Seventeen patients with chronic primary insomnia each received 30 daytime electrosleep treatments in two courses at two different pulse frequencies over a seven-week period. The analyses of pretreatment and posttreatment all-night sleep polygraph recordings, sleep questionnaire and mood scale responses, and 24-hour urinary steroid levels did not demonstrate any significant effect in these patients. Future research studies of electrosleep should emphasize effective double-blind techniques, objective measure of evaluation and response, and the careful delineation of patient populations which this new treatment technique may really help.


Polymer nanocomposites, the amalgamation of polymers and nanoscale fillers, have garnered substantial attention due to their enhanced properties and multifaceted applications. This study delves into the formation process and the intricate structural challenges associated with polymer nanocomposites. By systematically reviewing recent literature, this paper explores the synthesis techniques employed and the hurdles encountered during the creation of these advanced materials. The dispersion of nanofillers within the polymer matrix and the establishment of strong filler-matrix interactions are pivotal factors affecting the structural integrity and overall performance of nanocomposites. Through a comprehensive analysis of these challenges, this study sheds light on the complexities of achieving a uniform and optimized structure. The objective of this research is to illuminate the significance of addressing these structural challenges for the development of high-performance polymer nanocomposites. Employing a combination of experimental synthesis, advanced characterization, and theoretical analysis, this study aims to contribute to the advancement of nanocomposite fabrication techniques. Ultimately, by comprehending and overcoming these challenges, the door opens to harnessing the full potential of polymer nanocomposites for tailored applications in diverse industries.


The practice of trade cost measurement faces several challenges related to data quality, methodology and theory; but the major issue is that of data scarcity. Due to these facts both domestic and asymmetric trade costs have been ignored despite being a feature of modern trade models. This paper offers a two-step procedure to tackle these limitations and fill the gaps between theory and p ractice. The results of this work show that domestic trade costs proportionally grow with economic size, and that international trade costs are highly asymmetric especially when trading pair sizes differ. Counterfactual simulation results that ignore domestic frictions and adopt symmetric international trade cost measures show over-predicted welfare and trade changes as a response to policy shock in larger sized countries rather than smaller countries. After the proper treatment of trade costs in the simulation, results


Correctional Bureau (BAPAS) plays a very important and strategic role in child criminal case settlement. One form of the settlement is made through diversion, for child to avoid the bad impact of formal child criminal judicature. The research employed a juridical normative research method and statute approach and conceptual approach. The role of Bapas in child criminal case settlement through diversion is quite important and strategic as set forth in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning Child Criminal Judiciary System, Government Regulation Number 65 of 2015 concerning the Guidelines on the Implementation of Diversion and Dealing with Under 12 (Twelve) Years Old Child, Regulation of Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2014 concerning the Guidelines on Diversion Implementation in Child Criminal Judiciary System. The constraints found in the diversion implementation are related to remedy for victim and non-optimal post-diversion supervision by the Correctional Advisor of Correctional Bureau (PK Bapas).


This Technical Note describes a comparison of the field behaviour of infiltration in unsaturated soil of dissimilar types with a numerical simulation. A trench excavated in undisturbed Kimmeridge clay was backfilled with crushed limestone imported fill and capped with a layer of clay. Details of the field experiment and measurement of specific moisture capacity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity are described and the results are presented. The numerical model used to simulate field behaviour is outlined. Correlation was good and the model is recommended as a predictive tool for flow through dissimilar soil types.


In female mice the influence of total-body irradiation combined with excision of skin on the blood-clotting system was examined. Whereas the general tests of plasmatic coagulation showed no significant change, a biphasic course of coagulation disturbances in thrombelastography and euglobulin-clot-lysis following combined radiation injury was found. During the first time a pronounced increase of coagulability appeared, followed by the development of a hypocoagulability due to thrombocytopenia and functional disturbances of blood platelets. In this hemorrhagic period the euglobulin-clotlysis time was accelerated, but only after combined injury. Possible reasons are discussed.


Abstract. Crowd density estimation is an important topic in the fields of machine learning and video surveillance. Existing methods do not provide satisfactory classification accuracy; moreover, they have difficulty in adapting to complex scenes. Therefore, we propose a method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The proposed method improves performance of crowd density estimation in two key ways. First, we propose a feature pooling method named mixed pooling to regularize the CNNs. It replaces deterministic pooling operations with a parameter that, by studying the algorithm, could combine the conventional max pooling with average pooling methods. Second, we present a classification strategy, in which an image is divided into two cells and respectively categorized. The proposed approach was evaluated on three datasets: two ground truth image sequences and the University of California, San Diego, anomaly detection dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach performs more effectively and easily than other methods.


In using models that depend upon uncertain parameters and variable data, the key issues are identification of the data that most affect the model predictions. Obtaining some of these data is difficult because of the complexity of the systems and the relatively long time periods of interest. It is important to evaluate quantitatively the effects of variations in input data on output results using sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. Sensitivity can be roughly defined as the change in output brought about by a specified change in input. The main purpose of sensitivity analysis is to determine which of several inputs maybe the most important and the extent to which each input affects the output. Sensitivity studies do not usually incorporate the error range or uncertainty of the output. This distinguishes sensitivity analysis from uncertainty analysis since the latter incorporates the input uncertainties with their sensitivities into output uncertainties. There are four approaches to perform the sensitivity analysis. These are: (1) graphical illustration, (2) mathematical approach, (3) statistical approach, and (4) adjoint technique. All four techniques can be applied to an analytical model. The mathematical and adjoint approaches require that the model equation must be differentiable analytically. 8 refs., 13 tabs.


Background : Hyperuricemia is a condition of high consentration of uric acid in the blood.
Hyperuricemia can induce an interference in the kidney as renal stone. Patients who have an uric acid crystal deposition in their kidneys have a tendency to form Renal Stones. The stone formation began to occur when levels of uric acid serum at 770 mmol / L (13 mg / dl). Uric acid
not only has a role in the formation of uric acid stones, but also plays a role in the formation of other types of Renal Stones.
Objective : To determine the correlation between Elevated Uric Acid Serum Level (Hyperuricemia) with the incidence of renal stone (Nephrolithiasis).
Method : Observasional analysis with cross sectional design. Sample were 161 with the laboratorium result hyperuricemia which found from medical record of RSUD dr. Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Balikpapan during January to December 2008. The sampling technique applied was total sampling. The data were analyzed by Contingency coefficien analytic method. It was significant if p <0,05.
Result and Discussion :Based on Contingency coefficien test, there was significant correlation(Sig 0,05) between Eleveted Uric Acid Serum Level (Hyperuricemia) and Renal stone (Nephrolithiasis), it shows by Sig. = 0,037 < p (0,05).
Conclusion : There was significant correlation between elevated uric acid serum level (hyperuricemia) with the incidence of renal stone (nephrolithiasis).


Cyclic strain hardening and saturation behavior of double - slip - oriented single Crystals were investigated at constant plastic shear strain amplitude (γpl) in the range of 1.3×10-4-7.2×10-3. For γpl < 2×10-3, the initial hardening rates θ0.2 are low and almost independent of γpl. For γpl> 2×10-3, θ0.2 increases notably with increasing γpl. The cyclic stress-strain (CSS) curve of crystal exhibits a clear plateau region over the plastic strain range of 5. 0 × 10 -4-4.0×10 -3, which is shorter than that of the single slip crystal (6.0×10-5-7.5× 10-3) although the saturation shear stresses are nearly the same. Even though the orientations of and crystals are on the same 001/111 boundary in the standard stereographic triangle, their cyclic deformation behaviors are quite different, such difference is mainly attributed to the rather different slip deformation characteristics induced by the different geometrical relationships between crystal orientations and corresponding slip systems for these two crystals.


Background
Ultra low dose chest computed tomography (CT) acquisitions have been used for selected emergency room patients with acute dyspnea or minor thoracic trauma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultra-low-dose (ULD) chest CT for detecting viral pneumonia patterns compared to standard (STD) dose chest CT.

Methods
All consecutive adult patients with two non-enhanced chest CT acquisitions, one STD and one ULD, for suspicion of viral pneumonia between March 5th and April 2nd 2020 were included. CT results were divided into two groups: non-viral pneumonia CT or compatible with viral pneumonia CT based on viral pneumonia CT patterns: ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, crazy paving, air bronchogram signs and fibrous stripes. The diagnostic performance of ULD CT for suspicion of viral pneumonia was evaluated. For CTs compatible with viral pneumonia, CT pattern detection on ULD CT was assessed and STD CT was used as a reference.

Results
The study included 380 patients with 97 CTs (25.5%) compatible with viral pneumonia. The mean effective doses (EDs) were 1.66 (1.29; 2.18) mSv for STD and 0.20 (0.18; 0.22) mSv for ULD CT (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of ULD CT for viral pneumonia detection were 98.9% and 99.0%, respectively. GGO, consolidation and fibrous stripes were equally visible in STD and ULD in 100% (n=97), 36% (n=35) and 23% (n=22) of compatible viral pneumonia-CT patients, respectively. Air bronchogram sign detection was equivalent, concerning 23% (n=22) of patients in STD and 22% (n=21) in ULD. Crazy paving was visible in 24% (n=23) of patients in STD and only 8% (n=8) in ULD (P=0.003).

Conclusions
In comparison to STD dose chest CT, ULD chest CT, with a mean reduction dose of 88.0%, has comparable diagnostic performance for detecting viral pneumonia on CT.


Printed circuit board manufacturing uses purified water for many of its manufacturing processes. This water doesn't come free. Not only is there a cost to purchase and further purify the water, there is a cost to dispose of it. Beyond economic issues, there is increasing pressure to limit the supply and disposal of industrial water. These factors and many others make water recycling very attractive. An effective water program must balance required recycled water quality, wastewater contaminant types and the capabilities of various decontamination processes. A case study of the development of one such recycle program is presented.


