Introduction: Transfection efficacy after nonviral gene transfer in primary epidermal cells is limited. The aim of this study was to compare transfection efficacy of the recently available method of nucleofection with established liposomal agents used in the laboratory. Methods: Primary human keratinocytes (HKC), human fibroblasts (HFB) and a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were transfected with reporter gene constructs pCMVLacZ (beta-galactosidase) or pEGFP-N1 (enhanced green fluorescent protein) by FuGENE6™ or Amaxa Nucleofector™ device. After corresponding time points beta-galactosidase expression was measured using a quantitative chemiluminescence assay, normalized for the amount of total protein in the lysate. Additionally, an X-Gal staining to determine the transfection efficiency, an MTT-test to examine the cell proliferation and an analysis of cell morphology via CASY ® -system were performed. Each sample was measured in triplicates. Results: Transgene expression after nucleofection in HKC and HFB was noticeably earlier (3 h vs. 24 h) and higher (10 % vs. 0.2 %) compared to liposomal gene transfer, whereas the immortalized HaCaT cell line showed lower transfection rates than primary cells. After liposomal gene transfer, 80–90 % of the cells remained proliferative whithout any influence on cell morphology. In contrast, nucleofection led to an increase in cell size and resulted in only 40–50 % proliferative cells. Conclusion: This study gives evidence that nucleofection appears to be a very good alternative to liposomal gene transfer in epidermal primary cells to achieve high and early expression rates in vitro.


This study aims to describe higher order thinking skills in solving open ended problems on the material of a two variable linear equation system for class IX students of SMP Negeri 5 Mataram in the 2021/2022 academic year. The Indicators of higher thinking skills consist of analyzing, evaluating, and creating. This type of research is a mixed methods. Mixed method research was research that combines qualitative and quantitative research.The data of this research were collected through observation, tests, interviews and documentation. The subjects of this research was used purposive sampling method. The data collection with the test method was carried out on 20 subjects. Data collection by interview method was conducted by selecting 6 students based on the results of the higher order thinking skill ability test, namely 2 students in the high category, 2 students in the medium category and 2 students in the low category. The results showed that 15% of students had higher order thinking skills in the high category with an average score of 77.67, 45% of students in the medium category with an average score of 62.97 and 40% of students in the low category with an average score.  average 26.48.  The students' higher order thinking ability is in the low category with an average value of 50.58.  The achievement of analyzing indicators is 60%, evaluating indicators is 47% and indicators creating 47.5%.


The invention discloses a method for controlling power-switching stable operation of an air-conditioner unit of a dual-powered trolley bus. The method comprises the steps: S1, a detection circuit real-timely monitors the voltage of a network cable power supply and the electric quantity of storage batteries and transmits detection values to a main logic control unit; the main logic control unit sends high-level/low-level signals of forced energy-saving and forced shutdown and an air-conditioner unit enters a forced energy-saving status or a forced shutdown status according to each control signal; S2, under the forced energy-saving status, the detection circuit real-timely monitors the voltage of the network cable power supply and the electric quantity of the storage batteries and transmits the detection values to the main logic control unit; the main logic control unit controls the air-conditioner unit to keep the forced energy-saving status or enter the shutdown status or recover normal operation according to the detection value. The air-conditioner unit is operated according to the control signals transmitted by the main logic control unit; when the trolley bus is running by switching the power between a high-voltage overhead line network and a wireless network zone, the stable operation of the air-conditioner unit is maintained and the driving mileage of the electric vehicle is guaranteed sufficiently.


Context. Proper motion measurements provide unique and powerful means to identify the driving sources of mass outflows, which are of particular importance in regions with complex star formation activity and deeply embedded protostars. They also provide the necessary kinematic information to study the dynamics of mass outflows, the interaction between outflows and the ambient medium, and the evolution of outflows with the age of the driving sources.

Aims. We aim to take a census of molecular hydrogen emission line objects (MHOs) in the ? Ophiuchi molecular cloud and to make the first systematic proper motion measurements of these objects in this region. The driving sources are identified based on the measured proper motions, and the outflow properties are characterized. The relationship between outflow properties and the evolutionary stages of the driving sources are also investigated.


