The measurement guidelines of Transportadora Brasileira Gasoduto Bolivia-Brasil – TBG, are intended to be ever-assisting to the client's needs and in line with natural gas market changes. In five years of corporative organization TBG has been familiar with the legislation of regulatory agencies as well as the institution of the contract inspector, which are important benchmarks in market progress. This paper presents the definitions that routed TBG's metrological course of action, which aims at satisfying its own needs plus the needs of its clients, as well as complying with the legislation requirements by using suitable tools in the response to each specific demand. The work embodies the calibration procedures, the qualification of suppliers, the upkeep of metrological reliability, daily totalization of the delivered volumes, failure treatment, as well as monitoring of unaccounted for gas and control thereof, all in line with the precise limits as accepted abroad.© 2004 ASME


The invention discloses a network quality evaluation method which has the advantages that preset subjective and objective neural networks in a server respectively use subjective and objective evaluation data to perform adaptive learning so as to obtain subjective and objective comprehensive evaluation data; the subjective and objective neural networks use the subjective and objective comprehensive evaluation data to perform resonance learning so as to influence the subjective and objective comprehensive evaluation data mutually, thereby obtaining a subjective and objective comprehensive evaluation structure; and the subjective and objective comprehensive evaluation structure is used for acquiring subjective and objective comprehensive evaluation data on the current network quality at a client-side. In the evaluation method, user perception for the network is introduced into the network quality evaluation, thus avoiding the phenomenon of lacking differentiation analysis on different network applications and different network overlay regions under the condition of only considering network performance indexes, realizing overall and comprehensive evaluation on the network quality, improving the evaluation accuracy, and providing a powerful basis for different network applications and user perception.


... if it is by constraint that the earth now remains where it is, also [by constraint] it [originally] came together, being carried to the middle by the vortex. (For this they all agree is the cause,2 arguing from what happens in liquids and in air, where the larger and the heavier things always travel to the middle of a vortex. Wherefore all those who generate the heaven [i.e., offer generative accounts of it] say the earth came together in the middle. Then they seek the cause of its remaining there. And some [e.g., Anaxagoras3] say, in the manner explained above, that its flatness and extent are the cause; others, like Empedocles, say that the motion of the heaven, revolving in a circle and going so fast, prevents motion of the earth, like the liquid in ladles; for when liquid is swung round in a circle in a ladle [by the long handle], it often comes below the bronze, yet does not fall down, as is its nature to do, for the same reason.)4


An industrial material used as an abrasive. It is also formed during cutting, sawing, drilling, and crushing of concrete, brick, block, rock, and stone products. Crystalline silica is classified as a human lung carcinogen and it can also cause silicosis.


Let V be the m × m upper-left corner of an n × n Haar-invariant unitary matrix. Let λ1, …, λm be the eigenvalues of V. We prove that the empirical distribution of a normalization of λ1, …, λm goes to the circular law, that is, the uniform distribution on {z∈C;|z|≤1} as m → ∞ with m/n → 0. We also prove that the empirical distribution of λ1, …, λm goes to the arc law, that is, the uniform distribution on {z∈C;|z|=1} as m/n → 1. These explain two observations by Życzkowski and Sommers (2000).


With the viewpoint of scientific research management,the significance of international cooperation and exchange is analyzed to encourage and lead scientific research personnel to apply for the project actively.It has briefly introduced the project classification and items that should be paid attention to and will make researcher prepare for striving and obtaining more international cooperation projects and participating in the international competition,and thus promoting discipline to grow up.


The attempt of the reconstruction of the biographical information as well as concert and creative activity of S. V. Rakhmaninov in the period of his stay in the towns of the Caucasus Mineral Waters is made on the basis of the archive documents. The atmosphere The Figurovs' musical salon where the composer was one of the characters is reconstructed


As a strong supplement of bulk power system, microgrid has become an important part of smart grid and has wide prospects in residential application. The increasing penetration of renewable energy and electric vehicles has bring numerous challenges to the stability of microgrid system. The stable and economic dispatch strategy plays a major role in the operation of such a distributed power system. This paper presents a robust economic dispatch strategy for residential microgrid. Considering the worst scenario of available wind power, this strategy schedules EV charging load, outputs of distributed generators for the sake of reducing operation cost under variable practical constrains such as power balance constrain, EV charging constrains and constrains of distributed generators. A charging time based grouping dispatch approach is proposed to schedule the charging of numerous electric vehicles. Numerical results show that the proposed dispatch strategy is robust and reliable.


In the UK, social workers employed in child protection services have in recent years been vilified by members of the public who were egged on by the media and politicians whenever there has been a child death. As indicated by the title of this book, social workers are blamed for the death of children, with a widely held view that every child death is preventable if social workers were to do their job properly. This narrative diminishes and threatens the professional identity of social workers. In many ways, the 'blame culture' in England commenced with the 1973 inquiry into the death of Maria Colwell (Butler & Drakeford, 2012). In this book, Leigh traverses this and other child death inquiries, such as Baby P, since that time (Jones, 2014). This background informs the study that follows. Leigh, as a social worker/child protection worker, set out to explore this issue by way of an observational study of her Department and of the colleagues with whom she worked. The study is framed by auto-ethnographic theoretical concepts that are used to understand how individual professional interactions are influenced by an organisational culture. An organisational culture which, in turn, is shaped by hostile media reporting and the allocation of blame to the Department by politicians for any child death. To add to this perspective, Leigh compared the UK agency situation with the situation in a child protection agency in Flanders (Belgium) using the same observational data collection process. She found that social workers in the UK child protection services grasp at defensive modes of practice, which Leigh illustrates by way of case examples. Defensive practice is about being risk averse and always covering your back by way of extensive recording. This approach to practice was the subject of negative comments byMunro (2011) who noted that child protection involves risk and that child protection services must take carefully balanced risks in order to providemuch needed services to vulnerable families. A 'no risk' approach would mean denying these families the needed services and result in the removal of a disproportionate number of children from parental care. But as Leigh shows in Flanders, child protection social workers are not vilified, and their professional identity is supported by the Flanders population. Consequently, defensive practice and back covering is less evident, and appropriate services can be provided to vulnerable families. This book has a similar tale to tell as that told by both Gibson (2019) and Warner (2015) from the UK and by Gainsborough (2010) from theUSA. These authors, like Leigh, paint a less than complementary picture about child welfare/child protection services. Reading the Leigh book caused me to ask the following question. Does the UK scenario reflect child protection services in Australia? I believe the answer from many long-term observers of these services, in all states and territories, would be a big YES.


Aspects covered are: traditional technologies for dehulling; characteristics of the grain; pre-milling treatment; design features of dehusking machine, and new technologies for dehulling pulses.


The Fengyun-4 satellite (FY-4) is a part of the new generation of the Chinese geostationary meteorological satellites program. The key indicators of the satellite include image navigation and registration (INR), which represent the absolute and relative spatial correspondence between the remote sensing image and the ground target. The most complicated factor affecting INR accuracy involves instrument deformation caused by changes in thermal and mechanical environments in orbit. In the letter, the distorted optical path of the 2-D scanning mechanism of instrument is modeled, and the compensation algorithm represented by two angles and seven equivalent parameters is discussed. In the modeling, more detail deformation is considered, the redundancy is reduced, and the stability of parameter identification is improved compared with another method typically used in American and European satellites. Furthermore, the study presents the processing of the equivalent parameter identification by sensing the image of crossing stars.


This thesis addresses modeling and active surge control of a simple compression system, using only the drive system of the compressor for actuation. Theoretical results are validated by experiments ...


Objective:To examine the myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs) in breast cancer tissues and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.Methods: Thirty-five breast cancer samples were obtained from Tianjin Cancer Hospital(from Feb.2009 to Dec.2009),and single cell suspensions were prepared.The proportions of MDSCs(Lin-CD33+CD13+CD14-CD15-)in breast cancer tissues were determined by flow cytometry.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of ER,PR,Her-2 proteins in the same tumor tissues.Then we analyzed the correlation of MDSCs ratio with clinical characteristics of breast cancer.Results: The MDSCs ratio in breast cancer tissues was correlated with the clinical stage and metastasis lymph node numbers in breast cancer patients,with the ratio in stage Ⅲ breast cancer patients([11.70±7.85]%) being significantly higher than that in stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ patients([5.32±4.59]%).Patients with more than 3 metastasis lymph nodes had a higher MDSCs ratio([10.97±7.87]%) than patients with less than 3 metastasis lymph nodes([5.86±5.26]%,P0.05).MDSCs ratio was not correlated with ages,pathologic types,tumor diameters,histological grades,or expressions of ER,PR and Her-2 of breast cancer patients(P0.05).Conclusion: The MDSCs ratio in breast cancer tissues is correlated with the clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer,and the increased MDSCs numbers may be an important reason of immune suppression in breast cancer patients.


