors of influence and to justify directions for its further improvement. Research methods. In the process of research a number of methods were used: abstract-logical - to formulate conclusions; comparative analysis - to compare the efficiency of grain production and identify trends in their change; tabular - for a visual representation of the results of the study; statistical - in determining the variation of production volumes and efficiency indicators of grain crops; calculation-constructive - for calculation of indicators of efficiency of production of grain crops and substantiation of their normative indicators; monographic - when detailing the current level of efficiency of the grain economy of Ukraine; factor analysis - to determine the factors influencing the profitability of grain production. Research results. Research has established a trend of stability of grain production in Ukraine. The progressive dynamics of growth of size and transformation of structure of expenses for production of grain crops is established, imbalances between growth of expenses and results of managing of commodity producers of grain crops in the context of regions of Ukraine are revealed. A comprehensive analysis of indicators of absolute and relative efficiency of grain production. The factor analysis of change of indicators of profitability of production of grain crops in Ukraine is carried out. The levels of normative prime cost and equivalent price of 1 ton of winter wheat and corn for grain are calculated. The main directions of increasing the efficiency of grain production are proposed. Scientific novelty. Methodological and practical aspects of studying the efficiency of grain production and substantiation of the directions of its increase have been further developed. Practical significance. These approaches and research results can be used by public and sectoral authorities in the organization of monitoring and development of priority measures to improve the efficiency of the domestic grain industry. Tabl.: 8. Refs.: 26.


Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) refers to any condition attributed to obstruction of the coronary arteries which reduces blood flow to the heart. Predictors like blood sugar, WBC count, CRP are found to have a role in ACS disease and also with the severity of the disease. Objectives: To assess the extent of injury of myocardium by ejection fraction in acute coronary syndrome patients. To estimate the level of CRP, differential count, blood sugars in ACS patients. To assess the risk of morbidity & mortality in ACS patients by studying the effects of these parameters of CRP, differential count & blood sugars with ejection fraction. Materials and Methods: A Prospective observational study was conducted among 100 patients, between 2021 to 2022, at Govt Thiruvarur Medical College and Hospital. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants were selected and subjected to investigation. Data was collected, entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS. Appropriate statistics were done. Results: Mean age of the patients was 52 years and 79% were males. About 60% had raised JVP, 53% had lung signs, 43% had symptoms of pulmonary edema and 42% patients had symptoms of decreased urine output. ACS patients with increased random blood sugars had reduced Ejection fraction when compared to non-hyperglycemic patient. Serum level of inflammatory marker CRP is elevated in Acute coronary syndrome patients with reduced Ejection fraction. There is leucocytosis in ACS patient with reduced myocardial ejection fraction. If these parameter is elevated in ACS patients means that the ejection fraction was less than 50%. Conclusion: It is concluded that quantification of the three parameter namely CRP, WBC Count, Random Blood Sugar in acute coronary syndrome patients will predict the morbidity and mortality and helps roughly, to estimate the ejection fraction without echo cardiogram.


In this paper, we introduce an airborne hyperspectral system for real-time anomaly detection and target detection. The system, named SIM.GA, is made up of an optical head with two hyperspectral sensors, a panchromatic camera and a GPS/INS instrument, two computers to record data and perform real-time processing, and a human-machine interface (HMI) to display the results. SIM.GA has provided several data to the development of the processing module for the forthcoming hyperspectral system named SPHYDER, to be released in 2016. The system has been tested by means of flight measurement campaigns, providing satisfactory results in terms of both mechanical and electrical integrity and processing performance.


This study aims to contribute to an improvement in the management of workers health and safety. Through a bibliographical review the work brings several concepts about safety culture at work, showing that there is still a consensus among the scholars about the subject and showing the importance of understanding the same for organizations success. It sought to analyze the maturity degree of work safety culture in a construction company in Goiânia, through application of a questionnaire based on Hudson's model. The model is an important managerial tool, because it can define in which of the five stages (pathological, reactive, bureaucratic, proactive and sustainable) the company finds itself, through the way it treats the following factors: information, organizational learning, involvement, communication and commitment. The result of this research demonstrated that both the workers and the administrative team attribute to the organization a transition between the proactive and sustainable stage, but most of it is allocated in the sustainable stage, considered the ideal stage. Safety culture is of paramount importance for improving the well-being of workers towards the work environment, as it contributes to reduction of risks and accidents, requiring a greater investment in this area, either through new studies and research or by the entrepreneurs' awareness.


Much of the marine carbonate rocks in China are organic carbon poor (mean organic carbon content values generally 0. 20% ), but are still regarded as source rocks due to the conventionally proposed minimum organic carbon content required forcarbonate source rocks (0. 10% or even lower). No commercial accumulation was found related to these carbonate rocks afterover ten years of exploration, showing the incorrectness of the above minimum organic carbon content. Obtaining such a lowminimum value is caused by the unreasonable hypotheses of high hydrocarbon potential of organic matter in marine carbonaterocks and high expulsion ratio of hydrocarbon from carbonate rocks, by overestimating organic matter lost during maturation ofcarbonate rocks, and by omitting the hydrocarbon lost during second migration. Integrated consideration of above factors willreach the following: (i) The minimum organic carbon content for a carbonate source rock should be gained by an analogy in ex-ploration instead of by an experiment. (ii) The minimum organic carbon content values for a carbonate source rock, for a high toover mature source rock, and for a gas source rock are not necessarily lower than those for a mudstone source rock, for a maturesource rock, and for an oil source rock respectively. They all should be 0. 40% ~0. 50% at least.


We report the results of a search for double‐peaked Hα profiles among moderate redshift (0.1<z<0.4), radio‐loud AGNs and present spectra of some of our targets. The goal was to find more emission lines than resembled the unusual, double‐peaked profile of Arp 102B. We have been able to put together a collection of about half a dozen double‐peaked Hα profiles, which includes objects observed during our search as well as objects whose double‐peaked profiles were already known. Such profiles are very characteristic of rotation and are the widest of any lines in AGNs, implying velocities of ∼20,000 km s−1. It is thus very likely that we are looking at a small but distinct subclass of AGNs in which the broad Balmer lines originate in an accretion disk. 3C 332 and 3C 93 are of particular interest because their Hα profiles can be fitted with a simple model of a relativistic Kelperian disk, much like the profile of Arp 102B.


This paper presents an approach for detecting duplicate records in the context of digital gazetteers, using a state-of-the-art machine learning technique. It reports on a thorough evaluation of a machine learning approach designed for the task of classifying pairs of gazetteer records as either duplicates or not, built by using Random Forests and leveraging on different combinations of similarity scores for the feature vectors. Experimental results show that using feature vectors that combine multiple similarity scores, derived from place names, semantic relationships, place types and geospatial footprints, leads to an accuracy of 97.45%.


Objective:To explore the variation and significance of serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A(PAPP-A) level in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:The serum levels of PAPP-A in 63 acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients were determined by time resolved fluoro immunoassay(TRFIA),To observe the major adverse cardiovascular events from cardiovascular causes in follow-up for 3 months.The cutoff point of the PAPP-A level was determined by receiver operator characteristic curve.63 patients were divided into two groups,high risk and low risk group,according to the cutoffpoint.Results:The best cutoff point of serum PAPP-A level was 15.3 mU/L and its sensitivity and specificity was 73.68% and 59.09%,respectively.The adverse outcome patients accounted for 42.42%,whereas the no adverse outcome ones 57.58% in the high risk group.In contrast 16.67% and 83.33% in the low risk group,respectively.Adverse outcome emergence of the high risk group was more frequent than that of the low risk group(P0.05).Conclusion:PAPP-A may be used as a valuable predictor for ACS patient′s risk of the adverse events,so it is a certain value for screening high-risk patients with ACS.


