Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay is one of the commonly used methods for rehabilitating deteriorated pavements. The Nevada Department of Transportation (DOT) uses HMA overlays as a rehabilitation technique for the majority of the state's flexible pavements. One major type of distress influencing the life of an overlay is reflective cracking. In the past, Nevada DOT has experimented with a number of techniques— such as cold in-place recycling, reinforced fabrics, stress relief courses, and mill and overlay—to reduce the impact of reflective cracking on HMA overlays. Several projects were constructed under each category. The long-term field performance of various Nevada DOT reflective cracking mitigation techniques was evaluated; the techniques were used on flexible pavements at 33 field projects. Performances of the various projects were analyzed by fatigue, transverse, and block cracking measurements from Nevada DOT's pavement management system data. In addition, the statistical approach called principal component analysis was used to asses the effectiveness of each of the reflective cracking techniques. The study indicated that cold in-place recycling and mill and overlay were the most effective treatments for reflective cracking of HMA overlays over HMA pavements under Nevada's conditions, except when the existing pavement experiences severe alligator cracking. In such situations, it is recommended that HMA pavement be subjected to reconstruction or full-depth reclamation.


Abstract : This section provides guidance to the documents to be controlled within the TDS computer program complex. Certain of these documents which are critical to the success of the management plan will be discussed in greater detail in subsequent sections of the manual. In addition to internal documents, this section will discuss pertinent documents external to the TDS computer program which provide significant requirements to be met by the management plan. The necessity for rigorous control of documentation in the management of a TDS computer program, and the organization of the Documentation Library needed to implement this control, will also be discussed.


Ninety-six patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomized to treatment with intravenous methotrexate followed by radical irradiation or radiotherapy alone. No significant differences were demonstrated in local disease control or actuarial survival rates at three and five years. Some patients with local treatment failure were surgically salvaged.


In the study,Wuzhumuqin sheep was selected to tested,the greenhouse feeding effect of daily weight gain of Wuzhumuqin sheep was determined by control trial with the selection of different typical model of raising house,the control group was free-pasturing all the year.The results showed that gestation period of female livestock was fed by house and fined feeding,which could keep increase continuously to a certain degree in the next year,and the yearly weight gain was higher that of the control,the difference was marked(P0.05),meanwhile the female in weight gain also was different at the different stage.The different varieties female livestock in daily weight gain was the same,the weight gain was higher that that of the control,but there was markedly different between female sheep and caprine(P0.05).The result of T test showed that lamb in daily weight gain all was higher that of the control at the different stage.Hence,greenhouse feeding has significance to change traditional raising model.


The relation individual/organization has been source of several studies on management. Those studies seek to promote and to stimulate the individuals' involvement to the company, reducing conflicts and increasing the productivity. One approach of such studies focuses on the organizational commitment as one of the ways of understanding the ties between the individual and the organization. This paper aims to present the relation between the human resources practices used by the companies, including the knowledge management, and the employees' commitment. To analyze the commitment we used the model of Meyer e Allen, focusing on three components: affective, normative and instrumental. The empirical research was undertaken in a logistic company of the State of Minas Gerais, from now on designated as XSA. The data was obtained from a questionnaire applied to a selected and representative sample of 93 employees. The results showed that human resources practices have influenced the affective and normative dimensions of the commitment. The higher rates were observed in the practices of knowledge and relationship management. So, we can conclude that those practices are essential to keep the employees ties with the company.


The invention provides a nasal air conditioning device which comprises at least a connecting part and a moistening part and is characterized in that the moistening part is a stuffy hydrous part, and 'stuffy' means that airflow can not directly penetrate the hydrous part but can penetrate the air hole in the hydrous part; and the connecting part supports or shapes the moistening part to be matched with the nasal structure. The nasal air conditioning device can effectively filter air and has the function of moistening air; and in addition, the nasal air conditioning device not only can protect human nasal mucosa, but also can strengthen the resistibility of human respiratory system.


The possible uses of the complex mixtures of compounds found in viruses (the tobacco mosaic virus) or in bacteria (the tubercle bacillus or extracts of these organisms), have been studied. It was found that the procedures of inoculation, growth, harvesting, and fractionation into simpler mixtures should be standardized. This resulted in characteristic composite spectra for each fraction. The following uses have been established for infrared spectroscopy in this field: (1) A control on the techniques of operation; (2) the discovery of the spectroscopic differences between strains which may or may not be recognized as biologically different; for example, spectroscopic differences between virulent and avirulent strains of the standard laboratory strain H37, or spectral differences between human and bovine varieties of tubercle bacilli and spectral differences between strains recently isolated from patients ill with pulmonary tuberculosis; (3) spectroscopic interpretation of molecular content.


It has been generally accepted that non-English majors from non-governmental college are characterized by poor foundation,weak discipline and motivation in English learning,which poses a great challenge to English teaching.Thus,based on Dornyei,Gardner and Williams Burden's classical motivation theories and models,a survey and interview with non-English major undergraduates from DHY are conducted.After the data analysis,the present study discovers the motivation situation,types as well as factors that affect these students' English learning motivation.Finally,some flexible solutions to motivate and sustain their motivation to learn English are put forward.


The application of the DEVS formalism to spatial simulations of biological systems is motivated by a need to keep software manageable, even when faced with complex models that may combine algorithms for potential fields, fluid dynamics, the interaction of proteins, or the reaction and diffusion of chemicals. We demonstrate DEVS-based design by applying the formalism to a "tethered particle system" (TPS), a model we designed to capture the motion of deformable biological structures. The paper focuses on the design of DEVS models using hierarchies and layers, and describes a recently-developed simulator that supports our approach. The DEVS-based TPS model, which has been used to simulate certain interactions in nerve cells, demonstrates the formalism's potential as a means of addressing the complexity of spatial biological models.


The present invention is an audio accessory for the headset. This accessory includes a first circuit for receiving an audio signal wirelessly from the first external audio signal sources, the second external audio signal sources are mechanically connected, the receiving audio signal from the second external audio signal source and 2 circuit, to transfer a control circuit for controlling the relative amplitude of the audio signal from the first external source and a second external source is transferred to the playback device, the audio signal from the control circuit to the playback device, the playback device a connecting portion which is detachably connected, and communicably connected to the connection portion and the control circuit comprises a communication connection circuit for transferring the audio signal from the control circuit to the connection unit.


Interview with Gloria Campos, a journalist in Dallas, Texas. The interview includes biographical information about her life growing up, her educational background, and her career as a reporter.


In this paper a wave energy converter (WEC) based on a segmented floating structure with embedded piezoelectric devices is numerically investigated. To illustrate the idea, a concept design based on assembling existing components is considered. The investigated system is made of three identical box-shaped slender floaters, interconnected by piezoelectric beams, aligned along the wave direction and moored to the seabed. The piezoelectric beams, bent alternatively by the oscillating relative motion of the floaters, constitute the power take-off (PTO) system to generate electricity. The numerical model is divided into two parts: a hydromechanical solver, describing the coupled motion of the floaters and the dynamics of the mooring lines, and a coupled electromechanical solver, which describes the behavior of the piezoelectric benders, including the associated resistive circuit. The coupling between these subsystems is one-way, because the WEC motion deforms the piezoelectric device without any electromechanical feedback on the floating structure. The developed numerical procedure allows for describing the basic features of the WEC response, for estimating the energy that can be generated by the device, and sets the starting point to explore the energy production capability of this kind of device.


Assuming single user detection, a cascaded connection of adaptive array and MLSE is expected as a simple and suboptimal receiver tolerant to interference and multipath fading. However, the conventional cascading scheme has the problem that it can not utilize the energy of delayed paths efficiently since the power of delayed paths is not considered in the cost function. In this paper, a novel cost function based on the idea of maximizing the output SINR is proposed and the performance of both the proposed and the conventional type is evaluated by computer simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed type is superior to the conventional one in the BER performance and that the degradation compared to that of array processing MLSE is small.


This is a collection of essays by colleagues and former students of Professor Brown, presented when he retired from the chair of Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Management. Articles by the following distinguished contributors cover Manpower: Policy and Practice, Collective Bargaining, and The Education of Labor Economists.Charles A. Myers, "Critical Issues in National Manpower Policy;" George P. Shultz, "Issues for Manpower's Action Programs;" David P. Taylor and Michael J. Piore, "Federal Training Programs for Dispersed Employment Occupations;" George Strauss, "Union Policies Toward the Admission of Apprentices;" Solomon B. Levine, "Public Policy and Labor Relations in Postwar Japan;" J. W. Miller, Jr., "Power, Politics, and the Prospects for Collective Bargaining;" and John G. Turnbull, "Reflections on a Generation of Work in the Field of Labor."


The rotational spectra of CH2F2, v = 0, v4= 1 , v4 = 2 and 13CH2F2, v = 0 have been reanalyzed. Accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential use of videos for peer-to-peer learning for education for sustainability (EfS). Despite the need for more cognitive learning to solve complex sustainability issues, understanding of using social learning through modern communication methods such as social networks for knowledge co-creation in EfS is unclear. This pilot study conducted in a Thailand university used mobile videos to pitch sustainability solutions and facilitate peer engagement. Conducted on a private social network, Soqqle, students were encouraged to watch videos from each other and add comments. Post-course focus groups indicated a sense of collective efficacy as participants' sense of self-efficacy contributes to group effects that impact participations. Several observations were noted based on these focus groups which provided hints on what encouraged students to watch the content of their peers in a productive manner. Characteristics such as self-efficacy, or the lack of it, did cause students to disregard content and comments from others. Participants also discussed and explored potential opportunities to enhance the video activity to better scaffold the learning to build self-efficacy. Overall, results show the potential of incorporating a community of inquiry environment to encourage peer review and feedback. This study is significant due to its timeliness to leverage digital solutions to increase collective efficacy. Educators planning to introduce social learning in sustainability topics can incorporate findings from this study to facilitate effective learning outcomes for EfS. KEYWORDS: social learning, peer to peer learning, education for sustainability, business pitching, community of inquiry


Piston pump apparatus for internal combustion engines of common rail fuel injection. The piston pump having a pump housing (1), forming at least one pump cylinder of the pump housing (12). The pump piston (2) axially movably disposed in the pump cylinder. The lubricant oil transferring conveyed through the hole (8) is axially fed by the lubricant pocket (9) in the pump piston in order to achieve a lubricating oil around the flush pump piston. Thus effectively avoiding the generation of deposits in the gap between the pump cylinder (12) and the pump piston (2).


