Let $(R,\frak m, k)$ be a noetherian local ring. It is well-known that $R$ is regular if and only if the injective dimension of $k$ is finite. In this paper it is shown that $R$ is Gorenstein if and only if the Gorenstein injective dimension of $k$ is finite. On the other hand a generalized version of the so-called Bass formula is proved for finitely generated modules of finite Gorenstein injective dimension. It also improves Christensen's generalized Bass formula (cf. "Gorenstein dimensions", volume 1747 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000).


Interference suppression in antenna arrays is an important topic for target detection
in radar systems. This thesis investigates the performance of two different algorithms
for determining whether a detection lies in the sidelobe or mainlobe of an
antenna in the presence of noise-like interference (NLI). Both algorithms are based
on a combination of sidelobe blanking (SLB) and sidelobe cancellation (SLC). The
first algorithm is a simple cascading of SLC and SLB, while the second algorithm is
a modification of this where multiple guard channels are used. The performance is
evaluated with Monte Carlo simulations, where the antenna is modelled as a linear
phased-array antenna and interference and target signals are modelled as uncorrelated,
single-frequency plane waves. The influence of covariance estimation error,
number of NLI sources, placement of auxiliary antennas, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
and jammer-to-noise ratio (JNR) on performance and suitable blanking threshold is
investigated. It is shown that the second algorithm performs better than the first
when the number of NLI sources are few relative to the number of auxiliary antennas,
and reduces to the same performance as the first algorithm when this is not
the case.


Oxymetazoline is an α‐adrenergic agonist that is commonly used as a topical hemostatic agent in the operating room during ear, nose, and throat surgery. There are limited data on oxymetazoline pharmacokinetics in children who undergo general anesthesia. We assessed the hemodynamic effects and systemic absorption of topically applied oxymetazoline in children undergoing various nasal procedures.


A set of beach nourishment projects for 13 beaches in China,which were under severe erosion,have been completed or basically completed,after two years of implementation.The projects cover a total of 10.39 km of coast line.The total volume of sand used is about 2 027 000 m3,196.3 m3/m coastline on average.Most of the beach nourishment work can keep a dry beach around 50m in width.Some of projects are not very effective,since the sand has the tendency to become coarser or muddy,and may be eroded away soon.Compared with the similar projects abroad,the beach nourishment in China is characterized by its small scale,rapid development,wide range and that both soft and hard engineering methods were used.There is still much work to do,such as the classification of beach nourishment,the establishment of evaluation standards,and prediction of beach's lifespan as well as rationale management.


The article analyzes the issue of determining the position of flying objects that operate in the aviation communication network. The architecture of the proposed model was verified on the created computer model. The computer simulation was performed in the Matlab software environment. In the article, the parameters found for the accuracy of determining its position based on information from users of the aviation communication network were presented. In this case, the model in terms of ideal time synchronization of time basics of individual users of the aviation communication network was considered.


56Gb/s ODB signal is generated using 28G silicon photonic modulator, demonstrating 12dB better sensitivity than 56Gb/s NRZ format. High tolerance to dispersion and MPI effects are verified by numerical simulation or experiment without pre/post equalization.


Observed zonal propagation speeds of nonlinear eddies, derived using an eddy tracking algorithm, are compared with the classical long Rossby wave speed, Doppler shifted by just the depth mean velocity, the latter obtained from annual mean hydrography and an ocean atlas. Despite neglecting any Doppler shift from baroclinic background flows, the correspondence between observed eddy propagation speeds and theoretical long Rossby wave phase speeds is improved in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, where both show eastward propagation at speeds of 1–3 cm s−1, although the observed eastward eddy propagation speeds are systematically lower than the predicted Rossby wave phase speeds.


The interaction of retinal center-surround processes with early visual subcortical and cortical circuits forms the basis for saliency computations. The subcortical circuit mechanisms contributing to surround modulation, however, remain unclear. We developed an optogenetic approach to functionally delineate visual center and surround zones of individual neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SCs). We demonstrate that local circuit interactions within the SCs are sufficient to generate surround suppression and that surround network activation leads to decreases in center excitation rather than increases in synaptic inhibition. Using a range of complementary methods, we reveal the identity of a SCs-based circuit with two key interacting circuit motifs, recurrent excitation and feedback inhibition, capable of modulating levels of center excitation when the visual surround is active. We propose that subcortical and cortical visual circuits are both recurrent-based and have evolved to independently perform surround modulation, thus enabling parallel saliency computations across multiple levels.


Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide with 16,558 deaths till date. Serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and C-reactive protein have been known to be associated with the severity and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia. However, the characteristics and role of metabolic and inflammatory indicators in COVID-19 is unclear. Methods: We included 97 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory indices; radiological features; and treatment were analysed. The differences in the clinical and laboratory parameters between mild and severe COVID-19 patients and the role of these indicators in severity prediction of COVID-19 were investigated. Results: All were Wuhan residents with contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases. The median age was 39 years (IQR: 30-59). The most common presenting symptoms were fever (58.8%), cough (55.7%), and fatigue (33%). Other features were lymphopenia, impaired fasting glucose, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminemia, low high-density lipoproteinemia. Decrease in lymphocyte count, serum total protein, serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ApoA1, CD3+T%, and CD8+T% were found to be valuable in predicting the transition of COVID-19 from mild to severe illness. Chest computed tomography (CT) images showed that the absorption of bilateral lung lesions synchronized with the recovery of metabolic and inflammatory indicators. Conclusions: Hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminemia, low high-density lipoproteinemia, and decreased ApoA1, CD3+T%, and CD8+T% could predict severity of COVID-19. Lymphocyte count, total serum protein, and HDL-C may be potentially useful for the evaluation of COVID-19.


A proposed a.c. digital wattmeter is described. It combines the principles of the double dual-slope multiplying analogue-digital convertor and of the quarter squares multiplier with those of the sampling digital wattmeter to provide an alternative wattmeter system where multiplication, digitising, averaging, and integration may be performed using relatively few components. The new system offers some possible advantages over a previous successful double dual-slope wattmeter.


The non-volatile ferroelectric memory cell comprising: an insulated substrate (11, 12); a field effect transistor of the MOS type, or MIS type formed of one on the insulated substrate (11, 12) in strips silicon thin film (10) is constructed; and at least provided one on the silicon thin film (10) ferroelectric capacitor (25-27), which builds up the field effect transistor in the thickness profile of the silicon thin film (10), said at least one ferroelectric capacitor (25-27) is connected to a gate (21) of the field effect transistor . wherein the source (13, 15, 61), channel (14) and drain regions (13, 15, 61) of the field effect transistor in the thickness profile of the silicon thin film (10) are formed.


In this paper we studied frequency estimation using pulse pairs. First we modified two methods based on the idea of residual signal frequency estimate, whose variance are shown be close to Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). Then we propose a method using pulse pair to simplify the iterative filter method, which is shown to be able to achieve CRB asymptotically. Through simulation, all the three methods perform efficiently even at short data length, without cumbersome grid search applied in MLE.


Rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate in native (Chokla) lmd Avivastra (Chokla x Rambouillet) sheep were investigated during different seasons kept under semi-arid conditions after following standard procedures. The results revealed that there exists a significant difference in rectal temprature in animals of both the breeds between seasons. However, the rectal temperature in native and crossbred animals did not differ significantly in summer season. Sigmficant diurnal variation was observed in crossbreds in all the seasons' except spring. A significantly higher(P<0.05) respiration rate was observed in crossbred sheep in winter, spring and summer seasons in comparison to the natives without any significant difference in the rainy season. Higher respiration rate was found in the afternoon in native as well as in crossbreds in all the seasons in comparison to that ofmoming hours. Pulse rate was significantly higher in native animals in summer and winter, However, the trend got reverse during spring season. It was thus concluded that native as well as crossbred sheep are equally efficient in thermoregulatory mechanism under semiarid conditions.


After a journey of nearly 10 years, the National Aeronautics & Space Administration's New Horizons spacecraft flew past the dwarf planet Pluto in July and brought us the first detailed images of the solar system's most distant world, 5 billion km away. During the months since the flyby, the craft has beamed to Earth stunning visions of craggy water-ice mountains and a now-iconic heart-shaped plain, as well as data suggesting volcanic activity. On Dec. 4, NASA released the first of the highest-resolution images captured by New Horizons on its closest approach to Pluto's surface, displaying glaciers and craters that are less than half a city block in size. Pluto was discovered in 1930, but both Earth- and space-based telescopes hadn't been able to resolve much of its surface detail. "These new images give us a breathtaking, super-high resolution window into Pluto's geology," said the New Horizons mission's principal investigator, Alan ...


The purpose of this article is to review the imagination of violence in Japanese literature in the post-Cold War period through "get out of the peninsula" by Ryu Murakami. Considering previous studies with regard to Japan"s recognition of North Korea in work published since the 90s, this article aims to develop an understanding of this work about "global civil war" as a new form of war, in the post-Cold War years. "Get out of the peninsula" is a work of virtual fiction about the future occupation of Fukuoka by the North Korean army. The author shows that relying on the US in the Cold War resulted in the Japanese delaying their response to war during the time of the post-Cold War, a tactic that is commonplace in the case of war by irregular troops. Now the Japanese crisis also reveals the lack of risk management skills to handle the brutal violence carried out regardless of age or sex. This fictional work portraying a national crisis that can eventually be overcome by a minority with anti-intellectual and violent tendencies outside of their national borders shows that Japan faces a crisis of self-retention in the post-Cold War years.


The interest for game-based learning is growing among science educators. A range of research reviews have been published regarding the educational potentials of using computer games as a tool for l ...