The characteristics of main reservoir and the factor of formation damage by kill fluid in middle Sichuan oil and gas field are analyzed in this paper. The development, evaluation and application of kill fluid WG are presented. The results show that kill fluid WG has wide range of density (1.00~1.80 g/cm 3), low formation damage, low corrosion (0.076 mm/a), high thermal stability (up to 150℃) and its field use is convenient.


The paper presents the theoretical analysis of the recuperative cycle boiling pressure impact on the efficiency of the heat losses recovery system mobile compressor unit based on the Rankine cycle. The analysis was carried out on the basis of three heat carriers: water, freon R11 and ammonia. According to the study results, the Rankine cycle efficiency was shown to depend on the heat carrier relative boiling pressure. In addition, the heat carrier relative boiling pressure increase results in the fuel saving increase and therefore in the heat losses recovery system MCU efficiency improving.


Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of modified Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Banxia decoction for treatment of infantile asthma and its impacts on lung function and Clara cell secretory protein. Methods: Ninety infants with asthma were randomly and equally divided into treatment group and control group. Patients in the treatment group were given modified Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Banxia decoction,while patients in the control group received anti- infection therapy with budesonide and compound ipratropium bromide for aerosol inhalation. The treatment outcomes were evaluated after 5 days of treatment. Results: The cure and marked response rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group( 82. 2% vs55. 56%,P 0. 01). There were no significant differences in relief of cough,dyspnea,or wheezing between the two groups( P 0. 05). However,compared with the control group,the treatment group had significant improvement in wheezy phlegm in the throat and lung( P 0. 01). Moreover,the treatment group had significant improvements in regulation of Clara cell secretory protein and FEV1 and PEF at 2 weeks after treatment compared with the control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Modified Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Banxia decoction is safe and effective in the treatment of infantile asthma. This therapy can warm the lungs for resolving phlegm and lower adverse qi for relieving asthma by regulation of the innate immune system.


In this paper,some experiments were determined on preservative of cut carnation flower using different antibiotics.The results of experiment indicate that antibiotic is able to put off wilting degree of flowers and promote fresh degree and opening degree by analysis of fresh heavy,water balance,flower-path and vase life.Synthetical index indicates that effects of 30 mg/L streptomycin,10 mg/L penicillin and 30 mg/L rifampicin preservatives are optimum.


The principle of dynamic management of the measuring system with the bioelectric geodynamic monitoring is considered in the article. It is noted that the sources and measuring sensors are spatially fixed on the a priori information on location and form of karst irregularities. The required accuracy and reliability of measurements may be ensured by means of controlling parameters of the probing signals. The algorithm for dynamic formation of the probing signals in a distributed system of the low-frequency electro-location monitoring of karst anomalies has been designed. This dynamic management of electrical installation in the registration of geodynamic changes in the geological basis of technical objects is based on a priori information on the form of karst heterogeneity and respectively selection of the elementary geo-electric model. These methods may be used at organization of regime for geodynamic observations, at design of geodynamic monitoring system in the area of the proposed karst suffusion. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is useful for forming the probing signals to optimize geodynamic-monitoring system and enables identification of geodynamic behavior of the object at the geodynamic monitoring and improvement of noise immunity of the whole system.


The effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on stress among caregivers of psychiatric patients was examined in Krishna Nursing Home at Coimbatore. Quasi experimental one group pre test post test design was adopted in this study. During the data collection period 32 samples were drawn purposively. A pre test was administered using the caregiver stress assessment scale to assess the stress of participants. Then mindfulness therapy was administered to the participants for consecutive 10 days followed by a post test. Appropriate statistical technique was used to analyse the data. The results revealed that there was a significant decrease in the stress of the participants. This concluded that mindfulness therapy was effective in reducing stress among caregivers of psychiatric patients.