OBJECTIVE
To examine changes in bone and body composition of adolescent female artistic gymnasts (GYM; n = 7), level 5+, compared with nongymnast controls (CON; n = 10) over 3 years.

STUDY DESIGN
Areal bone mineral density (aBMD; g/cm(2)), bone mineral content (BMC; g) and bone area (cm(2)), of the total body (TB), total proximal femur (TPF), trochanter (Tr), femoral neck, lumbar spine (LS), and distal radius were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST; g), fat mass (g), and percent body fat (%FAT) were also assessed.

RESULTS
No initial differences in height or weight between GYM and CON were observed, and both groups demonstrated parallel increases in these parameters over time (P <.05; h(2) >or=0.15). At baseline, GYM possessed significantly lower %FAT and higher aBMD at all sites (except TB; P <.05; h(2) >or=0.15). Over 3 years, GYM increased more than CON (P <.05; eta (2) >or=0.15) in TB, Tr, and TPF aBMD, TB and LS BMC, and FFST.

CONCLUSION
Female adolescents participating in competitive artistic gymnastics training over 3 years have enhanced rates of aBMD, BMC and FFST accrual.


The genomic DNA of pseudorabies virus TK-/gI-gene-deleted strain was extracted and digested by restriction enzyme, and cloned the fragment which containing the whole PK gene into the AscⅠ site of pPolyⅡ.We inserted the report gene of LacZ into PK region of deleting the sequence of SphⅠand NdeⅠ.Thus,we have constructed the intermediate transfer vector of P8AA-lacZ.We transfected the PK-15 cell lines with the P8AA-lacZ and genome of TK-/gI-by Lipofectamine 2000,and apply for the homologous recombination mechanism.To screen the blue plaque under nutrient agar and purify the recombinant PRV that can stably express β-Galactosidase by serial passage of rPRV.The TCID50 of PRV-LacZ and TK-/gI-strain indicate the deletion of PK didn't impact on virus reproduction.


The macroeconomic, political, legal and social environment where the construction company operates is one of the major determinants of its performance. In a highly competitive and unstable environment, one of the critical success factors is maintaining an adaptable organizational structure so that the company can satisfy changing needs of clients and survive in a dynamic environment. Moreover, in order to sustain competitive advantage, differentiation of services by offering innovative construction and management techniques is compulsory, which implies continuous improvement of value chains. However, increasing efficiency of a construction value chain for a continuous workload is usually contradictory to the objective of having a flexible structure to cope with instabilities of demand and supply. In most of the developing countries, due to instability of economic and political environments, construction companies have to optimize their investments to enhance production and management capabilities so that they should increase efficiency, but at the same time they should not lose their adaptability to market up and downs. Due to frequent ups and downs in the effective construction demand, the general aim of Turkish construction companies is usually not to achieve efficiency for a continuous workload, but to achieve flexibility, even at a cost. Sustainability of competitive advantage depends on the balanced level of flexibility and efficiency in turbulent markets. Within the context of this paper, related and unrelated diversification strategies of Turkish contractors will be investigated. The reasons and benefits of diversification will be discussed, based on the findings of a questionnaire conducted to analyze market strategies of Turkish contractors. Results show that, by investing in sectors other than construction (tourism, health, telecommunication, etc.), contractors aim to secure a stable cash flow and survive during recessions in the construction industry. Thus, unrelated diversification is utilized to achieve flexibility. Similarly, diversification in fields related to construction helps the contractors to ensure efficiency of construction works by increased control of price, quantity and quality of supplies. As flexibility and efficiency hardly coexist, the success of companies lies in maintaining a balanced portfolio. Finally, some critical success factors for diversification will be listed, and it will be discussed how innovative Turkish contractors can be in strategic management activities to generate adequate diversification strategies. It will be concluded that construction companies should find the optimum level of diversification in order to achieve synergy, increase efficiency and yet remain flexible.


The main objective of this paper was to study consumer concern for ethical and environmental issues regarding fishing and aquaculture. Cross-sectional data was collected in Valencia, Spain. A total sample of 452 consumers was obtained. This study uses descriptive and multivariate techniques to present data, and to obtain and describe the segments. The analysis resulted in three segments: the unconcerned, the wild fish concerned and the ambivalent. These represented 27%, 35% and 39% of the sample respectively. The segments were profiled with variables age, gender, education, social class, fish consumption, attitudes towards fish, attitudes towards farmed fish, perceived knowledge about fish farming, health involvement and the type of information used when buying fish (product vs. environmental).


The article deals with questions of national kinds of fight in the system of physical education of children and stu- dents. Availability of national kinds of fight is characteristic to every nation. From ancient times fight was used as some kind of physical training of cossacks-warriors for conducting of combat operations in close combat. By now, in many countries ancient traditions of national kinds of fight were saved and methods of trainings that are used by specialists in other kinds of fights. People keep their identity due to the peculiarities of traditional culture. Ukrainian national kinds of fight are preserved in the modern system of physical education and sport as special and various exercises, as well as the range of developmental and outdoor games. Broad use of elements of Ukrainian fight in the national system of physical education and sports can give a new impetus to popularizing types of martial arts and also diversity of training process in other sports.


On treatment with 75% polyphosphoric acid or TFA-H 2 SO 4 (50%) allyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3-methylbut-2-enyl-4-hydroxybenzoate afforded 4-hydroxy-3-(2'-hydroxypropyl)benzoic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutyl)benzoic acid, respectively. Mechanisms of these reactions are discussed.


SummaryBlack currant bushes of nine varieties were graft-inoculated with reversion virus and compared with healthy bushes in a field trial of eight years' duration. Two virulent and one relatively avirulent strain caused similar flower and leaf symptoms of differing severity.The first symptoms appeared in the year after inoculation, when they were restricted to a few shoots and yields were unaffected. Thereafter yields declined as symptoms spread to all shoots within four or five years. The characteristically glabrous flowers borne by virus-affected shoots usually developed abnormally early in spring and many abscissed prematurely. Ultimately infection with the virulent strains caused bushes to become virtually barren. Fruits that did develop were small with few seeds, many of which were abnormal. One virulent strain had little effect·on bushes previously infected with the avirulent strain, which alone halved yield and caused slight symptoms that spread slowly.Annually the first-formed leaves subtending t...


THE NATIONAL DRIVER REGISTER WAS CREATED BY THE U.S. CONGRESS IN 1960 TO MAINTAIN RECORDS IN INDIVIDUALS-NOW NUMBERING MORE THAN THREE MILLION-WHO HAVE HAD THEIR DRIVER LICENSES SUSPENDED, REVOKED, OR WITHDRAWN. HOWEVER, THIS INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO STATES AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. LEGISLATION IS PENDING IN BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS TO EXTEND THE AVAILABILITY TO CITIES AND COUNTRIES, WITH THE AIM OF DETECTING APPLICANTS WITH VIOLATIONS IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS. ONE OF THE MAJOR SUPPORTERS OF THE BILLS IS THE PRIVATE TRUCK COUNCIL OF AMERICA, WHICH WANTS THE REGISTER OPENED TO FLEET OPERATORS AND OTHER EMPLOYERS OF VEHICLE OPERATORS. AT PRESENT, ABOUT 77,000 SEARCHES OF THE COMPUTERIZED REGISTER FILES ARE MADE EACH WORKING DAY. SINCE ITS ESTABLISHMENT, THE REGISTER HAS IDENTIFIED ABOUT 900,000 UNSAFE, UNQUALIFIED, OR OTHERWISE INCOMPETENT DRIVERS WHO WERE REFUSED A LICENSE TO DRIVE A MOTOR VEHICLE. ABOUT 14,000 FALSIFIED APPLICATIONS ARE ALSO IDENTIFIED EACH YEAR.


Abstract The copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of ethylaluminum sesquichloride in toluene yields alternating copoly-mers, independent of initial monomer ratio. The rate of polymerization is not influenced by the presence of an excess of either monomer, the conversion curves following a parallel course at a given total monomer concentration. When the concentration of the AlEt1.5Cl1.5 and the S/MMA ratio are kept constant and the total monomer concentration is increased, the polymerization rate increases and reaches a limiting value at a S/MMA/Al ratio of 2:2:1. A similar result is obtained when the total monomer and the AlEt1.5Cl1.5 concentrations are kept constant and the S/MMA ratio is varied. When the concentration of either monomer and the AlEt1.5Cl1.5 concentration are kept constant and the concentration of the other monomer is varied, the polymerization rate reaches a limiting value at the same mole ratio, irrespective of which monomer is varied. The rate of polymeri...


Computing matching cost by Convolutional neural networks(CNNs) work well in fetching accurate dense disparity maps. But these methods still have problems: (1) they always employ equal weights for left and right images in convolutional layers, losing relational information of patches; (2) they don't solve the balance between patches' size and processing efficiency, the larger size the more information but slower. The proposed multi-scale CNN structured method fetches contexts by employing down-sampled images, this increases the matching accuracy without enlarging the input patch. A multi-scale cross-based aggregation algorithm is proposed to further refine the performances. Proposed method achieves challenging performance against state-of-the-art methods with an error rate of 4.77% in KITTI non-occluded section.


Background: The origin of extraordinarily rich biodiversity in tropical forests is often attributed to evolution under stable climatic conditions over a long period or to climatic fluctuations during the recent Quaternary period. Here, we test these two hypotheses using Dracaena cambodiana, a plant species distributed in paleotropical forests.


