Provided is a multi-shaft drive device in which weight and cost can be reduced compared to conventional devices. An output-side bevel gear (50) at a distal-end side of a movable shaft (40), the movable shaft being fitted to an output shaft (20) so as to be capable of sliding, meshes with an input-side bevel gear (14) when an advancement is made towards the input-side bevel gear (14), the movable shaft (40) thereby rotates, and the rotation of the movable shaft (40) is transmitted to the output shaft (20); the movable shaft (40) and the output-side bevel gear (50) being integrally formed using a resin; the output shaft (20) being also made from a resin; and the movable shaft (40) being externally provided on an outer circumference-side of the output shaft (20) so as to be capable of sliding.


In pace with the continuous improvement of science and technology, the figure design in our country is also changing continuously, the figure design in ancient times provides sufficient material for modern figure design, and also provides good and substantial foundation for today's figure design, but to the future development of figure, there are still some problems worth to be studied.


The factors of shades and fault nodes will cause that location effect is not the optimal,when all AP nodes are as feature inputs. The traditional methods select AP nodes by comparing signal feature of the whole area,without considering correlation between different sub area and AP nodes. Aiming at this problem,put forward a distributed AP selection algorithm,which can effectively remove at AP nodes with big noise and weak ability of position resolution. This method divides indoor area into several sub areas and calculates the correlation between the sub area and AP nodes for selecting AP nodes with optimal correlation as training nodes of this sub area. Deep belief networks( DBN) model is used for training location model. According to the result of the experiments,average location error of the proposed model is 0. 415 1 m at the range of 12 m × 12 m. At the same time,comparing with BP algorithm,RADAR algorithm,the proposed model performs better in wireless indoor location,which reduces positioning error by 35. 95 % and 46. 78 % and decreases running time by 22. 8 % and 32. 9 %respectively.


With the present study we provide insight into the change that is and is not present after a year of teacher training in 58 pre-service teachers' motivation to become a teacher, their professional commitment, and their self-efficacy. Furthermore, the extent to which these changes are related to these teachers' perceptions of their learning environment, specifically their perceptions of the quality of curriculum, instruction, and assessment was investigated. These pre-service teachers completed a survey at the beginning and end of their teacher training. Their self-efficacy regarding their tasks within the broader school context significantly decreased during their training period. The pre-service teachers' change in teachers' motivation, professional commitment, and self-efficacy appeared to be unrelated to these teachers' perceptions of their learning environment. Motivation to become a teacher 3 Motivation to become a teacher and its relationships with teaching self-efficacy, professional commitment and perceptions of the learning environment


The invention relates to fluorine-containing silicone oil and a preparation method thereof. Fluorine-containing alcoxyl acylpropyl amine-modified amino silicone oil is prepared by introducing a fluorine-containing alcoxyl acylpropyl amine substituent into a side chain of the amino silicone oil by addition reaction of unsaturated double bond on fluorine-containing alkyl acrylic ester or fluorine-containing alkyl methacrylic ester and an amino group on a side group of the amino silicone oil. Fabric finishing working liquid with high stability is obtained by emulsifying the fluorine-containing alcoxyl acylpropyl amine-modified amino silicone oil provided by the invention; by applying the fluorine-containing alcoxyl acylpropyl amine-modified amino silicone oil to finishing cotton fabric by a rolling-baking-roasting finishing process, the obtained cotton fabric has good soft effect; and due to the introduction of a fluoroalkyl group into the side chain of the amino silicone oil, soft finishing of the fabric and multifunctional finishing for endowing the fabric with water-proof performance, oil-proof performance and the like are realized, the defect that the fabric turns yellow easily when being finished with the conventional amino silicone oil is also overcome, the quality of the fabric is guaranteed, and the added value of the product is also improved.


Objective The accuracy of dose monitor system of a linear accelerator is of crucial importance for precise delivery of the prescribed dose.The aim of this article is to study the dosimetry characters of linear accelerator at low monitor units(LMUs).Methods The doses of Siemens Mevatron MD7745 linear accelerator were measured at depth of 1.5 cm and 5 cm with l0 cm×10 cm field and 100 cm source skin distance(SSD) for the monitor units were between 1 and 100 MU,and centigray(cGy) per monitor and the deviation with monitors were calculated.Then the percent depth dose(PDD) in 10 cm×10 cm field and Collimator and Phantom Scattor Factor(Sc,p) in fields between 3 cm×3 cm and 20 cm×20 cm were measured when the monitor unit settings were 1,5 and 100.Results The influence to PDD and Sc,p was less than 1%at low monitor units but the deviation to cGy per unit was large,and the maximal deviation was 10.6%.Conclusion In order to attain the rules from WHO for Quality Assurance in radiotherapy that the accuracy for dose calculation in phantom must be better than 3%.For SIEMENS MD7745 linear accelerator, cGy per MU must be corrected when the MU settings are less than 10,but the influence PDD and Sc,p from low monitor unit setting can be neglected.


We studied the evolution of microstructure in a martensitic stainless steel during creep by monitoring ultrasonic attenuation. After obtaining a series of creep samples with various strains under a tensile stress of 120 MPa at 873 K, we removed small samples from the samples and measured free vibration resonance frequencies and attenuation coefficients with electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR). We propose a non‐destructive method using EMAR to evaluate creep damage in small specimens sampled from structural metals in‐service.


Particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10) is today an important subject of study, mainly because of its increasing concentration and its impact on environment and public health. This article summarizes the usage of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to forecast PM10 concentrations based on atmospheric variables. In this particular case-study, the use of deep convolutional neural networks (both 1D and 2D) was explored to probe the feasibility of these techniques in prediction tasks. Furthermore, in this contribution, an ensemble method called Bagging (BEM) is used to improve the accuracy of the prediction model. Lastly, a well-known technique for PM10 forecasting, called multilayer perceptron (MLP) is used as a comparison to show the feasibility, accuracy, and robustness of the proposed model. In this contribution, it was found that the CNNs outperforms MLP, especially when they are executed using ensemble models.


Thesis on quality standards of social services is designed as a work of theoretical research.
The theoretical part of the course focuses on the history of standards in the Czech Republic. Continuing legal framework of standards, Social Services Act and Regulation, which accompanies this Act. We also focus on inspection activities, which include quality control standards. The description of the standards and requirements of the law on individual standards. The research part of our thesis deals with research and analysis of the survey, which was used. He continued analysis of data obtained during the investigation and presentation of results. Finally, the discussion of the results of research.


Binding energies, excitation energies, and single nucleon transfer spectroscopic factors of the 55 ≤ A ≤ 60 cobalt isotopes have been calculated in a 1f–2p shell configuration space assuming a 56Ni...


The present invention relates to one kind of collecting agent for floating and desilicating bauxite, and the collecting agent consists of industrial chemicals fatty acid, naphthenic acids and hydroximic acid in the weight ratio of 25-98 to 0-75 to 0-25. The re-compounded collecting agent features the mutual solubilization and homogenization of its components and no negative effect of emulsifier. The naphthenic acids have cyclopentyl formic acid with smelting point of -7 deg.c as the main component, and are suitable for low temperature use. The collecting agent is suitable for for floating and desilicating bauxite of different types, especially low grade bauxite, and has high collecting performance, low consumption and good low temperature use effect.


Abstract Eruption onset, style and duration are governed, in part, by the movement and interaction of distinct magma bodies at depth. High-resolution investigation of erupted products can retrospectively inform our understanding of such processes and improve future interpretation of real-time monitoring signals. In 2002-03, Mount Etna (Italy) erupted two elementally and isotopically distinct magmas simultaneously, providing a unique opportunity to explore magma transport and evolution through complex, well-documented and monitored volcanic activity. In this study, melt chemistry (groundmass fraction as opposed to whole-rock) and mineral zoning (X-ray fluorescence mapping and electron microprobe) are treated as separate recorders of magma history tracking syn- and pre-eruptive processes, respectively. Elemental mapping of entire thin sections revealed a largely antecrystic, hybrid crystal cargo hosting reverse-zoned clinopyroxene and olivine, supporting extensive magma mixing in southern flank conduits. Antecryst-free groundmass chemo-stratigraphies reveal melt compositional variations on timescales of days to weeks. In agreement with previous whole-rock studies, we find that during the early-middle stages of activity, melt erupted on the southern flank was rich in MgO, CaO, Cr, Ni, and radiogenic-Sr, and depleted in Al2O3, Na2O, La, Zr, relative to its north-eastern counterpart. In addition, high resolution tracking of melt composition reveals a progressive shift to increasingly evolved compositions over the course of the S-rift eruption. A corresponding shift in 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios (0.70366 to 0.70358) across the same period implies progressive mixing of isotopically distinct magmas as the main driver of the observed compositional change. In contrast, NE-rift products lack evidence of mixing in both melt and mineral records, in agreement with previous work suggesting geodynamically controlled draining of shallow, isolated magma pockets. Comparing recharge-to-eruption timescales derived from mineral zonation with real-time monitoring data and groundmass compositional data, we show that the onset of magma mixing in the S-rift coincided with a deep seismic event (8-18 km) and was followed by the ascent of undegassed magma approximately 2 months before eruption onset. Finally, we demonstrate that high-resolution temporal changes in melt composition, approached through melt geochemistry, are closely linked to eruption intensity and SO2 emission. We suggest that composition and explosivity on the southern rift fluctuated in response to multiple phases of recharge-mixing-hybridisation between undegassed 'eccentric' magma and a degassed resident magma at 3-5 km depth. Our results highlight that high-resolution geochemistry can improve our understanding of deep magmatic processes driving eruption onset, duration and intensity. Rapid analysis of melt composition integrated with traditional monitoring approaches could improve future hazard response at Mount Etna and active volcanoes globally.


Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been given special attention due to their probiotic functions and also the possible antioxidant effects. The 378 strains of LAB isolated from the wide range of samples were studied. In this study large part of the strains was obtained from plant surfaces (phylloplane) from locations at different climatic zones expecting variable antioxidative properties due to the difference in solar irradiation intensity. The total antioxidative activity as well as polyphenolic- and thiol-producing ability of screened isolates were tested. Polyphenolic and thiol content were strain- and media-dependent. The new simple modification of screening for potential antioxidant properties estimation has been developed. For the first time the link between solar irradiation and hydrogen peroxide sensitivity of isolated strains has been shown.


In this article, we take a critical look at the growing interest in U.S. political participation as it exists in the youth civic engagement literature. Our critique draws from principles of liberation and developmental psychology, and from the incisive writings of experts in youth organizing. Youth Organizing evolved from the Positive Youth Development (PYD) and Community Youth Development (CYD) perspectives but its addition of social justice activism is consistent with liberation psychology. The essence of our critique is this: Although there is certainly value in the current civic engagement literature, much of it focuses on the maintenance of social and political institutions rather than on action for social justice. To promote a better balance, and one more relevant to the lives of youth of color and other marginalized young people, we offer a framework for empirical research on youth sociopolitical development. The focus is on the relationship between social analysis (including critical consciousness) and societal involvement that includes the full range of service and political work. Because youth is the focus, we also include a brief discussion of a distinctive challenge that adults face in doing just work with young people—namely, adultism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 779–792, 2007.


As world population increases, number of RTA and violent trauma also increases. Trauma is one of the leading causes of death encountered in our country. 10% of these trauma is attributed to injuries to the abdomen during trauma episodes. The Indian fatality rate is 20 times more than in developed countries. M/CC of abdominal trauma include: RTA, kicks on abdomen, fall from height, fall of heavy objects over abdomen, blows over abdomen. Patients with abdominal trauma present as a diagnostic dilemma/ multi trauma may mask the presentation of abdominal injury. Hence most of the times we miss the diagnosis of abdominal injury. To overcome the above issue accurate diagnosis of the abdominal injury is mandatory. Delay in diagnosis may cause the mortality of the patient and also it increases the morbidity of the patient.
FAST has proven to be a very useful tool in examining various abdominal traumatic injuries. Its non invasive, cost effective. Easily available. Capable of rapidly surveying the entire abdomen. Helps the surgeon decide the further management (operative/non operative). It can be repeated a number of times. Patient need not be shifted to CECT Room. Machine is user friendly can be transported and bedside screening of the patient.
It is a very good bedside investigation helping in early diagnosis and rapid management of the patient. It is also useful to follow up the patient who was diagnosed with blunt injury to abdomen and planned conservative treatment.
In my study I have taken up FAST to compare it with CECT abdomen when the patient is planned conservative management and with Operative Finding when the patient has been operated and find out the FAST sensitivity, specificity, false positivity and negativity and found that FAST is very reliable and extremely useful investigation in emergency care setup to decide upon the further management of the patient.


Catalyzed by molecular iodine at room temperature, under solvent-free conditions, a two component aza-Diels-Alder cyclization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone with N-arylimine gave tetrahydroquinoline derivatives in good yields and high stereo-selectivity. And three components aza-Diels-Alder reaction of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, anilines and indole-3-carbaldehydes under the same condition afford only cis-product in good yields.


We examined background information and course of labour from a cohort of 2,810 low-risk nulliparas to identify possible lifestyle and anthropometrical risk indicators for dystocia. Criteria for dystocia: cervical dilatation <2 cm over 4 h during labour's active phase, or no descent during 2 h (3 h with epidural) in the descending phase, or no progress for 1 h during the expulsive phase. After adjustments, athletics or heavy gardening ≥4 h per week appeared protective for dystocia (OR 0.63, CI 0.45–0.89), contrary to a non-significant finding of intensive physical training (OR 1.57, CI 0.84–2.93). Caffeine intake of 200–299 mg/day was associated with dystocia (OR 1.37, CI 1.04–1.80); also high maternal age (OR 2.25, CI 1.58–3.22), small stature (OR 2.18, CI 1.51–3.15) and pre-pregnancy overweight (OR 1.28, CI 1.02–1.61). No association was found between dystocia and alcohol intake, smoking, night sleep and options for resting during the day.


The research was conducted in Sukamade Beach, Meru Betiri National Park, East Java. The purpose of this research was to identify marine tourism activity and to determine the differences in the characteristics of turtle-nesting beaches towards the number and species of turtles that came to the beach. Data collection conducted in August-September 2014. The method used in this research was a survey method at 7 reseach stations to collect primary data (biophysical characteristics) and secondary data. The Primary data was collected by monitoring turtles, width and slope of the beach, temperature, pH, moisture, sand texture, and beach vegetation conditions at each station. The results of the research shows that marine tourisms always involve tourists who attend to see turtle nesting, when turtles arrive at the beach, and turtles return to the sea, how large the turtles and how they lay eggs on the beach, and the release of little turtles (tukik). The number of turtles that landed from station 1 to station 7 is as many as 311 individuals of three species. The most dominant species of turtles that arrived at the beach is green turtle (Chelonia mydas), followed by olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivaceae) and leatherbacks turtles (Dermochelys coriacea).


X-ray Fluorescence Molecular Imaging (XFMI) holds great promise as a low-cost molecular imaging modality for biomedical applications with high chemical sensitivity. However, for in vivo biomedical applications, a key technical bottleneck is the relatively low chemical sensitivity of XFMI, especially at a reasonably low radiation dose. In laboratory x-ray source based XFMI, one of the main factors that limits the chemical sensitivity of XFMI is the scattered x-rays. We will present our latest findings on improving the chemical sensitivity of XFMI using excitation beam spectrum optimization. XFMI imaging experiments on two mousesized phantoms were conducted at three different excitation beam spectra. Our results show that the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of iodine can be readily increased by five times via excitation spectrum optimization. Findings from this investigation could find use for in vivo pre-clinical small-animal XFMI in the future. Keywords—Molecular imaging, X-ray fluorescence, chemical sensitivity, X-ray scattering.


Entrepreneurship-based business management for doormats craftsmen in Panggungduwet Village. The number of craftsmen who participated in the PKM program was 10 people. PKM collaborates with the Panggungduwet Village government and the Faculty of Management, Ciputra University. Craftsmen problems: (1) Doormats business without innovation; (2) The conventional sales system; (3) The doormat business generates low income (less than 1 million/month); (4) Doormats craftsmen without entrepreneurship-based business management knowledge; (5) Doormats craftsmen are afraid to sell products through an online sales system; (6) The character of the craftsmen did not believe in himself. PKM goals: improve the quality of human resources from craftsmen, business management and reduce the number of poor people in Panggungduwet Village. The PKM activity methods consist of: Business Model Canvas analysis, business management innovation, and business evaluation. PKM Results: (1) Innovation of the entrepreneurship-based doormat business management system by developing customer relationships; (2) Marketing media innovation with social media; (3) Creating jobs for 20 people in Panggungduwet Village who become doormats craftsmen; (4) Increasing 15% income craftsmen; (5) Increase the understanding of craftsmen on the concept of entrepreneurship; (6) Increased self-confidence of craftsmen in running business operations and executing product sales with an online system. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v5i3.4201


Achieving product and process quality are among the central themes of software engineering, and quality is an important factor in the marketplace. Usability and user experience (UX) are two importa ...


The conclusion for sum matrix of two equal matrix of real power is equal matrix was given,meanwhile obtained some properties in this paper.


BS>After enumerating the causes liable to limit enrichment in isotopic separations, an electrostatic double monochromator is described. The first results show a gain of one order of magnitude in the enrichment coefficient, compared with ordinary separations. (auth)


This paper proposes the computation of homoclinic points using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) in 2-dimensional discrete dynamical systems. Homoclinic points are a qualitative indicator for the system analysis because their existence guarantees the occurrence of chaos. However, it has been hard to explore the exact homoclinic points because the conventional computation methods need too much precise initial values and so complicated derivatives on the points. In contrast, the PSO requires neither complicated derivatives nor exact initial values. Our method computes the homoclinic points by combining two PSOs without setting the exact initial values. We also conduct a numerical experiment with Hénon map and confirm the validity of the algorithm.


ABSTRACT A method is developed for generating a well-distributed Pareto set for the upper level in bilevel multiobjective optimization. The approach is based on the Directed Search Domain (DSD) algorithm, which is a classical approach for generation of a quasi-evenly distributed Pareto set in multiobjective optimization. The approach contains a double-layer optimizer designed in a specific way under the framework of the DSD method. The double-layer optimizer is based on bilevel single-objective optimization and aims to find a unique optimal Pareto solution rather than generate the whole Pareto frontier on the lower level in order to improve the optimization efficiency. The proposed bilevel DSD approach is verified on several test cases, and a relevant comparison against another classical approach is made. It is shown that the approach can generate a quasi-evenly distributed Pareto set for the upper level with relatively low time consumption.