Hydroxyterminated-polybutadiene-based prepolyurethanes were prepared with two different catalysts, dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) and triethylamine (TEA); chain extension of the prepolyurethanes followed with two different aromatic diamines, oxydianiline and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, in various concentrations. The prepolyurethane synthesis followed second-order kinetics, with the DBTDL catalyst showing better efficiency for urethane formation than TEA. TEA-catalyzed synthesis suffered from the self-association of isocyanates as a major side reaction, following second-order kinetics with respect to isocyanate concentration. Although there was a gradual increase in the intrinsic viscosity during prepolyurethane synthesis in the presence of DBTDL, the intrinsic viscosity remained almost constant with the progress of the reaction in the presence of TEA. The tensile properties of prepolyurethane and polyurethaneureas synthesized in DBTDL-catalyzed reactions were higher than the properties of those synthesized in TEA-catalyzed reactions. The variation of the tensile strength with the diamine concentration was correlated with the crosslink density and sol fraction. The solubility of the hard segment of polyurethaneurea in the reaction medium appeared to be important in influencing the tensile properties. The effects of the diamine concentration (chain extender) on the diffusion coefficient and activation energy of diffusion of toluene in polyurethaneureas were studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2978–2992, 2001


This chapter contains sections titled: Hierarchic Systems, Social Systems, Biological and Physical Systems, Symbolic Systems, The Evolution of Complex Systems, Biological Evolution, Evolution of Multi-Cellular Organisms, Problem Solving as Natural Selection, The Sources of Selectivity, On Empires and Empire Building, Conclusion: The Evolutionary Explanation of Hierarchy, Nearly Decomposable Systems, Near Decomposability of Social Systems, Physicochemical Systems, Some Observations on Hierarchic Span, Summary: Near Decomposability, Biological Evolution Revisited, The Description of Complexity, Near Decomposability and Comprehensibility, Simple Descriptions of Complex Systems, State Descriptions and Process Descriptions, The Description of Complexity in Self-Reproducing Systems, Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny, Summary: The Description of Complexity, Conclusion


Information technology environment English teaching shows more media-oriented digital network and intelligent characteristics,to provide students with solid English teaching environment is not only the advantages of its abundant learning resources,but also to provide students with a mutual learning communication non-linear learning space,to make English teaching really did it out of the textbook,step out of the classroom and to the world,paves the way for effective teaching in the English classroom.


Soluble IL‐33 (interleukin (IL)‐1‐like cytokine) acts as endogenous alarm signal (alarmin). Since alarmins, besides activating immune system, act to restore tissue homeostasis, we investigated whether IL‐33 exerts beneficial effects on oral stem cell pull.


1. Introduction 2. The British Isles: Pattern books and catalogues Registration marks London Brighton Cheltenham Leamington Spa Great Malvern Edinburgh Glasgow Dublin 3. The Continent of Europe: Leningrad and Mexico Paris The Netherlands Lisbon Athens Other European Ironwork 4. The United States of America: Catalogues NewYork Boston Philadelphia Baltimore Georgetown Charleston New Orleans San Francisco and Columbia 5. Australia and New Zealand: Provenance Catalogues Indigenous Designs Portable Buildings Sydney Melbourne Adelaide Brisbane Tasmania Christchurch and Wellington 6. Empires and Influences: Bombay Cape Town Bermuda Toronto, Montreal and Quebec Tahiti Mauritius Mexico City.


The preparation of high-performance thermoelectric thin films can be challenging. Herein, we report the preparation, characterization, and thermoelectric performance of morphology-controlled bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) thin films using a single-source precursor...


LEDs are becoming the most suitable candidate replacing traditional fluorescent street-light lamps because of its energy efficiency and high brightness. Furthermore, most countries are urging to pursue energy savings in conjunction with IT and sensor network. In order to conserve energy of LED lamp and ensure the safety of pedestrian, we propose a new smart control method for LED light system based on USN using compound sensors, such as illuminance, motion, temperature and humidity sensor. An elaborate simulation shows that the proposed system with a smart control based switching can reduce the energy by 40%, compared to the previous street-light system with a fixed time based switching.


Streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction is currently contraindicated if it has been administered within the previous three to six months. The


Mutator transponsons in maize are of high transposition activity and strong mutagenic ability.It is useful for constructing large mutant population of maize and contributes to clone and separate important gene of maize by transposons tagging.In this review,the types and characteristics of Mu were presented,and the application of Mu in constructing maize mutant population and cloning the function gene were introduced.The purpose of present paper was to provide a reference for the study of maize functional genomics and maize molecular marker breeding.


The establishment and improvement of Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) has been able to meet the requirements of ordinary users for positioning and navigation. However, the system also has its obvious shortcomings such as susceptibly to interference or spoofing, and because of the spatial geometry distribution, it is difficult to continuously meet the needs of high-precision users. So we pay attention to a kind of satellite-ground joint positioning system along with pseudolites. The contributions are the time synchronization technology between multiple nodes and the accuracy requirement of satellite-ground timing. The conclusions include that the precision of time synchronization can be improved to the nanosecond level by using two-way time measurement at signal level. The requirement of node timing accuracy is mainly affected by the standard deviation of User Equivalent Range Error (UERE), the number of nodes and the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) before and after adding pseudolite nodes. Blinding increasing the number of nodes may not improve the positioning accuracy, but will put forward higher requirement for the timing accuracy of the nodes.


In this paper, we suggested eleven protein targets to be used as possible vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum causative agent of almost two to three million deaths per year. A comprehensive analysis of protein target have been selected from the small experimental fragment of antigen in the P. falciparum genome, all of them common to the four stages of the parasite life cycle (i.e., sporozoites, merozoites, trophozoites and gametocytes). The potential vaccine candidates should be analyzed in silico technique using various bioinformatics tools. Finally, the possible protein target according to PlasmoDB gene ID are PFC0975c, PFE0660c, PF08_0071, PF10_0084, PFI0180w, MAL13P1.56, PF14_0192, PF13_0141, PF14_0425, PF13_0322, y PF14_0598.


There has been a long-standing debate on the coexistence between itinerant electrons and localized spins in the PdCrO$_2$ delafossite. By means of the charge self-consistent combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory, it is corroborated that despite overall remarkable metallic response, the CrO$_2$ layers are indeed Mott insulating. The resulting $k$-resolved spectral function in the paramagnetic phase is in excellent agreement with available photoemission data. Subtle coupling between the itinerant and Mott-localized degrees of freedom is revealed. Different doping scenarios are simulated in order to manipulate the electronic states within the inert layers. In particular, oxygen vacancies prove effective in turning the hidden Mott insulator into a strongly correlated itinerant subsystem. The present results may open a new venue in research on quantum materials beyond canonical classification schemes.


