Because the functions of backup and recovery are usually ignored in the Web anti-tamper system,a Web anti-tamper system model was proposed in this paper,based on which a safe and efficient remote backup and recovery system was given.The multi-version management technique of backup data was used for restoring the data of different versions and different periods.The Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain Algorithm(LZMA) was used to compress the backup data for improving the disk utilization.The Data Encryption Standard(DES) and File Transfer Protocol(FTP) were used for secure remote data storage and transmission.Finally,the system performance test shows it can effectively backup and recover the Web server data without affecting the Web server load and recover a single page within 100 ms.It is an effective means to solve the Web tampering problem.


Jakarta Groundwater Basin is a Quaternary basin which is located between latitude 6 o 0' – 6 o 39'S and longitude 106 o 35' – 107 o 05'E where 0 o is measured from Greenwich. There are many rocks and variability groundwater quality in the research area support to know about the influence of mineralogical characteristics of rocks to groundwater quality.Analysis and evaluation have been done based on field and laboratory data and supported by secondary data primarily from geology and hydrogeology. Collecting data taken by rocks and groundwater sampling from several drilling wells in the field, then analyzed by petrography, XRD and also chemical of groundwater. Result of this analysis shows that groundwater quality in the research area is influence by mineralogical content of rock. Groundwater composition is dominated by Na + ranges in 20 – 4490 ppm, Ca 2+ 20.3 – 950.8 ppm, HCO 3 - 121.4 – 790.5 ppm and Cl - 6.4-9255 ppm. Most of dominant soluble element in groundwater interpreted derived from weathering of silicate minerals. The sedimentary rocks in the research basin involved in groundwater quality, but it was controlled by geology and hydrogeology condition beside stability factor of each mineral. Key words: hydrochemistry, mineralogy, groundwater, Quaternary basin.


An activated carbon as adsorbent is derived from waste tendu leaves (Diospyros melanoxylon) from local Beedi (Cigarette) industry for removal of sulphur dye from textile waste water. Tendue leaves were chemically treated with sulphuric acid and activated carbon prepared was analyzed by pH, moisture content, ash content, bulk density and BET surface area. The adsorption studies were performed as a function of different concentration of dye solution, contact time, pH and different adsorbent doses. The kinetics of the adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data was analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm models. The suitability of the data in different model of isotherm is determined from correlation coefficient (R2) value. The results of all isotherms model shows correlation coefficient (R2) value close to 1 and hence results fit into adsorption data. The results showed that tendu leaves a solid waste disposal from Beedi industry can be used as effective biosorbent for removal of sulphur dye from textile waste water.


Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is routinely used during cardiac surgical procedures involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in order to reduce blood loss [1]. Although the optimum dose of TXA has been a subject of debate, a dosing regimen also sometimes referred to as the BART dose remains a popular choice for high-risk cardiac surgery [2]. The pharmacokinetics of TXA during the perioperative period with this antifibrinolytic dose has not been studied. The primary objective of this study was to measure the TXA plasma concentrations following infusion of the BART dose during cardiac surgery with the use of CPB. The secondary objectives of this study were to ascertain if observed TXA concentrations were within the suggested target range to allow optimal inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and to evaluate elimination kinetics of TXA in the postoperative period following discontinuation of the infusion


Empathy is a familiar term in social work education, although how to teach and learn empathy is not well documented. Equally, how non-indigenous Australian practitioners learn empathic regard for indigenous peoples living with the crippling legacies of colonialism is not commonly described in the literature. The primary aim of the classroom-based inquiry described here was to explore and reflect on the concept of empathy with social work students at a regional Australian university using selected real-life vignettes. These findings suggest greater cultivation of empathy is needed for respectful social work intervention by non-indigenous practitioners working with Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and, by implication, with indigenous peoples worldwide.


In October 1962, the fate of the world hung on the U.S. response to the discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. President Kennedy's decision to impose a blockade was based on hours of discussions with top advisers (the so-called ExComm), yet decades of scholarship on the crisis have missed the central puzzle: How did the group select one response, the blockade, when all options seemed bad? Recently released audio recordings are used to argue that the key conversational activity was storytelling about an uncertain future. Kennedy's choice of a blockade hinged on the narrative "suppression" of its most dangerous possible consequence, namely the perils of a later attack against operational missiles, something accomplished through omission, self-censorship, ambiguation, uptake failure, and narrative interdiction. The article makes the very first connection between the localized dynamics of conversation and decision making in times of crisis, and offers a novel processual account of one of the most fateful decisions in human history.


Determining distributions of the functions of random variables is one of the most important problems in statistics and applied mathematics because distributions of functions have wide range of applications in numerous areas in economics, finance, risk management, science, and others. However, most studies only focus on the distribution of independent variables or focus on some common distributions such as multivariate normal joint distributions for the functions of dependent random variables. To bridge the gap in the literature, in this paper, we first derive the general formulas to determine both density and distribution of the product for two or more random variables via copulas to capture the dependence structures among the variables. We then propose an approach combining Monte Carlo algorithm, graphical approach, and numerical analysis to efficiently estimate both density and distribution. We illustrate our approach by examining the shapes and behaviors of both density and distribution of the product for two log-normal random variables on several different copulas, including Gaussian, Student-t, Clayton, Gumbel, Frank, and Joe Copulas, and estimate some common measures including Kendall's coefficient, mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis for the distributions. We found that different types of copulas affect the behavior of distributions differently. In addition, we also discuss the behaviors via all copulas above with the same Kendall's coefficient. Our results are the foundation of any further study that relies on the density and cumulative probability functions of product for two or more random variables. Thus, the theory developed in this paper is useful for academics, practitioners, and policy makers.


Aim. To study the current state of the anticoagulant's prescription in elderly and senile patients with atrial fibrillation in the clinical practice of family medicine center, in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. Material and methods. Of the 1974 ambulatory medical observation cards, 470 patients with atrial fibrillation were selected who had indications for prescribing antithrombotic therapy (87 [18.5%] men and 383 [81.5%] women; 212 [45.1%] urban residents and 258 [54.9%] rural residents). The average age was 66.9±10.2 years. The analysis included data from 387 patients who received anticoagulant therapy. The frequency of prescribing antithrombotic therapy has been studied. Results. There were indications for anticoagulant therapy in 387 patients. Anticoagulants were taken by 167 (43.2%) patients, antiplatelet agents - 196 (50.6%), no therapy - 24 (6.2%). Anticoagulant therapy in 153 patients included warfarin, while only 11.8% had adequate INR control after one year of follow-up. Rivaroxaban was prescribed in 14 (8.4%) patients. 50% of patients had antiplatelet agents instead of anticoagulants, which were mainly prescribed by therapists of rural family medicine centers. Conclusion. In the southern regions of the republic, an unfavorable situation is observed with the prescription and management of elderly and senile patients on anticoagulant therapy. It is necessary to continue the research across the country in order to obtain a complete and real picture of the problem, and to develop a unified and relevant recommendation.


An air lifting and balancing unit including a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a ball screw affixed to the piston, a ball nut mounted for rotation on the ball screw, a drum mounted on the ball nut, a chain driven by the drum, and centrifugally actuated brakes mounted on the drum for stopping rotation of the drum when the drum exceeds a predetermined acceleration either due to a loss of load or to a loss of air pressure applied to the piston, and a pneumatic circuit in communication with the cylinder for providing air pressure thereto which applies a force on the piston which is at a substantially constant incremental value in opposition to the force exerted by the load applied to the piston through the chain and the drum and the ball screw regardless of variations in said air pressure to thereby cause the speed of the chain to remain substantially constant.


Background: End Stage Renal Disease is the common cuase of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from diabetes and hypertension. Loss of transferrin and renal impairment in diabetic patients might lead to microcytic anaemia. Progression of nephropathy in these patients can be prevented by checking the hemoglobin levels. Objectives: This study is aimed at identifying the relationship of transferrin levels and anaemia in diabetic nephropathy. Methods: The study included 100 patients who were categorized as 20 normoalbuminuric, 40 microalbuminuric and 40 macroalbuminruic based on urine albumin levles. Serum Transferrin, Hemoglobin were measured in all the three groups. Results: The data obtained concludes that the levels of hemoglobin are significantly reduced in macroalbuminuric (9.0 + 1.61) than mciroalbuminuric (11.5 + 1.71) as compared to normoalbuminuric (13.1 + 1.91) patients. Serum transferrin levels were significantly reduced in macroalbuminuria (207 + 33.7) as compared to normoalbuminuria (263 + 51.8), which in correlation to hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: Anaemia was often seen at an early stage in diabetic nephropathy than in patients with chronic kidney disease. It is, therefore, crucial to monitor anaemia to prevent the progression of renal disease in diabetic patients manifested as microalbuminuria. Plasma transferrin levels are decreased in macroalbuminuria though the synthesis is increased in diabetic nephropathy as the response doesn't compensate for the loss of transferrin in the urine. Further understanding of the mechanism and providing the therapy may improve patient outcomes.


Contemporaneity in Japan Two Angles The History of Reception A House with Many Dwellings The Message The Western Sender The Eastern Recipient Buddhist Background Postscript - On the Bridge Notes Index.


