In this paper,effect of applying different rates of phosphoric fertilizer on soil available phosphorus,total phosphorus,phosphorus activation coefficient(PAC) and phosphorus absorption and accumulation of plant in cotton field were studied by field experiment.The results showed that phosphoric fertilizer application could increase the available phosphorus content,total phosphorus content and phosphorus activation coefficient(PAC).Compared with CK,the content of available phosphorus,the content of total phosphorus and PAC of low phosphorus input at 0 ~ 20 cm layer increased by 35.31%,12.44% and 20.67%,respectively;The content of available phosphorus,the content of total phosphorus and PAC of high phosphorus treat at 0 ~ 20 cm layer increased by 76.05%,33.64% and 35.48%,respectively.The accumulate of phosphorous during flowering stage and opening stage with low phosphorus application inhanced by 44.69% and 46.56% over CK,respectively;The accumulate of phosphorous during flowering stage and opening stage with high phosphorus treat inhanced by 20.16% and 7.51% than CK,respectively.So advice was given that application of phosphorus 75 ~ 150 kg.hm-2could meet the needs of cotton plant.


Extreme palaeoclimate change events from Earth history can be used to further our understanding of the Earth's potential responses to anthropogenic climate change. The geological record of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE; ~183 million years ago) provides an opportunity to study a period of extreme palaeoclimate change that was associated with global carbon release and global warming. This research presents: evidence for the effects of T-OAE climate change at tropical latitudes; a more efficient technique for high-resolution proxy dataset production, and an astronomical timescale for the T-OAE.

In this study, protocols for elemental analysis using portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF) have been optimised for the production of high quality, high-resolution proxy data from sedimentary successions. The new protocols have been used to demonstrate that these data are suitable for cyclostratigraphic studies, and that they provide the opportunity to produce astronomical timescales more quickly, cheaply and more easily than commonly-used combustion analyses.

Three published and two previously unstudied successions of early Toarcian strata along a proximal to distal profile in the Middle Atlas Basin, Morocco were investigated and recorded. Sedimentological and geochemical analyses show widespread deposition of storm beds and increased sedimentation rates within the T-OAE, providing evidence for acceleration of the tropical hydrological cycle due to global warming associated with the T-OAE.

High-resolution sedimentological and geochemical records of a T-OAE succession reveal an -8‰ carbon isotope excursion over 66.6 m of strata coincident with evidence for enhanced storm activity. Cyclostratigraphic analysis of the sedimentological and geochemical data show that T-OAE enhanced storm activity lasted for >950 kyr and was modulated by 100 kyr and 21 kyr astronomical cycles in seasonality. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that intense tropical storm frequency increased in response to increasing temperature, and that the T-OAE carbon cycle perturbation lasted ~1.3 Myr.


In the last fifteen years, Daniel Danis has established his international reputation with a series of highly original plays that subvert linguistic norms and dramatic conventions. The winner of three Governor General's Awards for Francophone Canadian Drama, as well as numerous awards both in Canada and France, Danis now divides his time between his home in the Saguenay and France, where he has been writer in residence at the Théâtre National de la Colline, and a visiting faculty member at Le Fresnoy, the National Studio for Contemporary Arts. From the beginning of his career, Danis has found Québec and French publishers and theatre directors, as well as translators and directors across Europe and Canada, happy to embrace his work. This article will serve as an introduction to Danis' theatre and as an argument that Québec theatre merits inclusion in any canon of world theatrical literature in French acknowledged by the ''world republic of letters.'' Danis belongs to the generation of Québec playwrights who followed Michel Tremblay, Jean Barbeau, Jean-Claude Germain, and the 1970s experimental theatre collectives of the nouveau théâtre québécois. Using joual, the vernacular of urban Québec, as well as Brechtian and other counter-culture theatrical strategies, the nouveau théâtre québécois built a distinctively Québécois dramaturgy that affirmed and revised collective identity at the same time it declared its independence from Parisian linguistic norms and artistic models. After the defeat of the 1980 referendum on sovereignty-association, and as artists and intellectuals overcame their inferiority complex vis-à-vis France, Québec theatre turned away from politicized nationalist theatre that dramatized


A common complaint heard today is that college graduates are functional illiterates, lacking the ability to read, write, do basic mathematical computations, or communicate effectively. As revealed in test results of students across the nation, the problem is national in origin and growing in severity. To counter its effects, which are both economic and social, institutions everywhere are stressing a return to the basics, the fundamental cornerstone of an acceptable higher education system. Government policymakers, educators, and researchers have only recently become intensely concerned with postsecondary developmental education. Such basic instruction has existed, however, since at least 1894, when Wellesley College initiated a developmental education program. Since then, the emphasis on programs for poorly prepared college students has become increasingly important. To respond to this new college generation, some college administrators and professors stress basic skills or a fundamental mastery of core knowledge. The works of Cross, Gordon, Mulka, Sherrin, Coleman, and others provide a fairly consistent picture of basic skills and developmental studies students and of those characteristics, as listed below, that may limit educational achievement:


Two articles are features: one, "the problem in Lincolnshire" discusses accident prevention measures throughout the county, and the other "a sort of progress" describes a training scheme being run by the Cheshire police. The first article describes police publicity exhibitions at motor cycle race meetings at Cadwell Park and "better bike" discussion evenings held in school halls. Advisory "safe rider" roadside checks were also held during the spring of 1978. Speed enforcement checks were also held during race meetings with further press and TV publicity. A twelve month survey of accidents within the county is being used to identify further areas for action. The second article describes the setting up and operation of the safe motor cycling scheme in Cheshire. This scheme, largely operated by civilians but under general police supervision, has been used to train all types and ages of motor cyclists. Advice is given on teaching methods and the organisation needed to run such a scheme. Although there is no course examination, the author claims that all their pupils subsequently pass the department of transport driving test. /TRRL/


A raffinose-glucoside (RA-Glu) was synthesized as a potential moisture agent by using Leuconostoc mesenteroides (512FMCM) dextransucrase with raffinose (RA) as an acceptor and sucrose as a glucose donor. After reaction, the product was purified using Biogel P-2 column chromatography. The molecular w...


In this paper, we experiment with a small working model SWM, where we can inject faults and learn the intelligence about the system, then scale up this fault models to monitor the condition of an actual/complex system, without injecting faults in the actual system. We refer to this approach as scalable fault models. We check the effectiveness of our approach using 3 kVA and 5 kVA synchronous generators to emulate the behaviour of SWM and actual system, respectively. We linearise the features from the SWM and actual system in a higher-dimensional space using locality constrained linear coding LLC to make them linearly separable. Subsequently, the system-independent features are selected using principal component analysis PCA to make the fault models robust across the systems. Support vector machine SVM is used as a back-end classifier. Experiments and results show that proposed LLC-PCA system outperforms the baseline system.


Paper information of technical journals includes paper number,authors information,co-author information,project funding,keywords information,citation information,reviewing experts,papers index information and papers cited information. Journal editors work with paper information every day and have responsibilities and obligations to statistically analyze paper information. Statistical analysis of those information can help to attract manuscripts,improve review efficiency and the accuracy,raise the level of editing work,improve the journal publishing and network communication and give suggestions to the positioning and development of journals,etc.Journal editors can use commercial database or personal holding information to statistically analyze paper information.


Objective To study the CT and pathological features of hepatic hydatid cyst,and evaluate the value of CT in its diagnosis.Methods CT data were retrospectively analyzed in 34 patients with pathologically-proven hepatic hydatid diseases.Results Out of 34 cases,33 cases were correctly diagnosed,only one case was misdiagnosed,and the diagnostic accuracy was 97.05%.Conclusion Hepatic hydatid cyst has its characteristic CT manifestations.CT can reflect some characteristic pathological changes at different stages of hepatic hydatid cyst,and is of high value in the diagnosis of hepatic hydatid.


Infection is one of major problems in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) or Bipolar Head Prosthesis (BHP). We have used Calcium Phosphate Paste (CPP) for treatment of infected TKA and BHP, and followed up for minimum one year. CPP is a mixture of alpha Tri-Calcium Phosphate, Tetra-Calcium Phosphate, Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite. CPP harden in 10 minutes and its stiffness increases to maximum in 3 days. Infected TKA were diagnosed in four osteoarthritis and four rheumatoid arthritis knees, and BHP infection were observed in two femoral neck fracture cases from 2001 to 2007. Two were male and eight were female, average age were 67.3 years old ranged 39 to 80. Follow-up period were one to 7 years. Six cases were MRSA infection, three MSSA, one was unidentified but diagnosed with clinical data. In TKA cases, CPP (10–12g) with vancomycin hydrochloride or tobramycin were filled on the back side of PMMA articulated surface spacers, and in BHP cases, CPP with antibiotics were filled in acetabulum. In all TKA cases, infection ceased in 2 to 4 month and revision TKA ware performed. One recurrence of infection was observed during follow up in BHP infection, and nine patients can walk with/without a cane. No venous thromboembolism were observed. CPP filled in the space between articulated spacer and bone is gradually crashed and can release antibiotics during walking and ROM exercise. CPP with antibiotics is useful for the treatment after infected TKA and BHP.


Shock‐induced chemical reactions in ∼58% dense Mo+2Si powder mixtures were investigated using time‐resolved instrumented experiments employing PVDF‐piezoelectric stress gauges placed at the front and rear surfaces of the powders to measure the input and propagated stresses and wave speed through the powder mixture. Experiments performed on the powders at input stresses less than 4 GPa showed characteristics of powder densification and dispersed propagated wave stress profiles with rise time >∼40 nanoseconds. At input stresses between 4–6 GPa, the powder mixtures showed a sharp rise time (<∼10 ns) of propagated wave profiles and an expanded state of products revealing evidence of shock‐induced chemical reaction. At input stresses greater than 6 GPa, the powder mixtures showed a slower propagated‐stress‐wave rise time and transition to a low‐compressibility (melt) state indicating lack of shock‐induced reaction. The results illustrate that premature melting of Si, at input stresses less than the crush‐stren...