Background Despite recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) regarding the age at which to begin and end cervical cancer screening, as well as the interval at which to conduct screening, there is limited direct evidence beyond that inferred from epidemiologic and natural history studies to support these recommendations. In addition, concerns about the poor sensitivity (approximately 50 percent) of cytology-based screening have led to the development of new tests with potentially improved sensitivity for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3. Although there is widespread use of these tests—including the Hybrid Capture 2 high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test—the USPSTF has, to date, not recommended their use due to a lack of definitive evidence regarding their performance in screening. The availability of new data, including data from randomized controlled trials, suggests a need to re-evaluate the previous recommendations. Simulation modeling can provide additional guidance on the risks, benefits, and resources associated with different screening test strategies, as well as the trade-offs involved in varying the age at which to begin and end screening. Purpose A decision model was used to address two specific aims: 1) How many colposcopies per life-year gained are associated with each of the different ages for beginning screening for cervical cancer (varying in 1 year increments from ages 15 to 25 years)? and 2) How many colposcopies per life-year gained are associated with cervical cancer screening strategies that use HPV DNA testing in conjunction with cytology, compared to strategies based on cytology only? In addition, as a sub-aim of Specific Aim 1, the age at which to end screening for cervical cancer in women who have previously been screened every 3 years prior to age 65 years or who have never been screened was also examined. Methods The model used for the analysis (the Duke Cervical Cancer model) was developed as part of a previous evidence report prepared for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The model describes the natural history of HPV infection, including progression to CIN2-3 and cancer, as well as the impact of screening and treatment on the prevention of disease progression in a cohort of unvaccinated girls who are followed until either death or age 100 years. Test characteristics for the different screening tests are primarily based on a companion evidence report prepared by the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center. For each question, outcomes presented include (per 1,000 women): false-positive test results, colposcopies performed, cases of CIN2-3, cases of cervical cancer, and cervical cancer deaths. The main outcome is colposcopies per (undiscounted) life-year. This outcome, which is not based on cost, was chosen by the USPSTF for the primary analysis as a metric that best represents a reasonable trade-off between the burden and benefits of screening. Strategies are compared using incremental ratios. Strategies that are associated with 1) more colposcopies but less effectiveness or 2) fewer colposcopies but higher incremental colposcopies per life-year than an adjacent strategy are considered to be dominated and are eliminated from consideration for this analysis. The remaining strategies (after this elimination process) lie on an "efficiency" frontier (although efficiency in this context is measured using colposcopies per life-year instead of cost per life-year) and, as such, may represent a reasonable trade-off between the burden and benefits of screening. Results An analysis of the age at which to begin screening shows that screening with cytology in the teens is associated with a high number of false-positive test results and few detected cases of cancer. Analyses using the metric of colposcopies per life-year suggest that screening less frequently than annually beginning in the twenties might provide a reasonable trade-off between the burden and benefits of screening. However, since American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines recommend rescreening instead of immediate referral to colposcopy for women younger than age 21 years, colposcopies per life-year may underestimate the burden of screening in this age group. A sensitivity analysis that uses number of screening cytology tests instead of colposcopies as the metric of interest also identifies screening strategies that begin at later ages, including the USPSTF's current recommended strategy of beginning screening no later than age 21 years, and conducted at least every 3 years, as strategies that may better represent a reasonable trade-off between the burden and benefits of screening. In terms of the age at which to end screening, among women who have never been screened prior to age 65 years, strategies associated with screening every 2 to 5 years and ending in the 70s are identified as representing a reasonable trade-off between the burden and benefits of screening. Beyond this decade, the gains in life expectancy are small compared to the number of colposcopies performed. Among women who have been screened every 3 years prior to age 65 years, the incremental colposcopies per life-year gained associated with any further screening are high for all strategies due to the smaller gains in life expectancy. These findings are robust across a range of sensitivity analyses. Analyses comparing cytology with and without HPV testing show that identifying co-testing (cytology and HPV, with screening every 3 years assumed for women with HPV negative and cytology normal results) as an efficient strategy depends on how the burden of screening is quantified. If colposcopies per life-year is used as the outcome, co-testing strategies are identified as efficient. However, if screening and triage tests are used to quantify burden, cytology-only strategies are identified as more efficient than co-testing strategies. In sensitivity analyses, a strategy of HPV testing followed by cytology for high-risk HPV positive women, with referral to colposcopy if both tests are abnormal, is consistently identified as efficient, regardless of whether colposcopies or tests (screening and triage) are used to quantify burden. Conclusions This decision analysis supports current recommendations regarding the age at which to begin and end screening. A strategy of co-testing with cytology and HPV (and screening every 3 years for women with dually negative results) is identified as efficient compared to cytology if colposcopies are used to quantify burden. However, if tests are used to quantify burden, cytology-only strategies are identified as efficient compared to co-testing. A sensitivity analysis suggests that a strategy of HPV followed by cytology (for women with HPV positive test results) warrants further study.


Background/Aim: Many breast cancer patients receive adjuvant radiotherapy. Tumor bed boost may reduce risk of local failure in high risk patients. We compared hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (WBI) plus boost (HF+boost) and conventionally fractionated WBI plus boost (CF+boost). Patients and Methods: One-hundred-and-twenty-eight patients receiving HF-WBI (40 Gy in 15 fractions) plus boost (group A) were matched to 127 patients receiving CF-WBI (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions) plus boost (group B), utilizing 10 characteristics. Results: Grade ≥2 dermatitis rates were 16.4% in group A vs. 44.1% in group B (p<0.0001), and grade ≥2 pneumonitis rates were 1.6% vs. 2.4% (p=0.68). Four-year rates of local control, metastases-free survival, and overall survival were 100% vs. 99% (p=0.81), 98% vs. 100% (p=0.29), and 98% vs. 100% (p=0.17), respectively. Conclusion: HF+boost was associated with significantly less grade ≥2 dermatitis with similar disease control and survival.


The article is dedicated to the understanding of the political discourse of that mind The political struggle is always accompanied by the rhetoric of the opposing political forces. From the development of the media space and from the vorakhovuyuchi fast hour, spent on orientation at the new, to the political text, all things are presented. The text can only be written as a written language, so that it can be remembered, seen on other numerical texts in political circles, the neutrality of the language is not typical for political discourse. With this kind of agitation, that propaganda can lead to the "repeal" of these ideas from the side of the audience, in connection with which it is necessary for more "vishukans" to supply information of a political nature. In the process of political communication, the action that is directed at the addressee-actor is especially important. Tsey vpliv zdіysnyuєtsya through a sign, more precisely, through a moving sign (in opposition to a moving sign). It is regulative to act, as the head rank, through the reverse side of the reminder, the form of the moving sign is secondary. If the one who speaks, to rob a bigger voice for the sake of it, you will not change the audience in your rightness, the situation will be blamed for the change. However, sometimes the speaker emphasizes his own respect for the form. The author robs the form of the main component of the regulative inflow, it is put more for zmіst; the form is given more like this, it looks like a change, it transforms into a self-sufficient one. Roblyachs have a greater voice on the form, which can be said to cope with a singing poetic effect, a rhetorical effect. Instead of using the form of submission, the sense of the word, the use of words, the whole text can be done piece by piece – for the choice of a bright word, a bright sign, for a bright image. Such an effect can be called manipulative. The mechanism of manipulative techniques is launched for the analysis of the evaluation component, which is entered in the code of the notification.


Summary The binding of t-PA to fibrin is mediated both by its "finger" (F) and its "kringle 2" (K2) domain. In addition, these domains are involved in the stimulation of t-PA activity by fibrin. We analyzed the kinetic characteristics of Glu-plasminogen activation by t-PA and a set of t-PA deletion mutants in the absence and the presence of desA-fibrin. In the absence of desA-fibrin, the activity of t-PA (variants) is determined by the presence of the pro tease domain, irrespective of the composition of the amino-terminal heavy chain. In the presence of the cofactor desA-fibrin, the activity of t-PA (variants) is dependent on the domain composition of the heavy chain. The activity of t-PA is stimulated 2,400 fold by desA-fibrin, whereas the activity of the mutant lacking the K1 domain (del. Kl) increases 936 fold in the presence of this cofactor. Mutants lacking either the K2 domain (del. K2) or the F domain (del. F) exhibit an enhanced activity upon desA-fibrin addition of 200 and 210 fold, respectively. DesA-fibrin has no stimulatory effect on the activity of the mutant containing only the serine-protease domain (del.FE Kl K2) nor on the activity of the variant containing only the Kl domain and the serine-protease domain (del. FE K2). Furthermore, we determined the relative fibrin affinity of each t-PA variant, which is similarly dictated by the composition of the heavy chain.


It is seven years since the first of the ceramic high-temperature superconductors was discovered by George Bednorz and Alex Muller. Eighteen months later, in record time, they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. At this point I started advising junior undergraduates, enthusiastic to be in on "the revolution", on what reading they should tackle as they prepared their essays and short class talks on the revitalisation of superconductivity.


Abstract The high temperature oxidation behaviour of plasma carburisation on Ni based third generation single crystal superalloy with NiCoCrAlYHf high temperature oxidation protective coating (HY5) is investigated in this paper. The Ni based third generation single crystal superalloy with single HY5 high temperature oxidation protective coating is compared to the plasma carburised samples. HY5 high temperature oxidation protective coating is deposited onto the single crystal superalloy by arc ion plating. The performance of diffusion during thermal cycling at 1100°C was studied. The microstructure and phase composition were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that by means of plasma carburisation into the HY5 high temperature oxidation protective coating, its microstructure can be made finer and more uniform, and its microhardness and adhesion to the substructure can be improved markedly. There were smaller quantities of topologically close packed phases (TCPs) and secondary reaction zones (SRZs) precipitated under coating in the single crystal superalloy.


Macau drama is not only greatly affected by Western culture,but also receives the profound impact from the motherland's culture.It is born and grows in the exchange of Eastern and Western cultures.Macao's local drama develops difficultly,concerning about the life and reality.


The velocity distribution function was derived for gaseous ions in electric and magnetic fields when the mean ion energy exceeds the mean energy of neutral atoms. It is assumed that resonance recharge is the basic process in ion interactions with atoms. (R.V.J.)


This study was carried out to find optimum concentration of germanium compounds and pH of medium on the induction and growth of callus from A. keiskei and P. ginseng and to intend to increase Ge. absorption by calli while those calli were subculturing on MS medium. Callus from a. keiskei was rarely induced under light condition. Under dark condition, callus induction from A. keiskei was good up to 5ppm, retarded at 50ppm of , or C. E. Ge. O., and rarely done at 100 ppm of but was somewhat well at 100 ppm of C. E. Ge. O. The induction and growth of callus was good in order of pH 5. 7 > pH 5. 4 > pH 6. 0 Under light condition, the growth of callus induced from P. ginseng was poor at of , or C. E. Ge. O., but shooting from callus occurred frequently. Under dark condtion, the growth of callus from A. keiskei was good up to 5 ppm of , or C. E. Ge. O. and was rarely done at 50 ppm of , but was somewhat well even at 100 ppm of C. E. Ge. O. Shooting from callus occurred frequently in a. keiskei, especially at pH 5.7. The growth of callus from P. ginseng was poor at 10 ppm of , or 50 ppm of C. E. Ge. O. Under dark condition, the amount of Ge absorption by callus induced from A. keiskei was much higher than that from P. ginseng. The amount of Ge. absorption by callus treated with , was higher than that treated with C. E. Ge. O.


Social web sites are used daily by many millions of users. They have attracted users with very weak interest in technology, including absolute neophytes of computers in general. Common users of social web sites often have a carefree attitude in sharing information. Moreover, some system operators offer sub-par security measures, which are not adequate for the high value of the published information. For all these reasons, online social networks suffer more and more attacks by sophisticated crackers and scammers. To make things worse, the information gathered from social web sites can trigger attacks to even more sensible targets. This work reviews some typical social attacks that are conducted on social networking systems, describing real-world examples of such violations and analyzing in particular the weakness of password mechanisms. It then presents some solutions that could improve the overall security of the systems.


Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (HMI) is a terminology described to determine the Enamel Development Defects (DDE), caused during the maturation stage, characterized by qualitative defects, with a systemic etiology that can affect only one permanent molar or, also, the four molars. It is often associated with changes in permanent incisors, which are also affected. The prevalence, etiology and treatment of IMH are still not well defined. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence, etiology and treatment of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (HMI) in permanent teeth. For its development, a bibliographic survey was carried out in the following online databases, such as BVSalud, SCielo and Lilacs, employing 26 studies, which demonstrated the value of early diagnosis and adequate therapy in cases of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization. Thus, it is concluded that the prevalence can be considered relatively high, for a theme not much reported in the literature. In addition, it is noted that there is a relationship between HMI and health problems in the first years of life, in addition to associated genetic factors and that the main therapeutic methods for HMI must be based on the quality of life related to oral health. However, further investigations must be carried out.


A self-acting spiral groove inter-shaft ring seal of nominal 16.33 cm (6.43 in.) diameter for sealing fan bleed air between counter rotating shafts in advanced turbofan engines was analyzed. The analysis focused on the lift force characteristics of the spiral grooves. A NASA Lewis developed computer program for predicting the performance of gas lubricated face seals was used to optimize the spiral groove geometry to produce maximum lift force. Load capacity curves (lift force as function of film thickness) were generated for four advanced turbofan engine operating conditions at relative seal speeds ranging from 17,850 to 29,800 rpm, sealed air pressures from 6 to 42 N/sq cm (9 to 60 Psi) absolute and temperatures from 95 to 327 C (203 to 620 F). The relative seal sliding speed range was 152 to 255 m/sec (500 to 836 ft/sec). The analysis showed that the spiral grooves are capable of producing sufficient lift force such that the ring seal will operate in a noncontacting mode over the operating range of typical advanced turbofan engines. Previously announced in STAR as N83-23306


Giant magnetocaloric effect is widely achieved in hexagonal MnMX-based (M = Co or Ni, X = Si or Ge) ferromagnets at their first-order magnetostructural transition. However, the thermal hysteresis and the low sensitivity of the magnetostructural transition to the magnetic field inevitably lead to a sizeable irreversibility of the low-field magnetocaloric effect. In this work, we show an alternative way to realize a reversible low-field magnetocaloric effect in MnMX-based alloys by taking advantage of the second-order phase transition. With introducing Cu into Co in MnCoGe alloy, the martensitic transition is stabilized at high temperature, while the Curie temperature of the orthorhombic phase is reduced to room temperature. As a result, a second-order magnetic transition with negligible thermal hysteresis and a large magnetization change can be observed, enabling a large reversible magnetocaloric effect. By both calorimetric and direct measurements, a reversible adiabatic temperature change of about 1 K is obtained under a field change of 0-1 T at 304 K, which is larger than that obtained in a first-order magnetostructural transition. To get a better insight into the origin of these experimental results, first-principles calculations are carried out to characterize the chemical bonds and the magnetic exchange interaction. Our work provides a new understanding of the MnCoGe alloy and indicates a feasible route to improve the reversibility of the low-field magnetocaloric effect in the MnMX system.


In this thesis a novel video telephony compression scheme is proposed, implemented and discussed. The scheme generates a talking head sequence from a head and shoulder video telephony sequence. The generated talking head mimics the facial expressions of the individual depicted in the head and shoulder input sequence. The scheme is based on model based coding and more specifically based on an eigenspace approach. The model which is used to represent the objects to be encoded is statistically derived as the principal components of a training sequence depicting the individual performing a wide range of facial expressions. The thesis introduces the concept of eigenfeatures as used in video compression and a method for encoding the facial expressions of the talking head as a number of coefficients defining a linear combination of the eigenfeatures. Using the proposed scheme acceptable video telephony can be achieved at data rates as low as 3-4 kBit/s. Acknowledgements First of all, my thanks go to my supervisors, Henrik Storm, for inspiration, ideas and support and Fredrik Kahl for ideas and support especially regarding the mathematically intensive parts. Also thanks to Johan Strömbeck and Karl-Anders Johansson for their endless stream of mostly good ideas. Especially thanks to Summus, Inc. (USA), Raleigh, North Carolina, for funding this project. Finally, thanks to all my colleagues at TAT Movide AB where most of my work has been performed.


We report on a search for ultra-low-mass axion-like dark matter by analysing the ratio of the spinprecession frequencies of stored ultracold neutrons and 199Hg atoms for an axion-induced oscillating electric dipole moment of the neutron and an axion-wind spin-precession effect. No signal consistent with dark matter is observed for the axion mass range 1024 eV ma 10 17 eV. Our null result sets the first laboratory constraints on the coupling of axion dark matter to gluons, which improve on astrophysical limits by up to 3 orders of magnitude, and also improves on previous laboratory constraints on the axion coupling to nucleons by up to a factor of 40.


hCG has been reported to cause an inflammation-like effect in the testis, although the background and consequences of this phenomenon remain to be understood. This investigation reveals that a single injection of hCG (100 U) induces a transient surge in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the adult rat testis. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis demonstrated onset of testicular expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA and increases in the levels of mRNA encoding the constitutively expressed cytokines IL-1α, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and tumor necrosis factor-α 4 h after hCG injection and a maximal response after 8–12 h. These increases were accompanied by a transient increase in testicular IL-1 bioactive protein. Twenty-four hours after administration of hCG, the levels of all cytokine mRNA had decreased, although most were still elevated above control. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the IL-1β protein was undetectable in normal testes but was seen to be localized to interstitial macrophages but not Leydig cells after hCG treatment. Testes devoid of Leydig cells after pretreatment with ethane dimethane sulphonate exhibited normal staining for interstitial macrophages but failed to respond to hCG with increases in IL-1β mRNA and protein expression. We conclude that hCG induces testicular inflammation via local activation by Leydig cells of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by resident macrophages. It remains to be investigated whether the high-dose hCG regimens used for treatment of boys with cryptorchidism could induce similar increases of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the human testis and if such treatments could adversely affect future testicular function.


As a common trend in Nigeria, public introduction of any Islamic scheme in the country is always greeted with controversies and antagonism. The debates from the antagonists are usually heaped, inter alia, on the legality of such schemes. Thus, as an approach to impacting the necessary public education about any of such newly introduced schemes, the protagonists bear the responsibility to clarify the legal bases for the scheme. This may not elude the Islamic endowment system in the country. Accordingly, as efforts are on the increase towards promotion of the practice of Islamic endowment system (al-waqf) in Nigeria, this paper provides necessary clarifications on the legal bases for waqf in the country. The legal bases are examined from the purviews of the constitutional, Islamic law, legislative instruments and human rights bases, among others. The study is accomplished by qualitative legal research methodology. This paper reveals that the legal bases for al-waqf in Nigeria can be seen from the constitutional, Islamic law, statutory and human rights perspectives, With the expositions made in this paper, the issue of legal bases for waqf in Nigeria is expected to have been laid to rest.


Are there differences in students' achievement scores and attitudes when the pupils are taught by two different modes: interactive two-way television and live expository teaching? Thirteen graduate students were enrolled in a university off-campus course: five were instructors at a community college, five worked in a hospital or Veterans Administration facility, and three were instructors at a university. A repeated measures design was used in collecting achievement and attitude data on six class sessions (three in-person expository and three interactive television). Analysis of variance was used with test scores as the dependent variable while the mode of instruction (in-person vs. two-way television), instructional strategy (expository, film, role play/simulation), and content of lesson (eight different sessions) were used as the independent variables. There were no negative student attitudes when the class was taught either in-person or by interactive two-way television. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences when test scores were used as the dependent variable.


Because of the insolubility of Co in Ag, it will readily start to segregate after its introduction through ion implantation, eventually forming magnetic clusters in a diamagnetic matrix. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of Mossbauer emission spectroscopy on implanted Co-57 probes, we have followed this precipitation process from the initial stages at a very low concentration of 0.05 at. %. At the lowest concentration, essentially all Co is initially present in a substitutional and dimer form. The Co atoms exhibit a strong reactivity, both with other Co and with O atoms, and we observe that the trace amount of oxygen that is still present in commercial Ag foils strongly interacts with the precipitating Co atoms, leading to molecular Co oxide and extended Co ferrite (CoxFe1-xO4) structures, which we identify through their hype;fine parameters. The oxygen impurity is also involved in the segregating nanoprecipitates, thereby inhibiting them from reaching a fully ripened stage. Even though the oxygen contaminant hinders the clustering process and induces the formation of additional segregated oxide compounds, the magnetic precipitates still reach a large relative spectral intensity of 10% and 20% in the samples with a quite low Co concentration of, respectively, 0.05 and 0.15 at. %.


High thickness uniformity and large-scale films of α-Ga2O3 are crucial factors for the development of power devices. In this work, a high-quality 2-inch α-Ga2O3 epitaxial film on c-plane sapphire substrates was prepared by the mist-CVD method. The growth rate and phase control mechanisms were systematically investigated. The growth rate of the α-Ga2O3 films was limited by the evaporation of the microdroplets containing gallium acetylacetonate. By adjusting the substrate position (z) from 80 to 50 mm, the growth rate was increased from 307 nm/h to 1.45 μm/h when the growth temperature was fixed at 520 °C. When the growth temperature exceeded 560 °C, ε-Ga2O3 was observed to form at the edges of 2-inch sapphire substrate. Phase control was achieved by adjusting the growth temperature. When the growth temperature was 540 °C and the substrate position was 50 mm, the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curves for the (0006) and (10-14) planes were 0.023° and 1.17°. The screw and edge dislocations were 2.3 × 106 and 3.9 × 1010 cm-2, respectively. Furthermore, the bandgaps and optical transmittance of α-Ga2O3 films grown under different conditions were characterized utilizing UV-visible and near-IR scanning spectra.


