In Southeast Asia from 2004 to 2006, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) resulted in culling 45 million birds and jeopardizing sustainable agricultural production. HPAI is highly virulent; small‐scale farms present a high‐risk environment for disease transmission between animals and humans. We investigated how attitudes toward HPAI influence water‐related biosecurity mitigation behaviors on small‐scale farms in Vietnam using the conceptual framework Social Cognitive Theory.


Purpose - Unlike some developed countries, Chinese food safety certification system is multi-level including organic/green/hazard-free certifications. The purpose of this paper is to assess consumers' preferences for tomatoes carrying these different labels. Design/methodology/approach - Data used in this study came from choice experiments (CEs) conducted in Shandong province, China. Based on experiment data, a random parameter logit model was established to analyze consumers' willingness-to-pay (WTP). Findings - Consumers' WTP for organic tomatoes was higher than that for hazard-free and green-certified tomatoes. Furthermore, consumers' WTP for the European Union (EU) organic label was higher than that for the Chinese organic label, whereas a non-significant difference existed between the levels of consumers' WTP for hazard-free and green-certified tomatoes. Consumers with different food safety risk perception (FSRP) had large differences in WTP, whereas those with varying environmental awareness (ENAW) had similar levels of WTP. Originality/value - This contribution is the first research which focuses on consumers' WTP for EU organic label, Chinese organic label, green label, or hazard-free label on tomato through CEs in China. Furthermore, the influence of consumers' FSRP and ENAW on their preference was analyzed through a random parameter logit model.


both features within the text, possibly feeling that it is for the reader to decide for himself how he can best make use of the information. The four main sections are essentially independent of each other, and each represents an excellent treatise on the topic in question. Perhaps the relationship between the largely alternative methods based on the operational calculus and the distribution theory approaches could have been discussed in more detail. Nearly all the proofs are given in their entirety, and are cast in an elementary, and sometimes rather lengthy form. However this does make less demands on the previous mathematical attainment of the reader, which is that to be expected of a fairly recent graduate in a scientific or engineering subject. The book is a translation, with revisions, of the German edition of 1966. The standard of translation is very high, with only very infrequent lapses from an elegant style of English. c. D. GREEN


DEC, 1—Dean 0. W. Lacy 'today vvamed that the College will tike "strong action" if fraternities do not bring their pledge training and initiation practices in line with administration policy. In a mimeographed letter addressed to fraternity, presidents, .1. F. C. representatives, and fraternity f a c u l t y and alumni advisers, Lacy stated that: "It appears that the ancient evil of Hell Week, at least in some instances, is be-, tog revived." The Dean pointed out thai such a jevival was opposed'to a directive he issued Fet>. 29, 1960. In that directive Lacy said that the 1S59 statement of t h e National Interfraternity Council is in accordance with College attitude toward pledge activities. The I. F. C. resolution, condemned activities designed "to impose embarrassment, harassment, or physical or mental strain in ^connection with pledge training, initiation, or preinitiation procedure." Promote Welfare Lacy reminded fraternities that the local I. F.' C'g coflstitutio*i' states that the fraternity • system within the College community." He warned that this is an important provision for the fraternities to remember. The Dean urged that the individual organizations and the I. F. C. "'come immediately to grips with this problem and reach a solution," stating that if they did not "it will remain with the College to act in an appropriate fashion." According to Lacy, part-of the confusion concerning the differences between a "Hell Week" and aiijore appropriate "Help Week" arises from a lack of understanding of the words 'discipline" and "hazing." Ke c a l l e d discipline "something i m p o s e d upon


The central-fuel-rich (CFR) swirl coal combustion burner is given. With the enhanced ignition-dual register burner (EI-DRB), a 1 025 t/h coal-fired boiler could not achieve a stable flame when burning the designed lean coal. Experiments on a single-phase test facility and the boiler are done and the CFR burner matching the boiler is gotten. Experiments show that with the CFR burner the ratio of the largest diameter and length of the central recirculation zone to the outer diameter of the outer secondary air duct of the new burner are over 1.40 and 1.89. This central recirculation zone can provide enough high temperature gas to ignite pulverized coal. The EI-DRB has no central recirculation zone. It is the disadvantage of the flame stabilization. The influence of the rotational speed of the feeder and position of the secondary air damper on the distribution of the gas temperature in the burner region is gotten. With the CFR burners, the boiler operates stably at 140 MW without auxiliary fuel oil. The boiler could operate stably at rated or low load with burning lean-coal or the mixture of lean-coal and anthracite (the mixture ratio is 1). The emission of NOx of boiler decreases.


Meyer, 2009). Galatians 5:22-23 (NIV) states, "But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control." These key skill sets align clearly with the fruit of the Spirit and create a bridge between NPs' faith and practice. We are well-grounded in our faith to promote such evidence in practice, caring for our patients, one patient at a time! Interweaving with other professionals to promote cohesive teamwork for improved patient outcomes begins with the NPs' focus on collaborative care (Heale, 2012).


Agonist-dependent internalization of G protein-coupled receptors via clathrin-coated pits is dependent on the adaptor protein β-arrestin, which interacts with elements of the endocytic machinery such as AP2 and clathrin. For the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) this requires ubiquitination of β-arrestin by E3 ubiquitin ligase, Mdm2. Based on trafficking patterns and affinity of β-arrestin, G protein-coupled receptors are categorized into two classes. For class A receptors (e.g. β2AR), which recycle rapidly, β-arrestin directs the receptors to clathrin-coated pits but does not internalize with them. For class B receptors (e.g. V2 vasopressin receptors), which recycle slowly, β-arrestin internalizes with the receptor into endosomes. In COS-7 and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, stimulation of the β2AR or V2 vasopressin receptor leads, respectively, to transient or stable β-arrestin ubiquitination. The time course of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of β-arrestin correlates with its association with and dissociation from each type of receptor. Chimeric receptors, constructed by switching the cytoplasmic tails of the two classes of receptors (β2AR and V2 vasopressin receptors), demonstrate reversal of the patterns of both β-arrestin trafficking and β-arrestin ubiquitination. To explore the functional consequences of β-arrestin ubiquitination we constructed a yellow fluorescent protein-tagged β-arrestin2-ubiquitin chimera that cannot be deubiquitinated by cellular deubiquitinases. This "permanently ubiquitinated" β-arrestin did not dissociate from the β2AR but rather internalized with it into endosomes, thus transforming this class A receptor into a class B receptor with respect to its trafficking pattern. Overexpression of this β-arrestin ubiquitin chimera in HEK-293 cells also results in enhancement of β2AR internalization and degradation. In the presence ofN-ethylmaleimide (an inhibitor of deubiquitinating enzymes), coimmunoprecipitation of the receptor and β-arrestin was increased dramatically, suggesting that deubiquitination of β-arrestin triggers its dissociation from the receptor. Thus the ubiquitination status of β-arrestin determines the stability of the receptor-β-arrestin complex as well as the trafficking pattern of β-arrestin.


Calibration is a crucial technique for the implementation of high-speed and high resolution analog-to-digital converters.This paper describes the structure of a pipelined ADC,analyzes the sources of errors in the pipelined ADC,focuses on a calibration algorithm that gains the weights by calculating the height of the jumping point of the transition function,presents its implementation scheme,and gives the implementation results and layout of the calibration system.Implementation the calibration system is simple and requires only pure digital circuits.Meanwhile,the simulation of this algorithm shows that it meets the requirements of high-resolution ADCs,and,with respect to availability and reliability,it is a well implemented scheme.


Land is a primary need that concerns the lives of many people, and is one
of the natural resources which is the main capital for development. Along with
population growth, the need for land for residential needs and development
needs has increased, while the area of land is relatively fixed. In addition, land
is currently the object of investment and causes the value of land prices to be
increasingly high. These things often result in disputes, conflicts and land
cases. In order to ensure legal certainty and legal protection for landowners,
written, complete and clear legal instruments for landowners must regulate
land registration. The case for land disputes in the form of unlawful acts on
land loan and loan agreements is that.
Therefore this study aims to; a) To find out the judge's considerations in
determining the proof of a case against an act of transferring land rights
without the knowledge of the owner; b) To find out the judge in determining the
case verdict that is proven in the case of transferring land rights without the
knowledge of the owner. ; c) To find out the legal consequences after the case
is decided by the judge. The method of approach used in this study is the
normative method of Settlement of Disputes Over the Case Change of Name to
the Certificate Without the Knowledge of the Owner (Case Study in the
Surakarta District Court).This type of research is descriptive describing the
Settlement of Disputes over the Change of Name of the Certificate without the
Knowledge of the Owner (Case Study in the Surakarta District Court).
The judge considered in the contents of the Plaintiff's claim that the
plaintiff's claim was not perfect due to a lack of parties, so the judge did not
conduct an examination of the subject matter so the lawsuit could not be
accepted. The judge in determining the case decision against the law looks at
Article 1365 of the Civil Code whose contents must meet: a) The act is against
the law; b) There must be mistakes on the perpetrators; c) There must be a loss;
d) There must be a causal relationship between deeds and losses. The plaintiff
in the a quo lawsuit cannot prove the arguments in the petitum regarding
material and immaterial losses due to unfulfilling of elements of acts against
the law in Article 1365 of the Civil Code.

Keywords: Case of changing the name in the certificate, act resist to the law, and the process of completion of the case in District Court.