Further to the debate at this year's RCN congress on activism, the professional development and labour relations roles of the RCN are key to nursing in the UK.


A shallow water, high‐frequency active acoustic data set is being examined for the existence of a broadband frequency dispersion phenomena (BDP). Two scenarios, an up‐slope source‐to‐receiver propagation path and a shallow‐to‐shallow path are studied in detail using a time domain finite element parabolic equation model and measured environmental parameters. It was expected that the analysis of the shot data from the AEAS exercise off the Pacific West Coast would result in confirmation that echoes or reflection events from bottom reflectors would be distinguishable from echoes of water column reflectors. This expected result could be detected only for the up‐slope propagation path where energy spreading loss (ESL) was relatively low. The shallow‐to‐shallow propagation paths were dominated by ESL and it was determined that the ESL must be modeled accurately before the BDP can be analyzed and utilized for very shallow water propagation paths. ESL is modeled for the two propagation scenarios and the impact of...


This is an indispensable guide to the preparation, presentation and practice of speaking in front of groups, both small and large.


We prove the Bernoulli property for determinantal point processes on R with translation-invariant kernels. For the determinantal point processes on Z with translationinvariant kernels, the Bernoulli property was proved by Lyons and Steif [4] and Shirai and Takahashi [12]. As its continuum version, we prove an isomorphism between the translation-invariant determinantal point processes on R with translation-invariant kernels and homogeneous Poisson point processes. For this purpose, we also prove the Bernoulli property for the tree representations of the determinantal point processes.


The stability of cefazolin 1 g in metronidazole 500 mg/100 mL at 8°C was studied for use as an TV admixture. The commercially available injection of cefazolin sodium 1 g vial was diluted to 5 mL with 0.9% sodium chloride injection and added to metronidazole 500 mg/100 mL. Following dilution of 2 mL to 100 mL with water, 1-mL aliquots were transferred to glass vials, refrigerated at 8°, and assayed for cefazolin and metronidazole concentration at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after preparation. The concentration of cefazolin and metronidazole was determined by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The range of concentration was determined to be within 5% of the 0-hour mean concentration. Over the 72-hour period, the mean concentration of cefazolin at all assay times was within 98.4 to 101.0% of the initial concentration. The mean concentration of metronidazole at each assay time was 96.9 to 104.9% of the initial concentration. Cefazolin sodium 10 mg/mL and metronidazole 5 mg/mL, prepared by adding reconstituted cefazolin to a glass bottle of metronidazole ready-to-use solution, were stable for 72 hours when stored at 8°C.


Taiwang"National Center library",TaiBei library and county libraries had been developing from 1949 to 1956,and it is propitious to comprehend and communicate between Taiwang and Chinese mainland librianship by reviewing Taiwang library history.


To the east, there was extensive evidence for major interactions between Judah and the Transjordan during the long seventh century. Evidence of this interaction in the material culture is especially intense in the Beersheba and Arad valleys, at the heart of the eastwest trade route, with the ceramic repertoire of some settlements witnessing to the substantial perpetuation of Transjordanian material culture in this area. Though substantial evidence of direct Assyrian material cultural influence in the Transjordan is lacking, it was noted that the development of an Edomite state during this period was probably the consequence of regional changes wrought by the advent of Assyrian power. The period between the emergence of Israel and the Babylonian exile does not comprise centuries of ethnic stagnation but, at least in its final stages, represents a turbulent period of dramatic change in understandings of what it meant to be an Israelite.Keywords: Assyrian; Edomite state; Israel; Israelite; Judah; Transjordan


Soft switching technology is an effective way to reduce the switching loss of the single-phase inverter to improve efficiency. Because of the ease of implementing soft switching, inverter works in boundary conduction mode (BCM) is widely used. On the contrary, BCM causes wide variation in switching frequency and large inductor current ripple. In this article, a fixed switching frequency hybrid modulation method for the inverter is proposed, which can achieve zero-voltage switching without changing the switching frequency and reduce the peak value of inductor current. The modulation achieves good tracking of the output current with different loads by switching mode between the triangular mode and the trapezoidal mode accurately. For implementing modulation, the operation states of the inverter with different conditions are analyzed in detail, the number of operation states is deduced and the state machine about mode switching is summarized. In addition, a single-phase inverter prototype is designed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed modulation. Compared with BCM, the efficiency of the inverter at both light load and full load is increased.


Wushou routine is a complete martial arts technical system with attack and defense as the art. It should be art of techniques instead of performance. The development of competitive sports has over-emphasized the element of dancing which was characteristic of the ancient entertaining Wushu routine. It is also a misunderstanding of the peotic attack and defense techniques of Wushu. There lie both technical and cultural problems in the development of Wushu routine.


The western side of White Bay is a scenic and geologically diverse area including rocks ranging in age from Mesoproterozoic to Carboniferous. It was the site of early geological explorations by Alexander Murray and James P. Howley, and also the location of some of the earliest gold mining on the island of Newfoundland. The gold-bearing veins that were exploited are hosted within Silurian sedimentary and volcanic rocks now known as the Sops Arm Group. The traditional view of the Sops Arm Group is that it comprises five formations. The lowermost three formations (Lower Volcanic Formation, Jacksons Arm Formation and Frenchmans Cove Formation) are largely of terrestrial aspect, becoming finer-grained upwards in the sequence. The upper (and thicker) formations (Simms Ridge Formation and Natlins Cove Formation) are dominated by marine sedimentary rocks, but the latter also includes a thick sequence of subaerial felsic volcanic rocks. Three of the formations in the group are discontinuous along strike, and this pattern has generally been ascribed to primary facies changes within an integral and essentially continuous sedimentary sequence. A different interpretation is here suggested for these Silurian rocks, in which the disparate terrestrial and marine sequences are unrelated, and were juxtaposed along an important structure termed the Long Steady fault zone. This disappearance of formations along strike suggests that they are excised by this regional fault zone. Although much of it is unexposed, the suspected fault zone is marked by localized strong deformation, and folding is best developed in less competent rocks in its hangingwall. Its history is unclear, but there are indications that it may have at one time been a west-directed thrust or reverse structure. Interestingly, many of the gold-bearing veins in the Sops Arm Group are located close to this regional fault zone, and some may be directly linked to minor associated structures. Hence, the fault zone may be an important regional control on gold mineralization, but it is probably not the only such factor. Auriferous veins (and indeed quartz veins in general) are more abundant in the south of the area, where later granites abound, implying that there could also be a thermal or genetic link to such magmatism, as originally (and eloquently) proposed by James P. Howley exactly 100 years ago.


The pathogenic process that defines osteoarthritis (OA) is the imbalance between excess degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in articular cartilage and a decreased ability of chondrocytes to remodel the matrix. There are many factors that contribute to this disease including unchecked actions of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13), an enzyme specific for the breakdown of collagen type II which is the main component of cartilage extracellular matrix. We have developed a three‐dimensional, serum‐free culture system to rear primary, human OA chondrocytes (HOACs). However, we had noted that the ECM phenotype of these cells seemed to be changing when cultured past 5 days. Primary human articular chondrocytes were isolated from patients who underwent surgery for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The medial and lateral aspects of the joint samples were kept separated and labeled as greatest or least pathology. The number of live cells were determined and plated at 1.8 × 106 cells/0.5ml alginate per well of a 12‐well plate. Cells were cultured in complete serum‐free media for 11 days with RNA and DNA collected at days 2, 5, 8 and 11. Total RNA and DNA were isolated via Trizol reagent protocol. Quantitation of nucleic acids was accomplished with the NanoDrop system. Over the eleven days in culture there was no statistically significant difference in the total amount of RNA isolated either in the least pathology samples (day 2=4.3ugRNA/culture versus day 11=2.8ugRNA/culture) or the greatest pathology samples (day 2=5.3ugRNA/culture versus day 11=6.2ugRNA/culture). The same was true for the total DNA isolated from the least pathology samples (day 2=1.9ugDNA/culture versus day 11=1.6ugDNA/culture) or the greatest pathology samples (day 2=8ugDNA/culture versus day 11=1.7ugDNA/culture). Future studies include quantitative, real‐time PCR to measure expression of metabolic agents including MMPs and collagens present in OA chondrocytes. This study is the first of its kind to isolate RNA and DNA from completely serum‐free, three‐dimensional cultures of primary human OA chondrocytes.


Abstract A one‐pot synthesis of oxime derivatives 3a–3f of 1‐phenyl‐3‐arylpyrazole‐4‐carboxaldehydes has been accomplished by the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction of acetophenone phenylhydrazones 1a–1f under a new workup procedure.


Objective To investigate the influence of different vibration frequency on the degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc and the bone mineral density( BMD) of the femur,and to explore the effect of protective equipment on the degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc in rats. Methods BMD of rats before and after the vibration training was detected. After the vibration training,nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc was collected,and HE staining and the immunohistochemical study of the nucleus pulposus tissue were performed. Results Along with the increase of the vibration frequency,the apoptosis of the intervertebral disc cells increased obviously. Compared with that in protective equipment group,the percentage of positive cells and optical density value of the positive particles detected using TUNEL method in non-protective equipment group increased significantly( P 0. 05).BMD of the femur showed no significant difference before and after the vibration( P 0. 05). Conclusion Vibration has no obvious influence on BMD. But along with the increase of the vibration frequency,the degeneration of the intervertebral disc increases.And the protective equipment has protective effect on the degeneration of the intervertebral disc caused by vibration.