The invention provides a method and a device for processing service. The service processing method comprises steps: an original card number for requesting service processing is received; according to the original card number, a hash value corresponding to the original card number is calculated, and an index card number corresponding to the original card number is acquired according to the hash value corresponding to the original card number; and the index card number is sent to an entity for processing the service to enable the entity to process the service according to the index card number. Corresponding index card numbers are built for a large amount of original card numbers in the system respectively, absolute one-to-one correspondence between the index card numbers and the original card numbers can be ensured under high concurrency, and search convenience in conditions in which a credit card number is encrypted and passwords are changed frequently can be ensured.


Phase diagram of the S = 1 ferro(antiferro)-magnet: Possibility for a low temperature reentrant phase transition Abstract We have studied a spin one model hamiltonian similar to that introduced by Blume-Emery-Griffiths to study the phase separation and the λ transi-involves two interactions, namely, quadrupolar type interactions denoted by E and magnetic exchange interactions denoted by J. To study anal-itycally the possible phase transitions and phase diagram of this model we map the hamiltonian onto that of the classical spherical model (CSM). We find that in zero external magnetic field no phase transition occurs in one and two spatial dimensions, in analogy to what happens in the CSM. Nonetheless, in three dimensions we find that when E J < 6 a regular paramagnetic-ferromagnetic(anti-ferromagnetic) PM-FM(AFM) phase 1 transition takes place at a critical temperature. In the parameter range 6 < E J < 6 + x c , with x c ≈ 0.124, in addition to the regular PM-FM(AFM) phase transition there appears a reentrant FM(AFM)-PM phase transition at low temperatures. This last transition is due to the competition between magnetic and quadrupolar interactions, where at the end the latter wins destroying the ferromagnetic(antiferromagnetic) ordering, giving rise to a paramagnetic phase at low temperatures. We also find a third parameter region, namely, 6 + x c < E J where no phase transition occurs at any temperature because the quadrupolar interactions suppress any ferromag-netic(antiferromagnetic) phase. On the other hand, when there is a homogeneous external magnetic field H, we find no evidence for a phase transition in d = 1, 2 spatial dimensions, for both, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. In a homogeneous magnetic field there is no phase transition to the state with spontaneous magnetization for ferromagnetic interactions even in 3d, since the paramagnetic phase has a nonzero magnetization in this case, nonethelesss, for antiferromagnetic interactions we do get a scenario similar to that described above for zero external magnetic field, except that the critical temperatures and value of x c are now functions of H. In fact, we find two critical field values: (i) H c1 = [(4 − 2/ ln 2)/2]H c ≈ Hc 2 at which x c (H) = 0 and the reentrance phenomenon dissapears and (ii) H c = 24J where the PM-AFM transition temperature vanishes. Finally, a generalized spherical-like restriction, which seems to be correct for any case, is also introduced and briefly discussed.


The first thing must be assured in the application of Article I of GATT1994 is that whether or not a measure is one of the "advantage,favour,privilege or immunity" being referred to in Article I:1,and Article III:8 must be applied to "all matters refered to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article III" in Article I:1.The second thing must be assured is whether or not the benefit is immediately and unconditionally given to other contracting parties.Neither lawful condition nor factual condition should be attached to the benefit.It can't be accepted that it is a decision made by the commence choice from the enterprise.To correctly obey their obligation,the members must give the benefit to the same or like production from other contracting parties;the character of the products and the knowlege of the consumers should be used to determine whether or not the products are same or like.


The advent of high precision measurements of neutrinos and their oscillations calls for accurate predictions of their interactions with nuclear targets utilized in the detectors. Over the past decade, ab initio methods based on realistic nuclear interactions and current operators were able to provide accurate description of lepton-nucleus scattering processes. Achieving a comprehensive description of the different reaction mechanisms active in the broad range of energies relevant for oscillation experiments required the introduction of controlled approximations of the nuclear many-body models. In this review, we give an overview of recent developments in the description of electroweak interactions within different approaches and discuss the future perspectives to support the experimental effort in this new precision era.