Organic farming can compete according to a recent paper in the July 2005 issue of Bioscience (Vol. 55:7). Yields of corn and soybeans were comparable to those seen with conventional farming, but organic farming needed 30% less energy, less water and was pesticide-free. David Pimentel was the lead author on the Bioscience paper, which examined the environmental, energy and economic costs and benefits of organic vs. conventional soybeans and corn. David is a member of the Board of Editors at this Journal and a Cornell University professor of ecology and agriculture. In the article David stated: "Organic farming offers real advantages for such crops as corn and soybeans." The data comes from a review of a 22-year farming trial study, the Rodale Institute Farming Systems Trial, so the long term outlook is sound. The Pennsylvania trial is the longest running comparison of organic vs. conventional farming in the United States. Pimentel also pointed out that organic farming fields absorb and retain significant amounts of carbon, thus helping to reduce global warming. Other important findings were that corn yields under organic farming were 22% higher during drought periods, soil nitrogen levels were higher, and groundwater pollution was lower, all relative to conventional farming. And yes, the economics are favorable. It sounds as if organic farming is a winner for crops such as soybeans, corn and other grains. Enough said.


Abstract Six studies containing data obtained from over 1 million students in elementary, intermediate, and high school were meta-analyzed to examine the relationship between amount of television viewing and educational achievement. The findings led to the formulation of the complex viewing—achievement model. According to the model, the function relating achievement to viewing can be described as an inverted check mark. For small amounts of viewing, achievement increased with viewing, but as viewing increased beyond a certain point, achievement decreased. That function was found for each of the 3 ages studied, but optimal viewing time—the apex of the function—was different at each age and decreased with the age of the students.


Objective: We developed and evaluated the calculation of the human health index (HHI) and the index of the medical provision of the population (IMPP) for a comprehensive assessment of the health state of the population, which would optimally aggregate the indicators of morbidity, disability, and mortality of the population. Materials and methods: In the study, we used the statistical data from the reference book of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for 2017 on the incidence, disability, mortality of the population of Ukraine and the level of the provision of the medical care of the population, namely, the provision of doctors, nurses, and beds in the hospital to determine the human health index and the index of medical provision of the population of Ukraine. Results: The health index, developed by various authors, did not meet the requirements of the WHO and it has not found its application in healthcare practice yet. The Human Health Index (HHI) has been created by us by analogy with the methodology for the calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI). The calculations show that the lower the human health index, the health level of the population should be considered the worst, and the higher it is, the health level should be considered the best. Having calculated the average value of the index 0.603 and 0.117, we found that the average values of the index lie in the range of 0.603 ± 0.117, i.e., from 0.513 to 0.747.Values below 0.513 are considered low, and above 0.747 - high indices of human health. The average group values of the index of the medical provision of the population in the group of regions with a good health of the population were 0.601, with a satisfactory health – 0.515, with unsatisfactory health – 0.562. Analysis of variance showed that these values did not differ significantly from each other (F = 0.56; p> 0.05). Therefore, all groups of the population in the regions with different health levels have approximately the same level of medical care provision. Conclusions: The above results of the analysis using the necessary methods of mathematical statistics are a cause to assert that the proposed integral indices of human health and medical provision of the population, which adequately reflect the reality and simplicity of the application, can be recommended for the use in the practice of medical statistics both at the level of the Ministry of Health and at the level of the WHO. The level of the health of the population and its provision with medical care in the context of separate regions or countries can be compared with their help.


The effect of microelement loads was investigated on the mobile (1 M NH 4 NO 3 soluble), mobilizable (NH 4 -acetate + EDTA soluble) and pseudo total (cc. HNO 3 + H 2 O 2 ) element concentrations of a calcareous chernozem soil in a long-term field experiment. Salts of 13 microelements were applied on four levels: 0, 90, 270 and 810 kg/ha in the spring of 1991 prior to sowing maize. The relations between the mobile, mobilizable and pseudo total fractions of a heavy metal contaminated soil were defined and quantified. According to this, Ba, Mo, Sr and Se have the greatest mobility, while Cu, Ni and Zn showed strong fixation on the examined soil. The maximum quantities of elements incorporated in the whole above-ground yield of maize were as follows (in g/ha): Al 1548, Zn 543, Mo 352, Ba 269, Cd 201, Se 153, Sr 116, Cu 64, Pb 22, Ni 15, Hg 8, Cr 4 and As <1. Transfer coefficients calculated as a quotient of different soil element fractions and maize grain and stem element contents were compared. In the case o...


[Objective]To investigate new care management model on the deep venous thrombosis(DVT)in maternal high-risk groups.[Methods]Ten thousands of maternal who conduct prenatal care to delivery in our hospital were enrolled,and they were randomly divided into observer group and control group.The control group was applied conventional care.On the basis of normal nursing for the observer group,we pay attention to the health care and management of pregnancy and postpartum care.We observed,compared and studied the incidence of pregnancy DVT,postnatal DVT,natural childbirth DVT,cesarean section DVT,obese DVT and pregnancy hypertension DVT between the two groups.[Results]The incidence of observer group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P﹤0.05).[Conclusion]Except for the routine preventive care to prevent the DVT in maternal,we used the system of care management to reduce the incidence of maternal DVT and pulmonary embolism,and promote the rehabilitation of the maternal body.


In this paper, we propose a novel compact surveillance throwing robot which has an omnidirectional shock absorption mechanism and an active control part of wheel treads to stabilize the dynamic posture of a miniature sphere type throwing robot. This throwing robot, which weighs 1.14kg and is 110mm in height, is designed in a spherical shape to be easily grabbed for throwing. Also, the omnidirectional shock absorbing aspect is designed using several leaf springs connected with inner and outer wheels. The wheel treads control part consists of a link mechanism. Through the field experiments, this robot is validated to withstand higher than 17Ns of omnidirectional impulse and increase the stabilized max speed three times from 11 rad/s to 33rad/s by increasing wheel treads.


31-year-old caucasian woman with history of primary infertility and reduced ovarian reserve. Blood tests revealed a significant depletion of circulating NK. The patient underwent two IVF attempts that failed. After SAT Therapy (Sero-Homeotherapy A specific Tissue) cycles, she had a spontaneous pregnancy. Immune system plays a very important role in the fertilisation and attachment of the embryo. In the early stages of pregnancy, in fact, maternal blood is redirected to the placenta through remodeling the uterine spiral arteries. NK cells have a fundamental role in the initial stages of this process. Immunodepletion of these cells causes a reduced supply of oxygen to the placenta in early pregnancy, thereby interfering with fertility and causing dramatic changes in the placental structure. This can lead to pregnancy failures. Sat-therapy is a new biological branch of homeopathic medicine that use glycoprotein fractions of animal origin. It can be used to restore the correct physiological metabolism of tissues and organs damaged by disease and aging. In this case, SAT therapy was effective in reproducing proper functioning of the immune system, allowing the patient to have pregnancy without undergoing further assisted reproduction techniques.


The 500 kV and 330 kV power grids constitute the main backbones of trans-regional and the main regional power grids,and studies in the construction and development of them are significant to the overall development of the nationwide grid development.The paper summarizes the power grid development situation of SGCC in 2007,analyzes the construction and development characteristics of both 500 kV and 330 kV power grids by means of quantitative analysis indicators,and comes up with related suggestions.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Kinematic Models and Constraints, Mobile Robot Maneuverability, Mobile Robot Workspace, Beyond Basic Kinematics, Motion Control (Kinematic Control), Problems


The paper analyzes the main content of environmental audit.Its content includes compliance audits,environmental protection funds audits,EMS audits,cleaner production audits,waste and hazardous material handling audits,audit of environment-friendly products and environmental evaluation report audits,and discusses the nonlinear procedure of environmental audit.At last,this paper gives some suggestions for the application of environmental audit.


We present a formulation of gauge field theories in which the gauge potentials A/sub ..mu../(x) are eliminated in a simple way in terms of the field strengths F/sub munu/(x). Our results are closely related to, but are much simpler than, Halpern's dual variable formulation of gauge theories in the axial gauge. We work in the coordinate gauge x/sup ..mu../A/sub ..mu../(x) = 0, and show both analytically and geometrically that the potential A/sub ..mu../ can be determined uniquely from the field strengths F/sub munu/ for a suitable class of F's, A..-->..A(F). We show, furthermore, that a tensor F/sub munu/(x) is a coordinate-gauge field tensor if and only if it satisfies the restricted set of Bianchi identities epsilon/sup munusigmalambda/x/sub sigma/D/sup rho/(F)*F/sub rholambda/ = 0, D = partial+(A(F),x). These results permit us to transform the functional integral for the vacuum-to-vacuum amplitude Z(J) for the gauge theory to a form in which the potentials are completely eliminated in terms of the field strengths. When the Bianchi constraints are eliminated using a set of Lagrange multiplier fields lambda/sub sigma/(x), the F 's can be integrated out completely to obtain a form of the theory which appears to be useful for strong coupling.