Coxiella burneti, the etiological agent of Q fever in man, is resident in nature and causes inapparent infections in many species of animals (1). The epizootiological and environmental studies conducted in California (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) indicate that dairy cows, sheep, goats, and the raw products of these animals represet -a tremendous reservoir of C. burneti. These studies have shown that a large proportion of human patients with Q fever have had exposure to domestic livestock by virtue of occupation or residence. Contam-ination of the environment with excretion or secretion has been demonstrated, and C. burneti has been isolated from dust-laden air of sites on which infected animals were present (8, 9). ) and


Abstract Contemporary environmental problems require a transition to renewable energy. Biogas is one alternative, which besides being renewable has many other benefits. For further expansion of biogas production, it seems necessary to develop new areas of biogas usage where biogas can replace fossil fuels. This article presents an analysis of the drivers for and barriers to increased biogas usage in three sectors where biogas usage is undeveloped in Sweden: manufacturing, road transport and shipping. Several of the identified drivers and barriers, such as unstable and short-term policies, lack of infrastructure, and contract requirements, have also been found in previous studies even though they may be slightly different depending on the context. A new driver observed in this study is that of intergenerational thinking in family-owned businesses. The study also reiterates the significant influence of policy in the form of subsidies, tax exemptions and regulations on the adoption and use of renewable energy in general and biogas specifically. The results suggest the need for future policymaking to be guided by long-term trajectories, which can be a relevant basis for adopters to make investments into biogas technologies.


Abstract: Electromobility and combined alternative propulsions of city vehicles are currently topic number one. In order to be properly designed their application has to be obvious. It is calculated with using of the energy recuperated from braking to increase their energy efficiency. Quantity of this energy is usually determined from the NEDC driving cycle. To what extent can the data from the NEDC cycle rely and how they different from data from real driving cycles is the subject of this article. The simulations of serial hybrid drive consisting of different components were done.


The design of the user experience has increasingly become a goal in developing interactive systems during the last years. Since then, several attempts have been made to broaden interactive system design's traditional focus on the efficient achievement of goals to better understand additional aspects that contribute to user experience. In this paper, I first give an overview of different approaches that have taken this development into account. Based on this review I present an integrative model of user experience. This model emphasizes a combined investigation of traditional and additional quality aspects like hedonics and aesthetics. Moreover their interaction with affect and emotions as an important part of user experience are pronounced. Thus, in next steps, this theoretical basis will be used to develop a framework for user experience evaluation.


The activation peptide of mammalian trypsinogens typically contains a tetra-aspartate motif (positions P2-P5 in Schechter-Berger numbering) that inhibits autoactivation and facilitates activation by enteropeptidase. This evolutionary mechanism protects the pancreas from premature trypsinogen activation while allowing physiological activation in the gut lumen. Inborn mutations that disrupt the tetra-aspartate motif cause hereditary pancreatitis in humans. A subset of trypsinogen orthologs, including the mouse cationic trypsinogen (isoform T7), harbor an extended penta-aspartate motif (P2-P6) in their activation peptide. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of the extra P6 aspartate residue (D23del) increased autoactivation of T7 trypsinogen 3-fold. Mutagenesis of the P6 position in wild-type T7 trypsinogen revealed that bulky hydrophobic side-chains are preferred for maximal autoactivation and deletion-induced shift of the P7 Leu to P6 explains the autoactivation increase in the D23del mutant. Accordingly, removal of the P6 Leu by N-terminal truncation with chymotrypsin C reduced autoactivation of the D23del mutant. Homozygous T7D23del mice carrying the D23del mutation did not develop spontaneous pancreatitis and severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis was comparable to that of C57BL/6N controls. However, sustained stimulation with cerulein resulted in markedly increased histological damage in T7D23del mice relative to C57BL/6N mice. Furthermore, when the T7D23del allele was crossed to a chymotrypsin-deficient background, the double-mutant mice developed spontaneous pancreatitis at an early age. Taken together, the observations argue that evolutionary expansion of the poly-aspartate motif in mouse cationic trypsinogen contributes to the natural defenses against pancreatitis and validate the role of the P6 position in autoactivation control of mammalian trypsinogens.


Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an analytical technique with several advantages over competitive techniques in terms of improved sensitivity and multiplexing. We have made great progress in the development of SERS as a quantitative analytical method, in particular for the detection of DNA. However, the lack of quantitative data relating to real examples has prevented more widespread adoption of the technique. Detection of specific DNA sequences is central to modern molecular biology and also to molecular diagnostics where identification of a particular disease is based on nucleic acid identification. Many methods exist and fluorescence spectroscopy dominates the detection technologies employed with different assay formats. Another advantage of SERS over existing detection techniques is that of the ability to multiplex which is limited when using techniques such as fluorescence. We have clearly demonstrated the ability to identify and quantify the presence of a mixture of three pathogenic DNA sequences in solution using data analysis techniques. Here we demonstrate the development of new bioanalytical assays based upon SERS which have been used successfully for the detection of bacterial pathogens using modified SERS active probes. Biomolecule functionalized


Historically the problem of negative demand has been encountered in constructing spatial demand cones due to the use of linear demand functions. One solution to this problem is explored in this paper, where the linear function is replaced with a constant elasticity demand function. In doing so a feedback mechanism is introduced between price and demand. Within this context important aspects of spatial demand are outlined, the case of inelastic demand, elastic demand without competition, and elastic demand with competition are addressed, and the structure of a central place urban system hierarchy is explored. A numerical example is presented and contrasted with one for the linear demand function. The results are illuminating with regard to geometric patterns of market areas.


Free-space optical (FSO) communication systems are negatively affected by two physical phenomenon, namely, scintillation due to atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors. To quantize the effect of these two factors on FSO system performance, we need an effective mathematical model for them. Scintillations are typically modeled by the log-normal and Gamma-Gamma distributions for weak and strong turbulence conditions, respectively. In this paper, we propose and study a generalized pointing error model based on the Beckmann distribution. We then derive the asymptotic ergodic capacity of FSO systems under the joint impact of turbulence and generalized pointing error impairments.


ticularly in terms of its commitment to dance. Many modern dance choreographers began their choreographic careers with performances at the 92nd Street Y, in 1935, William Kologny, the educational director of the 92nd Street Y, invited Doris Humphrey to be on the faculty, a post she retained until her death. Later in the day, among many panels and other activities, was a presentation titled "Humphrey Works: Historical and Theoretical Insights," in which Karen Stokes, John Crawford, Linda Kahn, and Jonathan Jackson presented papers which illuminate the theme of Doris Humphrey's concern with the world around her. She did not isolate or insulate herself from the world, but instead gave a personal commentary on social and political events through her choreography. Karen Stokes's paper "Time and Dance: Doris Humphrey 1928-1932," looks at the influence the cultural and political climate of 1928-1932 had on Ms. Humphrey's creation of Life of the Bee and Shakers. At Ms. Stokes's conclusion John Crawford and Linda Kahn presented a paper titled "Holistic Harbinger: Balancing Humphrey's Arc Between Two Deaths." In this paper, Mr. Crawford and Ms. Kahn explore and look for connections between contemporary holistic thought and Doris Humphrey's technique and movement philosophy. Finally, Jonathan Jackson presented his paper, "Abstraction as a Body Narrative: Doris Humphrey's New Dance and the Crafting of a Community." Mr. Jackson has delved into the heart of New Dance and found a personal connection to the dancers whom he sees as having both individual and group identities. One of the final events of the conference was the lecture-presentation, A Timeless Legacy, given by Ernestine Stodelle. Ms. Stodelle's dancers performed five recreations (Jane Sherman's term, which Ms. Stodelle favors over reconstruction) of Ms. Humphrey's dances, two dances choreographed by Ms. Stodelle, and four movement studies based on Doris Humphrey's theories of fall and recovery. Ms. Stodelle discussed her experiences as a recreator of Ms. Humphrey's dances saying that she has had to use her intuition and has had to be a detective. These recreations were well-danced, especially The Call, Breath of Fire performed by Karen Siminsky. In conclusion, the conference was a great success in that it brought together diverse members of the dance community to celebrate the life and work of Doris Humphrey. The two themes that emerged—how best to preserve Doris Humphrey's work and the influence of the world around her on her work—reflect the importance of Ms. Humphrey within the framework of dance history. She was a master choreographer. The continued preservation and analysis of her work will aid future generations of choreographers, dancers, and scholars as they forge a future for modern dance.