15] with a far-reaching change in the physician-patient relation, rendering patients lump sum cases [16]. Even an increased patient mortality was found due to this development [17]. Additionally, a change in medical students' behavior toward patients was noticed due to a shift toward market norms [18]. Moreover, a decline in US students' empathy during medical school was found to be affected by resource allocation, emphasis on technology, and lack of positive social role models [19]. Only now, after about 20 years, medical associations proclaimed 'medicine before economy' as a codex for the physician-patient relationship [20, 21] and received support from the German Ethics Council [16]. Meanwhile, the number of hospitals having been privatized has doubled up to more than 30%. Ironically, some aspects of the dreaded cost explosion in healthcare, which had to serve as a justification for privatization, might turn out to be quite different than assumed [22, 23]. Of course, economic feasibility is crucial for good healthcare. But a mere profit-and-loss orientation is inappropriate to ensure a patientcentered medical treatment. The increased economic pressure on hospitals and doctors' offices affects the number of personnel and the time available in diagnostic or therapeutic encounter. One could get a notion that meanwhile we tend to produce our future patients, as stress has been recognized to contribute to the development of chronic diseases. The circle seems to be closed [24, 25]. Recently, digitalization and digitality are about to change education at schools and universities (e.g., education 4.0 [26]) and patient-physician relationships in the medical field (e.g., big data analyzing) [27]). And again, we are calmed by the majority of politicians and health economists – and probably we calm ourselves that these changes would allow for an affordable health system or an 'ever-flourishing health economy' [28]. While the technical side of digitalization brings innovation for data storage or data transmission, the protagonists of a 'New Digital World' [29] foster ideas about digitality that have a far-reaching impact on social human life. The term 'social media' seems almost unrelated to historical developments, as if books, newspapers, telephones, or television With this editorial, we invite you to follow our considerations on values in medicine. When the rock band 'U2' released the Hollywood remix of their song 'Desire', the lyrics were about voodoo economics – referring to a kind of trance-like (mass) behavior based on group expectation to make money – and the beat expressed the aggressive and accelerating mode of it [1]. Well, this is the privilege of art: speaking about the dark side of human behavior while offering the pleasure of music. In contrast, the reflection of human behavior in science is usually more theoretical and might elicit intellectual pleasure. However, values are freely praised in songs, but does a value-free science exist [2, 3]? Values in medicine, as in any other discipline, are shaped by our actions. In former times, we were used to misuse in medicine being more predictable. Let us reflect some examples which attracted attention: scientists, generally known for advancing their discipline or patient care by new research methods, became noted for receiving money from an industry that in return demanded far too positive study outcomes (e.g., A.R. Feinstein and his alliance with the tobacco industry [4]). Or publishing houses, famous for issuing latest results to foster mankind, but one of them, for example, once got mixed up in arms trades with cluster bombs (e.g., Elsevier [5, 6]). How is it today? Misuse like this is not our main problem – even though all this can still happen despite efforts to prevent the worst by publishing disclosure statements [7, 8]. However, misuse of the above-mentioned kind might be seen as peanuts compared to what is going on today and might come tomorrow. Are we aware of the impact of new conflicting developments in medicine? After rapid developments in medicine in the last decades, we are confronted with complex changes at high speed. To give some examples, we see the change from social to neoliberal economy with privatization of clinics, implementation of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and promotion of digitalization/digitality [9–12]. All this obviously exceeds our imaginations of predictable ways of use and misuse. In some countries, Germany for instance, it took a long time until the negative effects of the privatization of clinics were realized [13], e.g.: the process of market making in medicine [14, Published online: August 17, 2018


Water flow and heat transfer processes in fractured rocks may be encountered in several engineering disciplines, such as geological disposal of radioactive waste, geothermal development, petroleum exploration, etc. Currently existent theoretical models and calculation methods for water flow and heat transfer in fractured rocks are almost exclusively based on the assumption of parallel smooth fracture walls, without considering the effects of local fracture wall asperity contacts on water flow, water-rock heat exchange and heat transfer. The following studies are presented in this paper. Firstly, dealing with water flow in a fracture with rough walls, the Reynolds lubrication equation and the Hele-Shaw model of a fracture with local wall asperity contacts based on the Stokes equations are expounded; solutions are sought by using the PDE tool of the MATLAB software, and compared with the Walsh formula of the effective hydraulic aperture of a rough walled fracture. Secondly, the similarity between the water flow and heat transfer in a fractured rock with local fracture wall asperity contacts and the water flow and heat transfer in a fractured rock with fills is analyzed; the condition for applicability of the instantaneous local thermal equilibrium is proposed; and the time and its influencing parameters for local thermal equilibrium between the local fracture wall asperity contacts and the flowing water in the fracture are computationally analyzed under the premise that the Biot number condition can be satisfied by the local fracture wall asperity contacts. Lastly, assuming instantaneous local thermal equilibrium between the local fracture wall asperity contacts and the flowing water in the fracture, the distributions of temperatures in the flowing water and the rock matrix are calculated using an existing analytical solution for water flow and heat transfer in a fractured rock with fills, and the effects of the ratio of local asperity contact area, the fracture aperture and the averaged water velocity on the temperature distributions are analyzed, which indicate, under the prescribed conditions,(1) that due to the heat exchange between the local fracture wall asperity contacts and the flowing water in the fracture, the range of influence of the flowing water on the temperature of the rock matrix decreases with the increase of the ratio of local asperity contact area, whereas the degree of influence of the rock matrix on the temperature of the flowing water in the fracture increases as the ratio of local asperity contact area increases;(2) the influences of the fracture aperture and the water velocity on the temperatures of the rock matrix and the flowing water in the fracture are consistent in that the range of influence of the flowing water on the temperature of the rock matrix increases with the increases of the fracture aperture and the water velocity, whereas the degree of influence of the rock matrix on the temperature of the flowing water decreases as the fracture aperture and the water velocity increase.


Abstract : Globalism is increasingly being accepted as a force within the international system, replacing the previously dominant Cold War perspective. Democratization, integration of capital, technology, information, open markets, permeable borders, multinational military forces, and redefined political organizations are a handful of the many forces of globalism at work today. This influence is omnipresent, from the cars we drive, to the cultures, armed forces, and enemies we must face. There is little doubt that the world is undergoing a significant period of change because of the accelerating pace of globalization. This period of rapid change is as significant as the period of change that occurred during the agricultural and industrial revolutions. What this change will mean remains to be seen. For now, however, the international system is uni-polar, with challenges to the U.S. Globalism is an element of the uni-polar international system, not a system unto itself. The military would do well to pay attention to changes in the international system brought about by globalism.


since the 30 years of reform and opening-up, the circulation industry of China has made a great accomplishment, but also many problems exist. The paper will apply the concept of sustainable development to circulation industry and from putting people-oriented to discuss the explanation of the concept of sustainable development on circulation industry. In addition, this paper has designed people-oriented sustainable development road from consumer-based measures and an incentive system in the interests of employees.


Improvisation and indeterminacy seem to be aligned terms, both being associated with an acceptance of contingency and an openness to the unexpected. We can find diverse discussions of contingency across improvisation studies. Dan DiPiero, for example, usefully proposes a simple definition of improvisation as a 'contingent encounter', where contingency stands as an umbrella term temporally spanning the not-yet-known and the could-have-been-otherwise (2018, 2). Similarly, Gary Peters highlights that improvisation characterises choices 'within a contingent context, without absolute criteria, where all outcomes are thus intrinsically uncertain' (2012, 2). Meanwhile, indeterminacy in music is most associated with the work of John Cage and with the development of his understanding of 'experimental music'. DiPiero's and Peters's conceptions of improvisation are at first glance congruent with Cage's famous definition of the experimental act: 'not [...] an act to be later judged in terms of success and failure, but simply as of an act the outcome of which is unknown' (1961, 13). But how the terms of improvisation and indeterminacy have been deployed, and the musical practices they have been associated with, has not always borne this congruence out. The connections and divergences between improvisation and indeterminacy remain an open area of inquiry. This special issue of Contemporary Music Review follows from volume 38, issue 5, on the theme of 'Improvisation and Social Inclusion', edited by Franziska Schroeder, Koichi Samuels, and Rebecca Caines. That issue emphasised how, through the field of improvisation studies alongside a wide variety of practical endeavours, improvisation has come to take on a valence far beyond its traditional musical domain, becoming a tool for thinking through notions of exand in-clusion, diversity, and access, as well for engaging with wider social, cultural, and political issues, in diverse performance practices. The essays included in that issue took as their task examining how improvisation can enable us to explore new modes of inclusion and social organisation (Schroeder, Samuels, and Caines 2019, 442). Improvisation was widely understood Contemporary Music Review, 2021 Vol. 40, No. 4, 359–365, https://doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2021.2001934


The sixth-generation (6G) of wireless communications systems will significantly rely on fog/edge network architectures for service provisioning. To realize this vision, AI-based fog/edge enabled reinforcement solutions are needed to serve highly stringent applications using dynamically varying resources. In this paper, we propose a cognitive dynamic fog/edge network where primary nodes (PNs) temporarily share their resources and act as fog nodes (FNs) for secondary nodes (SNs). Under this architecture, that unleashes multiple access opportunities, we design distributed fog probing schemes for SNs to search for available connections to access neighbouring FNs. Since the availability of these connections varies in time, we develop strategies to enhance the robustness to the uncertain availability of channels and fog nodes, and reinforce the connections with the FNs. A robustness control optimization is formulated with the aim to maximize the expected total long-term reliability of SNs' transmissions. The problem is solved by an online robustness control (ORC) algorithm that involves online fog probing and an index-based connectivity activation policy derived from restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) model. Simulation results show that our ORC scheme significantly improves the network robustness, the connectivity reliability and the number of completed transmissions. In addition, by activating the connections with higher indexes, the total long-term reliability optimization problem is solved with low complexity.