Five strains AF027, AF069, AF2001, AF2011 and SD02 of Pseudomonas cepacia were isolated from soil, and the antifungal cyclic lipopeptides(CLP) i.e, CLP027A, CLP069A, Cepacidine A, CLP2011A and CLP02A were produced from each strains, respectively. Nitrogen and carbon sources in media were proved to be important factors for the production of CLP and among them, polypeptone-S, glucose and fructose were the most effective. It appeared that compounds CLP027A and CLP069A were identical with Cepacidine A and Xylocandine A, respectively. contain aspartic acid as amino acid component, are differentiated from Xylocandine A containing asparagine. Although molecular weight, amino acid composition and UV spectrum of CLP2011A and CLP02A are same with those of Cepacidine A, it is postulated that these compounds are not identical with Cepacidine A when the antifungal spectra and antifungal activity were compared to those of Cepacidine A.


Part I: Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Glial Cells. Glial Types, Gliogenesis, and Extracellular Matrix in Mammalian CNS. Evolution of Astrocytes in the Vertebrate CNS. The Role and Fate of Radial Glial Cells During Development of the Mammalian Cortex. Astrocyte Differentiation and Correlated Neuronal Changes in the Opossum Superior Colliculus. Neuron/Glia Lineages During Early Nervous System Development in Amphibian and Chicken Embryos. The Neuroglia in the CNS of Teleosts. In Vitro Studies of Astrocyte Development in Higher Mammals. Schwann Cells in Phylogeny. Glial Interactions with Neurons During Drosophila Development. Part II: Phylogeny of Myelination. The Evolution of Myelinating Cells. A Cellular and Molecular Approach to Myelinogenesis in the CNS of Trout. Index.


The present invention is an invention by the natural mosquito repellent compositions for chase cancer mosquitoes biting the addition of phenylethyl alcohol (phenyl ethyl alcohol) is one of the flavoring raw material according to the composition to improve the mosquito repellent effect. Commonly known that there is a mosquito-repellent effect lavender, rose geranium, spearmint, of the Raney The isolated from the extract or which of rosemary such components coming (geraniol), nelrol (citronellol), menthol (menthol), re-fly of a sheet acetate a (linalyl acetate), linalool (linalool), 1,8- cine ol (1,8-cineol), camphor (camphor) phenylethyl alcohol (phenyl ethyl alcohol) to mosquito repellent compositions comprising such as 5 to 30% when added more than the mosquito repellent effect is enhanced by 10 to 20%. Mosquito repellents, extract, geranium, rosemary


Only retail tenants pay their landlord a percentage of revenue in addition to the traditional fixed rent. The latter has often been shown to vary widely across stores-inverse to the sales externalities generated by the store. This paper demonstrates that revenue percentages vary widely as well, and positively with fixed rent (sales externalities). It is then argued that existing theoretical explanations for percentage rent (involving generic risk sharing and tenant effort issues) are not specific to the retail sector and apply to all tenant-landlord relationships. Instead, a model is proposed where percentage rent gives the correct incentive to landlords-rather than to tenants. In this model, percentage rent ensures that with sales externalities, landlords do not act opportunistically and always have the interest of existing tenants in mind when expanding, altering or reletting space in a shopping center. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.


The environmental impact of a marine oil spill can be determined by combining field ecology techniques with gas chromatographic analysis. These procedures have been used during several oil spills. It is now known that spilled oil affects areas beyond the visible slick. This oil eventually accumulates in the marine sediments and in the tissues of marine organisms. Behavior and effects of oil in the marine community are analyzed, and predictions of the long-term impact are made.


Objective:To investigate the effect of non-ionic contrast agent in intravenous injection of iodine allergy testing. Iodine contrast agents to improve security and reduce the incidence of adverse or allergic reactions,improve the quality of care. Methods: in our hospital from August 2009- August 2010 to do allergy testing in patients with iodine 400 patients,200 patients were given intravenous injection of ionic contrast agent diatrizoate (meglumine group),200 patients were given intravenous non-ionic contrast medium injection Ultravist (Ultravist group),analysis of adverse events between the two,and 400 patients for the entire observation and nursing care summary and analysis of existing problems. Results: 400 patients had adverse reactions in19 cases,of which 5cases were excellent dimensional,adverse reactions was 2.5%,diatrizoate were 14 cases of adverse reactions was 7.0%,compared the two groups was significant difference (P0.05). Conclusion: The non-ionic contrast agent is safe and effective and worthy of clinical application and promotion,but still a problem in clinical practice,observation and need to be strengthened to prevent and eliminate hidden dangers.


Observations of rapidly formed (<;50-400 ns) distributed plasma discharges using X-band microwaves in Neon with 1 mTorr residual air are presented. A stainless steel cylindrical discharge test chamber is used to observe microwave breakdown at 10 to 760 torr pressures. The chamber is enclosed with polycarbonate windows on both ends and has two side ports. The magnetron illuminates the chamber using 25 kW, 9.382 GHz and 0.8 μs pulse-width power through an X-band waveguide pressed against the polycarbonate window. Microwave diodes are used to measure incident, reflected, and transmitted microwave power to a moveable monopole antenna located beyond the discharge chamber. They provide information to determine the discharge reflection and attenuation characteristics as the pressure is varied. Observations of localized transmission power reduction measurements of -20 dB that occur within 50-400 ns caused by the plasma under different conditions have been made. Optical emission spectra experiments allow one to determine the gas temperature of the plasma at different pressures. Microwave mixers are used to compare both the amplitude and phase of the reflected signals in phase and in quadrature (90 degrees) relative to a fixed phase reference signal. Together with a six region 1-D plasma modeling code, the effective plasma density, collision frequency and electron temperature are estimated. An ICCD provides fast (<;50 ns) time-scale optical images to estimate the plasma size, also revealing the plasma formation and decay processes.


Pediatric Critical Care Medicine www.pccmjournal.org 1075 Furthermore, an even more complex question that is not limited to transport is how to appropriately validate these noninvasive hemodynamic monitors and how to establish the clinical significance of the values obtained. Interestingly, the study by Boet et al (9) also exemplifies how limited interpretation of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring data can be. Although both EC and ultrasound were not affected by transport and showed a good correlation between them, SV measured by EC was consistently higher than values from obtained ultrasound even though EC has been reported to be biased to underestimate CI (10). Although difficult to interpret in a population of hemodynamically stable patients, these differences could be clinically significant in an unstable population. There is a long road ahead for hemodynamic monitoring during pediatric transport, but the article by Boet et al (9) has provided an essential first step into this journey.


Field-derived structural-geology models were established to facilitate the interpretation of 3-D seismic data from the Moosbrunn test area in the southern Vienna Basin. Microtectonic field surveys of fault slip directions and field measurements of reactivated faults, together with field identification of subseismic faults, allowed the construction of a complex 3-D fault model that was applied to the tectonic interpretation of 3-D seismic data.


The kidney is not an uncommon site for malignancy. In the majority of cases, renal cell carcinoma dominates lesion from renal cortex and transitional cell carcinoma from collecting duct system. Besides these neoplasms, squamous cell carcinomas from renal pelvis are detected occasionally and particularly rare. They usually presents at advanced stage and notorious for aggressive course. Here we report case of localised squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis which was found in male patient aged 78 years. He presented with hematuria since 15 days and he is regular smoker since around 35 years. Radiologic imaging showed presence of solid mass arising from lower pole of the right kidney. He underwent nephrectomy and histomorphological features were consistent with diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.


The path of development followed by the post-colonial states has aroused scholarly attention among several economists, P?litical scientists, and sociologists. There have been marked differences between the state policies for development across countries. The fundamental determinant of adopting a specific model of development has been the ideological vision of the political leadership. The common concern for majority of post-colonial governments in Asia, Africa and Latin America was how to eradicate increasing levels of poverty and economic backwardness that these societies were inflicted with. These challenges were to be met by adopting a model of industrialization which would be most suitable for modernization and technological advancement of the economy.


As our personal, organizational, and critical infrastructure are increasingly dependent on networked computing assets, malicious software —malware—is one of the most serious national security threats. Common malware detection practices are proving insufficient, and the task poses significant challenges when faced with automatically generated and polymorphic malware, as well as rootkits, which are exceptionally hard to detect. To address these challenges, we propose an approach that uses an unavoidable consequence of malware—consumption of electrical power. The objective of this research is to determine whether malware generates a detectable signal in the power consumption of a general-purpose computer. Using unsupervised methods to analyze CPU and motherboard power data, we exhibit 87.5% true-positive, 0% false positive, 33.3% false-negative, and 100% true-negative rates when detecting the Alureon rootkit.