Proteomic analysis of core needle biopsy ( CNB) sample from patient populations is critical to our understanding of human disease , but has been hindered by its particular small size. Here , we present a method for the proteomic analysis of CNB sample based on the two dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins were extracted directly from 3 rat liver CNB specimens and a human prostate CNB sample , respectively. 24 cm Immobiline DryStrip ( pH 3210NL ) and 1215 % SDS2PAGE were introduced to separate the proteins. Interesting spots were analyzed by MALDI TOFP TOF mass spectrometry after tryptic digestion. With this method , consistent electrophoretic patterns of more than 2 500 protein spots were reproducibly obtained after silver staining , from rat liver CNB specimens. Qualitatively and quantitatively reproducible results also yield when the method was applied to a human prostate CNB sample. 57 stochastically selected protein spots were analyzed by MALDI TOFP TOF mass spectrometry , and were identified with high confidence including faint ones. This simple and reproducible approach raises the opportunity of defining key molecular events of human


Advanced cancer of the prostate is L relatively prevalent, and, in this country, it is now the third most common cause of death due to cancer in the male. 5 Endocrine treatment in this stage has resulted in a variable and unpredictable and, in most cases, an unsustained restraint of tumor growth; therapy with estrogens has been reported to increase the mortality from cardiovascular disease to about the same extent that it diminishes the death rate due to cancer. 6 As a result, interest has been focused on the earlier stages of prostatic cancer to learn how it develops, how rapidly it grows, whether endocrine treatment in an early stage is more beneficial than in an advanced stage, and whether radical excision in the early stage is superior to any other type of treatment in controlling or eradicating the disease. For years, pathologists have described the beginnings of prostatic cancer


Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1991, Vol 36(12), 1065–1066. Reviews the book, Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind edited by Walter Reich (see record 1990-98102-000). This is a truly topical book–not only in the sense of addressing currently "hot" research areas but in dealing with an issue that engages both our intellectual interests and our deepest feelings. This book is an effort to understand terrorist behavior by acknowledging and systematically exploring terrorism's complexity and diversity. The book begins with two chapters outlining different but complementary views on the roots of terrorism. The next (and longest) part of the book develops an insightful taxonomy of terrorists and their organizations, differentiating between, for example, radical terrorist groups that look toward a drastically different future and reactionary ones that want to defend or recover past privileges and status. The last two chapters are summaries of psychological studies of terrorism: what is known, what research should be done, and what the limitations of psychological inquiry are in this field. In summary, the book is well worth reading. However, it does leave the reader wishing that one author had taken up where others left off, producing a coherent and structured overview of the area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)


An algorithm for the autonomous identification of and tasking to collect additional data required to complete a goal is presented. This assertion-form goal is decomposed autonomously into an initial set of data collection tasks. Once these are completed, information gaps may exist or new information collection requirements may be identified. A utilitymaximization, cost-minimization metric is applied to ascertain what data collection tasks craft should be assigned. This decision making process is performed at each level of the hierarchy, decomposing large-scale needs into progressively smaller assignments. The utility of this control approach is assessed for persistent surveillance and planetary science applications.


A case study is presented that documents changes in eye contact duration following a program of sensory stimulatzon. Stimulation was provided by bouncing, bezng pulled on a scooter board, quzck rocking, and use of an electnc toothbrush. Data indicated that longer eye contact, decreased selfstImulation, and improved learning occurred. These results lend support to the hypothesIs that some hyperactzve children are underaroused and need stimulation. The rationale for treatment of these Individuals is discussed. I mproving the attending behaviors of profoundl y retarded ad ults is often a difficult task. Some of them engage in self-stimulation for prolonged periods of time and continue to self-stimulate despite freq uent reinforcement of appropriate beha viors. When asked to perform a task, they look at it only briefly, work on a tria I and error basis, then quickly stop working. A theory developed for hyperactivity in children may have implications for Improving attending behaviors in profoundly retarded individuals.


Digitalization and its associated technology are shaping the world economy and society. Data collection, data exchange, and connection throughout the wood supply chain have become increasingly important. There exist many technologies for the implementation of Industry 4.0 applications in forestry. For example, the integration of harvester production data throughout the wood supply chain seems to have strong optimization potential but it is faced with several challenges due to the high number of stakeholders involved. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the legal, social, and economic conditions surrounding the integration of harvester production data integration in Germany. For analysis of the legal and economic conditions, a narrative literature analysis was performed with special consideration of the relevant German and European legal references. For determination of the social conditions, a qualitative content analysis of 27 expert interviews was performed. Results showed that legal ownership of harvester production data cannot be clearly defined in Germany, but there exist several protection rights against misuse, which can define an ownership-similar data sovereignty. Furthermore, harvester data use can be restricted in the case where personal data are traceable, based on European data protection law. From a social perspective, the stakeholders interviewed in the study had different opinions on data ownership. Stakeholders require specific criteria on the data (interfaces) and other factors for the acceptance of new structures to allow successful harvester data integration. From an economic perspective, harvester production data are tradeable through varying transaction forms but, generally, there is no accepted and valid formula in existence for calculating the value or price of harvester data. Therefore, the authors advise discussing these issues with key stakeholders to negotiate and agree on data ownership and use in order to find a suitable solution to realize optimization potentials in the German wood supply chain.


The blooming process of two fire retardants: FR 1808 (by DSBG) and FR 8010 (by Albemarle) in high impact polystyrene (HIPS) was studied using experimental and computational methods. The degree of blooming was determined by accelerated aging followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Several levels of computational tools were used. On the molecular level, forced diffusion, calculations showed that the relative diffusion coefficient of FR 1808 in pure polystyrene (PS) is significantly higher than that of FR 8010. It was shown that this diffusion coefficient could be reduced by the addition of chloroprene and polychloroprene. Cohesive energy density (CED) solubility parameter and heat of mixing calculations showed that FR 1808 was compatible in PS, with an even higher compatibility in the interface of PS and butadiene in HIPS. TEM micrographs were in agreement with these findings. A three-stage blooming mechanism was suggested: FR 1808 accumulates in the PS butadiene interface and diffuses to the surface, through the butadiene inclusions, due to FR 1808 concentration gradient. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In order to predict sea surface temperature (SST), combined with the genetic algorithm and the least-squares method, a GM(1,1|sin) power model prediction method based on similarity deviation is proposed. We first combined the data of two consecutive years into a new time series, analyzed the similarity of the data of the previous year, and obtained the most similar year and the corresponding new time series. Then, we established a GM(1,1|sin) power model to predict SST. In model validation, we predicted the monthly average SST from 2016 to 2020 with the data from 1985 to 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. The validation results showed that the maximum mean relative error (MRE) was 13.28%, the minimum MRE was 5.54%, and the average MRE and the root mean square error (RMSE) were 9.81% and 1.0627, respectively. All of evaluation metrics of Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) were excellent. We iteratively predicted the monthly average SST from 2016 to 2020 with the data from 1985 to 2015, the maximum MRE was 13.91%, the minimum was 7.80%, and the average MRE, RMSE, LCCC and RPD are 11.07% 1.0603, 0.9894, and 7.497, respectively. Compared with GM(1,1), GM(1,1|sin + cos), and GM(1,1|sin) models, the proposed model outperformed these models with at least 50% in the MRE. It proves that the proposed model can be regarded as a better solution to predicting SST.


[Objective]To probe the probability of autologous platelet-rich glue(PRG) combined with particulate of cancellous bone in treating the aseptic tibial nonunion.[Method]Sixty patients with tibial nonunion in distal 1/3 fragment were randomly divided into 2 groups.Each group had thirty patients.PRG combined with particulate of autogenous cancellous bone was transplanted in the experimental group while particulate of cancellous bone was applied in the control group.The mean time to the operation was 10.5 months(7-36 months) and the average age were 38 years old.The postoperative systemic and local reaction,and X-ray finings of tibial nonunion were observed.The average follow-up was 22 months.According to the Johner-Wruh scoring system the results were statistically analyzed.[Result]At 8 months bony union was all achieved.There was a remarkable difference between those of experimental and control groups.[Conclusion]PRG had an important role in speeding bone healing,and the combination of PRG and particulate of autogenous cancellous bone is an ideal alternative of bone transplantation.


Abstract : Masking thresholds of ambient illumination were obtained for a signal presented as a horizontal trace on a cathode ray tube. Seven trace luminances and two trace widths were used. Ambient illumination was measured in terms of the luminance superimposed on the surface of the tube. The results show that in radar operation ambient light can be present considerably in excess of the signal strength without masking the signal display, except when the signal luminance is below 0.1 ml. If the signal strength is increased by a small amount, the masking threshold for anibient light rises rapidly at first, but at a decreasing rate, and eventually reaches a point where further increases in trace luminance do not result in a further increase in inasking threshold. Above this level of ambient light (somewhat higher than 1000 ml in this experiment) no increase in signal strength can compensate for the masking effects of the ambient light. Increasing the dimensions of the trace, while holding trace luminance constant, appears to afford tolerance for somewhat more ambient light.