A chaotic simple jerk system (SJS) that belongs to systems with self-excited and hidden attractors is introduced in this paper. The dynamics of the proposed SJS is analytically and numerically investigated. Interestingly, the influence of the time delay on the proposed chaotic SJS is studied. In addition, the physical existence of self-excited and hidden chaotic attractors found in the proposed SJS and in the time-delayed form of SJSs (TDSJSs) are verified by using Orcard-PSpice software. Finally, chaos synchronization of identical, unidirectional, coupled, proposed chaotic TDSJSs is also reported.


Composite photocatalysts Fe/ZnO-TiO2 with 12~48 nm in grain size and pure titanium dioxide powder were prepared with self-combustion process of citric acid sol.The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by using XRD and TEM.The influence of the addition of Fe3+ and Zn2+,citric acid volume and reaction temperature on the composition and structure of powders was analyzed.Their photocatalytic activity was tested by taking the methyl orange as a pollutant on the model.The result showed that the critical temperature for the crystal transfer from anatase-type TiO2 to rutile-type of TiO2 was 500~600 ℃.When the molar ratio of Ti(OBu)4 to citric acid was 9∶12 and the synthesis temperature was 550 ℃,the main crystal phase of the composite catalyst would be rutile-type TiO2 with small amount of anatase phase and ZnTiO3,and its efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange would be maximal,amounting to above 95%.


NADPH oxidase activity is a major source of superoxide anions (O2·−) in the human myocardium, linked with adverse short-term clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery, but its prognostic value for the long-term clinical outcome of these patients is unknown.

 To explore the association between NADPH oxidase activity in the human myocardium and the clinical outcome of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

 A total of 216 patients from the Oxford Heart Vessels and Fat (OxHVF) cohort were enrolled. Myocardial tissue samples were collected during cardiac surgery and used for RNA isolation and myocardial O2·− quantification using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (5μmol/L). The specific contribution of NADPH oxidase activity to myocardial O2·− production was quantified as the Vas287021 (40 μmol/L)-inhibitable signal following NADPH (100μmol/L) stimulation (Vas2870 is a NADPH oxidases inhibitor). Malonyldialdehyde and hsCRP levels were measured in plasma isolated from peripheral blood collected pre-operatively. Patients were followed-up for a mean of 2.9±1.4 years for the primary endpoint of cardiovascular mortality.

 Myocardial NADPH oxidase activity was not correlated with systemic oxidative stress (evidenced by malonyldialdehyde, panel A) or systemic inflammation (reflected by hsCRP levels, panel B). NADPH oxidase activity was significantly higher in the cardiovascular death group (panel C) and was associated with cardiovascular (HR [95% CI]: 1.53 [1.10–2.13], p=0.01 per SD increase) but not all-cause mortality (HR [95% CI]: 1.32 [0.96–1.80], p=0.08 per SD increase). This association remained significant after adjustment for EuroscoreII (HR [95% CI]: 1.80 [1.14–2.82], p=0.01 per SD increase). For an optimal cut-off value of 7,920 RLU/sec/mg tissue, patient survival was significantly poorer in the high vs. low NADPH oxidase activity subgroup (panel D). Adding NADPH oxidase activity to the baseline clinical model significantly improved model's performance (panel E). Interestingly, myocardial NOX gene expression levels didn't show any significance in mortality prediction, highlighting the fact that NADPH oxidase activity, rather than enzyme levels, is the key outcomes regulator.

 Increased NADPH oxidase activity in the human myocardium independently predicts high cardiovascular mortality in patients with advanced coronary atherosclerosis. Targeting NADPH oxidase in the human heart may be a rational therapeutic approach.

 BHF, EPSRC


The Amano Institute for Foreign Language Research (Dokkyo University, Japan) is engaged in a number of projects aimed at advancing the field of foreign language education in Japan. One of the projects in progress is the development of an online database of e-learning resources specifically aimed at teaching staff and students engaged in foreign language education in Japan. After briefly introducing the range of present ongoing projects at the Institute, this presentation will then showcase the e-learning database resource being developed, focusing on some of the e-learning resources presently identified and gathered, their practical applications to education in Japan, and how these resources have been practically implemented in the higher education classroom in Japan. In our ever-globalizing world, the importance of foreign language education is widely acknowledged. In Japan, where foreign language education is perceived as the key to maintaining global economic competitiveness, this importance is reflected in the recent changes at all levels of education in Japan—the introduction of foreign language education in elementary school, the increasing emphasis on intercultural and oral communication skills in secondary school, and the revamping of language education programs and facilities at schools of higher education. The newly-organized Amano Institute for Foreign Language Research (Dokkyo University, Japan) is engaged in a number of projects aimed at advancing the field of foreign language education in Japan. As a research fellow at the Amano Institute, the presenter is involved in a number of these present ongoing projects. One of the projects in progress is the development of an online database of e-learning resources specifically aimed at teaching staff and students engaged in foreign language education in Japan. After briefly introducing the range of presently ongoing projects at the Institute, this presentation will then showcase the e-learning database resource being developed, focusing on some of the e-learning resources presently identified and gathered, their practical applications to education in Japan, and how these resources have been practically implemented in the higher education classroom in Japan.


Presents some of the economic forces which are shaping the transformation of management thought. Examines the views of Polanyi and Anderson, stating that the reciprocal aspects of community and social relationships are necessary if the benefits of exchange are to be realized. Concludes that the idea that a simple, new concept will enable managers to control and optimize commercial endeavours is a myth.


' Tablet 32 of the purulli-iestivnl in the city Nerik; finished ' reads a colophon on a library catalogue tablet from the royal archives of Hattusas. Only small fragments of this massive Festritual actually survive, but the catalogue entry typifies a prominent genre of text in the archives. Historians may attach most value to the historical and political documents of the Hittite court, the annals, treaties, decrees, and letters. Such texts, however, form only a small part of the surviving corpus. The Hittites seem to have given as much weight to the maintenance of their various cults as to political enterprises, and the historical record shows occasions on which the king would interrupt a critical campaign in order to celebrate an overdue festival. This emphasis is reflected in the surviving archives by the high proportion of prescriptions for the rituals to be employed at the celebration of the numerous festivals (Festrituale), together with allied texts such as cult myths, omen collections, hymns, and prayers.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the health status of the divorced population according to their income status and to explain the social mechanisms. By analyzing 287 midlife men and women divorced within the last 5 years, we found a strong inverse relationship between their health and income status: the low-income divorced group was more liable to depression and poor physical health. Lack of social connections and having less hope for remarriage after getting a divorce were main factors explaining health vulnerability of the low income group among divorced. Further details have been discussed.


This thesis describes a study of the reaction of perox-omonosulphuric acid with some organic substrates, namely methyl orange, methyl red, and the olefinic acids, sorbic acid and 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid. The kinetics of each reaction in aqueous solution were determined over the pH range 2-10 and Activation parameters measured at the rate maximum. Feasible mechanisms and reaction products were suggested. A similar study was made on the reaction of peroxodisulphuric acid with methyl orange and methyl red to determine whether there were any similarities between the reactions of the two peroxoacids with these substrates. All the above work was carried out, where possible, in the absence of buffers by using a pH-stat system as a method of pH control.


Rail mishaps speak to an imperative wellbeing issue for the tranpotation in world. In past,had in excess of rail accidents that cost more than millions and millions. While a large portion of the rail accidents amid this period had next to no cost. The supporters of these accidents, the Federal Railroad Administration has required the railways engaged with mishaps to submit reports that contain both fixed field passages and stories that depict the qualities of the mishap. While various searchings at the fixed fields, no one have known what has happened. It depicts the usage of substance mining with a blend of sytems to thus discover setback qualities that can instruct a predominant perception of the supporters of the disasters. The examination surveys the sufficiency of substance mining of accident stories by assessing insightful execution for the costs of phenomenal incidents. The results exhibit that judicious precision for accident costs out and out improves utilizing features found by substance mining and farsighted exactness further improves utilizing current social occasion systems. Essentially, this examination moreover shows up through case points of reference how the disclosures from substance mining of the tales can improve cognizance of the supporters of rail accidents in habits unreasonable through simply fixed field examination of the incident reports.


The electrochemical behavior of N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine (DMMT) in an acetonitrile solution at a Pt electrode was investigated. By controlled-potential oxidation at 0.65 V (vs. Ag/0.01 mol dm−3 AgClO4), the dihydro compound (I-a), which had been considered to be an intermediate in the reaction forming benzidine, was probably obtained. I-a was gradually converted to N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2,2′-dimethylbenzidine (TMMB) in the solution within several hours. I-a was easily converted to TMMB by the cathodic re-reduction at −0.9 V or by adding either pyridine or water; this reaction pathway is useful for the synthesis of TMMB. Preliminary mechanistic information on the anodic oxidation of DMMT is also given by cyclic and ring-disk electrode voltammetry, current-reversal chronopotentiometry, and controlled-potential coulometry. The proposed reactions are: A–e→A\underset.+, A\underset.++A\oversetk→A-A\underset.+, and A-A\underset.+–e→DH22+, where A and A\underset.+ are, respectively, DMMT and its cation radical, D...