High speed valves have an important role in many existing fluid power systems and are an enabler for many proposed digital hydraulic systems. One method commonly used to improve the dynamic performance of on-off valves involves modifying the electrical input signal to the solenoids to reduce the inductive lag and eddy current decay. This research examined two commercially available direct actuated and pilot-stage actuated cartridge poppet valves and the role of peak-and-hold voltage and reverse current input profiles on opening and closing switching times. A test stand was built to characterize the performance of these valves. The valves were placed between two high frequency pressure transducers and the pressure differential across the valves was recorded, allowing the calculation of transition and delay time. The peak and reverse voltage duration was tested over a range of zero to ten milliseconds and an optimum response was found at a peak duration of six to eight milliseconds. Peak voltages ranged from 50 to 55 volts, followed by a holding voltage of 12 volts. Reverse current profiles were used to turn off the valves with a maximum peak current of three amps. The reverse current was used to increase the decay rate of eddy currents thus improving the turning off performance of the valves. Commercial valves that had a range of 33 to 55 millisecond turn-on response without input signal modification; these same valves had response times reduced to a range of seven to nine milliseconds after applying the peak and hold method. The turn-off time was reduced from 130 milliseconds to a range of 16 to 50 milliseconds after adding reverse current inputs. This improvement in valve performance can lead to siginificant energy savings due to reduction of transition losses and can widen the useful application of the valves.© 2014 ASME


The article carries out a historical philosophical analysis of the influence of I. Berlin's ideas on the modern liberal philosophy by case study of the epistemological democracy an intellectual movement, developing in the framework of the deliberative democracy. Deliberative democracy is considered as a model that arose around the realization of pluralism ideas, while the epistemological democracy is interpreted as a response to the challenge of diversity. The author proves that by making the pluralism the basic assumption, the deliberative democracy (as well as Berlin) goes from substantialism to proceduralism.


IAM GOING to argue that there are only three deceased American Cath olic theologians still worth reading today for more than historic inter est. If the proposed population-universe is small, however, it is my contention that these three are giants who rank with any comparable European theologians of their day. While most of American or Euro pean Roman Catholic theology in the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century was posing what seem like peripheral scholastic ques tions, such as whether there are one or two esse's in the Christ of the hypostatic union, these three men were addressing the key unresolved issues in post-Tridentine Catholic theology: the relation of nature to grace and the corollary questions about the relation of the contingent and temporal order to the order of salvation and the responsibilities and stance of the Church to the temporal order. The three provide us with rich, often fresh insights to answer our own contemporary questions about the relation of human history as the one locus of truly human liber ation to the saving power of God in Christ. The three men are Orestes Brownson, John A. Ryan, and John Courtney Murray. I propose to extract three central themes, one from each man, which seem to me essential mediating concepts between eschatology and political praxis for a developed liberation theology. In Brownson I will focus mainly on the theme of providence as a mediating religious concept—intermediate between eschatology and praxis—which puts faith and political praxis together in ways which make clear the


from its maturity, Yawarakomachi can be grown in the plains of Kyushu, Chugoku and Shikoku regions. Since the resistance of Yawarakomachi to blast and bacterial leaf blight is not strong, much care must be taken in regard to disease protection.


Despite of being rich in fish biodiversity, the freshwater resources of India are currently experiencing an alarming decline due to several factors. River conservation and management activities in most countries, including India, suffer from inadequate knowledge of the constituent biota. This emphasizes an immediate need for initiating global research to develop alternative conservation planning schemes to protect the biodiversity of these freshwater aquatic systems. So, the present study was aimed at monitoring ichthyofaunal diversity, richness and abundance of river Murti in relation to different habitat types. Fishes were collected from four different sites along altitudinal gradient in river Murti, West Bengal. Key parameters responsible for structuring such habitat types and fish assemblage pattern were also assessed to identify habitat specialist fish fauna. A total of 40 species representing 27 genera, 16 families and 5 orders were collected, where Cyprinidae was found to be the most abundant fish family followed by Channidae and Mastacembelidae and the fish assemblage was found to be most diverse at the plains compared to hilly terrains. Whittaker's β diversity showed highest value between the sites situated at highest and lowest altitude. Four species namely Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland, 1839),Garra gotyla gotyla (Gray, 1830), Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822) and Danio dangila (Hamilton, 1822)were found to prefer four different sites and may be termed as habitat specialists. Such thorough understanding of this aquatic system and its biodiversity may assist in decision making and policy framing that lead to sustainable water use practices


T he elderly are a heterogeneous group that are bound together by only one common characteristic, and that is their chronologie age. Since what I have to say regarding the physical factors intluencing the safety of the elderly will depend on our basic concept of the group, I will have to start by outlining our latest thoughts pertaining to the socalled "aging." The elderly of today represent an accumulation of physical characteristics that have to be dealt with realistically if we expect to improve our safety records. The elderly of tomorrow a generation or two hence will, hopefully, represent an entirely different accumulation of physical characteristics. Because of the very nature of this improvement, safety programs of the future will have to be rebuilt. The increase in life expectancy and depth of living will give us chronologically older people who will be better physical specimens. Many of the basic defects of today, such as bursitis and osteoporosis will be as rare as poliomyelitis. First, let us see what is happening to the concept of aging up to date. This new approach is bringing the elderly into the mainstream of medicine. The results are spectacular. Morbidity and mortality do not vary with age but only with the presence or absence of basic cardiovascular disease. The application of preventive medicine of the variety we already know will change all this and will give us an elderly group that will be better physically than most of the younger age group of today. Many people have said and written much about the


In the present work, a comparative study is done between Shear-indeformable (Euler-Bernoulli) model and Shear-deformable (Timoshenko) model for two different types of beams (simply supported and fixed beam) under uniformly distributed loading condition and analysed for different Span-Depth ratio (L/D). For un-symmetric loading, a simply supported beam subjected to external point moment is also analysed for different L/D ratios to check the behaviour of beam. Transverse Displacement is taken as a yardstick. Shape functions for Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models are developed in MATLAB software by using the Finite Element Method for calculating deflection at different points on the beam. It was observed that for large L/D ratio, the deflections are same for both the beam theory models but as L/D ratio decreases, the deflections for both the beam theories vary from each other. For small L/D ratio, Timoshenko beam model gives more accurate results, since the Timoshenko beam theory is a higher order beam theory than the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, it is known to be superior in predicting the response of the deep beam.


Semiconductors that are atomically thin can exhibit novel optical properties beyond those encountered in the bulk compounds. Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are leading examples of such semiconductors that possess remarkable optical properties. They obey unique selection rules where light with different circular polarization can be used for selective photoexcitation at two different valleys in the momentum space. These valleys constitute bandgaps that are normally locked in the same energy. Selectively varying their energies is of great interest for applications because it unlocks the potential to control valley degree of freedom, and offers a new promising way to carry information in next-generation valleytronics. In this proceeding paper, we show that the energy gaps at the two valleys can be shifted relative to each other by means of the optical Stark effect in a controllable valley-selective manner. We discuss the physics of the optical Stark effect, and we describe the mechanism that leads to its valleyselectivity in monolayer TMD tungsten disulfide (WS2).


THB FTFTY-SBVKNTH ANNUAL GKNEBAI MEETING was held in College Hall of the United College, St. Andrews University, on Friday and Saturday, April 5 and 6. The attendance book was signed by 215 members and 31 guests. The President, Dr. Ernest Buhner, was in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Annnn.1 General Meeting, having been published in the Quarterly Journal of Medicine, -were taken as read, confirmed, and signed. The Officers, Executive Committee, and Honorary, Senior, and Ordinary Members listed below were elected unanimously.


During August 19 to 23, 2001, the International Symposium on Ice Core and Climate was held in Greenland. The new progresses on the ice core and climate were presented in this symposium. This symposium and the new progresses in this field in the recent years were summarized. Comparing with the Artic and Antarctic regions, the studies of the ice cores in middle and lower latitude regions developed fast in recent years. In this area, Chinese scientists made very important achievements and got high appraise from international scientists.


Bond length and ring angle configurations of the (4n ± 1)‐polarons and the associated optical absorption coefficient α(ω) in an emeraldine‐base polymer were calculated on the basis of the Baranowski–Büttner–Voit (BBV) model. The numerical calculations show some obvious differences between the four types of polarons (P+4n+1, P–4n+1, P+4n–1, P–4n–1). The solutions of P+4n±1 (∼1.5 eV) and P–4n±1 (∼0.8 eV) match the 1.4 eV and 0.9 eV PA peaks very well. The theory also shows that through the optical absorption spectrum only one cannot distinguish the P+4n+1 and P+4n–1 (or P–4n+1 and P–4n–1) in detail.


The invention discloses 6008 aluminum alloy for an automobile. The 6008 aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, Si 0.60%-0.75%, Fe 0.30%, Cu 0.10%-0.18%, Mn 0.20%-0.28%, Mg 0.48%-0.58%, Cr 0.01%-0.20%, Zn 0.15%, V 0.05%-0.15%, Ti 0.05%, impurities and the balance Al, wherein a single impurity is smaller than or equal to 0.05%, and total impurities is smaller than or equal to 0.15%. The invention further discloses a casting method of the 6008 aluminum alloy. The casting method comprises the steps of smelting selected materials, performing refining inside and outside a furnace, removing slag for standing, performing ceramic filtering, performing casting and finally performing homogenization treatment. The yield strength of cast ingots subjected to T6 treatment is greater than or equal to 220 MPa, the tensile strength of the cast ingots is greater than or equal to 240 MPa, the elongation after breakage is greater than or equal to 8%, a bending test angle is up to 150 degrees, and the technical problem that aluminum alloy for domestic and overseas automobiles has high machining and anti-collision requirements is solved.


Objective To approach the effects of decoction changed from Didangtang and Xiaoxianxiongtang Modified Formula on mucoprotein in stratum medium and the III-type collagen level of serum in experimental rats with fibrosis disease in lung interstitial tissue. Methods 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, that is pseudo-operation group, model control group, traditional Chinese drug group (TCD) and western medicine group (WM). Every group has 10 rats. Acid hydroc bleocin was dripped disposably into trachea of every group rats except pseudo-operation group, and Sodium Chloride with same volume as Acid hydroc bleocin was dripped disposably into trachea of pseudo-operation group. 24 hours after operation, the rats of TCD was lavaged with Decoction changed from Didangtang and Xiaoxianxiongtang Modified Formula, and the rats of WM was lavaged with Prednisone physiological saline solution. The rats of pseudo-operation group and model control group was lavaged with Sodium Chloride of same volume as TCD and WM. 28 days after operation, the rats was executed. And contents of mucoprotein in stratum medium of and the III-type collagen serum was detected. Results Didangtang and Xiaoxianxiongtang Modified Formula could decrease contents of mucoprotein in stratum medium of and the III-type collagen in serum of experimental rats, and extenuate fibro-accrementition in lung interstitial tissue. Conclusion Didangtang and Xiaoxianxiongtang Modified Formula has the function of treating fibrosis disease in lung interstitial tissue probably by decreasing contents of extracellular matrix in experimental rats with fibrosis disease in lung interstitial tissue.


