Simple Summary Little is known about the differences between indoor and outdoor cat management practices. Thus, our study investigated whether Brazilian cat owners' management types were related to other cat care practices, the quality of human-animal interactions and cat welfare. We used social networks to distribute an online survey to cat owners. This survey included questions regarding owners' sociodemographic data, type of management applied, cat care practices, and cat health and behavioral problems, as possible consequences of the management type. A total of 16,302 cat owners responded. Most (74.78%) owners reported providing indoor management for their cats; this corresponded to owners who lived in apartments and provided more cat care practices and interactions with their pets. Outdoor management was related to cats residing in farms or houses, sleeping outdoors, and having less interaction with their owners. We concluded that owners practicing indoor management were more likely to be closer to their cats than those reporting outdoor management, suggesting that the former may have more advantages related to closer human-animal relationships. It was noted, however, that indoor management was associated with obesity and owner-reported behavioral problems. Abstract The quality of cat care practices depends in part on the type of management applied, which either positively or negatively impacts cat welfare. This study investigated whether the type of cat management (indoor vs. outdoor) was related to other cat care practices adopted by cat owners, associated with the quality of human-cat relationships and cat welfare. An online survey was distributed via social networks. Descriptive statistics, categorical Principal Component Analysis, Fisher's Exact test and Chi-square test in contingency table were applied. A total of 16,302 cat owners returned the survey. Most Brazilian owners reported indoor management of their cats; this was related to owners living in apartments, more frequent use of cat care practices, and more interactions with their pets. Outdoor management was related to cats living in houses or farms, sleeping outdoors or around the neighborhood, and owners had fewer interaction with their pets. In conclusion, owners practicing indoor management seemed to be closer to their cats than owners reporting outdoor management. However, obesity and owner-reported behavioral problems were associated with indoor management.


The purpose of the study is to identify the core mechanism of how social networking sites use happens in the perspective of contextual factors and then examine the cultural difference in the motives for using social networking sites between China and Pakistan university students. An instrument was designed to calculate the various aspect factors and social networking use intention by using the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the information success model (ISSM). A survey was administered among university students of China and Pakistan. The purposed model was empirically tested by PLS-SEM to examine the influential factors on the use of social networking sites. To the best of our knowledge, there is no cross-cultural published study associated with contextual factors effecting use of social networking sites between China and Pakistan. Our findings show that there are indeed important learning and network factors that lead to social networking sites. This paper examines how cultural perspectives shape the use of communication technology by examining the patterns of using social network sites among university students in China and Pakistan. The results of the study show that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, perceived interaction and system use have positive and direct effect on the intention to use social networking sites for information communication. More interestingly, the use of such social networking factors varies sharply across countries with different market-based institutions.


The adsorption on clay particles, the interfacial activity, and the fluorescence of polyalcohols JLX are studied to acquire some understanding of their functioning mechanisms in water base drilling fluid(shale inhibition and borehole stabilzation, lubrication, and reservoir formation protection). The adsorption of JLX(nonionic copolymers of low molecular weight) on clayparticles is notably influenced by varying temperature. At temperaturescloud point(31℃) the adsorption increases with temperature and phase separation occurs in solution and leads to formation of protective adsorbed bydrophobic JLX film on the clay particles. JLX introduced into a drilling fluid can reduce the interfacial tension between the drilling fluid filtrate and oil and thus helps in reservoir formation protection. The fluorescence grade and toxicity of JLX are low.


Yossi Alpher's book Periphery is an extraordinary attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Israeli strategy aimed at forging alliances with non-Arab states and minorities in the greater Middle East, as well as with remote Arab states, in order to break the isolation inflicted on Israel due to the Arab–Israeli conflict. The plan, although never precisely articulated (p. 4), was implemented during the first three decades of Israel's existence and lost some of its appeal after the Iranian Revolution and the signing of the peace treaty with Egypt, both in 1979.


DEAP-3600 is a dark matter direct detection experiment in SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). This single-phase detector consists of 3.3 tonnes of liquid argon, viewed by an array of 255 photomultiplier tubes through 50 cm of acrylic. The collaboration has recently released dark matter search results from the first year of running (Nov. 2016 to Oct. 2017), with a total live time of 231 days. These proceedings detail the analysis underlying these results, including the development of a background model, which constitute the most sensitive search performed with a LAr target for WIMPs with a mass greater than 30 GeV.


Introduction: Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) the bicarbonate supplier causes acidification of the red blood cell hence triggering the dissociation of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin. Mutant hemoglobin S favors sickling in this hypoxic state. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma levels of CA II in known cases of sickle cell disease and to compare them with gender matched healthy controls. Materials and methods: 40 participants were enrolled for the present case-controlled study with age ranging from 6 months to 12 years. After assessment of complete blood count, sickling and hemoglobin electrophoresis, CAII levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: The mean carbonic anhydrase levels were significantly elevated in children who suffered from sickle cell disease compared to healthy controls (p=0.0001). Carbonic anhydrase II mean levels was significantly enhanced in children who suffered from the clinical complications of sickle cell disease compared to healthy controls (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Plasma CA II levels were significantly increased in children with sickle cell anemia. The mean carbonic anhydrase II levels were elevated in children with clinical complications of sickle cell anemia.


In this paper, the authors propose a circularly polarized printed antenna combining a slot array antenna and a patch antenna, with dual-band operation. The proposed antenna has good isolation performance, is compact, and has simple configuration. This antenna is composed of two parts, a patch antenna (for Rx) on the top, and a slot array antenna (for Tx) on the bottom, respectively. The element layout is such that the lower radiation element is not hidden by the upper one for wide observation angle. Hence, both radiation elements can naturally radiate the targeted polarization. Both slot array and patch antenna are fed by electromagnetically coupled microstrip line feed. With such a configuration, it is possible to efficiently obtain good isolation characteristics for both frequency bands. Furthermore, this antenna can be easily composed and it is not necessary to use any feeding pin or via hole. The target of this antenna is mobile communications applications such as mobile satellite communications, base-station of wireless LAN, etc. Here, the design techniques are discussed and the numerical and experimental analyses are presented.


The Coalition's small business policy A Small Business Agenda for the New Millennium, released before the last election, indicated that Commonwealth departments and agencies would publish annual regulatory plans. These will include information about regulations introduced or repealed over the previous calendar year, and information about future regulatory measures under consideration. Publication of a regulatory plan aims to make it easier for small business operators, business representative organisations and business advisers to obtain information about changes to regulation, and to improve their opportunities to contribute to the development of regulation. Annual regulatory plans may also be valuable tools for government organisations, both as a focus for strategic planning of regulatory activity, and as a means of keeping abreast of regulatory developments across all areas of government.


Popular culture is saturated with claims about a science of human life. Demographics are said to predict how we will vote; chemicals in our brains, who we'll date; game-like scenarios, how we'll spend our money; and genes, what we will think. This book explores this flood of scientism as it has spread in the last fifty years into almost all facets of daily existence. Readers will discover how popular pseudoscience has radically changed the world we live in, including spheres as different as dating, economics, politics, and artificial intelligence. The abuse of popular scientific authority has had catastrophic consequences, contributing to the 2008 financial crisis, the failure to predict the rise of Donald Trump, increased tensions between poor communities and the police, and the sidelining of nonscientific forms of knowledge and wisdom. But this book also shows a way out of the superstition and ideology of scientism. This book introduces readers to the "hermeneutic" or interpretive approach, which promises to free ordinary people from the tyranny of pseudoscience. An interpretive approach to human life offers a way to become a better reader of both the many claims to science around us and the cultural spaces we inhabit and help create.


The regioselective title reaction of stabilized phosphorus ylides with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes as well as in situ generated ketenes [from (XV)] affords highly functionalized skipped dienes and synthetically important homoallylic allenoates with flexible substitution pattern.


The classifications and characteristics used in deep-seal equipment materials were introuduced.The ceramic matrix composite was recommended specially.The fiber toughening,whisker toughening,particle toughening and the preparation techniques of the ceramic matrix composite were summarized.Meanwhile,the prospect of the development of the ceramic matrix composite was looked forward.


With the rapid growth of the global economy, Chinese logistics has developed a lot. The competition within modern logistics has transferred into supply chain competition. And the development of Chinese logistics leads many enterprises to build their own logistic center to decrease the cost and increase the efficiency of the supply chain. Among many factors, the uncertainty of logistics supply and demand has become the most important factor, which results in the low efficiency of logistics activities and the high cost of logistics. In conclusion, how to deal with the problem of logistics supply and demand is very important for supply chain management and the building of the rapidly response to the customers' demand. The paper aims at discussing what causes the uncertainty of logistics supply and demand and analyzes the reasons of logistics supply and demand imbalance in supply chain environment. The paper will provide a solution to deal with the logistics supply and demand imbalance from two aspects, which are the sharing of information and multi-echelon inventory.


Pre-employment program jockey is an agent who seeks a job for the community and obtains a fee from the services. The practice is particularly carried out related to the pre-employment card program launched by the government in 2020. This article describes the practice of pre-employment jockey and to analyze sharia economic law review on the profit. This article implemented qualitative research. The primary data were obtained through interview, observation and documentation, while the analysis was conducted descriptively. The research reveals that the jockey practice has assisted people to register pre-employment card program in 2020. The assistance consisted of account registration, training, and filling survey. The incentive given to the approved people is IDR 3.550.000 but the transparency about the exact number is not precisely informed to the account owner. It can be more than the said amount or, even worse, the jockey got more incentive. This is inappropriate in sharia economic law. Ijarah principles are not applied here because there is no transparency, the willingness of account owner and justice; instead, the service contains ghulûl (corruption) and gharâr (scam) done by the jockey since what they did can be included as treason.