The aim of the present research is the evaluation of the extraction process effect on the chemical composition, the antioxidant activities, and the mild steel corrosion inhibition ability of Argania spinosa's extracts (alimentary oil (AO) and hexanic extract of roasted almonds (HERA)). The chemical composition revealed that both extracts have the same major compounds: Palmitic, linoleic, and stearic acids, with their order slightly different. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), weight loss measurements, and polarization curves were used to estimate AO and HERA's mild steel corrosion's inhibition capacity. Based on these three methods, AO registered, respectively, 81%, 87%, and 87% inhibition efficiency while HERA registered 78%, 84%, and 82% inhibition efficiency. The antioxidant activity of AO and HERA was examined in parallel with standard antioxidants (gallic acid and quercetin) using two assays: DPPH* scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). AO had less EC50 in both techniques (DPPH*: 3559.08 ± 161.75 μg/mL; FRAP 1288.58 ± 169.21 μg/mL) than HERA (DPPH*: 3621.43 ± 316.05 μg/mL; FRAP 1655.86 ± 240.18 μg/mL). Quantum chemical and molecular dynamic studies were employed to suggest the adsorption mechanism.


Research and development of smart vessels has progressed significantly in recent years, and ships have become high-value technology-intensive resources. These ships entail high production costs and long-life cycles. Thus, modernized technical design, professional training, and aggressive maintenance are important factors in the efficient management of ships. With the continuing digital revolution, the industrial shipbuilding applicability of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies as well as related 3D system modeling and processes has increased. However, resolving the differences between AR/VR and real-world models remains burdensome. This problem is particularly evident when mapping various texture characteristics to virtual objects. To mitigate the burden and improve the performance of such technologies, it is necessary to directly define various texture characteristics or to express them using expensive equipment. The use of deep-learning-based CycleGAN, however, has gained attention as a method of learning and automatically mapping real-object textures. Thus, we seek to use CycleGAN to improve the immersive capacities of AR/VR models and to reduce production costs for shipbuilding. However, when applying CycleGAN's textures to pipe structures, the performance is insufficient for direct application to industrial piping networks. Therefore, this study investigates an improved CycleGAN algorithm that can be specifically applied to the shipbuilding industry by combining a modified object-recognition algorithm with a double normalization method. Thus, we demonstrate that basic knowledge on the production of AR industrial pipe models can be applied to virtual models through machine learning to deliver low-cost and high-quality textures. Our results provide an on-ramp for future CycleGAN studies related to the shipbuilding industry.


This paper explores the phenomenon of ethnic entrepreneurship in Greece. Greece has been transformed from an emigration to an immigration country. Since the 1990s the majority of migrant workers occupy low paid, unskilled jobs in the informal economy. However, some set up (in) formal businesses. Ethnic entrepreneurs of our study have been excluded from social and economic opportunities. By running a business they struggle against exclusion, have control over their work situation (work hours, income) and gain emotional satisfaction and self-fulfilment. As we will show, self-employment is viewed as an 'alternative income-generating activity, a strategy towards inclusion, a feasible 'survival strategy' for escaping discrimination and exclusion given the lack of other employment options. In this context, entrepreneurship is not viewed as an economic behaviour structured by the existing economic and socio-political structures only, but also, as having an important subjective meaning for the self-employed migrant. We will demonstrate that ethnic businesses comprise a mosaic of formal and informal activities. Opportunities for participation of migrants in informal activities occur because of the high demand for informal provision of services and goods at competitive prices. The entrance barriers are lower than in the informal sector since one usually does not have to meet costs associated with running of a business. Although the development of ethnic business activities will be viewed as the outcome of interaction on one's legal status, economic resources, access to informal networks of support, individual aspirations and structures of opportunity (e.g. informal economy) available to migrants in the Greek case migrants are faced with structural disadvantages that push them into what is marginal self-employment. It is the peculiarities of the Greek case (large informal economy and high rates of self-employment and the multiple forms of exclusion they experience as they were in Greece) that encourage them to become ' survival' entrepreneurs, to strive to create a business of their own in the 'twilight zone' of the Greek economy where they often carry out extra-legal activities in order to 'survive'.


The tube conical nosing process can be resolved into three deformation instantaneous states, namely, free bending inflection straight forced conical nosing. The right transformation has important effects on forming quality of nosing parts. The conversion conditions from free bending to inflection straight and nosing failure causes were derived based on the energy method. The calculating formulate for critical semi-cone angle was proposed and verified by finite element simulation. It was found: the bigger the hardening exponent, the larger the value of critical semi-cone angle; the geometric parameters have litter effect on the value of critical semicone angle while the materials are same. The thin-walled nosing parts with large semi-cone angle would wrinkle and the multi-pass forming process should be adopted. When the semi-cone angle of part is greater than the critical angle, it leads to curl.


Gayo buffaloes are Aceh's local livestock resources which must be protected, preserved, and utilized sustainably by implementing aspects of animal raising per the provisions of the Directorate General of Animal Husbandry (1992) concerning technical aspects of raising buffalo livestock. This study aimed to determine the technical aspects of raising Gayo buffalo in Bener Meriah Regency based on the Decree of the Directorate General of Animal Husbandry (1992). This research was conducted from 1st August 2022 to 31st August 2022 in Bener Meriah Regency, including Bukit District and Mesidah District. The research area was chosen due to the distance, population density, and number of livestock. The method used is a survey with direct observation in the field, collected based on a prepared questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using averages, frequencies


This study investigates the effect of ring and compact spun yarns such as Sussen Elite and Com4 spun yarn on the physical and comfort characteristics of single jersey, rib and plain interlock knitted fabrics. The physical characteristics such as fabric aerial density, tightness factor, spirality and pilling behaviour were studied and statistically analyzed using Multivariable ANOVA analysis. The comfort characteristics such as thermal insulation behaviour (TIV), water vapour permeability, wicking and air permeability were studied and reported. The test results showed that compact spun yarn knitted fabrics such as Sussen Elite and Com4 yarn fabrics demonstrated higher thermal insulation behaviour in all the knitted structures when compared to ring spun yarn knitted fabrics. The low stress mechanical characteristics such as shear and compressional behaviour of ring and compact spun yarn knitted fabrics were also reported.


PURPOSE
To describe the clinical validation of symptoms or defining characteristics of three respiratory diagnoses. The contributing factors or etiologies of the diagnoses were identified and the degree of importance of 30 nursing interventions, 15 direct care and 15 teaching, was rated for each diagnosis and each patient. Three nursing diagnoses--ineffective breathing pattern (IBP), ineffective airway clearance (IAC), and impaired gas exchange (IGE)--were among the most frequently used, yet no reported clinical studies validated the defining characteristics of these diagnoses. This study answers the research questions: What are the defining characteristics of IBP, IAC, and IGE? What are the etiologies of IBP, IAC, AND IGE? What are the most important interventions for IBP, IAC, and IGE?

DESIGN
Standardized clinical validation using a convenience sample of 76 people hospitalized with medical and surgical diagnoses, in one U.S. city, and identified as having one of the three diagnoses. Data were collected in 1992-1993.

METHODS
A literature-based concept analysis generated 37 possible defining characteristics for the three diagnoses which were included in the instrument. The nurse experts conducted a health history and physical examination of each patients and decided (a) whether the 37 defining characteristics were present or absent, (b) the degree of importance of each possible defining characteristic for making one or more of the diagnoses, (c) the etiologies, and (d) which of the 30 nursing interventions were important for each diagnosis and patient.

FINDINGS
For each diagnosis, many of the 37 possible defining characteristics were judged as present but few reached the criterion of .50 as important for making one of the diagnoses. Two of the possible defining characteristics reached this criterion for IBP, seven for IAC, and two for IGE. In contrast to the defining characteristics approved by NANDA, the subjective cues of "expresses fatigue" and "expresses anxiety" were judged as important for making one or more of the diagnoses.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinical validation methods allow discriminating among defining characteristics. Data that are present are not necessarily characteristic of a diagnosis, and the subjective cues of expresses fatigue or anxiety may be important for making these diagnoses.


Turbulent Flow in pipes and ducts are one of the major research domains which considerably receives great attention due to its Importance in many engineering applications such as heat exchanger, nuclear reactor, Solar heater, and many industrial cooling machine and devices. Therefore, it has been the subject of interest for researchers. Local heat transfer and pressure drop on the pipe and Baffles take place in order to enhance the flow characteristics and thermal performance segmental baffles are implemented in the form of extended surface. Due to implementation of Baffle leads to significant turbulence which increases friction with the pipe or duct and improve heat transfer and furthermore leads to momentous pressure drop. In the present work local heat transfer and pressure drop along the length are examined and comparative analysis has been done between smooth and segmental Baffle pipe. It has observed that on implementing the Baffles improves the thermo hydraulic performance of the pipes and ducts. The analysis has been done with the help of Finite element volume tool ANSYS- Fluent, where simulation is being done. During the simulation wide range of Reynolds number in both laminar and turbulent flow regimes are considered. The FEV results are validated with well published results in the literature and furthermore with experimentation. The FEV and experimental results show good.


This article describes the impact of a MAPS process on team member agreement on postsecondary expectations and goals for a middle school student with Autism Spectrum Disorders in a rural area. The results revealed similarities and differences in the beliefs and expectations of the participants on the transition team and that the MAPS approach increased agreement in the short term.