The heavy rainfall process during the period of 12~14 May 2002("02. 5") is diagnosed by the T213 output and conventional sounding data. The result shows that the event is caused by the upper trough, surface cold front and uppe r and lower-level jets. The heavy rainfall area locates in the instability regio n with strongly ascending motion, high energy and high humidity.


The most common dialectal alternative to the Modern English comparative particle than is a negative form with variants such as ne, na, and nor, e.g. You're my son – more to me nor any son (Dickens, Great Expectationsii. xx). This paper presents a detailed historical survey of this dialectal usage in varieties of British and Irish English, and offers an assessment of its regional distribution since the medieval period. The paper also investigates the possible origins of the form, first highlighting some problems of previous analyses, before comparing and contrasting the use of negation in comparative constructions in French and Insular Celtic. The evidence strongly suggests that the negative comparative particle in English should be seen as an areal feature of the British Isles, and that language contact with Celtic lies at the root of it.


Composite materials provide many mechanical advantages; however, they are susceptible to failure or delamination due to impact, high concentrated stresses and fatigue produced by high loading and dripping weight due to poor manufacturing processes yielding to delamination. The objective of enhancing delamination in the laminated composite structural panel's elements is to control the response of the composite structures in order to prevent catastrophic failure due to excessive deformation. The main scope of this thesis is to study the effect of a different amplitude fatigue cycle in tension-tension on a carbon fiber laminated composite plates with initial delamination to determine the maximum number of loading cycles required to propagate the initial delamination and failure through the preformed delamination. The study also, will encompass the comparison with numerical analysis models using Nastran/Patran software. The laminate composite plates were fabricated with woven prepreg carbon fiber with an initial delamination and tested under tensile and constant amplitude cycle loading. The tensile characteristics of the laminated composite plates were determined using the standard test. The number of the fatigue cyclic was determined for fatigue tests with different maximum stresses of 72 .5%, 69.5%, 66.5%, 63.5%, and 60.5% from the average ultimate failure loading. A linear static numerical analysis was performed using MSC Patran/Nastran to correlate a finite element model and test data for the tensile load cases. The finite element model was validated by comparing the deformation shape and v the predicted high stress concentration areas of the test specimen during the experimental analysis with the predicted numerical analysis. The flexural stiffness is predicted to be reduced by approximately 200% by the addition of an initial delamination. The fatigue life of the laminated composite plates tested would extend over 20000 cycles at a load rate between 55% and 60% of the ultimate failure loading if the input load drops above 10%. The numerical analysis performed showed a difference of 41% to the experimental analysis. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


Objective To observe the changes of BALP and CⅠCP in rats with coal-burning fluorosis and to explore the role of osteogenesis in skeletal fluorosis.Methods A total of 160 SD rats weaned for four weeks were randomly divided into control group,low,moderate,high-dose group,respectively.All of the rats were fed with the corn(fluoride level: 6.30,9.56,15.89,23.00 mg/kg) roasted with the coal from the endemic fluorosis area.After treatment for 30 days,90 days and 180 days,levels of BALP and C Ⅰ CP in serum were measured with ELISA.Results After treatment for 30 days and 90 days,no significant deference was seen in BALP among the four groups.For 180 days,the BALP levels in high-dose and medium-dose group were higher than that of control group(P0.01).After treatment for 30 days,value of CⅠCP in high-dose group was lower than that of control,For 90 days,the levels of CⅠCP in high-dose group and moderate-dose group were higher than that of control,and for 180 days,the levels of C Ⅰ CP in all exposure groups were higher compared with the control.Conclusion Fluoride can enhance the osteogenesis in rats,and the effect of fluoride on CⅠCP is more obvious than on BALP.


While competitions have been significant in stimulating perpetuation of the hula since the cultural resurgence of the early 1970s, these very events have provided the stage for creativity that has transformed the tradition. I describe the competition events and examine how their circumstances have impacted repertoire, performance, and presentation. Understanding how genre conventions have changed in the context of competition structures is fundamental to this analysis.


Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Vol. 38, No. 4, July 2010 shop.elsevier.com.au, Tower 1, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood, NSW 2067; $110.00; 195×260 mm; pp. 390; ISBN 978-0-729-53878-7. This is a new book by Chris Joyce and co-authors based on radiology of the critically ill patient. The book is presented in a problem-based format as a series of cases. For each case an X-ray image and a small potted history is presented, followed by a series of questions and answers and a boxed section of key learning points. Each chapter covers an individual region of the body: chest, abdomen and pelvis, head, neck and back and finally, limbs. There is an additional useful short chapter on imaging modalities. Plain X-ray, computed tomograhy, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound images are included. Each chapter begins with an applied anatomy lesson on the region concerned. The book is accompanied by an interactive CD, which includes all the images from the book. These images are of a high quality, similar to those viewed by a reporting radiologist. Images can be scrolled through and magnified to aid with interpretation. The authors certainly achieve their target of presenting images from the full disease spectrum affecting the critically ill adult. The book is well laid out, easy to use and the problem-based approach keeps it interesting. There is ample space for notes after each case. At $110 AUD the book and CD are good value for money. This book would be extremely useful to all candidates sitting intensive care examinations and also to practising intensivists wishing to update their radiology interpretation skills. M. heaney Perth, Western Australia


In an integrated steel plant coal and coke preparation units demand application of high performance hammers in coal crushing units to maintain high coal crushing index and heavy duty screen decks for maximizing yield of sized coke (25-80 mm fraction). These components work under severe wear due to the combined effects of fatigue and impact loadings. An attempt has been made to develop a suitable material for hammer heads of coal crushing units and screen decks for screening the -25 mm coke. In case of hammer, top portion of hammer head was synthetically prepared using an alloy powder of Fe-C (~3%), Cr (~18%), Mo (~1.5%), which was sintered, ensuring uniform through thickness hardness value of 60 HRC. The material used for the screen decks was 2-2.5 mm thick composite (Fe-C (~1%) - Cr (15-17%) alloy powder) deposited over mild steel plate of 8 mm thick by submerged arc welding. Such surface treatment process enabled to enhance hardness value in excess of 55 HRC and the material was found quite suitable to withstand higher fatigue stresses during screening operation due to good wear resistance property. The service lives of both hammers & screen decks improved significantly i.e. higher than 6000 hrs. and 27 months respectively as against earlier service life of 3000-3500 hrs. for hammers & 3-4 months for screen decks. Application of such advanced materials (both for hammer and screen decks) resulted in increased productivity of mills (by way of reduction in frequency in downtime), maintaining coal crushing index of ~82% and eliminating over size (+25 mm) fraction of coke in the screened materials.


The utilization of ceramic wastes with pozzolanic properties along with other compounds for obtaining new materials with cementating properties is an alternative for reducing the environmental pollution. The acceptance of these new products in the market demands minimal changes in mechanical properties according to its utilization. For a variable range of compositional intervals, attempts were made to establish limiting incorporation proportions that assure the achievement of minimum pre-established mechanical strength values in the final product. In this case minimum compressive strength value is 3,000 kPa. A simultaneous association of other properties is also possible.


would presumably be sought in what the author says about the relationship between the Ngoni and their neighbours. Unfortunately Professor Read tells us little about this. She draws attention to the differences in initiation rites between the Ngoni and the Cewa neighbours, and mentions a few Cewa practices which are followed by some Ngoni, despite the disapproval of the elders; but otherwise we are left in the dark about how 'bad' their neighbours appeared to the Ngoni, and about the ways in which captors tried to convert their captives to the Ngoni way of life. We never hear what their neighbours think of the Ngoni, or what the descendants of captives think of their masters. The author does give more space to showing that the Ngoni appear to have adopted successfully the doctrines and practices of another group of neighbours, the Scottish Presbyterian missionaries, and that they enjoy the pastoral imagery of the Bible. But this book is not about race relations, and it would be unfair to


A multiple regression analysis was performed upon selected environmental variables for a series of islands in the British Isles, to establish their effects upon the size of the butterfly fauna, measured as he number of species regularly breeding, SB.

So that the data be normally distributed, the regression analyses were performed upon log10 transformed data only, with the data for outliers, mainland Britain and Ireland, the two largest islands, excluded.

Most highly correlated with the number of butterfly species breeding upon an island is the number breeding within a 25 km radius of the nearest point of the mainland, r2=0.5941, followed by the correlations with the latitude of the mid-point of the island, r2=0.5541, the number of plant species comprising the island Hora, r2=0.5225, and the distance separating the island from the mainland, r2=0.4514.

A partial correlation analysis confirms the importance of the parameters distance separating the island from the mainland, D1, and the size of the faunal source SF, and rejects the importance of the size of the flora and the latitude of the island. This is further confirmed by the results of a step-wise regression analysis, the two variables D1 and SF accounting for 66% of the variation of the butterfly fauna.

If an alternative measure of isolation, D2, which allows for the geographical clumping of islands, is combined with the variable SF, then 69% of the variation of the butterfly fauna is accounted for.