Both Sartre and Kohut use the idea of conflict in a positive sense to explain how authentic relations and viable therapy are possible, although there are important differences between the two thinkers on this topic. For Kohut it will be shown that optimal frustration is conceived of as a mechanism through which the healthy child, or the well-managed patient, learns to react in a calming and loving way to internal drive demands. Concomitantly, this individual learns to cope with a world that is obdurate, one that will thwart his desires. By contrast, in the authentic case the child for Sartre is taught to accept the gulf between him/herself and the adult. Positive conflict becomes something the child not only accepts but also enjoys as he/ she learns to cope enthusiastically in the face of his environment's inevitable obduracy. Sartre's sense of joy and volition will be shown to go beyond Kohut's more guarded optimism in the face of the challenge of contingency. The above ideas of both Sartre and Kohut will also be used to criticize views of therapy in which understanding and empathy on the part of the therapist are taken to be the sine qua non of the therapeutic process.


The author point out that, faced with tycoons of international express delivery industry that has entered into Chinese market, it is not difficult to find that there are some problems with brand of China,s express delivery indus try and brand construction. To solve these problems and quick brand construction of this industry,we should, first, change the idea of brand operation and co rrectly understand the value of brand; second,strengthen brand integration and implement differentiation strategy; third, clarify positioning; fourth, pay more attention to the construction of brand connotation; and fifth,set up the system to put the brand advances to practical use and improve the actual value o f brand.


The quantum algebras associated with the R-matrix obtained from the two parameter free fermion model are examined. It is shown that in addition to Uq,s(gl(1, 1)) there exists another algebra which is isomorphic to Uq,s(gl(1, 1)) as an algebra but has a different Hopf structure. It does not have a classical limit and is related to Up(sl(2, c)) at a root of unity (p=i, i2=-1).


This paper describes the development of a new generation of DC converter used to supply power to telecommunications equipment. Traditional topologies have been single-phase two-stage designs. As a consequence of having a two-stage design there are losses across both stages, resulting in a cascading effect. A new type of converter is proposed that utilizes a three-phase single-stage design and as a result, has efficiency advantages over the traditional approach. Output regulation is normally achieved by means of a PI feedback control. However, under conditions of a step load change there is considerable overshoot. A control technique, known as pseudo-derivative feedback control (PDF) is introduced, and simulation results show an improved response to a step load change


This work presents a practical, low-pressure pumped-two-phase cooling system that can be implemented in a high performance workstation form factor employing Novec 7000, a dielectric fluid from 3M. By taking advantage of the vapor to liquid phase change, a total of 1500 W of heat could be removed from the 10 processors (2 CPUs and 8 GPU processors) to ambient with a total temperature difference of 37 °C or less between the ambient and the processor or processor package. The high thermal performance allowed the Nvidia Tesla K80 processors to operate in "boost" mode 100% of the time, increasing their performance by 55%.


The present invention provides flooring containing a plasticizer; a fiber material containing one or more kinds of organic fibers and one or more kinds of inorganic fibers; and thermoplastic, wherein the fiber material has orientation. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing flooring including a step of forming a first mixture by mixing one or more kinds of inorganic fibers or one or more kinds of organic fibers with a liquefied plasticizer; a step of forming a second mixture of which the fiber material is dispersed in the liquefied plasticizer by mixing the first mixture; a step of forming a third mixture by mixing the thermoplastic with the second mixture; and a step of forming the flooring by thermo-compressing the third mixture.


Using the best estimate computer code SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3.4,the detailed calculation models of USA Surry NPP are established and TLFW-induced core melt accident is analyzed.In order to predict the in-vessel core melt progression accurately and provide PSA-2 with the reliable initialization conditions,the creep rupture failure of primary loops pressure boundary is taken into account in code calculation.Besides,core melt progression and accident results with operator action are evaluated.


The metabolic fate of the carbon skeleton of l-[U-14C]phenylalanine, tyrosine and aspartic acid was investigated in growing rats fed with diets containing different percentages of protein calories (0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 PC%) at 4100 kcal of metabolizable energy per kg of diet.The incorporation of 14C into the body protein at 12 hr after the injection of 14C-phenylalanine was more than 80% of the dose in the dietary groups of 0 and 5 PC%, and it decreased gradually at higher PC% levels. The pattern of incorporation of 14C-tyrosine into the body protein was similar to that of phenylalanine. The carbon skeleton of 14C-aspartic acid was extensively oxidized to expired carbon dioxide, and 14C incorporation into the body protein was markedly less. The pattern of expired 14CO2 production from each 14C-amino acid was in inverse proportion to that of 14C incorporation into the body protein.These results suggest that although tyrosine is not an essential amino acid for the growth of rats, the carbon skeleton of tyros...


The objective of this thesis is to investigate the suitability of fibre optical parametric amplifiers (FOPAs) for use in multi-channel, dynamic networks. First, we investigate their quasi-static behaviour in such an environment. We study the behaviour of a FOPA under realistic conditions and we examine the impact on the gain spectrum of channel addition for several different operating conditions and regimes. In particular, we examine the impact of surviving channel(s) position, input power and channel spacing. We see how these parameters affect the gain tilt as well as its dynamic characteristics, namely the generation of under or over-shoots at the transition point, possible dependence of rise and fall times on any of the aforementioned parameters and how the gain excursions depend on those parameters. For these studies we assume continuous wave operation for all signals. We observe that the gain spectrum changes are a function of the position and the spacing of the channels. We also find that the gain excursion can reach several dBs (up to 5 dB) in the case of channel add/drop and are heavily dependent on the position of the surviving channels. The channels located in the middle of the transmission band are more prone to channel add/drop-induced gain changes. Moreover, we investigate for the first time the FOPA dynamic behaviour in a packet switching scenario. This part of the study assumes that all but one channels normally vary in a packet-switched fashion. The remaining channel (probe channel) is expected to undergo gain variations due to the perturbation of the system experienced by the other channels. Furthermore, we consider several different scenarios for which the channels spacing, per channel input power (PCIP), variance of the power fluctuation and position of the probe channel will change. We find that when the FOPA operates near saturation the target gain is not achieved more than 50% of the time while the peak-to-peak gain excursions can exceed 1 dB.


Through analyzing the EDM and machining practices of the tread block in segmented mold for L580T tyre,its EDM process was discussed.The variation and parameter selection of peak current,pulse width and pulse interval in periods of the rough-machining,finishing-machining and micro-machining were emphatically discussed.The process and parameter selecting method of the tread block EDM processing were summarized.Production showed that this process could reach the required precision of tread block.


The present invention describes systems and methods for predicting and detecting a seizure in a subject. The methods of the invention comprise measuring interneuron synchrony in terms of the coherence between interneuron action potentials and local field potential oscillations. In one embodiment, the detection of specific patterns of coherence, correlation and firing rate of interneurons predicts an upcoming seizures. US 2014/0257128A1 Sep. 11, 2014 Sheet 1 of 24 Patent Application Publication


Based on the land use data of 1995 and 2000 year,and referring to the table of Chinese land ecosystem service value of unit area which was established by Xie Gao-di etc.,the effects of land use change in principal part of Horqin Sandy Land-Chifeng city on ecosystem service value were estimated.The result indicates that,from 1995 to 2000,the area of farmland increased 5.04%,the area of forestland decreased 2.44%,and one of grassland decreased 1.32%,of one water bodies decreased 0.58%,one of wetland increased 0.16%,and the land of rural-urban,industrial mining and residents reduced 0.19%,unused land decreased 0.55%.The land use in the studied area were different greatly from region to region,as most county kept abusing land by destroying forestland and grassland,especially for Aohan banner.The total ecosystem service value in Chifeng city Land decreased from 782.88×108 yuan to 778.49×108 yuan in period of 1995-2000,there was a 0.56% net decrement of 4.39×108yuan,and the decrease was caused by the decrease of grassland and forest and the increase of farmland.


We use a thin flux tube model in a rotating spherical shell of turbulent convective flows to study how active region scale flux tubes rise buoyantly from the bottom of the convection zone to near the solar surface. We investigate toroidal flux tubes at the base of the convection zone with field strengths ranging from 15 kG to 100 kG at initial latitudes ranging from 1° to 40° with a total flux of 1022 Mx. We find that the dynamic evolution of the flux tube changes from convection dominated to magnetic buoyancy dominated as the initial field strength increases from 15 kG to 100 kG. At 100 kG, the development of Ω-shaped rising loops is mainly controlled by the growth of the magnetic buoyancy instability. However, at low field strengths of 15 kG, the development of rising Ω-shaped loops is largely controlled by convective flows, and properties of the emerging loops are significantly changed compared to previous results in the absence of convection. With convection, rise times are drastically reduced (from years to a few months), loops are able to emerge at low latitudes, and tilt angles of emerging loops are consistent with Joy's law for initial field strengths of ≳40 kG. We also examine other asymmetries that develop between the leading and following legs of the emerging loops. Taking all the results together, we find that mid-range field strengths of ∼40–50 kG produce emerging loops that best match the observed properties of solar active regions.


Light emission from single-layered electroluminescent devices is described in which (Eu, Gd) coordination complexes, (Eu0.1Gd0.9)(TTA)3(TPPO)2, and electron transport material oxadiazole derivative, 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-t-butylphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, are dispersed in a hole-transporting host polymer poly(N-vinylcarbazole) film. The color of the emitted electroluminescence changes smoothly from green-white to red with temperature varying from 77 to 300 K. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of temperature dependent yields of phosphorescence from the triplet state of the Gd and Eu chelates and the intermolecular energy transfer from Gd-chelate to Eu-chelate cages.


Monoelemental two-dimensional (2D) Tellurium (Te) has demonstrated excellent potential candidate for next-generation (opto)electronic devices due to its unique properties such as topological surface states, high carrier mobility, high light absorption...