We evaluate the effectiveness of a dictionary-based cross-language text retrieval technique which uses a two-way dictionary for translating queries from their original language into the language of the text documents. As can be expected, the translated queries are not as effective as queries formulated by the users using the same language as the text documents. We then apply a local-feedback technique to expand the translated queries in order to improve their retrieval effectiveness. Our empirical results show that the technique is effective for English-Indonesian and Indonesian-English cross-language retrieval.


The injection molded Fe sintered bodies were fabricated using two kinds of nano Fe powders, Fe-5%vol.ZrO2 and Fe-10vol.%ZrO2 powders. The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties depending on the ZrO2 contents and sintering temperature were characterized by SEM and TEM techniques. In the wear test, the Fe-0vol%ZrO2 sintered bodies showed mainly adhesive wear, but in the Fe-5%vol. ZrO2 and Fe-10vol. % ZrO2 composites the main wear behavior showed abrasive wear mode.


We present a physics-based system-level model for optimizing a novel comb-based capacitive MEMS microphone towards high signal-to-noise ratios. The model includes non-linear coupling effects between the electrodes as well as the physical dependencies on relevant design parameters, thus enabling predictive statements w.r.t. the device performance. It is calibrated and validated by finite element simulations and laser Doppler vibrometer measurements of first prototypes. Being formulated as a generalized Kirchhoffian network, it can be implemented in a standard circuit simulation tool. The predicted signal-to-noise ratio of this concept reaches up to 78 dB(A), which significantly exceeds state-of-the-art devices.


The purpose of this study was first to determine what criteria could be used on a behavioral scale to evaluate the profoundly retarded, and then to acquire some data bearing on the reliability and validity of a scale based on such criteria.


Abstract Hazardous waste sites and industrial facilities contain area sources of fugitive emissions. Emission rate measurements or estimates are necessary for air pathway assessments for these sources. Emission rate data can be useful for the design of emission control and remediation strategies as well as for predictive modeling for population exposure assessments. This paper describes the use of a direct emission measurement approach – the enclosure approach using an emission isolation flux chamber – to measure emission rates of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soil and water. A variety of flux chamber equipment designs and operating procedures have been employed by various researchers. This paper contains a review of the design and operational variables that affect the accuracy and precision of the method. Guidance is given as to the optimum flux chamber design and operating conditions for various types of emission sources. Also presented is a generic quality control program ...


In the absence of a uniform federal interest rate policy for reimbursable costs of water projects, federal agencies generally have determined repayment interest rates administratively. For some specific projects, however, Congress has stipulated the interest rate to be used in the authorizing legislation. The rates used have varied among agencies and with different purposes of development. The repayment interest rate is of particular significance to the financial feasibility of proposed projects. An increase in this rate can substantially increase the cost of projects to local government or other entities responsible for repaying reimbursable costs. The current use of repayment interest rates lower than discount rates for project evaluaion also raises questions about the distribution of benefits. Although the U.S. Water Resources Council recently increased the evaluation interest rate and initiated studies of water project evaluation procedures in general, relatively little attention has been given to achieving a consistent policy for repayment interest rates and other aspects of cost allocation and cost sharing. This situation needs to be changed; these important aspects of water project development should not be neglected.


purposely provocative piece. Let us review the salient points. One, health care providers (chest physicians) must take aleadership role in decreasing inappropriately high health care costs. T , ifa test is ordered, the results must be expected to have a significant impact on management. Three, screening spirometry has no significant impact on the individual patient. Cigarette smoking impairs and kills many more Americans through heart disease and cancer than COPD. Even if a risk for developing COPD were identified, correlation with receiving that information and significant cessation of smoking is poor. Also, if screening is normal, what about the risks for heart disease and cancer? Four, screening 30 to 40 million Americans at $15 apiece comes to 500 million dollars. Most physicians certainly charge more than $5 for screening spirometry especially if quality control is involved (please allow us a small chuckle). Although we have enjoyed this exchange of viewpoints with our colleague, we do not feel the above important points should only be met with laughter. In the same way that routine screening for lung cancer, cervical cancer and our approach to yearly physical and laboratory examinations have changed with more thoughtful analysis, so too should our approach to such issues as screening spirometry. We are sending our colleague a reprint ofour article in case the original was so badly damaged by spilled coffee that its points cannot be understood with a second reading.


In this paper, a novel second-order two-scale (SOTS) analysis method and corresponding numerical algorithm is developed for dynamic thermo-mechanical problems of composite structures with cylindrical periodicity. The formal SOTS solutions are successfully constructed by the multiscale asymptotic analysis. Then we theoretically explain the necessity of developing the SOTS solutions by the error analysis in the pointwise sense. Futhermore, the convergence result with an explicit rate for the SOTS solutions is obtained. In addition, a SOTS numerical algorithm is presented to effectively solve these multiscale problems. Finally, some numerical examples verify the feasibility and validity of the SOTS numerical algorithm we proposed. This study offers a unified multiscale framework that enables the simulation and analysis of thermo-mechanical coupled behavior of composite structures with cylindrical periodicity.


In this study, the synergistic effects of methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [N1888] [NTf2] ionic liquid (IL) with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) as hybrid additives in a circulation oil for steel–steel contacts at different temperatures. The wear test results indicated that the additions of single additives (IL, ZDDP, and ZnO NPs) could enhance the tribological performance of the circulation oil. Among these additives, the IL exhibited the most effective at the same weight concentration blended into the tested oil. The mixture of IL and ZDDP showed superior friction-reducing and wear-reducing properties compared to the IL + ZnO formulation. The hybrid additive formulation consisting of 0.5 wt% IL, 0.25 wt% ZDDP, and 0.25 wt% ZnO NPs exhibited excellent tribological properties at higher temperatures in the boundary lubrication regime. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray reveals that all single additives contribute to the formation of a tribofilm wear mechanism. However, the role of ZnO NPs in the hybrid additive conditions was changed from the most likely tribosintering effect to the most likely nano bearing effect at 100 °C. The interactions among IL, ZDDP, and NPs examined in this study can provide fundamental insights for the development of future lubricants.


Indonesia is recognized as one of the territories that have the highest reef fish biodiversity in the world. One of the commercially valuable fish in this area is the groupers (locally name "kerapu"). At least 76 grouper species have been reported in Indonesian waters, with three species were categorized into "vulnerable", five species "Data Deficient", and 68 species under the "Least Concern" category based on IUCN classification. The increasing exploitations rate had been reported caused the grouper stocks in Indonesia to decrease and threatened extinction. However, only limited scientific data is available regarding the grouper in Indonesia, including their identification. In most fish landing sites across Indonesia, the groupers are morphologically identified and recorded as "kerapu" to replace their scientific species names. Accurate species identification is essential in designing appropriate and sustainable management of fisheries resources. One of the tools that have been used in fish identification is DNA barcoding. In the last two decades, this molecular method has been applied to identify many fish groups globally, including grouper fish. This study reviewed the DNA barcoding approach in grouper identification in Indonesia based on the available literature.Keywords:DNA barcodingGrouperMolecular TaxonomyFisheriesIndonesia


Digital library information systems generate large amounts of complex, numeric content. A new category of digital libraries with supporting services for such content is important to advancing library research. Intelligent services likewise are required to automate scientific workflows. Simulation environments are notably well suited for automation with digital libraries. This paper shows a new method to build intelligent information systems framework generates simulation supporting digital library instances. This framework contains processes for producing workflows of layers and services, formal definitions of content and services, a software toolkit, and a set of service implementations. Coordinating such digital library examples within a library practice infrastructure leads to more intelligent services and to the automation of numerous routine tasks. The intelligent information systems are is developed at library of Hohai University in China.


This paper discusses decay of standing waves in a small room based on the formation of reverberation time equation. Fluctuations in the reverberation time curve at low frequencies are interpreted as a consequence of standing waves. Methods for avoiding such fluctuations are introduced with the acoustic design of the studio of Huayi Audio-Video Co. Ltd. of Nanjing as an example. The measurement results show that a flat reverberation time curve and quiet circumstance have been achieved in the design.


Two kinds of local designs in an industrial directional solidification (DS) furnace were proposed to reduce oxygen (O) and carbon (C) concentrations in multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) ingots. Global simulations including coupled oxygen and carbon transport in the furnace were carried out. It was found that the proposed designs have little effect on the oxygen concentration in the silicon melt, while they could significantly influence the CO gas transport in the furnace and the C concentration in the silicon melt. The investigation provides a method to control the carbon impurity in an industrial DS furnace for mc-Si ingots.