This paper considers the challenges in the architectural design of cyber-physical systems (CPS). Cyber-physical systems are real-time control and coordination systems that rely on computational infrastructure. We help to elucidate these challenges by comparing cyber-physical system design to system-on-chip design. We then survey CPS architectures and identify several important challenges.


An essential resource for the operation of GNSS is the radiofrequency spectrum (spectrum). The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is Australia's spectrum regulator. As such, ACMA facilitates access to the spectrum for GNSS services by applying international and domestic regulatory policies and frameworks, as well as the technical specifications associated with the latest examples of GNSS. ACMA consideration includes assessment of interference potential with other services, for example, Defence's Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS). In addition, ACMA has declared RNSS jammers to be prohibited devices. ACMA aims to: maximise, by ensuring the efficient allocation and use of the spectrum (by services such as GNSS), the overall public benefit derived from using the spectrum; provide a responsive and flexible approach to meeting the needs of users of the spectrum; and to encourage the use of efficient radiocommunication technologies so that a wide range of services of an adequate quality can be provided. The regulatory framework which ACMA applies to GNSS includes the provisions of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) – a United Nations specialised agency; the Australian Radiofrequency Spectrum Plan (which reflects international arrangements with local variations); and Licensing arrangements. Considering the clear future public benefits of GNSS, ACMA will continue to endeavour to accommodate GNSS advances within an increasingly complex regulatory environment. Through its involvement with the Australian


Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful measurement tool, widely used in microfabricated structure inspection. However, since it is typical that the fixed tilting angle of a probe is employed in traditional AFM, the corner and sidewall image of the scanned sample would be distorted. To overcome the problem, a so‐called adaptive tilting angle algorithm (ATAA) applied to a self‐designed dual‐probe AFM system is presented to achieve on‐line sidewall estimation during scanning of general samples. Through the use of the proposed ATAA, the tilting angles of dual probes for each scan line can be self‐adjusted to the optimal ones. Overall, a probe tilt mechanism is designed, which allows the AFM system to change the tilting angles of the probes during the scanning process such that the dual‐probe structure AFM can acquire a complete high precision image with just a single scan. The experimental results show the performance of sidewall measurement and the high‐precision image obtained by the proposed method.


In this chapter we will present the progress made in automatic speech recognition for Romanian language based on the ASRS_RL (Automatic Speech Recognition System for Romanian Language) research platform. Speech recognition is a research domain with a long history, but despite this fact, still open for new investigations and answers to the not yet finally solved questions. This situation can be explained by the difficulty of the task, underlying on the fact that speech is a human product, with a high degree of correlation in content, but with a great variability in the formal manifestation as an acoustic signal. Great difficulties cause also the imperfection of the audio chain and the noises in the environment. The best-known strategies for speech recognition are the statistical and the connectionist ones, but fuzzy sets can also play an important role. Based on HMM's the statistical strategies have many advantages, among them being recalled: rich mathematical framework, powerful learning and decoding methods, good sequences handling capabilities, flexible topology for statistical phonology and syntax. The disadvantages lie in the poor discrimination between the models and in the unrealistic assumptions that must be made to construct the HMM's theory, namely the independence of the successive feature frames (input vectors) and the first order Markov process. Based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), the connectionist strategies for speech recognition have the advantages of the massive parallelism, good adaptation, efficient algorithms for solving classification problems and intrinsic discriminative properties. However, the neural nets have difficulties in handling the temporal dependencies inherent in speech data. The learning capabilities of the statistical and the neural models are very important, classifier built on such bases having the possibility to recognize new, unknown patterns with the experience obtained by training. The introduction of fuzzy sets allows on one hand the so-called fuzzy decisions, on other hand the "fuzzyfication" of input data, often more suitable for recognition of pattern produced by human beings, by speaking, for example. In a fuzzy decision, the recognizer realizes the classification based on the degree of membership to a given class for the pattern to be classified, a pattern belonging in a certain measure to each of the possible classes. This O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .ite ch on lin e. co m