Livestock rearing is a common practice by the locals in Tehsil Takht-e-Nasrati, and source of livelihood. Low productivity due to poor health of livestock is a major consideration in the study area. In order to know whether this low productivity and poor health might be due to poor quality of forage, ten forage species were analyzed for macro-mineral quantification at three phenological stages. The palatability of these species was recorded from the shepherds, after following the animals while grazing in the rangeland during this study. Mineral compositions of plants are used in the diagnoses of probable deficiencies in food, forage and nutritional status of plants. Comparison among the species at vegetative stage and macro nutrients showed that the highest amount of potassium (74.08 g kg -1 ) was found in Datura metel. Comparisons at reproductive and post-reproductive stages among species and macro nutrients pointed out that the highest amount of potassium was found in Rhazya stricta (72.07 g kg -1 and 75.46 g kg -1 , respectively). It is concluded that macro-minerals concentrations available in these forage plants to the grazing livestock were very low, hence this may be one of the causes responsible for the pitiable health and productivity of the grazing animals in investigated area.


New observations of breaking surface waves have recently been acquired with a novel acoustic instrument during the Surface Wave Processes Program. Several breaking wave parameters have been measured. This paper focuses on breaking scale, breaking probability, and radiated acoustic power from breaking waves. The breaking scale is derived from the travel speed of breaking waves. It is found that the mean scale is 46%-75% of the dominant wave phase speed, and that the radiated acoustic power is well correlated with the mean scale. The breaking probability is found to be consistent with a linear statistical model. Potential application of these results in estimating wave energy dissipation is discussed.<<ETX>>


In the classical theory of randomized trials (RTs), the treatment effect is defined as a mean difference of potential outcomes. To achieve nominal coverage probability for confidence intervals (CIs) on treatment effects in RTs, certain assumptions are necessary. Specifically, one must either make assumptions about the joint distribution of potential outcomes or enroll subjects in the trial by random sampling of the target population on which the treatment effect is defined. In practice, no such sampling usually takes place and assumptions about the joint distribution of potential outcomes cannot be verified based on observed data. Furthermore, the most common of these assumptions, such as treatment‐unit additivity (TUA) or independence are biologically implausible in most RTs involving human subjects. Hence, it is not usually possible to construct CIs on treatment effects with nominal coverage probability. However, for any joint distribution of potential outcomes, the standard estimator of the variance of the difference of two independent sample means produces CIs with asymptotic coverage at least at the nominal level. This interpretation of CIs as conservative bounds may not always hold in conventional regression models applied to RT data.


An investigation is conducted of data of CO emission from the Orion molecular cloud and a map of the positions of local antenna temperature maxima for the cloud is obtained. The inner region of the map suggests the possibility of spiral arm structure. There is evidence for rotation. It is also noted that the Orion central peak frequency profile is devoid of wavelike structure. The suggested model is a disk rotating about its axis of symmetry.


The Gateway Hypothesis describes how tobacco or alcohol use precedes marijuana and other illicit drug use. We review the epidemiological data, explore the underlying molecular mechanisms in mice and discuss the societal implications of the hypothesis, including the use of e‐cigarettes by young people.


Coastal dynamic forces, such as waves and tides, altogether drive groundwater circulation and salt transport in the intertidal zone. However, few numerical studies have ever considered the combined effects of waves and tides. In this study, the fluctuations of wave height are integrated with tidal level together using an iterative least squares fitting method, in which the wave height can be acquired from measured sea level in the surf zone, and this fitted wave height is further verified by wind speed. Groundwater flow and salt transport were then simulated using the MARUN code to evaluate the impacts after considering wave effect. The simulated equivalent freshwater head and salinity of the model with wave effect presented less difference with the measured data compared with the simulated results of the model without wave effect. After incorporating the wave effect in a model, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) was increased, among which recirculated SGD grew more rapidly than the fresh, leading to the proportion of the fresh SGD accounting for a small proportion (1.1%). The water influx and efflux rates increased greatly especially during the period of high wave height. Most of the influx occurred in the intertidal zone, while a considerable amount of efflux occurred in the subtidal zone. The iterative algorithm to separate the wave height from the mixed field data can be employed to identify and quantify the respective effects of tides and the combined effects of waves and tides on the density‐dependent beach groundwater flow.


The inter-cell interference problem is a key issue in a multi-cell OFDMA system. A number of inter-cell interference mitigation schemes have been suggested to address this problem and among them, partial reuse is considered a most promising one for emerging OFDMA systems. In this paper, we propose an inter-cell interference mitigation scheme for an OFDMA downlink system. The proposed scheme makes use of a combination of partial reuse and soft handover. The basic idea of the proposed scheme is to select the better signal quality among a partial reuse scheme and a soft handover scheme for the cell edge users. Compared to the conventional partial reuse scheme, simulation results show that the cell edge throughput can be significantly improved by using the proposed scheme. Furthermore, considering the data-rate fairness among the users, the results prove that our approach can give better average cell throughput as compared with the conventional partial reuse scheme, especially for a very fair system.


The apatite-type compounds La9.33□0.67Si6O26, La10 −
 xBax(SiO4)6O2 + δ with x = 0.5 → 2, La9Ca1(SiO4)6O2 + δ and La9Sr1Si6(SiO4)6O2 + δ were prepared by high temperature solid state reaction with a high purity level. The La9Ba1Si6O26.5 composition is a good electrolyte for SOFCs at intermediate temperature, with a pure ionic conductivity of 1.16 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 700 °C and low activation energy of 0.74 eV. Moreover the conductivity is stable after one month of ageing at 900 °C under air or reducing atmosphere and is increased with the ceramic grain size. The comparison of undoped La9.33□0.67Si6O26 apatite and doped La9AE1(SiO4)6O26 apatites with AE= Ca, Sr, Ba shows an increase in conductivity with the doping concentration. For doped apatites, the conductivities and activation energy are related to the dopant size, the best properties being obtained for the barium doping. The existence of some extra oxide ions was demonstrated by NPD experiments for oxygen excess apatites but there was no evidence for a new crystallographic interstitial oxygen site in the hexagonal channel. The oxide ion O(5) in the hexagonal channel exhibits a large spread of the nuclear density along the c-axis in all samples, probably due to a static disorder. The cooperative displacements of the SiO4 tetrahedra and of the La(3) site towards the O(5) channel suggest a conduction mechanism involving mainly the extra oxide ions with a migration path between the O(5) channel and the SiO4 tetrahedra along the [001] direction.


Attention is directed to this important subject, not because physicians are not familiar with it, but because they do not emphasize sufficiently the seriousness of tonsillar infections. It may seem like presumption on my part to present to this Section a paper on this subject on which so much has been written. If, however, we can prevent some child from going through a short life with a damaged heart or kidney or can curtail the many swollen joints and the intense pain which accompanies them, we have in a measure fulfilled our mission on earth. There are many good general practitioners and, I may add, a few loryngologists, who have not yet realized that cases of so-called acute articular rheumatism, acute nephritis, acute endocarditis, pneumonia, appendicitis, orchitis and many other acute infections may be the result of acute cryptogenic infection of the tonsils. I do not wish, however, to convey


In this paper, by using the Leray-Schauder continuation theorem and Wirtinger-type inequalities, we establish the existence and uniqueness theorems for two-point boundary value problems of a certain class of fourth-order nonlinear differential equations.