James Ross Island (JRI) is the largest island in the eastern part of the Antarctic Peninsula. Ulu Peninsula in the northern part of JRI is considered the largest ice free area in the Maritime Antarctica region. However, information about permafrost on JRI, active layer and its soil properties in general are poorly known. In this study, results of soil thermal measurements at two different sites on Ulu Peninsula are presented between 1 April 2012 and 30 April 2013. The study sites are located (1) on an old Holocene marine terrace (10 m a. s. l.) in the closest vicinity of Johann Gregor Mendel (JGM) Station and (2) on top of a volcanic plateau named Johnson Mesa (340 m a. s. l.) about 4 km south of the JGM Station. The soil temperatures were measured at 30 min interval using platinum resistance thermometers Pt100/8 in two profiles up to 200 cm at JGM Station and 75 cm at Johnson Mesa respectively. Decagon 10HS volumetric water content sensors were installed up 30 cm at Johnson Mesa to 50 cm at JGM Station, while Hukseflux HFP01 soil heat flux sensors were used for direct monitoring of soil physical properties at 2.5 cm depth at both sites.


When we think about Scriptural Reasoning, what comes to mind is an exercise whereby religious persons from different communities engage in text study such that friendships are formed, judgments overcome, and new insights regarding one's own and others' texts are generated. Without denying SR's value for deepening bonds between persons from different religious traditions, the purpose of my discussion today is to begin with the account of SR as structured inter-faith text study and observe a line from this analysis of textual word out to an analysis of SR's contribution to academic knowledge production or inquiry. More specifically, the following set of reflections upon Scriptural Reasoning will focus upon what I take to be its invitation to reorient thinking out of claim-making or propositionalism towards an exposure of the procedures which constitute claims. Scriptural reasoning advances a turn towards reasoning as a procedural activity and encourages a turn to reflection on method in academic work, which I argue militates against tendencies towards disciplinary isolation. Central to this analysis of Scriptural Reasoning is a distinction between what I refer to as apologetic SR and reflective SR, the former a mode of SR frequently deployed for deepening inter-religious bonds and the latter offering an occasion for reconsidering the primacy of method in academic inquiry.


This paper proposes a fractal monopole antenna based on a sectoral-shaped patch. To improve thegain of the proposed antenna over a larger bandwidth, the matching was enhanced by attaching two rectangular stubs to the feeding line. The antenna, which is built on an FR4 epoxy substrate with εr =4.3 and a loss tangent of 0.018 has a compact size of 28 mm×31 mm×1.6 mm. The antenna covers the UWB range and extends to about the 22 GHz frequency, as well as offers omnidirectional radiation patterns. The optimized configuration was fabricated and tested. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is about 155% with a reflection coefficient better than −10 dB and has a maximum gain of nearly 4 dBi with a relatively stable omnidirectional radiation pattern.


In recent years, photoredox catalysis using eosin Y has gained considerable significance in organic chemistry. It is evolving as a powerful approach in modern organic synthesis for the activation of small molecules.The use of organic dyes to convert visible light into chemical energy by involving a single-electron transfer with organic substrates has innumerable applications.The present strategy is the first example of visible light promoted, aerobic, oxidative cyclization of chromeno[4,3-b]chromenes and hexahydro-1H-xanthenes via the formation of C–O and C–C bonds to afford excellent yield of the products in a simple one-pot operation under mild reaction conditions.The major advantages of the present methodology include short reaction time, cost effectiveness, easy work-up, broad substrate scope and high atom economy.


The modern world is not thinking without information technology. Training specialists not only fluent in IT technologies, but also those who know how to manage people and resources, is one of the main tasks of the IT university. This article focuses on teaching project management for IT students. The course covers the necessary set of knowledge and skills required for IT project managers. The main goal of the course is to teach students to focus on the organizational and managerial aspects of program projects. Along with various methods of project management (planning, budgeting and risk analysis), the main project management tools are considered; leadership principles; customer relations; liability issues; intellectual property issues; privacy issues. The article discusses the modern approach to teaching as a blended learning technology. This approach, combining traditional forms of education with elements of e-learning, is well applicable for a project management course. The features of the teaching of this course presented in the article are based on the personal responsibility of students for their own learning results. This also includes training based on mastery, an environment of high achievements, learning by doing. Actual methods in education as learning by doing, inverted learning and gamification are considered. The work also highlighted the role of "Project Management" in the student's general educational trajectory. In addition, the article presents the experience of implementing and teaching this course at the International University of Information Technologies. The Project Management course is one of 12 courses in the Software Development Program (SDP) cycle, presented by iCarnegie.


X-ray flares are very common features in GRB light curves, and occur from ∼ 100s up to thousands of seconds after the burst, when the prompt-to-afterglow transition is taking place. In the context of external shock, X-ray flares can be ascribed to a thick-shell fireball produced by a long-duration central engine activity. The X-ray flare photons are expected to interact with the forward shock electrons by inverse Compton thus producing high-energy flares that potentially will be detected by GLAST LAT. Such high-energy components could explain the delayed GeV emission detected by EGRET in GRB 940217. Observations with GLAST LAT will give useful information to constrain the origin of X-ray flares.


Abstract Is Twitter a modern tool for mobilizing a social movement and inciting calls to action that are comparable Is Twitter a modern tool for mobilizing a social movement and inciting calls to action that are comparable to those of the past? to those of the past? In many cases, the root cause of past social movements has involved some type of economic downturn, and groups of disgruntled people came together to form an opposition. Rhetorical language was ultimately used to steer the mobilization and calls to action. Similarly, social movements have Similarly, social movements have predominantly been based on the idea of utilizing a single orator predominantly been based on the idea of utilizing a single orator – one identifiable individual to help mobilize the collective ideologies and beliefs of a social group. In general, this formula has created mostly negative interactions and eventual outcomes. Today, modern technology conflicts with this traditional value of rhetoric, as internet-based social media platforms, such as Twitter, have become the contemporary tool for not only the creation of, but eventual expansion of a social movement. In 2011, on the heels of the 2008 recession, people began to grow tired of the unequal distribution of wealth in America. In the case of the #OccupyWallSt movement of 2011 and #OccupyWallSt movement of 2011 and 2012, Twitter was essentially the only tool utilized by the group to both mobilize and call to action. 2012, Twitter was essentially the only tool utilized by the group to both mobilize and call to action. Methodology To determine Twitter's presence as a mobilization tool for the #OccupyWallSt movement, 120 tweets from followers and supporters were individually analyzed using content analysis procedures. Each Tweet was coded (numerically) into seven specifically designed categories, with each category featuring up to six options for selection. It was assumed that the majority of the calls to action would be presented in the form of written text, but with the possibility of an accompanying image or video. Thus, the collective identity of the group was anticipated to be formed primarily via textual elements. Also, the potential for external links that included similar media elements were factored into the analysis. The results indicate that the movements' calls to action were generally "unclear." This option was selected when an individual tweet didn't necessarily have a clear or identifiable characteristic of any type of action. However, as the graph below shows, those tweets that were categorized as either online or offline were nearly split down the middle with a fair level of frequency. Conclusion


The invention provides a super-resolution light field acquisition device and a three-dimensional reconstruction method thereof. The light field acquisition device includes: a camera; a ball lens which is located in front of the camera and through which the camera performs image acquisition; and a ball lens driving device used for driving the ball lens to move in horizontal and/or vertical direction. The light field acquisition device provided by the invention can acquire a high-resolution three-dimensional or four-dimensional dense light field, and is fast in acquisition speed and high in efficiency, and the device is simple in structure, convenient to use, and wide in range of application.