The response of ring oscillators to ionizing irradiation is investigated, regarding their possible use as dosimeters. Different structures were designed, fabricated and tested. Results show that dose resolution can be improved by one order of magnitude compared to conventional MOS dosimeters built in the same process.


Four different primary tillage systems (moldboard plow, chisel plow, offset disk, and light disking with herbicide) were compared to determine effect of primary tillage on alfalfa production. Tillage operations had a significant effect on soil cone indices prior to planting; however, primary tillage did not affect alfalfa plant densities and first-year yields. The moldboard plow treatment had a lower cool-season grass emergence than other treatments.


ABSTRACT Online food delivery has transformed the last-mile of food and grocery delivery, with unnoticed yet often significant impacts upon the transport and logistics network. This new model of food delivery is not just increasing congestion in urban centers though, it is also changing the contours and qualities of those doing delivery—namely through gig economy work. This new system of food consumption and provision is rapidly gaining traction, but assessments around its current and future sustainability tend to hold separate the notions of social, environmental and economic sustainability—with few to date working to understand how these can interact, influence and be in conflict with one another. This paper seeks to work with this broader understanding of sustainability, whilst also foregrounding the perspectives of gig economy couriers who are often marginalized in such assessments of the online food delivery system. We make use of systems thinking and Campbell's conflict model of sustainability to do this. In assessing the online food delivery in this way, we seek to not only provide a counternarrative to some of these previous assessments, but to also challenge those proposing the use of gig economy couriers as an environmentally sustainable logistics intervention in other areas of last-mile logistics to consider how this might impact the broader sustainability of their system, now and in the future.


Objective. To investigate the pathologic status of adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in an endemic area of China through detection of 5 biochemical markers in their urine, and to study the correlations between these markers and KBD. Methods.A total of 55 patients with KBD over age 40 years were recruited and divided into groups, Grade 1 and Grade 2, according to clinical diagnosis criteria for KBD and our inclusion criteria; 25 healthy persons were enrolled into a control group. The first-time urine of the 80 participants was collected in the morning. Three unsaturated disaccharides, pyridinoline (PYD), and hydroxyproline (HYP) were detected in urine samples with high performance liquid chromatography, ELISA, and a chemical kit. Mean levels of these markers were compared in the 3 groups. Results. The mean concentrations of 3 unsaturated disaccharides and PYD in the Grade 2 group were significantly higher than levels in the Grade 1 group and controls (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between findings in the Grade 1 group and controls. Levels of 3 unsaturated disaccharides correlated with each other (p < 0.01). The correlation coefficient between PYD and HYP was 0.470 (p < 0.01). Except for HYP, the other markers all correlated with grade of KBD, rather than age or sex of subjects. Conclusion. The cartilage degradation of patients with Grade 2 KBD was more severe than that of Grade 1 patients and controls. The pathologic condition of Grade 1 patients was mild. Except for HYP, the markers we investigated specifically reflected the pathologic bone metabolism of adult patients with KBD. Trial registration number ChiCTR-TRC-00000140. (First Release March 15 2009; J Rheumatol 2009;36:816–21; doi:10.3899/jrheum.080642) Key Indexing Terms: KASHIN-BECK DISEASE DISACCHARIDES PYRIDINOLINE HYDROXYPROLINE URINE From Key Laboratory of Etiologic Epidemiology of Ministry of Health, Institute of Kaschin-Beck Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Supported by research grants to Prof. J. Yang. W. Dong, MD; Y. Zhang, MD; H. Liu, MM; B. Gao, Senior Laboratory Master; D. Li, Senior Laboratory Master; J. Yang, MB, Professor, Director, Institute of Kaschin-Beck Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University. Address reprint requests to Dr. W. Dong, Institute of Kaschin-Beck Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Accepted for publication November 27, 2008. Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a degenerative disease of the peripheral joints and spine in childhood that is believed to be caused by ingestion of cereal grains infected with the fungus Fusarium sporotrichiella. The disposition of KBD endemic areas in China were from northeast to Sichuan province and the Tibet plateau. This region also extended to a few areas of Russia and North Korea. KBD outbreaks prevailed in China several times in the past. Pandemic situations at the end of the 1950s and 1970s were severe and extensive; 14 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions were involved. The population in the endemic area was over 30 million1. By the end of 2003, there were about 810,000 patients all over the country2. It is necessary to study the current status of patients with KBD and therapeutic remedies. KBD is a specific kind of osteoarthritis (OA) and its pathologic changes are identical with those of OA in principle3. Some OA markers reflecting the matrix and collagen degradation of cartilage may also be used in evaluation of patients with KBD. The markers we selected included unsulfated chondroitin sulfate disaccharide (∆Di-0S), chondroitin-4 sulfate disaccharide (∆Di-4S), chondroitin-6 sulfate disaccharide (∆Di-6S), pyridinoline (PYD), and hydroxyproline (HYP). There are no reports on these biochemical markers for adult KBD patients to date. ∆Di-0S, ∆Di-4S, and ∆Di-6S are products of chondroitin sulfate (CS). In articular cartilage, CS and keratan sulfate chains are the main kinds of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). GAG chains are covalently attached to the protein cores of Rheumatology The Journal of on July 6, 2015 Published by www.jrheum.org Downloaded from 817 Dong, et al: Kashin-Beck disease individual proteoglycan molecules, and proteoglycans are the major components of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage4,5. In the process of articular cartilage breakdown, there is increased damage to resident matrix molecules, with upregulation of synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan. These new molecules are also subject to degradation. Degradation products are released to body fluids, where they can be detected6. The hydroxypyridinium crosslinks of collagen, PYD and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), are formed during the extracellular maturation of fibrillar collagens and are released upon the degradation of mature collagens. The 2 components show a high specificity for skeletal tissues. While PYD is found in cartilage, bone, ligaments, and blood vessels, DPD is found in bone and dentin only7. Once bone matrix degradation occurs, PYD and DPD as the breakdown products of collagen are excreted in urine. The 2 markers change prior to bone density and can be monitored successively for observing the longterm changes of bone metabolism. Measurement of urinary HYP excretion is used to estimate collagen catabolism. Degradation of bone collagen releases free 4-HYP and peptides containing 4-HYP into the plasma. Most of the free HYP is reabsorbed by the tubules, while essentially all the filterable HYP-containing peptides pass through the kidneys. Urinary HYP measurement is particularly useful in monitoring treatment and progression in metabolic bone diseases8. Our aim was to evaluate the present pathologic conditions of patients with KBD and collect baseline data for a future prevention study. We also studied correlations between the markers and the disease, and discuss the prospects for application of those indexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diagnosis and grading criteria for KBD (GB 16003-1995)9. The premise for adult KBD was that patients had ever lived in an endemic area and were sick during childhood. Grade 1 disease. On the basis of the above premise, patients were classified as having Grade 1 disease if they showed multiple symmetrical joint thickening of fingers or other limbs, had difficulty in bending and stretching activities, and had slight muscular atrophy and pain. Physical signs were characterized by interphalangeal joint thickening. Grade 2. Patients were classified as having Grade 2 disease if, on the basis of grade 1 disease, symptoms and physical signs were aggravated. Patients flex their fingers with difficultly and are unable to touch the palm with fingertips when they clench a fist. The joint movements of wrist, elbow, knee, and ankle are plainly difficult, and muscle atrophy of all 4 limbs is severe. The physical signs are significant thickening of interphalangeal joints, brachydactyly, and phocomelic limbs. Examples of hands of patients with Grade 1 and Grade 2 KBD are shown in Figure 1. Selection of patients.We recruited patients with KBD from Guanghui village, Yabuli town, Heilongjiang province, China, one of the areas endemic for KBD. A total of 1047 adult residents lived in the village (538 men, 509 women) and 282 were aged over 40 years. Of these 282 residents, 80 were diagnosed as having KBD through clinical examination. Finally, 55 patients were selected, 33 classified for the Grade 1 group and 22 for the Grade 2 group. The criteria for inclusion were age over 40 years, and grading according to the clinical diagnosis criteria for KBD9. The exclusion criteria were history of or active presence of other bone or cartilage disease or other illness known to affect bone metabolism (i.e., Paget's disease, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, cancer, or alcoholism); severe articular inflammation confirmed by examination; traumatic knee lesions; substantial abnormalities in hepatic, renal, or metabolic functions; overweight, defined as a body mass index > 30; and use of intraarticular or systemic corticosteroids in the 3 months preceding enrolment. The exclusion methods included examination of medical records, physical examination, and routine urine test. Participants for the control group were 25 healthy local residents over 40 years old, with no evidence of KBD, and following the exclusion criteria for patients. Further, controls were not taking hormone treatments or any other drugs known to affect bone metabolism. The total number of participants was 80 persons. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Harbin Medical University Endemic Control Center and the local village committee, according to the Helsinki Declaration. All subjects provided oral informed consent to participate. The Chinese clinical trial registration number for the study is ChiCTR-TRC-00000140 (http://www.chictr.org/). Sample collection. The first-time urine of participants was collected in the morning; 2% chlorhexidine acetate was added to urine samples as antiseptic, and samples were stored at –80°C until measurement. Purification of unsaturated disaccharides from urine. Purification was performed as described with minor modifications10. A 200-μl quantity of 15 mM acetic acid containing 10% NaCl was added to 100 μl of sample. The mixture was heated in a boiling water bath for 5 min and cooled in an ice bath, and the solution was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 min. A 260-μl portion of the supernatant was transferred to a centrifugal filter containing 20 μl of 0.10 M NaOH on the filter. After centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 40 min, the retained sample was washed twice with 0.20 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) and then dissolved in the buffer. The purified sample was digested with 5 μl CSABC lyses (0.1 U) for 3 h at 37°C.After digestion was completed, the samples w


This paper deals with a fuzzy/possibility representation of measurement uncertainty that often arises in physical domains. The construction of the possibility distribution is based on the stacking up of probability coverage intervals. The paper shows that the specificity of the possibility distribution depends on the nature of the a priori information available about the entity under measurement. In particular the following commonly occurring situations reflecting different amounts of a priori information are considered: only the mean, or the mode of the underlying infinite support continuous probability distribution is known; in addition, a dispersion parameter and/or shape information such as symmetry and unimodality are known. The associated possibility distributions are determined from probability inequalities and represent the maximal unpresumptive distribution consistent with available knowledge. They allow to determine the impact of each piece of information on the reduction of coverage interval lengths.