T HE settlement of Virginia, so historians tell us, was a mercantile adventure, a purely business proposition. Behind it lay no organized religious interest as in Maryland or Massachusetts Bay, no Utopian expectation as in Pennsylvania, not even so vague a dream of philanthropy as created Georgia. It attracted no clique of intellectuals like the Puritan clergy, yet somehow, in its first tumultuous years, under the rule of a jointstock company and amid administrative confusion, it produced a literature. If we include in this literature, as legitimately we may, not only documents written in the colony but those produced in England by persons no less vitally concerned in the project, we can gather a small but substantial body of expression. Historians have treated this literature, most of it propaganda, much of dubious accuracy, a large part merely rhetoric, as possessing value only for documentation; literary critics cull out a few gems, and are condescending toward the remainder. I venture to suggest that there is an aspect to the material that has been overlooked: the men who wrote for and about Virginia, precisely because they were not dogmatists or visionaries, gave expression to a kind of averageness of the age that is worth serious study. Actually, if we take all this literature in review, put aside for the moment its utility as source material and regard it as an index, often an unwitting or inadvertent revelation, of what ordinary men, financeers, investors or planters, assumed were the cosmological conditions under which the enterprise was perforce conducted, then the Virginia literature becomes one of the most eloquent, even poignant, episodes in the emergence of the modern spirit. A great theme, vaster in conception than any of the writers could have framed by himself, elevates even the most ephemeral of these productions into a realm of universal meaning, and the philosophical student may, if he asks the right ques-


PURPOSE
A single-bout of aerobic or resistance exercise improves executive function. We sought to determine whether menstrual cycle variations in ovarian hormone concentrations differentially influences the expression and/or magnitude of a post-exercise executive benefit.

METHODS
Eumenorrheic female participants completed 20-min single-bouts of aerobic exercise (via cycle ergometer) at a moderate intensity (i.e., 80% of estimated lactate threshold) during the early-follicular (FOL) and mid-luteal (LUT) phases of their menstrual cycle. Pre- and post-exercise executive function was examined via antisaccades - an executive task requiring a saccade mirror-symmetrical to a visual stimulus. Antisaccades are an ideal tool for examining post-exercise executive changes because the task is mediated via the same frontoparietal networks as modified following single-bout and chronic exercise.

RESULTS
Antisaccade reaction times decreased from the pre- to post-exercise assessments by an average of 22 ms (p=.003) and this benefit was independent of changes in directional errors or endpoint accuracy (ps>.26). In other words, participants did not decrease their post-exercise RTs at the cost of increased planning or execution errors. Most notably, the post-exercise antisaccade benefit did not vary in magnitude across FOL or LUT phases (p=.33) and a two one-sided test statistic (i.e., equivalence testing) provided support for the null hypothesis (p=.008).

CONCLUSIONS
A post-exercise executive benefit is independent of hormonal variations in the menstrual cycle. Further, our results evince that the phase of a female participant's menstrual cycle should not be a limiting factor in determining their inclusion in exercise neuroscience research.


Book Citations: Authors, Title, HemaSphere, 2023;7(S3):pages. The individual abstract DOIs can be found at https://journals.lww.com/hemasphere/pages/default.aspx. Disclaimer: Articles published in the journal HemaSphere exclusively reflect the opinions of the authors. The authors are responsible for all content in their abstracts including accuracy of the facts, statements, citing resources, etc. 3738 p=0.04) were predictive of better TFS with MBI. Cytogenetics abnormalities and Immunoglobulin Heavy chain Variable (IgHV) mutation status did not impact the efficacy of MBI Summary/Conclusion: In this study, CCRC intervention prolonged LDT and TFS in the W&W of CLL. These results provide a basis for a larger randomized-control trial HemaSphere | 2023;7(S3) EHA2023 Hybrid Congress Copyright Information: (Online) ISSN: 2572-9241 © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Hematology Association. This is an open access Abstract Book distributed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) which allows third parties to download the articles and share them with others as long as they credit the author and the Abstract Book, but they cannot change the content in any way or use them commercially. Abstract Book Citations: Authors, Title, HemaSphere, 2023;7(S3):pages. The individual abstract DOIs can be found at https://journals.lww.com/hemasphere/pages/default.aspx.Book Citations: Authors, Title, HemaSphere, 2023;7(S3):pages. The individual abstract DOIs can be found at https://journals.lww.com/hemasphere/pages/default.aspx. Disclaimer: Articles published in the journal HemaSphere exclusively reflect the opinions of the authors. The authors are responsible for all content in their abstracts including accuracy of the facts, statements, citing resources, etc. 3739


The cAMP–protein kinase A (PKA) pathway plays a critical role in regulating neuronal activity. Yet, how PKA signalling shapes the population activity of neurons that regulate respiratory rhythm and motor patterns in vivo is poorly defined. We determined the respiratory effects of focally inhibiting endogenous PKA activity in defined classes of respiratory neurons in the ventrolateral medulla and spinal cord by microinjection of the membrane‐permeable PKA inhibitor Rp‐adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphothioate (Rp‐cAMPS) in urethane‐anaesthetized adult Sprague Dawley rats. Phrenic nerve activity, end‐tidal CO2 and arterial pressure were recorded. Rp‐cAMPS in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) caused powerful, dose‐dependent depression of phrenic burst amplitude and inspiratory period. Rp‐cAMPS powerfully depressed burst amplitude in the phrenic premotor nucleus, but had no effect at the phrenic motor nucleus, suggesting a lack of persistent PKA activity here. Surprisingly, inhibition of PKA activity in the preBötC increased phrenic burst frequency, whereas in the Bötzinger complex phrenic frequency decreased. Pretreating the preBötC with strychnine, but not bicuculline, blocked the Rp‐cAMPS‐evoked increase in frequency, but not the depression of phrenic burst amplitude. We conclude that endogenous PKA activity in excitatory inspiratory preBötzinger neurons and phrenic premotor neurons, but not motor neurons, regulates network inspiratory drive currents that underpin the intensity of phrenic nerve discharge. We show that inhibition of PKA activity reduces tonic glycinergic transmission that normally restrains the frequency of rhythmic respiratory activity. Finally, we suggest that the maintenance of the respiratory rhythm in vivo is not dependent on endogenous cAMP–PKA signalling.


New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) initiated a study with an objective to calibrate the AASHTO seasonal and temperature adjustment models, or to develop new ones that will take into consideration New Jersey specific environmental conditions. To achieve the objective, twenty-four pavement sections were instrumented to monitor pavement temperature and moisture, frost/heave penetration depth, rainfall and air temperature. A nondestructive testing (NDT) program was conducted on these sections for a period of two years. Seismic Pavement Analyzer (SPA) and Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) were used to evaluate the pavement structural response and pavement properties (elastic moduli) on a monthly basis. From the collected environmental and NDT data, temperature and seasonal models were developed through statistical analyses, such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. The scope of the project is presented and pavement evaluations using SPA are discussed. Correlation of pavement layer moduli to environmental variables from three seismic tests: Ultrasonic Surface Wave, Impulse Response, and Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves are presented, and observed trends are discussed.


The Role of Internistic Gastroenterology in Diagnostics, Staging, and Follow-Up of Gastrointestinal Lymphomas Primary gastrointestinal lymphomas are presenting predominantly with uncharacteristic clinical symptoms, impairing the diagnosis especially if the symptoms are located in the small intestine. Thus, dyspeptic or ulcer-like symptoms, intermittent diarrhea, abdominal colics or weight loss are claiming for endoscopic or radiologic investigation in order to establish the diagnosis. Besides elective endoscopy and specification of the histological entity of lymphoma by biopsy, emergency surgery verifies the majority of intestinal lymphomas complicating with perforation or bleeding. In such cases, the histopathological diagnosis of tumor type and stage is based on resection specimens. The choice of the individual mode of therapy depends on site, histological type and stage of the gastrointestinal lymphoma. Among various staging systems the Ann Arbor system with Musshoff's modification is most commonly applied, whereas the Lugano system and the TNM classification for lymphoma staging are seldom used. After the end of therapy, an assessment of the outcome by restaging is needed. In the case of complete remission of lymphoma, the follow-up schedule suggests endoscopy of the respective site every 6 months throughout the first 2 years, and yearly thereafter. Because of late relapses of lymphoma elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract or in other mucosa-associated locations, a lifelong surveillance of lymphoma patients is necessary.


Synge's interest in evolutionary theory is well-documented, and his plays are often viewed as representations of an Irish culture in decline. In response, this article argues that Synge's tramps, tinkers, and outcasts function as figures for species migration and cultural renewal. To demonstrate that Synge's drama has a footing in the science of speciation, the article details the extent to which Synge was directly familiar with works of evolutionary theory. Although he read Darwin and Herbert Spencer at about the same time, their respective influences show up at much different stages of his literary career. While Synge's earliest prose is most strongly influenced by Spencer's progressivist interpretation of evolution, Synge's Spencerianism soon gives way to a Darwinian interest in the bizarre affinities between the human and animal worlds, as well as to an appreciation of difference rather than a fetishisation of fitness.


Based on a multiparticle-state stimulated Raman adiabatic passage approach, a comprehensive theoretical study of the ultrafast optical manipulation of electron spins in quantum wells is presented. In addition to corroborating experimental findings [Gupta , Science 292, 2458 (2001)], we improve the expression for the optical-pulse-induced effective magnetic field, in comparison with the one obtained via the conventional single-particle ac Stark shift. Further study of the effect of hole-spin relaxation reveals that, while the coherent optical manipulation of electron spin in undoped quantum wells would deteriorate in the presence of relatively fast hole-spin relaxation, the coherent control in doped systems can be quite robust against decoherence. The implications of the present results on quantum dots will also be discussed. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.