The importance of quantifying lung function to characterize human physiology has been recognized since the second century when the Greek physician Claudius Galenus first measured respiratory volume by having a child breathe into a bladder (1). Modern pulmonary function testing (PFT), however, did not come into existence until 1846 when the English physician Hutchinson invented the water spirometer to measure the vital capacity of the lung (1, 2). Today, spirometry remains an essential component of PFTs that assesses respiratory health, diagnoses pulmonary disease, monitors disease severity, and predicts mortality (3). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have further advanced our understanding through the identification of at least 279 genetic loci that are associated with lung function (4). Despite the advances made by GWAS, a challenge facing the field is the establishment of causal relationships between these genetic loci and PFT measurements. In this issue of the Journal, Nichols and colleagues (pp. 368–378) address the goal of establishing causality between a candidate genetic locus that regulates lung function and spirometry (5). The authors focused on the LRP1 gene based upon a GWAS metaanalysis study of European subjects that identified a significant association between a reduction in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio and a singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that mapped to a LRP1 intron (6). The LRP1 gene encodes LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1), which is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family that is highly expressed in the lung as well as the liver and brain (7). LRP1 functions as an endocytic receptor that may interact with over 100 different ligands, including multiprotein complexes, which clears proteins from the extracellular space and internalizes cargo for lysosomal degradation (8–10). LRP1 may also modify cell signaling, either indirectly by internalizing ligands and membrane proteins that participate in cell signaling pathways or directly through interactions with coreceptors, as well as adapter and scaffolding proteins (8–10). Furthermore, LRP1 can undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis to release its intracytoplasmic domain, which may regulate cell signaling, and shed its extracellular domain to function as a soluble receptor (9, 10). Several functions of LRP1 in the lung have been identified. LRP1 has been shown to negatively regulate the antigen uptake and presentation functions of CD11b dendritic cells in the lung, which attenuated allergic sensitization, type 2 immune responses, and eosinophilic airway inflammation in a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced airways disease (11). Additionally, knockdown of LRP1 in human lung fibroblasts increased the expression of ACTA2 to promote cellular differentiation into myofibroblasts with a contractile phenotype that can increase tissue fibrogenesis (12). Here, Nichols and colleagues first analyzed a multi-ethic GWAS meta-analysis to confirm that two intronic SNPs in the LRP1 gene were associated with FEV1/FVC (3). Next, the authors created a cell-specific knockout mouse in which the Lrp1 gene was deleted in smooth muscle cells driven by the smooth muscle actin promoter (Lrp1 mice), which allowed investigations to examine the role of LRP1 in modulating pulmonary function. They show that Lrp1 mice have baseline abnormalities in pulmonary function with decreased compliance as well as increased elastance, tissue resistance, and tissue elastance. Furthermore, Lrp1 mice showed significantly increased airway responsiveness to methacholine challenge. The authors next assessed pulmonary function in Lrp1 mice following exposures to LPS and HDM. Lrp1 mice again displayed decreased baseline compliance that was associated with increased elastance and tissue elastance following acute LPS exposure but not following sensitization and challenge with HDM. Interestingly, Lrp1 mice did not display genotype differences regarding airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine following exposure to either LPS or HDM. Thus, Lrp1 appears to primarily regulate basal lung function in mice. Collectively, these results support a causal association between SNPs in the LRP1 gene with pulmonary function in mice and humans. How does LRP1 modify smooth muscle function to cause basal abnormalities in lung physiology? Having shown a causal relationship between the LRP1 gene and pulmonary function, the authors hypothesized that Lrp1 mice might have dysregulated expression of LRP1 ligands in BAL fluid (BALF). They used mass spectroscopy to identify that BALF levels of 160 proteins differed between Lrp1 and Lrp1 mice, of which 7 were proteins known to interact with LRP1. LRP1 functions as a receptor that clears serpin-enzyme complexes from the plasma, and SERPINA1 was the most upregulated protein in this proteomic analysis of BALF from Lrp1 mice, whereas the LRP1 ligand APOE (apolipoprotein E) was the most downregulated protein (8, 9). Modified BALF levels of cytoskeletal proteins were also identified by mass spectroscopy, whereas increases in urokinase were detected by ELISA. As discussed by the authors, a limitation of their study is that it does not establish a molecular mechanism by which LRP1 modifies pulmonary physiology. Thus, additional studies will be needed to test the authors' hypothesis that dysregulated expression of LRP1 ligands contribute to physiological lung function abnormalities. Furthermore, the significance of the proteomic findings in BALF identified by mass spectroscopy will require


The technical term group is now employed with a variety of meanings even in our most commonly consulted works of reference, including the modern mathematical encyclopedias. For instance, near the beginning of the article entitled "Elementi della teoria dei gruppi" in the most recent of these encyclopedias, viz., the Enciclopedia delle Matematiche Elementari, volume 1, part 2 (1932), it is stated that the notion of group has been greatly extended during the last fifty years so as to include all those operations or transformations, finite or infinite in number, which may be performed upon the entities of a given field, whenever the transformation resulting from the successive application of any two of them belongs itself to these transformations. It should be noted that nothing is said here in regard to the laws according to which these transformations are combined and hence this extension of the notion of group tends to bring it into the realm of chaos, where it is impossible to make scientific progress. It is evident that not a single one of the hundreds of theorems relating to abstract groups which have been published during the last fifty years could be proved if this extended notion of group were adopted, and hence one might at first be inclined to dismiss it from further consideration. While this method of procedure appears reasonable it fails to explain the fact that definitions which are in accord with this extended notion of group appear in many other places where one naturally expects to find reliable information. For instance, the term closed group (geschlossene Gruppe) is used for a set of numbers solely on account of the fact that it involves the product of every pair contained therein in the Encyklopddie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, volume 1, page 652; and in volume 2, page 243, of the French edition of this work, a definition of the technical term group appears which is in complete accord with the extended notion of group to which we referred in the preceding paragraph. Since the general concept of group is necessarily based on a system of postulates it is clear that this concept cannot be extended without modifying these postulates. The selected system should clearly be sufficiently restrictive to make it possible to base an extensive development thereon. While systems of postulates relating to finite groups were formulated by A. Cayley (1854) and H. Weber (1882), the latter formulated in 1893 a useful system which applies to groups of infinite order as well as to those of finite order. In particular, this system includes the now well-known equational 288 PROC. N. A. S.


This report is the summary report of a study of 14 urban areas to determine the reasons for attainment or nonattainment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This summary report combines the data from the particle characterization and urban area reports to provide a national assessment of the problem. The report evaluates three major factors affecting attainment - (1) large scale effects from transported primary and secondary particulates, (2) traditional sources such as fuel combustion, industrial process and solid waste and (3) nontraditional sources such as mobile source exhaust, tire rubber, construction, paved and unpaved roads, etc. Two factors which modify measured levels, meteorology and monitor siting, are also evaluated.


We added birefringence and interference consideration to the conventional classical Raman scattering theory commonly found in literature to address birefringence and interference effect in Raman spectroscopy. We hope the new result can be useful for ab initio calculations as well as experimental studies.


Community nursing is the fastest-growing area of nursing practice in Australia. In today's diverse society, health professionals require the skills and knowledge to meet the complex needs of a wide range of communities and individuals. This book offers an engaging introduction to the theory, skills and application of community and primary health care in Australia. Based on the social model of health, An Introduction to Community and Primary Health Care explores how social and environmental factors affect health care in Australian communities. It explains how health is embedded within social policy frameworks, and advocates community participation in a collaborative health care process. It discusses the principles of health and mental health promotion, the importance of cultural competence and the practice of community needs assessment. The book is divided into three parts. Part I explains the key theories behind primary and community health care, while Part II identifi es the skills needed in health care practice. Part III examines specifi c health professional roles in areas such as Indigenous nursing, men's and women's health, rural nursing and youth health. Drawing on the diverse expertise of the contributing authors, this section is unique to this book in that it encourages students to consider how various nursing roles address issues of social justice, equality and access. Case studies illustrate each role in practice. Each chapter includes learning objectives, refl ective questions, critical thinking activities and further reading to consolidate learning. Comprehensive online resources are available at www.cambridge.edu.au/academic/communityhealth. Instructor resources include multiple-choice questions and videos. Student resources include weblinks and an interactive glossary. Readable and highly practical, An Introduction to Community and Primary Health Care equips students with the theory, skills and understanding they will need as community and primary health care professionals working across Australia.


SUMMARY The greater representativeness was from the Northeast Region (48.7%), average age of 31 years, female gender (75.7%), weekly working time of 35.4 hours, with 3-5 years of professional practice. It was found that 37% had stress statistically related with age (p=0.008), physical activity (p=0.039) and satisfaction with health status (r=- 0.322; p<0.001). There were no cases of burnout, but there was a high average in the dimensions psychic wear, indolence and guilt, totaling 49% with a tendency to develop the syndrome at stake. Conclusions The variables age, physical activity and satisfaction with health status have demonstrated a relation to stress. For burnout, it should be em- phasized the region of residence (Mid-west), satisfaction with health status, workplace (clinics and hospitals), in addition to the highest number of workplaces.


Concussions are common cognitive impairments, but their effects on task performance in general, and on driving in particular, are not well understood. To better understand the effects of concussion on driving, we investigated previously gathered data on twenty-two people with a concussion, driving in a virtual-reality driving simulator (VRDS), and twenty-two non-concussed matched drivers. Participants were asked to per-form a behavioral task (either coin sorting or a verbal memory task) while driving. In this study, we chose a few common metrics from the VRDS and tracked their changes through time for each participant. Our pro-posed method—namely, the use of convolutional neural networks for classification and analysis—can accu-rately classify concussed driving and extract local features on driving sequences that translate to behavioral driving signatures. Overall, our method improves identification and understanding of clinically relevant driv-ing behaviors for concussed individuals and should generalize well to other types of impairments.


Department of Differential Equations, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Gagarin av. 72, 49010 Dnipro, Ukraine Department of System Analysis and Control, National Technical University "Dnipro Polytechnics", Yavornitsky av. 19, 49005 Dnipro, Ukraine Institute of Applied and System Analysis, Ihor Sikorsky National Technical University of Ukraine "Kiev Polytechnical Institute", Peremogy av. 37, Build. 35, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine Department of Information Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, Italy


Brief inhalation of SO2 of concentration >500 p.p.m. triggered a pronounced stimulatory effect on vagal bronchopulmonary C‐fibres in anaesthetized rats. This stimulatory effect was drastically diminished by a pretreatment with NaHCO3 that raised the baseline arterial pH, suggesting a possible involvement of acidification of airway fluid and/or tissue generated by inhaled SO2. The stimulation was completely abolished by pretreatment with antagonists of both acid‐sensing ion channels and transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 receptors, indicating that this effect was caused by acid activation of these cation channels expressed in airway sensory nerves. This conclusion was further supported by the results obtained from studies in isolated rat vagal bronchopulmonary sensory neurones and also in the cough response to SO2 inhalation challenge in awake mice. These results provide new insight into the underlying mechanism of harmful irritant effects in the respiratory tract caused by accidental exposure to a high concentration of SO2.