As Mohammad Khalil notes, it is odd that so little modern scholarship has been devoted to Islamic views on salvation, especially given that this is arguably the central theme of the Qur'an. Khalil seeks to fill this gap by pulling together important strands of the Islamic tradition on two key soteriological questions. First, to what degree can non-Islamic religious paths save? Second, will final salvation be universal, that is, will it encompass all human beings, even rebellious unbelievers? Khalil's four main chapters bring these two questions to the four great Muslim scholars al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, Ibn Taymiyya and Rashld Rida and their respective heirs. Although these figures are discussed in chronological order, Khalil's interests are primarily typological and systematic, and the book is as much an exercise in theological exposition and analysis as it is in historical reconstruction. With respect to the first question on the salvific value of non-Islamic religions, Khalil deploys the well-known typology of pluralism, inclusivism, and exclusivism, and he shows that all four scholars studied are inclusivists. None of them is a pluralist positing non-Islamic religious traditions as equally salvific alongside the path of the Prophet Muhammad. Nor is any of them an exclusivist limiting salvation only to those making an explicit confession of Islam. Khalil calls Ibn Taymiyya's inclusivism "limited" since those who encounter Islam in its true form and reject it are damned. Al-Ghazali extends the possibility of God's mercy to those who sincerely investigate Islam in its true form but are not entirely convinced. Rida is more lenient, and Ibn "Arab! even more so. However, as Khalil explains, Rida and Ibn ArabI retain the salvific superiority of Islam over other religious paths and thus remain inclusivists. This is a helpful corrective to recent scholarship that has portrayed these two figures as pluralists. All four of Khalil's main thinkers are deeply taken with God's mercy in reflecting on the second theological question, the ultimate destiny of unbelievers: God will most certainly punish unbelievers with Hell-Fire for a time, but God's mercy and wisdom would seem to preclude everlasting chastisement. Khalil cannot find clear evidence to ascribe universalism to al-Ghazali, but it does appear that he thought cases of eternal damnation would be rare. Khalil calls Ibn Arabi a "quasi-universalist" as Hell will eventually be made agreeable to those who reject the truth even if they have to remain therein forever. Full-fledged universalism is then found in Ibn Taymiyya and his leading disciple Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya: God's mercy and wisdom preclude everlasting chastisement in Hell for anyone. As for Rida, Khalil explains how he shifts from eternal damnation


Personal protection equipment (PPE) is used by farmers when dealing with crop protection products. Owing to its relevance, this survey assessed the status of PPE use by the farmers. The survey focused on two districts (Jeshore and Rajshahi) of Bangladesh. Descriptive research design was used to achieve the survey objective including both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Findings revealed that the mean age of respondents was 39.5 years with an average annual income of BDT 194,540.0 (USD 2,434.8), having very poor training exposure, but expressed Original Research Article Afrad et al.; JESBS, 33(3): 1-14, 2020; Article no.JESBS.55825 2 positive perception on PPE use. Upon exposure to any crop protection product, the farmers wash it off immediately, and mostly clean with soap and water within one hour of spray completion. Frequently experienced difficulty was skin burn, and whenever contamination or poisoning occurs local domestic first aid methods were adopted or contact was made to village quacks. Qualitative findings revealed similar information, however, in addition, farmers especially, youth were found to have adopted "traditional PPE," which involves wearing of trousers, long sleeve shirts, polythene in place of hand gloves and cotton napkin to cover their faces. It was suggested that organized campaigns and effective information dissemination would encourage adequate and proper application of PPE. Use of PPE becomes inevitable for farmers' safety with advancement in science and technology and its consequential effects. It is, therefore, obvious that the all stakeholders in agriculture and agri-allied industries take awareness creation and training on PPE use as part of their core agenda to avert hazard and ensure safety.


The finite element model of air rudder structure is established and the structural modal characteristic in typical temperature field is studied. Based on the analysis results,thermal flutter characteristic of the separate rudder is studied in different temperature distributions. Research shows that elevated temperature reduces the rudder stiffness distribution,the decreasing the structural frequency and finally control surface divergence speed falls. As the temperature difference increases,effect of thermal stress should be enhanced,so the thermal stiffness and rudder surface divergence speed rises.


E-VOTING is among the key public sectors that can be disrupted by blockchain technology. The idea in blockchainenabled e-voting (BEV) is simple. To utilise a digital-currency analogy, BEV issues each voter a "wallet" containing a user credential. A manual voting process is excessively time-consuming and takes a lot of steps to finish the vote. With rapid development of information technology, an electronic voting system (E-voting system) is more convenient to vote for someone from a list of candidates shown on a computer screen. However, security is a big concern for electronic voting. In this paper, we build a secure voting system using Paillier homomorphic encryption. Paillier homomorphic encryption is a kind of public key cryptography that has the homomorphic property that can be exploited to calculate the sum of votes without revealing to the system which vote is voted for which candidate. The voting system design has a simple interface that clients can use easily. Here, we contend that blockchain may address two of the most predominant worries in casting a ballot today: voter access and voter extortion. The thought is as per the following. Qualified voters cast a vote namelessly utilizing a PC or cell phone.BEV employs an encrypted key and tamperproof personal IDs. For instance, the mobile e-voting platform of the Boston-based startup Voatz employs smart biometrics and real-time ID verification. In this paper, we highlight some BEV implementations and the challenges.


In traditional Chinese culture,there exists underlying meaning of psychological hygiene education and psychological health education.It promises to be essential theoretical meaning and practical value to lay sound psychological foundation for college students.Only in this way,can the relation between psychological hygiene education and moral education,physical education be well dealt with.Only by combining traditional Chinese culture with western culture,can a modern theoretical and practical system for psychological health be created.


The concept and results of a simple constant switching frequency delta modulation scheme suitable for DC-AC power conversion in uninterruptable power supply (UPS) applications are presented. Unlike the traditional delta modulation scheme, the scheme has a well defined harmonic spectrum, resulting in a simple filter design and reduced radio interference.


ABSTRACT David Bordwell has devoted himself to studying the poetics of cinema in terms of the mode and style of films. Bordwell's study of Chinese film poetics has also become a mirror to reflect on the effectiveness and limitation of the middle-level theory as a form of "post theory". Accordingly, "the gweilo's middle-level (or piecemeal) theories" proved the fundamental methodology for Bordwell to carry out the analysis of the poetics of Chinese cinema. Paying close attention to the action factor of Hong Kong popular cinema and analysing "aesthetics in action", Bordwell indicated that one had to re-understand the question of "popular cinema's recreational and artistic natures". Bordwell analysed Hou's efforts to carry out cinematic staging in terms of "craft" and "technique". Bordwell labelled Hou's cinematic style "lyric realism" and "mature realism". Through middle-level (or piecemeal) theories, he was liable to indulge in minor details, especially when he attempted to deal with the questions of cinematic theories and cinematic history as a whole. Thus, we need to determine both the strong and weak aspects of his analysis of the poetics of Chinese cinema.


Data warehouse is the foundation for data mining in CRM and strategy analyse, Data Mining is a process for searching model and the data relationship within great capacity data using different analysing tools. These model and relation can make forcast. This paper begin with data warehouse concept designing and build a star data mining model in quarantine laboratory's CRM.


To the Editor.— Fibronectin, a large glycoprotein found in the circulation and in the extracellular matrix of adherent cells, is present during wound healing and, like collagen, is important for tissue repair. 1 Fibronectin contributes significantly to the formation of granulation tissue during wound healing. 1,2 Fibroblasts migrate into the wound area and rapidly produce a transient matrix of fibronectin, 2 which is important for the subsequent assembly of granulation tissue components—in particular, collagens type I and type III, heparin sulfate proteoglycan, and chondroitin sulfate. 1 I and others have observed that fibronectin biosynthesis is stimulated as much as fourfold in human skin fibroblasts by physiologic concentrations of glucocorticoids. 3 In contrast, biosynthesis of collagens type I and III decreases as a result of glucocorticoid treatment, both in vivo and in cultured fibroblasts. 4 The temporary increase in fibronectin production during the development of granulation tissue is probably a normal


New evidence reveals that some African soldiers in Britain's Central African Federation—today's Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe—developed African nationalist sympathies in the 1950s and early 1960s because of nationalist infiltration and the increasing unpopularity of colonialism. Discontent was also linked to participation in British counter-insurgency in Malaya, and news of Kenya's Mau Mau Uprising and the Congo Crisis. African soldiers questioned European officers, demanded commissions, wrote complaint letters, met secretly, circulated nationalist propaganda, joined nationalist organizations, made abortive plots and engaged in "subversive talk." With independence for Zambia and Malawi, white officers in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) doubted black soldiers' dependability in future operations against nationalist insurgents but had to rely on them because of limited white manpower.


The Bachelor work solves sociological issue of the family crisis in framework of the Czech Republic from viewpoint some occurrence family crisis in the Czech Republic or not. This issue contains many overthemes. Without these overthemes it is not possible to answer the problem of the family crisis in contemporary Czech family. This significant aspects which describe the current Czech family are growing number of relationship of unmarried cohabitation and with it is related to increasing of numer natural children, the increasing of autonomy and individuality of personality in society, some aspirations for conversion of roles in the family in some detail, a displacement of entry into the marriage for later date and simultaneously a displacement of nativity of the first children for later date and high divorce rate. In conclusion I disclose some idea that the czech family rather than inheres in the crisis, it is coming through institutional transformation.


The paper considers a traffic generated by messages that are sent by car drivers moving on a highway. The drivers exchange these messages (dedicated short-range communications) using the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), IEEE 802.11p standard. The communication channels provide access to each other or to objects located on the same highway. A mathematical model is developed to estimate the capacity congestion of the mobile connection by which the messages are sent. The model provides estimates that are used to prescribe parameters of a queueing system. This queueing system is used to estimate the delays of the messages transitions. An approximate formula is proposed to compute the average sojourn time in this queueing system.