Summary Sixty-six compounds were tested for activity against myeloid mouse leukemia in C-57 mice. These included hydrazines, hydrazides, hydrazones and related compounds. None was found active.


Abstract Background. We performed a multicenter study in 1989 to determine whether screening whole-blood donors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen would improve transfusion safety by identifying carriers of the virus who are seronegative for HIV-1 antibody. Methods. More than 500,000 donations were tested at 13 U.S. blood centers with test kits from two manufacturers. Units found repeatedly reactive were retested in a central laboratory; if the results were positive, they were confirmed by a neutralization assay. A subgroup of units was also tested for HIV-1 by the polymerase chain reaction. Selected donors confirmed or not confirmed as having p24 antigen were contacted for follow-up interviews to identify risk factors and undergo retesting for HIV-1 markers. Results. Positive tests for p24 antigen were confirmed by neutralization in five donors (0.001 percent of all donations tested), all of whom were also positive for HIV-1 antibody and HIV-1 by polymerase chain reaction. Three ...


This study aims to reveal the relevance of practical competencies in mechanical engineering vocational schools to the industry's competencies in the Yogyakarta Special Region. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using survey research methods with five research subjects representing the manufacturing industry. The results of this study are, in general, the competence of learning machining practices at Mechanical Engineering Vocational Schools is very relevant to the manufacturing industry's needs. Details of competency relevance data for each practical subject are as follows: (1) competency in lathe machining 42.10% relevant and 57.90% highly relevant; (2) competence of 40.90% milling machining is relevant and 59.10% highly relevant; (3) competence in grinding 33.33% relevant and 66.67% very relevant; (4) numerical control/computer numerical control and computer aided manufacturing competences 2.90% relevant and 97.10% highly relevant.


K. S. Lau had shown that a reflexive Banach space has the Mazur Intersection Property (MIP) if and only if every closed bounded convex set is the closed convex hull of its farthest points. In this work, we show that in general this latter property is equivalent to a property stronger than the MIP. As corollaries, we recapture the result of Lau and characterize the w*-MIP in dual of RNP spaces.


Splitting finite-difference time-domain methods of two dimensional Maxwell's equations with non-zero electrical conductivity is eonsidered.Two kinds of schemes,S-FDTDI and S-FDTDII are proposed by using splitting technique and correcting techniques.Truncation error of the two schemes is derived and show that S-FDTDI is first order accurate and S-FDTDII is second order accurate in time.Numerical experiments are carried out and computational results show that S-FDTDII is more accurate than S-FDTDI for simulating a wave guide problem that both of the two schemes are unconditionally stable and that S-FDTDII is more accurate than ADI-FDTDI for approximating Maxwell's equations with non-zero electrical conductivity.


Deep metric learning has become a key component of cross-modal retrieval. By learning to pull the features of matched instances closer while pushing the features of mismatched instances farther away, one can learn highly robust multi-modal representations. Most existing cross-modal retrieval methods leverage vanilla triplet loss to train the network, which cannot adaptively penalize pairs with different hardness. Although various weighting strategies have been designed for unimodal matching tasks, few weighting strategies have been applied to cross-modal tasks due to the specificity of cross-modal tasks. While few weighting strategies are designed for cross-modal scenarios, they usually involve a lot of hyper-parameters, which require a lot of computational resources to fine-tune. In this paper, we introduce a new exponential loss, which can assign appropriate weights to individual positive and negative pairs according to their similarity so that it can adaptively penalize pairs with different hardness. Furthermore, the exponential loss has only two hyper-parameters, making it easier to find the optimal parameters to suit various data distributions in practice. Exponential loss can be universally applied to well-established cross-modal models and further boost their retrieval performance. We exhaustively ablate our method on Image-Text matching, Video-Text matching, as well as unimodal Image matching. Experimental results show that a standard model trained with exponential loss can achieve noticeable performance gains.


Sexton, J. (2003). Televerite Hits Britain: Documentary, Drama and the Growth of 16mm Filmmaking in British Television. Screen. 44(4), pp.429-444. RAE2008


Raman spectra of samples contained in hollow quartz fibers are compared quantitatively to conventional Raman spectra using identical laser, spectrometer, detector, and scan speed. We find the fiber signal to be enhanced by a factor of 250/m of fiber, in good agreement with calculations based on geometrical optics. A fiber spectrum of 2 mol% trans-stilbene in benzene is good enough to allow essentially perfect solvent subtraction.


Recycled Aggregate (RA) generated from the construction industry is used as a material for sustainable construction. The old mortar attached to these aggregates makes it porous and are generally used for low-grade applications. However, by infusing with silica fumes, the properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) can be improved, as the silica fumes get infused into the pores of old mortar attached to it. In this study, the optimum percentage of recycled aggregate that can be used in fresh concrete for higher grade applications was found out. Design of experiments (DoE) was used to optimize percentage of silica fumes and recycled aggregate to achieve optimum properties of concrete. Equations to predict the properties of concrete were also modelled using regression analysis.


Summary The main purpose of the study is to analyze the information aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on the labor market in the EU and Ukraine. In addition to studying the key parameters of changes in the labor market under the influence of COVID-19, i.e. the unemployment rate and the share of the employed population, a thorough study of gender equality, labor migration and the impact on youth made it possible to characterize the effectiveness of the policy of stabilization and restoration of the labor market in the EU and Ukraine. The results obtained form the necessary information basis for modeling labor market regulation in the event of possible subsequent disturbances, in particular under the influence of global pandemics.


INTRODUCTION: Surgical site infections are the most common health care-associated infection, accounting for 31% of all health care-associated infections among hospitalized patients. Although advances have been made in infection control practices, surgical site infections remain a substantial cause of morbidity and an associated mortality rate of 3% has been attributed to them. In recent years, many studies have proven that use of checklists has led to improved patient care and decreased morbidity and mortality. The objective of our study is to determine if implementing a surgical site infection checklist for major gynecologic surgeries aimed at increasing compliance with practices known to reduce surgical site infections would reduce the rate of surgical site infections. METHODS: A presurgical checklist of nine different evidence-based practices (ie, chlorhexidine, broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics, etc) was bundled as a checklist and implemented at our teaching institution beginning in July 2012. A retrospective chart review was conducted of total abdominal hysterectomies and supracervical hysterectomies, performed from January 2010 to December 2012, before and after the implementation of our checklist. RESULTS: The surgical site infection rate after abdominal hysterectomies for the institution in 2010 and 2011 was 8.9% and 7.5%, respectively, before implementation of the checklist (Fig. 1). The surgical site infection rate decreased to 4.5% in 2012 after implementation of the checklist (Fig. 1). Surgical site infection rate. CONCLUSIONS: Our evidence-based checklist reduces the rate of surgical site infections after abdominal hysterectomies at our institution. Research geared toward identifying risk factors may be useful in establishing best practices to further decrease surgical site infection in abdominal hysterectomy.