This paper describes an approach for automatically generating optimized parallel code from serial Fortran programs annotated with high level directives. A preprocessor analyzes both the program and the directives and generates efficient parallel Fortran code that runs on a number of parallel architectures, such as clusters or SMPs. The unique aspect of this approach is that the directives and optimizations can be customized and extended by the expert programmers who would be using them in their applications. This approach enables the creation of parallel extensions to Fortran that are specific to individual applications or science domains.


We have investigated Mossbauer spectra of single crystal YMn 2 O 5 (with 1.5 mol % 57 Fe), which is simultaneously ferroelectric (the ferroelectric Curie temperature T CE =39 K and the second diele...


Significance
 Congress regulates industry by giving legal directions to government departments, but that role has declined with Congress under split control, since legislating is harder. The courts have become the main regulatory mechanism.

 Impacts
 To regulate industries, judges will need to broaden their jurisdictional authority or grant further executive branch authority.
 If Trump wins re-election, he will appoint additional conservative justices via a Republican-controlled Senate.
 The COVID-19 pandemic has already seen the Supreme Court delay hearings; more such delays are coming.
 Congress Democrats would sue Trump and Congress Republicans would sue Biden over policy differences.


This report presents a review of the status of the technology for the removal, in the stack, of sulfur dioxide and particulates. The study identified no commercially demonstrated process for the removal of sulfur dioxide from stack gases if the criterion for such demonstration is one year of successful operation on a plant of at least 100 MW capacity. At least ten processes were in various stages of development and all of them had remaining technological problems or uncertainties. Because of the operational and financial uncertainties remaining in the recognized processes, the study recommended that Federal agencies should continue to encourage experimentation on a variety of processes to remove sulfur dioxide from stack gases and that an independent cost study of potentially useful processes based on detail process designs should be funded. In general, the removal of particulates to meet Federal standards for total weight of particulate emission was seen as not constituting a serious problem. The performance required was clearly within the range of demonstrated electrostatic precipitator technology, if precipitators are made large enough. Fabric filters or wet scrubbers could collect high-resistivity fly ash. The major problem area concerned submicron particles which were seen as difficult, if not impossiblemore » to measure easily and reproducibly. The study, therefore, recommended that investigations of measurement, control and environmental effects of submicron particles and investigations of the operation of electrostatic precipitators on unusual fly ash and on fine particles should be funded.« less


Risk and uncertainty quantification have direct application in open pit design and production scheduling. Little variations in contour conditions of a mining project can have significant impact over the financial return in the order of millions of dollars. Market price, capital costs, interest taxes, etc., are parameters usually tested to measure the viability of an asset, however, uncertainty regarding the geological modeling is rarely considered. Mine planning is suited to provide tools to mining engineer decisions considering estimated block grades. However, uncertainty regarding the geological model must be always considered because we are dealing with sample data set. Geostatistical simulation has the power of producing multiple equiprobable realizations, which can be evaluated independently as possible mineral deposit outcomes. Contrary to estimation and interpolation techniques, conditional simulation provides answers to questionings regarding risk, considering variations given by multiple geological models. These scenarios give access to probability and consequently to the possible oscillations of mine planning design and financial return of a mining project. This work aims investigate new methodologies that contributes to build mine planning scenarios and that evaluates the uncertainty impact given by simulated models. The approach suggested by this work, involves the definition of a methodology to control and plan medium and long term operations incorporating the local ore variability, assessing the sensitivity of financial return and mine planning design given by the modeling algorithm. To solve the problem at hand, one suggest the generation of stochastic models and the input of multiple models selected by determinant criteria to map the uncertainty space. The use of transfer functions (e.g. change of support and production scheduling) is the key to answer the impact over the project profitability. Inputting equiprobable models which preserve the data statistics and spatial connectivity to these functions we output a series of answers dimensioning the economical risk provided by geological uncertainty.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a modified
 "Open-Lung-Concept" on cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters during total
 intravenous anaesthesia with inhalation of 35% oxygen in air. Forty-two adult
 warmblood horses weighing more than 400 kg were
 included in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups of 14
 horses. After one patient was assigned to one group, the following horse with
 similar weight undergoing similar surgical intervention was placed into one
 of the remaining groups. Horses of group A were ventilated using a modified
 "Open-Lung-Concept", those of group B using a conventional IPPV-Ventilation
 and horses of group C were breathing spontaneously. All horses were premedicated with xylazine (0.8
 mg/kg BW i.v.) and anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.2 mg/kg BW i.v.)
 and diazepam (0.05 mg/kg BW i.v.). Anaesthesia was
 maintained for 90 minutes by an infusion of guaifenesin
 (131.1 mg/kg/h), ketamine (5.6 mg/kg/h) and xylazine (1.4 mg/kg/h). All patients were intubated and were breathing a mixture of 35% oxygen in
 air. Measurement of the following parameters started 20 minutes after
 induction of anaesthesia and were recorded in ten minutes intervals: heart
 rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial blood pressure, end-tidal carbon
 dioxide concentration, inspired fraction of oxygen, alveolar dead space,
 positive inspiratory pressure, positive
 end-expiratory pressure, acid-base-status, arterial blood pH, arterial
 partial oxygen pressure, arterial partial carbon dioxide pressure and
 arterial oxygen saturation. The arterial partial oxygen pressure was
 significantly higher in horses of group AmOLC
 compared to horses of group BIPPV and Cspontanous.
 In addition the arterial oxygen saturation in group AmOLC
 was significantly higher than in group Cspontanous.
 Both parameters indicate an improved oxygenation of horses that were
 ventilated using the modified "Open-Lung-Concept" despite the low
 concentration of inhaled 35% oxygen in air. The remaining respiratory
 parameters were within the reference range and therefore no negative effect
 of the mOLC on the remaining lung parameters could
 be detected. However, a significant higher mean arterial blood pressure could
 be accounted during IPPV-Ventilation and spontaneous ventilation compared to
 ventilation with the modified "Open-Lung-Concept". So there is a compromise
 when using the modified "Open-Lung-Concept" between a little impairment of
 the cardiovascular function and an improved pulmonary gas exchange. Nine
 additional horses were excluded from the study because of severe hypoxaemia during anaesthesia. These horses were treated
 by increasing the inhaled oxygen concentration and by artificial ventilation.
 Eight of these nine horses were in dorsal recumbency
 and six of them were breathing spontaneously. Confirming that, dorsal recumbency causes a reduction of pulmonary gas exchange.
 In conclusion, ventilation of horses using a modified "Open-Lung-Concept"
 with inhalation of 35% oxygen in air can be recommended during total
 intravenous anaesthesia. Insufflation of oxygen can
 be applied even under field conditions and is likely to improve arterial
 partial pressure of oxygen.


Initiation of décollement zone in incoming sediments is crucial important to understand the mechanism of plate boundary faulting in subduction zones and consequently it may help to clarify the nature of seismogenic zone. However, the basic mechanism and dynamics during the initiation and the evolution of the plate boundary décollement zone remain poorly understood. It is therefore assumed that cyclic loading both in isotropic and deviatory stress due to stress wave propagation, especially P-wave during an earthquake, might cause a dramatic change in fabric and physical properties of sediments. In this paper, semi-lithified trench-slope siltstone from the Boso Peninsula and Fujinomori clay are tested with static and dynamic load under high confining pressure. Meanwhile, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is also measured to check the changes in the internal textures of the specimen after these tests. As the results, no major fabric variation was confirmed based on AMS, in spite of substantial residual deformation occurred due to cyclic loading. These results are exactly the same as the mechanical properties of décollement zone in which the internal texture remained unchanged but the density increased significantly.


Histamine inhibited the production of interleukin 1 (IL‐1) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cultures of purified human peripheral blood monocytes. The effect of histamine on IL‐1 production was dose‐dependent and significant at histamine concentrations of 10−4‐10−5m. The histamine H2 receptor agonists dimaprit and 4‐methylhisiamine, hut not the H1 receptor agonists 2‐pyridylethylamine. aminoethylthiazole and 2‐methylhistamine, modulated the IL‐1 production in a similar manner to histamine. The inhibitory effects of histamine could be reversed by the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine but not by the H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine. This indicates that the inhibitory effects of histamine on LPS‐induced IL‐1 production are mediated through H2 receptors on human peripheral blood monocytes.


This study was conducted to determine the influence of computer anxiety and computer self efficacy on the attitude of students to internet in selected model secondary schools in Akwa lbom State, Nigeria. Students' attitude towards the use of internet has been an issue of great concern to teachers of computer science. Three hypotheses were stated to guide the researcher in the course of the study. An expost facto design was used and the population of the study consisted of one thousand eight hundred and two senior secondary 2 students of model secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The sample consisted of six hundred students drawn using the stratified random sampling technique. Students' computer Anxiety, Computer Self-efficacy and Attitude to Internet Questionnaire (SCASEAIQ) was the instrument used to collect data for the study. The questionnaire was divided into three sections. Each of the sections consisted of twenty items. The researcher visited the students and personally administered the instrument. Data analysis was done using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and independent t-test. All the hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance. Findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between students' computer anxiety and attitudes towards internet. There is a significant positive relationship between students' computer self-efficacy and attitude towards internet. Computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy significantly influence students' attitude towards internet. It was concluded that students' computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy influenced students' altitudes toward the internet.


AIM
To study the effects of antisense vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) on the expression of VEGF in human glioma cell line (A172 cells).