This paper proposes novel algorithms for data-point and feature selection of motor imagery electroencephalographic signals for classifying motor plannings involved in car- driving including braking, acceleration, left steering control and right steering control. Variants of neural network classifiers such as linear support vector machines, and kernel-based support vector machines including radial basis function kernel, polynomial kernel and hyperbolic kernel have been applied to classify the various cognitive tasks. Experimental finding reveals that the proposed data-point and feature selection technique altogether provides better classification accuracies (more than 88%) for all cognitive tasks in comparison with using factor analysis for data-point reduction and feature selection. It is also observed that power spectral density and discrete wavelet transform features are selected among the list of electroencephalographic features for holding the top two rank values for cognitive task classification during car-driving. From the experimental result, it is confirmed that support vector machines with radial basis function along with power spectral density outperforms the remaining feature-classifier pairs in terms of average classification accuracy.


We review our recent works on passively mode-locked lasers functioned by carbon nanotubes. Researches are focused on the diversified structures of the nanotube mode-lockers as well as the ultrashort laser cavity configurations for telecom applications


This study contains a listing and description of the traditional village sites of the Ponca Indians. Five princi pal sources of information have been utilized: standard published historical references; archival materials; the J. 0. Dorsey "Omaha Map;" oral testimony gathered from Ponca informants in connection with the Omaha land claims case in 1912 and 1914; and information secured by the author from Ponca informants, including a listing and description of all sites known to him prepared by Peter Le Claire, the Ponca historian. Throughout the study an attempt is made to synthesize all available ethnographic, historical, and archaeological data. Thirty-one separate villages or camps are noted in the study, 21 of which are named in either Seg/'ha (the Indian language) or English. Archaeological work has been done at five of the sites. At two of the sites this work has yielded materials of the Redbird focus, esti mated to date between A.D. 1600 and 1700, and mater ials at two others are not inconsistent with a Redbird focus identification. The fact that two Redbird focus sites have been independently identified as long standing villages of the Ponca tribe, with associated native names, together with other data on Ponca village locations and dates, tends to confirm the identification of the Redbird focus as the archaeological remains of the Ponca Indians.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Venous to arterial CO2 gap (CO2gap) is calculated by subtracting partial pressure of arterial CO2 to central venous partial pressure of CO2 (ScvCO2). This marker has been studied in septic shock and indicates hypoperfusion when exceeds 6mmHg. Its kinetics and applicability in cardiogenic shock (CS) are unclear, being mixed/central venous saturation and lactate more commonly used.

 The objective of the study is to describe CO2gap kinetics in patients with CS. Secondary objective is to analyze if CO2gap is as marker of prognosis in CS.

 Prospective observational study that included patients admitted for CS in the Acute Cardiovascular Care Unit of a tertiary hospital. Gasometric samples were obtained at admission, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours from the onset of shock. In-hospital mortality was registered.

 We included 40 patients with CS during 1 year. Most patients were male (80%), average age was 68 years. There was a high incidence of cardiac arrest (58%), most frequent cause of CS was STEMI (45%), in-hospital mortality was 45%, most cases from non-cardiovascular causes (61%). Refractory shock was frequent (28%). Average lactate peak was 6.02 mmol / L. CO2gap kinetics consisted in a peak at admission (8.8mmHg), a valley 6h (7.7mmHg), new peak at 12h (8.5mmHg) and progressive decrease at at 24 (6.8mmHg) and 48h (5.7 mmHg). Significantly, higher CO2gap values at admission (10.97mmHg vs 8.16mmHg, p = 0.007) was predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Lactate values at 6, 12 and 48 hours were also predictors of cardiovascular mortality, as well as ScvO2 at admission.

 Patients with CS present with high CO2gap values during first hours of admission. The kinetics of this marker consists in two peaks at admission and 12 hours from CS onset, a valley at 6 hours and a progressive decrease at 24 and 48 hours. Its determination at admission is associated with cardiovascular mortality. We suggest the potential benefit of combining this marker, along with lactate and ScvO2 values, to guide management of patients with CS. Abstract Figure. CO2 gap and cardiovascular mortality


In this study, the role of the oxygen in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs before and after semi-on state stress were discussed. Comparing with the electrical characteristics of the devices in vacuum, air and oxygen atmosphere, it is revealed that the oxygen has significant influence on the characteristics and the degradation of the device after semi-on state electric stress. Comparing with in the vacuum, the gate current increased an order magnitude in the oxygen and the air atmosphere. While the maximum drain current increased more obviously in saturated region than that of in linear region, which means the characteristic of the devices in the oxygen is related to the electric field between the gate and the drain. During semi-on state electric stress with oxygen, the electric-field-driven oxidation process promoted the oxidation of the nitride layer. Meanwhile, the hot carriers present in the channel during semi-on state stress may scatter to the AlGaN/SiN interface to reduce the oxygen molecules to O2− or generate hole-electron pairs via impact ionization.


To enhance torque and frequency characteristic of stepper motor and propose measures for improving meliorating driving power capability,experiments on single voltage,high-low voltage and frequency modulation voltage were carried out.By analyzing its operational characteristics,applying various methods to improve the driving power of stepper motor,improving front and back edge of current rising,thus maintain normal value of different phases in high-frequency and low-frequency so as to improve the motor's torque-frequency characteristics while in operation.


Measurements of simple and induced loudness adaptation were made on 10–12 musicians and 10–12 nonmusicians by the method of successive magnitude estimations. Simple adaptation (SA) was measured for a 500‐, 1000‐, or 4000‐Hz tone presented monaurally for 3 min at 10 dB SL. Induced adaptation was measured for a continuous 1000‐Hz, 60‐dB SPL right‐ear tone; loudness was judged before, during, and after each occurrence of an intermittent inducer tone set to five frequencies from 500–3260 Hz and presented every 30 s for 10 s to the same ear (ipsilaterally induced adaptation, IIA) or to the left ear (contralaterally induced adaptation, CIA). We also measured CIA with a rapid intermittency of every 1 s for 0.5 s. The level of the inducer was 60 dB for CIA and 75 dB for IIA. Musicians showed less adaptation than nonmusicians whatever the type of adaptation: For the musicians, the maximum loudness decrease was 44% under SA, 30% under CIA, 30% under IIA; for the nonmusicians, this maximum was 70% under SA, 70% unde...


:An experiment involved plant species, soil types and soil covering thickness with randomized block design was carried out. The results showed that the major factor which affected emergence rate was plant species. Big size seeds had higher emergence rate than the small ones under the same covering thickness or any covering soil. 0.5 cm soil covering thickness could obtain 50% above emergence rate whatever soil types were covered. The thickness of soil covering for big, medium and small size seeds was less than 3.0 cm, 1.0cm and 0.55 cm, respectively. The optimum soil type was sandy loam soil, followed by clay loam, sandy soil.


The utility model provides a medical ultrahard guide wire comprising a guide wire hard core rod, a spring chip and an elastic retractable part. An accommodation chamber is disposed in the guide wire hard core rod, and one end of the guide wire hard screw is provided with a connection end surface. The spring chip is provided with a fixed rod and an elastic extension arm. The fixed rod and the elastic extension arm are connected together into one integrated body. The fixed rod is fixedly disposed in the accommodation chamber, and the elastic retractable part is sleeved on the elastic extension arm. One end of the elastic retractable part is fixedly connected with the connection end surface, and the other end of the elastic retractable part is provided with a top bead. By adopting the special structure, the guide wire is cooperated with the auxiliary sleeve pipe, which is exactly attached to the elastic retractable part, and the gap therebetween can be small. By using the guide wire provided in the utility model, the scratching of blood vessels of tissues can be prevented, and strong scraps of tissues can not be stuck in the blood vessels.


Animal-vehicle collisions (AVCs), and deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) in particular, are a major safety problem on roads in Virginia, United States. Mitigation measures such as improved fencing and location-specific driver alerts are being implemented and evaluated in Virginia and elsewhere. One of the most promising mitigation methods uses a buried cable animal detection system (BCADS) to provide roadside or in-vehicle warnings to approaching drivers based on the active presence of an animal on or near the roadway. In this study, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) in collaboration with the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) implemented and monitored the performance of a BCADS on a public road to provide a real-world assessment of system capabilities and possible operation issues. Concurrently, a flashing light "Deer Crossing" warning sign was installed at the site and linked with the BCADS to alert approaching drivers when an animal crossing was detected. Continuous video surveillance data were collected for a year to monitor animal movement, vehicle traffic, and system performance. Study findings indicate that the BCADS is capable of detecting larger animals such as deer, and sometimes smaller animals such as coyotes, with almost 99% reliability. The system also performed well when covered by approximately 0.6 m (2 ft) of snow. Vehicle speed and brake light application data collected during warning sign activation showed that approximately 80% of drivers either braked or slowed in response, indicating that the sign was effective. A 75% reduction in deer-vehicle crashes was observed in the first year after system deployment.


This study surveyed underachieving gifted students and their parents in order to: determine the extent and sources of positive and negative attitudes toward educational acceleration, compare the views of parents and students for congruence, and compare the perceptions of successful students and their parents with the views of identified underachi:ving students and their parents. Data from 15 students and their parents indicated few concerns that acceleration would have negative effects on leadership, academic achievement, or creativity. The overriding concern of parents and students was for the potentially negative effects that acceleration would have on social and emotional deve3opment. Eight of the parents indicated that they had considered acceleration for their children, seven of these decided to accelerate their children, and all but one of the seven stated that the decision to accelerate worked out well. Parents and students from the underachieving sample held generally similar perceptions of potential harm compared to a sample of successful students and their parents. (Includes 11 references) (JDD) *********** 1c***w****A********************************************** Reproductions supplied L, EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *****************Ax***************************************************


We present medium-resolution (R ∼600), mid-infrared (7.5-14 μm) spectra of 15 young planetary nebulae. Linestrengths for observed forbidden transitions are presented, and numerous broad emission features from silicates, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and silicon carbide (SiC) are observed.