Turning a tumor suppressor into a target Tumor-suppressor genes such as TP53 (tumor protein P53) play key roles in the pathogenesis of cancer but, unfortunately, they are difficult to target because they do not create an overactive protein that can be inhibited with a drug. Hsiue et al. discovered a way to target a cancer-associated mutant form of the p53 protein using the body's own immune system (see the Perspective by Weidanz). The authors identified a distinct fragment of this mutant protein, characterized the structural basis for its presentation to T cells, and designed a bispecific antibody to stimulate T cell killing of p53-mutant cancer cells. Science, this issue p. eabc8697; see also p. 996 An antibody-based immunotherapeutic agent targets a common TP53 cancer-driving mutation. INTRODUCTION TP53 (tumor protein P53), a tumor suppressor gene, is the most commonly mutated cancer-driver gene. Nevertheless, drugs that target mutant p53, the protein product, remain unavailable today, decades after the discovery of its critical role in cancer. Although drugs that inactivate proteins encoded by mutant oncogenes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or BRAF, are available, proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes are already inactivated through mutation. Reactivating such proteins by use of pharmacologic agents is very challenging. Thus, new approaches to target such inactivated proteins, including those encoded by TP53, are actively being sought. RATIONALE We attempted to develop an immunotherapeutic approach to target proteins encoded by a mutant TP53 gene. p53 is an intracellular protein, primarily located within the nucleus, thus out of reach for conventional antibody-based therapies. However, proteins are degraded into peptides by the proteasome, and a fraction of these peptides can be presented by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on the cell surface. This in principle makes it possible for suitably designed proteins to recognize peptide fragments of intracellular proteins when bound to HLA on the cell surface. The arginine-to-histidine substitution at codon 175 (R175H) is the most common TP53 mutation and is the most frequent mutation in any tumor suppressor gene. The peptide HMTEVVRHC (mutant amino acid underlined), derived from the p53R175H mutation, can bind to a particular HLA allele (HLA-A*02:01) and form a peptide-HLA complex on the cell surface. HLA-A*02:01 is the most frequent HLA-A type in the U.S. population. Thus, the p53R175H/HLA-A*02:01 complex is a particularly attractive therapeutic target, shared among many cancer patients. However, such neoantigen peptide-HLA complexes typically exist at low density on cell surfaces, and a potent therapeutic format will be required to achieve meaningful therapeutic effects. T cells can be activated in the presence of a very low number of antigens. We therefore attempted to generate a T cell–based therapy that links T cells to cancer cells through a newly developed antibody that specifically binds to the p53R175H peptide-HLA complex. RESULTS Using a large phage library that displays diverse antibody variable fragments, we identified H2, an antibody fragment that binds with high affinity to the p53R175H peptide-HLA complex but not to its wild-type counterpart. We converted H2 into a T cell–based immunotherapeutic agent—a bispecific single-chain diabody—by fusing it with an antibody fragment that binds to the T cell receptor–CD3 complex on T cells. This bispecific antibody binds to the p53R175H peptide-HLA complex with an affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) = 86 nM] higher than that typical for T cell receptors and redirects T cells to recognize cancer cells that express the complex. Despite a very low density of the peptide-HLA complex on the cell surface, as quantified with mass spectrometry, the bispecific antibody effectively activated T cells to secrete cytokines and kill target cancer cells. This killing was dependent on the expression of both the cognate HLA and particular TP53 mutation. The bispecific antibody also resulted in regression of human xenograft tumors in mice, both when treatment was initiated soon after tumor engraftment and when the tumors were already well established. Structure of the H2 antibody fragment with the p53R175H peptide-HLA complex showed that H2 formed a cage-like structure around the mutant amino acid (His175) and one adjacent amino acid (Arg174). The stability imparted by this cage provided the structural basis for the highly specific recognition of the mutant peptide-HLA complex by H2. CONCLUSION We developed an antibody-based therapeutic approach that targets a neoantigen derived from a common TP53 mutation in a highly specific fashion. It effectively activated T cells and lysed tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo despite the low antigen density on their surface. This approach could in theory be used to treat cancers containing other mutations that are difficult to target by conventional means. Mechanism of action of bispecific antibody H2-scDb. A mutant peptide containing the common TP53 mutation R175H can form a complex with HLA-A*02:01 on the tumor cell surface. H2-scDb, a bispecific antibody, binds to the p53R175H peptide-HLA complex with one arm and the T cell receptor complex with the other arm, activating T cells to kill tumor cells. CREDIT: E. COOK TP53 (tumor protein p53) is the most commonly mutated cancer driver gene, but drugs that target mutant tumor suppressor genes, such as TP53, are not yet available. Here, we describe the identification of an antibody highly specific to the most common TP53 mutation (R175H, in which arginine at position 175 is replaced with histidine) in complex with a common human leukocyte antigen–A (HLA-A) allele on the cell surface. We describe the structural basis of this specificity and its conversion into an immunotherapeutic agent: a bispecific single-chain diabody. Despite the extremely low p53 peptide-HLA complex density on the cancer cell surface, the bispecific antibody effectively activated T cells to lyse cancer cells that presented the neoantigen in vitro and in mice. This approach could in theory be used to target cancers containing mutations that are difficult to target in conventional ways.


The present invention provides a sintered soft magnetic powder molded body composition containing Fe, 44 ~ 50% by mass of Ni and 2 to 6% by mass of Si or contains, of Fe, 2 to 6 mass% of the composition constituted of Si , Si is unevenly distributed among particles.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to investigate the thermal degradation kinetics and thermodynamics of the calcium lactate pentahydrate (CLP) crystals by means of a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at four different heating rates from 25°C to 1000°C in N2 atmosphere. First, the CLP crystals were precipitated at pH 6 and 25°C in a batch-type crystallizer and the obtained crystals were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD result showed that the calcium l-lactate pentahydrate (L-CLP) was the only crystalline phase produced. Then, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor of thermal degradation were determined based on the Coats–Redfern, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Starink models. The degradation reaction order was determined as 1.5 by Coats-Redfern model. The average activation energy of the CLP was 34.7, 33.0, and 33.3 kJ/mol for the FWO, KAS, and Starink models, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters as changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were calculated depending on the conversion degree. Finally, TGA in combination with FTIR and mass spectrometer (MS) was utilised to detect the evolved gases during the degradation of CLP. H2O and CO2 were identified as the main evolved products. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Analyzing the existing logistics problem of workshop in XX CO.,Ltd..Make use of the facilities programming and principle of SLP within the logistics analysises,to produce the equipments of the spot layout and turnover the tool to carry on the rule and design afresh,make the workshop attain the logistics smooth,transport the route the most short,shorten to produce the period and lower the factor cost.


Research exploration of creativity potentially provides a clarification of the criteria for normal, highly adaptive, and pathological patient functioning. Very little controlled experimental research on creativity has, however, been carried out. This paper reports the results of two related experiments on a specific type of creative cognition named "homospatial thinking," which has been described in previous empirical research. Homospatial thinking consists of actively conceiving two or more discrete entities occupying the same space or spatial location, a conception leading to the articulation of new identities. Experimental conditions involved the production of literary metaphors in response to either superimposed or separated pairs of projected visual images by 89 writer subjects. In one experiment, two randomly selected groups of subjects were exposed to photographic slides containing the experimental superimposed and the control separated image pairs for a full period of 5 minutes for each metaphor to be produced. In the other experiment, two randomly selected subject groups were exposed to the same photographic slides for a period of only 2 minutes for each metaphor in order to assess the effect of mental work in the absence of the visual stimuli. Creativity of all metaphors produced by all subjects was independently rated by two literary judges. Results support the hypothesis that homospatial thinking is operative in creative production of literary metaphors. As metaphorical construction is paradigmatic for creative activities in a wide variety of areas, it is suggested that homospatial thinking operates widely in creativity. Because creativity is an important type of human adaptation, the results have pertinence to both psychiatric practice and theory.


In two-stage single-phase inverters, inherent double line frequency ripple is present at both input and output of the frontend converter. Generally large electrolytic capacitors are used to eliminate the double line frequency ripple. It is well known that the low frequency ripple shortens the lifespan of the capacitor hence the system reliability may get worse. In order to eliminate the double line frequency ripple additional hardware combined with an energy storage device is required in most of the methods developed so far. In this paper, a novel power-decoupling control method is proposed to eliminate the double line frequency ripple at the front-end converter of the DC /AC power conversion system. The proposed control algorithm is composed of two loops, a ripple compensation loop and an average voltage control loop, and no extra hardware is required. Since the proposed method does not require any information from the phase-locked-loop (PLL) of the inverter it is independent of the inverter control. In order to prove the validity and feasibility of the proposed algorithm a 5kW Dual Active Bridge DC/DC converter and a single-phase inverter are implemented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through the simulation and experimental results.


To tackle a challenging energy efficiency problem caused by the growing mobile Internet traffic, this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based green content task offloading scheme in cloud-edge-end cooperation networks. Specifically, we formulate the problem as a power minimization model, where requests arriving at a node for the same content can be aggregated in its queue and in-network caching is widely deployed in heterogeneous environments. A novel DRL algorithm is designed to minimize the power consumption by making collaborative caching and task offloading decisions in each slot on the basis of content request information in previous slots and current network state. Numerical results show that our proposed content task offloading model achieves better power efficiency than the existing popular counterparts in cloud-edge-end collaboration networks, and fast converges to the stable state.


As companies are more and more leveraging the power of machine learning (ML), ML models, the data they were trained on, and the training pipelines themselves, are becoming increasingly important assets. Hence, a new set of tools is being developed, which aim to help manage the ML model lifecycle in a more structured way. As the model lifecycle involves a lot of experimental back-and-forth, reproducibility is an important aspect that such tools need to provide. However, as model lifecycle management is an emerging field, only few best practices on how to support reproducibility exist. This led to a large variety of tools being developed that all have the same goal of providing reproducibility but with major differences in how this goal is achieved. As a result, users are overwhelmed with having to navigate this vast tooling landscape and having to choose a tool that best fits their needs. This is a difficult task as the reproducibility capabilities of different tools can vary and users need to determine themselves, what is supported and what functionalities would fit their specific use case. In this paper, our goal is to add structure to the process of deciding on a specific tool in terms of its reproducibility capabilities. We identify the most significant artifacts of the ML model lifecycle and, based on these, propose a generic classification framework that allows to assess the reproducibility capabilities of a specific tool and make it comparable to other tools. To evaluate our framework, we conduct an analysis of 12 popular ML lifecycle management tools. We study each tool in detail and classify it according to our framework. We then compare the tools to each other to determine what degree of reproducibility is provided in general and where reproducibility support is still lacking. While overall we find that the majority of tools offers most features that are required for full reproducibility, there still exist gaps in terms of automating reproducibility and cross-tool reproducibility. Based on these findings, we provide a set of research challenges which need to be addressed in order to better understand reproducibility and to fill the gaps of current systems.