Abstract Where a range is given, available observations differ. In most cases the differences are thought to be real, arising from differences in the rubber specimens, rather than from errors of observation. Where a single value is given, it is either because no other observations are available or because there seems to be no significant disagreement among values within the errors of observation. Where no value is given, no data have been found. Where dashes are shown, either the physical measurement is impossible or the constant in question is not adequately defined under the given conditions. Values are given, in most instances, in terms of the units used by the respective authors. Where the calorie has been used, it may be defined, with sufficient accuracy for the purposes of these tables, as the thermochemical calorie, which is equal to 4.1840 joules. The kilogram weight is taken as 980.665 dynes (0.00980665 newton). Values are given for 25° C and 1 bar (=106dyne cm2=106newton m−2), equivalent to 0.98...


We report a case of a young patient suffering from very-high risk B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) refractory to first-line therapy with early central nervous system relapse, sequentially treated with inotuzumab. At this timepoint, the patient showed persistent transfusion-refractory thrombocytopenia (platelets < 5000/uL), fever and cytomegalovirus infection. A bone marrow revaluation showed complete remission of ALL, but hemophagocytic elements and activated macrophages were present. At physical examination, the spleen was palpable. Blood chemistry showed hyperferritinemia (1419 ng/mL, normal range 24–336), NK cells suppression (11 cells/microL, minimum value 90) and IL-6 increase (119.1 pg/dL, normal values < 1.8). Triglycerides and fibrinogen were normal. A diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was made according to HLH-2004 criteria. The patient was treated with the IL-1 inhibitor anakinra at escalating dosage. After an initial improvement in altered HLH parameters, a clinical worsening occurred with progressing thrombocytopenia and anemia and a remarkable increase in ferritin (4066 ng/mL). The patient then underwent rituximab-based salvage treatment but died due to HLH and B-ALL progression. HLH could be a rare complication in ALL patients. Despite increasing biological knowledge, prognosis remains poor, and more efforts are needed in order to improve survival in these patients.


When designing an RF module from an early stage, the procedure starts with the definition of a list of system requirements that shall be flow-downed to each subsystem specification. One of the most challenging specifications is related to the spurious and its influence in other parameters such as linearity, noise figure, voltage spikes, S/I, etc. Concerning to carrier related spurious, the biasing networks usually have decoupling elements to mitigate noise effects. Nevertheless, if any noise source is not detected and considered in the design, the noise level could overcome the system specification, degrading its performance. The contribution in this paper is to stablish an easy prediction method, through the use of well-known characteristics of analog modulations (AM) and usual RF/DC figures, to estimate the carrier related spurious when a noise source from the biasing network is coupled into the RF system. To demonstrate the validity of the prediction method, a set of tests over different RF components is accomplished, as well as some measurements over a Multi-Chip Module (MCM), once the model has been extrapolated to complex systems.


The open cluster Trumpler 16 is near the Carina nebulae (NGC 3372). There is a large amount of literature on the clusters in this region. The spectral morphology of members of Trumpler 16 has been studied by Levato & Malaroda (1982) and references therein. The cluster distance has been determined using different methods, and there is an agreement around 3.5 Kpc. This value is obviously dependeds on the interstellar absorption which may be abnormal for this cluster. Trumpler 16 is a rich cluster with a large variety of objects like WR stars, O3 stars, spectroscopic binaries and the singular η Carinae. The age estimated for Trumpler 16 is aproximately 10 7 years (Massey & Johnson, 1993). The study of spectroscopic binary systems is needed in order to tackle one of the most classic problems in astronomy namely the stellar mass determination. A good knowledge of mass for individual stars allows its calibration with other stellar parameters which are most easily observable, and also permits to test current stellar evolution theories. Spectroscopic binaries in open clusters are important in yet another context. It has been proposed that the average projected rotational velocity of the stars in an open cluster depends on its content of close spectroscopic binaries and magnetic chemically peculiar stars (Abt & Sanders, 1973). Both tidal and magnetic braking are responsible for reducing the axial rotation. (Levato et al, 1987; Abt et al. 1973) We used the Jorge Sahade-2. on the blue wavelength region were recorded on a TEK1024 CCD and the one pixel resolution is 0.14Å. The usual flat-fields and bias frames were obtained each night and the wavelength calibration was done using a Th-Ar lamp. The reduction was made with the standard procedure, using IRAF 1 We have selected five stars for this project, probable members of Trumpler 16, from Levato et al. (1991). Three of them were chosen because the number of observations in their radial velocity curves was smaller than ten, and the other two because the authors considered them as radial velocity variables. To derive the radial velocities we have measured the Doppler shifts of


Starting from the present situation of Chinese financing lease industry,this paper analyzes on the main factors restricting the development of Chinese financing lease industry,and based on this,puts forward some countermeasures for the purpose of promoting the rapid and healthy development of Chinese financing lease industry.


trans-PdBr(N-Succ)(PPh3)2 (1) is a universally effective precatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of benzylic halides with aryl- or heteroarylboronic acids. Substituted aryl halides and halogenated cyclic enones can be cross-coupled with aryl- or vinylboronic acids in excellent yields. Catalyst recycling is also demonstrated.


with coefficients which are analytic in S. This defines for us a topological space which will be denoted by U. If R is any subset of S then U(R) will denote those points of U whose base points are in R. Now there is a function D(z) analytic and not identically zero in S such that for E denoting the points of S where D vanishes the subset U(E) are possible singularities on U. However, U U(E) = U(S E) shall be a complex analytic coordinate space. If m, is the degree of 4, in the variable r, and if m = ml ... mn then the system (1) has m sets of solutions


Objective: Studies in adults characterized the role of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with conflicting results; pediatric studies are still lacking. Patients and Methods: Genotyping for the −25385C/T polymorphism of the PXR gene in 187 white children with IBD and 185 controls. Determination of colonic PXR expression in selected patients with IBD. Results: Minor allele frequency was seen in 35.6% patients with IBD and 40.5% controls (P = 0.174), although no significant differences were seen between the genotypes (P = 0.366). PXR was underexpressed in colonic tissue of 7 out of 11 Crohn disease and in 4 out of 5 patients with ulcerative colitis. Conclusions: We could not confirm an association of the −25385C/T polymorphism in pediatric patients with IBD.


A continuous wave noise radar receives all the echoes simultaneously. Thus, strong echoes of nearby targets mask the weak echoes of far targets. Even if the echoes are separated in Doppler and in range, the strong echo produces relatively high sidelobes at the output of the correlation receiver. The sidelobes may prevent the detection of a weaker echo. Classical methods of strong echo removal, based on point scatterer model and successive subtraction of modelled strong echoes, may fail if the strong echo is not a single reflecting point. In the paper, a new method of handling a complex strong echo is introduced, along with computer simulation results. The proposed method is based on a joint modelling of a multipoint target echo.


George Washington Truett was born on May 6, 1867, at Hayesville in Clay County, North Carolina. Reared in rural North Carolina, he was converted in 1886, joining the Hayesville Baptist Church. He acknowledged a call to preach and was ordained in 1890 by the Whitewright Baptist Church in Texas.

Keywords:

truett, george washington (1867–1944);
eloquent preaching, in the evangelical tradition


The possibility of determining the configuration of the boundary of a plasma penetrating from an ion source into a vacuum region free from magnetic field by means of a beam of electrons is shown. (auth)


Selected results of a project, which aim at building up knowledge on diagnostics of power transformers at Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) of Sri Lanka, are presented. This is obtained by making dielectric frequency response (FDS) measurements on large number of selected transformers as well as on insulation models. The data gathered are analysed and a database is formed.


Abstract This paper considers the implications for practice of supervision in the 1990s within the contexts of educational, political and organisational influences. Whereas previous articles have generally focused on whether the functions of education, administration and support can coexist, the contribution of this paper is to prioritise these functions and to highlight which subfunctions require greater emphasis in the current climate. It is argued that the key focus is that of accountability and service delivery. In addition, the role of the supervisor is to facilitate the integration of theory in practice, while providing direction for the practitioner to identify with social work values and principles. Self awareness remains a significant function in view of the complex nature of the work. Concerns are raised about the strengths and weaknesses of current post modern practices. This article represents an attempt to assist the supervisor in prioritizing the various functions given the need to rationali...