This project aims to partition the processing load into two cores of a dual core processor on AUTOSAR based systems by analyzing the coupling between different application software components(ASWs). BMS implemented on AUTOSAR based single core processor using in-house developed AUTOSAR stack development tool is the reference for this work. The major part of it is data profiling, in which we find out the coupling between application software components in terms of no of interfaces, memory and task, so that we can effectively partition ASWs to achieve good parallel processing and hence improve the throughput. AUTOSAR layered architecture allows the application development independent of underlying hardware. Migrating to a dual core platform is made more simpler by the in-house developed AUTOSAR stack development tool.


This research investigates the introduction of innovative designs through content and semiotic analyses of the visual codes of two wine regions: one known to be traditional (Bordeaux) and the other to be innovative (Barossa Valley). The content analysis indicates that the Australian wines differentiate themselves by choosing various themes and styles of illustration, while still conforming to the dominant visual codes for the layout, composition, typefaces and colours. Furthermore, the semiotic analysis shows that the themes and styles of illustration introduced in the Barossa category carry 'signifieds' that are relevant to the product category. Thus, the results indicate that the Barossa wineries fulfil two conditions suggested by the literature: moderate novelty and 'ideal incongruence' (unexpected but relevant). More importantly, by analysing the meanings of the visual codes used in the two wine regions, this work decodes the elements of graphic design language for the wine category, thus elucidating how it is possible to create a wine label that is unexpected but relevant. Finally, the research allows the identification of four main strategies for brand positioning and indicates how to express them through label graphic design.


The article regards the range of pedagogical influences concerning preventive measures of teenagers' deviations of deviant teenagers during the educational process. The complex of pedagogical conditions of forming vocational skills necessary for a teacher during his work with such students is aimed at coordinated changes in the social environment and the development of student's personality as well as supporting social influences on all types of relations of a deviant student and the environment.


The book's covers are an icon: steamships, sailboats, tugs against a background of skyscrapers. The style of the piece—watercolor or gouache—owes something to John Marin and other American painters working off the New York skyline in the period. But the picture-puzzle treatment, with irregular cut-outs patched in white, is unique to the artist, the author of Manhattan Transfer. He is assembling the puzzle, trying to make the view come together. White patches rhyme with the sails of a boat in the harbor, with the prow of another arriving in the corner. These blanks lie in the same plane as deep blue, pink and green, as much a part of the picture as warehouses, smokestacks. A plane of light and color, the covers herald the world's second metropolis, as a newspaper will call it on the morning Bud Korpenning arrives by ferry, taking in something like this view. His circulation dramatizes the incessant motion of the metropolitan elements. The prospect before him as he lands, a watery mirage, reflects its shimmering flux. The book's image repertory, what Bud and others see, is its most radical and convincing feature, the source of its enduring interest. Its verbal pictures can be assimilated to modern art that its author knew and perhaps drew on in his mind's eye (Spindler 392-400). These give Manhattan Transfer its period flavor but hold up the story at every turn. The author's gallery of urban images afflicts the narrative develop-


It is known, reaction time increases with age. Agility time, enriched by a motor component is investigated less. Therefore the aim of this study was to determined age-related differences in disjunctive reaction-speed abilities, where the result is an agility time. Data were obtained by agility test adapted to the specific needs of table tennis using FiTRO Agility check device. Subjects of testing were table tennis players from 20 to 70 years devided into four age categories. We assumed a statistically significant differences between agility time in these categories. We assumed a significant relationship between agility time and age. One-way ANOVA indicated a significant differences in agility time between categories (F(2,46) = 10,2; p < 0,001). Pearson correlation coefficient indicated significant relationship between agility time and age (r = 0,53; p < 0,01. We found a significant difference between motor reaction to the forehand and backhand side. It was shorter to the forehand in each age category. Our study showed the age-related changes in disjunctive reaction-speed abilities.


We discuss various formulations of null polygons in full, non-chiral N = 4 superspace in terms of spacetime, spinor and twistor variables. We also note that null polygons are necessarily fat along fermionic directions, a curious fact which is compensated by suitable equivalence relations in physical theories on this superspace.


The present invention enables a packet, in which packet information is set, to be transmitted between a plurality of apparatuses using protocols in different layers. This gateway apparatus is installed in a core network of a mobile wireless communication system and is connected as a gateway to another network other than the core network, the gateway apparatus having: an extracting means for extracting first information set in a first packet received from a relay apparatus for relaying a packet between the gateway apparatus and a wireless terminal or from a node installed in the other network; a setting means for setting second information on the basis of the first information with respect to a second packet of a protocol in a layer different from that of the protocol of the first packet; and a transmission means for transmitting the second packet in which the second information is set to the node or the relay apparatus.


Films of pure PVA , PMMA and  PVA, PMMA doped by (FeSO 4 ) have been prepared using casting method. Transmission and absorption spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range (300-900) nm. the study of the optical properties of the deposited films  have done in order to identify the possible change that happen to the PVA, PMMA films due to doping. Optical constants like refractive index , extinction coefficient calculated and correlated with doping. Keywords: PVA,PMMA , casting method, optical properties, Effect of (FeSO 4 ) Doping.


The roadmap of semiconductor fabrication predicts that the semiconductor market will demand 65 nm node devices from 2004/2005. Therefore, an Ultra-Line-Narrowed F2 laser for dioptric projection systems is being developed under the ASET project 'The F2 Laser Lithography Development Project.' The target of this project is to achieve a F2 laser spectral bandwidth below 0.2 pm (FWHM) and an average power of 25W at a repetition rate of 5 kHz. Accurate measurements of the laser spectrum and of the laser wavelength stability are therefore very important. We therefore developed a VUV wavemeter with a Br-lamp to measure the absolute F2 laser wavelength. We obtained 157.631 nm for the main F2 laser transition using the Br-lamp reference lines at 157.4840 nm and 157.6385 nm. We have also developed a VUV high-resolution spectrometer to measure spectral profiles, which was calibrated by 157 nm coherent light source (157CLS). The 157CLS is a very narrow line-width, which can be approximated by delta function. The 157CLS had a line-width of 0.008 pm (Full-Width-At-Half- Maximum, FWHM) and a power of 0.1 mW. The instrument function of the high-resolution spectrometer measured by the 157CLS was 0.10 pm (FWHM). As a result, the deconvolved FWHM of the ultra-line narrowed F2 laser is 0.12 pm, the deconvolved spectral purity containing 95% of the total energy (E95) was less than 0.45 pm.


Abstract In actual operation, the operating environment temperature of thermoelectric devices are constantly changing and rarely remain stable, and the electrical output characteristics of thermoelectric devices are largely determined by thermoelectric materials. In response to this question, the thermoelectric properties of thermoelectric materials (p and n type Bi 2 Te 3 {\mathrm{Bi}_{2}}{\mathrm{Te}_{3}}) are measured under different temperature difference environments. The Seebeck coefficient, resistivity, and thermal conductivity of the specimens at T = 300 – 600 KT=300\text{--}600\hspace{0.1667em}\text{K} were measured by CTA-4 and CLA1000 (laser flash method), respectively; the thermal and electrical output responses of the thermoelectric materials under different temperature difference conditions were collected in real time by using a self-built thermoelectric performance test platform, thermal/electrical test system with infrared thermal imager, and voltage acquisition system, respectively. The experimental results show that when the temperature difference between the two ends of the specimen increases uniformly, the electrical output signal amplitude also increases uniformly; when the temperature difference is stable, the two ends of the specimen also produce a stable electrical output signal. After stabilization, the electrical output signal amplitude also decreases uniformly when the temperature decreases at a uniform rate. In the temperature range of 298 ∼ 573 K298\sim 573\hspace{0.1667em}\text{K}, the larger the temperature difference between the two ends of the specimen was, the larger the amplitude of the electrical output signal was after stabilization; and vice versa. The greater the loading rate of the thermal load was, the greater the rate of increase of the electrical output signal amplitude at both ends of the specimen was, and the steady-state equilibrium time required was less.


Various aspects of ozone toxicity are discussed, including pulmonary function testing on humans, morphological alterations in the lungs of model animals, effect on bacterial clearance from the lungs, biochemical changes, and mutagenic effects, Although not a complete review of ozone toxicology, this paper does provide insight into the problem of setting an occupational exposure limit on ozone and does point out deficiencies in available data. An occupational exposure limit of 0.1 ppm, with peak exposure at 0.2 ppm is recommended.


Pre-freezing is an important stage in freeze-drying processes. For the lyophilization of a cell, freezing not only plays a role for primary dehydration, but it also determines the amount of residual (intracellular or extracellular) water, which in turn can influence the solution properties and the choice of operation parameters. The freezing of human platelets in lyoprotectant solution is theoretically investigated here. A two-parameter model and an Arrhenius expression are used to describe cell membrane permeability and its temperature dependency. It is assumed that the intracellular solution is composed of four components: sodium chloride, trehalose, serum protein and water, while the extracellular solution consists of three components. Non-ideal solution behaviors are predicted using measured data. The concentration of maximally freeze-concentrated solution is estimated on the basis of an assumption of solute hydration. The impacts of lyoprotectant composition and extracellular sub-cooling on intracellular supercooling and residual water content in the cell are analyzed. The values of activation energy of hydraulic permeability at low temperatures are tested to study their impact on the critical cooling rate. As the mass fraction extracellular lyoprotectant (trehalose+bovineserum albumin) increases from 5 wt% to 20 wt%, the intracellular water content at the end of freezing does not change, but the intracellular solution undergoes much higher super-cooling degree. Increasing the mass ratio of trehalose to bovine serum albumin does not change the intracellular water content, but can mitigate intracellular super-cooling. While 0.05 mol/kg trehalose is loaded into platelet, the total quantity of residual water at the end of freezing may raise by 4.93%. The inclusion of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) in protectant may bring negative impacts to the drying stage by increasing the residual water content and lowering the drying temperature.