Tympanograms and stapedial reflexes using otoadmittance meter, and audiograms were analyzed in 215 children (430 ears) between 4 to 12 years of ages who were diagnosed as having adenoid vegetation in ENT clinic of Kitano Hospital during january in 1975 and September in 1978. Adenoidectomy was performed in 109 patients under general anesthesia.In children of adenoid vegetation, B type tympanogram was observed in more than half cases. Many cases with B type tympanograms showed hearing disorders and negative stapedial reflexes. On the other hand, normal audiograms were obtained in the most cases with A type tympanograms.After adenoidectomy, the improvement of hearing threshold in an averaged speech frequency range and 4kHz was observed in the first place, then, B type tympanogram was aluered to A or C type, and lastly, stapedial reflexes became positive in about 70 percent of the operated cases. The improvement in the hearing threshold, the tympanogram pattern and the stapedial reflex were noted within 30 to 60 days after adenoidectomy. It was concluded that adenoidectomy was indicated in the cases showing B type tympanogram with hearing disorder, and the postoperative observation should be continued til the positive stapedial reflex was obtained.


It is known that, the vibrotactile sensation on an index finger can be masked by other vibration of the same frequency that presented to the forearm. In our study, we aim to use this phenomenon to mask vibration sensation and remain only pressure sensation, those produced by electrical stimulation. In the experiment, we used 50 Hz of mechanical vibration and 50 pps of electrical stimulation, those presented on the palm and index finger respectively. Result shows the possibility of our approach for masking electrical vibration sensation, and we observed that after-masking pressure sensation produced by cathodic stimulation is stronger than that by anodic stimulation.


In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for identifying the logic of digital services. Digital services are those services that we acquire after the digitalization of previously non-digita ...


In this work a pencil ionization chamber was evaluated. This evaluation consisted in the determination of the influence of the ionization chamber components in its response. For this purpose, the Monte Carlo simulations and the spectrum of the standard diagnostic radiology beam (RQR5) were utilized. The results obtained, showed that the influence of the ionization chamber components presented no significant influence on the chamber response. Therefore, this ionization chamber is a good alternative for dosimetry in diagnostic radiology.


The present studies entitled "Studies on diversity of insect pollinators of mango (Mangifera indica L.) under coastal Odisha condition" have been undertaken during flowering season, 2018-2019 at OUAT orchard, Bhubaneswar, CHES, Bhubaneswar, Farmer's field, Berhampur and Farmer's field, Sakhigopal, so as to evince that the present status of various insect pollinators on mango inflorescence. The number of species varied between 9-17 with the diversity index of 0.7978-0.9053. The diversity was almost uniform in early (0.3936) and late flowering period (0.4921) as compared to mid flowering period (0.6987). Diversity (0.5019-0.5820) at different day hour i.e. 08:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 01:00 p.m. and 04:00 p.m. didn't show significant variation.


Natural coagulants have been the focus of research of many investigators through the last decade. In general, these coagulants are used as a point-of-use technology in less-developed communities as they are relatively cost-effective, compared to chemical coagulants; they can easily be processed in usable form and are biodegradable. Chitosan and Cactus were used as natural coagulants in this study to reduce the turbidity in brackish water. Some jar tests were conducted in order to optimize the coagulant dose, speed, rapid mixing time, and pH of the medium. The initial turbidity values, measured at 53.5 NTU, were reduced by as much as 97.08% (chitosan) and 93.35% (cactus). The turbidity removal capacity determined in this study indicated that chitosan and cactus Opuntia have the potential to be used in brackish water treatment applications.