Based on core porosity analysis and logging digitalization data,as well as Time Average Formula in acoustic wave propagation put forward by Willey,the factors affecting sandstone reservoir acoustic interval transit time(AC for short) were studied.And it was pointed out that there was no one-to-one correspondence between AC and porosity of sandstone reservoirs,and the argillaceous interstitial material content in sandstone reservoir,degree of compactness together with fluid components were important factors affecting AC.Moreover,correspondent correcting methods are put forward for different influential factors,after correction and core analysis,porosity and acoustic porosity correlation improve significantly;and the superiority is reflected in the permeability results,explained permeability coefficient of permeability and core related is as high as 0.9597.Because the model refers to many influential factors and specific correcting methods of all influential factors are put forward.Therefore,the method can be widely used and it is of great significance for improving the accuracy of reservoir porosity and permeability interpretation.


Many Galant expositions are demarcated by two half-cadential breaks—one following a resting point on V and the other following a resting point on the new-key V—each followed by a passage in the secondary key. In several of these cases, neither of the breaks convincingly stands out as the sole medial caesura and neither of the new-key themes convincingly stands out as the sole secondary theme. Modern theory has attempted to discuss such layouts via various proposed paradigms, with mixed results; these include evocations of layouts involving expositions with either a two-part subordinate theme, a two-part transition, or a so-called trimodular block. From the standpoint of eighteenth-century punctuation form, however, this expositional layout is entirely normal: it was discussed by many theorists from the time as a standard structure and is amply reflected in the repertoire from the time. Coming to grips with expositions with two half-cadential breaks, each followed by a new-key theme, helps highlight the difference between the eighteenth-century journey metaphors for form vs. modern container metaphors for form.


The collection analyzes medieval Russian literature in its most diverse
manifestations (The Tale of Bygone Years, the translated Legend of the Indian Kingdom, the message of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to the Metropolitan, the future Patriarch Nikon, etc.), poetry of the 18th century (above all odes by Lomonosov and
the poem by N.A. Lvov Russian 1791), Russian literature of the 19th century (Tyutchev,
Leskov, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Chekhov), works for children, children's literature, the
history of the New Year holiday in Russia, Russian anthroponymy, including literary.
Research by E.V. Dushechkina is diverse, reflects the breadth of the author's scientific interests, the desire to consider literary phenomena in a cultural context. Another distinctive feature of E.V. Dushechkina — invariable attention to 'particulars':
to little-known works of the classics (for example, these are the stories by Leskov
Waste Dancers and Offended before Christmas), to such marginal genres in comparison with 'big' literature as the Christmas story and the 'dacha' text. Among the
grateful readers of this book, there will undoubtedly be philologists, and cultural
historians, and school teachers, and students, and university professors.


The aim of this research is to study the seasonal histological changes in the digestive gland of males and females Nephrops norvegicus at the Pagasitikos Gulf. The food availability in Pagasitikos Gulf varies and depends on the seasonality, physicochemical conditions and diversification of organic material. After obtaining histological sections, the size of tubules, their lumens and the R-, F- and B-cells were calculated in March and May. A special image analysis algorithm was used that can automatically calculate both the above area ratios using digestive gland histological sections. Both male and female, which were sampled in May, had a larger density of lipid droplets than N. norvegicus sampled in March. However, females sampled in May had more lipid droplets per tubule and a smaller F-cell-to-tubule ratio than males, which indicated that the intensive feeding period had started for reproduction in the females. The digestive gland can be used as a nutritional indicator to assess the nutritional status of Nephrops stocks and to assist with the management of the Nephrops wild stocks by proposing a seasonal fishery management plan to improve the sustainability of the stocks.


The purpose of this research is to study the efficiency wood utilization as an energy source on timber drying. The research was conducted at big and medium scale industries of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood working which used steam boiler and air duct-fired stove, respectively and at small industry of ramin (Gonisthyllus bancanus) wood working which usedhot water-fired stove. The result indicated that the highest wood/waste energy efficiency obtained was 53 % from big, scale sengon industry which used slabs and trimmings waste as energy source and the lowest one was 14.20% from medium sengon industry.


Electric Spring is a smart demand side management equipment used in smart grids. This paper reports the voltage stabilization issue caused due to load variation in a wind driven self-excited induction generator based electric spring equipped isolated system. The controlling action of electric spring is mostly done by proportional integral (PI) controller. As PI controller is simple in structure but it can't tolerate the real time variation effectively. A sliding mode controller (SMC) is proposed in this manuscript, to prove its ability against load disturbance. The system under goes load variation to observe the response of both the controller. Performance comparison of both PI and SMC controller was done using MATRIX LABROTARY software. The comparative analysis shows that SMC is superior than PI in stabilizing the voltage of isolated system.


Background Non-pharmacological interventions are recommended to manage challenging behaviours among cognitively impaired older adults, however few studies have enrolled patients in acute care. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of implementing non-pharmacological interventions to manage behaviours in hospitalized older adults. Method A self-identity approach was used to identify potentially engaging activities for 13 older medically ill adults admitted to acute hospital; these activities were trialed for a two-week period. Data were collected on frequency of intervention administration and assistance required, as well as frequency of behaviours and neuroleptic use in the seven days prior to and following the trial of activities. Results Per participant, 5–11 interventions were prescribed. Most frequently interventions were tried two or more times (46%); 9% were not tried at all. Staff or family assistance was not required for 27% of activities. The mean number of documented behaviours across participants was 4.8 ± 2.3 in the pre-intervention period and 2.1 ± 1.9 in the post-intervention period. Overall the interventions were feasible and did not result in increasing neuroleptic use Conclusion Non-pharmacologic interventions may be feasible to implement in acute care. More research in this area is justified.


The effect of different concentration of date palm syrup (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) and sucrose at concentration of 30 and 60 g/l in addition to the control (without carbon source) on the micro propagation of date palm "cv. Suckary" were investigated. The results indicated that date syrup was taken up from the media as shown by the increase in total dry weight of culture. Addition of sucrose at 60 g/l produced the highest number of somatic embryos and longest shoot equal to that produced by date syrup at concentration of 6% without significant differences. On the other side, sucrose at 30 g/l improved the germination of somatic embryos followed by date syrup at 6%. Regarding fresh and dry weights, adding 6% date palm syrup was superior in this respect. Tissues grown on medium supplement with 10% of date syrup caused severe reduction in number of somatic embryo possibly due to the osmotic stress. In addition, tissues grown on medium containing 2% of date syrup had the lowest number of embryos. Date palm tissues are capable of utilizing date syrup as the sole carbon source for vegetative growth. It can be concluded that, adding date syrup locally known as 'Dibs' to the culture medium of date palm at concentration of 6% can be used totally as a replacement of sucrose which was the normally sugar used in most of plant tissue culture medium. This is the first report on the use of date syrup on somatic embryogenesis of date palm cv. Suckary.


Adaptive structures involving large imposed deformation often go beyond the boundary of linear theory and they should be treated as nonlinear structures. A generic nonlinear finite element formulation for vibration sensing and control analysis of laminated electro/ elastic nonlinear shell structures is derived based on the virtual work principle. A generic curved triangular piezoelectric shell element is proposed based on the layerwise constant shear angle theory. The dynamic system equations, equations of electric potential output and feedback control force defined in a matrix form are derived. The modified Newton-Raphson method is adopted for nonlinear dynamic analysis of large and complex piezoelectric/elastic/control structures. A finite element code for vibration sensing and control analysis of nonlinear active piezoelectric structronic systems is developed. The developed piezoelectric shell element and finite element code are validated and then applied to control analysis of flexible electro-elastic (piezoelectric/elastic) structural systems. Vibration control of constant-curvature electro/elastic beam and plate systems are studied. Time-history responses of free and controlled nonlinear electro/elastic beam and plate systems are presented and nonlinear effects discussed.


Background: Craniosynostosis, the premature closure of skull sutures, can cause a misshapen head and neurologic issues. Surgical correction may result in bone defects requiring additional surgery.

Case Description: We present a 5-year-old female who underwent cranioplasty for a skull defect and bulging brain after craniosynostosis surgery. Cranioplasty corrected the defect's functional and cosmetic aspects. CT with 3D reconstruction confirmed findings and aided planning. The patient underwent cranioplasty using mesh over the defect and had an unremarkable recovery.

Result: A 5-year-old had residual craniosynostosis bone defect and bulging brain. Cranioplasty used mesh over the defect, had unremarkable recovery. Early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach are key. More research is needed on this condition's prevalence, causes and management.

Conclusion: This case emphasizes early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach for craniosynostosis and related defects. A team approach addressing the condition's physical and psychological impacts on the child and family is crucial for optimal outcomes. Cranioplasty is critical, and success depends on expertise. This case highlights the importance of timely, appropriate craniosynostosis management and related defect care. We hope this report contributes to literature and improves outcomes for patients undergoing cranioplasty after craniosynostosis surgery.


This paper presents a compact embedded fuzzy system for three-phase induction-motor scalar speed control. The control strategy consists in keeping constant the voltage-frequency ratio of the induction-motor supply source. A fuzzy-control system is built on a digital signal processor, which uses speed error and speed-error variation to change both the fundamental voltage amplitude and frequency of a sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation inverter. An alternative optimized method for embedded fuzzy-system design is also proposed. The controller performance, in relation to reference and load-torque variations, is evaluated by experimental results. A comparative analysis with conventional proportional-integral controller is also achieved.