Supercapacitors have emerged as the most attractive complementary devices between batteries and conventional capacitors, while a high performance electrode material is key to their energy storage advancement. In recent years, research on electrode materials for supercapacitors has mainly focused on the field of positive electrode materials. Compared with the positive electrode, the research on negative electrode materials is mainly focused on carbon materials, and there are fewer types. As a negative electrode material under aqueous alkaline test conditions, vanadium nitride has many attractive advantages, such as a large potential window (in the range from −1.2 V to 0 V in alkaline aqueous solution), high electrical conductivity, and high specific capacitance. In this review, we focus on vanadium nitride based anode materials and carefully summary their energy storage mechanisms, applications, advantages and disadvantages, and future development prospects.


A feasibility test of a neutron Compton scattering (NCS) technique was carried out with an eV neutron spectrometer which utilized a pulsed spallation neutron source. The measured NCS spectrum from hydrogen atoms was compared with calculated values which included multiple scattering, geometrical effects and so on. A good agreement was obtained, indicating that the ground state wave function of light atoms in condensed matter can be investigated by means of the NCS technique with this type of eV neutron spectrometer.


This article is based on several editions of a recently located letter writing manual by Yusuf Efendi al-Shalfun (1839-95). This booklet provides a new perspective on a period in which the practice of 'popular' letter-writing was expanding in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman empire. Little research has been devoted thus far to the implications of the increase in the ability to write (in contradistinction to the ability to read), in the empire's Arab provinces in the second half of the nineteenth century. Popular correspondence, both personal and more formal, gradually developed among the Arab urban literate population, who used manuals such as the one written by al-Shalfun as guides to write in various official, social, and familial situations. Letter writing thus complemented the work of the arzuhalcis, the professional letter and petition writers in the Ottoman empire. This paper examines the impact of popular letter writing in Greater Syria in the second half of the nineteenth century as well as the public's ability at the time to communicate through writing.


Exploring the issues in constructing exquisite courses of management information system,the paper launched a research and innovation in terms of the course system design,teaching method reform,teaching method study,teaching staff training,teaching material construction planning and experiment teaching.


RIVETT and Wilshire[l] have reported on an investigation of the U.V. irradiation of the dipeptide glycylphenylalanine on a thin layer silica gel plate, on which they subsequently detected the products by chromatography. Their finding that 2,Sdiketopiperazines were produced indicated that peptide bonds can be formed in the solid state by U.V. radiation. The object of the present experiment was to determine whether peptide bonds could be formed by irradiating glycine with U.V. radiation, and to examine the competing peptide bond cleavage often referred to in the literature [2]. When glycine and diglycine were irradiated with U.V. radiation at 242 or 300 nm on pre-coated thin layer chromatography sheets, diglycine was formed from glycine, and glycine from diglycine.


Motion vectors extracted from a compressed video file can be used to track objects in the video and it could be efficient as motion vectors provide trajectory information of the objects. However, tracking objects represented by the motion vectors can be inaccuracy because of camera movement, small size sets of motion vectors acting as noise, unmoving of the object and occlusion. These are conditions in most real world video application. The system in this paper uses the statistical and distributional information of motion vectors to overcome the problems with three stages. 1) Frame preprocessing uses a Mode reduction technique to remove unwanted motion vectors created from camera movements. 2) Intra-frame processing: k-means is used to segment and cluster moving objects. Statistical standard deviation is used to extract objects' torso and remove small size sets of motion vectors. 3) Inter-frame processing: By comparing the positional information between successive frames, tracking object in successive frames is assigned a same label. A copying rule is used to represent the stopping of the tracking object. The direction and velocity information of motion vector is used for the occlusion problems. Overall, an experiment on tracking multiple basketball players demonstrates a good result of the system.


A holographic optical element gathers light scattered from a planar surface and directs it through a pinhole. The sample is rotated in its own plane, and that part of the pinhole light arising from microscopic roughness disappears. This leaves only specular light associated with the average surface contour. A graph of light power through the pinhole versus sample orientation shows a narrow peak centered on the original sample position, surrounded by a specular-reflection plateau. The ratio of the microscopic-roughness-peak height to the specular-reflection-plateau height gives a measure of the sample roughness. Comparisons of sample roughness determined by this method and by traditional methods show a semilogarithmic relationship between AA roughness and this holographic measure of roughness over a certain roughness range. This method is an extension of the Honda1 holographic method of rapid surface inspection.


We rely on sunscreens to protect against erythema induced by sunlight. A sunscreen's sun protection factor (SPF) is measured in a highly controlled situation based on FDA requirements, which include applying the sunscreen in a layer with a thickness of 2 mg/cm2. These investigators performed a variety of …


The main object of this paper is to exarnine and compare models based on the numerical background of linearization techniques. A new transformation procedure is introduced that helps to separate the nonlinearity of the flow equations from the nonlinearity of fluid calculations. This transformation procedure can help to decide an optimal 'technique when developing a new model. In addition, it clears the real and the apparent differences among the mode Is, and it gives a possibility to arrive at a concise survey of the solution techniques. The detailed exarnination of the differences of IMPES and IMPEM techniques has revealed the origin of material balance error of the IMPES technique. The object-oriented C++ programming language was applied to the comparison studies. The basic C++ classes and member functions are presented in the Appendix at the end of the paper.


The RCN A&E Nursing Association has hit back at claims by The Lancet that nurse prescribing is being rolled out too quickly.


Exact inference in large and complex graphical models e g Bayesian networks is computationally intractable Approximate schemes are therefore of great importance for real world computation In this paper we consider a general scheme in which the original intractable graphical model is approximated by a model with a tractable structure The approximatingmodel is optimised by an iterative procedure which minimises the Kullback Leibler divergence between the two models The procedure is guaranteed to converge to a local minimum of the Kullback Leibler divergence The scheme provides a bridge between naive mean eld theory and exact computation Simulation results are provided to illustrate the method


We report CH3NH3PbI3 planar perovskite solar cells with multifunctional inverted micro-pyramidal structured (IMPS) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) antireflection (AR) layers for enhancing the device efficiency. These IMPS-PDMS films were fabricated via a facile and cost-effective soft lithography using micro-pyramidal structured silicon (Si) master molds formed by alkaline anisotropic wet-etching treatment of (100)-oriented monocrystalline Si substrates. The IMPS-PDMS laminated on the bare glass (i.e., IMPS-PDMS/glass) exhibited a higher solar weighted transmittance (TSW) value of ∼95.2% (or the lowest solar weighted reflectance (RSW) of ∼4.7%) than those of the bare glass and flat-PDMS/glass, i.e., TSW/RSW ∼ 90.7/9.1 and 91.5/8.2%, respectively. Additionally, it showed a much higher average haze ratio (HA) value of ∼93.1% compared to the bare glass and flat-PDMS/glass (i.e., HA ∼ 1.6 and 2.8%, respectively). By employing the IMPS-PDMS onto the outer surface of CH3NH3PbI3 planar perovskite solar cells as an AR layer, an improved short-circuit current density (Jsc) value of 21.25 mA cm−2 was obtained, as compared to the reference device and the device with flat-PDMS (i.e., Jsc = 20.57 and 20.87 mA cm−2, respectively), while showing the almost same Voc and FF values as those of the reference device. As a result, the power conversion efficiency was improved from 17.17 and 17.42% for the reference and flat-PDMS devices, respectively, to 17.74% for the IMPS-PDMS device. Also, the fluorooctyltrichlorosilane-treated IMPS-PDMS surface revealed a superhydrophobic behavior with a water contact angle of ∼150° which is useful for self-cleaning applications in outdoor environments.


Coronal X-ray emission of the Pleiades stars is investigated, and maximum likelihood, integral X-ray luminosity functions are computed for Pleiades members in selected color-index ranges. A detailed search is conducted for long-term variability in the X-ray emission of those stars observed more than once. An overall comparison of the survey results with those of previous surveys confirms the ubiquity of X-ray emission in the Pleiades cluster stars and its higher rate of emission with respect to older stars. It is found that the X-ray emission from dA and early dF stars cannot be proven to be dissimilar to that of Hyades and field stars of the same spectral type. The Pleiades cluster members show a real rise of the X-ray luminosity from dA stars to early dF stars. X-ray emission for the young, solarlike Pleiades stars is about two orders of magnitude more intense than for the nearby solarlike stars. 77 refs.


Introduction: Very early mobilization (VEM) is thought to be beneficial for stroke-unit care, but many key factors, such as initiation time and intensity, have not been optimized. We attempted to d...


Live microbe vaccines are designed to elicit strong cellular and antibody responses without developing the symptoms of the disease, and these are effective in preventing infectious diseases. A flying vaccinator (also known as a flying syringe) is a conceptual, genetically engineered hematophagous insect that is used to deliver vaccines such as an antigen from a parasite produced in mosquito saliva; bites from such insects may elicit antibody production by immunizing the host with an antigen through blood-feeding. In addition to a simple vaccine antigen, a flying vaccinator may potentially load a live attenuated microbe with an appropriate mechanism for sustaining its constitutive proliferation in the insect. In this study, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) lacking the glycoprotein gene (VSV-G) was used to produce replication-restricted VSV (rrVSV) containing GFP. Transgenic Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, in which the salivary glands expressed a VSV-G gene driven by an aapp salivary gland-specific promoter, were generated and injected intraperitoneally with rrVSV. The injected rrVSV entered the cells of the salivary gland and stimulated endogenous production of progeny rrVSV particles, as seen in rrVSV-infected Drosophila melanogaster expressing VSV-G. These data suggested the possibility of developing a valuable tool for delivering genetically attenuated virus vaccines via mosquito saliva, although efficient replication-restricted virus production is required.