The bis(4,5-dihydro-3YH-pyrrole)diiodozinc(II) molecule sits on a mirror plane with the Zn atom at y=0.25, one pyrroline ring lying in the plane of the mirror and the other perpendicular to it. The I atom is in a general position. Zn-I and Zn-N distances are 2.557 (1) A, and 2.029 (7) and 2.025 (7) A, respectively


Q-switched diode lasers have been operated in a continuous-inversion mode of Q-switching at pulse repetition rates of 14 GHz with a measurement-system-limited 40-ps FWHM pulsewidth. In continuous-inversion Q-switching, the gain in the amplifier section of the device is continuously high while the laser is modulated by an intracavity electroabsorption modulator. The low-capacitance of the modulator section of a Q-switched laser makes it attractive for high-speed modulation, especially when integrated with other electronic devices.


The study was conducted with the objectives of determining the prevalence of major reproductive health problems of dairy cows and the possible risk factors in and around Kombolcha town from October 2011-April 2012. A total of 231 dairy cows were studied, out of which, 40.3 % (n=93) were affected by at least one clinical reproductive health problem. Mastitis, Abortion, Dystocia and Retained Fetal Membrane were found with prevalence of 19.3%, 9.05%, 7.75% and 7.32%, respectively. The prevalence of clinical reproductive problems showed significant difference (p 0.05) on the occurrence of reproductive problems in the area. This study revealed that the major clinical reproductive problems in and around kombolcha town were prevalent. It is recommended, therefore, that hygienic condition, feeding, housing and health management should be improved to minimize the occurrence of these problems and associated economic losses in the dairy farms of the area.


We consider whether survey density forecasts (such as the inflation and output growth histograms of the US Survey of Professional Forecasters) are superior to unconditional density forecasts. The unconditional forecasts assume that the average level of uncertainty experienced in the past will prevail in the future, whereas the SPF projections ought to be adapted to current conditions and the outlook at each forecast origin. The SPF forecasts might be expected to outperform the unconditional densities at the shortest horizons, but this does not transpire to be the case, for either the aggregate or individual respondents'forecasts.


In the Anglophone literature on local and regional development policy there are tendencies to overextension of claims from one side of the Atlantic to the other, or there is no comparative framing at all. As a result the specificity of the West European case tends to be lost. In contrast with the USA, the West European instance is very different indeed. Although there have been changes since the postwar golden years of urban and regional planning, central government remains crucial in the structuring of local and regional development and has given expression to counter-posed class forces: regional policy was historically an aspect of the welfare state as promoted by the labor movement, while urbanization policy has been much more about the forces of the political right. In the USA, by contrast, local governments and to a lesser degree, the states, have been and continue to be supreme; in contrast to Western Europe, location tends to be much more market-determined, with local and governments acting as market agents. Class forces have seemingly been much weaker, territorial coalitions occupying the center ground. As a first cut, these differences have to do with state structure: the Western European state is far more centralized, facilitating the implementation of policies that are relatively indifferent to local specificity, while in the USA the converse applies. State structures, however, are parts of broader social formations and reflect the different socio-historical conditions in which West European societies, on the one hand, and their American counterpoint, on the other, have emerged.


This article studies the data‐driven H∞ controller design of continuous‐time linear periodic systems. By treating the H∞ optimal control problem as a two‐player zero‐sum game problem, the adaptive dynamic programming technique is utilized. Based on the Newton's method, a one‐loop model‐based policy‐iteration (PI) method is introduced. Since the initial matrix for starting the proposed model‐based PI method is not easy to choose, a data‐driven value iteration method without requiring the knowledge of the initial matrix is then proposed. The convergence of the proposed methods is analyzed and the numerical simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


ABSTRACT Purpose Scholars have conducted extensive research on channel control, which includesboth unilateral and bilateral controls. Researchers have mainly focused on the impact of unilateral controls, whereas bilateral controls have been given little attention. As an important classification of channel control, bilateral controls can save the cost of enterprise channel control and are conducive to the long-term development of channel relationships. This paper aims to investigate how bilateral controls impact opportunism. We attempt to answer the following: (1) How do bilateral controls (bilateral incentives, bilateral monitoring, and bilateral enforcement) affect distributors' opportunism? (2) What is the mechanism by which bilateral controls affect distributors' opportunism? Methodology/Approach The study proposed a research model usingbilateral incentives, bilateral monitoring, bilateral enforcement, and commitment as the antecedents, and distributor's opportunism as the consequence. To test the model, we collected data from manufacturers in multiple industries, and analyzed the data from 200 valid responses using a multiple regression approach. Findings Both bilateral incentives and bilateral enforcement would respectively decrease distributor's opportunism, and bilateral monitoring would increase distributor's opportunism. Commitment has a mediating role on the relationship between bilateral incentives, bilateral monitoring, bilateral enforcement, and distributor's opportunism. Research implications Based on expectations of fairness and equitable treatment over the long run, manufacturers need to improve their commitment, and distributors need to curb their opportunism. Whereas a firm's self-monitoring of investments can meet partners' expectations, this study suggests that bilateral monitoring decreases commitment and facilitates distributor's opportunism. Managers should therefore carefully use bilateral monitoring strategies for channel management. Practical implications The study found that both bilateral incentives and enforcement can facilitate commitment and mitigate opportunism. Bilateral enforcement (versus bilateral incentives) has a larger negative impact on opportunism. Bilateral monitoring can mitigate commitments and facilitate opportunism. Additionally, our findings reveal that commitment strengthens the negative effect of both bilateral incentives and bilateral enforcement on opportunism and mitigates the positive effect of bilateral monitoring on opportunism. The findings serve as a base for marketing practitioners managing inter-firm relationships. Originality/Value This study makes two contributions to existing literature. First, it empirically tested the impact of bilateral incentives, bilateral monitoring, and bilateral enforcement on opportunism, thereby enriching the literature on bilateral controls in the marketing channel. Second, it aims to further clarify the mechanism of bilateral controls affecting opportunism. Our study laid a foundation for a follow-up study on commitment.


The aim of the present study is to try to understand the behaviour of the organisational consumers in the online environment. We have attempted to identify specific activities undertaken in the online acquisition process by the persons responsible for purchasing within the companies located in Iasi district (Romania). The results obtained within this preliminary analysis, using a sample of 15 persons so far, show that the internet is used especially for informing and placing the orders, and less for the actual payment and contacting of potential suppliers.


Patterns of leaf characteristics, forest structure, tree species diversity, bio- mass, and productivity across a gradient of 3300 m and 15.70C in mean annual temperature in Kumaun, in the Indian central Himalaya, were summarized and compared to values from other similar forests. Throughout the elevational gradient, the annual rainfall was high (100-300 cm), but not correlated with elevation. Evergreen species with a 1-yr leaf life-span dominated most of the elevational transect; above 1800 m, species with deciduous and multiyear evergreen leaves were also well represented. Although variability among sites within forest types was high, a number of consistent patterns were apparent. Forests of Pinus roxburghii and those at high elevations were most consistently different from other forest types. Leaf life-span was not strongly correlated with leaf mass, specific leaf mass, or leaf production efficiency (net primary productivity per unit leaf mass), contrary to relationships presented in the literature. Tree species richness and basal area were lower than for most similar types in Nepal. Biomass and productivity of the forests in Kumaun were relatively high, compared to mean values for similar forest types elsewhere. Measured values for most variables describing these forests (but not all) fell within the ranges for the variables in similar forests worldwide. The maximal values for forest biomass remained high, 500-600 Mg/ha, up to 2600 m elevation, but declined sharply in birch forest (_ 170 Mg/ha) above 3100 m. Net primary productivity (NPP) varied little (15-20 Mg* ha- I.yr- 1) below 2700 m, despite a 10WC gradient in mean annual temperature and marked changes in basal area, tree density, growth form, and leaf char- acters. The level of productivity appeared not to be limited by rainfall, forest structure, leaf type, or temperature above an annual mean of 1 PC. Leaf mass (LM) varied consid- erably among forest types, being 3.7-8.6 Mg/ha for deciduous species, 5.7-8.9 Mg/ha for P. roxburghii, and 10.0-28.2 Mg/ha for evergreen broad-leaved species. Leaf mass duration (leaf mass x months of the year with leaves present) was related directly to NPP and inversely to leaf production efficiency (NPP/LM). These data add substantially to the data base for forest properties, especially for broad-leaved evergreen forests.


The Introduction of the Western painting's realistically painting style represented by the Qsiqakef's teaching system has irreversibly conflicted with the Chinese painting's traditional ink and wash,which have caused caused the plural transformation of the Chinese painting.Therefore,the Chinese painting has to maintain the deep cultural motivation during the modernized cultural transformation process,and to form a certain tensile stress with such an opposite and conflicting form of art.Only by that way can the Chinese painting show the human being's value in the Chinese culture,and then to promote the Chinese culture which has had the variation in the form and will develop forever to get a more and more profound future.


To study nuclear structure and comparative size in cells of sugary maize endosperm, a method was devised for simultaneously liberating and staining their nuclei. It consists of excising from caryopses the endosperm which is then placed in aceto-carmine solution and broken into fragments with a blunt rod. After removing coarse fragments, the suspension is brought to boiling and subsequently centrifuged to separate nuclei and mitotic figures from other cell remains. Once satisfactorily stained the material is washed, dehydrated and mounted in diaphane. The nuclei and mitotic figures so derived are favorable objects for study, being free of obscuring cytoplasm.


Abstract The technical evolution of the prosthetic field is swift and the technical solutions for the limb prostheses are found in a vast number of the specialized literature, therefore for good information management, a generalized classification of the field is necessary. Based on the use of the idea diagram method, a multicriteria classification of the lower and upper limb prostheses was performed. The classification was made according to the levels of limb amputation, the way of attaching prosthetic devices to the patient, the generations of technological performance adopted over time, the areas in which these prosthetic devices are used, and the mechanisms used for generation and transmission of forces in the joints of ankle & foot prostheses. The results include general information and help novice researchers in future approaches to the field of limb prostheses.