Developing a tourist activity in a locality and transforming it into a tourist destination is a complex task because it depends on a series of indispensable aspects in its construction, that is, to overcome the condition of possessing tourism potential and insert elements that can add value to this discussion, which are: public and private authorities directly and indirectly related to the activity, as well as local social agents, based on their representativeness. The objective of this essay was to analyze and subsequently construct a diagnosis for the process of constitution of the tourist destination, taking into account aspects such as: composition, relevance and implications concerning the efficiency of the tourist activity, which made possible to realize a parallel between the conceptual questions about tourist destination and its functionality.


Learning platforms have become an increasingly useful tool for university courses, particularly distance courses. In this chapter I compare two learning platforms, Fronter and Claroline. The learning platforms were used with three different language courses, all of which were on campus courses in order to ascertain the benefits of using such platforms. The hope was that the quality of submissions would increase as well as the commitment to the course. The results show that there were many benefits to the platforms ranging from increased quality to greater group unity to decreased administration.


Over the past 20 years, Bangladesh has witnessed strong competition among microfinance institutions. Using program-level panel data from 2005-2010, this paper studies the microfinance institutions' recent competitive roles in their pricing of products, targeting strategies and portfolio shifts, as well as their ability to recover loans. The findings do not support the view that newer microfinance institutions are less risk-averse in their targeting, or that increased borrowing among households due to microfinance institution competition has lowered recovery rates. There is also a considerable urban-rural distinction; although newer microfinance institutions tend to attract riskier clients in urban areas, the opposite is true in rural areas. Loan recovery rates are also the highest among the newest microfinance institutions for women in rural areas, suggesting that microfinance institutions may offer distinct products in these areas to attract better-risk clients. The portfolio of newer microfinance institutions also has a greater share of lending for agriculture, and fewer savings products.


Neutronic analysis of comparation UN-PuN fuel and ThN fuel for 300MWth Gas Cooled Fast Reactor long life without refueling has been done. Gas Cooled Fast Reactor is a Generation IV reactor with gas coolant (i.e. helium) and using fast spectrum neutron. The neutronic calculation was carried out using SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code) version 2006 under the Linux Operating System with nuclear data library JENDL4.0. The first calculation is fuel pin cell calculation (PIJ-method) by using a hexagonal cell and then followed by the calculation of the core reactor (CITATION-method). The calculation of the core reactor used homogeneous and heterogeneous core configuration. The UN-PuN fuel use plutonium as a fissile material and natural uranium as a fertile material and the ThN fuel use U233 as a fissile material and natural thorium as a fertile material. The percentages of fissile material are varied in heterogeneous core configuration. It is used to decrease the peaking power in the center of the core. The heterogeneous core configuration contains of Fuel 1 (F1) 8% fissile materials, Fuel 2 (F2) 10% fissile materials, and Fuel 3 (F3) 12% fissile materials. F1 is located in the central core, F2 middle core and F3 outer core. The diameter and height active core are 240 cm and 100 cm. The reflector radial-axial width is 50 cm. All of the calculations can reach burn up time more than 20 years with excess reactivity less than 1 percent (Δk/k <1%) both UN-PuN fuel and ThN fuel. It means that the reactor stable in 20 years. The average of power density both of UN-PuN fuel and ThN fuel are around 66 Watt/cc. The maximum power density of UN-PuN fuel is 94Watt/cc and ThN fule is 129Watt/cc. The UN-PuN fuel has lower maximum power density value than ThN fuel. So, for fast neutron spectrum reactor especially Gas Cooled Fast Reactor type, it is better used UN-PuN fuel than ThN fuel.


Monovalent cations such as Li (1 mol%) co-doped in GdAlO3:Eu3+ phosphors were synthesised by solution combustion technique using oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH: C2H6N4O2) as a fuel. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques have been employed to characterise the synthesised nanoparticles. All the compounds crystallised are in the pure orthorhombic phase with no impurity peak. SEM showed the porous, agglomerated and irregular shaped crystallites. The crystallite size was calculated by the Debye Scherrer's method and was found to be in the range 40-45 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were carried out for GdAlO3:Eu3+ and GdAlO3:Eu3+, Li+ phosphors. The characteristic emission peaks of Eu3+ ions were recorded at 590 and 597, 615 and 627, 650 and 695 nm corresponding to 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions respectively. The PL intensity of GdAlO3:Eu3+ phosphor was improved evidently by co-doping with Li+ ions whose radius is less than that of Gd3+. The effect of co-dopant on enhanced luminescence was mainly regarded as the result of a suitable local distortion of crystal field surrounding the Eu3+ activator. These results will play an important role in seeking some more effective co-dopants. The CIE colour coordinates values of these phosphors are determined using CIE 1931 standard. These phosphors can act as a potential candidate in white LEDs and solid state lighting applications.


This contribution presents a nonlinear observer for a class of revolute/prismatic (RP) manipulators with two degrees of freedom. It is based upon the Immersion and Invariance (I&I) methodology and uses measurements of the revolute joint's relative angle and the prismatic joint's absolute position. The estimated quantities consist of the absolute rotation angle as well as the linear and angular velocities. The practical relevance of this contribution is given by the processing of the relative rotation angle measurement, provided by most commercially available encoders. For the considered system class the observability is studied and a nonlinear observer is designed using the (reduced-order) observer theorem of the I&I technique. Employing Lyapunov arguments, the asymptotical convergence of the observation error is proven.


The application of nanoparticles in several areas has grown significantly in recent years, resulting in concern related to the effects of nanoparticles in biological systems. Although nanoparticles can be produced naturally, industrially synthesized ones can affect the metabolism of a given organism due to their high reactivity. The biotransformation of nanoparticles is a result of different processes, including aggregation/agglomeration and reactions with biomolecules that will be reflected in their toxicity. Several analytical techniques, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, have been considered for the characterization and quantification of nanoparticles in biological samples. In fact, in addition to providing results in terms of nanoparticles morphology and concentration, ICP-MS-based platforms, such as LC/ICP-MS, spICP-MS, FFF (AF4)-ICP-MS, and LA-ICP-MS, among others, can yield elemental information related to molecular information. Furthermore, such combined information together with speciation analysis can enlarge our comprehension of the interaction of nanoparticles with biological organisms. Therefore, the present review describes the contribution of ICP-MS-based platforms as a tool for the evaluation of nanoparticles in distinct biological samples by providing additional understanding of the behavior of nanoparticles and their toxicity in distinct organisms.


Taking biogas decarbonization process as the theme, this paper introduces several kinds of process methods for producing dry ice by separating carbon dioxide based on biogas, relevant research results at home and abroad, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various process methods. Finally, the relevant application cases and the new direction of future development are introduced. This paper introduces the biogas decarbonization process and related equipment, which provides theoretical support for future research.


On the analysis of the shortcomings of traditional grouping, the thesis puts forward a new way which is based on fuzzy assessment. Take port engineering major for example, the paper signifies that we should establish the index system,define the values of indexes by the theory of unit system for non-structural decision with fuzzy set analysis,and assess the scores by fuzzy assessment. In this way can the students be grouped correctly according to the assessment result to reach the design aim.


The paper regards active charge balancing of Li Ion battery cells based on flyback converter topology. The topology is chosen aiming the final product cost and manufacturability. A prototype of single branch of the envisioned system is built. Verification of the operating conditions and investigation of the prototype efficiency is carried out. The influence on the circuit performance in the best case and worse case conditions is further explored by looking at selected waveforms. The obtained results could be used as a basis for future improvement of an active charge balancer.


Morphotectonic investigation by the use of geomorphic indices serves as a tool of identification in regions with active tectonic warp. Landforms in active deformation area are produced from relations of tectonic and surficial processes. One of the most significant landforms in ground is rivers that are extremely responsive to tectonic movements mainly uplift and tilting. Accordingly based on investigation of the rivers and interrelated drainage networks by the use of geomorphic indices we will be capable to achieve valuable information about tectonic record of the study area. In this study, find out of tectonic activities by utilize of geomorphic indices is surveyed in Chel River basin. In order to determine tectonic movement of Chel river basin area five different morphometric indices including Mountain Front Sinuosity (Smf), Valley Floor Width To Height Ratio (Vf), Stream Length Gradient Index (Sl), Hypsometric Curve And Integral (HI), Drainage Basin Asymmetry are applied to study area. According to generated results SL values changes between Smf value is According to generated outcome; the most active mountain fronts faults of the study area. Vf values range between in the area. Deep and narrow valleys show low Vf values <1.0, these valleys can be classified as ―V‖ shaped valleys and Vf values between 1 and 1,5 are indicate moderately active regions and Vf values greater than 1,0 can be classified as ―U‖ shaped valleys. According to generated outcome, in the study area the HI value is 0.669. High values of the hypsometric integral specify deep incision and rugged relief. Intermediate low values of the integral are related with more evenly dissected drainage basins. Asymmetry factor extensively greater than 50 suggesting tectonic tilt.