We use quantum Monte Carlo simulations to study an S = 1/2 spin model with competing multi-spin interactions. We find a quantum phase transition between a columnar valence-bond solid (cVBS) and a Néel antiferromagnet (AFM), as in the scenario of deconfined quantum-critical points, as well as a transition between the AFM and a staggered valence-bond solid (sVBS). By continuously varying a parameter, the sVBS–AFM and AFM–cVBS boundaries merge into a direct sVBS–cVBS transition. Unlike previous models with putative deconfined AFM–cVBS transitions, e.g., the standard J–Q model, in our extended J–Q model with competing cVBS and sVBS inducing terms the transition can be tuned from continuous to first-order. We find the expected emergent U(1) symmetry of the microscopically Z4 symmetric cVBS order parameter when the transition is continuous. In contrast, when the transition changes to first-order, the clock-like Z4 fluctuations are absent and there is no emergent higher symmetry. We argue that the confined spinons in the sVBS phase are fracton-like. We also present results for an SU(3) symmetric model with a similar phase diagram. The new family of models can serve as a useful tool for further investigating open questions related to deconfined quantum criticality and its associated emergent symmetries.


Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been used with variable success as a diagnostic test for benign and malignant breast lesions. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of training physicians in the fine‐needle aspiration sampling‐technique on the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB of palpable breast masses. The settings for this study were private physicians' offices and university clinics of primary care physicians, surgeons, and cytopathologists.


Whereas the bulk equiatomic FeRh alloy with B2 structure is antiferromagnetic (AFM) below 370 K, we demonstrate that the surface configuration can stabilize the low-temperature ferromagnetic (FM) state in FeRh nanoparticles in the 6–10 nm range. The most stable configuration for FM nanoparticles, predicted through first-principles calculations, is obtained in magnetron sputtering synthesized nanoparticles. The structure, morphology and Rh-(100) surface termination are confirmed by aberration-corrected (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. The FM magnetic state is verified by vibrating sample magnetometry experiments. This combined theoretical and experimental study emphasizes the strong interplay between surface configuration, morphology and magnetic state in magnetic nanoparticles.


The purpose of this article is to draw a historical outline of the constitution of the military justice field, centering the analysis in two moments. The first moment is that of the Pombaline Reforms. It is in this moment that the subject of the military justice is put on the agenda by Count Lippe. In 1763, it is possible to locate several charters issued with the intent to establish new authorities and to formalize the first instance of the military justice. In the center of the discussion was the military forum itself. A set of actions that will have continuity in the Marian-Johannine reign, and in this second moment, the priority aims were the second instance of the military justice and the codification of the military criminal legislation.


In order to reduce aerodynamic noise from aircraft flap tip, we design two types of low noise flap tips named "Small Barrier" and "Leading Edge Cut". The former has small cubes on the upper surface near the leading edge at flap tip. The latter has cut leading edge which location is moved backward. Both low noise flap tips are designed to induce flow separation on the flap upper surface. It takes a reduction of aerodynamic lift around the flap tip. Then, it makes flap tip vortexes weaker which causes aerodynamic noise. Other aspect of the flap tip design, we focused on usefulness to apply them to actual aircrafts. The shape is so simple that weight penalty is negligible. And there is not any influence of aerodynamics on cruise condition. In order to evaluate the characteristics of noise and aerodynamic force of these low noise flap tips, wind tunnel testing was conducted using on a simplified high-lift configuration model with sweptback wing (OTOMO2). The result shows that the low noise flap tips have about 1 to 2dBA(SPL overall) noise reduction in wide emission angles at approach angle of attack. The wing lift and drag reduces slightly, but lift per drag difference from original model is almost nothing.


AbstractA fast algorithm is described for implementing the greedy interchange heuristic for lise in solving large scale clustering and uncapacitated median location problems. Computational experience is reported for these algorithms on a number of large randomly generated networks and on some difficult problem sets, and comparisons with some other implementations are made. An additional heuristic is proposed for solving these set partitioning problems based on an efficient procedure for achieving the interchange.


AbstractThree large data sets on cephalopods are critically examined with respect to several sources of error: day-night avoidance, net size, mode of fishing, and patchiness. Catches are low and variable and results only suggest problems with present sampling techniques. Specific field sampling is suggested to quantify several of these sources of error. Volume filtered and time fished are compared as measures of "effort." Variability of volume filtered and net speed within a single tow are examined.


The variation of the energy of the first excited state in even-even nuclei, as a function of the neutron number, shows a fine structure. The existence of this effect has already been reported by Chupp et al. for the region 96 < N < 126 and it is confirmed by more recent data. An analogous effect seems to be present in the region 30 < N < 46. (auth)


A diffractively produced $3\ensuremath{\pi}$ enhancement is observed with mass \ensuremath{\sim}1.1 GeV and width \ensuremath{\sim}0.35 GeV. There is no structure observed in the peak in either the mass or angular distributions. The system is predominantly $s$-wave $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rho}$ with a $3\ensuremath{\pi}$ ${0}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ admixture which is essentially constant in percentage and relative phase across the peak.


An experimental program was conducted to determine if a Parshall flume, developed to accurately measure open-channel subcritical flow, could also be used to measure discharge in a supercritical flow regime. Fifteen experimental configurations were tested using two small Parshall flumes [6-in. (15.2-cm) and 9-in. (22.9-cm) crest width] with varying approach channel slopes, approach channel roughness, and flume convergence. It was determined that a single Parshall flume can be used to measure flow (within ±5%) for both supercritical and subcritical flow regimes for a specified range of flows. The original Parshall flume equation was then modified to incorporate crest width, channel slope, channel roughness, and convergence in the prediction algorithm. Unique expressions were developed for both supercritical and subcritical flow regimes to estimate the discharge. A single expression does not appear feasible for accurate discharge measurement for both flow regimes in a Parshall flume at this time.


Sub-stoichiometric molybdenum oxide (MoOx, x < 3) thin films are deposited and analyzed to find optimum parameters for its use in heterojunction solar-cells. Deposition is done on n-type crystalline silicon wafer and glass substrates by reactive RF-magnetron sputtering. Oxygen partial pressure and deposition pressure are the two parameters used to vary stoichiometry influencing other characteristics. Stoichiometric composition, thickness, electrical properties and optical response have been studied to characterize the deposited thin films. MoOx, as other transition metal oxides, on the n-type silicon wafer act as a hole-selective layer. It is a good way of providing a p-n junction without using dopant.


Existing epidemic spread models are only used in unitary failure and homogeneous network.Aiming this problem,this paper presents a multiple failure spread model in Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching(GMPLS) network.This model assign node functions into two planes: control plane and data plane.The math formulation for finding the epidemic threshold is given.Extensive simulations is carried out on different network topologies,the results are approach to the theoretical values,which show this model is exact.


The Ethiopia Road Authority (ERA) pavement design guide uses empirical models which were adopted and modified from AASTHO design guides. As with any empirical model, the prediction capabilities are limited to the conditions for which it was developed. Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) has been recently developed to account for increase in truck traffic and minimize premature failure of pavements. Since the new design uses mechanistic approach, it is expected that the design guide can better predict performance of pavements. In addition, mechanistic approach allows use of design guide for different pavement and environmental conditions by calibrating model parameters for different conditions. Thus, the design guide can be used for Ethiopia roads and was focus of this study.The mechanistic empirical design requires parameter inputs in four different modules: Traffic, materials, environment & pavement structure. These parameters may or may not be available for Ethiopia conditions. To identify parameters that influence performance prediction significantly, the design guide was evaluated for Humbo to Arba Minch road pavement and environmental conditions. After successful identification of parameters, the MEPDG analysis was performed and compared with the ERA design guide.The results of the analyses indicated that the expected performance can be achieved at lower Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) but not at higher ESALs.


In the article the authors present an integrated approach to teaching English pronunciation to the Ukrainian learners who specialise in English as their future profession. This approach is viewed in the paper as a means of developing the Ukrainian learners' English pronunciation skills through teaching them different types of speech activity: listening comprehension, reading, writing and speaking. Besides, the approach to teaching pronunciation advanced in this paper takes full account of the importance of context as a means for successful L2 pronunciation learning. In the article the authors give methodological guidelines on teaching pronunciation and describe types of instructions that can be integrated into L2 practical phonetics classes. The exercises presented in the paper could be effectively used in teaching process which may result in the students' acquiring pronunciation norm and the ability to recognize different intonation patterns as well as develop their English language competence for effective speaking, reading and writing. The paper also substantiates the expediency of the offered integrated approach implementation to teaching English pronunciation, contributing to more effective L2 English pronunciation learning and teaching.


Paramoeba pemaquidensis Page requires attachment to a substrate in order for population growth to occur. Populations of amoebae suspended in bacterized culture media on a roller tube apparatus did not increase in size whereas amoebae maintained in stationary control tubes multiplied in number. Amoebae maintained in suspension for as long as three weeks attached and multiplied in culture when allowed to settle. This suggests that Paramoeba found suspended in the surface microlayer of the ocean may be in a "dormant" state. Implications for the survival and geographic distribution of the genus are discussed.