A statistical method is proposed to analyze certain designs for program effect when no proper control group is present. It is shown that under certain 4 partially verifiable assumptions the data can be analyzed by standard analysis of variance techniques. If an assumption of no interaction is doubtful, then *a new statistic is proposed which is shown to have an asymptotic t distribution. The analysis is then carried out on some research data. Acce: io.: For NTIS CRA&J U a:.oUT:ce-d EQ Justification ,' ~\ DistribLtio Aviit,.iy cOides Dist A~ o A-I ___


Preface 1. Introduction: Design and Darwin in the Hindu Dharma Traditions Part 1: The Classical Background 2. Creationism and Evolutionism in the Ancient and Classical Traditions 3. Manifestation and Apparent Design in the Advaita Vedanta of Sankara 4. Theism and Atomistic Design in the Nyaya-Vaisenika of Udayana 5. Design Discounted in the Visistadvaita Vedanta of Ramanuja Part 2: The Colonial Period 6. Design and Darwin in the Colonial Period 7. The Vedantic Deism of Rammohan Roy 8. Design and the Intuitive Theism of Debendranath Tagore 9. Design and the Religious Evolutionism of Keshab Chandra Sen 10. The Modern Vedic Creationism of Dayananda Saraswati 11. The Modern Advaitic Evolutionism of Swami Vivekananda 12. The Integrative Evolutionism of Sri Aurobindo Ghose Part 3: The Post-Colonial Period 13. Design and Darwin in the Post-Colonial Period 14. Design and Darwin in the Contemporary Hindu World 15. Conclusion: What Role for Brahma?


The results of an investigation of a self-sustained subnanosecond discharge in nitrogen at a pressure of 6 atm are presented. A high voltage pulse with a front of approximately 770 ps at the level of 0.1–0.9 in amplitude was applied to the studied gas gap. In this case, the voltage rise rate in the discharge gap at the prebreakdown stage was 1.45 × 1014 V s−1. A breakdown occurs at the end of the front of the voltage pulse. The cathode geometry used provided a 3.3-fold enhancement of an electric field in the near-cathode spatial domain. It is shown that at the initial stage the discharge is of a volumetric form which turns into a spark form further. The discharge contraction starts from a cathode and an anode almost simultaneously. The propagation rate of ionization waves accompanying the spark channel development is 4.2 × 108 cm s−1. The initial volumetric form of the discharge is provided by preliminary ionization of a gas medium by runaway electrons. The generation of runaway electrons takes place in the enhanced electric field area formed near a microprotrusion on the cathode surface, while the macro-geometry of the discharge gap does not ensure enhancing of the electric field up to the value which is sufficient to the implementation of the runaway electron generation criterion. Numerical simulation of a formation process of the electron avalanche initiated by an electron field-emitted from the top of the cathode microprotrusion was carried out taking into account the motion of each electron in the avalanche. To simulate electron motion through the discharge gap, the 3D Monte-Carlo technique was employed. The following runaway electron parameters were calculated: characteristic runaway electron trajectories; runaway electron energy gained during the motion through the discharge gap; and times required for runaway electrons to reach the anode.


Abstract In support to the development of the Northern Aerosol Regional Climate Model, a single column model with explicit aerosol and cloud microphysics is described. It is designed specifically to investigate cloud–aerosol interactions in the Arctic. A total of 38 size bins discretize the aerosol and cloud spectra from 0.01- to 500-μm diameter. The model is based on three equations describing the time evolution of the aerosol, cloud droplet, and ice crystal spectra. The following physical processes are simulated: coagulation, sedimentation, nucleation, coalescence, aggregation, condensation, and deposition. Further, the model accounts for the water–ice phase interaction through the homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing, ice nuclei, and the Bergeron effect. The model has been validated against observations and other models. In this paper, the model is used to simulate diamond dust and ice fog in the Arctic during winter. It is shown that simulated cloud features such as cloud phase, cloud particle diame...


The crystal structure of 1,1-dimethoxy-4-phenylamino-4-methylthio-3-buten-2-one I, C13H17NO3S, has been determined. The title compound is packed in columns along the a axis. C(4), C(5), C(6) and nitrogen atoms in the structure are coplanar and π-delocalization exists in I. The tautomer enamino ketone of I is stablized by π-delocalization and intra-molecular hydrogen bond.


I was interested to read the points Jill Axcell made (Letters April 14) about students' need for better financial assistance to attend RCN conferences.


P of innocence is one of the fundamental rules regarding the procedural situation of the accused and constitutes the canon of the contemporary criminal procedure. Its procedural essence consists in the assumption that the accused is considered to be innocent unless his guilt is proved and confirmed in a valid court judgement (Article 5 § 1 of the CPC). In comparison with the former code, the principle laid down in this provision has been reformulated in order to strengthen the position of the accused. As it was raised in the justification for the Criminal Procedure Code of 1997, the aim was to formulate the principle in the most positive way (the accused is considered to be innocent) unlike in the CPC of 1969, which specified the presumption of innocence in a weaker, negative way (the accused is not considered to be guilty)1. The principle of the presumption of innocence is a fundamental human right. It was also laid down in Article 6 (2) of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), under which every person accused of committing a punishable crime is considered to be innocent unless his guilt is proved in accordance with the statute. It was also formulated in Article 14 (2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)2. Presumption of innocence


Institutional arrangements that constitute subject positions offer some individuals an opportunity to celebrate their identities, even while relegating others to inhabit unlovable abjected spaces. Such a performative perspective on identity begs the question on the possibilities of accomplishing institutional reform. One source can be found in the functioning of institutions, such as the Supreme Court, that are vested with performative powers. But, how do such institutions legitimately bring about social transformation given that precedents bind their deliberations? To address this question, we analyzed two Supreme Court rulings that showcase the performativity of institutions in materializing subject and abject positions, and the reforms that are possible. One is the 2015 US Supreme Court ruling providing marriage rights to same- sex couples. The other is the 2014 Indian Supreme Court ruling that legalized a third gender. These two rulings, and a comparison across them, highlight the historical yet conti...


This study focuses on the ecosystem – ecological, environmental Pedology determined of some selective heavy metals and elements in soil of the college's farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Soils were sampled, and collected as described by the method of Ashiq et al, (2013) and analysed by the methods described by AOAC (1990). Results obtained revealed that, the soil sampled found to contained heavy metals and element in moderate amount of mean concentration values in milligrams per gram (mg / g), the element and metals determined were; potassium (K) element had the highest level with the mean concentration of 15 mg / g, and then followed by cadmium (Cd) 9 mg / g, copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) had 1 mg / g each, lead (Pb) had the value of 0.4 mg / g in mean concentration level, while manganese (Mn) had 0.3 mg / g, and finally zinc (Zn) had the mean concentration level of 0.1 mg / g of soil. The magnitude of concentration levels of the heavy metals and elements determined in the soils of the college's irrigation farm in sequential ascending order was; K > Cd > Cu, Fe and Ni > Pb > Mn > Zn. Also in consideration of their concentration levels in terms of mean percentage (%) amongst the metals and elements determined; K had 54%, Cd had 32%, Fe and Ni had 5% each, Cu had 2%, Mn and Pb had I% each, and finally Zn had 0.5%, i.e. the highest in mean concentration levels was potassium (K), the least was zinc and it is not contaminated by the metals and the elements determined as well respectively. Human activities have dramatically changed the 10 metres position and organization of the soil. The industrial and mining activates in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soil. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation. It is recommended that further study needs to be carried out in order to ascertain, assess and state the heavy metals and elements mean concentration levels in soil of the said study area, and all farms at large.


Synopsis of the tribe Crotoneae Dumort. (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil). Two genera, Astraea Klotzsch, with two species, and Croton L., with 37 species, were recognized for the tribe Crotoneae in the state of Sao Paulo. Keys for genera and species are presented, as well as illustrations of diagnostic characters. The original publication, synonymous, geographic distribution and vegetation of occurrence are refered to each species, along a voucher specimen. A new combination is proposed, Astraea cincta (Mull. Arg.) Caruzo & Cordeiro, for Croton cinctus Mull. Arg., and one neotype and 17 lectotypes are here designated.


This paper describes a research study, completed in late 2004, in which the researcher examined the relationship between school media programs and science achievement in grade 8 students in Michigan schools. This paper reports the results of a mixed method sequential explanatory study undertaken to uncover the connection between school media programs and science achievement as well as the factors present in the relationships between school library media specialists and science teachers that encourage student achievement on state-mandated standardized tests.


Nanodiamonds are nano-sized carbon based particles coming under the family of nanocarbons. Since nanodiamonds have ability to emit bright fluorescence, they were used primarily as biological imaging agents after the introduction of nitrogen defects. These are now widely used because of their inexpensive large-scale synthesis, small particle size, and high biocompatibility. Its large surface area, high absorption capacity and chemical inertness were made advantageous to use as potential medical agents. Nanodiamonds are carbon allotropes of approximately 2 to 8 nm in diameter. Surface of each nanodiamond possess functional groups for wide spectrum of compounds. Nanodiamonds have the acceptable properties includes hardness, chemical inertness, surface area, solubility, optical properties and allows chemical modification. Its large surface area provides space for loading of drug by adsorption. By this mechanism, it is easy to create smart environment-and stimuli-responsive nanodiamond drug delivery and release system. It can be also used for bioimaging, localised chemotherapeutic drug delivery, improving image resolution of MRI, insulin administration and used in Skin and dental care preparation and cosmetics. As nanodiamond drug delivery is an emerging and growing concept, it will gaining more attraction by industries and many research scientists due to its wide potential and acceptance.