The use of narrow band illumination for automatic alignment can result in thin film interference effects that can make optical alignment difficult. Depending upon the thickness of the photoresist and the types and thicknesses of the underlying film structure, the reflectivity of the alignment marks are enhanced or decreased. This can also produce fringes of alternating light and dark areas that interfere with the system's ability to recognize the alignment marks accurately. Small changes in the thicknesses of the photoresist or the underlying films can result in large changes in the quality of the alignment marks. In the past, most efforts to overcome these problems have relied upon efforts to accurately control the thickness of the optical films, bleaching of the photoresist, or changing the wavelength of the alignment illumination. This paper describes a technique that is used to assure that good alignment mark images are obtained under a wide range of film thickness variations. This technique has been developed specifically for use with Eaton-Optimetrix wafer steppers, but the principles are applicable to other types of steppers. The technique that has been developed takes advantage of the fact that small changes in film thickness will often cause a poor optical image to become good. The alignment marks for this wafer stepper have been divided into two separate areas. Through the use of a simple technique, that does not necessarily require any additional process steps, the optical thickness and/or structures of these two areas are made to differ from each other. In most cases, at least one of the two areas will produce an alignment image of good quality. During alignment, the better of the two alignment mark areas is used by the stepper for aligning the wafer to the projected image of the reticle. This paper discusses the theory and application of the new alignment mark (Double Structured Alignment Mark). The characteristics of the alignment marks are evaluated by comparing the theoretical results with plots of actual data. Test results and photographs of the actual alignment mark images are shown to verify the effectiveness of the technique.


In this paper, we propose Lagrangian relaxation (LR)-based algorithms to optimize both circuit performance and total wirelength at the global placement stage. We introduce a general timing-driven global placement problem formulation that is applicable to three different circuit design styles: 1) synchronous circuits; 2) synchronous circuits with sequential optimization techniques; and 3) asynchronous circuits. LR is applied to handle the timing constraints of the formulated problem. Based on how the cell spreading constraints are handled, two different approaches are proposed: one approach handles the spreading constraints inside the LR framework and transforms the timing-driven placement (TDP) problem into a series of weighted wirelength minimization problems, which can be solved by directly leveraging existing wirelength-driven placers. The other approach handles the spreading constraints outside the LR framework. Thus, only timing constraints need to be taken care of in the LR framework and better solutions can be expected. In both approaches, we simplified the LR subproblem using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. Our algorithms are implemented based on a state-of-the-art wirelength-driven quadratic placer. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are able to achieve significant improvements on circuit performance compared with a commercial wirelength-driven placement flow and a commercial asynchronous TDP flow.


With the continuous development of automotive electronics, automotive sensing technology has also appeared and has been more and more widely used. As an important part of the automotive electronic control system, automotive sensors not only need to collect information, but also transmit information. The automobile sensor first needs to convert the automobile operating condition information into electrical signals and then transmit it to the central control unit, in order to make the engine reach the best working condition. In addition, automotive sensors can also perform accurate and real-time measurement and control for information such as pressure, temperature, speed, photoelectricity and flow rate, which greatly improves the effectiveness of information processing. As a factor that can affect the safe operation of a car, the quality of the car sensor plays a direct role. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe operation of automobiles, strict requirements on the accuracy, stability, responsiveness, shock resistance and service life of automobile sensors are required. The development of modern cars is moving towards a safer and more comfortable perspective and the key to achieving this goal lies in the development of sensors. At present, the development of sensors mainly depends on the development of new sensors and the integration, intelligence and multifunction of sensors. Realize the improvement of the sensor's working accuracy and response speed and the ability to adapt to different environments. Therefore, studying the application of sensors in the current automotive field is of great significance to the future development of the automotive field and the sensor field.


Who Gets Migraines? The National Headache Foundation estimates that 28 million Americans suffer from migraines. More women than men get migraines and a quarter of all women with migraines suffer four or more attacks a month; 35% experience 1-4 severe attacks a month, and 40% experience one or less than one severe attack a month. Each migraine can last from four hours to three days. Occasionally, it will last longer.


Microplastics have a constant effect on aquatic life and are constantly being researched, they have been gradually observed and analysed in marine and freshwater ecosystems, and possible effects in freshwater ecosystems are rising in importance. A literature review has been completed to outline the present state of awareness of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems in Ghana; in particular, the environmental fate, sources, effects in aquatic life and implications on their environments. Although we found that there was a dramatic increase in research and publications on these subjects, relatively few studies had examined the sources, fate and impacts of microplastics in the water bodies of Ghana and there was insufficient data on the extent of microplastics in freshwaters in Ghana. Studies in which Ghanaian waterbodies had quantified microplastics were considered of the greatest importance. We further assess current depth of knowledge of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems in which Ghanaian ecosystem-specific information was not readily available. Although this study may not be a comprehensive overview of the findings, it is assumed that this is an objective representation of the existing state of awareness about microplastics in the aquatic environment in Ghana.


The key moments of trade and economic cooperation of Russia and China as main economic partners in the short term are reflected in article.


Autism is a complex condition which affects different individuals in markedly different ways. The autism spectrum is often referred to for exactly this reason, accounting for great variation in many distinct categories of symptoms of autistic people. Understanding of this broad range in how autism can present in different individuals needs to increase because, otherwise, many individuals are at risk of remaining undiagnosed. When autism is overlooked and goes undiagnosed in females, biological inevitabilities of menses and menopause, along with the possibility of pregnancy, stand to bring greater disruption to the undiagnosed individual than to the general population of females. As such, the underdiagnosis of autism in females urgently needs attention.


The second in a new series of impact notes highlights an example of ex-past evolution of regulatory reform. While ideally one would like to build in an evolution strategy before a new policy is introduced, much can still be achieved ex-past in cases where existing data collection covers those affected by the policy.


Purpose: The authors determine those clinical variables that influence color Doppler measurements at spontaneous and artificially elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods: Color Doppler peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and Pourcelot ratio (PR) were measured in the central retinal artery (CRA) and posterior ciliary artery (PCA) at spontaneous IOP and artificially elevated IOP of 30 mmHg, 40 mmHg, and after release of suction-induced pressure elevation in 33 eyes of 33 patients. Those with varied ocular and systemic backgrounds were enrolled to facilitate determination of relationships between these hemodynamic measures at elevated IOP and multiple patient characteristics including the degree of glaucomatous damage.Results: Intraocular pressure elevation reduced velocity and increased Pourcelot ratio in both vessels at 30 mmHg and at 40 mmHg. On release of suction-induced IOP elevation, velocity increased above the velocity measured at spontaneous IOP (hyperemic response). Blood pressure consistently correlated with velocity and with PR in both vessels at all IOP levels tested. The change in velocity with IOP challenge decreased with age, and increased with vertical cup-to-disc ratio in the CRA, and decreased with ocular beta-blocker use in the PCA.Conclusion: Because blood pressure and age relate to velocity, studies comparing cohorts with respect to disease or drug effects should be matched for these variables. While it is clear that the presence of glaucoma and use of beta-blockers correlate with vascular parameters, from this study it is not possible to distinguish pathogenic factors from pathologic results of disease or drug effects.


Abstract The following annotated bibliography seeks to provide a quick research tool for people interested in understanding and, of course, improving legal scholarship in the United States. In Part I, we provide a brief introduction to the law review system. In Part II, we evaluate various articles that critique the law review system. In Part III, we examine law review articles that critique law review students themselves. In Part IV, we summarize some of the articles that recount the history of law reviews. In Part V, we compile several articles that look at citation trends for legal scholarship. In Part VI, we discuss miscellaneous articles about law reviews.


This investigation into unfermented soybeans, which were left from the soybeans used to make cheongguk-jang, was conducted to find out its availability of the application to the environmental-friendly fertilizers. The test of cultivating lettuce, using 1/5000a Wagner pot, was carried out inside the affiliated farm glasshouse, belonged to University of Chung-Nam National. The results showed that in the category of leaf length, the control and cheongguk-jang soybeans treatment plot had similar outcomes and in the category of the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybeans, it increased by about 26~33%. And in the categories of width and number of leaves it showed that the extract treatment increased by about 9~20%, in compared to the control. Finally, in the category of fresh weight, the results showed that cheongguk-jang soybean and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean effectively increased by about 9~27%, and that pig manure compost treatment plot with the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean also significantly increased by about 26%, compared to the control. Accordingly, the unfermented soybean left in the production of cheongguk-jang and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean are considerably appeared to be valuable environmental-friendly fertilizers.


The present invention relates to (10), in particular for a vehicle brake system pump manufacturing a pump having the steps of: providing a pump housing (30); pump casing (30) from the pump housing (30 eccentric hole receiving regions of the eccentric drive) is provided for (46) is constructed from a blind hole (44); starting from the eccentric opening (46) in the region of the pump cylinder (32) is inserted into the blind hole (44); and from the eccentric hole (46) in a region from the blind hole (44) is fixed in the pump cylinder (32). The present invention further comprises a pump that such a configuration.


them. Lovejoy's assertion that enslaved females were more expensive than the males due to concubinage and other domestic purposes could not have been a general or persistent phenomenon within the Caliphate. Often enslaved males were more expensive than females, especially where they supplemented war efforts or work on farm plantations: the value of enslaved male and female individuals was often determined by particular needs at given times in relation to supply. Lovejoy also seems to have been caught in the confusion of attempting to unravel the actual number of enslaved individuals shipped to the Americas vis-a-vis those involved in internal slavery in the Caliphate in the nineteenth century. However, his contention that there were as many slaves in the Sokoto Caliphate as in the United States at the outbreak of the Civil War, and that there were probably more slaves in the Caliphate than in Brazil or all of the colonies of the Caribbean, suffers from a lack of credible statistical data. Nevertheless, it brings to the fore once again the unresolved debate regarding the number of Africans involved in the transatlantic migration. In an effort to reconsider the known effect of the transatlantic slave trade on African economy and development, some scholars often get bogged down with such "confusion." In spite of these minor observations, Lovejoy's collection of essays not only makes for interesting reading, but also provides a major contribution to the literature on slavery in Africa and the transatlantic World. Adeyinka 0. Banwo University of llorin Kwara State, Nigeria


The aim of this study was to establish and compare reference intervals of some haematological and electrophoretic parameters at different ages (1–2, 3–4 and over 5 years) in two Italian goat breeds: Aspromontana and Girgentana. A total of 90 female Aspromontana goats and 95 female Girgentana goats, ranging from 1 to 11 years of age, clinically healthy, were used. Blood samples were collected from each animal and analysed for haematological parameters and serum proteins profile with routine methods. Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of age on white blood cell (WBC, P < 0.0001) in Aspromontana goats and on haematocrit (Hct, P < 0.009) in Girgentana goats. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of age on concentrations of total protein (P < 0.05), albumin (P < 0.01) and on the albumin: globulins (A/G) ratio (P < 0.05) in Aspromontana goats. In Girgentana goats, statistical analysis showed a significant effect of age on concentrations of total protein (P < 0.01), albumin (P < 0.01) α-globulins (P < 0.05), γ-globulins (P < 0.01) and on the A/G ratio (P < 0.01). Age-related effects were not detected in β1-globulins and β2-globulins fractions in booth breed. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of breed in the following haematological and electrophoretic parameters: WBC (P < 0.005), Hct (P < 0.0001), mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.0001), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (P < 0.01), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations (P < 0.0001), concentrations of total protein (P < 0.03), α-globulins (P < 0.001), β1-globulins (P < 0.05), β2-globulins (P < 0.01) fractions and on the A/G ratio (P < 0.05).