Differences in levels of subject matter learning at the university level were explored to determine how a learning task is approached between those who are successful and those who are less successful. Students read a selected social science text, (Paul SamueIson's "Economics", for example) , related the material learned, answeredccntent questions, gave personal impressions of the learning activity, and discussed general attitudes toward university studies. A second interview, five to six weeks later, concentrated on retention of previously learned material. Two major ettitudeL appeared to be connected with two different conceptions of learning--one that learning is something a perscn does and the other that learning is something that happens to a person. These at'citudes determined to a large extent the things students learned, as well as the different ways in which they learned. These findings indicated that learning should he described in terms of the structural aspect of its content. In the section exploring the relationship between knowledge and skill, it is shown through experimentation with physics phenomena in a problem-solving situation that cognitive skills are aspects of knowledge, rather than independent of knowledge. Remarks on the dekate on education during the 1970s and on separate categories of thought are offered. References and a listing of reports from the Institute of Education, University of Goteborg, Sweden, are provided. (Author/DB) Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE LEARNING AND TEACHING OF BASIC CONCEPTS IN ECONOMICS (2) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION &WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION THIS 00CUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCE() EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM TuE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFF ICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY SKILL AS AN ASPECT OF KNOWLEDGE Some implications from research on studer4s conceptions of central phenomena in their subjects Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Improving University Teaching, July 13 16, 1976, Heidelberg, F.R. Germany,


Objective
To compare the efficacy between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (ICL) implantation for correcting high myopia.

Methods
The data of 152 eyes of 76 patients with high myopia between -8D--10D were analysed and all cases were divided into 2 groups. SMILE group, 80 eyes of 40 patients underwent SMILE, and ICL group, 72 eyes of 36 patients recived ICL V4c implantation. The postoperative visual acuity, residual refraction, the root mean square of higher-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity were compared and analyzed between the two groups.

Results
The difference of BCVA, UCVA, and residual refraction was not statistically significant between two groups at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively(P>0.05). The difference of root mean square of (RMS) of spherical aberration (Z40) and vertical primary coma (Z3-1) were statistically significant between two groups (P 0.05). Six months after surgery, in ICL V4c group the contrast sensitivity at 3.0c/d and 6.0c/d spatial frequencies was better than that in SMILE group(P 0.05).

Conclusion
Both SMILE and ICL V4c achieve the anticipated effect for correcting high myopia, but the visual quality of ICL V4c is better than that of SMILE.

Key words:
Small incision lenticule extraction; Phakic intraocular lenses implantation; High myopia; Visual quality


At the end of her spring term in 1862, Martha Hale Clary bade farewell to her classmates at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary one year before she was to graduate. She was a 24 year-old teacher, the daughter of a farming family from Conway, Massachusetts, who had graduated from Westfield State Normal School five years earlier. By the autumn of 1862, she was living in an abandoned plantation house in Beaufort, South Carolina, organizing a school for the Gullah people not many miles from Confederate lines, one of the earliest participants in the Sea Islands' "Rehearsal for Reconstruction." For the next eleven years she taught scores of the islands' freed slaves in Beaufort and Hilton Head, one of the hundreds of teachers sponsored by the venerable American Missionary Association (AMA). By the early 1870s, young former slaves had themselves gained sufficient education to become their people's elementary teachers, so in 1873 Martha Clary accepted a position with the Presbyterian Committee on Missions to the Freedmen to teach in its academy for black students in North Carolina, Scotia Seminary. She would remain there for another fourteen years, finally retiring to her native state in 1887 after twenty-five years of service to southern African Americans.


New possibilities for the investigation of the interaction of the local lubricant film formation and of the local surface structure during the cold deformation result from the scanning force microscopy (SFM) which was applied for the development of a measurement procedure for the determination of local lubricant film thicknesses. The SFM is actually the only procedure for the determination of local lubricant film thicknesses < 1000 nm. Lubricant film thicknesses were measured with the SFM. Thereby the wetting of the measuring tip is of particular importance.


Abstract : In national-security war gaming there are three classes of senior stakeholders whom I call the three witches critical to the success of a game but with the power to affect negatively its quality. These comprise, first, the war-game director s superior and chain of command; second, the senior players within each game cell; and third, the sponsor of the game and that officer s chain of command. Each of these three stakeholders frequently attempts to influence the design of the war game, even during play itself. For two reasons, such attempts amount to inappropriate interference. First, these stakeholders are not (usually) expert in war-game research, design, development, or production. Second, it is a conflict of interest for them to influence the game's design; such interference puts the credibility of the results into justifiable doubt. The director, responsible for delivering a quality game, must manage these three stakeholders throughout design, play, analysis, and post event reporting to ensure that the game meets the sponsor's national-security-related objectives. Failure to do so puts the war-game director at risk of following the three witches to a fate analogous to Macbeth's.


The Strongyloi des stercoralis is a nematode endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. The parasite is capable of autoinfection, which is limited by an intact immune response. In immunocompromised hosts hyperinfection and dissemination can occur and has a high index of mortality. Hyperinfection syndrome with dissemination is frequently associated with corticosteroid administration and other diseases (malignancies and organ transplantation). Interestingly, although strongyloidiasis is common among AIDS patients in endemic areas, hyperinfection syndrome is rarely noted. We report here a rare manifestation of fulminant gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to hyperinfection of strongyloidiasis in a drug abuser and alcoholic HIV/AIDS patient.


Cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium surfactants [CTA(X), X = Cl, Br, OMs] increase first-order rate constants for the basic hydrolysis of tent-butyl perbenzoate and 2-naphthyl benzoate. Dealkylation of both butyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate and butyl 4-bromobenzenesulfonate by halide ions in micelles of CTACl, CTABr and CTAOMs, and by azide ion in micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium mesylate (CTAOMs) have been examined. The nucleophilic aromatic substitutions of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine by OH– and N3– ions in the presence of CTABr, CTACl and CTAOMs micelles have also been examined. The rate enhancements have been treated in terms of concentration of both substrates and nucleophilic anions at the micellar surface. The anionic concentrations depend upon specific and non-specific coulombic interactions, which were calculated by solving the Poisson–Boltzmann equation (PBE). The same parameters were used in fitting data for reactions of N3–, Br– or Cl– as nucleophiles and for systems with Cl–, Br– and OMs– as inert counter-anions in CTACl, CTABr and CTAOMs, respectively.


Based on the Chetaev generalized theorem the Schroedinger equation as the stability condition of trajectories in classical dynamics in the presence of dissipative forces is derived. In the framework of this approach the alternative model for unified description of alpha decay, spontaneous fission, cluster and proton radioactivity and is developed. We show the possibility of the classical (without tunneling) description of radioactive decay of heavy nuclei, when the so called noise‐induced transition or, in other words, the stochastic channel of radioactive decay conditioned by the Kramers diffusion mechanism is generated under certain conditions.Using the ENSDF nuclear data, we have found the parametrized solutions of the Kramers equation of the Langevin type by the Alexandrov dynamic auto‐regularization method (REGN‐Dubna program). These solutions describe with high‐accuracy the dependences of half‐life (the decay probability) of heavy radioactive nuclei on total kinetic energy of daughter decay products...


Crop models are an important tool in agricultural studies which are beneficial to the comprehensive integration of achievements as well as modernization of decision-making on crops management.Generally,crop model includes three modules,which are crop growth module,water movement module and nitrogen cycle module,they are interrelated and interplayed.This paper reviewed the development of above modules and models which are used widely and comprehensively,compared the advantages and disadvantages of important models and prospected some future trends.


The charters and other documents which Mr. Blunt has kindly exhibited this evening formed a part of the archives of the Cistercian Abbey of Robertsbridge, founded in 1176, at a spot within the parish of Salehurst, in Eastern Sussex, where the high road from Hastings to Tunbridge crosses the River Rother, which here changes its course from south-east to east, and after passing Bodiham Castle forms for a few miles the boundary between Kent and Sussex, until turning sharply to the south it enters the sea at Rye Harbour.


Following the financial crisis that commenced in 2008, the relationship between migration and social benefits has become increasingly contested in a number of large EU member states. The Eastern expansion of the EU in 2004 and 2007 has added a new dimension to the relationship. Concerns have spread across a number of member states about the 'costs' and 'financial burdens' of migration and intra-EU mobility and there have been calls for restrictions of existing EU rights and freedoms in the areas of EU free movement, social security coordination, asylum and migration laws.


The whole construction of the Jacob-und-Wilhelm-Grimm-Zentrum was based on a single concept. In an essayistic fashion, it is explored how its main ideas shaped the project and influenced the architecture of Humboldt-Universitat's new central library. Against this background the new building at the heart of Berlin is described and evaluated.


SUMMARY We present a regional crustal model of the East Greenland Fjord Region between 69 ◦ N and 74 ◦ Nw hich spans the Caledonian fold belt and the adjoining Devonian and Mesozoic basins. The model is a compilation of existing seismic models that were partly reinterpreted and newly derived results from different modelling approaches. Remodelling of 33 stations on three deep seismic lines in the southern area yielded consistent P-wave velocity models for the entire Fjord Region. Seismic velocities, between 5.5 km s −1 near the surface and 6.9 km s −1 in the lower crust are typical for regions of Palaeozoic age. Moho depths up to 48 km in the seismic models suggest the existence of a crustal root beneath the Caledonian orogen. Shear wave modelling of 51 stations on six refraction seismic profiles resulted in S-wave velocities between 3.2 km s −1 in the upper crust, 4.0 km s −1 at the crust‐mantle boundary and 4.2 km s −1 in the partial magmatic underplating of the lower crust in the northern area. Calculation of Poisson's ratio portrays a fairly homogeneous crust with only slight variations in Poisson's ratio of 0.26‐0.30 for the uppermost crystalline crust and 0.22‐0.24 for the middle crust. These values cannot be linked to lithological variations because they are either small-scale or span several tectonic provinces. Finite-difference modelling and amplitude analysis confirm models without magmatic underplating in the lower crust of the southern Hall Bredning, Scoresby Sund area.