Aqueous salt solutions containing cations of higher oxidation state, like Ce,Cr, Fe, and others are being reduced to lower oxidation state by iodide (I) ions quantitatively in acidic medium; and the redox reactions that takes place are spontaneous and raid. Such reactions are feasible because the reduction potentials (1.44V, 1.33V and 0.771V respectively) of these cations (oxidizing agents) are higher than the I (reducing N.Suma, T.Jeevananda, O.G.Palanna* R and D centre, RNS Institute of Technology, Channasandra, Bangalore-61, (INDIA) E-mail : email@example.com Received: 2 September, 2009 ; Accepted: 12 September, 2009


university of toronto quarterly, volume 73, number 1, winter 2003/4 how they will do it. Lastly, the editing, rife with spelling and grammatical mistakes, and the choice to forge a two-part division, separating Lismer=s >Life in Art= and >Arthur Lismer=s Ideas in Education,= did not serve the book well. The curious redundant organization of the book seems to be derived a bit too closely from the finished work of Grigor=s master=s and doctoral theses on Lismer rather than from a conceptual longitudinal reflection of integrative analysis and contextual framing of the argument. Sadly, further and more in-depth consideration of this important topic would have made for a much stronger work. (E. LISA PANAYOTIDIS)


The design of various experiments in order to assess and simulate the effects of the acid activation of an Algerian bentonite on the bleaching capacity of Colza oil is described. Three key parameters of the acidic activation, namely acid concentration, contact time and temperature, were considered. The calculations made indicated that all variables display advantageous effects up to a certain level on the effectiveness of bleaching, regarded as the responsefunction. The acid concentration exerts a predominant individual effect as compared to the other parameters. Some small interactions between parameters were considered. High bleaching capacity reached 99% as optimal activation. Under accurate statistical measurements, synergy phenomena could be observed. Excessive activation is discussed in terms of loss in both porosity and acid strength.


He pleaded guilty in Justice Court in Whittier on March 4, 1931, and was fined $150. Another druggist, H. A. Ball of Santa Fe Springs, pleaded guilty and was fined $25, as no known cases of paralysis developed from the sales he made. Jacob Rosenbloom was taken into Municipal Court by the writer, and with the co6peration of the Los Angeles City Prosecutor's Office, was found guilty by a jury of eleven women and one man and sentenced by Judge Ellis A. Eagan on May 16 to one hundred and eighty days in jail and $500 fine, which is the maximum penalty under the law. About fifteen other charges are pending against him in addition to the Federal charge of conspiracy to evade the National Prohibition Act. Up to the date of this paper, May 21, 1931, the only prosecutions which have been made in this state against those selling adulterated fluid extract of ginger, have been made by the Los Angeles County Health Department and convictions have been secured in each case. Dr. J. L. Pomeroy, with the co6peration of the district attorney's office and State Senator McKinley, succeeded in having this year's state legislature pass a bill requiring a physician's prescription to obtain fluid extract of ginger from a drug store. So far as is known, this is the first and only legislation which has been passed by any state to protect its citizens against "jake paralysis." The recent outbreak of "jake paralysis" may be said to be an end result of so-called prohibition. Almost all of these cases give a history of having used liquor for many years. When the Volstead Act became a law and they were deprived of their usual toddy or daily drink of whisky, they could not afford to pay bootleggers' prices or buy prescription whisky, so they bought their fluid extract of jamaica ginger for fifty cents a bottle. It was the poor man's way of getting a drink of liquor. As one of these victims told the writer, he was afraid of bootleg liquor but thought it would be safe to buy fluid extract of jamaica ginger, containing 85 per cent alcohol and with the United States Pharmacopeia stamp on the label, from the druggist from whom he had bought drugs for many years. Little did he realize that the bootleggers had taken advantage of the demand for this old household remedy as an alcoholic beverage, and had adulterated it and poisoned it with a ginger substitute, tri-ortho-cresylphosphate, in order to make greater money profits. One woman victim had purchased the jamaica ginger extract for stomach cramps and is paralyzed as a result! Los Angeles County will now have as county charges most of these two hundred "jake" victims for the rest of their lives because they couldn't get along without some form of alcoholic stimulant, even if we do have the Eighteenth Amendment. It needs no great stretch of the imagination to calculate the outlay of the thousands and thousands of dollars which in the course of years the taxpayers will thus be called upon to pay in the care of these now public dependents. Whittier Health District. POSTURAL TENSIONS FOR NORMAL AND ABNORMAL HUMAN BEHAVIORTHEIR SIGNIFICANCE*