In the first two articles in this series, you learned about the business user experience in Web 2.0 dashboards, iterative development, simplified installation and administration, and improvements to the IBM® WebSphere® Business Monitor V6.1 Installer. This article, Part 3 in the series, demonstrates how much easier iterative testing and developing is within the Eclipse environments, IBM WebSphere Integration Developer V6.1, and IBM Rational® Application Developer V18.104.22.168.


Abstract : This monograph examines two insurgencies conducted by the Jews in ancient times: the Maccabee Revolt against the Seleucid Empire from 166-164 BC, and the Revolt against the Roman Empire from 66-70 AD. The monograph proposes that all insurgencies have a nature, and the nature of an insurgency is as critical to understanding it today as it was 2,000 years ago. Ancient Jewish history provides excellent case studies of successful and failed insurgencies. The Jewish revolt against the Seleucid Empire (Maccabee Revolt) was a successful insurgency that gained the free practice of religion for the Jewish people and, ultimately, an independent Jewish State. This independence lasted for 100 years until 63 BC, when Palestine was annexed by the Roman Empire. Subsequently, the Jewish people again revolted in 66 AD against Roman rule, but the result of the insurgency was a failure that was catastrophic for the Jewish people and their prospects for an independent Jewish state. The monograph concludes that the differences in the nature of the two insurgencies defined why one succeeded and the other failed. Upon initial examination both insurgencies appear to have had similar characteristics (i.e., religious persecution, desire for an independent state, fear of lost cultural identity), but subtle differences in their nature distinguish them. The examination of the Jewish insurgencies in ancient times is relevant to the U.S. military today as it faces insurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan that are fueled by strong religious ideologies. The concept of "nature" is still a valuable tool for military planners in the counterinsurgency environment.


Obesity is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, altered cholesterol metabolism, and survival in later life.1 Not surprisingly, it is also a central poor player in the story of vascular risk factors and late-life dementia. Investigations of associations between obesity at earlier life time points and dementia2–5 have found that persons with obesity are more likely to develop dementia by the time of follow-up. In contrast, a number of studies that have examined weight or body mass index (BMI) in the decade or so before the onset of dementia have found that low body weight or low BMI is associated with incident dementia.6–12 The study by Dahl et al. in this issue of the Journal reports similar observations but goes one step farther. Dahl et al. find that obesity appearing within 10 years of dementia onset is not a risk factor but is, in fact, protective. This finding held for women, and there was a trend for the same in men. It seems likely that the difference between men and women may simply be because the smaller number of men with incident dementia yielded less power to detect an association. The main result of Dahl et al. probably holds for men and women and is entirely consistent with the story relating low body weight in later life and dementia, although it is in conflict with the studies that considered obesity in midlife to be a risk factor.

How can a condition go from being a risk factor to a protective factor? If obesity is the result of poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, and other unhealthy lifestyle choices, it should be a risk factor regardless of age. The fact that obesity appears to switch direction of risk may seem puzzling, but there probably are some good explanations.

One hypothesis is that obesity itself is not the true causal carrier of risk but rather is associated with something else that is, such as unhealthy lifestyle, other dysfunctional health behaviors, or diseases (such as diabetes mellitus or altered glucose-insulin regulation). Because obesity occurs with higher frequency in people who also have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and poor lifestyle choices, it is difficult to isolate obesity as a risk factor. Even when diabetes mellitus and hypertension are controlled in analytical models, the definitions of diabetes mellitus and hypertension may include benign and malignant forms of those disorders and therefore not account correctly for the variance associated with the true causal metabolic or vascular disorders. Recent studies have documented a metabolically benign form of obesity,13 and there are variations in associations between obesity and diabetes. In the Dahl et al. study, only 11.9% of the obese subjects had diabetes mellitus (A. Dahl, personal communication). In contrast, in the Kaiser study, in which midlife obesity was a risk factor, 59% of the obese subjects also had diabetes mellitus.4 The lower rates of diabetes mellitus in the Dahl et al. study than in the Kaiser study could contribute to the difference in associations between obesity and dementia. Furthermore, there could be an interaction with age. Obesity in late life might not have the same associations with vasculopathic processes as it does in middle-aged persons. Another aspect of obesity's relationship to risk is that simple measurements of weight or BMI may be inferior measures of adiposity. Abdominal girth may be better as a genuine indicator of pathology.4 For all of these reasons, obesity may have a variable relationship to dementia.

A second possibility to account for obesity as protective in late life is that obesity is associated with excess mortality in midlife, culling out those at risk for heart disease and stroke. Selective mortality may operate mainly through obesity's associations with more-malignant conditions such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and hypertension, consistent with the first hypothesis. Through succumbing to related diseases (e.g., heart disease) or producing dementia earlier, obesity in late life identifies survivors who possess other traits that are especially protective, the so-called hardy survivor effect. Nevertheless, in the Dahl et al. study, it was underweight, not obesity, that characterized the 419 (35%) study subjects who died between the first and second study visits. So if obesity was a risk for mortality earlier in life, it had ceased to be observable in this elderly sample (mean age 70.8 at baseline).

A third perspective is the empirical fact that obesity is one end of a bidirectional spectrum of adiposity. The constructs of weight and BMI have a U-shaped risk profile that includes risk at the underweight and overweight ends of its distribution. The reasons for the risks differ between the two ends of the weight spectrum, and conditions that affect weight vary with age. Weight status may be a risk factor and a manifestation of disease. Obesity may be a true risk factor for dementia and mortality when appearing in midlife. In later life, underweight may be a manifestation of an underlying brain disease or a systemic disease. In younger persons in whom chronic diseases are less common, the morbidity associated with being underweight may be underrepresented compared with an elderly cohort. Therefore, the balance between risks for being underweight versus overweight favor overweight as a risk factor in younger persons, whereas in elderly people, such as in the Dahl et al. study and others, conditions—neurological and systemic—associated with underweight predominate as risk factors for incipient dementia.

This is not the first study that showed how a putative risk factor was found to be protective in very elderly people. A study of metabolic syndrome in persons aged 85 and older found that it was associated with lower rates of dementia.14 Those authors raised similar concerns about the importance of comorbidity and selective survival. Although midlife hypertension is considered to be a risk factor for cognitive decline,5,15 in late life, hypotension may also be a risk factor.16,17 Cholesterol may also reverse its associations with dementia from midlife to later life.18

One thing is clear. Obesity by itself is not a simple risk factor for dementia. Most importantly, the construct of weight status is bidirectional. Obesity is more than just pounds on a scale; metrics of adiposity should reflect association with risk or protection. The company that obesity keeps—namely diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as healthfulness of lifestyle—also should be considered. Finally, the association between obesity and lower risk for dementia should not be construed as a recommendation for obesity in late life. The behaviors and biology that promote loss of weight are the pathological processes of importance in late life, and overeating will not reverse those.


According to the principle of the horizontal cylinder desolventizer (HCD) with indirectheating surfaces of inside and outside surfaces, a mass transfer unit modeling was proposed. The modeling contained a number of parameters, describing the behavior of the marc desolventization during the fallingrate periods in the HCD desolventizer, such as the movingrates of the solid and the vapor phases, the equilibrium relationship and mass transfer rate between the two phases, the void fraction of the solid phase within the HCD desolventizer. The modeling could be applied to the correlation of parameters in a marc desolventizing experiment, the design and selection of an industrialscale HCD desolventizer and the control of a HCD desolventizer in operation.


Cellulose was an extremely abundant,cheap and renewable resource. The cellulose was wasted seriously for that the exploitation and utilization of cellulose,which was at a very low level. As a high activity biocatalyst to degrade cellulose,the research and application of cellulase was focused on more and more by researchers both at home and abroad. Latest researches in application of cellulase were focused on. Influence factors of enzyme activity and the developing direction of cellulose were also mentioned to be the reference for the further research.