SLC12A cation/Cl− cotransporter gene family has two major branches. The K+:Cl− cotransporters (KCC1 to KCC4) that are inhibited by phosphorylation and activated by dephosphorylation, and the Na‐coupled chloride cotransporters (NCC and NKCCs) that are activated by phosphorylation and inhibited by dephosphorylation. We have recently shown that the serine/threonine kinase WNK3 modulates the activity of the cation‐chloride cotransporters. Here we show that co‐injection of Xenopus laevis oocytes with any of the K+:Cl− cotransporters cRNA, together with the wild‐type WNK3 cRNA results in prevention of the cell swelling induced activation of the cotransporters (see 86Rb+ uptake per group in nmol/oocyte/h in the table ). In contrast, co‐injection of the K+:Cl− cotransporters cRNA with the catalytically inactive WNK3‐D294A, resulted in a markedly increase of the cotransporters activity, even in isotonic conditions in which the K+:Cl− cotransporters are normally inactive (see table ). The activation of KCC1 to KCC4 by WNK3‐D294A in isotonicity can be completely prevented by treatment of oocytes with a combination of calyculin A and cyclosporine A, which inhibit the protein phosphatase 1 and 2B, respectively. Thus, the catalytically inactive WNK3‐D294A bypasses the tonicity requirements for K+:Cl− cotransporters activation via a phosphatases dependent mechanism.


We report the inhibitory activity of silybin, a flavonolignan against the formation of early and advanced glycation end products based on fluorescence, circular dichroism and molecular interaction studies. Silybin was found to be a potent inhibitor for both the early and advanced glycation end products. The inhibition of glycation mediated fibrillation of BSA was determined based on the binding of amyloid specific dyes i.e. thioflavin T, congo red and confocal imaging. Also, we determined the protective effect of silybin towards the oxidative damage induced hemolysis of erythrocytes. The molecular interaction pattern of silybin revealed its better affinity with BSA when compared to the other natural inhibitors of glycation such as quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, and curcumin.


As part of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Startup Test Program, approximately 90 canisters will be filled with glass containing simulated radioactive waste during five separate campaigns. The first campaign is a facility acceptance test to demonstrate the operability of the facility and to collect initial data on the glass and the canistered waste forms. During the next four campaigns (the waste qualification campaigns) data will be obtained which will be used to demonstrate that the DWPF product meets DOE`s Waste Acceptance Product Specifications (WAPS). Currently 12 of the 16 canisters have been filled with glass during the first campaign (FA-13). This paper describes the tests that have been carried out on these 12 glass-filled canisters and presents the data with reference to the acceptance criteria of the WAPS. These tests include measurement of canister dimensions prior to and after glass filling. dew point, composition, and pressure of the gas within the free volume of the canister, fill height, free volume, weight, leak rates of welds and temporary seals, and weld parameters.


A striking element in the floral design of green spaces is Canna×generalis. One of the reasons for the low prevalence of this crop is the complexity of preserving planting material and its high cost. To solve the problem of preservation of Canna×generalis rhizomes grown in the Middle Urals, studies were conducted with the storage of large rhizomes (bud diameter from 2.6 cm to 4 cm) and small fractions (bud diameter from 1.0 cm to 2.5 cm) in various ways - open (air-dry) and in sand. The analysis of amylase activity, starch and sugar content at the beginning and end of the rhizome storage period, and the number of sprouted buds at the end of the storage period was performed. Open storage of C.×generalis rhizomes was found to be the optimal storage method, which was evaluated by a total of 24 points. During this storage, there was a high activity of awakening the buds before planting in the ground (more than 50%) and getting a more even seedling. This storage method is suitable for small-flowered tall cultivars of C.×generalis that form large rhizomes. Large-flowered C.×generalis must be stored with a lump of earth, since their rhizomes do not have large reserves of starch and dry up when stored in an air-dry way. Of the 9 cultivars of C.×generalis studied in the collection of the Department of introduction and acclimatization of plants, in the conditions of the Middle Urals, 4 cultivars have proved themselves well: 'Diamond' '' Rosemond Coyles' ' 'Richard Wallens',' Red king Humbert' and the old small-flowered and tall sample ' Yunnatsky', which have an annual abundant and long flowering. As a result of the monitoring of flower design in the cities of Udmurtia, it was found that C.×generalis is more widely used in the city of Sarapul, less often in Izhevsk, and in Glazov and Votkinsk it is not used.


The performance advantage of biobutanol,as a blending component of gasoline,was introduced compared to ethanol in practical use.The biobutanol production technologies of foreign developers,such as Cobalt Technologies,Gevo Company,Syntec Biofuel Company and BP Company were stressed.Meanwhile,the present situation of domastic biobutanol technologies was introduced and discussed briefly.The results showed that owing to its performance advantage,biobutanol has become one of new hot spots in biofuel industry and would have wide application market.


Polyesters, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), have been used in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields as delivery vehicles, (such as, microspheres and nanoparticles) and scaffold materials owing to their biodegradability and relative biocompatibility. Polymer degradation, dynamics of the release (rate and concentration) of drugs from the polymer matrices depends on the morphology of particles (size, shape, uniformity, pore size structure, etc). The properties of polymer particles, such as size, uniformity, porosity etc., can be tailored to alter polymer degradation and the consequent drug release profiles.


The structure of "YOU+VP" consists in South dialect generally,but not in putonghua.The reason is about the structure's source.The paper researches the structure's source from the South dialect's formation,and thinks that the structure of "YOU+VP"comes from the South dialect's common foundation——ancient Yue dialect.


In this work, we describe the design implementation, validated by experimental results, of an innovative gas sensor array for wine quality monitoring. The main innovation of this integrated array deals with the simultaneous outputs, from a single chip on TO-12 socket, of 8 different signals coming from a WO3 thin film structure heated in a linear temperature gradient mode, allowing an overall evaluation of gas sensing properties of the material in a 100°C-wide window, typically from 300 to 400°C. The implemented sensitive layer is a WO3 film deposed by RF-sputtering. Preliminary tests of gas sensing showed good responses to the target analytes for the specific application (1-heptanol, 3-methyl butanol, benzaldehyde and ethyl-hexanoate).


There was the theory of "eight sicknesses" ,which had the close relationship with Shen Yue. The material about rhythm and sickness in Wen Jing Mi Fu Lun is reliable. The "eights styles" by Shen Yue in Wen Jing Mi Fu Lun should be regarded as "eight sicknesses" ,the earliest explorer of "eight sicknesses" was Shen Yue,when he was only 20 year-old,he sought the harmony of the sound in creation,and avoided the sickness of sound,and his theory of rhythm and sickness had rich ideas.


An asymmetric semiconductor electron wave Fabry–Perot interference filter has been designed with two above‐barrier quasibound states for optical transitions. The upper state was designed to have a spatial confinement lifetime greater than three times that of the lower state (which was designed to be less than 100 fs). Such lifetime ratios and magnitudes, which are nearly impossible for below‐barrier states, satisfy the criteria required for achieving population inversion. Furthermore, the transitions were designed to have large dipole matrix elements. Absorption measurements at multiple temperatures were used to demonstrate the first bound‐to‐quasibound transitions in an asymmetric structure. The experimental energies and dipole matrix elements are in agreement with calculated values. This type of structure could represent the basis for a new room‐temperature infrared semiconductor laser.


This article reports on a leadership laboratory provided as an elective within a Bachelor degree programme in Business Administration. The core understanding of this laboratory was that people can learn leadership. Moreover, the laboratory built on the assumption that an experienced-based approach to learn about leadership offers many advantages to leadership novices, in this case students without prior work experience.


Theatre in Market Economies explores the complex relationship between theatre and the market economy since the 1990s. Bringing together research from the arts and social sciences, the book proposes that theatre has increasingly taken up the mission of the 'mixed economy' by seeking to combine economic efûciency with social security while promoting liberal democracy. McKinnie situates this analysis within a wider context, in which the welfare state's tools have been used to regulate, ever more closely, the lives of citizens rather than the operations of markets. In the process, the book invites us to think in new ways about long-standing economic and political problems in and through the theatre: the nature of industry, productivity, citizenship, security, and economic conûdence. Theatre in Market Economies depicts a theatre that is not only a familiar cultural institution but is, in unexpected and often ambiguous ways, an exemplary political-economic one as well.


This paper compares N-Well and P-Well technology using nearly identical 6 transistor core cell 1K×4 Static RAMS. The performance of these SRAMs is compared for operating range, speed, latchup, and electrostatic discharge performance.


An adhesive unilateral contact of elastic bodies with a small viscosity in the linear Kelvin--Voigt rheology at small strains is scrutinized. The flow rule for debonding the adhesive is considered rate-independent and unidirectional. The asymptotics for the viscosity or for external loading speed approaching zero is proved in some special cases, in particular when inertia is neglected or when delamination is in Mode II (pure shear). The solutions thus obtained involve certain defect-like measures recording in some sense natural additional energy dissipated in the bulk due to (vanishing) viscosity. Reflecting also the conventional engineering concept, the delamination is thus driven by stress rather than energy. An explicit example leading to a nontrivial defect measure is given. (A correction is attached to the PDF.)


Solar liquid heating systems using evacuated tube collectors currently have a better performance than flat plate collectors for high temperature operation. This is due to reduced heat losses by convection, as a result of the vacuum layer over the inner tube. The solar collectors with vacuum tubes are a novelty in Brazil, in addition, its use on a commercial scale is less than 10 years and there are many questions to be answered about their use and efficiency. To get a better understanding of the operation of this equipment, it has started a program of study through a collaboration between the NETE - UNISINOS (Study Center Thermal and Energy of University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos) and LABSOL-UFRGS (Solar Energy Laboratory of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul). The methodology consists in the numerical simulation by CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics) and validate the methodology through numerical and experimental results. The results of velocity fields and mean temperature indicate that the methodology is quite adequate.