The number of species contained in the salamander genus Desmognathus on the basis of adult morphology is conjectural (current estimates range from seven to 10). The species recognized by the author are: Desmognathus aeneus, auriculatus, brimleyorum, fuscus, monticola, ochrophaeus, ocoee, quadramaculatus, welteri, and wrighti. The present study was initiated to determine the value of ontogenetic growth patterns of desmognathine larvae as discriminate characters. The numbers of larval specimens obtainable restricted the scope of the study to 19 populations of six species: Desmognathus fuscus, auriculatus, brim- leyorumn, quadramaculatus, welteri, and ochrophaeus. A linearizing transformation of Huxley's power equation (log Y log b + a log X) was applied to 30 morphometric characters (28 of which are osteological) to determine allometric relationships with individual body size. Observed morphological differences between cranial elements (e.g., premaxilla, palatopterygoids, frontals, parietals and vomers) indicate their use as specifically discriminate characters. The comparative strength of the anterior cranial elements coincides with differences in larval habitat. Relative ontogenetic increase in overall dimensions (e.g., depth, width and length) of the skull and jaw is proportional between species and suggests phylogenetic conservatism within the genus. The relationship of paedomorphosis and increasing terrestriality within the genus is reexamined in light of adaptive proportions of larval charac- teristics.


A geologic formation is composed of several sub-elements, such as minerals, lithologic fragments, inclusions, small faults, fractures, cavities etc. A seismically complex formation can be defined as being formed by sub-elements with spatial dimensions equal or comparable to the seismic wavelengths. A seismic wavelet travelling through a complex formation, passes through a particular sequence of sub-elements. In conventional common mid-point recording geometry, all the traces that form a CMP gather, are simply the superpositions of individual wavelets which have travelled through different sequences of sub-elements of the complex formation. This fact introduces irregular time shifts among the wavelets reflected from the same horizon beneath the complex medium, that is, a problem of phase which cannot be solved by conventional dynamic and static correction methods, not even by cross-correlation based residual static correction algorithms. We can overcome this problem by shifting the spectrum of the wavelet to lower frequencies and so making the time shifts correspond to smaller phase differences, resulting in a better stacking output. To achieve this goal, envelopes of traces of a CMP gather can be taken and after being debiased and further filtered if necessary, can be input to the stacking process. The problem and the method of solution will be described by a model and the application of the algorithm to real data examples will be presented.


The stress corrosion cracking(SCC)susceptibility of type 304 stainless steel in NaCl solution was studied by slow strain rate test(SSRT). The fracture morphology of SCC was observed and analyzed by using scanning electron microscope(SEM). A new instrument was designed to apply stress to the specimen of type 304 stainless steel. The effect of chloride concentration on the passive film crack potential was also studied in situ by using the electrochemical technology under constant strain. The critical chloride concentrations of SCC and passive film crack potential for type 304 stainless steel were obtained,and they were basically the same.


IJCAI-73 devoted three sessions to the aspects of AI funding, applications, and impact. In addition, one paper (Firschein, et al, 1973) described a Delphi study of plausible AI applications and their possible impacts. I'd like to share some of my reflections on this timely burst of attention devoted to these social concerns.


The problem of far‐field sheath formation is studied with a new quantitative 1D model. These sheaths occur when unabsorbed fast waves (FW) are incident on a conducting surface not aligned with a flux surface. Use of a nonlinear sheath BC gives self‐consistent solutions for the wave fields and sheath, and incorporates a sheath plasma wave (SPW) resonance which enhances the sheath potential. The model is applied to edge fields computed by the AORSA‐1D full‐wave code for a typical D(H) minority heating scenario. This work indicates the conditions under which far‐field sheaths can explain some of the "missing power" (low heating efficiency) and rf‐specific impurity generation in ICRF experiments.


An experimental system was designed to test the mechanical characteristics of stepping motor.This system improves the traditional measurement of the motor's torque and angle,testing static torque instead of dynamic torque,using DC actuator generator to test angle.The labVIEW is used to program software which processes the signals and stores the data,so that the hardware is very simple.This experimental system has many advantages such as simple structure,perfect function,convenient operation and low cost.


The simulator is an isothermal, three-dimensional, four-phase, compositional, equation-of– state (EOS) simulator. We have named the simulator UTDOE-CO2 capable of simulating various recovery processes (i.e., primary, secondary waterflooding, and miscible and immiscible gas flooding). We include both the Peng-Robinson EOS and the Redlich-Kwong EOS models. A Gibbs stability test is also included in the model to perform a phase identification test to consistently label each phase for subsequent property calculations such as relative permeability, viscosity, density, interfacial tension, and capillary pressure. Our time step strategy is based on an IMPEC-type method (implicit pressure and explicit concentration). The gridblock pressure is solved first using the explicit dating of saturation-dependent terms. Subsequently, the material balance equations are solved explicitly for the total concentration of each component. The physical dispersion term is also included in the governing equations. The simulator includes (1) several foam model(s) for gas mobility control, (2) compositional relative permeability models with the hysteresis option, (3) corner point grid and several efficient solvers, (4) geomechanics module to compute stress field as the result of CO{sub 2} injection/production, (5) the format of commercial visualization software, S3graf from Science-soft Ltd., was implemented for user friendly visualization of the simulation results. All tasksmore » are completed and the simulator was fully tested and delivered to the DOE office including a user's guide and several input files and the executable for Windows Pcs. We have published several SPE papers, presented several posters, and one MS thesis is completed (V. Pudugramam, 2013) resulting from this DOE funded project.« less


This paper evaluates recent legislation which extends the paternalistic policies in relation to indigenous affairs inaugurated at the time of the Northern Territory Intervention in 2007. The paper analyses the national and international legal obligations to consult indigenous people in relation to these laws and argues that the obligations have not been carried out in good faith and amount to a serious distortion and undermining of those obligations which will impact for generations on relations with aboriginal people in Australia.


Although this issue of the journal goes out with my name on the masthead as editor, all the pre-production editing was in the expert hands of my predecessor, Juan R. I. Cole, and his able assistant, Alissa Surges. I want to take this opportunity to thank them for their years of service to the journal and to the profession. Juan Cole guided the journal for five years with a remarkable blend of energy, vision, and attention to detail. We all profited from the breadth of his scholarly background and research interests, which bridge many of the geographical, disciplinary, and cultural divides of Middle East studies. During his tenure as the editor, the journal flourished and fulfilled its mission as a journal of record for our field. Juan Cole also left his particular stamp of engagement with current theoretical questions coupled with high-quality empirical research, as exemplified in the special issue he co-edited in May 2002 on nationalism and the colonial legacy. Thanks to his management skills, and those of Alissa Surges, the journal also moved into the electronic world of the 21st century under his watch. I am very grateful for the time and effort they put into developing the databases, office procedures, and filing systems that streamlined the editorial process. I am inheriting a healthy and thriving operation because of their skills and commitment.


Thirty-two mongrel dogs were used in a comparative study to assess the effect of normal saline solution, metrizamide and Cardioconray on serum osmolality, haematocrit and cardiac output The study demonstrated that the higher the osmolality of the test substance, the greater the reduction in haematocrit and the higher the increase in cardiac output Cardio-angiographic ionic contrast media are usually of high osmolality. Thus Cardioconray (iothamalate sodium/ iothamalate meglumine 2:1), which is used in neonates and children, has an osmolality of more than 2000 mOsmlkg water (vapour pressure method). The toxicity of ionic contrast media is usually anributed to the agent's hypertonicity.l According to Gavalaki er al. 2 the use of these agents in neonates is limited by the significant toxic effects. They also demonstrated that hypertonic media give rise to a compartmental fluid shift which could be dangerous. Ton-toxic contrast agents, of which metrizamide was the first to be employed, are used more widely now for neurological diagnosis.) The osmolality of metrizamide with iodine concentrations of 190 mg/ml and 370 mg/ml is 261 mOsm and 600 mOsmlkg water respectively. In comparison with Cardio-conray, therefore, it has a lower osmolality and thus theoretically should be less toxic. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of normal saline solution, Cardioconray and metrizamide on the serum osmolality, haematocrit and cardiac output in mongrel dogs. Thirty-two mongrel dogs were divided into four groups: group 1 (control group)-7 dogs given saline solution (osmolality 292 mOsm/kg H 2 0); group 2-10 dogs to whom Cardioconray (osmolality 2000 mOsmlkg HP) was administered; group 3-10 dogs to whom metrizamide (osmolality 261 mOsmlkg H 2 0) was given; and group 4-5 dogs in whom metrizamide with an osmolality of 600 mOsmlkg H 2 0 was employed. One dog in group 2 could not be used because of an anaphylactic reaction to the administration of Cardioconray. The animals were given a general anaesthetic (sodium pheno-barbitone). Four catheters (two arterial and two venous) were then introduced via a femoral cut-down and positioned in the pulmonary artery (No. 6 multipurpose balloon catheter), right atrium (No. 6 Goodale-Lubin catheter), left ventricle (No. 6 Cordis pigtail catheter), and right femoral artery (Teflon catheter). A bolus of the test agent (1,5 ml/kg) was injected into the right atrium and was repeated after 40 minutes. Blood samples were taken and the cardiac output (thermodilution method) 80 minutes. Serum osmolality (vapour pressure method with …


This paper demonstrates the potential of generalized two-dimensional (2D) attenuated total reflection/infrared (ATR/IR) spectroscopy in studies of spectral variations in the amide I region of aqueous solutions of protein. Two examples of the 2D correlation analysis are discussed in this paper. The first is concerned with adsorption-dependent spectral changes of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) in solution. The second approach is dedicated to the concentration-dependent spectral changes. To generate the 2D correlation spectra, the original spectra have been subjected to pretreatment procedures consisting of ATR correction, subtraction of the spectrum of the buffer solution, smoothing, and normalization over the concentration. The adsorption-dependent 2D study shows that the interaction between the crystal surface and the protein molecules can be monitored successfully by the synchronous and asynchronous correlation spectra. This interaction is characterized by pronounced intensity changes at frequencies assigned to β...


Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis (TB) are two important causes of mortality and morbidity in our country. Asthma is most commonly observed COPD in the developing countries. Aim and objective: To study the incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in chronic Asthmatic patients at a tertiary health care centre Methodology: Present study was a prospective study carried out on 150 asthmatic patients who were taking treatment for more than 5 years. Data was collected with pre tested questionnaire. Data included demographic data, clinical history and clinical examination. All the patients were subjected to chest x-ray, sputum examination for acid fast bacilli by Zeil nelson stain. Data was analysed with appropriate statistical tests. Results: Mean age of the patients was 38.5± 3.1 years. Male to female ratio was 1.73:1. Majority of the patients (40.67%) belonged to lower middle class followed by upper lower class (28%). The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in our study was 4%. Patients with smoking habits, use of steroids developed pulmonary tuberculosis. Key Word: pulmonary tuberculosis. *Address for Correspondence: Dr D B More, Asspciate Professor, Department of Chest, SBH Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, INDIA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received Date: 06/12/2019 Revised Date: 10/01/2020 Accepted Date: 02/02/2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26611/10081611 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic tumor and one of the most malignant tumors worldwide. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has significant diagnostic and prognostic value for cancer patients.
 Methods: Surgical specimens and plasma samples were obtained from a total of 35 patients with PDAC at the Peking University Cancer Hospital between June 2016 and May 2017. To investigate KRAS mutations (G12R, G12V or G12D) in plasma ctDNA, digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on samples obtained from PDAC patients before and after surgical resection.
 Results: KRAS mutations (G12R, G12V or G12D) between surgical tissue DNA (tDNA) and preoperative plasma ctDNA (pre-ctDNA) were consistent in 27 of 35 samples (77.1%, kappa index =0.397, P=0.003). Moreover, pre-ctDNA and postoperative plasma ctDNA (post-ctDNA) showed statistically significant associations with CA19-9 levels before surgery (P=0.027 and P=0.003, respectively). In addition, the Kaplan-Meier univariate and Cox multivariate analysis revealed that pre-ctDNA (G12V), post-ctDNA (G12V), or pre-post ctDNA (G12V, G12D) might be independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
 Conclusions: Analysis of pre-ctDNA, post-ctDNA, and pre-post ctDNA showed high PDAC diagnostic and prognostic potential in patients.


The paradigm of society against the institution of the Indonesian Prosecutor's Office is generally only in criminally charged cases only. This is because, the role of the Prosecutor is quite central in the criminal law enforcement process. This research uses normative juridical methods by reviewing primary and secondary legal materials, which are then processed and presented to solve the problems that the authors raised in this study. The results and discussion showed, the Prosecutor is not only what is commonly known in the criminal domain, namely the Public Prosecutor, but there is also a State Attorney's Office. The prosecutor as a public prosecutor has the authority to carry out the prosecution and execution of court decisions. Meanwhile, the prosecutor as the state attorney is authorized in the civil and administrative affairs of the state to act through a power of attorney authorized for it both as a plaintiff and a defendant. Second, the latest prosecutor's law provides legal certainty and existence with the inclusion of the phrase "State's Attorney" on the role of the Attorney General in addition to being the highest Public Prosecutor. The conclusion is that the Prosecutor's Office acts not only in the criminal domain, but civil and state governance. The latest Law of the Prosecutor's Office becomes a regulation that is expected to strengthen the authority of the Indonesian prosecutor's institution to enforce the law in Indonesia and strengthen the existence of the Prosecutor as a State Lawyer in the juridical state.


Traditional paper machine transmission accuracy is not high,its speed is low,affect product quality and efficiency.This paper introduces a design of a constant linear speed based on MM440 transducer and s7-300 PLC,and by the PROFIBUS-DP the remote data transmission is realized,high-speed and reliable operation,reduce consumption and costs,significantly improve the production efficiency.


Connectivity in ad-hoc networks is a fundamental, but to a large extend still unsolved problem. In this paper we consider the connectivity problem when a number of nodes are uniformly distributed w ...


Objective: To study whether cavitation produced in transplanted tibia squamous cell carcinoma rabbits when treated with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Methods: The VX2 rabbit bone tumor models were built by transplanting a 1 mm3 VX2 into tibia in New Zealand white rabbits, treated with heating and HIFU respectively, and the morphological changes were observed after treatment. Specimens with vacuole were strained by lipid and mucus technique in HIFU group. Results: Cavities were found in tumor treated with HIFU by light microscope and electron microscope, and both of mucus and lipid staining were negative. Conclusion: It is different between HIFU and heating treatment in nature, and cavitation participates in the treatment process with HIFU.


These reciprocal political relationships resulted in increased trade along the "Silk Road" with goods coming all the way from the Far East to the West, to Anatolia and Europe. The valuable merchandise and art objects from China thus become fashionable. Gifts from other rulers, battle spoils and trade goods in the form of Chinese porcelain, silk, carpets, metal objects and miniatures have affected the art of Islam.


innovations. In: Diffusion of Innovations, 5th Edn. New York, NY: Free Press 2003;436–71. 9 Fokkema JPI, Teunissen PW, Westerman M, van der Lee N, van der Vleuten CPM, Scherpbier AJJA, D€ orr PJ, Scheele F. Exploration of perceived effects of innovations in postgraduate medical education. Med Educ 2013;47:271–81. 10 Ringsted C, Henriksen AH, Skaarup AM, van der Vleuten CPM. Educational impact of intraining assessment (ITA) in postgraduate medical education: a qualitative study of an ITA programme in actual practice. Med Educ 2004;38:767–77. 11 Barsuk JH, Cohen ER, Feinglass J, McGaghie WC, Wayne DB. Unexpected collateral effects of simulation-based medical education. Acad Med 2011;86:1513–7.


303 recommendations of fully oral regimens are conditional with very low certainty in the estimates of effects[1] 2. The Current 2020 Recommendations of WHO have discarded Short-MDR (so called Bangladesh Regimen) based on Kanamycin, mainly on the ground of toxicity (mainly ototoxicity). The regimens currently recommended are no less toxic, combinations of bedaquiline plus clofazimine, linezolid and pretomanid used in these regimens are no less toxic and even QT Prolongation deaths have been reported with bedaquiline and cloazimine combination.[13-18] It is possible that bedquiline and clofazimine have a synergistic effect and together are more likely to cause QT prolongation, especially if they are additionally combined with drugs causing QT wave prolongation.[19] In such combination, the safety of bedaquiline and delamanid may be substantially improved if clofazimine is omitted.[16,20] The NIX-TB trial 2019[10] recommended for XDR-TB is also not safe, and Grade 3 or 4 adverse events are observed in 58/109 (53%) of patients and serious adverse events in 17% (19/109).[10] The inclusion of only three drugs in the regimen might lead to increase risk of resistance amplification if there is undiagnosed resistance or intolerance to just one of three drugs.[21] Indeed the 24 month failure rate in bedaquiline treated patients with XDR was 37%.[22] WHO degrades the injections; as the IPD-MA of 2018 showed that its use associated with toxicity and higher mortality, ignoring its association with prevention of acquired fluoroquinolone resistance.[23] Moreover, within lowand middle-income countries, Kanamycin has not been associated with worst outcomes. This recommendation is therefore disputed.[24] Ototoxicity due to Kanamycin has been reported with its longer use for 6–8 months in long 24 months conventional MDR-Regimen.[25] The short MDR regimen uses this drug for 4–6 months only compared to 8 months or longer use in conventional MDR regimen. In Niger, using short-MDR regimen including Kanamycin with rigorous surveillance and replacing Kanamycin with linezolid as soon as hearing impairment is detected since the implementation of this measure, not a single patient treated with short-MDR regimen developed severe hearing loss.[26] Further, when using an injectable, it is recommended by pharmacologists to give thrice weekly at the normal 15 mg/kg dose that also makes the painful injections more acceptable to patients, while remaining equally effective treatment.[27] In our Country, most of the chest physicians are well acquainted with aminoglycoside use and management WHO consolidated guidelines published in March 2020 recommends fully oral regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) that is isoniazid-resistant TB, rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB), multi-DR-TB (MDR-TB), and extensively DR-TB (XDR-TB). These regimens are said to be game changer for these resistant forms of TB and for those who do not tolerate or respond to MDR-TB treatment.[1] Since the discovery of rifampicin in 1965, we did not have any new anti-TB drug for many years. The US Food and Drug Administration approved Bedaquiline in 2012.[2] Delamanid was approved by the European Medical Agency in 2014, by Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Agency, PMDA in 2008.[3,4] Pretomanid has been approved by the WHO in 2020 for the treatment of XDR-TB under operational research conditions.[1]


New York-Potential suitors are lining up to express interest in the probable sale of Pfizer Inc.'s surgical ophthalmology business, but so far, no one is proposing-publicly.


The European research programme SBRI attempted to reveal the costs caused during the service life of a bridge – direct costs for the bridge owner as well as indirect costs for users. The principal results of SBRI should make it possible to take better account of the true costs of a central pier by considering the risks in the construction phase and those that may threaten the highway overpass during its service life.


The tools used to search and find Learning Objects in different systems do not provide a meaningful and scalable way to rank or recommend learning material. This work propose and detail the use of Contextual Attention Metadata, gathered from the different tools used in the lifecycle of the Learning Object, to create ranking and recommending metrics to improve the user experience. Four types of metrics are detailed: Link Analysis Ranking, Similarity Recommendation, Personalized Ranking and Contextual Recommendation. While designed for Learning Objects, it is shown that these metrics could also be applied to rank and recommend other types of reusable components like software libraries.