The DNA cytosine deaminases APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3H Haplotype I can induce mutations in cells that lead to cancer evolution. The database of cancer biomarkers in DNA repair genes (DNArCdb) identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs139298) of APOBEC3H Haplotype I that is involved in lung cancer1. Here, we show that this single nucleotide polymorphism causes the destabilization of APOBEC3H Haplotype I. Computational analysis suggests that the resulting K121E change affects the structure of APOBEC3H leading to active site disruption and destabilization of the RNA-mediated dimer interface. A K117E mutation in a K121E background stabilized the APOBEC3H Haplotype I, enabled biochemical study, and showed that the K121E affected catalytic activity, single-stranded DNA binding, and oligomerization on single-stranded DNA. That the destabilization of a DNA mutator would be associated with lung cancer suggests that too much mutation could result in immune recognition or death of tumor cells, suggesting that multiple APOBEC3s would not be expressed in the same tumor cells. In support of this hypothesis, stably expressed APOBEC3H Haplotype I caused a high amount of double-stranded DNA breaks in a lung cancer cell line that endogenously expressed APOBEC3B. Altogether, the data support the model that high APOBEC3 mutations in tumors are protective.


"The Lost Children of Neverland (Considerations about J. M. Barrie, Peter Pan and... Michael Jackson). This paper proposes a journey into the childhood and youth of J. M. Barrie (the death of an older brother, the relationship with his grieving mother, his unusual marriage), trying to discover the psychoanalitical events that led to the birth of Peter Pan, as well as the true dimensions of his phantasy universe. And nonetheless the surprising influence that this universe had over such an unusual character called Michael Jackson.

Keywords: Peter Pan, psychosis, fantasy, children, Michael Jackson.
"


Objective
To find a indicator in urine to assist diagnosis of cerebral infarction, we investigated the changes of urine ferritin in patients with cerebral infarction.

Methods
Collected serum from 30 healthy volunteers and 53 patients with cerebral infarction(CI), with ratio of males to females 19∶11 vs. 30∶23, and average age was (56±11) vs. (63±11) respectively.Collected urine from 39 healthy volunteers and 33 patients with CI, with ratio of males to females 25∶14 vs. 20∶13, and average age was (57±10) vs. (64±11) respectively.Ferritin concentration in all samples was detected with the chemical luminescence method, and the urine ferritin/urine cretinin (uFer/uCr) ratio was calculated.Differences of serum ferritin and uFer/uCr between healthy volunteers and CI patients were analyzed with the statistical software under Wilcoxon test.Urinary proteins were extracted with absolute ethanol.The extracted ferritin was displayed with Western blot for light chains and heavy chains to investigate the difference between healthy volunteers and CI patients.

Results
uFer/uCr was higher than that from healthy volunteers(U=292.00,P<0.05), and the median was (14.86 vs. 6.22) μg/g.Moreover, after extraction of urinary proteins with alcohol, both light chains and heavy chains of ferritin in urine from CI patients were much more obvious than that from healthy volunteers.

Conclusion
The uFer/uCr ratio could provide a new proof to assist the diagnosis of cerebral infarction.(Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:1146-1149)

Key words:
Brain infarction; Urinalysis; Ferritins


Mental disturbances are not an uncommon complication of therapy with various corticosteroids and ACTH.1,2 We have found that ascorbic acid relieves the depression syndrome associated with ACTH in one patient being treated for chronic hepatitis.
 A 5-year-old girl was admitted to the Clinic because of HB8Ag-positive chronic hepatitis. Since a liver biopsy revealed an active process, she underwent prolonged long-acting synthetic ACTH therapy given in different courses. On the first week of treatment the patient appeared "depressed" and less sociable to the ward nurses.


The main aspects refer to metals and refractory materials behaviour, at high temperature, to materials purifying and to achieve some chemical syntheses. The main technological parameter of the heating is temperature, heating obtained by focusing Sun's rays. The heating can be used inside the furnace to produce metallic material into a crucible, without any complementary power source. For the future, a bigger interest presents some other metals melting, more expensive than steel, such as titanium, zirconium and molybdenum. In this case it must be ensured an inert atmosphere and thereby it must be taken into account the complications and expenses related to these.


One hundred seventy-seven patients with gastric cancer were randomly sampled and surveyed with Chinese version of EORTCQLQ-C30 and QLQ-STO22.We prescribed their quality of life and its influencing factors.The results showed that the general score of quality of life was 73.72±14.31.The influencing factors included sex,medical cost,and education level.


Dendrimers are a group of highly ordered, three-dimensional, treelike functional polymers. Dendrimers are monodisperse macromolecules and they have well-defined structure,controlled surface functionality and size.Dendrimer size increases linearly and the number of surface functional groups increases exponentially with generation number. So functionalization of dendrimers attracts scientists' interest. And the using of them as drug carriers is one of the focuses of current research. In this review we just summarize their uses in drug research field.


Ideological and political theory,moral education is the main channel of university students. Highlight the use of topic group from the theory of teaching "Three Approaches" ,while the principle of the establishment of the college students and behavior evaluation system of moral practice restraint mechanism,strive to improve their theoretical classroom teaching effectiveness,to achieve increased effectiveness of university students the purpose of moral education. This not only made up for deficiencies in the past Moral evaluation mechanism but also strengthens their moral values and sense of self-restraint.


The synthesis of a large thinned array is unapproachable by using traditional method. Thus, global search algorithms are excellent in designing specific characteristics. In order to improve the side lobe performance of thinned array, immune algorithm (IA) is applied to array synthesis by optimizing array position in this paper. Examples with different thinning percentages have been proposed and optimized to demonstrate the functionality of this technique, and commendable results are achieved.


The Michaelis constants (Km), maximum velocity (Vmax), and temperature dependence of myofibrillar Ca2+-and Mg2+-ATPase were examined using fishes in the sea around Sakishima Islands inhabiting at 28°C and in the Yellow Sea inhabiting at 9°C. The Km values of myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase were lower with fishes from Yellow Sea than with fishes from Sakishima Islands, while Km values of myofibrillar Mg2+-ATPase did not differ between fishes from Yellow Sea and Sakishima Islands, The Vmax levels of myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase did not differ between fishes from Yellow Sea and Sakishima Islands, but those of myofibrillar Mg2+-ATPase were higher in fishes from Yellow Sea than in fishes from Sakishima Islands at reaction temperatures of 10°C and 30°C. Temperature dependency of myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase activity in a saturated substrate concentration was not different between fishes from Yellow Sea and Sakishima Islands, but that of myofibrillar Mg2+-ATPase activity was smaller with fishes from Yellow Sea than with fishes from Sakishima Islands. The differences in Mg2+-ATPase with varying habitat temperature indicate the existence of an efficient mechanism for locomotory activity in fishes living in lower habitat temperatures.


The application of prestressed anchor technology in strengthening the slope of creep deformation aggregate in the left bank of Xiaowan Hydropower Station in Yunan province is stated.The technological key is introduced and some suggestion is proposed in this paper.


In the current scenario of Corona-19 pandemic, absolute awareness among all health – care workers is necessary. History taking and analyzing the symptoms obviously remains the cornerstone for the detection of COVID-19. However,physician must suspect COVID-19 in patients presenting with the chief complaint of gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain,diarrhea, and vomiting with or without respiratory complaints. This case series conveys an important message about changing our approach in the initial assessment and management of patients with acute abdominal pain or acute on chronic abdominal pain.


Given a generalized Finsler space M the manifold V(M) ~ T (M) — 0 of all tangent directions on M admits a naturally induced pseudo-Riemannian structure. Also, there is a linear connection on V(M) corresponding to the Miron connection [ 3 ] of M; in terms of the associated exponential formalism on. V(M) the following geometric interpretation of the vertical sectional curvature s occurs: i f p is a Finslerian 2-plane on M then s(p) approximates the difference between the length of a circumference centred at the origin in p and the length of its exponential projection on V(M).


The states of a boson pair in a one-dimensional double-well potential are investigated. Properties of the ground and lowest excited states of this system are studied, including the two-particle wave function, momentum pair distribution, and entanglement. The effects of varying both the barrier height and the effective interaction strength are investigated.


In this paper, we investigate the impulsive fractional q-difference equation with antiperiodic conditions. The existence and uniqueness results of solutions are established via the theorem of nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type and the Banach contraction mapping principle. Two examples are given to illustrate our results.


Habitat modification and biological invasions are key drivers of global environmental change. However, the extent and impact of exotic plant invasions in modified tropical landscapes remain poorly understood. We examined whether logging drives exotic plant invasions and whether their combined influences alter understory plant community composition in lowland rain forests in Borneo. We tested the relationship between understory communities and local‐ and landscape‐scale logging intensity, using leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground biomass (AGB) data from 192 plots across a logging‐intensity gradient from primary to repeatedly logged forests. Overall, we found relatively low levels of exotic plant invasions, despite an intensive logging history. Exotic species were more speciose, had greater cover, and more biomass in sites with more local‐scale canopy loss. Surprisingly, though, exotic species invasion was not related to either landscape‐scale canopy loss or road configuration. Moreover, logging and invasion did not seem to be acting synergistically on native plant composition, except that seedlings of the canopy‐dominant Dipterocarpaceae family were less abundant in areas with higher exotic plant biomass. Current low levels of invasion, and limited association with native understory community change, suggest there is a window of opportunity to manage invasive impacts. We caution about potential lag effects and the possibly severe negative impacts of exotic plant invasions on the long‐term quality of tropical forest, particularly where agricultural plantations function as permanent seed sources for recurrent dispersal along logging roads. We therefore urge prioritization of strategic management plans to counter the growing threat of exotic plant invasions in modified tropical landscapes.