METHODS
VEGF mRNA level was measured by semiquantification reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). VEGF protein expression in the cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. VEGF protein level in the media was measured by ELISA.

RESULTS
When the cells were treated with antisense VEGF ODN (6.25-50 mumol.L-1), VEGF mRNA level in the cells decreased remarkably in a concentration-dependent manner. No change was found when the cells were treated with sense or missense ODN. When the cells were treated with antisense VEGF ODN 25 mumol.L-1, VEGF protein level decreased greatly both in the cells and the media.

CONCLUSIONS
Antisense VEGF ODN inhibited VEGF expression specifically in A172 cells in vitro and thus the results provided the basis for the further studies in vivo.


The machine is characterized in that it comprises one stage as an upper platform (51), the central platform is provided with an intermittent rotation of the cap holder turret (1), and equipped with a plurality of metal for receiving the respective wheel a cap (56) a radial bore (61), the turntable (1) around four symmetrically disposed and complementary work stations, disposed therebetween to offset angle of 90 ° relative to each other, further comprising one feeding device ( 2) a hemming apparatus (3) a gumming device (4) and means (5) a cap for removal of the metal (56). Further characterized in further comprising means for transmitting a synchronized movement, in order for the cap (56) for various operations.


The initial amplitudes of permitted waves at the junction of a cylindrical interaction region and a conical entry taper are calculated using four initial conditions. The observed transition from amplification to oscillation in a reflected wave amplifier can be understood by considering the ω–k diagram for the system. This behaviour suggests a general condition for stability of this type of amplifier.


[NM 160358]. To an early 15th century tower-house was added a courtyard enclosed by a crenellated curtain-wall and containing a single-storey hall. Major alterations in the late 16th and 17th centuries included the construction of an artillery defence, and in the later 17th century the hall was replaced by a three-storeyed dwelling-house. The same designer may have been responsible for the initial lay-out of both Breachacha and Kiessiemul on Barra. Cattle and sheep bones underline the argument against the "autumn killing" myth. Hebridean Craggan ware was the only pottery used until the importation of wheel-made wares began at the end of the 16th century. Abandonment came c 1750. A R


Abstract Tragedies are encountered and experienced by almost everyone. While many give in to the tragic times, there is a recent trend of women who choose to travel solo after encountering tragedies. Drawing on Horowitz's stage model of reschematization, Tedeschi and Calhoun's posttraumatic growth model, and Iso Ahola's theory of travel motivation, this research explores what motivates women to travel after tragedy and how it helps them in coping with trauma. The phenomenological study based on interviews with twelve women travelers suggests four themes: family trust and support; fighting the fright; need for self-reflection, restoration, and growth; and financial independence. Implications and future research agenda are also discussed.


In my bachelor thesis, which is called Sentencing to liberty Deprivation, I decided to focus on the concept of freedom deprivation, it's brief history, nature, function, and meaning of this concept in society. The purpose of work is a complex look at the issue of sentencing , from its beginning to present, with a remittance on new trends and a goal to guide the general Public to a deeper understanding of the issue. The bachelor thesis is divided into four chapters and a variety of subchapters. The first chapter is focused on historical development of a sentence and sentencing, it then further deals with punishment systems and finally describes said sentence of liberty deprivation. The second chapter is the legal definition of sentencing conditions for various types of sentences according to current valid legal state of Slovak Republic. The third chapter is dedicated to life sentences. The last, fourth chapter describes conditions for sentencing adolescents definition of the term adolescent and institute to waiver and suspend the imprisonment of adolescent offenders.


Objectives: To determine the prevailing emotional intelligence levels in students from the Nursing Faculty, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Peru in 2013. Methods: Prospective descriptive method was used. A total of 195 16-30 year old students were assessed in the faculty. For data collection, the BarOn Emotional Inventory and the emotional coefficient inventory (ICE) which allow to know the emotional intelligence were applied. Results: The emotional intelligence general levels were determined, being the "right" emotional capacity or average at 49 % followed by a "below average" and "very low" emotional capacity with 36 % and 11 % respectively. According to the components, intrapersonal, presents an adequate emotional capacity of 83 %, the highest one, followed by interpersonal at 55 % and the mood at 54 %, who had adequate or average emotional intelligence, students with low emotional capacity below average were in the adaptability component at 53 %, stress management at 42 %. Regarding to men, the interpersonal and stress management components at 56 % and 39 % below average; women in the adaptability and stress management components at 54 % and 44 % have emotional capacity below average. Conclusions: The emotional intelligence general components, adaptability and stress management, presents risk levels and they should be improved as well as the interpersonal emotional intelligence in men. No significant differences between men and women in the general emotional intelligence were found.


Abstract A convergence analysis is performed for a recursive prediction error algorithm discretised using the midpoint integration method. Several conditions are formulated such that the stability of an associated differential equation can be tied to the local and global convergence properties of the algorithm. This shows that convergence to the true parameters is possible. The theoretical analysis of this paper is complemented by numerical example.


The reactivity worth of a central void region in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) unmoderated and unreflected uranium (93.20 wt% {sup 235}U) metal sphere was obtained by replacement measurements in a small (0.460-cm-diam) central spherical region in this 3.4420-in.-radius sphere. The measured central void region worth was 9.165 {+-} 0.023 {cents} using the delayed neutron parameters of Keepin, Wimett, and Zeigler to obtain the reactivity from the measured stable reactor periods. This value is slightly larger than measurements for GODIVA I with larger cylindrical samples of uranium (93.70 wt% {sup 235}U) in the center: 135.50 {+-} 0.12 {cents}/mol for GODIVA I and 138.05 {+-} 0.34 {cents}/mol for the ORNL sphere measurements. The difference could be due to sample size effect. The central worth was also calculated by neutron transport theory methods to be 6.02 {+-} 0.01 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} {Delta}k. The measured and calculated values are related by the effective delayed neutron fraction. The value of the effective delayed neutron fraction obtained in this way from the ORNL sphere is 0.00657 {+-} 0.00002, which is in excellent agreement with that obtained from GODIVA I measurements, where the effective delayed neutron fraction was determined as the increment between delayed andmore » prompt criticality and was 0.0066. From these ORNL measurements, using the delayed neutron parameters of ENDF-B/VI to obtain the reactivity from the stable reactor period measurements, the central void worth is 7.984 {+-} 0.021 {cents}, and the inferred effective delayed neutron fraction is 0.00754. These values are 14.2% higher than those obtained from use of the Keepin, Wimett, and Zeigler delayed neutron data and produce a value of effective delayed neutron fraction in disagreement with GODIVA I measurements, thus questioning the usefulness of the six-group delayed neutron parameters (fast fission) of uranium from ENDF-B/VI for obtaining the reactivity from the measured reactor period using the Inhour equation.« less


Detailed knowledge of the biotransformation of ethanol to active and inactive metabolites and of the individual variation in the enzymatic steps involved is desperately needed. Understanding of the disposition of the agent is essential for characterization of both the acute and tolerant states and of the relationship between alcohol use and addiction. If a hereditary factor in alcoholism is to be established, a likely place to look is the enzymes governing alcohol metabolism. Vesell reports a straightforward twin study of the metabolism of ethanol in normal human volunteers. Rates of elimination of ethanol from the blood vary between individuals, but the intrapair variance is so much smaller for monozygotic (identical) twins than for dizygotic (fraternal) like-sex twins that high estimates of heritability were obtained. It is not known whether the site of genetic control is liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or some other step in the handling of ethanol. In a complementary investigation, Vesell and his colleagues tried to influence the rate of ethanol metabolism in six prisoners by administration of ethanol daily for 21 days. No consistent change occurred, though individuals may differ in their response to such chronic ingestion of alcohol. To many pharmacologists familiar with the numerous environmental factors capable of altering rates of drug metabolism in laboratory animals, the extent of genetic control over drug metabolism in man has been a surprising finding. Since the Conference, another interesting paper on ethanol metabolism has appeared. Fenna and his team of coinvestigators in Canada investigated the unverified impression of police officers that Eskimos and Canadian Indians take longer to "sober up" than do whites in the same jails. Rates of ethanol disappearance from the blood were significantly lower in the "natives" than in the Caucasian group, although equivalent amounts of alcohol per unit of body weight were required to achieve intoxicating blood levels. WOW found ethnic differences in vascular reactivity to ingested alcohol. Japanese, Taiwanese, and Korean (Mongoloid) adults and infants responded with marked facial flushing, mild symptoms of intoxication, and increased pulse pressure to doses of alcohol that had little or no effect on Caucasian adults and infants. The effects were quantitated by measuring blood flow in the ear lobe. These differences in reactivity of the autonomic nervous system may be genetically determined. Such ethnic differences in metabolism and nervous system responses have social significance and may be useful clues to scientific studies. Unfortunately, the enzymes mediating ethanol biotransformation are not detectable in such accessible tissues as blood or skin fibroblasts. However, data presented from autopsy studies of alcohol dehydrogenase of human liver and stomach and of aldehyde/dehydrogenase from liver biopsies of rats indicate possible sources of individual variation. Murray describes a maturational progression of isoenzymes of liver ADH, with appearance of new bands in starch gel electrophoresis during late fetal life, in early childhood, and at the time of puberty. Two common phenotypes were found among the adults sampled, and other variants may exist. The relationships between these bands, the functional differences in their substrate specificity and kinetics, and the basis of the maturational transitions are all unknown at present.