Forty private colleges that experienced rapid revenue decline from 1973 to 1976 were assessed in relation to factors accounting for recovery from financial decline. Attention is directed to financial characteristics, variables that are less subject to management (e.g., age. size, location, and selectivity), and those that are more subject to management (e.g., programs offered, revenue configurations, and expenditure pattern).  HE 015 319 29 pages MF $1.17 PC $5.39


This is an impressive work of scholarly research and political analysis. Professor McMillen has mined a mountain of material from the Xinjiang press and radio, much of it not widely accessible. He has integrated this with central government documents, Red Guard newspapers, and reports by foreign journalists. The result is a comprehensive, penetrating account of developments in Xinjiang during nearly thirty years of the People's Republic of China. Professor McMillen first details the evolution of policy from 1949 to 1966 in successive chronological presentations which focus separately on leadership (administrative, military, and party), personnel, military affairs, minority nationalities, agriculture, herding, industry, and commerce. He then considers these subjects in the aggregate for the Cultural Revolution, its aftermath, and the post-Mao period. Of the two approaches, the latter is the more readable. Despite the artificial separation and inevitable repetition in the first part, however, the approach is justified by the more comprehensive coverage accorded each area of activity. The analysis is enriched by the author's comparison of developments in Xinjiang with those elsewhere to test the degree to which the large border region became integrated with China Proper. This is a welcome change from borderland studies, which often isolate local events from the national context. At the same time, Professor McMillen recognizes the potential influence of the adjacent Soviet Union, and suggests linkages between Sino-Soviet relations in general and specific events in the immediate region. In this regard, his use of the term "pro-Soviet" for groups in Xinjiang, particularly those proximate to Soviet territory, weakens the author's otherwise careful and rigorous approach. On the one hand, those Uighurs, Kazakhs, and Kirghiz who enjoyed Soviet support in the 1944—45 "East Turkestan Republic" uprising would logically be predisposed toward Moscow rather than Peking. On the other hand, the much larger Moslem populace holds anti-Han attitudes which might trigger incidents and local dissidence that would have no actual connections with the Soviet Union, Peking's professed perceptions to the contrary notwithstanding. Although McMillen alleges "indications" of "a pro-Soviet stance," and of Soviet efforts at "encouraging minority intractibility," he cites remarks by Saifuddin in June 1958 which refer only to minority-Han problems (p. 118). The author's suggestion that "pro-Soviet influence" remained to be eliminated in the Yili zhou as late as i960 is implausible, and no documentation is offered.


A pedagogical tool created for the teaching and learning of applied engineering mathematics is presented and described herein. The tool, which uses the World Wide Web (WWW) as the means of dissemination, is a didactic software made up of three hypertext linked modules. These modules are a tutorial, an exerciser and a simulator. The design of the tool was made using the experience from other systems and from education specialists. The tool's most important features lie with its user interaction and its diagnostic capabilities. Results of a survey held with a group of students is also discussed.


Objective To study the status and influencing factors on sleep quality in some medical students.Methods The PSQI,SDS,SAS and the questions we set were used to evaluate the medical students' quality of sleep and to analyze the influencing factors.Results 19.01% of the students don't have a good sleep.The tension from study and life and interpersonal relationship are the main factors that influence the students' sleep.Conclusion Influencing factors are concerned with the society and the mood of the students,and measures should be taken to help the students improve their sleep quality.


This reasearch aimed at analyzing and discussing the technique or procedure applied by translator in translating text found in the journal medicina. There are some procedures of translation techniques found and applied by translator. Some of the translation techniques applied by the translator consisting of borrowing, transposition, equivalence, structure shift, unti shift, literal, calque, addition and substraction. It was the borrowing technique used in applying the translation of terms which have been considered a part of respective TL. Unit shift is said as the change from word to group of word or in reverse. A different of modifierhead rule between SL and TL can occur in the structure shift. Equivalence and literal translation or words per word translation were found. It is important to apply the technique of calque which was reagarded as special kind of borrowing. There were the last two techniques which were also found as unavoidably which is applied by translator. Applying appropriate techniques in translating is needed in order the translation product can be reliable and acceptable for the reader.


This paper provides a guideline for determining the size of a mix bank using the number of sequences generated by the bank. A mix bank is a buffer system that consists of a set of parallel first-in, first-out lanes of a specific capacity. We derive the exact solution of the number of sequences generated in two special cases, the case where the capacity of each lane is only one and the case of two lanes with a capacity equal to the number of models minus one. The input for the mix bank is assumed to be a sequence of n different models. In the general case, upper and lower bounds on the number of sequences are presented by analysing the results of two special cases. A procedure for determining the size of a mix bank is demonstrated with a numerical example. Ways to use a mix bank to increase efficiency and flexibility are also discussed.


Background and Objectives: This study examined the effects of fruit water extracts of mixture from selected three plants (Xylopia aethiopica, Coriandrum sativum and Anethum graveolens) on some indices of liver and kidney function tests in the male albino rats, and also to evaluate the antioxidant power of its water extract and the protective effect against paracetamol-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in male albino rats.
Materials and Methods: Three groups of rats were used (control, paracetamol-treated and protected group), which were supplemented with mixture water extract for four weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of paracetamol. Levels of ALT, AST, ALP, gamma-glutamyl transferase, CAT, GPx, serum direct bilirubin, serum total bilirubin, serum albumin, serum total globin, total serum urea and serum creatinine, as well as histopathological changes in the liver and kidney were investigated. Quantitative determination of the total phenolic content (TPC) was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, quantitative determination of antioxidant activity was performed according to the ?-carotene bleaching method and Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The experiment was conducted for two weeks. Statistical analysis was carried out by analysis of variance.
Results: Oral administration of paracetamol recorded significant decrease in TAC, CAT and GPx compared to normal control rats whereas rats supplemented with water extract and then intoxicated with paracetamol showed a significant increase in TAC, CAT and GPx levels compared with paracetamol intoxicated rats, and compared to normal control. AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin levels of rats treated with paracetamol were quite higher than that of control group whereas the rats treated with mixture extract and paracetamol had significant reduction when compared with the paracetamol group. Paracetamol induced significant increase in the concentration of plasma urea and creatinine in intoxicated rats as compared to normal control rats, whreas there was no significant difference between mixtures extract supplemented rats and protected rats as compared with control.
Conclusion: The aqueous extract mixture dose dependably offered potential renal-hepato protection from paracetamol induced hepatic damage, normalizing biochemical parameters in rats.


SUMMARY. Carbon fixation and release of extracellular organic carbon (EOC) during a diatom bloom were measured by the 14C—technique. Release in light was always a small fraction (1.5-6.0%) of total carbon fixation. Maximum values were found during the stationary phase of growth. A larger (15–50%) fraction of the inorganic carbon assimilated in the dark was released, although the absolute values were lower than in the light.

Gel permeation chromatography showed that low molecular weight products ( 10,000 daltons) was found in the stationary phase. EOC released in the dark had almost equal amounts of low (< 700 daltons), intermediate (˜5,000 daltons) and high (< 10,000 daltons) molecular weight products.

It is shown that with time the molecular weight composition of EOC shifted towards a predominance of larger molecules.


Since the recent success of Vision Transformers (ViTs), explorations toward ViT-style architectures have triggered the resurgence of ConvNets. In this work, we explore the representation ability of modern ConvNets from a novel view of multi-order game-theoretic interaction, which reflects inter-variable interaction effects w.r.t.~contexts of different scales based on game theory. Within the modern ConvNet framework, we tailor the two feature mixers with conceptually simple yet effective depthwise convolutions to facilitate middle-order information across spatial and channel spaces respectively. In this light, a new family of pure ConvNet architecture, dubbed MogaNet, is proposed, which shows excellent scalability and attains competitive results among state-of-the-art models with more efficient use of parameters on ImageNet and multifarious typical vision benchmarks, including COCO object detection, ADE20K semantic segmentation, 2D\&3D human pose estimation, and video prediction. Typically, MogaNet hits 80.0\% and 87.8\% top-1 accuracy with 5.2M and 181M parameters on ImageNet, outperforming ParC-Net-S and ConvNeXt-L while saving 59\% FLOPs and 17M parameters. The source code is available at \url{https://github.com/Westlake-AI/MogaNet}.


MERLE F. WALKER Lick Observatory, Board of Studies in Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California, Santa Crnz Receiced Alarch 5, 1970 This paper summarizes the results of a two-year survey of potential dark- sky observing sites in California south of the latitude of San Francisco. This survey was undertaken in 1965 to locate a new site for future large optical telescopes since the growth of lights and smog near Mount Hamilton are increasingly limiting the usefulness of that site for observations of very faint objects and for photometry. The best observing conditions appear to occur alon the coast, very close to the ocean where the cold ocean current holds down e height of the inversion layer, and where there exists a laminar airflow off the ocean, minimizing the optical turbulence and placing the site upwind from sources of smog.