Pellino has been identified as a dimerization partner of the Drosophila protein Pelle, a Ser-Thr kinase that is involved in the Toll receptor signaling pathway (Grosshans et al., 1999). The signal transmitted by Toll receptor and Pelle kinase acts on the Dorsal/Cactus complex and determines the dorsoventral axis of the Drosophila embryo, as inferred from the phenotypes caused by mutations in the respective genes, as well as pathogen resistance in the adult (Karin and Hunter, 1995). However, no mutations are known in the Pellino gene. Three mammalian orthologs of Pelle (IRAK-1, Cao et al., 1996; IRAK-2, Muzio et al., 1997; IRAK-M, Wesche et al., 1999) have been identified and several Toll-like receptors (TLR) are known in humans, which are associated with innate immune response (Medzhitov et al., 1997). So far Pellino homologues have been identified in Caenorhabditis elegans (Rich et al., 2000) and the urochordate Ciona intestinalis, in which expression was found in the notochord (Hotta et al., 2000). In the course of the positional cloning of the neurological mutation wobbler of the mouse (Resch et al., 1998) we found an EST homologous to the Drosophila gene coding for Pellino. We therefore isolated cDNAs and characterized the genes of Pellino homologues in man and mouse. Materials and methods


"It is morally wrong for affluent people not to help the chronically poor." Many people read this remark in a way that allows them to agree with it, while believing that they're not personally doing anything wrong perhaps even that no individual is. They read it as maintaining that we are collectively acting wrongly. But on a second reading, it issues a direct personal challenge: It is wrong for affluent individuals not to help the world's poor, in failing to contribute their own time and money to voluntary international aid agencies. In this essay, I discuss the most prominent argument for this personal challenge.


Is there really much of a difference in how mutual fund managers determine which stocks to include in their portfolios?


A fast and stable numerical method for solving the model equations of distributed fibre Raman amplifiers is proposed. This method can increase the computing speed by more than five times compared to the classical Dormand?Prince method. In this paper, on the basis of the proposed method and genetic algorithm, the signal gain spectrum and corresponding optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for counter-?and bi-directional multi-pump Raman amplifiers are optimized and compared. The optimized results show that (1)?bi-directionally pumping configurations with proper forward pump diodes can effectively decrease the gain ripple and the OSNR ripple and equalize the OSNR tilt in comparison with pure backward pumping configurations; (2)?the gain spectrum and noise performance can be availably improved by means of increasing the pump number. The simulations demonstrate that, when optimizing bi-directional multi-pump configurations, (1)?there are multiple global or near-global maxima for the signal gain spectrum; (2)?different bi-directional pump schemes have different gain ripple and noise performance.


Objective\ To study the serum atrial natriuretic factor(ANF) level in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.\ Methods\ The serum ANF were measured in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism by radio\|immunol assay(RIA).\ Results\ The serum ANF level was higher in hyperthyroidism and lower in hypothyroidism than controls before treatment(P0 01).\ But the serum ANF level all returned to normal after treatment(P0 05).\ Patients with heart disease in hyperthyroidism had higher level of ANF compared with hyperthyroidism without heart disease(P0.01).\ There was positive relationship between ANF and free T\-3.\ Conclusion\ The ANF level can reflect the severity and therapeutic effects of thyroidism disease.\;


This study presents a new approach of localization for an elastic periodic cutting tool holder of milling machine. The paper presents a study of the factorial design application to optimize surface quality in end milling operation. Maintaining good surface quality usually involves additional manufacturing cost or loss of productivity. Therefore, mathematical model using Matlab which is feasible and applicable in prediction of surface roughness is developed. Proper setting of cutting parameter is important to obtain better surface roughness. Spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut have been chosen as predictors in order to predict surface roughness. 16 samples were run by using Emco CNC Milling machine tool. The predicted surface roughness has been obtained by using average percentage error method. A numerical model that describes the structure of the periodic holder is developed. The approximate values of periodic holder model versus to straight are plotted. The results from this research are useful to be implemented in industry to reduce time and cost in surface roughness (response) prediction.


The Keles region is the natural boundary between the nomadic pastoral peoples and the sedentary agricultural peoples of Central Asia. Because in this region, the ancient peoples were sedentary along the full-flowing rivers Kurkeles, Keles, Shyrshyk and Angren, which flow into the Syr Darya River, and the peoples of the north of this region were engaged in nomadic cattle breeding. The past of the region is little studied to this day. For these reasons, a group of Kazakh- Turkish archaeologists intend to jointly explore the Myntobe burial ground, take up the history of its study and systematically introduce it into scientific circulation. During the research work, within the framework of this topic, the identity and area of distribution of the Zhetiasar, Otyrar-Karatau, and Kaunshy cultures of the Kangli tribes that lived in the region are determined. It also provides important information about the archaeological research conducted at the Myntobe burial ground. The chronology of the necropolis burial grounds is determined by a comparative analysis of the exhibits obtained as a result of archaeological excavations. This article is based on the research project of the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after Khoja Ahmed Yasawi on the topic "Excavations of the Myntobe necropolis", funded by the Plenipotentiary Council.


The invention discloses a power bus structure used for a multi-power supply chip, which comprises a group of global power supply bus and a plurality of power supply groups. The global power bus penetrates through the whole chip and is electrically connected with each power supply group, wherein at least one of two adjacent power supply groups has a local power bus, each power supply group is provided with a plurality of power supply units, at least one power supply unit is provided with an electrostatic discharge device used for separating a high-potential local power supply bus from a low-potential global power supply bus, and at least another power supply unit is provided with an electrostatic discharge device used for separating a low-potential local power supply bus from a high-potential global power supply bus. Under the condition that the chip has more power supply groups, the power bus structure can reduce the area of the chip.


This paper aims to reveal quality assurance in the development of human resources quality at the Center of Ma'had al-Jami'ah, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State University of Malang, with sub-focus covering: (1) the concept of quality standards (2) The process of implementing quality assurance conducted at the Center of Ma'had al-Jami'ah. This study used qualitative approach. Data collection is done by in-depth interviewing techniques participatory observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, checking the validity of the findings carried out by extension of participation, source triangulation techniques, theories, and methods; and perseverance of the observer. The results showed that: 1) Quality standards were divided into three parts, namely standard input in the Center of Ma'had al-Jami'ah management, standard process in the Center of Ma'had al-Jami'ah management, and standard output in the Center of Ma'had al-Jami'ah management, 2) The process of implementing human resource quality standards is created by the establishment of Ma'had Ali, development programs consisting of Murobbi/ah resource development, Musyrif/ah resource development and talent interest development programs at the Center of Ma'had al-Jami'ah.


Though the declarative semantics of both explicit and nonmonotonic negation in logic programs has been studied extensively, relatively little work has been done on computation and implementation of these semantics. In this paper, we study three different approaches to computing stable models of logic programs based on mixed integer linear programming methods for automated deduction introduced by R. Jeroslow. We subsequently discuss the relative efficiency of these algorithms. The results of experiments with a prototype compiler implemented by us tend to confirm our theoretical discussion. In contrast to resolution, the mixed integer programming methodology is both fully declarative and handles reuse of old computations gracefully.
We also introduce, compare, implement, and experiment with linear constraints corresponding to four semantics for "explicit" negation in logic programs: the four-valued annotated semantics [Blair and Subrahmanian 1989], the Gelfond-Lifschitz semantics [1990], the over-determined models [Grant and Subrahmanian 1989], the Gelfond-Lifschitz semantics [1990], the over-determined models [Grant and Subrahmanian 1990], and the classical logic semantics. Gelfond and Lifschitz[1990] argue for simultaneous use of two modes of negation in logic programs, "classical" and "nonmonotonic," so we give algorithms for computing "answer sets" for such logic programs too.


Plasma-based techniques offer many unique possibilities for the synthesis of various nanostructures both on the surface and in the plasma bulk. In contrast to the conventional chemical vapor deposition and some other techniques, plasma-based processes ensure high level of controllability, good quality of the produced nanomaterials, and reduced environmental risk. In this work, the authors briefly review the unique features of the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition approaches, namely, the techniques based on inductively coupled, microwave, and arc discharges. Specifically, the authors consider the plasmas with the ion/electron density ranging from 10^10 to 10^14 cm−3, electron energy in the discharge up to ∼10 eV, and the operating pressure ranging from 1 to 10^4 Pa (up to 105 Pa for the atmospheric-pressure arc discharges). The operating frequencies of the discharges considered range from 460 kHz for the inductively coupled plasmas, and up to 2.45 GHz for the microwave plasmas. The features of the direct-current arc discharges are also examined. The authors also discuss the principles of operation of these systems, as well as the effects of the key plasma parameters on the conditions of nucleation and growth of the carbon nanostructures, mainly carbon nanotubes and graphene. Advantages and disadvantages of these plasma systems are considered. Future trends in the development of these plasma-based systems are also discussed.


The present work has a multidisciplinary character and finds its justification before the challenges faced by the contemporary world educational institutions; it is part of a more extensive research, which main objective is to diachronically study the formation of words in Portuguese, with emphasis in the process of suffixation. This work is directed to the diachronic morphological study of the suffix – MENTO, more specifically in the formation of words, by means of the derivational process of suffixing; we will observe the Portuguese words formed by the derivational suffix –MENTO (from the Latin, –MEN, –MENTUM). Our objective is to observe the deverbal nouns formed by a verb connected to the suffix –MENTO, and its meanings, so we can state the hypothesis that they all origin from an action, formed by the model verb + suffix –MENTO. Moreover, we will also research the semantic meanings of this suffix, in order to present some paraphrastic formations that denote a meaning in the suffix morpheme, and not in the base of the word. In order to search diachronically we adopted as corpus the "Dicionario Houaiss da Lingua Portuguesa" in two versions: as published and in its digital archive. We have also used the "Corpus do Portugues" and the "Cantigas de Santa Maria" as corpora to add and alter the datings of the adopted dictionary, and furthermore, to include words that do not figure in it. The area of application of this work is higher education by means of study of grammatical change and the social history of Portuguese, with the simultaneous organization of an analysis corpus. KEY-WORDS Portuguese Language; Morphology; Historical Linguistic; Derivation; Semantics; Portuguese Philology; Romanic Philology, Lexicography.