The lunar module display and control subsystem equipment is described with emphasis on major problems and their solutions. Included in the discussion of each item is a description of what the item does and how the item is constructed. The development, hardware history, and testing for each item are also presented.


Summary The 'BCG hypothesis' suggests that the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis limits the severity of COVID-19. We exploit the differential vaccination practices of East Germany and West Germany prior to reunification to test this hypothesis. Using a difference in regression discontinuities (RD-DD) design centred on the end of universal vaccination in the West, we find that differences in COVID-19 severity across cohorts in the East and West are insignificant or have the wrong sign. We document a sharp cross-sectional discontinuity in the severity of the disease, which we attribute to limited mobility across the long-gone border and which disappears when we control for social connectedness. Case and death data after the end of the first lockdown on 26 April does not display a discontinuity at the former border, suggesting that mobility (as opposed to BCG vaccination) played a major role during the initial outbreak.


A fundamental challenge for South Africa is to move its economy onto a labor-demanding path of growth that has the potential to progressively reduce poverty and the deep social and racial inequalities that are the legacy of apartheid. As a middle income developing country with a relatively large manufacturing share of GDP, the manufacturing sector is virtually certain to play a central role in any successful economic transformation. So the central focus of this paper is on the degree to which South Africa's manufacturing sector has the potential to move onto a dynamically efficient labor-demanding growth path, and on the kind of industrial policy reforms that might be required to realize that potential. The paper comprises an empirical review of the evolution of South African manufacturing, and the impact of trade policy on that evolution. The review highlights the relations between the progressive increase in manufacturing capital-intensity, trade policy, and the inward-orientation of the sector. The results of two subsectoral case studies are presented: 1) garments/textiles to gain some disaggregated insight into both the impact of policy and the potential for expansion of a labor-intensive subsector; and 2) a segment of the petrochemicals industry to gain some disaggregated insight into the evolution and long-run competitive potential of a capital-intensive subsector of industry. Finally, the paper summarizes some of the lessons of the analysis, identifies gaps in knowledge that need to be filled, and offers some preliminary thoughts on how South African industrial policy might be reformed.


Influences of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of new bainite drill steel were studied with observation of metallographs and performance test of the steel.The results show that the new bainite drill steel has better strength and toughness,and hardenability treated in different cooling medium after austenitization.The test steel has best strength and toughness after austenitized at 900 ℃ with air cooling and tempering at 300 ℃.The temper brittleness appears at 500 ℃,which is related to the decomposed carbides from bainite ferrite and retained austenite.The optimum heat treatment process and applications for the bainite drill steel were put forward.


Background  Colorectal cancer has the highest incidence of all malignant tumours in men and women in Israel. The public was introduced to the concept of screening in the early 1980s, and full programs began in 1983.


Experimental study was conducted to investigate fluidelastic instability in finned tube bundles with normal and parallel triangular arrays. Three arrays of each geometry type were studied experimentally: two arrays with serrated, helically wound finned tubes of different fin densities, and a bare tube array with the same base diameter as the finned tubes. The finned tubes under consideration were commercial finned tubes typically used in the fossil and process industries. For the purpose of the present investigation, the concept of "effective diameter" of a finned tube, as used to predict the vortex shedding, was used to compare the finned tube results with the existing bare tube world data and some theoretical predictions for fluidelastic instability. The finned tube arrays in this study have the same tube pitch and have been scaled to have the same mass ratio and tuned to have the same natural frequency. A low speed wind tunnel, Betz micro manometer and HP 35670a dynamic signal analyzer were employed to conduct the experiments. Experimental results for the triangular arrays show that the fin's structure strongly influences the fluidelastic stability of finned tube bundles and the fin pitch is demonstrated to reduce the difference in the fluidelastic instability between the tube arrangements as the fin density increases. The results also suggest that there might be an optimum fin pitch value at which the threshold reduced velocity for a finned tube array is much higher than the one for its corresponding bare tube array, due to the influence of fin geometry. In the appendix, an analytical model produces a new correlation of critical reduced velocity


Due to the outstanding of the problems related to software trustworthiness, software trustworthiness evaluation has become a research focus area in recent years. In this paper, based on the analysis of the intension of software trustworthiness, we analyze the complexity and the dynamic evolutionary process of software trustworthiness, and propose a classification evaluation model for software trustworthiness which reproduces the software trustworthiness's evolutionary process to evaluate software's trustworthiness level. The model defines the software trustworthiness attribute model and the classification levels, analyses the intrinsic and extrinsic evolutionary relations between users' trustworthiness expectation, trustworthiness attribute, trustworthiness index, trustworthiness evidence and trustworthiness level, and establishes an effective reference model for finding software trustworthiness index, the trustworthiness evidence, and their relationships. Thus, the classification evaluation model for software trustworthiness provides an effective and convenient method for software trustworthiness evaluation. As a spin-off, a multi-dimensional and multi-scale trustworthiness evaluation index system for software of the same type is established in a XML database so as to guide trustworthiness evaluation for other software of the same type.


People need to choose from a wide range of foods on a daily basis to meet their nutritional requirements (1). Consumption of different foods may yield both desirable and undesirable health effects (2). In light of recent studies showing an association between consumption of unprocessed red meat and processed meat and adverse health consequences, including increased risk for cancer (3), all-cause (4) and cardiovascular mortality (5), and stroke (6), dietary guidelines have generally endorsed limiting meat intake (79). However, these guidelines have neglected to identify and incorporate their target populations' values and preferences on meat consumption (1013), which are major influences on what foods people eat (1416). Understanding people's health-related values and preferences on meat consumption may improve the trustworthiness of dietary recommendations (17). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review addressing people's health-related values and preferences on meat consumption. This review was done as part of Nutritional Recommendations and Accessible Evidence Summaries Composed of Systematic Reviews (NutriRECS), an initiative that aims to develop trustworthy nutritional recommendations (18). We performed 4 parallel systematic reviews addressing the following: experimental (19) and observational evidence (20) on the effect of red and processed meat on cancer and cardiometabolic outcomes, observational studies on the effect of red and processed meat on cancer outcomes (21), and the effect of varying red and processed meat dietary patterns on cardiometabolic and cancer outcomes (22). On the basis of these reviews, we developed recommendations for red and processed meat and health outcomes (23). Methods We registered the protocol with PROSPERO (CRD42018088854) (24) and adhered to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement (25). Data Sources and Searches We designed and conducted a search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Ovid), Web of Science (Institute for Scientific Information), Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences Abstracts (via CABI), International System for Agricultural Science and Technology, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts from inception to July 2018, and an updated search of MEDLINE and EMBASE through June 2019. We combined search terms related to meat consumption, consumer behavior, and values and preferences with the controlled vocabulary from each database. We did not restrict our search by publication status, language, or date of publication (Supplement Table 1). We also reviewed reference lists of the included articles and relevant systematic reviews. Supplement. Supplementary Material* Study Selection We included studies exploring health-related values and preferences on meat consumption if more than 80% of participants were adults (aged 18 years). We considered quantitative (that is, cross-sectional design), qualitative (that is, participant interviews, focus groups), and mixed-methods studies. If studies did not report the participants' ages, we assumed that more than 80% were aged 18 years or older. We included only studies done in Europe, Australia, Canada, the United States, and New Zealand because we considered them to be homogeneous countries reflecting similar socioeconomic characteristics and values. We excluded studies that focused on meat alternatives (for example, cultured, in vitro, functional products, or genetically modified), types (for example, organic), quality (composition, sensory quality or palatability factors, or origin), safety (for example, food handling, chemical hazards or contamination, or storing or preserving), industry (for example, market research to inform or meet consumers' demands), consumption trends, and specific populations (for example, cancer survivors or pregnant women). Before beginning each aspect of the review process, we conducted calibration exercises in which reviewers assessed the same articles and discussed any disagreement, leading to a clarification and a common understanding of criteria and process. After calibration, teams of 2 reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts of all retrieved references. Subsequently, teams of 2 reviewers independently reviewed the full text of articles deemed potentially eligible during title and abstract screening. In cases of disagreement, reviewers reached consensus with assistance from a third reviewer. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment We used 2 ad hoc data extraction forms for quantitative and qualitative research (Supplement Tables 2 and 3). After calibration exercises similar to the ones described earlier, teams of reviewers independently abstracted information from each study, including study identification, objectives or research questions, population characteristics, design and methods, risk of bias or methodological limitations, and findings. In cases of disagreement, reviewers reached consensus with assistance from a third reviewer. For quantitative studies, we used an adapted version of the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to assess risk of bias of studies on importance of outcomes or values and preferences (26). We considered 5 items grouped in 3 domains: selection of participants, missing outcome data, and measurement instruments' validity. We rated studies as having high risk of bias if the measurement instrument was not validated or was unclear, and as having moderate risk if it was validated but 2 or more items had high risk of bias. For qualitative studies, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative research checklist, which consists of the following items: aim of the research, qualitative methodology appropriateness, research design, appropriate recruitment strategy, data collection, investigator and participants' relationship, ethical issues, data analysis, findings, and value of the research (27). We rated studies as having serious methodological limitations if more than 2 items had serious concerns and as having moderate methodological limitations if they had 2 items with serious concerns. Reviewers independently assessed risk of bias or methodological limitations. In cases of disagreement, reviewers reached consensus with assistance from a third reviewer. Data Synthesis and Analysis We synthesized results from studies using a 4-step approach that involved simultaneous quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. First, we selected 2 to 3 eligible articles per study design, identified key themes, and coded them in categories. Second, we used these categories to design ad hoc data extraction forms. Third, using an iterative process, we compared the key themes of the categories identified across all studies and developed analytic themes. Fourth, we applied the critical meta-narrative synthesis to transform the quantitative data into qualitative data (28, 29). For the last step, we used 4 systematic profiles and several critical questions to extract the identified narratives and to guide our synthesis of data (Supplement Table 4). We synthesized and narratively reported the findings according to participants' meat consumption. We defined those who consumed meat as omnivores and analyzed them separately from persons who typically avoided meat, whom we defined as vegetarians, including lacto-ovo vegetarians or low-meat consumers. For quantitative studies, we assessed the certainty of evidence for each review finding according to GRADE domains (risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, and publication bias) (30, 31). For qualitative studies, we assessed the certainty of evidence according to GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) domains (methodological limitations, relevance, coherence, and adequacy) (32). Findings were initially considered as high certainty and were downgraded (from high to very low) by 1 or more levels if serious or several minor or moderate concerns were detected in 1 or more domains. Role of the Funding Source The study received no funding. Results The search yielded 19172 articles, of which 456 were deemed potentially eligible on the basis of title and abstract. We excluded 402 studies (Supplement Table 5). After full-text appraisal, we included 41 quantitative (3373) and 13 qualitative studies (7486). The Figure presents the flow diagram with the search results and selection of studies. Figure. Evidence search and selection. AGRIS = International System for Agricultural Science and Technology; CAB = Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences; FSTA = Food Science and Technology Abstracts. Study Characteristics Table 1 presents the characteristics of the 54 included studies. Of the 41 quantitative studies, 21 were done in Europe, 11 in the United States, 7 in Australia, 1 in Canada, and 1 in New Zealand. Eighteen studies were done between 1988 and 2009, and 23 were done between 2011 and 2019. Of the 13 qualitative studies, 7 were done in Europe, 3 in the United States, and 3 in Australia. Six were done between 1991 and 2010, and 7 were done between 2011 and 2018. The number of participants ranged from 100 to 22935 (aged 18 to >65 years) in the quantitative studies and from 19 to 460 (aged 16 to >75 years) in the qualitative studies. Among the included studies, 41 reported data on meat in general, 6 reported data on both meat in general and red meat, and 7 reported data on red meat only. Table 1. Characteristics of the Included Studies Table 1Continued Findings We identified 2 main themes: reasons for meat consumption (38 quantitative [62963 participants] and 10 qualitative [419 participants]) and willingness to reduce meat consumption in the face of undesirable health effects (5 quantitative [8983 participants] and 4 qualitative [616 participants]). Table 2 shows the main findings and their certainty (Supplement Tables 6 and 7). Of the quantitative studies, 23 of 38