Abstract Sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides, known for their high herbicidal activity and low mammalian toxicity, were used since 1988 to control Limnophila sessiliflora and other broadleaf weeds on rice fields at Sennan Village, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Since 1996, control of L. sessiliflora with the SU herbicides was no longer satisfactory. Two greenhouse studies at Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station and one experiment in the rice fields at Sennan Village were conducted in 1997 to confirm L. sessiliflora resistance to SU herbicides and to compare herbicide treatments for control of SU-resistant L. sessiliflora . Greenhouse studies showed that the L. sessiliflora biotype from Sennan Village was cross-resistant to four SU herbicides, including bensulfuron-methyl (BSM), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (PSE), imazosulfuron (IMS), and ethoxysulfuron (ETS). The resistant biotype was 300–900 times more resistant to SU herbicides than the susceptible biotype from Omagari, Akita based on GR 50 (50% growth reduction) values. Standard treatments of pretilachlor and pentoxazone or mixtures of simetryn + MCPA-thioethyl, ETS + pyrazolate + pretilachlor, BSM + cafenstrole + daimuron, and BSM + daimuron + cafenstrole + azimusulfuron applied postemergence controlled SU-resistant L. sessiliflora . In the field experiment, mixtures of IMS + cafenstrole + daimuron and BSM + mefenacet failed to control L. sessiliflora , but herbicide treatments controlling SU-resistant L. sessiliflora included postemergence applications of mixtures of esprocarb + dimethametryn + PSE + pretilachlor and BSM + thiobencarb + mefenacet and sequential applications of pretilachlor/thiobencarb + simetryn + MCPB, pretilachlor/bifenox + SAP, pretilachlor/MCPA-thioethyl + simetryn, and pretilachlor/BSM + thiobencarb + mefenacet. Our results suggest that the SU-resistant L. sessiliflora had not developed multiple resistances to herbicides with different modes of action. In particular, amide or phenoxy herbicides were effective control measures.


Acoustic scattering and resonances resulting from a point pulse on a single or multiple gas bubbles are simulated using a time-domain simulation. The time histories of scattering pressure and velocity, both outside and inside the bubbles, are obtained simultaneously with an immersed-boundary method implementation. The acoustic resonances of the bubbles are investigated for various bubble numbers, sizes, shapes and interior gas parameters. For several cases, the scattering and resonance behaviors are compared with the existing theoretical and experimental results.


It has long been known that disasters can have mental health consequences such as increased rates of PTSD, depression and anxiety. While some research has shown that secondary stressors during the aftermath of a disaster can influence psychological outcomes, this aspect of the disaster experience has not been widely studied. This paper reports on two studies that investigated which aspects of the experience of being flooded were most predictive of mental health outcomes. The first study was a qualitative study of adults whose homes had been inundated in the Mackay flood of 2008 (n=16). Thematic analysis of interviews conducted 18-20 months post-flood found that stressors during the flood aftermath such as difficulties and delays during the rebuilding process and a difficult experience with an insurance company were nominated as the most stressful aspect of the flood by the majority of participants. The second study surveyed Mackay flood survivors three and a half years post-flood, and Brisbane 2011 flood survivors 7-9 months post-flood (n=158). Findings indicated aftermath stress contributed to mental health outcomes over and above the contribution of perceived trauma, objective flood severity, prior mental health, self-efficacy and demographic factors. The implications of these results for the provision of community recovery services following natural disasters are discussed, including the need to provide effective targeting of support services throughout the lengthy rebuilding phase; a possible role for co-ordinating tradespeople; and training for insurance company staff aimed at minimising the incidence of insurance company staff inadvertently adding to disaster victims' stress.


Family partnerships have been become increasingly popular as a means of avoiding estate and gift taxes. As other estate freezing techniques have been closed off by statutory anti-abuse rules, estate planners have increasingly resorted to partnerships as a vehicle for transferring assets within a family at deeply discounted values. Discounts ranging from one third to over one half of the value of the underlying assets are routinely claimed, and often allowed, based on lack of marketability and lack of control, even where these disabilities have no lasting or ascertainable economic effect. Nevertheless, the use of family partnerships to suppress value for transfer tax purposes rests on shaky conceptual premises that deserve closer scrutiny.


A new method for the preparation of S-trityl-(i.e. triphenylmethyl) and S-diphenylmethyl-cysteines or -cysteine peptides involves treatment of cysteine or cysteine peptides with aralkylcarbinols in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid or hydrogen halides in acetic acid solution. The optimal conditions for the removal of these S-protecting aralkyl groups by trifluoroacetic acid or hydrogen halides in acetic acid solution under various conditions have been determined.


Temporal Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is used to visualize blood vessels in x-ray images. A DSA image pair consists of the mask image, which is a digitized x-ray taken before a contrast medium is injected into the bloodstream, and the live image, which is taken once the contrast medium has traversed the circulatory system and reached the blood vessels of interest. The mask image is then subtracted from the live image and ideally only the contrast enhanced blood vessels should remain. DSA has two main limitations. Firstly, gross patient motion and physiological events occur in the time that elapses between x-rays. Secondly, there are local and global differences in the mean gray-level at corresponding points in the live and mask images, excluding the variations introduced by the contrast media. To solve the motion problem, we take the approach of matching regions around control points in the live image in a search area around the approximately corresponding points in the mask image. In this way a motion vector field that describes the spatial offset to the best match position in the mask image (with subpixel accuracy) is constructed. The problem of mean gray- level disparity between the live and mask images is to a large extent overcome by the use of a match measure that is invariant to overall additive gray-level differences. Incorrect mismatches caused by the contrast media are avoided by using multiple subtemplates in the matching process. The subtemplate method also allows the estimation of mean gray-level disparity between the mask and live images. The smoothed motion vector field and mean gray-level disparity estimates are used to perform an improved subtraction of the mask from the live image with a reduction in the artifacts that are a result of normal subtraction. Efficient best match search techniques are used to reduce the computational cost of the algorithm, at the expense of some difference image quality. Results are provided for simulated and actual DSA image pairs.


Argonne National Laboratory-West has developed characterize and repackage transuranic mixed waste, the Waste Characterization Area (WCA). This new facility is designed to current Department of Energy design criteria for radioactive waste handling facilities Characterization and repackaging of real waste within the WCA began in April 1994. Characterization operations include visual examination of solid waste and drum headspace and inner bag gas sample collection and analysis. Additions planned for the WCA in late 1994 include equipment for sludge waste core sample extraction, preparation, and analysis. This paper addresses general design strategy, facility features, and specialized equipment associated with the WCA.


The role of doping Fe on the structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of frustrated antiferromagnet YMn1−xFexO3 (x ≤ 0.5) has been investigated. The neutron diffraction analysis shows that the structure of these polycrystalline samples changes from hexagonal phase (space group P63cm) to orthorhombic phase (space group Pnma) for x > 0.2. The frustration parameter decreases with Fe substitution. All the compounds are antiferromagnetic, and the magnetic structure is described as a mixture of Γ3 and Γ4 irreducible representation (IR) in the hexagonal phase, and the ratio of these two IRs is found to vary with Fe doping (x ≤ 0.2). A continuous spin reorientation as a function of temperature is observed in these samples. The magnetic ground state in the orthorhombic phase of the higher doped samples (x ≥ 0.3) is explained by taking Γ1 (GxCyAz) representation of Pnma setting. In YMnO3 suppression of dielectric constant e′ is observed below TN indicative of magnetoelectric coupling. This anomalous behavior...


Paper presented at the Post-1968 Motherhood in Europe Network Theories of Motherhood 2012. Workshop 1: Motherhood: Theories, Methods and Narratives. Session 1 (Part 1) - 'Gender, Ideology & the Political Economy of Austerity. Institute of Germanic & Romance Studies, Universit of London. Podcast available at: http://www.sas.ac.uk/videos-and-podcasts/ahrc/gender-ideology-political-economy-austerity-mother-war-continues


A mechanical mock of the cardiovascular system was used to simulate different conditions of ventricular-arterial mechanical matching. Four ventricles and four aortas with different elastances were set up, and all possible connection combinations tested by sampling ventricular and aortic pressures and flows. The mechanical energy produced by the simulated ventricles and the amount transferred to the aorta in the different connection conditions were calculated. The results demonstrate a clear dependence between the mechanical work production of the ventricles and the ventricular elastance (slope of the end-systolic pressure–volume relation) (from 20.42 ± 0.02 mJ/beat to 12.10 ± 0.02 mJ/beat), and an efficiency of energy transfer to the aorta strongly dependent on ventricular-aortic mechanical matching (from 56% to 20.7%). These results show that, even in optimal simulated conditions, only 56% of the energy produced is transferred to the load; and highlight the important role of mechanical aspects in conditions of very limited cardiovascular performance (i.e. final stages of heart failure), where energy transfer efficiency may be as low as 20.7%. This evidence emphasizes that the mechanical aspects must also be entertained in the evolution of complex cardiovascular pathologies, evaluating the possibility of combining mechanical and pharmaceutical interventions.


An industrial process often presents a large number of measured variables, which are usually driven by fewer nonlinear essential variables. An improved kernel independent component analysis based on particle swarm optimization (PSO-KICA) is presented to extract these essential variables from the process recorded variables in the KPCA feature space. Process faults can be detected more efficiently by monitoring the independent components. To monitor the non-Gaussian distributed independent components obtained by PSO-KICA, the empirical control limit is employed. The proposed approach is illustrated by the application to the nonisothermal CSTR process


ABSTRACT Let S = 𝕂[x 1, …, x n ] be a polynomial ring over a field 𝕂 and I a monomial ideal of S. It is well known that the Poincaré series of 𝕂 over S/I is rational. We describe the coefficients of the denominator of the series and study the multigraded homotopy Lie algebra of S/I.


Abstract. An integrated device for graphene electro-optic (EO) modulation and wavelength-mode division hybrid multiplexing (WMDM) is proposed. The device is composed of three parts: EO modulator, wavelength division multiplexer (WDM), and mode division multiplexer (MDM). The EO modulator and WDM consist of a one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavity coupled with a nanowire waveguide. The modulation of a certain wavelength can be achieved by utilizing the characteristic that the chemical potential of graphene can be adjusted with voltage. The MDM adopts nanowire waveguides to realize mode conversion. The performance parameters of the integrated device are analyzed using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method of numerical analysis. The results show that the integrated device can simultaneously complete the modulation and WMDM of the fundamental transverse electric (TE0) modes and first-order TE (TE1) modes at 1570.0 and 1573.2 nm, respectively. The extinction ratio is greater than 23.2 dB, the insertion loss is <0.36  dB, and the channel crosstalk is   <    −  22.7  dB. In addition, the modulation speed reaches 18 GHz.