Data have been collected from a standard silicon sample with Cu Kβ radiation selected by means of a pyrolytic graphite monochromator mounted in the scattered beam. The peak shapes can be described reasonably well by Lorentz-type functions, but not by a Gaussian function. These results have been applied to the profile refinement of data for rhombohedral La0.75Sr0.25CrO3, a perovskite-type compound which is slightly distorted from the ideal cubic structure. The analysis, which employs a slightly modified version of a neutron profile program [Rietveld (1969), J. Appl. Cryst. 2, 65–71] indicates that the best compromise for the peak shape is a modified Lorentz function of the form A[1 + C(Δ2θ)2]−1.5 fitted over a range of two halfwidths on each side of the Bragg peak position. The results are compared with a similar refinement of neutron data collected from the same sample.


This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of laminated, magnetic induction machines intended for high-speed, high-temperature, high-power-density, silicon-based microengine power generation systems. Innovative fabrication techniques were used to embed electroplated materials (Cu, Ni/sub 80/Fe/sub 20/, Co/sub 65/Fe/sub 18/Ni/sub 17/) within bulk-micromachined and fusion-bonded silicon to form the machine structures. The induction machines were characterized in motoring mode using tethered rotors, and exhibited a maximum measured torque of 2.5 /spl mu/N/spl middot/m.


To the Editor We would like to contribute to the discussion of possible mechanisms involved in the pregnancy-induced restoration of the renal vasodilator response to glycine in Dahl salt-sensitive rats reported by Whitescarver and Heesch in the December issue of Hypertension. We want to call attention to the role of renal kinins, postulated as mediators of amino acid-induced hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration by Jaffa and collaborators. They have demonstrated in rats that the effects of amino acid infusion on glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and renal vascular resistance are associated with an increased production of kinins. The changes in glomerular hemodynamics induced by the amino acid load could be blunted by bradykinin antagonists and by infusion of aprotinin, a tissue kallikrein inhibitor, which prevented the increase of urinary kinins.


Objective
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic acromioplasty and rotator cuff repair for older patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears(RCTs).

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study.From January 2013 to December 2017, a total of 142 older patients with full-thickness RCTs were enrolled.Based on treatment methods, patients were divided into an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair group(operation group)and a conservative treatment group(control group). The operation group had 70 patients, including 26 males and 44 females, with an average age of 74.5 years(aged 66-83 years), and was followed up for≥12 months after surgery.The DEORIO and COFIELD criteria revealed 61 cases of medium tears and 9 cases of large tears in the operation group.The control group had 62 patients, including 27 males and 35 females, with an average age of 74.2 years(aged 65-82 years), and was followed up for≥12 months.There were 41 cases of medium tears and 21 cases of large tears, according to the DEORIO and COFIELD criteria.The visual analogue scale(VAS)scores, range of motion, Simple Shoulder Test(SST), Constant score were recorded pre-treatment and at 1-year post-treatment and compared between the two groups.

Results
132 older patients(70 in the operation group and 62 in the control group)were followed up for at least 1 year.There was no significant differences in VAS scores, range of motion, SST scores and the Constant score pre-treatment between the two groups(all P>0.05). However, the operation group was associated with significantly improved VAS scores, range of motion, SST scores and the Constant score at 1-year post-treatment, compared with the control groups(all P<0.05).

Conclusions
Arthroscopic acromioplasty and rotator cuff repair can improve shoulder function in older patients with full-thickness RCTs.The long-term follow-up results will be studied further.

Key words:
Arthroswpes; Shoulder pain


Based on the principle of differential pressure speed measuring,a new guide vane and multipoint flow-around flowmeter is designed.This flowmeter can be installed as the guide vane fixed in front of the export of pump inlet.In order to certify the feasibility and the stability of the flowmeter,aprototype of the new flowmeter is made.Combined with a pump unit model test,more performance tests are done under 15 working conditions on Yangzhou university high precision test-bed of the hydraulic machinery.The flow range covers from 640m3·h-1 to 1 340m3·h-1.Comparing and analyzing the measuring flow and the actual flow,it proves that the principle of the flowmeter is scientific and the structure is simple.It is easy to install and conveniently to operate.


Many organizations have implemented formal mentoring programs within the last few years. Some organizations have realized success with their formal mentoring programs, while others have not fared so well. A missing link with many formal mentoring programs is a corporate level mentoring strategy. The lack of a corporate level mentoring strategy inhibits the mentoring process from becoming an integral part of an organization's culture, therefore not allowing for the maximization of benefits that can be gained from effective formal mentoring processes and programs. Thus, this paper offers a framework for creating a corporate level mentoring strategy; a standardized mentoring process; and customized mentoring programs, all of which should align with the organization's strategic positioning to facilitate the achievement of maximum effectiveness from the implementation of formal mentoring programs.


This study examines the availability, cost, and consumer ratings of blood pressure–measuring devices relative to validation status across 10 countries.


A new technique, fluorescence microimaging (FMI), using single‐crystal phosphors was used to look directly at aerial images produced by an extreme‐ultraviolet (EUV) camera operating at a wavelength of 139 A. The achieved spatial resolution was estimated to be ∼0.2 μm. A comparison of this technique with the usual resist‐exposure scanning electron microscopy inspection technique as a means of focusing a 20×EUV Schwarzschild camera was performed. FMI could in principle be improved to view fluorescent images with features as small as 0.07 μm, in real time.


Studies have worked out measures to curb the poor performance problems. However, it is hard to investigate the actual reasons because of the diverse construction culture of different countries. This research aims to develop a framework for mitigating the problems triggering the poor performance via a novel classification. An empirical analysis of mean and relative importance index (RII) was performed in SPSS of collected data from 56 public projects in Malaysia from 2003 to 2014. Qualitative and quantitative data was analysed from Audit General's Reports, interviews, a pilot survey, and a full-scale experts' survey. Findings from research investigated that the most influential factors affecting poor performance are not genuinely linked with those investigated from Audit General's Report except a few. Furthermore, the study findings conclude that related financial problems and construction stage from project life cycle contribute to poor performance. The potential mitigation measures are worked out and validated via focused group discussions with experts. Finally, a framework was developed that emphasised Competent, Commitment, Communication, Comfort and Collaboration (5Cs) to mitigate the poor performance issues. The study is limited to identifying factors contributing to poor performance; however, relevant responsible stakeholders should also need to be identified in the future.


Recent studies have suggested a role of feather eating in the development of feather pecking in laying hens (MCKEEGAN and SAVORY, 1999, 2001). The relevance of feather eating for the laying hen is not known so far. The digestibility of protein of raw feathers is very low (MCCASLAND and RICHARDSON 1966). Therefore, feather eating may not contribute substantially to protein supply of laying hens. The function of feathers may influence the function of the gastrointestinal tract by their structural components. It has been shown that insoluble fiber increases the volume and motility of the gastrointestinal tract (HETLAND et al., 2004). We hypothesized that feathers may have a similar effect as insoluble fiber. It has been found that increased fiber contents improved the feather cover of laying hens due to less feather pecking (WAHLSTRÖM et al., 1998). This raises the question whether feathers may substitute fiber in hens fed conventional low fiber diets in order to improve the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract. Pelleted feeding and food restriction, which are known as risk factors for feather pecking (EL-LETHEY et al., 2000; NEAL, 1956), were used hypothetically to stimulate feather eating. Both, feeding pelleted diets and restricted feeding regimes lead to an intake of a high amount of feed within a short period of time (BESSEI et al., 1999). As the feed is stored in the crop, these feeding methods increase crop size temporarily. It was assumed that feathers accelerate the passage of the digesta, and thus leads to a rapid reduction of the crop contents. Since crop filling in laying hens can be easily scored by palpation, we investigated in the present study the relationship between feather eating, crop filling, feeding conditions and genetic line.


Simple Summary The impact of Clostridioides (C.) difficile on gut diseases in dogs is a subject of debate. In people, an imbalance in bile acids in the gut is often linked to the presence of C. difficile. This study examined the relationship between an imbalance in the gut bacteria (altered dysbiosis index and decreased C. hiranonis) and the presence of C. difficile in dogs. We looked at the following four different groups: dogs with digestive issues (submitted samples and those with long-term or short-term diarrhea) and healthy dogs. Our results showed that dogs with C. difficile often had a greater imbalance in gut bacteria and less of another type of bacteria (C. hiranonis). Importantly, regardless of whether dogs were carriers of C. difficile, this did not influence how well dogs responded to treatments for digestive problems. This suggests that, in dogs, the presence of C. difficile does not require special treatment. In short, while C. difficile is associated with microbiota dysbiosis and lower levels of C. hiranonis in dogs, its presence does not require changes in routine treatment. Abstract The role of Clostridioides (C.) difficile as an enteropathogen in dogs is controversial. In humans, intestinal bile acid-dysmetabolism is associated with C. difficile prevalence. The relationship between fecal qPCR-based dysbiosis index (DI) and especially the abundance of bile acid-converting Clostridium hiranonis with the presence of C. difficile in dogs was explored across the following 4 cohorts: 358 fecal samples submitted for routine diagnostic work-up, 33 dogs with chronic enteropathy, 14 dogs with acute diarrhea, and 116 healthy dogs. Dogs that tested positive for C. difficile had significantly higher DI (median, 4.4 (range from 0.4 to 8.6)) and lower C. hiranonis (median, 0.1 (range from 0.0 to 7.5) logDNA/g) than dogs that tested negative for C. difficile (median DI, −1 (range from −7.2 to 8.9); median C. hiranonis abundance, 6.2 (range from 0.1 to 7.5) logDNA/g; p < 0.0001, respectively). In 33 dogs with CE and 14 dogs with acute diarrhea, the treatment response did not differ between C. difficile-positive and -negative dogs. In the group of clinically healthy dogs, 9/116 tested positive for C. difficile, and 6/9 of these had also an abnormal DI. In conclusion, C. difficile is strongly linked to intestinal dysbiosis and lower C. hiranonis levels in dogs, but its presence does not necessitate targeted treatment.