The ability to produce nanoparticles by the comminution of suspended solids is improved when using minute ceramic beads with diameters of 0.05-0.10mm in a newly developed bead mill the DYNO ® -MILL Model RESEARCH LAB RL. A detailed description of the equipment is included. Example of an inorganic pigment ground at various energy levels and feed rates is presented. Another important example is presented where an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) had been comminuted in the DYNO ® -MILL Model MULTI LAB to a size in the two-digit nanometer range.


In this paper, we analyze one of the most common UHF RFID tag antenna structures, a T-matched dipole. We for the first time derive the closed-form solutions for the resonant frequencies of tag sensitivity and backscatter responses as functions of tag equivalent circuit parameters. We apply our general analysis to a 70 mm x 14 mm T-matched RFID tag with Monza R6 and show a good agreement between the model, the measurements, and the derived formulas.


Food allergy is a significant public health problem that has increased in recent years. It affects 2 to 3% of the worldwide population and its prevalence has reached 6 to 8% in children. Furthermore, an increase in the frequency and severity of allergic reactions has been observed over the last decade (Superior Health Council, publication N°8513). According to the World Health Organisation, food allergies are the 4th largest health problem.


: With the current challenges facing the Australian coal industry, a major Australian coal miner has achieved significant improvements from the implementation of a continuous mining system, a Wirtgen Surface Miner 4200 SM, at an open cut coal mine in South East Queensland. Due to the multiple thin seam characteristics of the deposit, selective mining practices are critical. This often results in decreased productivity when using Conventional Mining (CM) equipment. The Wirtgen Surface Miner (WSM) cuts, crushes and loads coal and Interburden (IB) onto a truck in a single step and thereby replaces multiple CM equipment for ripping, stacking and loading. This paper presents an in-field study, assessing the benefits gained from implementing the 4200 SM. When implementing new technology it is important to evaluate its performance compared to the existing system. The trial program was therefore structured around Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) referring to the CM system. The evaluation contains empirical assessments combined with theoretical calculations and literature research. A key challenge of the project was to compare a continuous mining system, i.e. the 4200 SM, against a discontinuous, multi-handling mining system. A commensurable evaluation of both mining systems was achieved by defining a CM-unit. Objectives of the evaluation were productivity, unit costs, Health-Safety and Environmental (HSE) performance, deposit recovery, Run-Of-Mine (ROM) coal quality and impacts on the Coal Handling and Processing Plant (CHPP). The WSM has demonstrated increased productivity, improved HSE performance, minimised loss and dilution, positive impacts on the CHPP, more consistent particle size distribution containing more target product size, as well as significant mining unit cost savings compared to the conventional dozer rip, stack and load process. On average, the mining unit costs are reduced by about 60%, considering different rock properties in coal and IB. The fuel usage per volume mined decreases even more significantly, resulting in a reduction of carbon emissions.


AbstractThe benefits conferred upon the oxidation behaviour of the nickel based superalloy IN 738 LC by thin ( < 10 μm),amorphous, silica coatings, produced by plasma assisted vapour deposition, have been examined. During 5000 h tests in air, the coatings substantially reduced the extent of attack at all temperatures between 700 and 1000°C and the amount of spallation at 1000°C. A range of surface analytical techniques was deployed to establish that the protection afforded to the alloy at the highest temperatures, 900°C and particularly 1000°C, resulted from the silica coating acting in a unique dual role. While directly protecting the alloy, as at the lower temperatures, the silica coating was degraded sacrificially and an underlying, coherent, Al2O3 layer formed, which also was more protective than the oxide scale formed naturally on the uncoated alloy.MST/1019


Boreal ecosystems play an essential role in global climate regulation. Forests constitute pools of terrestrial carbon and are generally considered as global sinks of atmospheric CO/sub 2/, contributing to attenuating the greenhouse effect. Large amounts of carbon are also stored in boreal lakes, bogs and wetlands, partially released as CH/sub 4/ and other trace gases to the atmosphere during the spring and summer months. Human activities in the forest zone are however reducing the size of the carbon pool and climate change is triggering shorter winters and earlier thaw onset, changing the natural equilibrium. Given its global importance, there is a need to map and monitor the boreal zone, and as the changes occur on all from local, regional to global scales, fine resolution information over vast areas is required. The Global Boreal Forest Mapping (GBFM) project is an international collaborative undertaking initiated by NASDA in 1996, as a follow-on to the tropical-focused Global Rain Forest Mapping (GRFM) project [A. Rosenqvist et al., (2000)]. Utilising the L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) on the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS-1). one of the main objectives of the GBFM project is the generation of extensive, pan-boreaL SAR image mosaics, to provide snap-shots of the forest wetland and open water status in the mid-1990's. Mosaics over Canada, Alaska. Siberia and Europe have been generated, available on the Internet and on DVD free of charge for research and educational purposes. The GBFM project also entails research activities in North America, Siberia and northern Europe, aimed at advancing scientific applications of L-band SAR data in the boreal zone.


Here, we report the layering and liquid-liquid phase transition of the liquid titanium confined between two parallel panel walls. Abnormal changes in the volume and the potential energy confirm the existence of the liquid-liquid phase transition of the liquid titanium. The typical feature of the liquid-liquid phase transition is layering which is induced by the slit size, pressure and temperature. We highlight that the slit size and pressure would determine the number of the layers. In addition, with the change of the slit size, the density of the confined liquid expresses a fluctuating law. The phase diagram of the layering transition has been drawn to well understand the layering. This study provides insight into the liquid-liquid phase transition of the liquid metal in confined space.


The authors analyse and complete the results of an article by Ichtiaroglou and Voyatzis (see ibid., vol.21, p.3537 (1988)) concerning the existence of integrals of motion, logarithmic in the momenta, for two-dimensional, velocity-dependent Hamiltonians. They find a new integrable case, and establish the generality of some results found by Ichtiaroglou and Voyatzis which were presented as particular cases.


This paper deals with the problem of measurable lifting modification for stochastic processes in its most general form and with the 'product lifting problem'. Solutions to the positive are reduced to the existence of marginals with respect to product probability spaces between the ordinary product and the product whose probability measure is the restriction of the skew product of the factor probabilities to the $\sigma$-algebra obtained by adjoing either the right or left nil-null sets to the ordinary product algebra. We discuss the problem of the existence of (strong) marginals.


Based on practice of campus construction in primary and secondary schools,this paper puts forward some principles on campus planning and designing including layout,modernization and architectural poetry.The purpose is to seek for new ideas for constructing modern campus and improving culture atmosphere.The results can provide some references for architecture design.


Innovative ideation is a core factor to evaluate the innovation of graduate students,and the platform of academic communication provides a good and standardized space for study and communication between graduate students.Furthermore,the platform construction is also a necessary and key process as well as an effective approach for the improvement of their innovative ideation.


The rapid depletion of oil and the environmental impact of combustion has motivated the search for clean combustion technologies. Fluidised bed combustion (FBC) technology works by suspending a fuel over a fast air inlet whilst sustaining the required temperatures. Using biomass or a mixture of coal/biomass as the fuel, FBC provides a low-carbon combustion technology whilst operating at low temperatures. Understanding the hydrodynamic processes in fluidised beds is essential as the flow behaviours causing heat distributions and mixing determine the combustion processes. The inlet velocities and different particle sizes influence the flow behaviour significantly, particularly on the transition from bubbling to fast fluidising regimes. Computational modelling has shown great advancement in its predictive capability and reliability over recent years. Whilst 3D modelling is preferred over 2D modelling, the majority of studies use 2D models for multiphase models due to computational cost consideration. In this paper, two-fluid modelling (TFM) is used to model a 3D circulating fluidised bed (CFB) initially focussing on fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) particles. The transition from bubbling to fast fluidisation over a range of velocities is explored, whilst the effects on the bubble diameter, particle distributions and bed expansion for different particle properties including particle sizes are compared. Drag models are also compared to study the effects of particle clustering at the meso-scale.


Photosynthetic activity was evaluated in order to identify clones with good physiological performance and obtain relevant information on photosynthetic activity and its correlation with national cocoa production. The analysis included the photosynthesis rate (A), stomatic conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WU) and photochemical activity: quantum efficiency of PSII (FPSII), electron transport rate (J) and the production of cocoa pods and kernels from ten domestic cocoa clones grown in northern Esmeraldas. Differences in A, gs, J and FPSII were found among the clones; the highest A was observed in LDC 12, T8 and INIAP 484, as a result of high gs and J. There was a positive and significant correlation between J, potential photosynthesis (J/10) and cocoa production in the clones evaluated, suggesting that the higher A, as a result of higher photochemical activity in Ecuadorian cocoa, would contribute to a higher amount of photoassimilates, which could partially explain a higher production. The results indicate that the T8, T1, T11 and PMA 12 clones show a high photosynthetic performance, with a higher tolerance to diseases (lower index of diseased pods) and a higher production, so they could be recommended for the northern area of Esmeraldas; while the T13, INIAP 484, T23 and T24 clones work in the opposite direction, i.e. low production, low photochemical capacity and susceptibility to diseases (high index of diseased pods).


In this article, I attempt to describe how certain theoretical constructions of semiotics could be applied in educational theoretical work. First I introduce meaning as a basic concept of semiotics, thus also touching on concepts such as action, competence and causality. I am then able to define learning as a change of competences, and also refer to the pedagogical concept of learning i.e. Bildung, which can be roughly defined as valuable human learning. I then take up the problem of education as pedagogical direction and communication. Finally, I conclude with some considerations on the famous Greimassian semiotic square.