PURPOSE: To obtain a recombinant DAN molecule containing a DNA sequence coding for the precursor polypeptides of the chains A and B of a ricin type phygtotoxin or at least a portion of the precursor polypeptide of the chain A or B of the ricin type phytotoxin, and further to provide a genetically modified host microorganism containing the recombinant DNA molecule. CONSTITUTION: This method for expressing a ricin chain A polypeptide comprises transducing a DNA coding for at least an effective portion of the ricin chain A into a cloning vector to bind to an expression control sequence so as to effectively act, transforming a host cell with the recombinant DNA molecule and subsequently culturing the transformed host cell. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Due to the individualistic nature of the femtocells and the uncertainty on the number and location of these devices, self-organization techniques play a very important role in successfully deploying and managing a large femtocell tier. This paper proposes a distributed power self-optimization scheme to suppress the interference and optimize the energy efficiency. First, the non-cooperative power self- optimization game is established, which is demonstrated to converge to a pure and unique Nash Equilibrium. Then, the impact of different power constraint conditions on the equilibrium is analyzed. Finally, a distributed power self- optimization algorithm is presented to achieve the equilibrium. With practical LTE parameters and 3GPP dual-strip femtocell model, simulation results show that the proposed scheme has fast and stable convergence and improves the energy efficiency significantly compared with Iterative Water Filling (IWF) algorithm. Furthermore, two power constraint conditions manifest different performance in terms of the energy efficiency.


Through laboratory experiments,a green cross-linked movable gel has been developed,which has been used for reservoir profile modification and plugging.The main agent of gel is hydrophobic associating polymer,concentration is 3000mg/L;the cross-linking agent is aluminum citrate from complex of aluminum ion and citric acid root ion.The best molar ratio of aluminum ions and citrate ions is 1.5:1 in complex reaction,the amount is 140mg/L;the retarder is tartaric acid sodium,the amount is 150mg/L;The stabilizer is thiourea,the amount is 800mg/L;The strength of the green cross-linked movable gel is 3.12×104mPa.s,gelling time 36h,Stable time 160d.It is suitable for low-temperature reservoir profile modification,and salt resistance is good.Laboratory experiments showed that the green cross-linked movable gel have strong plugging capacity and improving profile ability.The green cross-linked movable gel has strong three dimensional network structure,which been observed through the environmental scanning electron microscopy.


The data from 1568 lactation records of 300 cows of Gir and its HF and Jersey crossbred were collected from BGM Cattle Breeding Farm, Kandiwali, Mumbai and analyzedfor genetic studies by least square technique. The average lactation milk yield and life time milk yield were found to be 2204.42 ± 21.94 kg and 11743.276 ± 247.78 kg respectively. The least square mean were 7.22 ± 0.06 kg and 5.55 ± 0.05 kg for milk yield per day of lactation length and milk yield per day of calving interval respectively. All the production traits were found significantly influenced by non genetic factors viz season, period and parity as well as genetic group of the cows. The highest lactation milk yield2775.41 ± 32.43kg and life time milkyield 15755.66 ± 433.75kg was found in HF ×Gir crosses followed by Jersey ×Gir and lowest estimate for all production traits in pure Gir animals.


This study aimed to analyze the financial risk in the agricultural loan portfolio of universal Venezuelan bank during the period 1997-2010. The research is descriptive, longitudinal design with a trend. The population was composed of the totality of universal banking. he documents used for analysis were the annual reports of the Superintendence of Banks and Other Financial Institutions between 1997-2010. His data collection technique was a record sheet, for agricultural loan portfolios under consideration; the data was analyzed with indices of asset quality. The results indicate that there was a reduction of financial risk in the agricultural sector between 1998 and 2007. However, for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010, there is an increase of delinquency indicator and restructured loans ratio of agricultural loans of universal banking. In addition, late payment of agricultural loans of universal banking private and public was 2.6% and 12.1% respectively in 2010. The index for restructured loans agricultural loans in 2010 for the public and private universal banks stood at 1.6% and 8.4% respectively. The results described above, show that private universal banks has made the profile of potential borrowers in a more accurate that the universal banking service.


We consider an electromagnetic suspension system and discuss the design procedure that can stabilize robustly when the mass of object is changed. In this case, model uncertainty can be treated in the so-called structured uncertainty and we will apply two quadratic stabilization design procedures. Especially, we will show that a distribution ratio of uncertainty has an important role corresponding to the wighting matrix in the LQ regulator problem in first design procedure, and propose the quadratic stabilizing mixed sensitive problem which can consider not only the quadratic stabilization but also lower sensitvly performance in second design procedure. We will confirm the validity of this proposed design procedures by nonlinear simulations and experiments.


In this paper, a generic comprehensive analytical design method for dc link capacitors for 3-phase and multiphase drives is proposed, applied on a case study and verified by static and dynamic simulations of the converter. The proposed method is applied on a 15-phase axial flux permanent magnet machine for all possible phase configurations (i.e. 3, 5, 15, (5*3), (3*5)) at sinusoidal and space vector pulse width modulation techniques. For ((5*3), (3*5)) configurations, the interleaving is employed to reduce the capacitor current stress and the design method is applied at the optimal interleaving angle. The results show that the (3,5,15) phase configurations result in the same frequency of the most dominant harmonic current. The most dominant harmonic current resulted is the 2nd harmonic. The 15-phase configuration requires the largest dc link capacitance value, almost the same ripple current stress and the smallest voltage stress. The ((5*3), (3*5)) configurations result in a different most dominant harmonic (i.e. the 5th harmonic at the optimal interleaving angle). The (5*3) configuration results in the smallest capacitance value, voltage and current stress requirements. The SPWM results in smaller dc link current stress and capacitance value compared to the SVPWM technique.


A high dose of folic acid during pregnancy may increase the risk of asthma, wheezing, and respiratory disease in childhood. Folate acid can modify inflammation and immune susceptibility of offspring with some epigenetic differentiation, including DNA methylation. This study evaluated associations between maternal folate levels during pregnancy and childhood wheezing; furthermore, the study assessed whether maternal folate‐modified DNA methylation is related to asthma.


This article investigated the extent to which the information provided by Swiss-based robo advisers (RAs) on their websites has been conducive to retail investor protection. Text data from eleven RA websites were collected, categorized and analyzed. Findings identified various weaknesses. The nature of the services provided by RAs was unclearly conceptualized. Information on the risks of investing was poorly presented in those websites relative to information that promoted benefits. Disclosures on the workings of automation and algorithms was on average insufficient. Although the websites' content showed that RAs were reasonably focused on satisfying the customer's best interest, the information made available fell short of reassuring customers. These shortcomings are expected to be remedied, at least in part, following the recent entry into force of the Swiss Financial Services Act (FinSA). Compared with the MiFID II regime, however, FinSA has regulated the conduct of investment advisers and portfolio managers more leniently. It is therefore difficult to see how Swiss-based RAs can strive to dispense the higher MiFID II protection level without recourse to substantial doses of voluntary information disclosures.


Market conditions can change rapidly. Empirical evidences from Europe markets show that there can be several years between risk being taken, revenues being generated, and losses flowing through. This is the lesson that the recent financial crisis of 2008 taught us. Stress market conditions in Europe can be extreme in their development and violent in their impact. The financial markets in Europe are always testing new financial products and new banking practices. In this regard, banks in Sweden operate in a challenging environment of competitiveness and complexity. New financial products and new banking practices in Europe markets bring new risk and increase the impact and frequency of existing risks. Therefore, it is highly important to back the risk profile of banks with sophisticated risk models. Risk models pose a problem to any bank. The recommendations set out in this paper to optimize the Value-at-Risk model would help banks in Europe markets to adopt for the complexity of risk, the unpredictability of adverse events, the severity of stress market conditions, and the sophistication of the contemporary banking industry. Keywords—Market Risk, Value-at-Risk (VaR), Stress Market Conditions, Banking Crisis, Asset Portfolio, Risk Model, Banks


The use ofopen borrowpits asmunicipal waste dumps significantly increases groundwater vulnerability andpollution risk. Thesepits are often converted to repositories for municipal wastes without proper Environmental Impact Assessments on the suitability of such sites for waste disposal Various processes of contaminant transport such as advection and hydrodynamic dispersion transport leachatesfrom dumpsites to groundwater. Groundwater and leachate samples collected from the Ariaria waste dumpsite in Aba revealed thefollowing chemical andmicrobialconcentrationsabove WHO/EU guidelines for potable water; Lead (Pb) O.Olmg/l, Nickel (Ni) 0.056mg/l, Chromium (Cr) 0.056mg/l, Ammonium ion (NHJ 11.12mg/l while total conform =2400 andfeacal coliform =1025. These indicateprobablepollution and thus pose risks to human health and the environment. Most highly hazardous substances present in these contaminated waters are colourless, odourless and highly dangerous when ingested even in very minute concentrations. Bioaccumulation of hazardous substances within human 'issues as a result of chronic ingestion ofthese ground waters poses serious risksto human healthand environment; as certain endocrinedisruptioneffects have been attributable to their ingestion.