The controlled-SWAP and controlled-controlled-NOT gates are at the heart of the original proposal of reversible classical computation by Fredkin and Toffoli. Their widespread use in quantum computation, both in the implementation of classical logic subroutines of quantum algorithms and in quantum schemes with no direct classical counterparts, has made it imperative early on to pursue their efficient decomposition in terms of the lower-level gate sets native to different physical platforms. Here, we add to this body of literature by providing several logically equivalent circuits for the Toffoli and Fredkin gates under all-to-all and linear qubit connectivity, the latter with two different routings for control and target qubits. Besides achieving the lowest CNOT counts in the literature for all these configurations, we also demonstrate the remarkable effectiveness of the obtained decompositions at mitigating coherent errors on near-term quantum computers via equivalent circuit averaging. We first quantify the performance of the method in silico with a coherent-noise model before validating it experimentally on a superconducting quantum processor. In addition, we consider the case where the three qubits on which the Toffoli or Fredkin gates act nontrivially are not adjacent, proposing a novel scheme to reorder them that saves one CNOT for every SWAP. This scheme also finds use in the shallow implementation of long-range CNOTs. Our results highlight the importance of considering different entanglement structures and connectivity constraints when designing efficient quantum circuits.


The study examines the effect of cash flow on performance of companies in Food and Beverages sub-sector of Nigeria. The study involved a survey of Six companies of Food and Beverages companies quoted in the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Data were obtained from the Annual reports and accounts of the selected companies under study. The relevant data were analyzed using the multiple regression technique. The results of the study revealed that operating and financing cash flows have significant positive effect on corporate performance in the Food and Beverages Sector in Nigeria. It was also observed that investing cash flow has significant negative relationship with corporate performance. The researchers recommended that regulatory authority should encourage external auditors of these quoted Food and Beverages Companies to use cash flow ratios in evaluating the performance of a company before forming an independent opinion on the financial statement. This will give detailed information on the company to enable investors make rational investment decisions.


The aim of the present work was to characterize, via RAPD markers, the genetic variability of 23 sweet cassava accessions conserved in the Cerrado Cassava Regional Germoplasm Bank (";;Banco Regional de Germoplasma de Mandioca do Cerrado";;-BGMC). The analyzed accessions were two varieties recommended for cultivation within the Cerrado Region, BGMC 982 and BGMC 753, and 21 landraces selected for presenting low contents of HCN in the roots (lower than 100 ppm) and for adaptation to the Brazil Central Cerrado conditions. Under laboratorial conditions, the accessions were evaluated by using 11 RAPD primers, the matrix of similarity among the accessions being estimated afterwards, by using the Jaccard index. The primers generated 120 RAPD markers, among which 60% were polymorphic. Among the studied accessions, solely the group ";;Taquara Amarela";; (BGMC 1289, BGMC 1290, BGMC 1291 and BGMC 1292) displayed high genetic similarity. The other accessions did not present tendency of grouping in hierarchic manner, i.e. in clusters that display similarity within the groups and divergence among groups. Neither any tendency of grouping of accessions in function of origin place/accession collection was observed. The study revealed the efficiency RAPD markers in the determination of genetic variability among sweet cassava accessions and that within the group of evaluated accessions there is high genetic variability which may be used in genetic breeding.


The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sleep state on the Hering‐Breuer inflation reflex in the preterm infant. Seventeen nonintubated, premature infants, ranging in birth weight from 980–2,440 g with postconceptual ages of 30–36 weeks, were studied. In each infant, pulmonary function testing, including the Hering‐Breuer inflation reflex, was obtained using the SensorMedics 2600 during active and quiet sleep states in supine position. The strength of the Hering‐Breuer inflation reflex was quantified by the measurement of the percent prolongation of expiration after an occluded breath. Sleep states were categorized by the criteria of Prechtl. There was a significant difference in Hering‐Breuer activity in active (REM) vs. quiet (non‐REM) sleep, with a consistently stronger reflex in the active sleep state. The mean percent prolongation of expiration was 419% in active sleep vs. 87% in quiet sleep. Analysis of the data, using a paired t‐test, revealed a mean difference of 331 ± 185% between active and quiet sleep (P = 0.000). In conclusion, significant differences in the strength of the Hering‐Breuer inflation reflex occur in relation to sleep state, and may explain the variability of the reflex described in previous studies. Measurement of the Hering‐Breuer inflation reflex may be affected by pulmonary stretch receptors as well as chest wall afferents in the preterm infant. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:61–64. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Risk and risk behavior form an important segment of the entrepreneurship literature. Entrepreneurial risk behavior has been studied with both trait and cognitive approaches, but the findings do not adequately explain either how entrepreneurs differ from non-entrepreneurs, or how different types of entrepreneurs can be specified in terms of their risk behavior. This paper is an attempt to address these issues by introducing two temporal attributes that we consider significant for understanding risk behavior, given that risk is inherently embedded in time. First, we suggest the notion of risk horizon, differentiating short-range risk from long-range risk. Second, we examine the risk behavior of entrepreneurs in terms of their individual future orientation, in tandem with their risk propensity. We propose a temporal framework that seeks to explain, at once, the different types of risk behavior among entrepreneurs as well as the distinction between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. The framework is also applied to networking and alliancing activities of entrepreneurs. Finally, a number of propositions are developed to facilitate empirical testing of the insights implicit in the temporal framework of entrepreneurial risk behavior.


We present a terahertz time-domain imaging modality based on a terahertz focal-plane array. The imaging system has more than a 60-dB signal-to-noise ratio and can resolve terahertz images up to 2.5 THz.


Introduction: A ranula is a pseudocystic collection of mucin extravasated from the sublingual and/or submandibular glands in the floor of the mouth. These intraoral mucoceles may be generated by intraoral activity such as eating, dental instrumentation, or from external blunt trauma. We present a case of a pediatric patient with a recurrent plunging ranula, involving both the sublingual and submandibular glands, who underwent transoral sublingual gland excision and ranula drainage. Case Report: A previously healthy 16-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a one-month history of a growing mass under the left side of …


BIRD (1953) has suggested that the agglutination reactions of a wide variety of seed agglutinins might serve to distinguish the erythrocytes of various species. In preliminary experiments, using the tile method, he observed that with agglutinins extracted from the seeds of four botanical species some differentiation of various erythrocytes was possible. The seeds used were Ricinus communis, Dolichos lablab, Vicia faba and Phaseolus lunatus. The agglutination reactions of these seeds were such that the erythrocytes of sheep and goats, for example, gave a combination of reactions different from those of chickens and pigeons and the various species could be arranged into groups as under: Guinea-pig, rabbit, and man (group 0). Dog, horse, buffalo, cow, goat and sheep. Pigeon and chicken. Man (group A). The investigation did not take into consideration the possibility that individual differences might exist among the erythrocytes of the various species or among different strains of the various seeds. It was also considered that a more refined technique might detect minor differences in reactivity. In the present work these possibilities were examined:


Steady state voltage rise problem resulting from the integration of DGs at lower voltage levels can be a major impediment to the growth of distributed generation capacity. With the steady implementation of the smart grid technologies throughout the existing distribution networks, the online voltage control can be achieved. The voltage profile has to be estimated first along the distribution networks for the online voltage control. In this article, a technique to estimate the voltage profile of a radial distribution network with multiple DG systems having different line section impedances with/without laterals is presented. The presented technique is based on estimation of voltages by remote terminal units (RTUs) placed at each DG and at each line capacitor. The presented technique tested on two radial rural distribution systems with/without laterals. Comparative results for different methodologies in estimating the voltage profile are presented. The simulated results using the above method are presented in this paper, considering the multiple DG systems with/without laterals. The reported results show that the method presented is capable of estimating the voltage profile along the distribution network with DGs for online voltage control.


In this paper we elaborate on democracy, human rights and freedoms within the framework of the international community. First, are the links polititičkog system and democracy, that they would then present models of democracy and the relationship of the political system and human rights. The importance of democracy and human rights and freedoms in Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the other hand is suponira thesis on human rights as a subject of international concern and that are outside the jurisdiction of the inner state. The point is that the international community is interested in the protection of human rights, which is why every activity of the state which, in greater or lesser degree, in violation of human rights, can lead to adequate "response" of the international community that, in ultima linea, can be the use of armed force.


Time Temperature Indicator (TTI) is one kind of device to monitor and record the temperature history in the cold chain. It can also indicate the shelf-life of foods, and help to make a reasonable distribution of such goods. In this paper, the research purport, developing processing and sort of TTI were introduced. Furthermore, the research actuality was proposed, and the foreground of TTI was also discussed.


We propose a framework to study the effect of local recovery requirements of codeword symbols on the dimension of linear codes, based on a combinatorial proxy that we call \emph{visible rank}. The locality constraints of a linear code are stipulated by a matrix $H$ of $\star$'s and $0$'s (which we call a"stencil"), whose rows correspond to the local parity checks (with the $\star$'s indicating the support of the check). The visible rank of $H$ is the largest $r$ for which there is a $r \times r$ submatrix in $H$ with a unique generalized diagonal of $\star$'s. The visible rank yields a field-independent combinatorial lower bound on the rank of $H$ and thus the co-dimension of the code. We prove a rank-nullity type theorem relating visible rank to the rank of an associated construct called \emph{symmetric spanoid}, which was introduced by Dvir, Gopi, Gu, and Wigderson~\cite{DGGW20}. Using this connection and a construction of appropriate stencils, we answer a question posed in \cite{DGGW20} and demonstrate that symmetric spanoid rank cannot improve the currently best known $\widetilde{O}(n^{(q-2)/(q-1)})$ upper bound on the dimension of $q$-query locally correctable codes (LCCs) of length $n$. We also study the $t$-Disjoint Repair Group Property ($t$-DRGP) of codes where each codeword symbol must belong to $t$ disjoint check equations. It is known that linear $2$-DRGP codes must have co-dimension $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$. We show that there are stencils corresponding to $2$-DRGP with visible rank as small as $O(\log n)$. However, we show the second tensor of any $2$-DRGP stencil has visible rank $\Omega(n)$, thus recovering the $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$ lower bound for $2$-DRGP. For $q$-LCC, however, the $k$'th tensor power for $k\le n^{o(1)}$ is unable to improve the $\widetilde{O}(n^{(q-2)/(q-1)})$ upper bound on the dimension of $q$-LCCs by a polynomial factor.