The aim of the study is to determine the effect of small percentage of methanol into diesel-biodiesel fuel blends. In this context, standard diesel fuel (50%)-biodiesel (47%)-methanol (3%) and diesel (50%)-biodiesel (44%)-methanol (6%) blends were tested in a single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine at full load conditions. Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of engine fuelled with biodiesel-methanol-diesel were compared to the conventional diesel fuel. Break power of the test fuel blends showed a decreasing trend due to their lower heating value. For all blend fuels, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values increased as compared diesel fuel. Also, the study indicated that methanol percentage of 6% in test fuels is more effective than that of 3% in terms of reducing of the NOx and CO emissions.


The academic performance's assessment has always been a topic of great interest in the field of educational research. For this reason, for some decades now, different international organisations have been trying to measure academic performance in order to adjust educational policies in the search for improved performance and school efficiency. One of the international bodies that has devoted a great deal of time and effort to the assessment of academic performance has been the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), aimed at evaluating the acquisition of key competences by 15-year-old students. This thesis is proposed with the objective of generating a common framework of best practices in education related to the effectiveness of schools at an international level based on the analysis of the results obtained by students in the PISA 2018 tests. To this end, we will apply a mixed model integrating a quantitative approach of multilevel analysis and a qualitative approach. The quantitative approach will help us to detect those aspects that have the greatest influence on school performance, by developing a statistical model for each of the key competences measured in PISA. In addition, we will seek to highlight those contextual factors associated with school effectiveness by going deeper through the collection of qualitative data and their analysis. We include here the first results regarding the factors associated with academic performance based on the 2018 PISA report, as well as an approach to the state-of-the-art and the basic concepts on which the thesis will be built.


Evolution of a simple laboratory technique for the assay of materials proposed for use in the preservation of wood is reported in this paper. This test involves a measurement of the actual decay resistance of the treated wood. Included are a resume of the limitations imposed by current test-methods and a discussion of the adaptations of this new technique to the numerous variables inherent in laboratory simulations of outdoor exposure.


This paper firstly discussed the closed oil tank's structure characteristics of the hydraulic system of an underwater high-power vibration source body.Then,from the perspectives of flow and heat emission,it mainly introduced the method of volume calculation and the structure design of oil tank.This work is of a certain practical value.


The first companies to make names for themselves with ecommerce were Amazon and eBay. As the everyday shopper learned how easy it was to become the everyday seller, new ecommerce business owners needed a way to efficiently manage their sales and inventory. Enter our Vendio review...


The present invention provides an eyeglass lens apparatus comprising at least one electrically adaptive area, to a spectacle lens apparatus capable of adjusting the optical properties of the spectacle lens device with an electrical technique. The eyeglass lens apparatus, the optical properties of pre-defined or pre-definable control areas in such a way can be adjusted by electrical method are basically independent of the optical properties in the surrounding area ,It is configured. The present invention, for some areas of the electrically adaptive area, also relates to each of the control area and the surrounding area. Control area and the surrounding area are not common area. The present invention further relates to a pair of glasses comprising a spectacle lens device, the use of the spectacle lens device of the present invention, also relates to a method for operating an electrical adaptive zone.


The analysis of racket stiffness effect on muscle activity during movement associated with badminton is essential for a better understanding of which badminton racket is better for the athletes to use. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of racket stiffness on muscle activity and activation time of the upper limb muscles—biceps (Bicp), lateral head (TLat) and long head (TLong) of the triceps—when performing the backhand smash (BH) movement using two rackets with different levels of stiffness. A group of 6 volunteers, with an average age of 21.8 (±4.5) years, and an average badminton practice time of 10.7 (±5.3) years, performed 10 valid repetitions of the movement with each racket, and the muscle activity was collected using surface electromyography. Observing the results shows that the most excited muscle in the BH smash, in terms of (%MVC), is the TLat, regardless of the stiffness of the racket, which shows 56.9% for the Duora 33 and about 68.9% for the Duora 88, comparing with the Bicp and the TLong, respectively. Also, it was observed that the more rigid racket (Duora 88) showed a higher muscular activity for the Bicp and TLat muscles.


Nowadays, wordnets are extensively used as a major resource in natural language processing and information retrieval tasks. Therefore, the accuracy of wordnets has a direct influence on the performance of the involved applications. This paper presents a fully-automated method for extending a previously developed Persian wordnet to cover more comprehensive and accurate verbal entries. At first, by using a bilingual dictionary, some Persian verbs are linked to Princeton WordNet synsets. A feature set related to the semantic behavior of compound verbs as the majority of Persian verbs is proposed. This feature set is employed in a supervised classification system to select the proper links for inclusion in the wordnet. We also benefit from a pre-existing Persian wordnet, FarsNet, and a similarity-based method to produce a training set. This is the largest automatically developed Persian wordnet with more than 27,000 words, 28,000 PWN synsets and 67,000 word-sense pairs that substantially outperforms the previous Persian wordnet with about 16,000 words, 22,000 PWN synsets and 38,000 word-sense pairs.


Specification and [visual] modelling languages are expected to combine strong abstraction mechanisms with rigour, scalability, and parsimony. LePUS3 is a visual, object-oriented design description language axiomatized in a decidable subset of the first-order predicate logic. We demonstrate how LePUS3 is used to formally specify a structural design pattern and prove (‗verify') whether any JavaTM 1.4 program satisfies that specification. We also show how LePUS3 specifications (charts) are composed and how they are verified fully automatically in the Two-Tier Programming Toolkit.


If neural nets are to have a future, and if the notion that they succeed where conventional artificial intelligence has failed is to be substantiated, they will have to be effective in improving the human computer interface. The key factor is their potential contribution to areas of language and scene understanding which will allow natural language (not necessarily speech) to be used as part of the interface. The authors present a 'gedanken experiment' of the way that a neural system will have to be designed and to operate in a very simple demonstrator task: getting a vision system to respond linguistically to a 'natural language' request based on a visual input. >


Design considerations the yacht's specifications hull geometry including lines plans and computer aided design stability in waves hull design keel and rudder design sail and rig design the balance of the yacht selecting the correct propellor and engine hull construction considerations rig calculations cockpit, deck and cabin layout weight calculations design evaluation and tank testing


The inherent performance advantage of power MOSFETs makes their use very attractive in switched mode power supplies. The fundamental advantage of the power MOSFET is the operation at fast switching speeds and high frequencies. Higher operating frequency allows further reduction in the size of the filter and magnetic components. The recent introduction of Fairchild Semiconductor's QFET power MOSFETs provide a significant improvement in the reliability of switching power supplies. This application note illustrates ways in which QFET power MOSFETs may be used in switched mode power supplies. It describes a 100KHz, 180W simple off-line power supply with three regulated DC voltages.


What does need to be remembered is that narratives of emancipation and enlightenment in their strongest form were also narratives of integration not separation, the stories of people who had been excluded from the main group but who were now fighting for a place in it. And if the old and habitual ideas of the main group were not flexible or generous enough to admit new groups, then these ideas need changing, a far better thing to do than rejecting the emerging groups. Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism , p. xvi Introduction As recent debates surrounding the phenomenon of "post-colonialism" have amply demonstrated, the European "other" played an important role in Western self-definition of its modernity. In order to understand the complex dialectics of modernity in Iran, it is essential to explore the Eurocentric and imperial narrative entrenched deep within its liberatory promises. This chapter, through readings of Montesquieu, Hegel, and Marx, explores how modernity created and preserved a conviction that the non-Western world could exist only as modernity's other. Although this narrative has recently come under serious challenge by critics such as Edward Said, Timothy Mitchell and Gayatri Spivak, it continues to hold remarkable hegemony in the media, popular culture, and among academics. As I show in my interpretations of Samuel Huntington's "clash of civilizations" thesis, and Bernard Lewis's explication of the "roots" of Muslim rage, efforts to re-envision modernity will be doomed to failure unless modernity's troubled genealogy is acknowledged, critiqued, and engaged. Orientalism and the Occidentalist discontent The publication of Edward Said's Orientalism in 1978 marked an important intellectual challenge to the then prevalent Eurocentric scholarship in Middle Eastern studies.


Conduction of polycrystalline boron nitride films in a form of a Ag‐BN‐Si‐Al sandwich has been investigated. After electroforming, the samples exhibit threshold switching in atmospheres which contain moisture. The switching is well explained by Dearnaley's filamentary model.


We study a cavity QED model where a single three-level atom interacts with four quantized cavity fields in a Raman-type interaction, forming two transition channels for the atom. We show that this system is equivalent to the coupling of three angular momenta, and give its exact eigenenergies and eigenvectors in terms of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, even if the ac Stark shift is included. Some Heisenberg operators are solved exactly as well as approximately. Dynamical evolution of average photon numbers and the atomic inversion are discussed for several initial conditions and a simple example of model interference is examined.


This article describes a test concept for the investigation of material-related emissions of work equipment in office and information technology. Basis for the development of the test concept is the test chamber procedure and the corresponding chemical analytics, established at TUV Nord, and the experiences on type, extent and time-related behaviour of material-related emissions from electronic devices, gathered by this method. The test limit values are based on the present state of the art in emission rates attainable, the toxicological knowledge about the emitted substances and on existing indoor limit values. The final method of investigation and evaluation shall be defined following preliminary tests of selected devices used in office and information technology.


Series spectra of two-valence-electron atoms of P, S, and Cl.—In a previous Paper(1), the regular and irregular x-ray doublet laws were used to predict the spectra of stripped atoms, that is, atoms having only one valence electron. The method has now been applied to the spectra of two-electron atoms, since, although these spectra consist of triplets or singlets instead of doublets, the same laws apply to them. In this way 23 lines of PIV have been identified, 17 lines of SV and 6 lines of ClVI. With the help of the Ritz equation, 12 term values of PIV and 8 of SV were also determined. In a table are collected all known term values for two-electron atoms of Mg, Al, Si, P and S.