Metaverse development has often focused on bettering virtual reality technologies due to benefits in establishing immersion in virtual environment1. Its dependency on VR technology brings limitations including the lack of high-quality graphics and a lack of mobility. The mobile platform is the most prevalent interface for users to gain VR experience. There is a big challenge that mobile VR must face: it has limited computing power, but VR requires high rendering speed and image quality. The traditional solution is to complete lighting and shading computation offline and bake the result to light map. Thus, only texture lookups are needed at runtime which allows very high rendering speed. The problem of the traditional baking is that they usually take seconds to minutes to finish. In this paper, we introduce a novel edge computing framework to reduce the baking time to less than a second. Our method uses reservoir-based spatiotemporal importance resampling (ReSTIR) to bake low resolution light maps at edge server. At mobile side, the light maps are enlarged using super resolution technique. We also use denoiser to make sure the baked image is noise-free. The experimental results show that our method can have near real-time performance for scene with average complexity. The bottleneck is the bandwidth of mobile device when performing super resolution. Once it gets improved, we can expect our entire edge computing framework becomes real-time.


Toposculpting is the creation of virtual objects by moving real physical objects through space to extrude patterns like beams and pipes. In one example, a method of making pipe sculptures is proposed, using a ring-shaped object moved through space. In particular, computational lightpainting is proposed as a new form of data entry, 3D object creation, or user-interface. When combined with wearable computational photography, especially by way of a true 3D time-of-flight camera system, such as the Meta Spaceglasses (extramissive spatial imaging glass manufactured by Meta-View), real physical objects are manipulated during an actual or simulated long-exposure 3D photography process.


The introduction to the Knowledge and Understanding of the World Early Learning Goals states: 'Children need opportunities to gather information to satisfy their curiosity. They do this in many ways, for example by asking questions of adults, of each other and of themselves.'


This note introduces a new notion of random dynamical system with inputs and outputs, and sketches a small-gain theorem for monotone systems which generalizes a similar theorem known for deterministic systems.


In order to solve the problems of slow network planning of the existing emergency communication network and low bandwidth of planning objects, an emergency microwave communication network topology planning method based on the ACO optimization algorithm is proposed. The problems existing in the network topology planning of emergency microwave communication network at the current stage are studied, and the planning problem is conceptually modeled; the process and method of ACO application in network planning are proposed, and the Dijkstra algorithm is introduced into the planning model to form a An emergency microwave communication network topology planning method based on ACO optimization algorithm; practical application shows that the network topology planning method can quickly and accurately generate corresponding planning schemes.


A LEAST five of these preparations have been found of value and are being used in human medicine. With further experimentation it is quite probable that other derivatives of sulfonamide will be developed and found useful. The five of known value are sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine, (which had the trade name of "dagenan") sulfathiazole, sulfaguanidine and sulfadiazine. In veterinary medicine sulfanilamide has been used rather extensively, sulfapyridine to a lesser extent and the other preparations mentioned, only in an experimental manner and not much is known of their actual use. In their action it is generally agreed that they are bacteriostatic and in some instances may also be bacteriocidal-that is, they either arrest the growth and multiplication of bacteria in the body or destroy them. Since their most important action is to arrest the growth and development of bacteria it follows that their greatest value will be obtained if used as early as possible after an infection has taken place. Another feature of their .ction is that in order to obtain their full effect they must be given in such do-es as to bring about a certain concentration of them in the blood stream. In human medicine they estimate from 10-15 mgm. per 100 cc. of blood. Doubtless the same blood concentration of it will be required to overcome anwmal infections and it is on this requirement that dosage is computed. To meet this requirement it has been determined that at least 1 grain of the drug per pound of body weight per day is needed in the various species of domestic animals coming under the supervision of the veterinary therapeutist. When combating an infectious disease in which a sulfonamide preparation is being used it is advisable to exceed the amount of one grain per pound of body weight in the initial dose after which the amount given may be gradually tapered off. Klein of the University of Pennsylvania has computed the following table of dosage of sulfanilamide for the horse, the ox and the dog. For the horse, 1 and Y/8 grains per pound of bodyweight as the initial dose. This amount is followed by the administration of 3/8 grain per pound of body weight every 8 hours. It may be given in capsule or with a stomach tube suspended in water. For cattle, from 9/10 to 11/, grains per pound


The natural and war field environment which armored equipment confronted with was analyzed.Some measures of improving environmental worthiness of armored equipment were put forward through analysis of the effect of environment factors,such as high temperature,low temperature,sand,salt fog,altiplano and vibration.The environmental characteristics were analyzed according to the material and structural characteristics of armored equipment,and determination method of local environment value was proposed.Based on augmented-FMEA,a new method of environmental worthiness failure modes analysis was put forward,and the characteristics of armored equipments' environmental worthiness was summarized.


Scalable educational technology enables digital learning experiences to effectively reach a global audience with new approaches to teaching and learning. One new model is challenge-based learning in a global context, which is an extension of problem-based, project-based and contextual teaching and learning. This article describes the theoretical and organizational foundations of the design of a challenge-based learning technology platform for higher education that supports global collaborative team problem-solving experiences. Case examples are provided by the concrete approaches used with Curtin University's Challenge platform to enable and support scalability, self-organizing and self-directing teams, automated assessment methods, and the support of creative transmedia narratives.


The principal objective of education is to cultivate essential skills and sound moral values in students. Students belonging to ethnic minority groups in basic education levels are in a crucial phase of developing their character. The incorporation of educational technology within ethnic minority education has the capacity to enhance the academic proficiency of these students, elevate their self-esteem, and foster a constructive, optimistic, and inclusive perspective. The aim of this article is to shed light on the impact of digital education on the school environment of ethnic minority students and its influence on their character development. The article draws on examples of online distance education practices in China to illustrate this difference.