Development of irrigation technologies and agricultural water management systems holds significant potential to improve productivity and reduce vulnerability to climate change. Our study dealt with the behavior of irrigation water productivity, partial nutrient balance and grain yield of wheat under the application of different irrigation water management technologies in the Koga irrigation scheme in Ethiopia. For our analysis, we considered three nutrient fluxes entering and leaving farmers' fields. Our experimental design had three irrigation blocks with three different irrigation water management practices (wetting front detector, Chameleon soil moisture sensor and farmers' practice as control) on three farm plots replicated in each block. To calculate irrigation water productivity and grain yield of wheat, the amount of irrigation water applied and the agronomic attributes of wheat yield were recorded during the irrigation period. Further, three input and output variables were considered to determine the partial nutrient balances of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The results showed that the amount of irrigation water used was 33% and 22% less with a wetting front detector and Chameleon sensors, respectively, compared to the farmers' practice. The wetting front detector (WFD) and Chameleon sensor (CHS) treatments gave a 20% and 15.8% grain yield increment, respectively, compared to the farmers' practice plot. The partial nutrient balances of N and K were negative for the wetting front detector and chameleon sensor practices while it was positive for P in the control (farmers' practice) treatment. We conclude that irrigation water management with appropriate technologies can improve yield, water productivity and the nutrient utilization. However, further research needs to be conducted on the suitability of irrigation management technologies to achieve full nutrient balance.


This study was developed to evaluate the effect of the digestible valine:lysine ratio (dig Val:Lys) in the diet of1 to 14-d-old broilers on performance, feathering, diameter and profile of muscle fibers. A total of 1,080 1-d-old Cobb 500 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatmentsand six replicates of 36 birds each. Treatments consisted of different dietary ratios of dig Val:Lys (66, 71, 76,81 and 86 %) in the period between 1 and 14 d of age. The dig Val:Lys ratio did not influence (P>0.05) birdperformance. Nevertheless, there was a positive linear effect (P 0.05) by the treatments. It was concluded that a Val:Lys ratio of 66 % is sufficient to maximizethe performance of broilers from 1 to 14 d of age; however, a higher dig Val:Lys ratio (76 %) is needed tomaximize muscle fiber growth


In his text book entitled, Principles of Environmental Geochemistry, Nelson Eby, (2004) states that "environmental geochemistry involves an understanding of how natural systems work and the human impact on these systems". He also states that the combination of both natural process and anthropogenic activities need to be investigated if environmental problems are to be understood and solved. Many of the major challenges facing humanity today involve the application of environmental geochemistry. These include water quantity and quality issues, the impact of agricultural management practices, such as fertilizer application and soil erosion, the ramifications of human perturbations on the carbon cycle, including all the impacts of a warming climate, the exchange of chemicals among all the surface reservoirs of the planet (crust, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere), and the relationship of chemical cycling on ecosystem and human health. Increased population growth, urbanization, landscape modification, and the association of chemical changes with these activities have severely affected the geochemistry of Earth's surface reservoirs and have led to the realization that the consequences of these activities degrade sustainability of human survival. Environmental geochemistry is fundamentally interdisciplinary, as a knowledge of both earth and environmental sciences is needed, along with a strong underpinning in basic chemistry. As Eby has correctly stated, the need to study the impact and relationship of human behavior on natural processes, and vice versa, encapsulates the discipline of environmental geochemistry and in my view supports the justification of this Section within the overall major discipline of geochemistry. Thus, the first Grand Challenge of Environmental Geochemistry is to promote and encourage environmental geochemistry as a topic unto its own. As RobMason pointed out in his Specialty Grand Challenge for Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry-Inorganic Pollutants, there are many journals that publish a wide range of papers with an environmental chemistry focus (Mason, 2020), but what about environmental science from an earth sciences perspective? I recently scanned through the research articles published in 2020 in two of the most highly valued geochemistry journals, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta and Chemical Geology, and I roughly estimated only a very small number (<5%) dealt with anthropogenic topics or environments. In my view, a specialized venue for environmental geochemical science is clearly missing, because it is estimated that by 2050 the human population will grow to 10 billion people (United Nations, 2017), and a USNational Research Council report stated that "even identifying 'natural' landscapes on the planet is now difficult" (NRC, 2010). This same report asked questions about the long-term legacy of human impacts on Earth's surface environments and acknowledged the need to address future environment impacts on Earth under the guise of coupled human-landscape dynamics. Although this report was directly aimed a geomorphic and Earth surface process, the same arguments could be made for the geochemical aspects and dynamics of the Earth's critical zone and biogeochemical cycles. Not only have humans surpassed nature as the most OPEN ACCESS


Early detection of symptoms and prompt diagnosis of ovarian cancer are considered important avenues for improving patient experiences and outcomes.


Based on the fact that collapse of tunnel lining structure and surrounding rock is often caused by earthquake wave in different directions,and the maximum failure degree is unknown in the unspecified directions,and taking the Tianjian wave as earthquake wave,the dynamic response of large cross section tunnels were investigated,where the directions of earthquake wave were horizontal,vertical and inclined at 45°respectively.The displacement,velocity,acceleration and stress in lining structure were presented at the key locations of arch top,lateral wall,wall corner and arch bottom.The results show that the horizontal displacement,horizontal velocity and horizontal acceleration for the direction 45°earthquake wave are 0.25 mm,1.84 mm/s and 15.4 mm/s2,respectively,and that vertical displacement,vertical velocity and vertical acceleration for the direction 45°earthquake wave are 3.39 mm,13.75 mm/s and 99 mm/s2,respectively.The results are greater than those of the other wave directions.The work is helpful for design and construction of single arch tunnel with four lanes in earthquake zones.


We perform an explicit computation of the effective action for a few zero-dimensional Euclidean field theories in which the bare action exhibits several (or infinitely many) minima. In all cases the effective action is well-defined for all field values, as well as purely concave, in contrast to the bare action. We give arguments against the validity of the naive perturbative approach, which would lead to spontaneous symmetry breaking.


Using a dynamical microeconomic model which generalizes the classical theory of adjustment to include finite asset base and trend-based investment preference, we develop a foundation for the technical analyis (or charting) of securities. The mathematically complete system of (deterministic) ordinary differential equations that has provided a quantitative explanation of the laboratory bubbles experiments generates a broad spectrum of patterns that are used by practitioners of technical analysis. The origins of many of these patterns are classified as (i) those that can be generated by the activities of a single group, and (ii) those that can be generated by the presence of two or more groups with asymmetric information. Examples of (i) include the head and shoulders, double tops, rising wedge while (ii) includes pennants and symmetric triangles. The system of differential equations is easily generalized to stochastic ODE'S. Application is also made to Japanese candlestick analysis.