Patrick W. Stroman, PhD email@example.com HIGHLIGHTS • fMRI is possible in the spinal cord, but requires adaptation of brain fMRI methods • Challenges include poor magnetic field homogeneity, and proximity to moving tissues/fluids • Overcoming these challenges enables study of complete systems, and effects of injury or disease TARGET AUDIENCE: This information will benefit researchers studying neuronal processes in the healthy or damaged spinal cord, and systems that are distributed across the CNS, such as pain. OUTCOME: The challenges encountered with fMRI of the human spinal cord are identified, and methods that appear to be optimal to overcome these challenges, are demonstrated. PURPOSE: The spinal cord and brainstem play critical roles in sensory and motor processing, and in pain, and can influence emotions and cognitive processing as well. Extending fMRI into the spinal cord has the potential to yield valuable new information that is otherwise inaccessible in humans. METHODS Identify the challenges: MRI of the spinal cord presents challenges of poor image quality due to poor magnetic field homogeneity and motion artifacts arising from the heart, lungs, and throat.(1) Fast imaging methods required for fMRI, such as with echo-planar imaging (EPI), are particularly sensitive to this environment. The choice of imaging method influences the parameters needed to attain optimal neuronal-activity-related contrast for fMRI, and the dominant sources, and effects, of physiological noise. Overcome the challenges: In order to achieve fast acquisition times while avoiding EPI methods, singleshot fast spin-echo imaging, with partial Fourier acquisition (HASTE) is proposed. This method enables images to be acquired in thin sagittal slices to provide full 3D coverage of the spinal cord with good spatial resolution and fidelity. The optimal contrast was determined in spinal cord fMRI studies, with data acquired over a range of echo times (TE). Physiological noise has been characterized by means of computer simulations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow on image data, and with "Null" fMRI studies (no stimulus applied) to characterize autocorrelations and signal variance, and determine the influence of artifact correction schemes, motion correction, temporal filtering, and acquisition variants including parallel imaging (GRAPPA) and a range of repetition times (TR). RESULTS: The optimal fMRI contrast-to-noise ratio in the spinal cord with spin-echo acquisitions has been determined be at a TE of approximately 75 msec. This value corresponds with established BOLD theory as it matches the tissue T2 value. Physiological noise in spinal cord fMRI data, with HASTE, is seen to be dominated by motion artifacts arising from CSF flow linked to the cardiac cycle. The use of parallel imaging enables shorter TR values to be used, enabling more data to be acquired in an fMRI time-series. Parallel imaging also reduces some signal variance, possibly due to the reduced span of the cardiac cycle during sampling, and reduced loss of spatial resolution due to sampling k-space across multiple echoes. Signal fluctuations recorded in the spinal cord in Null studies were observed to have auto-correlations which are relatively low, and that decrease with shorter TR (increased T1-weighting). General linear model (GLM) analyses of Null data with an arbitrary paradigm were used to determine the t-value distributions, and identify departures from the expected Student's t-distribution. DISCUSSION: The results of the error analysis support the conclusion that the dominant source of physiological noise arises from CSF. Methods currently used in our lab provide fMRI data spanning the cervical spinal cord and brainstem, with 1.5 x 1.5 x 2 mm resolution, spin-echo BOLD contrast, and relatively low physiological noise from a known source that can be modeled and reduced in postprocessing. The requisite balance is achieved between speed, resolution, and sensitivity. The sensitivity of these methods is supported by fMRI studies of pain responses, and analyses of the residual errors. CONCLUSIONS: The challenges of functional MRI of the human spinal cord appear to have been effectively overcome. Studies of pain processing demonstrate the value of this method, both for basic research and potential for future clinical applications to monitor the effects of injury and disease or monitor treatment outcomes. REFERENCES: 1. Leitch JK, Figley CR, Stroman PW. Applying functional MRI to the spinal cord and brainstem. Magn Reson Imaging 2010;28(8):1225-1233.


In the presence of parametric uncertainty, the adaptive control method for lane changing of intelligent vehicle was studied. Based on the lateral dynamical model of vehicle, by applying terminal sliding mode technology, the yaw-rate tracking control law for lane changing was designed and the estimation formula for uncertain control parameters was deduced by using direct adaptive method. By using the control law and adaptive law for uncertain parameter designed in this paper, expected control performance of stability of tracking error and the convergence property of parameter estimation values was verified from the simulation.


The article deals with the main issues of the theory of language contacts. The evolution of term «language contact», its relation to closely-related concepts and different points of view to the classification of language contacts are presented. The article also studies the key notions identified on the basis of the role of languages in contacts of language groups.


Lipid peroxidation is enhanced in pregnancy-induced hypertension and lipid peroxides are known to damage endothelial cells which are diffusely disturbed in this complication of pregnancy'. Serum auto-antibodies to oxidised low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) have been shown to be increased in the serum of pre-eclamptic pregnant women2. However, lipid peroxidation is not directly assessable in vivo nor it is possible to identi@ circulating ox-LDL. In view of these limitations, we have investigated the susceptibility of isolated LDL to Cu2+ mediated oxidative modifications as an indication of enhanced lipid oxidation in hypertensive pregnant women.


Health IT is the use of Information Technology (IT) in healthcare to improve patients' experience, enable quality care, efficiency, speed, and security of the collection, exchange, sharing, and storage of sensitive personal information. But Health IT faces a number of notable challenges ranging from privacy risks to trust and confidence in the use of EHRs. In this chapter, a framework for conducting Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) of Health IT projects is discussed. Privacy impact assessment is a process through which privacy risks are assessed. The chapter includes recommendations for mitigating identified risks and ensuring compliance to policy and processes for handling and processing of highly sensitive and Personally Identifiable Information (PII).


In this article for a New Jersey newspaper, Apgar discussed traditional beliefs that mothers were at fault when their children
 were born with defects or undesirable characteristics (e.g., the "wrong" gender). She explained how recent research
 had "made mincemeat" of such assumptions, and how the March of Dimes planned to sponsor research exploring the father's
 genetic responsibility in such cases.


Objective To analysis the factors affecting the effects of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendons.Methods From Dec 2002 to June 2004,sixty-six patients,72 ACL injured knees underwent arthroscopic hamstrings graft reconstruction using the quadruped Endobutton fixation procedure.After being harvested through a small anterior opening of the knee,the hamstring graft was folded into quadruped,and was then anchored into the tibial and the femoral tunnels using respectively the Endobutton and the door-shaped button.The anatomical structure and the biomechanical function of the ACL were restored.Results The post-operative Lachman test ranging from 27 to 71(mean 22.25) was significantly higher than that of the pre-operative one which ranged from 70 to 99(menan 90.83)(P0.05, t=2.23).Conclusion Hamstring tendons have a high resistance to strain and a good stiffness.Arthroscopic quadruped Endobutton procedure of is a reliable procedure for ACL reconstruction.


Firstly, we explored the in vitro urinary CaOx formation in which the samples were divided into different aliquots, one of them was used as control (crystallization without DGP, TDP and potassium citrate) while in the others, CaOx precipitations were induced in the presence of DGP (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), TDP (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), HCTZ (10 mg/kg) and potassium citrate (CK; 10 mg/kg). These treatments were added to the synthetic urine samples before crystallization process. The inhibitory effects of samples were determined based on the spectrophotometric assay in time 60 min after adding sodium oxalate at 37°C, and morphology of crystals were analyzed by light microscopy. Posteriorly, the same procedure was performed with the 7-day cumulative urine of NTR (normotensive rats) and SHR (hypertensive rats) treated with VEH (vehicle), DGP and TDP (0.1 mg/kg), or HCTZ (10 mg/kg). Authorization from CEUA/UNIVALI: 028/17p. The in vitro results, by using synthetic urine, showed that CK decreased the number of CaOx crystals when compared to the control sample. The HCTZ was also able to decrease the number of CaOx crystals, demonstrating to be more effective than CK. TDP decreased the number of CaOx in all concentrations (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) and decreased the absorbance values at 0.3 mg/kg. In contrast, the DGP was not able to decrease the number of CaOx or absorbance. On the other hand, the ex vivo results, by using the urines samples collected from the rats for 7 days, showed that the treatment with HCTZ diminished the number of CaOx crystals formation compared with the VEH-treated only NTR or SHR group. Similarly, the treatment with DGP was able to decrease the number of crystals in both NTR and SHR urine samples. Additionally, the treatment with TDP reduced the number of crystals formation in NTR group.


Test case prioritization techniques improve the performance of regression testing, and arrange test cases in order to obtain maximum available fault that is going to be detected in a shorter time. In this research the priority is given to test cases that are performed based on multiple criteria and hybrid criteria to enhance the effectiveness of time and cost for proposed technique. This paper shows that our prioritization technique is appropriate for regression testing environment and show that our prioritization approach frequently produces a higher average percentage of fault detection rate value, for web application. The experiments also reveal fundamental tradeoffs in the performance of time aware prioritization. In this technique some fault will be seeded in subject application, then applying the prioritization criteria on test cases to obtain the effective time of average percentage fault detection rate.