The Health of the Nation contains several targets directly affecting the health of present children and teenagers and future adults.' These include reducing smoking in 1 1-15 year olds by one third, reducing the proportion of energy derived from fats to 35%, reducing deaths from accidents by one third in under 15 year olds and by one quarter in those aged 15 to 24, reducing suicides by 15%, and halving the conception rate in girls under 16. The idea that these targets might simply be achieved by a cosy consortium between the health and education services begins to crack with research reported by Nutbeam et al in this issue (p 102).2 But how could we believe that health and education services could be the main players in achieving these targets? Was it arrogance and the need to be needed on the part of doctors and teachers or duplicity on the part of the government? Most research suggests that the health of a nation is mainly due to socioeconomic factors with medical and educational interventions accounting for very little. After 13 years of Conservative government this country is in rapid economic decline, and yet the medical and education professions seem intent on bearing responsibility for not being able to avoid the inevitable result-a decline in the nation's health. Thus Nutbeam et al are disappointed that two well tried instruments for preventing children from smoking failed to have any effect, especially when the schemes worked elsewhere. One of their interventions, the family smoking education project, had worked in Norway, but at the same time as the price, availability, and promotion of cigarettes were being controlled.2 Children's motivations for certain behaviours are highly complex. In a study of nearly 650 children aged 14 to 17, 98% knew that smoking harmed their health and 89% knew that passive smoking was harmful-yet one in five were, or had been, smokers.3 This gap between children's knowledge about what endangers their health and how they use this knowledge is largely uncharted territory. What we know is that simple interventions in a single area-like a school health education programme-are unlikely to work on their own. We know that peer group pressure, cigarette advertising, imitation of parents, boredom, the need to experiment, and self image all affect children's decision to begin smoking. We also have a good explanation of why children continue to smoke: cigarettes are highly addictive. It is the proposed solutions that are simplistic. To change behaviour requires tactics that match the complexity of the causes. These should include asking the children themselves how to solve the problem, feeding back their own views to them, and enacting effective laws and enforcing them (in a recent survey carried out by the local trading standards department of 54 premises selling cigarettes in Oxford a 12 year old was able to buy cigarettes in 13 of them). In addition, government policies need to be believable; banning cigarette advertising would almost certainly cut consumption.4 5 Two papers in this week's journal show how much further ahead Australia is when it comes to implementing government policies that attempt to improve health.67 The position of the health professional-doctor, health visitor, or nurse-is not to pretend that their bit of health promotion is going to have more than a small additive effect to all the other necessary inputs, and they should be aware that they may be wasting their time if the other inputs are not there. Rather they should continue to point out that health promotion is mainly the government's responsibility, as are the economy and the laws of the land.


This study aims to determine the influences of level of education, income and religiosity on consumption behavior of Muslim households in Surabaya.  This study uses quantitative analysis with multiple linear regression analysis. Primary data collection in this study uses a questionnaire. The sample of this research are 44 muslim households, especially fathers or housewives who were Muslim and were citizens who lived in Surabaya.  Based on the results of the study indicate that level of education consisting of elementary school to college level partially has a significant effect on the consumption behavior of Muslim households in Surabaya. Income partially has no significant effect on consumption behavior of Muslim households in Surabaya. Religiosity consisting of dimensions of faith, knowledge of Islam, intensity of ritual worship, religious experience, practice of Islamic teachings partially have a significant effect on consumption behavior of Muslim households in Surabaya. Level of Education, income and religiosity together (simultaneously) have a significant effect on the consumption behavior of Muslim households in Surabaya. Keywords: Income, Religiosity, Level of Education, Consumption Behavior, Muslim Household


The present invention discloses a method fluorosilicate residual hydrogen fluoride is removed, comprising the steps of: 1) silica fluorosilicic acid was added to the reaction and filtered to obtain a filtrate A; 2) was added to the carbonate powder a reaction filtrate; filtered to obtain a filtrate B; 3) the carbonate powder is dissolved in water to prepare a suspension, the suspension with carbon dioxide to obtain a liquid state bicarbonate solution; the bicarbonate solution B is added to the filtrate, after the reaction, to obtain a fluorine acid solution. Effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) obtained in three phases impurity purer fluorosilicic acid solution; 2) calcium carbonate was added milled thinning process reduces the liquid phase using a third calcium, saving processing liquid calcium, 3) removal of fluoride ions accurate solution, preventing the introduction of additional impurities; 4) a good reactivity and reaction rate. 5) removal of remaining fluorosilicic acid fluoride ion reached 95% or more, the residual fluoride ions is reduced to 0.05 g / l or less.


Beamer and Levinsohn (1995) have recently proposed a formula for empirical work in international macroeconomics summarized by the injunction to "Estimate, Don't Test!" This is based on a perception that much of the empirical work has failed to be influential as it tests propositions we know ex ante to be false. We argue that the empirical work has been more influential than they suggest. We use the example of recent work on the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model of trade to show how a cumulation of tests may be influential, even as no one test on its own would be.


Safe and economic design for the bridge foundation requires an accurate prediction of the scour depth and pattern around piers. Scour depends on the flow field as well as on the type and properties of the erodible bed. No general-purpose formula is presently available for this purpose due to complex erosion characteristics of the cohesive soils, lack of a general erosion model, and difficulty of scaling the properties of cohesive soil in scour experiments. Most of the previous experimental studies have yielded inconsistent results since the scale effects of erosion resistance were not properly taken into account. The present study focuses on the erosion potential of cohesive soils and how it is modeled in a scour experiment. Based on surface erodibility tests on natural cohesive soil samples from different locations, an erosion resistance model is presented to describe the variation of the erosion resistance with soil properties (moisture bulk density and water content). Cohesive soil can be modeled in pier scour experiments by scaling down its erosion resistance to be appropriate to the scaled down geometry and flow. A model soil (mixture of silica powder and kaolin clay) with low erosion resistance is used as erodible media. Scour around prototype circular and rectangular piers are modeled with laboratory experiments of different scales and satisfactory agreement is found for scour pattern and bottom shear stress from comparison of scaled-up experimental data at the prototype scale. Erosion resistance is found to influence scour depth and pattern. Cohesive soil is successfully modeled in pier scour experiments by modeling the erosion resistance instead of modeling the individual properties of the soil. A relationship is proposed for calculating maximum scour depth in cohesive soil as a function of pier Reynolds number and erosion resistance of the soil.


Wireless Sensor nodes fall somewhere in between the single application devices that donot need an operating system, and the more capable, general purpose devices with theresources to run a traditional embedded operating system. Sensor node operating systemsuch as TinyOS, Contiki, MantisOS and SOS which is discussed in this paper exhibitcharacteristics of both traditional embedded systems and general-purpose operating systemsproviding a limited number of common services for application developers linkingsoftware and hardware.These common services typically include platform support, hardware management of sensors,radios, and I/O buses and application construction etc. They also provide servicesneeded by applications which include task coordination, power management, adaptationto resource constraints, and networking. The evaluation was concentrated on TinyOSincluding an analysis on version 1.x and 2.x resource management and flexibility and itsoperation with the other wireless sensor node operating systems.


Objective To establish a co-culture model of alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cell (AECⅡ) and lung fibroblast(LF) to detect the changes of of Notch1 and Notch3 receptors in heterocellular and homocellular cultures.Methods By utilizing Millipore snap-on plate and Costar six-well plate,AECⅡ/ LF co-culture system was established and put together the freshly isolated AECⅡs and 3rd passage LFs or AECⅡs alone for group research.The general configuration and ultramicrostructure of the 2 groups were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope separately.MTT method was used to detect their cell vitality and function of secreting SP-C(surfactant protein C)by reverse transcription PCR. Notch1, 3 mRNA were detected by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR.Results AECⅡs of co-culture group showed a more stable configuration,more powerful vitality and secreted more SP-C. Notch1 mRNA in co-culture group was higher than homocellular culture while Notch3 mRNA is was lower.Conclusions AECⅡs of homocellular group may transdifferentiate into AECⅠs.When co-cultured with LF, AECⅡtransdifferentiation is suppressed, which is probably regulated by Notch signal.


Abstract Senior centers are an integral community resource, providing programs and services intended to meet the vast range of needs and interests of older adults. There is a growing literature describing senior center participants and benefits to participation, but little is known about those who choose not to participate at a local senior center. This presentation uniquely characterizes non-users of senior centers, based on a sample of community-dwelling adults aged 50+ from seven communities in Massachusetts (N = 9,462). To date, this is the largest data set that describes senior center usage. Most of the sample were women (60%) and in the 60-69 age group (36%). More than three quarters of the sample do not use the local senior center (77%). The most common reasons for non-usage were lack of interest (27%) and not feeling old enough (26%). There are significant differences in reasons of non-usage among age groups and gender (p < .001). Younger age groups' (50-69) most popular reasons for non-usage were not feeling old enough, not having time, inconvenient senior center hours, and not knowing what is offered. In contrast, older age groups (80+) more frequently reported having no interest or using programs elsewhere. Men were more likely to report not being interested and not being familiar with what is offered. Women were more likely to report not having time, inconvenient hours of programming, and using programs elsewhere. Based on results from this study, this presentation will outline implications for the future of senior centers and their programming.