This paper offers a new perspective on the cultural relations between Arab Muslims of the East and Christians of the West, in medieval Iberia (known as al-Andalus by the Muslims) from 711 to 1031 C.E, identifying the benefits that emerged from such relations. Evidence has been extracted from primary historical sources, including the travel writings of Ibn Hayyan and Ibn Jubayr, along with other Western sources and writings born out of the academic exchange of ideas and literature between Muslim Spain and the European states of the time. The discussion also draws upon manuscripts and studies that transcend the stereotypical images of the victors and the defeated. The main thesis of this study argues that universal values and mutual respect between Muslim and non-Muslim communities of medieval Spain were in fact the norm and not the exception. It endeavours to show that literature, in all its forms, had a significant impact on the development and maintenance of harmonious, peaceful relations between Muslims and non-Muslims (mainly Christians). The paper highlights the synthesis between the Arabic and Spanish languages, between Arabic and European poetry and between Arab and European tales and stories. The findings contest the idea of a clash of civilisations and instead demonstrate how in medieval Spain, people of various creeds and cultures communicated and interacted successfully in spite of their religious and cultural differences.


The modified Yule-Walker technique of ARMA spectral estimation is shown to be a special case of the instrumental variable method of system identification. Several recursive instrumental variable algorithms are proposed for adaptive spectral estimation. An efficient lattice algorithm is presented for solving the modified Yule-Walker equations in the overdetermined case.


AbstractThis paper presents two geometric operations--constrained curve beautification and polygonal mesh scissoring--for a sketch-based Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tool for the configuration design of automobile instrument panels. Using the proposed sketchbased CAD, industrial designers and mechanical engineers can work together closely to perform the early-stage configuration design efficiently by drawing candidate subpanel boundaries on the laser-digitized data of a clay model or a rough CAD model from design sketches. The proposed system supports two geometric operations essential to the collaborative work between industrial designers and mechanical engineers: (1) the beautification of hand-drawn curves, and (2) the scissoring of the instrumental panel to partition it into a set of sub-panels. Although similar geometric operations are available in current commercial CAD packages, they are not targeted toward early-stage collaborative work and are cumbersome and time-consuming to use. The proposed cons...


In recent years, public bicycles have achieved rapid development around the world. However, public bicycle travel is very sensitive to environmental factors. Weather and climate play a crucial role in users' choice of bicycle travel. This paper mainly studies the influence of weather and climate factors on the use of public bicycles. Taking Suzhou City as an example, the key factors such as rainfall, temperature, wind scale and Air Quality Index(AQI) level were selected, and the hierarchical linear regression and optimal scale regression were used for comparative analysis: The goodness of fit of optimal scale regression is higher than that of hierarchical regression, so the optimal scale regression result is selected as the final result of this paper. The results showed that rainfall, temperature, wind scale and $A Q I$ level all had significant effects on the number of public bicycle rides in Suzhou. Linear regression model was established, and stepwise regression analysis was used to study the leading and lagging effect of weather factors on urban public bicycle travel volume. The results showed that rainfall variable has leading and lagging effect on the travel volume of public bicycles. The results of this study can provide assistance in alleviating the negative effects of various weather factors on public bicycle travel in various ways.


This research examines the supply chains belonging to the South of Bolivar (Colombia) under a holistic perspective, which will provide important information to justify the design of projects aimed at developing the region. Based on the concept prospective using system dynamics as a method of simulation, modeling acilitates linkages between stakeholders for further understanding of the causal relationships existing and decipher their behaviors. This article shows the reader the advantages of using the simulation prospective on agribusiness production chains, as a tool to further study and assessment of possible scenarios with a view towards building a prosperous future of an area. The results achieved in the preliminary study from the shackles of Mango, Avocado, Citrus, Yam and Guan, show that the investment alternatives in order to increase the yield and number of acres harvested have the greatest impacts focused on improving quality of the inhabitants of the region.


In recent years, the growing development of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAV), Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), and 5G communication networks have led to the advent of Autonomous Intersection Management (AIM) systems. AIMs present a new paradigm for CAV control in future cities, taking control of CAVs in scenarios where cooperation is necessary and allowing safe and efficient traffic flows, eliminating traffic signals. So far, the development of AIM algorithms has been based on basic control algorithms, without the ability to adapt or keep learning new situations. To solve this, in this paper we present a new advanced AIM approach based on end-to-end Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MADRL) and trained using Curriculum through Self-Play, called advanced Reinforced AIM (adv.RAIM). adv.RAIM enables the control of CAVs at intersections in a collaborative way, autonomously learning complex real-life traffic dynamics. In addition, adv.RAIM provides a new way to build smarter AIMs capable of proactively controlling CAVs in other highly complex scenarios. Results show remarkable improvements when compared to traffic light control techniques (reducing travel time by 59% or reducing time lost due to congestion by 95%), as well as outperforming other recently proposed AIMs (reducing waiting time by 56%), highlighting the advantages of using MADRL.


A theoretial analysis of the surface charge noise at the Si-SiO2 interface is presented. The interface state charge spectral density is evaluated as a function of the interface state conductance associated with the energy dissipation due to the electronic exchanges into the interface state reservoir. The interface charge noise spectrum is investigated using different electrical models of the Si-SiO2 interface. Moreover, a compact formulation of the drain current spectral density both for enhanced and depletion mode MOSFETs is established. It allows a complete analysis of the frequency, gate bias, and temperature dependence of the noise spectrum characteristics of an MOS transistor.

Une analyse theorique du bruit de la charge de surface a l'interface Si-SiO2 est, presentee. La densite spectrale de la charge d'interface est evaluee en fonction de la conductance des etats d'interface associee a la dissipation d'energie dans le reservoir des etats d'interface. Le spectre de bruit de la charge d'interface est investigue en utilisant differents modeles electriques de l'interface Si-SiO2. De plus, une formulation compacte de la donsite spectrale de courant pour des MOSFETs a enrichissement et a depletion est etablie. Elle permet une analyse complete de la dependance en frequence, en tension de grille et en temperature des caracteristiques spectrales de bruit d'un transistor MOS.


Objective:To study the central receptor mechanism of the curative effect of scalp electroacupuncture on lateral line 1 of forehead in experimental arrhythmic rats.Methods:Barium Chlorid-induced experimental arrhythmic model was induced in Wistar rats,scalp electroacupuncture on the both area of lateral line 1 of forehead was then given.The effect of opioid-receptor antagonist naloxone(NX)injecting into periaqueductal gray(PAG) in the rats was investigated in the present study.The heart rate and the recovering time of BaCl 2-induced arrhythmia rats were recorded.Results:Barium Chlorid-induced experimental arrhythmic rats showed a increase of heart rate and the recovering time as compared with that of the normal control group,NX produced insignificant change.Arrhythmia of the rats was ameliorated by scalp electroacupuncture ( P 0.01),those effect was reversed by injecting opioid-receptor antagonist naloxone into periaqueductal gray( P 0.01).Conclusion:The effect of scalp electroacupuncture in curating arrhythmia of Barium chloride-induced rats was mediated by opioid receptors in periaqueductal gray.


Introduction. Children suffer the consequences of poor nutrition and improper eating practices for the rest of their lives. Every year, more than 3.4 million children under the age of 5 die due to inadequate feeding practices. Optimal nutrition decreases morbidity and mortality, reduces the risk of chronic diseases and promotes better development.
Material and methods. A mixed study was conducted. Quantitative study: the survey was carried out, based on a sample of 423 adults from the Republic of Moldova, who have at least one child aged 3 years. The qualitative study involved 4 focus group meetings with different categories of participants (family doctors, paediatricians, parents) and an in-depth interview – with a representative of the Ministry of Health.
Results. Aspects regarding the identification of barriers and opportunities for the development of parents' skills in the process of diversifying the nutrition of children up to 3 years of age and the evaluation of parental knowledge, attitudes and practices were reflected.
Conclusions. Although the proper nutrition for children aged 0-3 is currently being studied and argued, there are difficulties in the practical application of the diversification process, conditioned by: inadequate information of parents, lack of reliable evidence-based information sources, and the precarious socio-economic state currently existing in the country.


The purpose of the project was to evaluate pulps made from cherry heartwood and saP-1?,IOod ,_. The amount of heartwood a tree has is an individual trait of the tree rather than a function of geography or environment. Tree breeders can, through selection, reduce or increase the amount of heartwood if it is economically justifiable. Three cherry logs with 50 50 heartwood to sapwood ratio were barked and chipped at S. D. Warren Company in Muskegon. The chips were separated, heartwood from sapwood, by the color difference. The chips were cooked using 20% active alkali, 6 to 1 liquor ratio, for 1.5 hours at 175° C using an oil bath digester. The oil bath digester had six cartridges of which three were charged with heartwood and three with sapwood. The average yield for heartwood was 44.8% and the average yield for sapwood was 52.7%. The difference in yield was the most significant difference between heartwood and sapwood. The brightness of the sapwood was about 5% greater than heart wood. The Kappa number of the heartwood was 20.8 compared to 22.0 for sapwood. The mullen of heartwood was greater than the sapwood in the free ness range of 100 to 500 C.S.F. by 12 to 16%. The tensile of heartwood was greater than the sapwood in the free ness range of 150 to 500 C.S.F. by 4 to 8%.


Research questions1. What kind of risks in the supply side of HUAWEI supply chain can be identified?2. How can supply side risks of HUAWEI supply chain be assessed?3. How can supply side risks of H ...