THE problem of reducing perinatal mortality is closely related to the early and accurate recognition of foetal distress. Although the estimation of urinary oestrogen and/or pregnanediol before labour, and the continuous recording of the foetal heart rate during labour are of some value, the problem is far from solved. In this paper we present the results obtained with two less-known methods for the early diagnosis of foetal distress: the first is used before the onset of labour and before rupture of the membranes; the second is used after rupture of the membranes, and usually during labour.


We have carried out nearly continuous V-band photometry from Yunnan Observatory (China) and Behlen Observatory (Nebraska, USA) of IR Gem for over six days starting three days after a normal outburst in January 2002. Our observations show that the behavior of this SU UMa star is unexpectedly complicated, and that for IR Gem, quiescence is potentially more interesting than outbursts. We nd a photometric modulation with a period of 98.5 min, exactly equal to the spectroscopically determined orbital period. We tentatively attribute this to heating of the secondary. During the rst three days a modulation appeared with a period 5% longer than the orbital period. We suggest that this might be a signature of apsidal precession of an eccentric disk. During the middle of our period of observations a modulation with a period 3% shorter than the orbital period appeared. We invoke nodal precession to explain this. A slower modulation we found with a period of about 1.7 d is roughly consistent with the expected period of nodal precession. There is a puzzling 4.3 d period modulation that we suspect may be the result of beating between apsidal and nodal precession frequencies. We also nd inexplicable quasi-periodic cycles on timescales drifting from 0:2 to 0:4 days.


New electrolytic media and methods for energy storage and conversion are needed to fully realize the sustained use of renewable energy and complete removal of dependence on fossil fuels. Motivated by this urgency, researchers today are heavily invested in developing new electrocatalytic systems for carbon dioxide sequestration to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and new battery architectures, such as non-aqueous redox flow batteries, to keep solar energy at our disposal during peak times of energy consumption. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the conceptual frameworks for these two alternative energy technologies and a literature review of relevant work and inspiration in these fields. Chapter 2 demonstrates one of the first examples of ionic liquid voltammetry of a molecular species, namely (tpfc)Mn, and its electron transfer reactivity in ionic liquids with varying solvent viscosity, effective electrolyte concentration, and donor strength. As well as showing the non-unity diffusional properties of molecular species in ionic liquids and the capability of ionic liquid anions to coordinate to molecular species, these studies suggest the viability of ionic liquids as conductive media for energy storage and conversion. Chapter 3 introduces methods for immobilization of molecular catalysts in polymeric ion gels, a general strategy that bridges the divide between homogeneous solution-state catalysis and heterogeneous solid-state catalysis. These results provide insight into how environment, catalyst concentration, catalyst mobility, substrate availability, and dielectric properties of a medium all affect the catalytic response and overpotential for CO2 reduction. Further implementation of these ion gel composites in solid-state devices, in aqueous environments, and in gas diffusion electrodes is also discussed. In Chapter 4, a brief overview of the use of boranes as capping ligands for cyanide is provided. The synthesis, electronic properties, and theoretical calculations of homoleptic, boronated Fe(II) hexacyanoferrates are reported. Addition of borane to cyanometallates dramatically alters electronic structures and is a novel method for permanent modification of formal potentials while simultaneously maintaining or improving electrochemical reversibility and ambient stability. These complexes are characterized and studied by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, UV-vis, IR, and Raman spectroscopy, and flash-quench photolysis. Chapter 5 extends the unique reactivity of borane adducts to the characterization of a full series of hexaisocyanoboratometallates (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Os), compounds which demonstrate the concept of cyanide as a "variable-field" ligand, including magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, luminescence studies, excited-state lifetime studies, and electrochemistry. As electrolytes for non-aqueous redox flow batteries, these species exhibit excellent Coulombic and voltage efficiencies and fast electron transfer rates. The highly oxidizing species will also find use as reversible oxidants for chemical oxidations. Chapter 6 extends the concept of modifying formal potentials to heteroleptic cyanometallates (M = Fe, Ru) with diimine ligands (L = bipyridine, phenanthroline, 4,4'-trifluoromethylbipyridine). These species are shown to be potent excited-state reductants and oxidants, strong and long-lived phosphors, and promising electrolytes for symmetric, non-aqueous redox flow batteries. These data also demonstrate improved excited-state lifetimes for borane-appended species, likely due to inhibition of non-radiative decay pathways. Chapter 7 focuses on the generation of a solution stable, square pyramidal Co(II) species, which is studied by electrochemistry, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, X-band and Q-band CW EPR, and pulsed EPR techniques (HYSCORE, ENDOR). These studies demonstrate that boronation of cyanide differentially affects the energies of ligand field transitions based on π backbonding ability.


There are many pulse-coded sequence solutions for a pulse compression design that are available from D. A. Huffman's polynomial approach. If a sequence of length 13 is considered then there are 122 independent sequence solutions for the autocorrelation function of design. Out of this diversity of possible solutions some will be usable because pulse train energy utilization is high. The components of any chosen sequence possess different amplitude and phase excitation values which could be implemented by today's technology. In this paper an "interference blanker" is defined as a device that permits simultaneous operation of two or more pulse compression equipments so that there is no suppression of range resolution accuracy. The pulse compression decoder for the modified D. A. Huffman impulse-equivalent pulse trains is shown to be an " interference blanker" because the cross-correlation function between any two usable sequence solutions shows great variation from the autocorrelation function of design. Because in a practical implementation, there is a limit to the time sidelobe reduction that can be accomplished, D. A. Huffman's zero time sidelobe condition is modified. As an example, the ten most favorable sequence solutions for the time sidelobe level of 32.3 dB and a sequence length 13 are studied.


A low-voltage CMOS class AB OTA with rail to rail input/output swing, low supply voltage and very high slew rate is presented. The scheme is based on a combination of floating gate transistors, local common-mode feedback and class AB input. The proposed OTA does not suffer from typical reliability problems related with initial charge trapped in the floating gates devices. Simulation and experimental in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology verify the scheme operating with 1V dual supply and 1.9 Vp-p input and output swing.


Reinforcement of polymers with particles to enhance their mechanical properties for various applications cannot be over emphasized. Hence, the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of polyester resin matrix composites reinforced with pineapple leaf particles was studied in order to develop an engineering material for industrial applications. Pineapple leaf particles treated and untreated with NaOH were separately blended with unsaturated polyester resin. 1 g of catalyst and 0.5 g of accelerator were added to the mixture to achieve a homogeneous interfacial interaction. The composites were made by mould casting and their microstructure and mechanical properties were evaluated. The NaOH treated pineapple leaf particles reinforced composite exhibited the highest tensile strength of 98.73 MPa at 15 wt. % and impact energy of 20.73 J at 20 wt. %. Microstructure showed a fairly uniform distribution of the pineapple leaf particles in the polyester resin matrix coupled with the strong interfacial bonding of the filler and matrix as the major factors responsible for the enhancement of the tensile strength and impact energy of the composites.


reading of the book asks us to revisit simplistic definitions of hybridity as automatically subversive and assimilation as automatically reactionary in order to see them within a specific historic and cultural moment. Koshy quite deliberately chose to narrow the scope of her study. She says, "The emphasis on situating works in a historical and political context is better served by a close analysis of a particular texts than an extensive coverage of the range of such texts" (25). As a result, Koshy has left much for future scholars to explore. One might fruitfully examine early 20-century, Asian American produced, inter-racial narratives as a counter-narrative to Butterfly and Blossoms or, conversely, read the Asian American produced work against contemporary images of Asian American miscegenation in the mainstream fiction of the 1930's and 1980's. Scholars might also extent Koshy's work to mid-century narratives by, for instance, locating earlier representations of what Koshy calls the sexual model minority in Jasmine in films such as The World of Suzie Wong (1960) and Japanese War Bride (1952). The impulse to imagine these future projects is a response to the importance and timeliness of Koshy's contribution to both Asian American and multiracial studies. Koshy's vibrant historical, sociological, and cultural contextualization and her ability to lucidly theorize the impact of multiple racial categories, gender, class, and national ideologies could, and should, serve as a model for those future studies. leilani nishime


This research aims to design and develop a program for the interface between a robot and a handheld computing or personal digital assistant (PDAs) under the C compiler. The program name is robot.prc. The system interfaces with serial communication with a baud rate of 9600 bps. In this research, the system consisted of three operational modes. The first mode allows the user to customize the robot commands. The second mode, instructs the robot to follow the predefined line by using information from light sensors, and the third mode inquires the use of a hand drawn route map, in which the user sketches an approximate map on PDAs for the robot. A sketched route map is drawn to help the robot navigates efficiently along a path according to the commands.