Objective To probe into the effect of PDCA cycle type home nursing intervention on subjective well - being and life quality of coronary heart disease patients. Methods A total of 130 coronary heart disease patients were divided into observation group of 65 patients ( patients who live family bed) and the control group of 65 patients (for the special out - patient referral in patients with chronic diseases), the observation group was given home care using PDCA cycle implementation of the intervention, control group was given rourine community care interventions. The sense of subjective well - being of patients was tested by Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale (MUNSH), the quality of life (QOL) was assessed the quality of life scale (SF-36) developed by the American Medical Association. Results After home nursing intervention, the well - being score and quality of life score of observation group were significantly improved, and better than those of the control group. Conclusions The application of PDCA cycle of the implementation of home health nursing interventions can improve subjective well - being and quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease, and improve patients' outcomes and lower recurrence rate.

Key words:
Coronary heart disease;  PDCA cycle;  Home nursing;  Well- being;  Quality of life


ABSA's technical support to develop a white paper regarding the concept of infectious dose. ABSA was asked to consider whether infectious doses for organisms could be defined in such a way to potentially develop permissible exposure levels to those infectious agents. The following paper was researched and developed by ABSA's Technical Review Committee and Council in support of the ABSA/OSHA Alliance. A pathogen's infectious dose (ID) is one of many factors that are considered when a biological hazard analysis is performed. The NIH Recombinant DNA Guidelines and the CDC/NIH Guidelines for Bio-safety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories recognize many factors interact and contribute to an organism's ability to infect the host. Since the ID varies based on a number of factors, it is often prudent to conduct specific job hazard analysis or risk assessments to determine the appropriate precautions used in a microbiological laboratory. Factors to be considered in determining the level of containment include agent factors such as virulence, pathogenicity, infectious dose, environmental stability , route of spread, communicability, operations, quantity, availability of vaccine or treatment, and gene product effects such as toxicity, physiological activity, and allergenicity. The infectious dose of the agent is another factor to consider. Infectious dose can vary from one to hundreds of thousands of units. The complex nature of the interaction of microorganisms and the host presents a significant challenge even to the healthiest immunized laboratory worker, and may pose a serious risk to those with lesser resistance. The laboratory worker's immune status is directly related to his/her susceptibility to disease when working with an infectious agent (NIH Guidelines, 2002; CDC-NIH, 1999). By analogy with the LD 50 metric that is used to communicate chemical toxicity, OSHA has asked ABSA to evaluate whether infectious dose would provide a meaningful parameter for communicating the relative and absolute risks of infectious agents. In this paper, ABSA examines the current opportunities associated with the development or ex-trapolation of infectious dose values, and the subsequent application of infectious dose in a regulatory setting. ABSA has identified the challenges in defining endpoints for the term " infection " (and consequently , for " infectious dose "), and the challenges associated with the interpretation of data from dispa-rate studies. ABSA believes that the current internationally recognized system for assigning pathogens to one of four Risk Groups based on numerous factors is prudent and has worked well over time, and should …


About Generalized Kantorovich Inequality,selecting proper norm of matrix formulation and its upper limit applies to estimating parameter of relative efficiency of linear model.By spectval norm,the upper limit of Generalized Kantorovich Inequality is ameliorated and then applies it to the relative efficiency of least squared estimator of linear model.


The lowest infrared active perpendicular fundamental ν9 of disilane has been analysed on a Fourier transform spectrum between 320 and 430 cm−1, at the spectral resolution of 0.0012 cm−1. The rotation–torsion structure of this band is affected by x,y Coriolis interactions with excited torsional levels of the vibrational ground state, correlating with components of 3ν4 and 4ν4 in the high barrier limit. The interaction of ν9 and 4ν4, forbidden in the D3d symmetry limit, is allowed between components of E torsional symmetry under the G36(EM) extended molecular group, because of the large amplitude of the internal rotation motion. We could determine the values of the main vibration–rotation–torsion parameters of ν9, interaction parameters, and the vibrational wavenumbers of the four torsional components of 3ν4 and of the E3d component of 4ν4. The intrinsic torsional splitting of ν9 is found to be smaller than in the ground vibrational state by 0.0066 cm−1, in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. The possibility of observing the effects of D3d-forbidden interactions in the spectra of ethane-like molecules is also discussed.