Republic Act No. 10931 intends to provide all Filipinos with an equal opportunity to quality tertiary education as to ensure the optimized utilization of government resources in education. This study investigated how the state university students utilized the 28,000 grant, and how it directly helped their education. Data was collected during the second semester of  2018-2019. In sample size 336 students, 77% have a family income of 10,000 and below. The items purchased by students in decreasing order were: 21% cellphone, 20% laptop, 20% boarding house fee, 19% food/groceries, and 13% clothes/shoes. Only 16% of the respondents had bank accounts, 88% sent money to parents, while 10% did not inform parents. The students gave priority to products they found helpful to their studies but were not affordable without subsidy.  It is therefore concluded that the top five items are considered to be the basic needs of a student to tackle college degrees in Philippine state universities; subsidy was used according to purpose; requirements of TES subsidy were mostly met; TES has initially addressed an expanded and equal access to quality tertiary education; and one of the means on how the Philippine Education System upholds the Equality Education for All (SDG4). Keywords: SDG4, Western Philippines University, student's basic needs, CHED


The invention relates to an air inlet panel of a side draught type extractor hood. The air inlet panel comprises a panel (1) provided with an air inlet (2), and is characterized in that a strip-shaped inward concave part (3) is arranged in the middle of the panel; the air inlet (2) is arranged on the inner end surface of the inward concave part (3); and the bottom of the inward concave part (3) has an oil leakage hole (4) used for communicating the inward concave part (3) and the rear of the panel (1). When the extractor hood works, the leaked oil formed on the outer surface of the panel at the air inlet drops onto the bottom of the inward concave part along the inner end surface of the inward concave part, then is guided to the rear of the panel through the oil leakage hole and finally enters an oil cup instead of dropping onto a cooking bench along the outer surface of the panel.


This paper will present an overview of historical and current issues in the definition, stratification, and selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) in large demographic surveys. By PSUs, we mean the large clusters (usually geographic areas such as counties) that are the sampling frame in the first stage of a multi-stage sample design. While simple in concept, the details of defining, stratifying, and selecting PSUs can prove to be surprisingly complex. We look at developments pertaining to PSUs (as used by the U.S. Census Bureau) over the past half-century, and describe some current problems. The issues discussed include (1) constraints on PSU size and boundaries, (2) choosing "building blocks" for PSUs, (3) methodology for and objectives of PSU stratification, (4) coordination among multiple surveys, and (5) coordination with preceding designs (maximizing or minimizing overlap.)


We determine the 3-class groups of Q ( 3 √ p ) and K = Q ( 3 √ p , √− 3 ) when p ≡ 4 , 7 mod 9 is a prime and 3 is a cube modulo p . This confirms a conjecture made by Barrucand-Cohn, and proves the last remaining case of a conjecture of Lemmermeyer on the 3-class group of K


Azolla pinneta and common duckweed (Lemna minor) were cultured in concrete tanks separately under field conditions for 30 days, at the farm of Livestock Research Station, Assam Agricultural University, Mandira, Assam. The biomass production, doubling time and relative growth rate of A. pinneta was recorded as 173.33±13.16g, 5.55±2.35days and 0.124±0.35 g/g/d respectively and L. minor was 143±11.95g, 8.15±2.85 days and 0.084±0.28 g/g/d respectively. The values significantly (P<0.05) differed between the two species. The crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre content of L. minor are significantly (P<0.05) lower than A. pinneta whereas, total ash content was significantly (P<0.05) higher. No significant difference has been observed in the case of dry matter content. It can be concluded from the study that, both A. pinneta and L. minor possess good nutritive values and suitable production behaviour in agro climatic conditions of Assam. But, A. pinneta showed a better results than L. minor.


The allocation patterns of biomass in five plantations were studied by harvesting method and established allometric equations in subtropical area of south China.The results showed that the biomass of different species plantations were quite different in the same circumstances such as similar site conditions,age and management measures,showing that Mytilaria laosensis stand(404.95 t · hm- 2) Michelia macclurei stand(376.61 t·hm- 2) Pinus massoniana stand(239.94 t·hm- 2) Castanopsis hystrix stand(231.01 t·hm- 2) Mesua ferrea stand(181.06 t·hm- 2).The biomass spatial pattern dominated by tree layer,which accounted for 87.71%- 97.86%,followed by the litter layer,accounting for 1.96%- 10.90%,shrub and herb layers were the minimum,accounting for only 0.02%- 1.09%.The organ biomass pattern of tree layer showed that proportion of stem biomass was the largest,followed by the root's or branch's,and then followed by the bark's,the lowest was the leaf's overall.The biomasses of shrub layer,herb layer,and floor litter among different stands were quite different.C.hystrix stand and P.massoniana stand had higher biomass of shrub layer,Mytilaria laosensis stand and Michelia macclurei stand were lower,Mesua ferrea stand was the lowest.The biomasses of herb layer and floor litter showed a similar law,that of P.massoniana stand was the highest,C.hystrix secondly,Mytilaria laosensis stand,Micheliamacclurei stand and Mesua ferrea stand were lower.


INTRODUCTION
Treatment of aortic coarctation with hypoplastic aortic arch is still a surgical challenge. The aortic arch advancement surgery has shown less re-coarctation frequency.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the re-coarctation frequency in patients who underwent aortic arch advancement technique for aortic coarctation with hypoplastic aortic arch and analyze the results.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective and observational study of 38 patients who underwent aortic arch advancement in a third level Institution from 2002 to 2010.

RESULTS
Twenty four males and 14 females all with aortic arch Z index diameter of < or = -2 were found. The median age was 2.6 months and the median weight was 3.8 kg. Twelve patients (31.5%) did not show post operative complications. Eighteen (47%) had only one complication; one patient (2.6%) had 2 complications and 2 (5.2%) had 3 complications. After a follow up of 3.7 years the frequency of re-coarctation was O%.

DISCUSSION
With the previously mentioned technique the recoarctation frequency on medium and long term basis was 0%. From the anatomical and functional point of view, we believe this technique offers the best possible results.


The excitation spectrum of the IR emission 5A1(5E) to 5B2(5T2) of substitutional Cr2+ in ZnSe displays, as in the case of ZnS, band-band transitions, photoionization of activator centres, and a structured region of inner transitions towards higher levels of the Cr2+ ions. In the crystal-field approximation, a fitting of the eigenvalues of the Tanabe-Sugano matrices to the excitation bands supplies the crystal-field parameter Dq and the Racah parameters B and C. This fitting and the fact that both for ZnSe and for ZnS, one specific excitation band depends on pre-treatment, suggest a slightly modified interpretation of the ZnS excitation spectra.


Sag pond is a body of water near fault system as water flows blocked by the fault. Sag pond is a special type of environment for peat formation as peat layers in were deposited as the fault moves in episodic fashion. Depending on the history of the fault, peat layers are often interrupted by soil layers. In this study, core of peat-soil layers from a Sag pond in Karyawangi Village near Lembang Fault was obtained and analyzed for its magnetic properties. The 5 m core was obtained using a hand auger. Individual samples were obtained every cm and measured for their magnetic susceptibility. In general, there are three distinct magnetic susceptibility layers that were associated with peat and soil layers. The upper first 1 m is unconsolidated mud layer with its relatively high magnetic susceptibility. Between 1−2.81 m, there is consolidated mud layer and the lowest part (2.82−5) m is basically peat layer. Six samples were then measured for their thermomagnetic properties by measuring their susceptibility durin...


Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the commonest cause of cervical myelopathy. It contributes to high morbidity and consequent economic burden for society. Many measurement tools have been devised to quantify the disease severity, assist in decision-making, and to evaluate the outcome of surgical intervention. Objective: Most of the assessment scales are used for research purposes only and rarely in clinical practice. The purpose of this survey was to check the awareness of spine surgeons about these assessment scales and their role in the management of patients with CSM. Methods: An online questionnaire using the application "Google Forms" made consisting of 10 questions regarding the experience of treating the CSM patients and their preference for various parameters in assessing these patients. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical programming language R. Results: One-hundred and sixty-three responses were analyzed. About 90% of the respondents were aware of the assessment tools and only 57% of them used any in management. Nurick's grade was the most well known among all groups. The commonest reason for surgeons not using any of these assessment scales despite being aware of these scales was their perception that it is very time-consuming to complete these assessment scales. Conclusion: Assessment scales have a role in the management and follow-up of CSM patients. While awareness regarding these tools is well spread, time constraint plays a major role in limiting its usage.


This paper presents the experimental and analytic results of the investigation in the color appearance system on the relationship of lightness between original color transparencies and their copies in offset print ing. Regarding the measure of the psychometric lightness L* recommended by CIE in 1976, this study showed that the relation was non-linear, and that the characteristics of lightness reproduction correlated with the lightness cumulative frequency distributions of low psychometric chroma C* in the originals.


Game, Set, Match: Billie Jean King and the Revolution in Women's Sports, by Susan Ware, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2011, 282 pp., 12 black and white photographs, US$30.00 (har...


Aims and Method To describe the effect of a postal reminder system on UK adult psychiatry clinic attendance. A literature review was completed and a serial cross-sectional survey of patient attendance records in an inner-city psychiatric hospital during 2006 and 2007 was undertaken. Results A simple postal prompt reduces non-attendance by up to 50% and data from the serial cross-sectional survey of attendance records ( n =36) powered at 77% supported this finding. Postal prompts in the survey accounted for 30% improvement in the variance ( r 2 ) . Clinical Implications A simple postal prompt that takes less than 30 s to read, sent up to 2 weeks prior to the appointment improves attendance by up to 50% and is useful for maintaining standards of excellence.