BACKGROUND Asparaginase (ASNase) is an integral part of therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Pegylated E. coli ASNase (pegaspargase, PEG) and Erwinia ASNase (crisantaspase) are the two formulations currently in use in the USA. An ASNase activity of at least 0.1 IU/mL is the target necessary for adequate asparagine depletion from cells. Hypersensitivity reactions are the most common adverse events associated with ASNase. Two patterns of hypersensitivity are observed: acute, symptomatic allergic reaction or silent inactivation. In silent inactivation, there is in no clinically observed reaction, but immunologic clearance results in inadequate ASNase activity ( E. coli ASNase in induction before switching to PEG. Also, PEG was typically given via intramuscular injection in these studies. Our institution has exclusively used intravenous (i.v.) PEG for patients with ALL and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LLy) since 2012, and began monitoring ASNase activity in 2014. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence and pattern of hypersensitivity to PEG. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of 221 patients with newly diagnosed ALL or LLy treated at our institution between 2014 and 2016. Of those, 96 were eligible for analysis based on the availability of at least 1 ASNase level, including B-ALL patients classified as high / very high-risk after induction, and all T-ALL / LLy patients (Table 1). PEG 2500 IU/m 2 was given via 1-hour i.v. infusion per the schedule used in COG protocols. Routine premedication with antihistamines was not given. 125 patients were excluded due to low / average risk B-ALL, no ASNase levels, or having received alternate chemotherapy. ASNase activity was measured 1 week after PEG in the consolidation and delayed intensification phases of therapy. Silent inactivation was defined as an ASNase activity grade 3), liver dysfunction (CTCAE > grade 3), hypertriglyceridemia (CTCAE > grade 3), pancreatitis (CTCAE > grade 2), and thrombosis (CTCAE > grade 2). Descriptive statistics were created for patient and disease features, and Pearson correlation was used to evaluate association of ASNase levels to patient characteristics (SAS v9.4 Cary NC). RESULTS Patients included in the analysis had a mean age of 9.1 years; the majority had B-ALL (79.2%). Twenty patients (20.8%) had an overt allergic reaction after PEG. There were no patients (95% CI = 0 - 3.8%) with silent inactivation (Table 1). A total of 260 ASNase levels were recorded for an average of 2.7 ASNase levels per patient, with a maximum of 5 levels. The mean ASNase activity in patients without allergic reaction was 1.36 IU/ml (SD = 0.37). Age (r p = -0.41, p p = -0.36, p p = -0.40, p 150 U/L and/or total bilirubin > 3 mg/dL, followed by hyperglycemia (N=22, 22.9%) with a glucose level >250 mg/dL, and thromboembolic event (N=11, 11.5%). Pancreatitis (N=4, 4.2%) and hypertriglyceridemia (N=5, 5.2%) were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients with ALL/LLy who receive i.v. PEG on the dose/schedule used in COG protocols do not experience silent inactivation. The mean ASNase activity in our experience is higher than reported previously. The incidence of overt allergic reaction is consistent with prior reports. Older patient age at diagnosis and higher baseline weight/BSA correlated with lower, but still therapeutic, ASNase activity. Hepatotoxicity was frequently noted in our series. These data suggest that routine monitoring of ASNase activity may not be warranted for pediatric patients receiving i.v. PEG as given on current COG protocols. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Nonlinear modelling has become increasingly important and widely used in economics. This valuable book brings together recent advances in the area including contributions covering cross-sectional studies of income distribution and discrete choice models, time series models of exchange rate dynamics and jump processes, and artificial neural network and genetic algorithm models of financial markets. Attention is given to the development of theoretical models as well as estimation and testing methods with a wide range of applications in micro and macroeconomic labour and finance.


The Tarim Basin in south Xinjiang is one of the most important cotton growing areas in China, but the information about fertilization in cotton fields is deficient. In order to reveal the fertilization in cotton fields, in this paper, an investigation on the actuality of fertilization was carried out in Cele and Yuli counties located in the southern and northern marginal zones of the Tarim Basin respectively, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The results show that the fertilizers applied in cotton fields were different between Cele and Yuli counties. The proportion of organic fertilizer in Cele County was 41 % and higher than that in Yuli County (11 %--24 %), however, chemical fertilizers in Yuli were more than that in Cele. The quantity of nitrogenous fertilizer applied in cotton fields varied in a range of 426--430 kg·hm~(-2) in both counties, which was much higher than that recommended, the proportion of farmer households excessively applying nit rogenous fertilizer was in a range of 39 %--73 %, but the quantity was less than the recommended one in 6 %--8 % farmer households. In Cele County, the average quantities of P and K fertilizers applied in cotton fields were 114 kg·hm~(-2) and 131 kg·hm~(-2) respectively, which were also higher than the recommended ones; in Yuli County, they were 48--115 kg·hm~(-2) and 51--79 kg·K·hm~(-2) respectively, the distribution was in a dispersive way, and the proportions of farmer households excessively and deficiently applying P fertilizer were 51 % and 21 % respectively; the fertilization of K fertilizer was deficient in 88 % farmer households.


The authors submit the results of investigations of the beam-plasma instability derangement in the hybrid plasma waveguide. The latter, placed into the longitudinal magnetic field, consists of a chain of cavities connected inductively and its passage channel is filled with plasma. In this plasma, the excitation of low-frequency oscillations that belong to the low-hybrid resonance range is examined. The investigations are carried out in the beam-plasma oscillator. The plasma is generated and maintained due to the beam-plasma discharge. PACS: 52.40.Mj


This paper presents a novel method to calculate mirror element spacing arrangement in a Linear Fresnel reflector (LFR). Methodology section gives the mathematical foundations of the method, which will be used, afterwards, to calculate shading efficiency of the LFR for hours, days and for a whole year. Calculations were done for different design profile angles and different locations. Results showed that low design profile angles gave the highest shading efficiencies; 0.906 for a design profile angle of 10° at Casablanca, Morocco. In addition, fluctuation in shading efficiency during a year were smaller for low design profile angles than for higher ones. In the case where the calculations were done for several locations, locations with low latitudes gave the highest shading efficiencies; 0,911 for the equator. As for the design profile angle, low latitudes enabled less fluctuation in shading efficiency during a year, shading efficiency was constant for the equator during the whole year.


Recent, compelling arguments regarding the overwhelming influence of drainage basin lithology on strath formation (Montgomery, 2004) require reevaluation of the role other factors play in this process. Pancho Rico Creek ("PRC") is a bedrock-eroding stream in the tectonically active central Coast Ranges of California. Late-Quaternary time stream piracy of the upper San Lorenzo Creek catchment by PRC caused 'instantaneous' (at graded timescales) catchment-area expansion (from 99.5 –156.6 km2) and a significant change in the lithologic composition of PRC channel bedload. This naturally occurring "experiment" in the southern Gabilan Range provides insight regarding the influences of catchment area and channel-bedload composition on formation of fluvial straths in the context of newly recognized controls on bedrock-channel erosion (Sklar and Dietrich, 2001; Stock and others, 2005). Distinct compositional differences in pre- and post-capture PRC alluvium facilitates deducing from alluvial stratigraphy pre- and post-capture fluvial processes. The pre-capture drainage basin of PRC, known as Pancho Rico Valley, is entirely underlain by predominantly fine-grained, friable, clastic marine sediments of the Pancho Rico Formation. Pre-capture PRC alluvium consists only of Pancho Rico Formation clasts, but post-capture PRC alluvium also includes relatively competent clasts of Franciscan Complex rocks. Pre- and post-capture straths formed in Pancho Rico Valley only along reaches of PRC where drainage area was/is greater than ca. 60 km2. This indicates that a minimum catchment area is necessary for PRC to carve straths. Spatial and temporal patterns of strath formation in Pancho Rico Valley support the hypothesis that distribution of straths within a drainage basin underlain by mechanically weak rock is largely dependent on catchment area. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain differences in the character of pre- and post-capture straths as well as the processes leading to their formation and/or preservation. Pre-capture straths are paired, major straths, which indicate that lateral incision prevailed over vertical incision during a given interval of graded time (for example, Bull, 1990). Post-capture straths are unpaired, minor straths, which indicate simultaneous vertical and lateral incision during a given interval of graded time (for example, Bull, 1990). One hypothesis proposes that PRC was able to simultaneously (over graded timescales) lower and widen its channel in post-capture time because the presence of relatively competent bedload enhanced abrasion and accelerated channel denudation. Relatively incompetent bedload precluded simultaneous channel lowering and widening in pre-capture time. An alternative, favored hypothesis is that post-capture minor straths are present along PRC because they are buried under Franciscan-Complex derived gravelly alluvium, which is more resistant to weathering than Pancho-Rico-Formation derived gravelly alluvium. Thin deposits typical of minor erosional straths, and composed of readily weathered Pancho Rico Formation bedload, were insufficient to protect straths from weathering and erosion in pre-capture time. Pre-capture straths survived only when buried by substantial amounts of alluvium, as may have occurred during an episode of strath formation and alluviation caused by climate change.


1. Clams of the species Protothaca staminea were exposed to a range of copper concentrations of control (= 0.35), 7, 18, 39 and 82 µg/l for 30 days.2. Mortalities were monitored during the exposure. The results indicated that copper concentrations of 39 and 82 µg/l were extremely stressful with survivals of only 14 and 3%, respectively, after 30 days. At 7 and 18 µg/l, survival was slightly reduced when compared to controls.3. Analyses for tissue copper concentrations showed that the gill was the primary organ for the concentration of copper and exhibited a linear relationship between its copper content and the exposure concentration.4. Effects of copper on the gill were demonstrated by a disruption of sodium and potassium regulation at 39 µ/l and increases in acid phosphatase activity at lower exposure concentrations. The former was associated with high mortalities, while the latter was considered to be a sublethal cytotoxic response.5. Two low-molecular-weight, copper-binding proteins could be distingui...


Rare earth (Pr, Nd and Tm) doped Lu2SiO5 (LSO) single crystals were grown by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. The concentrations were added 0.05, 0.10, and 0.25% of Pr, 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50% of Nd, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100% of Tm with respect to Lu, respectively. Optical and radiation measurements were carried out on the samples. Pr samples have a transparency of about 80% in visible wavelength range in all crystals. Intense absorptions related with Pr3+ 4f–5d transitions were observed peaking around 230, 255 nm, and weak absorptions due to 4f–4f transitions were detected around 450 nm. In radio luminescence spectra, emissions due to Pr3+ 5d–4f transition were observed peaking around 275 nm, 310 nm, and emissions due to 4f–4f transition were observed peaking around 500 nm. By pulse height analysis with gamma-ray excitation using 137Cs, Pr 0.1% doped sample showed the highest light yield of 2,800ph/MeV. In decay time measurements using different excitation energy (photo-luminescence, X- and gamma-ray), two different processes of 5d–4f emissions were found. Fast decay component corresponds to direct excitation of Pr3+ (4–6 ns) and slower component (25 ns) reflects the energy migration process from the host lattice to the emission center.