N EARLIER papers by the author (JENNINGS 1938, 1939a, 1939b, I 1940,1941a, 1941b) it is shown that in Paramecium bursaria there are three groups of stocks the members of which do not conjugate together. These have been designated Varieties I, 11, and I11 (JENNINGS 1941a, 1941b; in earlier papers they were called groups I, 11, and 111). Clones of Variety I may conjugate with other clones of that variety, but do not conjugate with clones of Variety I1 or 111, and corresponding statements may be made for clones of Variety I1 or Variety 111. Further, in each variety there are definite numbers of mating types which play in the mating behavior the role of different sexes. Variety I and Variety I11 have each four mating types, while Variety I1 has eight. Individuals of different mating types within any variety conjugate readily together, but those of the same mating type do not unite in conjugation. All members of a single clone are of the same mating type, except after the infrequent occurrence of clonal self-fertilization, described in the second of these studies (1941b), The single clone is double in its genetic constitution, in such a way that it may by self-differentiation produce a particular two of the four or eight mating types of the variety to which it belongs. Different clones yield in this way different combinations of two types, the particular combination produced being characteristic for the clone. These relations are described in the paper just referred to (1941b). The present paper is devoted to a study of the inheritance and determination of the mating types, particularly in Variety I with its four mating types; but with some study also of Variety I1 (eight mating types). A summary of preliminary studies on this matter appeared in the author's papers of 1939b and 1941a. The main problem involved is the following: At any mating the two parents belong to a particular two of the four or eight mating types of the variety. What are the mating types of the descendants and how are these descendant types related to those of the two parents? In Variety I matings have been made of each possible combination of two types, and clones descended from 587 pairs of known constitution have


The stability of the plane matching boundary is discussed in connection with the deviation from the exact plane matching orientation and the atomic density per unit area of the lattice plane. The statistic calculation of the plane matching boundary distribution in the different types and sharpness of texture revealed that the coverage by plane matching boundaries (>80%) is much higher than the coverage by CSL boundaries (~60%). The sharpness of texture strongly affects the distribution of plane matching boundaries.


The invention relates to the field of detection application of CMMB (China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting) video broadcast information, in particular to a method and a system for intrusion detection for a CMMB play system based on a watermark technology. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, watermark embedment, wherein CMMB broadcast message data are transformed into a transform domain, and a watermark is embedded into a CMMB broadcast message; 2, message transmission, wherein the watermark-embedded CMMB broadcast message is transmitted after being processed by a CMMB transmitting system; 3, message receiving, wherein a CMMB receiving terminal receives the broadcast message from a transmitting terminal and then processing and extracting the CMMB broadcast message and a watermark message; and 4, watermark detecting, wherein the watermark message extracted in the 3 is compared with a promissory watermark for monitoring, and an alarm is triggered when no watermark is monitored or the monitored watermark is wrong. According to the method and the system, the watermark message is used for encrypting the CMMB message, so that the characteristics of concealment, robustness and key uniqueness are achieved, therefore the reliability in intrusion detection can be effectively ensured and the track certification of the CMMB broadcast content can be realized.


Soils around the world are increasingly being progressively deteriorated by a number of significant threats such as: loss of organic carbon, increased compaction and reduced fertility through acidification processes. Among the main notable chemical properties of the soil is the acidity or alkalinity reaction, referring to the concentration ratio between hydrogen and hydroxyl in aqueous media, better known as the pH level, soil acidity is a natural process in Which include parental material, clay types, climatic conditions, microorganism activity and anthropogenic factors such as man's intervention in agriculture through the use of fertilizers resulting in the increase of H + and Al + 3 ions changeable and As a consequence the loss of cations such as Ca + 2, Mg + 2, K + affecting the availability of nutrients required for crop nutrition. One of the properties that the soil has is the buffer capacity being one of the main key factors to determine the dynamics of acidification and also allows to determine the amounts of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) for the improvement of soil. In the research work the sampling sites were Quera Alto of Cantao Pasaje, the scrapie of Santa Rosa canton and San Miguel of Brazil, belonging to the canton El Guabo, all belonging to the province of El Oro, samples were taken at the level of arable layer Of the soil (0,20 cm). These were air dried and sieved. Before the incubation, texture, organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity and changeable aluminum were determined. The experiment was carried out under anaerobic conditions controlled by soil incubation using an incubation chamber at 25 ° C and field capacity. The sample was placed in plastic containers by adding 100 g of soil with the calcium amendment (CaCO3) previously mixed in plastic sheaths, with replacement of moisture every two days using distilled water in order to recover the initial moisture of the sample, the time of Incubation was 30 days. Two specific objectives were set out; first. Correlating increasing doses of CaCO3, levels of organic matter, changeable aluminum, electrical conductivity and pH levels in three acid soils of the province of El Oro, by means of soil incubations. Another specific objective of this research is to define a specific parameter of buffer capacity for each evaluated soil, between a linear regression analysis of the levels of Organic Matter, Changeable Aluminum, Electrical Conductivity and pH, allowing the calculation of CaCO3 doses in the The objective of this work was to evaluate the variation of the buffer capacity in three acid soils of the province of El Oro, by means of incubations of soils under controlled laboratory conditions, to measure the need for calcareous amendment Modify your pH. The experience gained in the present study allows us to recommend that we take greater care in knowing the appropriate doses of a limestone amendment for the improvement of acid soils. The results obtained from this investigation of the parameters analyzed the pH was the model that was most adjusted to determine the buffer capacity of the soil and in this way to be able to estimate doses of calcareous amendments for the correction of soil acidity.


Liquid migration in active soft solids is a very common phenomenon in Nature at different scales: from cells to leaves. It can be caused by mechanical as well as chemical actions. The work focuses on the migration of liquid provoked by remodeling processes in an active impermeable gel sphere. Within this context, we present a consistent mathematical theory capable to gain a deep understanding of the phenomenon in both steady and transient conditions.


Mixed halide perovskites CH3NH3PbBr3-xClx (x = 0.6-1.2) with different compositions of halogens exhibit drastically changed optical properties. In particular, the thin films prepared with these perovskites demonstrate extraordinary photoluminescence emission intensities and prolonged recombination lifetimes up to 446 ns, which are desirable for light emitting and photovoltaic applications.


Freshwater fishes have been introduced outside their native range to establish recreational fisheries, but management conflicts arise when such introductions also result in potentially harmful effects on native species. In this case study, we focus on Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus, which were introduced in the Chesapeake Bay region and are now considered invasive. In many tidal tributaries, Blue Catfish have increased dramatically in abundance, expanded into high-salinity habitats (up to 21.8 psu), and negatively affected native species, prompting calls for the development of an effective management plan. However, management of this conflict species is complicated by multiple competing objectives, including control of population size, maintenance of trophy fisheries, and expansion of commercial fisheries for Blue Catfish. Seven management recommendations were advanced by the Invasive Catfishes Work Group to control the spread and limit the ecological impacts of Blue Catfish on native species. We highlight opportunities for addressing these complex management issues and guide our suggestions using results from research on invasive Blue Catfish ecology and population dynamics, as well as management of invasive species in general. A formal approach, such as structured decision analysis, is required to resolve conflicts among user groups and to address the wicked problem of Blue Catfish in the Chesapeake Bay region. Freshwater fishes have been introduced widely around the world, primarily to create recreational fishing opportunities (Jackson 2002; Crawford and Muir 2008; Carpio et al. 2019), with introductions typically reflecting angler preferences for black basses, salmonids, and catfishes. Many of these fishes were subsequently recognized as invasive species in receiving ecosystems (Dextrase and Mandrak 2006), challenging the management of fisheries that are simultaneously desired by anglers and potentially harmful to native aquatic communities (Hickley and Chare 2004; Shollenberger et al. 2019). Additional challenges arise when nonnative species support trophy (Churchill et al. 2002; Ng et al. 2016) or commercial (Macnaughton et al. 2015) fisheries. Such species may be considered "conflict species," and management thereof may become a "wicked problem" as the perspectives and competing agendas of multiple stakeholders appear unreconcilable (Woodford et al. 2016). Recreational fisheries for at least three large catfish species were established throughout U.S. Atlantic Slope drainages after the introduction of nonnative Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus, Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris, and Channel Catfish I. punctatus. Subsequently, Blue Catfish and Flathead Catfish populations have become invasive in the Chesapeake Bay region (ASMFC 2011), and concerns have been raised elsewhere about the potential negative impacts of these catfishes on native species (Bringolf et al. 2005; Brown et al. 2005). Here, we focus on the *Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Received February 3, 2020; accepted November 13, 2020 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. North American Journal of Fisheries Management © 2020 The Authors. North American Journal of Fisheries Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Fisheries Society ISSN: 0275-5947 print / 1548-8675 online DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10552