The subject of the research in this article are the features, types and frequency of conflicts arising in preschool educational institutions (on the example of kindergartens in Yakutsk). Based on the conducted psychological tests and a sociological survey of kindergarten workers, the authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the causes and frequency of conflict situations in kindergartens, the varieties and specifics of conflicts, the dependence of the conflict of kindergarten workers on gender, age, level of education and work experience, position. Particular attention is paid to identifying the relationship between satisfaction with basic working conditions and the level of conflict in the team. The main conclusions of the study are the following: most conflicts in kindergartens arose between children, between parents and kindergarten; most employees faced conflict situations once every six months; among kindergarten employees, such a style of behavior in conflict as compromise prevails; 37% of the surveyed employees revealed a destructive type of behavior in a conflict situation; among women, the frequency of conflicts was higher than among men; among fully satisfied employees, the frequency of conflicts was lower than among dissatisfied employees; educators and teachers needed additional knowledge about effective conflict resolution among children, methods for identifying the causes of conflict between the child and parents.


This paper describes the development and implementation of a collaborative research project between a community agency and university-based researcher. The goal of the project was to address depression in low-income new mothers who would not ordinarily have access to mental health services.


Verticallyand horizontally-polarized antennas were investigated for on-body to on-body (OB2OB), in-body to in-body (IB2IB), and on-body to in-body (OB2IB) wireless propagations at frequencies of 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz. Theoretical formulations, simulations, and measurements were employed to study the effect of source antenna orientation on the attenuation of the radio frequency (RF) wave as it propagates around, inside, and through the body near the torso region. The results show that the vertical polarization is preferred for OB2OB communication, and the horizontal polarization is better for IB2IB communication. Furthermore, the dominant propagation mechanism and optimum antenna excitation for OB2IB communication are identified to be distance-dependent. The horizontallypolarized dipole is preferred at a shorter distance while the vertically-polarized dipole is preferred at a larger distance away from the source. The observed results were explained using the estimated attenuation rates of the different propagation mechanisms.


The end-to-end learning approach for autonomous driving has sparked great interest in both academic and industry in recent years. The approach can be defined as learning a model that maps om sensory input, such as image ames om a camera, to driving actions for controlling the autonomous vehicle such as steering. Compared to the traditional autonomous driving system, which o en includes perception, localization, mapping, and path planning, the end-to-end learning approach offers a more efficient method of utilizing large amounts of expert driver demonstrations to achieve fully autonomous driving without acquiring expensive labeling such as bounding box for objects. The end-to-end learning for autonomous driving can be done by supervised learning, where a model is tuned to minimize the differences between predicted actions and ground-truth actions. The training data is usually obtained om expert demonstrations. A model trained in this way, however, suffers om bad performance due to the mismatch between the samples visited by a learned model and those collected by an expert driver. In the first part of the thesis, we introduce the end-to-end approaches via both supervised learning and imitation learning with different data


The first recorded autopsy findings are presented on a young person suffering from intractable le p ra reaction treated for four months with clofazimine in a dose of 300 mg daily. Apart fram a generalized yellow colouration of fatty tissue, brick red in muscle and viscera, extreme congestion and oedema of the mucosa of the small intestine was found, and considered not to be caused by any infectious agent. Deposits of clofazimine crystals were found in the intestinal mucosa.


The paper analyzes issues of social and cultural modernization in the regions of Siberian federal district. Modernization processes are assessed using the methodology and analytical tools developed by the Center for the Study of modernization the Chinese Academy of Science, adapted to Russian statistical data by the Centre for the Study of Socio-cultural Change the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Science, under the supervision of N.I. Lapin and L.A. Belyaeva. It is concluded that current process of modernization is nonlinear and erratic in different regions of Siberia. Until now, this macro-region serves mainly as a resource store for Russia, thus making possibility of modernization throwback more likely to happen.


Quantitative evidence that early postmetamorphic stages of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) can disperse in the water column and colonize substrates has been obtained using off-bottom scouring pad collectors and plankton sampling in a nearshore, shallow-water area (2–7 m) near Wheatley, Lake Erie, during August 1991. Collectors were deployed for 24–72 h, thus minimizing growth of recruits during deployments. Size criteria determined through an in situ growth experiment were used to discriminate between individuals arriving at a collector as (1) settling larvae or (2) postmetamorphic stages. During certain periods, 20–80% of individuals settling on collectors were postmetamorphic stages. Plankton samples taken near collectors also confirmed the presence of postmetamorphic stages in the water column. Most drifting juveniles ranged from about 300 μm shell length to 800 μm (some up to 1–2 mm). Although settlement by postmetamorphic stages occurred during various periods, they drifted and settled on collect...


Recognition and management of the sick child can generate significant challenges and anxiety for the clinician assessing children presenting with acute medical problems. The shear breadth of differential diagnoses, as well as the pressures of minimizing avoidable hospital admission, can seem daunting. The commonest presentations are detailed in this chapter, with the initial management steps required to stabilization.


We documented the physiological responses of captive-raised red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to capture in box (i. e., live) traps. The behavior of captured foxes was video recorded, and heart rate and body temperature were monitored via radio telemetry throughout an 8-hour restraint period. Endocrine, biochemical, hematological, and pathological samples were collected. Responses of foxes caught in box traps were compared to the responses reported by Kreeger at al. (1990c) for untrapped (i.e., control) foxes and foxes caught in padded- and unpadded-jaw foothold traps. Heart rate and body temperature increased after foxes were caught in box traps, but never significantly exceeded mean pretrapped levels. Foxes caught in box traps were physically active for 35.7±8.8 (SE)% of the restraint period. The majority of this activity consisted of pacing in the trap. Foxes caught in box traps had higher (P<0.003) adrenocorticotropin and cortisol values than untrapped foxes, and lower (P<0.001) β-endorphin and cortisol levels than foxes caught in foothold traps. Bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels for foxes caught in box traps were elevated (P<0.01) above levels of untrapped foxes. Foxes caught in box traps had lower (P<0.004) alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels than foxes caught in foothold traps. Because foxes caught in box and padded-jaw foothold traps had no limb damage, the observed biochemical differences between animals caught in these traps were likely due to psychogenic factors associated with limb restraint and differences in the intensity of exertion (i.e., pacing vs. digging). Hematological profiles of foxes caught in box traps or foothold traps were similar, but trapped foxes had higher (P<0.01) leukocyte counts and significant neutrophilia and lymphopenia compared to untrapped foxes. The gross and histopathological findings for foxes caught in box and foot hold traps were generally similar. Foxes caught in box traps had higher (P<0.05) incidences of adrenal and renal congestion and lung hemorrhage than did untrapped foxes. We conclude that factors associated with limb restraint directly contribute to the trauma experienced by trapped red foxes and, therefore, foxes caught in box traps undergo less trauma than foxes that are restrained by a limb in a padded- or unpadded-jaw foothold trap


Ecological degradation in the mining areas are greatly aggravated in recent decades. Ecological restoration has become the primary measure for the sustainable development, espcially in Shanxi Province where mine industry has been one of the pillar industies. Therefore, regulations were initiated to reclaim abandoned coal mining areas for agriculture and forestry in 2006. The vegetation and soil physicochemical characterics are often considered as the basic knowledge for assessing the effects of mining reclaimaed measures. However, soil carbon dynamics and enzyme activies still remain poorly understood. In this paper, we tested the effects of different regeneration scenarios and fertilizer treatments on soil organic carbon mineralization and enzyme actives in reclaimed opencast mining areas. Ecological reconstruction was initiated on the abandoned land in Xiaoyi mining area under four regeneration scenarios including Lotus corniculatus, Medicago sativa grasslands, Pinus tabulaeformis plantation, and Salix matsudana鄄Sabina chinensis mixed forest treated by different fertilizations including no, inorganic, organic and combination of inorganic and organic fertilizer added to soils. We analyzed the effects of regeneration scenarios and fertilizer treatments on oil organic carbon dynamics and enzyme actives, and the relationships between soil enzyme actives and different active carbon through quantitative ecology method. The major findings of the dissertation are as follows: (1) Soil organic carbon mineralization potential and cumulative carbon from herb regenerations were lower than from tree ones. Under same regeneration scenario, the order of soil organic carbon mineralization potential was no < inorganic fertilizer < inorganic + organic fertilizer < organic fertilizer. Especially, the


This project presents the study and simulation of Free Space Optics (FSO)
communication link and analysis of FSO system performance. Free Space Optics
(FSO) also called Optical Wireless (OW) is regarded as high speed wireless
communication technology due to the security and high data rates. FSO
communication system involves the transmission of modulated optical signal through
the atmosphere to obtain broadband communications. FSO systems can function over
distances of several kilometers. As long as there is a clear line of sight between the
source and the destination, and enough transmitter power, communication is
theoretically possible. It offers an attractive alternative for transferring highbandwidth
data when fiber optic cable is neither practical nor feasible. However the
performance of a FSO link is primarily dependent upon the atmospheric weather
effects such as atmospheric attenuation, scintillation, window attenuation, alignment
or building motion, solar interference and line-of-sight obstruction. OptiSystem and
MATLAB are used as simulation tool to simulate the atmospheric weather effects.
The result of simulation shows these effects attenuate the FSO signal as it travels
through a certain distances


Abstract : Because of a level DoD budget and the need to modernize the force, DoD is seeking ways to shift some operation and maintenance (OM (2) maintaining environmental quality; (3) administration and formulation of contracts; and (4) management support. The study found outsourcing was cheaper in three areas, in-house was cheaper in five, and the costs were similar in one area over a 4-year period.


We point out that the similarities in N=1 supersymmetric SO, SP gauge theories can be explained by using the trick of extrapolating the groups to the negative dimensions. One of the advantages of this trick is that anomaly matching is automatically satisfied. We also give a comment on the problem which one encounters when applying the trick of negative-dimensional group to Spin group duality.