Abstract Socks' comfort has vast implications in our everyday living. This importance increased when we have undergone an effort of low or high activity. It causes the perspiration of our bodies at different rates. In this study, plain socks with different fiber composition were wetted to a saturated level. Then after successive intervals of conditioning, these socks are characterized by thermal resistance in wet state at different moisture levels. Theoretical thermal resistance is predicted using combined filling coefficients and thermal conductivity of wet polymers instead of dry polymer (fiber) in different models. By this modification, these mathematical models can predict thermal resistance at different moisture levels. Furthermore, predicted thermal resistance has reason able correlation with experimental results in both dry (laboratory conditions moisture) and wet states.


This article reviews what current research says about the effectiveness of the Comprehension Hypothesis. Drawing insights from the research under review, it then argues that despite the presence of other competing hypothesis (most notably, the Skill Building Hypothesis, the Output Hypothesis and, the Interaction Hypothesis), the Comprehension Hypothesis still stands as the most powerful means for facilitating the acquisition of literacy skills. The article also argues that the specific form of the Comprehension Hypothesis, namely the Reading Hypothesis, is more than sufficient to help learners become autonomous acquirers, the eventual goal of the second language acquisition theory. The article concludes by discussing the implications of the research for the teaching of writing.


A large (n2 ~ 10-13 - 10-14 m2/W) and fast (less than 16 ps) third-order optical susceptibilities has recently been identified in semiconductor doped glasses. Low-loss channel waveguides have been made in these glasses and have been used in the fabrication of integrated nonlinear optical devices such as the nonlinear coherent coupler which may be able to operate as an all-optical logic gate.


—Spatial analysis techniques are widely used as an effective approach for prone road traffic accident classification. This paper will present the results of empirical behavioral testing on the spatial analysis for prone road traffic accident classification using the Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) method. The performance of MCDM is compared on arterial and collector road types processed with multicriteria parameters. MCDM was chosen because it can be used as a decision making based on an alternative selection with many criteria. Empirical tests of the MCDM method used include Weighted Sum Model (WSM), Weighted Product (WP), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Weighted Product Model (WPM), Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), Technique for Others Reference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The multicriteria parameter weight values are based on expert judgment and the Fuzzy-AHP method (EJ-AHP), which comprises volume-to-capacity ratio (VCR), international roughness index (IRI), vehicle type, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, design speed, and shoulder. Then, the performance of the models was compared to determine the value of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score as decision-making on the prone road traffic accident classification using Multicriteria Evaluation Techniques (MCE). The empirical test results on arterial roads show that the SAW and TOPSIS methods have the same performance and are superior to other methods, with an accuracy value of 63%. However, the results on the collector road type show that the accuracy value of the AHP method outperforms other methods with an accuracy value of 70%.


Labour non-governmental organisations' (NGOs) role in the reconstruction of Indonesia's organised labour movement has been widely acknowledged. They are not, however, generally recognised as a legitimate part of that movement. This paper uses the Indonesian case to demonstrate how the existing scholarly literature has failed to consider labour NGOs as a form of labour organisation in their own right because they do not fit within practitioners' and scholars' definitions of what is, and is not, a legitimate industrial relations actor.


Prescribed burning is used in West Virginia, USA to return the important disturbance process of fire to oak and oak-pine forests. Species composition and structure are often the main goals for re-establishing fire with less emphasis on fuel reduction or reducing catastrophic wildfire. In planning prescribed fires land managers could benefit from the ability to predict mortality to overstory trees. In this study, wildfires and prescribed fires in West Virginia were examined to determine if specific landscape and terrain characteristics were associated with patches of high/moderate post-fire change. Using the ensemble machine learning approach of Random Forest, we determined that linear aspect was the most important variable associated with high/moderate post-fire change patches, followed by hillshade, aspect as class, heat load index, slope/aspect ratio (sine transformed), average roughness, and slope in degrees. These findings were then applied to a statewide spatial model for predicting post-fire change. Our results will help land managers contemplating the use of prescribed fire to spatially target landscape planning and restoration sites and better estimate potential post-fire effects.


The objective was to analyze the process of administrative planning of communal councils of the parish San Rafael on Mara municipal in Zulia State. The study was based on the authors Koontz and Weihrich (2013), Robbins and Coulter (2007), Hernandez and Pulido (2011), among others. The research was descriptive, non-experimental design, transactional and field. The population was six municipal councils and eighteen respondents. We used a survey whose questionnaire was fifteen items Likert scales and gained 0.83 reliability which indicates that it is very high. It concluded that in the communal councils of the municipality Mara belonging to the parish of San Rafael, the fulfillment of administrative planning is done with moderate frequency, since being ignored in their entirety all the elements that constitutes the process, such as the mission, policies, procedures, strategies and budget. Keywords : community council, administrative planning, process.


This research dealt with deviations or errors of morphosyntax of grammatical categories which consist of structural properties and distributional properties of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs made by the first semester English graduate students of State University of Padang (UNP) in writing their essays. It aimed at explaining what errors of morphosyntax of grammatical categories committed by those students in writing their essays. The subjects of this research were the first semester English graduate students of 2008/ 2009 academic year of UNP. There were 15 randomly selected students who took the course of Academic Writing as the subjects of the research. The instrument used was through a test with one administration where the lecturer asked the students to construct essays based on the topics given. The analysis of data was based on theories proposed by Payne (1997) describing morphosyntax, error analysis method by James (1998) and Scovel (2001). It was found out that deviations of morphosyntax of grammatical categories mostly occurred. First, in the misformation of verbs (54.45%) as a structural property that exhibits subject agreement and in the omission of verbs which serves as predicates of clauses as a distributional property. Second, in the misformation of nouns (32.07%) exhibiting number as structural property and in the omission of nouns as a distributional property which serves as heads of noun phrases. Third, in the misformation of adjective (8.33%) which exhibits predicative function; and fourth in the errors of omission suffix –ly in adverbs (5.05%) modifying verbs. The findings reveal that the use of correct morphosyntax of grammatical categories of the first semester English graduate students of 2008/ 2009 academic year of UNP in writing essays is low implication? Keywords/ phrases: Deviations, morphosyntax of grammatical categories, essays Lingua Didaktika Volume 3 Edisi 1 Tahun 3 Desember 2009 73 A. INTRODUCTION Among the four language skills (speaking, reading, listening and writing), writing is considered as the most difficult skill (Hogue, 2003). It demands a great deal of work and concentration. Good writing in English requires both good grammar and good organization. To apply correct grammar and organize our thoughts in ways that are familiar to native speakers are very difficult in writing. Native speakers are accustomed to seeing a long piece of writing divided into paragraphs; each paragraph discusses a single idea. They are also used to having information presented in a certain order, or order of importance. Writing is a process of creating, organizing, and polishing ideas which involves several subskills. Some of these are related to accuracy, i.e. using the correct forms of language or using good grammar to develop a more sophisticated writing style. Writing accurately involves spelling correctly, forming letter correctly, writing legibly, punctuating correctly, using correct layouts, choosing the right vocabulary, using grammar correctly, joining sentences correctly and using paragraphs correctly (Spratt, et.all, 2005). Furthermore, accuracy in writing is one aspect that should be paid attention by a writer. The accuracy in morphosyntax is a must to produce good writing. Accuracy of morphosyntax of grammatical categories is very indispensable since it will influence the meaning of what the writer wants to express in his writing. Considering the importance of that skill, English Language Education Section of Graduate Program of State University of Padang has prepared their students with writing courses; academic writing and thesis. In the learning process, the English graduate students (EFL learners), who are majoring in the language, potentially commit hundreds of thousands of language deviations in writing, but these errors gradually decrease and their writing ability gradually increases through exercises, training, and practicing in a set of lecture subjects, including direct or indirect correction by their peers and lecturers when they commit them. It is hoped that the higher they are in, the more the errors will decrease and the more their writing skill will increase. If they still make errors in oral communication, it does not matter as long as what they communicate can be understood by the people whom they speak to. Nevertheless, the deviations in morphosyntax of grammatical categories in writing essays are considered embarrassing because they are still relatively great in number and committed by the advanced EFL learners who are majoring in English, like the English graduate students of Language Education Section of Graduate Program of State University of Padang who have been learning English so long and are going to be teachers. To response those facts, the researcher was interested in analyzing more about English graduate students' morphosyntax of grammatical categories in writing their essays. It was assumed that they Lingua Didaktika Volume 3 Edisi 1 Tahun 3 Desember 2009 74 paid less attention to aspect of morphosyntax. They did not realize the benefit of proof-reading and peer-correction for errors they committed in writing. So that, the papers submitted to the lecturers were full of errors. In relation to that statement, the researcher was interested in investigating: 1. What errors of morphosyntax of nouns were found in the essays of academic writing course of the first semester English graduate students of State University of Padang registered in 2008/ 2009 academic year? 2. What errors of morphosyntax of verbs were found in the essays of academic writing course of the first semester English graduate students? 3. What errors of morphosyntax of adjectives were found in the essays of academic writing course of the first semester English graduate students? 4. What errors of morphosyntax of adverbs were found in the essays of academic writing course of the first semester English graduate students? It is hoped that the study would give contribution to EFL teaching and to those who are involved in teaching and learning process. To lecturers of academic writing, it would inform them about the level of their students' errors from morphosyntax which is a significant feature of the English grammar. In addition, the findings might be useful to the English graduate students and those who will do further research about other types of errors of morphosyntax. B. REVIEW OF THE RELATED


Multivariate methods have been widely used for revealing the structures of communities, and in this paper we explore one particular method, namely correspondence analysis (also called reciprocal averaging), for studying humus profiles by the 'method of small volumes'. The present study was done on humus profiles under holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia), an evergreen Mediterranean species, in the High Atlas of Morocco. Three sites (1500 m, 1700 m, 1900 m altitude) and 2 years (1999 and 2002) were compared. The humus form is Dysmull (mull with thick litter horizons), with variations in the thickness of the OL (entire leaves), OF (fragmented leaves with faecal pellets) and A (hemorganic) horizons according to altitude and year. The dead leaves are rapidly incorporated into holorganic (earthworm, insect) and hemorganic (enchytraeid) animal faeces, which form the bulk of the OF and A horizons. The S horizon (weathering parent rock) shows the greatest development of the root system. As altitude increases more fresh litter (OL) or more humified organic matter (OF, A) is accumulated. Variation from year to year is depicted by opposite differences in the amount of entire oak leaves and of dead roots. Humus components (classes) are used as active (main) variables, after standardization of their means and variances. The addition of numerous passive (additional) variables, standardized in the same way as active variables, enabled us to understand the influence of biological and climatic effects on the composition of humus profiles and soil trophic networks.


Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that makes patients incompetent to perform day-to-day activities due to their progressing mental illness. In addition to disturbances with thoughts, behavioral changes, and impaired cognitive functions, oro-systemic health also becomes compromised. Even though the population with schizophrenia is primarily made up of older people, little is known about this group's oral health treatment. The present review explores the relationship between oral healthcare and elderly patients with schizophrenia. Our literature search included databases, like PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, for appropriate and evidence-based information. Preventive and management strategies outlined in the included articles and future research perspectives in this field are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that looked at dental care and related characteristics in older schizophrenia patients. The findings highlight the necessity for targeted dental interventions to address the dental health challenges faced by this vulnerable population. Integrating dental health into the overall medical management of elderly individuals with schizophrenia is crucial. Although specific therapies remain limited, the emphasis is on preventive dentistry to reduce the occurrence and progression of oral diseases in this group.


The objective of the study was to determine the effects of isometric exercise on the diastolic function in patients with aortic stenosis without coronary lesion (group 1, G1, n = 9) and with coronary lesion (group 2, G2, n=11). Patients subjected to a cardiac catheterization performed isometric exercise until their heart rate increased in 32′9 % compared to baseline. The left ventricular systolic pressure, the +dP/dt m a x , and the end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured, and the time constant of pressure decay (tau, T) was calculated. The +dP/dt m a x increased in G1 and G2 during exercise, from a value of 1989′190 and 2428′220 mmHg/sec up to 2286′214 y 2661′230 mmHg/sec, respectively, returning afterwards to its baseline value. The LVEDP increased during exercise in G1 and G2 from a value of 30.1′2.7 and 26.5′2.2 mmHg up to 38.4′1.7 and 36.1′4.0 mmHg, respectively (p<0.05), returning to its baseline value only in G1. The tau (τ) increased during exercise in G1 and G2 from a value of 42.8′6.8 and 44.8′4.2 m/sec up to 55.3′9.2 and 60.4′5.9 msec respectively (p<0.05), and remained elevated after exercise in both groups although it was statistically significant only in G2. The isometric exercise decreases the relaxation rate and increases the LVEDP in patients with aortic stenosis and left ventricular hypertrophy. After exercise, relaxation remained altered In the group of patients with coronary lesion. Alteration in the lusitropism and the increase of LVEDP after exercise suggest the presence of myocardial stunning.


Neosporosis is a disease caused by an intracellular protozoon Neospora caninum and is one of the most important causes of bovine abortion. This study was undertaken to detect N. caninum seroprevalance in Erzurum, the largest province of Eastern Turkey using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A total of 385 cattle sera including 47 previously aborted cow sera of different ages and breed were collected between June and December 2009. The anti-N.caninum antibodies were tested by competitive ELISA kits. As a result, 41 of 385 (10.65%) cattle were found to be seropositive while this rate was 21.27% (10/47) in aborted cows.


This article searches for Dr B. R. Ambedkar (India's first Law Minister) in the pages of The Times of India (TOI; India's largest-selling English-language newspaper) from December 1956 to April 1990, that is, from Ambedkar's death to his receiving the Bharat Ratna. A lone soldier for his social and political causes, during his life and after his death, Ambedkar's afterlife has recently seen a total transformation in contemporary India. This article looks for Ambedkar before this turn by going through the pages of TOI over a period of thirty-four years, to trace both his representation in and resistance to it, before the current appropriation, on four key themes of religion (neo-Buddhism), region (Bombay/Maharashtra), caste (scheduled/backward) and class (lower-middle/political). Drawing upon 200+ items, the article presents the newspaper's expanding coverage of Ambedkar in Indian politics in a framework of continuum that reconciles its changes, by focussing on the regularity of these reports and analysing their periodicity. Taken together, these details allow us to see the slow switch in the status quo on Ambedkar's iconography, long before the present idolisation, and fill a political vacuum before his present veneration.


The fluorescence light, induced by showers of the extremely high energy cosmic rays, is produced through the excitation of, mainly, nitrogen molecules, atoms, and ions, in the atmosphere. The fluorescence telescopes of the Auger Project record this nitrogen radiation under the variable night sky optical noise (background radiation) and, therefore, the study of the latter is crucial. In this paper we present a parametrization of an experimental night sky background radiation spectrum that, to our knowledge, is being carried out for the first time, recorded in the range 3000–6000 Å. Although the parametrization described here refers to a particular spectrum, our results are generally applicable, and could be adapted to those prevailing in particular locations, where EAS fluorescence telescopes are operating if, in addition, the gradual time variations of the spectrum are taken into account. They could be useful in data analysis for the event reconstruction, during the operation of the fluorescence detector of the Auger Observatory, since they could be used for the experimental emulation of the optical noise. In addition, they could be used in the designing of air fluorescence observatory components, such as photomultipliers and their spectral sensitivity, as well as in the corresponding optical filters.


Purpose
The innovative mentality, it has been found that it is poorly addressed, which in turn does not provide clear delineations in academic literature. The innovative mentality is an opposition to the traditional innovative culture and that this is observed indirectly through the new forms of action of the younger generations. The purpose of this study aims to seek to provide answers by analyzing how the innovative mentality of leaders 40 years of age and under impacts the transformational or transactional leadership styles. Second, this research analyzes whether the leadership style used in the "40 Under 40" impacts an innovative organizational behavior that positively drives toward organizational success.

Design/methodology/approach
The partial least squares structural equations method (PLS-SEM) is used to analyze a set of hypotheses to 103 professionals awarded the 40 under 40 of Caribbean Business Magazine in Puerto Rico between 2012 and 2016. The unit of analysis were young professionals recognized as the "40 Under 40" by the Caribbean Business Magazine in Puerto Rico between 2012 and 2016.

Findings
The study results contribute a novel theory about a new style of leadership, based on innovative mentality as a central axis, when combining different leadership styles. The second study examined whether there are significant differences between male and female gender through the proposed research model. The results reflect when the organizational innovative behavior is analyzed, the transactional leadership role used by women is highlighted.

Originality/value
This study distinguishes the "40 Under 40" from other leaders and has allowed their enterprises to be successful is their innovative leadership style, which is executed through their innovative mentality.


This study aimed at determining concentration levels of essential elements (K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni) and non-essential elements (Pb, and Cd) present in leaves and flowers of Moringa stenopetala. Dry ash digestion method was deployed. The absorption intensity of the elements in Moringa stenopetala leaves and flowers were recorded by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Results indicate that the mean concentration of the elements in Moringa stenopetala leave samples are (in mg/kg): Ca (5,713.86 - 6621.14), K (27,587.10 - 28,315.40), Pb (0.73 - 0.81), Zn (41.17 - 47.00), Cd (0.05 - 0.83), Cu (2.41 - 4.74), Ni (0.54 - 0.80), Mn (26.75 - 26.92), Fe (61.05 - 65.30). Moreover, the mean concentration of the elements in Moringa stenopetala flower samples are (in mg/kg): Ca (2,796.97 - 3,028.67), K (28,358.30 - 36,008.60), Pb (0.54 - 0.68), Zn (24.48 - 30.66), Cd (ND - 0.03), Cu (1.83 - 4.69), Ni (0.53- 0.61), Mn (12.37- 14.52) and Fe (108.97 - 114.03). Results show that the levels of elements are higher in the leaves than in the flowers, except K. The levels of most elements analyzed in M. stenopetala plant samples of this study were compared well with those reported for different medicinal plants from some other parts of the world and standards set by FAO/WHO. Leaves of M. stenopetala, commonly consumed part in Southern Ethiopia, showed appreciable mineral contents and thus are good source of essential nutrients while toxic elements are found less than permissible limits set by FAO/WHO and are safe for human consumption.


The present investigation was undertal<en to obtain the thermodynamic properties of ion association reactions. The electrolytic conductances of copper(II) sulfate in water at the temperatures ranging from 50 to 450 C were measured in order to study the effect of temperature on ion association constants. The data were analyzed using Shedlovsl<y's method based on the Onsager's limiting law and ion association constants .KA, equivalent coductances at infinite dilution Ao were obtained. From the plot of logKA vs. 1/T over the whole temperature range following values obtained; dH==1.89 1<cal deg-i mol-i, dG=-3.22 kcal deg-t mol"i, dS = 17.1 cal mol-i at 250 C.