Physical significance of the x-ray irregular doublet law.—Spectral lines which give parallel curves on a Moseley diagram sqrt[ν/R] plotted as a function of atomic number) and which therefore follow this law, are produced by jumps between orbits of the same total quantum number but with different screening constants.


In the texts of Rene Girard there is an undeniable mistrust of democracy. Girard notes that democracy is the regime that favours the violent side of mimesis, that is, internal mediation. In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's texts, both the highly relevant analysis of self-esteem or envy, which literally makes us live under the gaze of others, and a true eulogy of democracy appear.


A novel micromixing strategy is presented which exploits axial diffusion of a continuous sequence of discrete samples in a microchannel expansion. Mixing of a continuous sequence in an electroosmotic flow through a sudden expansion region is modelled first assuming an ideal, square-wave injection. Different expansion geometries are examined as well as different sample lengths in order to determine the potential effectiveness of the mixing technique. To facilitate sequential injection on-chip, a new injection scheme is developed. The two outputs from the injector and an expansion region are integrated into a sequential injector micromixer chip design. Results for the sequential injection micromixer demonstrate rapid axial mixing of the individual stream sequences. However, cross-stream gradients in the output channel develop due to an inherent bias in the injection technique. Microchannel configurations that mitigate this bias were presented.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


This thesis reviews the concept of friendship and contributes to discussion on gender and equality in business organizations by addressing friendship as a gendered concept that plays a part in maintaining gendered hierarchies in business organizations. By drawing on social psychology, sociology and philosophy, a greater, more inclusive understanding of the concept of friendship is gained to include investigating the whole phenomenon of friendship from negative acts and exclusion to the marking of social boundary as well as understanding friendship as a gendered concept that makes masculine, contextual friendships invisible in the organizational setting. It is concluded that to the extent that gender is a meaningful category to a person or other people, it will continue to be a significant dimension of similarity in structuring friendships in organizations, yet the category around which contextual, masculine, friendships are formed in organizations is not necessarily dependent on gender. It is suggested that contextual, inclusive friendships should be encouraged to be formed around membership to a given organization or department instead of gender category.


Introduction: Circadian rhythms have long been conceptualized as central to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Numerous cross-sectional analyses have demonstrated associations of eveningness with BD and greater severity of mood symptoms. Longitudinal studies that evaluate stability of chronotype and its association with mood symptoms are lacking.

 88 BD2) from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of BD. Participants completed an average of 10 years of longitudinal assessments of depression (PHQ-9) and mania (Altman Self-Reported Mania Scale) every 2 months, and chronotype (Munich ChronoType Questionnaire) annually. Chronotype was assessed using both a single item from the MCTQ in which seven possible chronotypes were presented (from extreme early to extreme late type), and the calculation of midpoint of sleep on work-free days, sleep-corrected (MSFsc). We calculated (in)stability using the mean square successive difference (MSSD) and assessed the relationship between mood, age, sex, medication, and stability using mixed effects models.

 Results: Individuals with BD1 and BD2 reported later chronotypes compared to HC. Individuals with BD1 had later MSFsc as well as greater instability in chronotype and MSFsc compared to HC. Greater instability in chronotype was associated with higher depression and mania symptom severity. Treatment with mood stabilizers was associated with less instability in MSFsc, while antidepressant treatment was associated with greater instability in MSFsc.

 Discussion: These results provide the strongest evidence to date of later chronotypes in individuals with BD. This is the largest examination of longitudinal stability of chronotype and results indicate that only BD1 is associated with greater instability over time. This instability, in part, reflects changes in mood symptoms over time, as well as in medication use. These data highlight the importance of assessment and treatment of circadian disruption in individuals BD.

 Heinz C. Prechter Bipolar Research Program


Background & aim: Pain is the most common complaint of mothers after episiotomy. Various medications are used for the alleviation of this pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alpha ointment on the relief of pain caused by episiotomy. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 70 primiparous women in Ommolbanin Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The participants were divided into two groups of control and intervention. The intervention group received one fingertip unit of Alpha ointment following washing the wound with normal saline and drying, 48 hour after delivery, once a day, until the tenth day. The control group received a placebo in the same manner. Pain intensity was evaluated using the shortened from of McGill Pain Questionnaire on the first, fifth, and tenth days post-delivery. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS (version 16) using the Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean pain score on the first, fifth, and tenth days of the study (P=0.73, P=0.098, and P=0.464, respectively). Conclusion: As the finding of the present study showed, Alpha ointment had no effect on the perineal pain after episiotomy.


Background: Vancomycin continuous intravenous (CIV) infusion is an alternative to intermittent intravenous (IIV) dosing for patients in whom therapeutic levels are difficult to achieve, maintain, or monitor. There is evidence from observational trials that vancomycin CIV is as effective as IIV with a decreased risk of nephrotoxicity. At KHSC, there was formerly no standardized method for prescribing, administering, or monitoring vancomycin CIV. Objective : To implement a guideline and associated order set, then evaluate appropriateness, for the use of vancomycin CIV in adult patients. Methods: An institutional vancomycin CIV guideline and order set were developed with stakeholder support. These were introduced to pharmacists and internal medicine residents through educational rounds. Over 6 weeks, all patients receiving IV vancomycin were identified from the pharmacy information system and reviewed to assess eligibility according to the guideline to receive vancomycin CIV (i.e. unable to reliably achieve target levels on vancomycin IIV or upon recommendation from the Infectious Diseases/Antimicrobial Stewardship services, and expected duration at least 7 days) and determine whether it was actually prescribed. Pregnant/breastfeeding patients and those receiving dialysis were excluded. No patient-specific interventions were made by the resident investigator. Results: 139 patients prescribed IV vancomycin were screened to identify 24 patients who were eligible for vancomycin CIV, none of whom were initiated on or transitioned from IIV to CIV. Of the 24 patients, 20 (84%) did not have a therapeutic serum vancomycin level by day 3 and 13 (54%) received a concomitant nephrotoxin during vancomycin therapy. Three CIV-eligible patients were discharged home on IV vancomycin. Conclusions: While no patients were initiated on vancomycin CIV during the project timeline, the results revealed that patients may experience delays in reaching therapeutic levels using IIV therapy. No patients were started inappropriately on vancomycin CIV. Future studies should explore barriers to initiation of vancomycin CIV in patients who may benefit the most.


Health care services in developing countries are being challenged by high childhood mortality rates. Although there have been tremendous strides made in reducing infant mortality rates largely due to vaccinations and improved standards of living, a lot remains to be done to reduce neonatal mortality. Achievement of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) number 4 on childhood mortality will remain unattainable in most developing countries unless purpose based interventions targeted at reducing neonatal mortality are instituted. This viewpoint is based on the experiences gained in Eritrea, a country that gained independence less than twenty years ago following a protracted war that left a trail of destruction of infrastructure in general and health facilities in particular. War that broke out with Ethiopia less than 10 years into its independence and border conflicts followed by a no peace no war stalemate situation aggravated by frequent droughts have continued to throttle economic recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitative efforts. The population is estimated at 3.5 million comprising of nine ethnic groups who speak different languages. The country has a surface area of 124 000 km2 which shares borders with Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti and the Red Sea.


This article deals with a sandstone funerary stela from Qadaya-magazine at Karnak. It belongsto the District Official Pesesh. The stela was found at Rizeikat and measures 69 cm high and 42cm width. The inscriptions contain some interesting features in the orthograph of the epithetsand offering formulae. On the basis of stylistic features, the stela can be dated to the late MiddleKingdom.


1. James M. Perrin, MD*
2. Sangeeth Gnanasekaran, MD, MPH†
3. Jennifer Delahaye, MA†

1. *MGH Center for Child and Adolescent Health Policy, Boston, MA.

2. †Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.

The recent report of the American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Mental Health provides guidance and tools to aid screening and identification of psychological issues in primary care practice.

After completing this article, readers should be able to:

1. Understand psychosocial stressors that affect families who have a child with a chronic condition.

2. Describe the impact of the chronic condition on the family.

3. Understand how a child's developmental stage affects the psychological response to a chronic condition.

4. Address barriers to adherence among children with chronic conditions, especially among adolescents.

5. Describe the role of pediatricians in identification, measurement, and treatment of psychological issues in children with chronic conditions.

Chronic illness generally refers to physical, emotional, or developmental conditions that affect the child for a prolonged period of time. Many types of conditions can be considered chronic, including those that lead to a need for prescription medications; additional medical services; physical, occupational, or speech therapy; or treatment for an emotional, developmental, or behavioral problem. Among children, the most prevalent chronic conditions are asthma, obesity, and mental health conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The category includes many less common conditions, such as leukemia, sickle cell disease, arthritis, and spina bifida, as well as very rare conditions, such as lysosomal storage diseases. This review focuses on the psychosocial stressors and psychological issues associated with any childhood chronic condition for children and adolescents, and their families.

Estimates of the prevalence of childhood chronic illness vary considerably owing to differences in the way that the term has been defined and measured. Most reported rates fall between 12% and 30%. The 2007 National Survey of …


With increasing number of websites the Web users are increased with the massive amount of data available on the internet which is provided by the Web Search Engine (WSE). The aim of the WSE is to provide the relevant search result to the user with the behavior of the user click where they performed. WSE provide the relevant result on behalf of the user frequent click-based method. From this method no assurance to the user privacy and also no securities were providing to their data. Hence users were afraid for their private information during search has become a major barrier. They were many techniques were proposed by researchers most of that based on the server side, it has provided less security. For minimizing the privacy risk here, we propose the client-side based technique with the combination of Bloom filters method to prevent the user data that we applied in Knowledge mining area. Index Terms Web Search Engine, personalized search, user query logs, content search and privacy preserving.