The quality of spell checkers depends on the applied method of constructing and maintaining their databases. The size of the database may limit the achievable quality. The present article discusses the methodology of the objective evaluation of spell checkers and the theoretical limits of testing. It attempts to compare the available programs impartially, and to show the advantages of the applied methods used for the construction of linguistic databases. Finally, it reviews the directions of possible improvement.


Assisted living (AL) technologies, enabled by technical advances such as the advent of the Internet-of-Things, are increasingly gaining importance in our ageing society. This article discusses the potential of future high-accuracy localization systems as a key component of AL applications. Accurate location information can be tremendously useful to realize, e.g., behavioral monitoring, fall detection, and real-time assistance. Such services are expected to provide older adults and people with disabilities with more independence and thus to reduce the cost for caretaking. Total cost of ownership and ease of installation are paramount to make sensor systems for AL viable. In case of a radio-based indoor localization system, this implies that a conventional solution is unlikely to gain widespread adoption because of its requirement to install multiple fixed nodes (anchors) in each room. This paper therefore places its focus on (i) discussing radiolocalization methods that reduce the required infrastructure by exploiting information from reflected multipath components and (ii) showing that knowledge about the propagation environment enables localization with high accuracy and robustness. It is demonstrated that new millimeter-wave (mmwave) technology, under investigation for 5G communications systems, will be able to provide cm-accuracy indoor localization in a robust manner, ideally suited for AL.


A standardised methodology for a combined point prevalence survey (PPS) on healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use, developed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was used in this analysis.
Variables were collected at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb Croatia from 1 July to 13 July 2010. A patient-based protocol was used.
Out of 1590 surveyed patients, 10,82% had HAI. The highest prevalence of HAI was observed in intensive care units with 42,88%. Urinary tract infection represented the most common type of HAI and presented 33,72% of all HAI. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Application of antimicrobial use in determining the prevalence of HAI is highly sensitive (83,14%) and low specificity (29,8%) method.
Application of microbiological findings in determining the prevalence of HAI is low sensitive (59,2%) and low specificity (48,75%), however we must emphasize that the swabs were taken in 75% of cases and were positive in only 59.2%. Application of antimicrobial use and microbiological findings in determining the prevalence of HAI are well sensitive (72,06%) and low specificity (33,67%) methods, but combination of these two methods, significantly contributes the methodology in determining the prevalence of hospital infections and saves time of healthcare workers.


Judy Blume's Forever is a cultural artifact that gives readers a historical look at society's attitudes about sex and sexuality at the time of publication in 1975. However, in the #MeToo era, Blume's text is poised for new analysis in light of important conversations and concerns about sex, sexuality, and consent. In this article, Critical Youth Studies and Queer Theory are used to explore the ways in which young readers can critically engage with Blume's novel and questions about virginity, sex, sexuality, and consent associated with the #MeToo movement.


According to Follis (2001:37), "Without people (or human resources) organisations would not be able to function and deliver their products or services to their customers". In addition to the important role that people play, Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs) are designed to enable management to build the productivity capacity of each individual in the organisation (Malatji, 2001:34). It is therefore essential that the human resource sector of organisations is managed and developed in order to optimise the individual and group capacity of human resources to reach these organisational objectives and personal goals


Research background and hypothesis. Our research novelty was the validation of the use of the method of Ultrasound Imaging to measure the changes in the size of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the multifidus muscle, performing  exercises  for  lumbar  stability.  Stabilization  exercises  have  been  designed  in  order  to  enhance  the neuromuscular control system correct the dysfunction.Research aim. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of core stability exercise for cross-sectional area of lumbar multifidus muscle and physical capacity for elderly women.Research methods. The elderly women (n = 22) were in occupations involving light or no manual work and did not take part in sports. CSA of the multifidus muscle was measured from L2 to L5 vertebral segments. These measures were taken with ultrasound "TITAN TM " (SonoSite, USA). For the assessment of physical capacity we estimated the women's static strength endurance of back muscles and dynamic strength endurance of abdominal muscles. The tests were done three times: the first testing occurred before exercises for training lumbar stability, the second – after four months, and the third – after eight months of applying exercises for training lumbar stability.Research results. The results of study showed that after eight months of stability exercises, the subjects had significantly larger right side multifidus CSA than before practice  – 9.01 ± 1.1, the left side of the lumbar multifidus muscle was 8.23 ± 0.9 (p < 0.05). After the evaluation of physical capacity we revealed that after eight moths it was 97.6 ± 2.8 s (very good), compared to the values before the research (25.4 ± 9.2) (p < 0.05).Discussion  and  conclusions.  After  the  core  stabilization  exercise  program  multifidus  CSA  values  were significantly larger than before practice, multifidus muscle asymmetry  decreased. Physical activity programs adapted to the elderly women increased their physical capacities.Keywords: lumbar stability, physical activity programs, age.


The fiber-reinforced inorganic matrix (FRIM) composite is a new type of composite, which has many economical and performance advantages. Beside the direct shear and bending tests, the tensile tests form an integral part in determining the mechanical properties of these composites. In this paper, to understand the tensile behavior of the FRIM composites, some strip specimens of the composites were tested which were clamped at the both ends, and the strains were measured using the extensometers installed at the middle of each strip. The inorganic matrix composites studied in this paper were constructed using two types of steel and glass fibers together with two different types of inorganic lime and geopolymer mortars. The results of direct tensile tests showed that the inorganic geopolymer mortars had the higher potential to increase the tensile load bearing of the specimens compared with the lime mortars. In addition, in most cases, the maximum values of stress, strain and the stiffness at the final stage of response in the tensile tests of composites were consistent with the results reported from the tensile test of textile fibers without the mortar. Moreover, clamping specimens by applying sufficient compressive force prevents slipping of fibers within the surrounding mortar.


The IceCube experiment (IC) has recently observed 2 cascade events with energies between 1 and 10 PeV. This energy combined with the fact that no muon-track events are observed may be interpreted as a cosmogenic $\bar \nu_e$ interacting in IC via the Glashow resonance (GR) $\bar \nu_e e \to W^-\to$ (hadrons or $\bar \nu_e e$). We point out a unique, background-free signature of the GR, a single isolated muon unaccompanied by any shower activity from the interaction $\bar \nu_e e \to W^-\to \bar \nu_\mu \mu^-$, and propose it as a test of this interpretation. We calculate the event numbers and find that a single such event is expected over about a three-year period in IC. We also show that, if event rates remain at their current levels then, even with the GR, standard cosmogenic fluxes cannot easily explain the observations. Moreover, if muon-tracks remain conspicuous by their absence, then new physics needs to be invoked. As example scenarios in conformity with the observations, we calculate event rates for neutrino decay and Lorentz-invariance violation.


An investigation was carried out with ten pre-breeding lines of F4 generation of green long brinjal derived from the cross Green Long x IIHR-3 to study the interfamily variability for nine different growth and yield parameters. High PCV and GCV estimates was found only for average fruit weight in interfamily variability studies indicating there is lack of high variability between the average performance of segregating lines for these characters. Low PCV and GCV were recorded for plant height, days to 50 percent flowering, fruit length and fruit breadth. Moderate PCV and GCV was noticed for number of branches per plant, days to first flowering, number of fruits per plant and yield per plant. But the narrow difference between PCV and GCV indicated low environment effect. High heritability coupled with high GA and GAM was observed for yield per plant indicates predominant role of additive gene action. Whereas high heritability with high GAM was recorded for other traits like average fruit weight and number of fruits per plant. Estimation of percent bacterial wilt incidence in each family revealed that five lines viz., 12-36-170-11, 12-36-46-3, 12-36-170-9, 12-36-170-19 and 12-36-46-6 were found to be resistant.


In this article author explores specific traits and development trends of modern Russian political landscape. In particular, it is concluded that systemic and non-systemic oppositional forces are gradually losing their independent entity, largely because of established at the moment so-called «Crimea consensus» and also due to other important reasons.


Abdominal distension is a symptom of functional gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and it's marked by a rise in abdominal pressure and a noticeable increase in total abdominal diameter. Abdominal bloating, which is essentially a subjective feeling of abdominal heaviness, is often followed by abdominal distension, which is an objective symptom. Bloating and distension both cause irritation and a burning feeling, lowering one's quality of life. According to an epidemiological survey, the average prevalence of bloating and distension is 19 percent and 9 percent, respectively, in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Patients with IBS and functional dyspepsia are more likely to have both bloating and distension, according to another US study, while bloating without distension is more common in patients with functional constipation. The prune-belly syndrome is characterised by abdominal distension combined with abdominal muscular hypoplasia, allowing the bowel loops to be seen clearly. Unless there is a urethral-visceral fistula or a patent urachus, other common findings include features of the Potter sequence due to oligohydramnios. The usual appearance on ultrasound of a dumbbell-shaped bladder or "keyhole sign," identifiable both in utero and postnatally, is due to marked posterior urethral dilation caused by obstruction at the membraneous urethra.Abnormal somatic postural tone causes abdominal distention. We created an original biofeedback technique based on electromyography-guided abdominothoracic muscular activity regulation. We conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to show that biofeedback is superior to placebo in the treatment of abdominal distention. Accepted Date April 21, 2021


......................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... viii CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Literature Review ....................................................................................... 3 Community of Practice .................................................................... 3 Identity ............................................................................................ 9 Politeness Theory ......................................................................... 13 Humor Analysis ............................................................................. 18 CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY Location ................................................................................................... 24 Participants .............................................................................................. 27 Data Collection ........................................................................................ 31 Data Analysis ........................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER THREE: FINDINGS .......................................................................... 37 Practices Established by the Founders .................................................... 38 Teasing and Humor ....................................................................... 38 Smooth and Coarse Interaction .................................................... 47 Trajectories of Newcomers ...................................................................... 60 CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION


A quench tank must contain sufficient fluid to quench the load without an excessive rise in temperature of the quenching fluid. This brief article describes the basics of sizing quench tanks for immersion quenching and offers a methodology for sizing the temperature-control system.