In this paper, we discuss the many issues around the system and circuit design of advanced RF front ends for mobile, wireless and consumer RF applications. After an analysis of the application trends, technology choices linked to the different systems solutions is discussed.


This study reports the kinetic experimental results of albite in water and in KCl solution at 22 MPa in the temperature range of 25 to 400(C. Kinetic experiments have been carried out in an open flow-through reaction system (packed bed reactor). Albite dissolution is always incongruent in water at most temperatures, but becomes congruent at 300(C (close to the critical point 374(C). At temperatures from 25 to 300(C, the incongruent dissolution of albite is reflected by the fact that sodium and aluminum are easily dissolved into water; from 300 to 400(C it is reflected by silicon being more easily dissolved in water than Al and Na. Maximum albite dissolution rates in the flow hydrothermal systems have been repeatedly observed at 300(C, independent of flow rates.The kinetic experiments of albite dissolution in a KCl aqueous solution (0.1 mol KCl) indicate that the dissolution rate of albite increases with increasing temperature. Maximum silicon release rates of albite have been observed at 400(C, while maximum aluminum release rates of albite at 374(C. The reaction rates of albite also depend on the potassium concentration in the aqueous solution.These results can be used to interpret the mechanism for forming hydrothermal alteration. The kinetic experiments of mineral-aqueous solutions interactions in the hydrothermal system from 25 to 400(C and at 22 MPa indicate that the formation of the feldspar-mica-kaolinite zoning occurring in some ore deposits may depend not only on the mineral stability but also on the kinetics of feldspar hydration, which is affected by the water property variation when crossing the critical point.


In the US alone, more than 20 million people suffer from kidney disease. Despite the significant burden of renal disease for the individual and society, treatment options are limited. Over the years, the identification of genes and molecular pathways required for normal renal development has provided insight into our understanding of obvious developmental diseases such as renal agenesis and renal dysplasia. However, many of the genes identified have also been shown to play roles in adult-onset and acquired renal diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (scarring of the renal filters). In fact, data suggest that the number of glomeruli and nephrons (filtering units) present in the kidney at birth, which is determined during fetal life, predicts the risk of kidney disease and hypertension later in life; a reduced number is associated with greater risk. To discover novel therapeutic targets and strategies to slow and reverse kidney disease, we must continue to dissect the molecular mechanisms that underlie kidney development.


Multi-view unsupervised feature selection has been proven to be efficient in reducing the dimensionality of multi-view unlabeled data with high dimensions. The previous methods assume all of the views are complete. However, in real applications, the multi-view data are often incomplete, i.e., some views of instances are missing, which will result in the failure of these methods. Besides, while the data arrive in form of streams, these existing methods will suffer the issues of high storage cost and expensive computation time. To address these issues, we propose an Incremental Incomplete Multi-view Unsupervised Feature Selection method (I$^2$MUFS) on incomplete multi-view streaming data. By jointly considering the consistent and complementary information across different views, I$^2$MUFS embeds the unsupervised feature selection into an extended weighted non-negative matrix factorization model, which can learn a consensus clustering indicator matrix and fuse different latent feature matrices with adaptive view weights. Furthermore, we introduce the incremental leaning mechanisms to develop an alternative iterative algorithm, where the feature selection matrix is incrementally updated, rather than recomputing on the entire updated data from scratch. A series of experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with several state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method in terms of the clustering metrics and the computational cost.


Binding of β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA) to the cloned rat μ opioid receptor expressed in COS-1 cells or Chinese hamster ovary cells was examined. β-FNA bound to the μ receptor with high affinity. Irreversible binding of [3H]β-FNA was defined as the binding that could not be dissociated by trichloroacetic acid. Na greatly enhanced the specific irreversible binding of [3H]β-FNA to the μ receptor, which was concentration- and time-dependent. Specific irreversible binding of [3H]β-FNA was potently inhibited by CTAP (a μ ligand), but not by ICI174,864 (a ligand) or U50,488H (a κ ligand). These results indicate that [3H]β-FNA binds irreversibly to the cloned μ opioid receptor. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography showed that [3H]β-FNA-labeled receptors migrated as one broad and diffuse band with a mass of 80 kDa in Chinese hamster ovary or COS cells and as one band with a mass of 67 kDa in the rat brain preparation. Upon removal of N-linked carbohydrates, labeled receptors became a sharper band with a mass of 40 kDa. [3H]β-FNA did not bind irreversibly to the cloned rat κ receptor. [3H]β-FNA binding to four chimeric μ/κ receptors was examined. The region from the middle of the third intracellular loop to the C terminus of the μ receptor is necessary for irreversible binding of β-FNA.


Every teacher shouders the responsibility of fostering students since moral education is included in every course. Interference with education and penetration to schools from religion pose a big threat. Therefore, to reinforce Maxist religion outlook and atheist education among students of various minority nationalities become the prime task of colleges in Southern Xinjiang. The teaching staff in Southern Xinjiang bears the brunt of the arduous task.


Suad Jawad,a female writer from the United Arab Emirates,is a representative of those contemporary Arab female writers.With her strong female consciousness,keen female perspectives and unique female narrative,she discloses social issues facing the Gulf women,such as polygamy,arranged marriage,cyber love,domestic sexual assault,drug abuse,etc.,as well as the misfortune and inequity induced by the shackles of religion and the oppression of male chauvinist traditions.She tries to arouse women's consciousness of liberation,draw the public's attention to women's issues and promote the equality,freedom and liberation of Arab women.


Radioisotope tracing was used to follow the movements of Microtus pennsylvanicus in enclosures in the natural environment. Experiments were designed to determine the effects of increasing population density and other factors on various ecological and behavioral parameters.

The process of establishing home ranges for animals alone in unfamiliar habitat was rapid. Discriminatory preferences for home range sites and return to previously occupied ranges were shown by the experimental animals. No evidence for territoriality among resident voles (with the possible exception of defense of nest sites) was observed.

At least 50 per cent of the study population was active at any hour of the period over which observations were made. There was a tendency for the population to be more active during daylight hours. Individual voles showed a mean short-term activity cycle of 4.8 hours. Even though the percentage activity increased with density, the mean short-term activity cycle of the voles remained about 4.8 hours, a possible indication of some basic physiological phenomenon. The size and shape of a vole's home range and its temporal and spatial activity did not appear to be fixed individual characteristics.

Dominance hierarchies existed among the study animals. Shifts in home range and increase of percentage weight appeared to be related to an individual's social status. Animals at higher densities gained significantly more weight than did voles at a density of one per pen.

Nonresident individuals maintained a higher emigratory rate than did resident voles. Increasing population density caused an increase in the mean distance moved between successive points of location and an increase in the mean percentage activity of the study animals. These and related density-dependent phenomena could well be involved in the regulation of populations of Microtus .


The present invention relates to an optoelectronic component, the optoelectronic device comprises a first electrode substrate (1), a first electrode (2), a second electrode (9), at least one organic functional layer, the organic functional layer is provided ( between 2) and the second electrode (9). The organic functional layer comprising a base material, the first compound and / or the second compound wherein the first compound and the second compound interaction, and wherein the first compound and / or compounds that interact with a second matrix material, and wherein the through interaction generating conductivity of the organic functional layer. Furthermore, an organic functional layer and a method for fabricating an optoelectronic device.