The objective of this study is to explore the complexity of airflow through the human respiratory tract by carrying out computational fluid dynamics simulation (CFD). In order to capture the detailed physics of the flow in this complex system, large eddy simulation (LES) was performed. The crucial step in this analysis is to investigate the impact of breathing transience on the flow field. In this connection, simulations were carried out for transient breathing in addition to peak inspiration and expiration. To enable a fair comparison, the flow rates for constant inspiration/expiration were selected to be identical to the peak flow rates during the transient breathing. Physiologically-appropriate regional ventilation for two different flow rates was induced. The velocity field and turbulent flow features were discussed for both flow rates. The airflow through the larynx was observed to be significantly complex with high turbulence level, recirculation, and secondary flow while the level of turbulence decreased through the lower bifurcations.


The use of motorcycle and their accident rate has grown significantly in Iran in recent years. Due to the higher vulnerability of motorcycle riders the numbers of injuries in motorcycle accidents are higher than other vehicles (about 54%). The most vulnerable part of body in motorcycle accidents is the leg; as in about 60 percent of motorcycle accident that cause injuries, leg injuries are perceivable. One of the accessories which can be helpful in reducing leg injury, are the motorcycle leg protectors, especially the front leg protectors. In this paper, collects data and information about the accidents that cause injuries and the number of injured motorcycles which are equipped with leg protectors and of those which are not, and also the rate of using the leg protectors in the community of normal motorcycle riders and those who have had injury accidents, is analyzed. The data has been gathered from available accident data, vehicle counts, and interview with motorcycle riders. For the purpose of statistical analysis of the data, graphical analysis and statistical tests, i.e. the likelihood-ratio test in two communities, and K-test, has been used. Additionally, Chi2 test has been applied for analyzing the results and examining the validity of the data. Finally, it has been concluded that according to the existing statistics, it can not be inferred that installing the front leg protectors significantly reduces the rate of injury accidents. However, observations and surveys reveal that these protectors have a positive impact on reducing the leg injuries in non-severe motorcycle injury accidents.


The everyday reality of children's multilingualism is a significant resource for expanding students' perspectives on the world, but many questions remain regarding the negotiation of these resources in mainstream classrooms. Drawing on research from a long-term Canadian study of multiliterate pedagogies, this paper explores mediation of home language use in mainstream classrooms, the functions it performs in students' texts and the contribution of home language to students' academic development. Three very different student texts and the contexts for their production are used to illustrate (a) differences between the mediational properties of multilingual models and talk about the models; (b) the contribution of monolingual educators' to the students' efforts; (c) the transformation of home literacies into academic practices and (d) students' independent development of mediational tools. We argue more attention must be paid to pedagogic practices that capitalize on children's multilingual capacities if educators are to better support these students' growth as meaning-makers.


The mucosa and ethmoid bone in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)have different degrees pathological changes,which are correlative with the clinical types of CRS and the postoperative prognosis.Along with the increasing of the clinical types,the pathological changes of the mucosa and ethmoid bone become heavier,and the heavier the pathological changes of the ethmoid bone,the poorer the prognosis,which is probably the reason for difficult treatment and relapse of CRS.The characteristics of pathological changes of the mucosa and ethmoid bone fully reflect the development and outcome mechanism of CRS.It provides the scientific pathological basis for the clinical typing of CRS.Here is to summarize the pathological changes of mucosa and ethmoid bone in patients with CRS.


Electrodeposition of aluminum-titanium alloys has been carried out onto platinum and mild steel cathodes from 6.14:3.07:0.09 (mole ratio) AlCl 3 -BPC-TiCl 4 molten bath by controlled-potential and pulse potential methods. High concentration of TiCl 4 (>0.1 mol dm - 3 ) interferes with the deposition processes of Al and Al-Ti alloys. The deposition of pure titanium from this electrolyte is difficult, but titanium is co-deposited with aluminum in the form of alloys. The morphologies of the electrodeposited layers have been investigated by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. The cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of alloys is about 97%.


Eco-driving behavior can be triggered by many aspects such as economic and environmental awareness. In Indonesia this issue received less attention from citizen, whereas it has significant roles in reducing greenhouse gas emission. This paper initiated a study about eco-driving tendency behavior among Indonesian people, the objective is to see whether current behavior support or not, and does the differences between gender and age exist. Adopted on-line study method using an online form questionnaire" 27 questions developed consist of 8 items related to individual data, 19 items related to perception and driving behavior. The respond measures using 5 scale option answers (i.e. strongly disagree, disagree, quite agree, agree, and strongly agree). Based on average respondents' answers, can be concluded that the tendency of behavior somewhat supports to in line with eco-driving behavior. After Q15 and Q18 omitted based on Pearson-product moment correlation, further analysis results showed that most of respondents categorized into mild tendency behavior (109 respondents). However, a mild tendency among female respondents are higher than male, and the strong tendency of males is higher than female respondents. Based on gender, there are no significant tendency behavior differences between male and female (p-value = 0, 320), and also among age groups (30y, 31-40y, 41-50y, and >50y), even though age >50 have a lower tendency to the behavior compare to other groups.


The relationship between doctors and their patients has become less paternalistic and still holds a central and trusted place in society, a new international study has found. But its authors warn that, to keep that status, doctors will need to measure up to patients' higher expectations of care.

At the World Medical Association's annual general assembly in Helsinki this week, Mike Magee, the association's senior fellow in the humanities, described a study of the perceptions of 3707 …


A semiempirical model, based on the presence of an inhibitory intermediate metabolite excreted to the broth, was developed to better predict the dynamic responses to shock loadings of Pseudomonas putida Q5 degrading phenol. Compared to the Haldane equation, the new model exhibited better prediction capabilities for a broad range of inlet concentration and dilution rate step changes. The experiments were performed at 10° and 25°C and ranged from stable responses to washouts. The time delays observed experimentally were successfully predicted with the dual‐inhibition model and a very good agreement with the observed phenol profile also was found in a pulse experiment. A possible intermediate metabolite was detected by HPLC analyses based on the high correlation shown with the predicted inhibitory intermediate metabolite in the model. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 560–567, 1998.


The tin(IV) complexes [SnX4L][L = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole; X = Cl, Br or I] and [SnMe2Cl2L] were prepared by a dehydration reaction of N-(2-aminophenyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide L′ with either SnX4(X = Cl, Br or I) or SnMe2Cl2 in chloroform solution. The X-ray crystal structures of [SnMe2Cl2L] and [SnBr4L]·0.5MeNO2 show a distorted octahedral geometry around the tin(IV) atom in both molecules. The ligand L acts as a bidentate chelate with ligated atoms being the pyridine-type nitrogens of the heterocyclic rings. The chlorine atoms in [SnMe2Cl2L] are cis while the methyl groups are trans to each other, Infrared and Mossbauer spectra and a correlation of X-ray structural and anti-tumour (P388 lymphocytic leukaemia) data for the octahedral tin(IV) complexes are also reported. The X-ray structures are the first such reported for metal complexes containing 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole.


A field trial was conducted during kharif season, 2011 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, (BCKV) Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India to study the effect of some insecticides and their mix formulations against pigeon pea pod borer and pod fly. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications for each treatment. Insecticides viz. novaluron 10 EC, indoxacarb 14.5SC, emamectin benzoate 5SG, lambda-cyhalothrin 5EC, thiamethoxam 25WG, fipronil 5SC, novaluron 5.25+indoxacarb 4.5SC, novaluron 5.25+fipronil 4SC and indoxacarb 14.5SC+thiamethoxam 25WG were sprayed twice at 15 days interval. The mean number of pod borer larvae and pod fly maggots per plant and their damage were observed randomly from five plants at before and 5, 10 and 15 days after each spray. Mixed formulation of novaluron 5.25+indoxacarb 4.5SC @ 80 g a.i./ha and novaluron 5.25+fipronil 4SC @ 80 g a.i./ha, were found to be the most effective with cent percent reduction of Helicoverpa larval population whereas in case of pod fly, novaluron+fipronil @ 80 g a.i./ha and fipronil @ 50 g a.i./ha were the best with 72.5% reduction of pod fly population for each treatment. The highest yield was also recorded in novaluron+fipronil @ 80 g a.i./ha treated plot (18.6 q/ha) followed by novaluron+indoxacarb and fipronil treated plot with 16.4 and 16.2 q/ha, respectively while in control plot it was only 7.5q/ha.


Objective The effect of introducing electron-withdrawing group on the yield and isomer distribution of 2-(5-chlorobenzotriazolyl)acetonitriles were discussed.Methods 2-(5-Chlorobenzotriazolyl)acetonitriles were synthesized from 5-chlorobenzotriazole and chloroacetonitrile with anhydrous K2CO3 as the acid-binging agent in ethyl acetate.The products were characterized by IR and 1H-NMR.Results Three isomers of the title products were 2-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) acetonitrile(C1),3-(5-chloro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)acetonitrile(C2) and 2-(5-chloro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)acetonitrile(C3) with a yield of 21.34%,22.47% and 33.70%,respectively.The total yield of 77.52% was higher higher than that of 2-(benzotriazolyl)-acetonitriles from the reaction of benzotriazole with chloroacetonitrile(59.31%).Conclusion The number of isomers and total yield of 2-(5-Chlorobenzotriazolyl)-acetonitriles is greater than those of 2-(benzotriazolyl)acetonitriles.