Fungal delignification can be a feasible process to pretreat biomass for bioethanol production if its performance is improved in terms of efficiency through a few modifications. The aim of this study was to enhance the biodelignification pretreatment of rice straw using laccase in the presence of ionic liquid (1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [AMIM]Cl) or surfactant (TritonX-100). Addition of 750 mg/L [AMIM]Cl and 500 mg/L TritonX-100 increases the lignin removal to 18.49% and 31.79%, which is higher than that of laccase only (11.97%). The enzymatic saccharification process was carried out based on different strategies. The highest cellulose conversion, 40.96%, 38.24%, and 37.91%, was obtained after 72 h of enzymatic saccharification when the substrate was washed with distilled water after pretreatment of rice straw with laccase + TritonX-100, laccase + [AMIM]Cl, and laccase only, respectively. In addition, the morphology and structure changes of pretreated and untreated rice straw were studied. Both surface area and cellulose crystallinity are substantially altered after laccase + [AMIM]Cl and laccase + TritonX-100 pretreatment. Enhanced saccharification efficiency of rice straw was achieved by laccase pretreatment with ionic liquid or surfactant in a single system.


Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal diseases that originate from hematopoietic stem cells. The recurrence and development of MDS is a multi-step pathological process. Genetic mutations and epigenetic abnormalities are closely related to the initiation of MDS. Mutations in U2AF1 are identified as a higher frequency in MDS, which will lead to abnormal recognition of the pre-mRNA 3′splice site (3′SS) by the spliceosome and result in aberrant mRNA. Recently, intensive studies have shown that U2AF1 mutations are likely to be the early events of MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and patients with U2AF1 mutations have an inherent transformation to leukemia and low survival rate. Considering U2AF1 mutations and related molecular changes contributes to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with MDS. This review mainly discusses the molecular mechanisms of U2AF1 mutations and its functional significance, in order to provide theoretical basis to accelerate the discovery of new targeted treatments for MDS.

Key words:
Myelodysplastic syndromes; Splicing factor U2AF; Spliceosomes; Mutation; Prognosis


An analytical model of helicopter rotor/airframe coupled system with fuselage state feedback is presented,and the effects of feedback coefficients on the helicopter ground resonance stability are investigated.By Floquet theory and transition matrix technology,the modal frequency and damping values are resoluted and verified by numerical simulations for nonlinear model. Analytical results show that the regressive lag modal damping levels can be increased efficiently with fuselage roll state feedback introduced.However,the excessive roll amplitude feedback coefficients may result in significant decrements of helicopter dynamic stability while the regressive flap mode becomes dominant and unstable.The phenomenon arises physically from rotor flapping and fuselage mutual excitations in phase.


Xiaqiao Hydropower Station is built at where it is complex in topography and geology.Most part of the area is covered by silicate rocks with developed karst,characterized in karst peak cluster and depression.As serious seepage is found at dam foundation and dam abutment for there is well developed karst at the river bed and on two river banks,curtain grouting is carried out in grout hole and grouting gallery at dam foundation.Such solution yields favorable results,and ensures effective impoundment of the reservoir and normal operation of the station,referential for anti-seepage engineering at dam foundation where there is karst.


The CHORUS open microkernel technology is being extended to address the specific needs of real-time embedded systems. This effort results from a concerted action between telecommunication systems manufacturers, hardware technology providers, and Chorus Systems. It is performed in the context of the STREAM project, supported by the European Union Esprit Program. This paper outlines the decomposition of the CHORUS open microkernel into a family of upward compatible system components intended to support a fully scaleable open operating system, as required by modern telecommunications and other embedded systems. Instances of the resulting CHORUS open microkernel family will range from a primitive 10 K nanokernel comprising a simple core executive, with flat memory management, up to a fully functional microkernel able to support transparently distributed market-standard UNIX implementations.


The dictionary learning (or sparse coding) problem plays an important role in signal processing, neuroscience, statistics and machine learning. Given a collection of vectors, the goal is to learn a basis with respect to which all the given vectors have a sparse representation. In this work, we study the testing analogue of this problem.
Roughly speaking, the dictionary testing problem is to decide whether a given collection of vectors can be approximately transformed into sparse vectors. More precisely, given as input vectors $ y_1, \ldots, y_p \in R^d$, we want to distinguish between the following two cases (for some choice of parameters):
(i) YES case: There exist a matrix $A \in R^{d \times m}$ satisfying RIP and $k$-sparse unit vectors $x_1, \ldots, x_p \in R^m$ such that $y_i = A x_i$ for all $i$.
(ii) NO case: There does not exist $k'$-sparse unit vectors $x_1, \ldots, x_p \in R^{m}$ and $A \in R^{d \times m}$ satisfying RIP such that $(A x_1, \ldots, A x_p)$ is "close" to $(y_1, \ldots, y_p)$.
Note that unlike known results in provable dictionary learning, there is no assumption on the distribution of $x_1, \dots, x_p$ in the YES case. The goal is to design an efficient algorithm that can distinguish the above two cases using linear queries, i.e., inner products of the input vectors with vectors of our choice.
Our tester is very simple and efficient: it outputs YES iff the gaussian width of the input is sufficiently small. The analysis of the test can be viewed as giving a robust characterization of gaussian width in terms of sparsity. The number of linear queries made by the tester is independent of the dimension.


Recently, many people are talking about the power of mobile marketing and it has been suggested that it will become one of the major marketing tools in the future. Amidst increasing concerns on privacy issues, a new directive on handling customers' private details in the electronic communication sector has been carried out by the European Union. These elements have alerted marketers to realize the importance of getting their customers' permission before using their details in mobile marketing campaigns. Studies also found that customers are more willing to provide their personal data to a trusted company than the one without trust. In this paper, we will investigate the correlation between different trust factors and customers' willingness to give their personal information to mobile marketers in Finland.


Image segmentation plays a crucial role in object-based remote sensing information extraction. This study improves the existing mean shift (MS) algorithm for segmenting high resolution remote sensing imagery by adopting two strategies. First, a pixel-based, fixed bandwidth and weighted MS algorithm is applied to cluster the image. In this process, the space bandwidth is selected according to the resolution of remote sensing images, and the range bandwidths of each band are calculated based on grey feature and the plug-in rule. Gaussian kernels are used for clustering. Second, a region-based MS algorithm is applied to globally merge modes which are obtained in the first step. The spatial and range bandwidths are adaptively adjusted based on the clustering result of the first step. Experimental results with two Quickbird images show that the improved algorithm is superior to the typical MS algorithm, producing high precision and requiring less operation time.


The physics reach and feasibility of the Future Circular Colliders (FCC) are currently being investigated in the form of Conceptual Design Reports. The ultimate goal of FCC is to collide protons with a centre-of-mass energies of 100 TeV, thus extending the reach of the current HEP facilities. This high-energy regime opens new opportunities for the discovery of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), but also for precise measurement of fundamental parameters of the SM. Following the LEP/LHC model, it is obvious that the first collider that should be operated, is an electron-positron machine, FCC-ee. It aims at collecting multi-ab$^{-1}$ integrated luminosities in $e^+e^-$ collisions at different center--of--mass energies, yielding $10^{12}$ Z bosons, $10^8$ W$^{+}$W$^{-}$ pairs, $10^6$ Higgs bosons and $10^6$ $t\bar{t}$ pairs. In these proceedings we explore the physics reach of the proton-proton Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) for searches of new particles decaying to two high energetic leptons $l^{+}l^{-}$ ($l=e, \mu, \tau)$, jets (non-tops), tops and W/Z boson. We discuss the expected exclusion limits and discovery potential for benchmark models predicting new massive particles that result in resonant structures in the invariant mass spectrum. The study is based on large statistic samples of generated events processed through a parametric simulation of the expected performance of an FCC-hh detector. The center--of--mass energy of $\sqrt{s} =100$ TeV makes it the ultimate machine for such new heavy particles, and studying their characteristics is also extremely relevant to discuss the main limitations of the detector to precisely discriminate high energetic top-quarks or W/Z bosons from standard QCD-jets.


The acoustic source strength distribution in a turbulent flow field was measured for two far field microphones at 45 deg above and below the plane of the flap surface. A processed signal from an inclined hot-film anemometry probe was cross correlated with the signal from the appropriate far field microphone. The contribution made by the sources associated with the fluctuating pressure on the flap surface to the sound received at far field microphone was estimated by cross correlating the processed signals of microphones which were embedded in the flap surface with the far field microphone signals. In addition, detailed fluid dynamic measurements were made in the flow field of the jet flap using dual sensor hot-film anemometry probes.


Objective: To explore the characteristics and advantages of external treatment of vitiligo by Chinese medicine. Methods: By studying the etiology and pathogenesis of the pathogenesis of vitiligo and comparing the current status of the treatment of the disease with traditional Chinese medicine, the characteristics of vitiligo treated with traditional Chinese medicine were analyzed. Results: It was clinically proven that the external use of Chinese medicine for the treatment of vitiligo is relatively effective compared to Western medicine treatment and internal medicine for the treatment of this disease. It can enhance the curative effect when used externally. Conclusion: The external treatment method has the characteristics of specimens, enhanced efficacy, direct access to the disease, simple and easy, and stable curative effect. The external preparations of traditional Chinese medicine have fewer side effects and have remarkable effects in the treatment of vitiligo. Vitiligo is a common skin disease caused by depigmentation of the skin. The symptoms are skin paleness and pigmentation, and the boundaries between normal skin and lesions are clear [1]. The incidence of vitiligo is more common, but the higher the skin color is, the higher the incidence of the race is, and the younger people have a higher incidence than the middle-aged and older people. In the later stages of the development of vitiligo disease, many serious diseases will be merged. The occurrence of this disease is easy to diagnose, but it is relatively difficult in the treatment process [2]. This article elaborates on the etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo, the current status of treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and the characteristics of external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, and hopes to provide some help for clinical treatment of vitiligo.


Learning Communities allow students with shared academic interests and experiences to come together to discern options in pre-professional study. The seminars and co-curricular activities are designed and offered through the EDGE to strengthen the candidacy of Creighton students as they prepare for the graduate/professional school application process. All Learning Communities provide students with opportunities for mentoring, shadowing and networking with pre-professional students, faculty and alumni.


This paper presents an automated approach for the classification of vegetation in natural environments based on high resolution aerial imagery acquired by a low flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Standard colour and texture descriptors are extracted on a frame by frame basis to build a representation of appearance, which is probabilistically classified by a novel multi-class generalisation of the Gaussian Process (GP) developed for this work. A GP approach was selected for probabilistic outputs, and the ability to automatically determine the relevance of each input dimension to each of the C classes in the problem. When learning hyperparameters from N training examples, the new formulation scales at O(N3), rather than O(CN3) for the standard one-vs-all approach. The novel classification framework is trained and validated on a set of manual labels, and then queried to visualise a map of vegetation type under the UAV flight path. Mapping results are presented for a region of farmland in Northern Queensland, Australia that is infested with two invasive introduced tree species.


Routing protocol has been a challenging issue in the design of wireless sensor networks. This paper presents an improving LEACH protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. The new protocol consists of a number of rounds. The wireless sensor networks have some sensor nodes that have greater power and transmission capability than other nodes. Both ordinary nodes and heterogeneous nodes are distributed respectively in a sensing area that is divided into a number of equilateral hexagons called clusters, each of which consists of six equilateral triangles called cells. After forming the clusters, they do not change in all latter rounds. Each equilateral triangle has the same number nodes, both heterogeneous nodes and ordinary nodes, and then each equilateral hexagon has the same number nodes too. The protocol selects a heterogeneous node that is at the cluster center as the cluster head in all clusters. The pairwise keys between nodes are established through utilizing the concept of the overlap key sharing and the random key pre-distribution scheme. Moreover, all ordinary nodes send their messages to their cluster heads after authenticating those messages. The data are sent to the base station in a manner of multi-jumping along a routing path consisting of cluster heads. The arithmetic balances energy expense among all kinds of nodes, saves the node energy, and prolongs the life of wireless sensor networks. Additionally, analysis demonstrates that the connectivity and security of wireless sensor networks have been improved obviously with some heterogeneous nodes.


Vehicle driving safety is an important performance indicator for vehicles, and there is still much room for development in the active safety control of electric vehicles. Vehicles are susceptible to rollover when making sharp turns or overtaking at high speed. In order to improve the anti-rollover stability of electric vehicles (EV), this study proposes a real-time motor control strategy, mainly according to the acquisition of vehicle attitude data and real-time monitoring of the vehicle's operating state. The lateral load transfer rate was defined as the vehicle rollover evaluation index. When the real-time rollover indicator exceeded the limit safety threshold this article set, the motor speed would be reduced through active control to avoid rollover or reduce the risk of rollover. Both simulation results in Carsim and Simulink showed that the motor control strategy is highly reliable and real-time capable, and the active safety of EV was improved significantly.


There is a normative position to designate secularisation thesis purely apolitical entity; and this article attempts to shed light on this mountain high debate to understand the extent to which secularisation can be called a complete separation of religious and political. This article argues that since both religion and politics are not completely apolitical entities, therefore the complete separation of secularisation thesis has not been achieved. Maintaining the historical differentiations and cultural contexts of different countries, this research says that secularisation is best to understand from contextual and localised perspectives. Secularisation thesis does not even need to be understood as a complete separation, instead it is a process to establish an inclusive society through establishing religious freedom for all. Besides, this research also contributed in epistemological realm through providing an alternative lens of studying secularisation and showed how this approach can help to study different genre of secularism practised in the USA, France and Bangladesh.


Pluralism, sharing authority, appreciation for diverse worldviews are phrases coupled with good will, addressing conflict, and teaching against torture in the articles in this issue of Religious Education. The educators whose articles are here published constructively and creatively seek to understand pluralism, to educate for living in and appreciating diversity, and to ground efforts of addressing conflict and injustice in religious convictions and practical theology. These issues are at the heart of the Religious Education Association. Variations of them have been part of conversations throughout our history. Concerns about religious education and pluralism have increased in the articles submitted to the journal. Many share wisdom about religious education—as we learn from each other. Moreover, their authors ground that reflection on pluralism within the deepest religious convictions and theologies of their traditions. The best of the submissions move beyond a surface encouragement of appreciating diversity to specifically addressing the purposes of education and the integrity of faith traditions. The best offer concrete practices of faithfulness, integrity, transformation, and justice. The best explore openness, pluralism, and diversity with nuance and depth. They engage the reality of differences, the depth of faith traditions and histories, and the variety of educational practices. The journal invites essays that emulate the best—concretely and thoroughly addressing these issues. Contributing to this dialogue enhances the ways the Religious Education Association can impact public dialogue about the constructive roles of religious faith. Along with the authors of the articles in this issue, I thank Fernando Cascante for introducing us to the reflection on interfaith dialogue and pluralism of Latin American liberation theologians. He has pointed us to a rich set of new resources with cultural integrity and theological depth. Karen-Marie Yust helps us remember the creative career and contributions of Dr. Sara Little—a major voice and leader in our field. Also, the book reviews introduce us to important reflections about why faith matters to the wider community that we share. Again, we invite your submissions, from our various communities of faith, to religious education in the midst of pluralism. As always,


An "experimental design" methodology was applied to optimize the chromatographic separation and quantitative determination of six anthelmintics levamisole (LEV), thiabendazole (THI), mebendazole (MEB), albendazole (ALB), praziquantel (PRA) and niclosamide (NICL) by HPLC. Based on the "Crossed D-Optimal" criterion, the participation of three mixed solvents in the mobile phase (methanol, water and acetonitrile) was investigated, since binary systems presented low chromatographic resolution. Furthermore, this approach provides an opportunity to use a crossover design to study the effects of other chromatographic parameters, such as pH, which is considered important for achieving optimal results. Sample analysis was carried out on an HS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm) 5 μm at 40 °C and the detection was performed with both a UV-diode array detector and an ELSD (Evaporative Light Scattering Detector). The mobile phase consists of an aqueous ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.5; 0.05 M), acetonitrile and methanol (40 : 37 : 23, v/v/v) with 1 mL min−1 flow rate. The system was found to produce sharp and well resolved peaks for all analytes with their retention times ranging from 3.5 to 13.0 min. Linear regression analysis for the calibration curves showed a good relationship with regression coefficients higher than 0.999 for the UV detector and 0.997 for the ELSD respectively. The proposed method was validated and proven to be accurate, precise, reproducible and suitable for routine analyses.


Every great contribution to knowledge begins with the realization that there is a simple question that no one is asking; more accurately, perhaps, that no one is asking appropriately. Once the question is asked appropriately the importance of the question becomes obvious. This is the nature of genius. It was so in the case of Hegel and it was so in the case of Marx. The simple question here is: what is the nature of change? This is the central subject matter of dialectics. Unfortunately, the simplicity of the question has belied the complexity of adequate answers. It is not simply clever wordplay to state that dialecticians disagree. The line of development from Hegel, through Marx, Engels, Lenin, Ilyenkov, and more recently, Christopher Arthur's The New Dialectic and Marx's Capital and Roy Bhaskar's Dialectic: The Pulse of Freedom is a crooked one, if only because interlocutors dispute whether in fact each is a development and a more adequate answer.2 This problem of heat and light has been compounded over the last few decades by the unfortunate relegation of Marxist theory to (mixing metaphors) the academic backwaters.3 The journal Historical Materialism in particular has had some success in addressing this tendency. Yet it remains the case that the disciplinary basis of modern academia is a hostile one for Marxists. As such, since Marxists have been the main proponents of dialectics, the latter has also declined


Anatomy and art are often synonymous with each other, with celebrated artists such as Leonardo Da Vinci producing not just spectacular art works but, also sharing knowledge through his productions. The public curiosity with anatomy and what lies beneath has not dwindled in the centuries since Da Vinci. Anatomists in medical schools may not perform public dissections as in days gone by, but they are still at the forefront of outreach and public engagement and require a diverse repertoire for such activity.