Daily and monthly flow-rates of the Little Nemaha River in Nebraska were simulated by the lumped-parameter Jakeman-Hornberger as well as a distributed-parameter water-balance accounting procedure for the 2003-2008 and 2000-2009 periods, respectively, with and without the help of the MODIS-based monthly estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) rates. While the daily lumped-parameter model simulation accuracy remained practically unchanged with the inclusion of the monthly MODIS-based ET rates interpolated into daily values (R2 of 0.66 vs 0.68, simulated to measured runoff ratio remaining the same 96%), the monthly water-balance accounting model outcomes did improve to some extent (from an R2 of 0.67 to 0.7 with simulated to measured runoff ratio of 72% vs 115%). In both cases the models had to be slightly modified for accommodation of the ET rates as predefined input values, not present in the original model setups. These results indicate the potential practical usefulness of satellite-derived ET estimates (CREMAP values in the present case) in monthly water-balance modeling. CREMAP is a calibration-free ET estimation method based on MODIS-derived daytime surface temperature values in combination of basic climatic variables, such as air temperature, humidity and solar radiation within a Complementary Relationship framework of evaporation.


Abstract Digital elevation data spaced on a regular 30 m grid were generated over a region of moderate topography in south-east Australia. Six algorithms for calculating gradient and aspect from these data were compared. General linear regression models and the third-order finite difference methods were the most accurate.


Research of trace element in coals mainly places on three aspects. Well understanding concentration, migration, transformation and occurrence of trace element in coal utilization offers basic formation for researches on environmental effect of coals. In addition, trace elements in coal are the indicator for geologic condition in coal-forming. What's more, some high enrichment trace element in coal could be exploited as mining resource, such as Ge, Ga and U. Xujiahe Formation are the main coal bearing strata in Chongqing, but previous research have less report on these coals. In this paper, we discuss the chemistry of coals, petrographic compositon of coals, the abundance of trace element and the element-enriching factor for Changhebian coal in ChongQing. A total of 10 representative coal seam channel samples approximately 15 cm across and 10 deep were taken from fresh face in Changhebian coalfield, Chongqing, excluding dirt partings thicker than 3cm. The collection of samples was in accordance with the Chinese Standard for Collecting channel Samples GB482-1995. Simultaneity, partings, roof and floor samples of these coals above were collected. Samples were ground to about 80 mesh and press in to coal pellets, maceral constituents and vitrinite reflectance were determined using MPV- (cid:267) photometer system. Samples for geochemisty analysis were crushed and ground to less than 200 mesh. X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis was use to determine the major elements including P, Al, Ca, Na, Mg, Si and Fe. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the trace element contents in coal, Mercury were determined by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, Fluorine was determined by ion-selective electrode.


A simple tailor-made protocol to synthesize graphene-based magnetic nanoparticles (GbMNPs) for nanomedicine is herein reported. Different GbMNPs with very distinctive physicochemical and toxicological properties were synthesized by adjusting the number of carbon precursors in the coating of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In vitro tests show the ability to use these GbMNPs as intelligent and on-demand drug nanocarrier systems for drug delivery, exhibiting the following features: good colloidal stability, good loading capacity of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, high pH-controlled release of the encapsulated drug (targeting tumour acidic pH conditions), superparamagnetic behaviour and biocompatibility. Due to their combined properties (i.e., physicochemical, magnetic, and biocompatibility), GbMNPs show high potentiality to be combined with other biomedical techniques, such as magnetic hyperthermia, which can represent an enhancement in the treatment of cancer.


The invention discloses a method for preparing a fish ovary germ cell chromosome. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing a living mature ovary and washing the living mature ovary with normal saline; putting the ovary in normal saline containing 1mug/ml estrogen, cutting the ovary into small sections, and putting the ovary sections on a shaker for culturing for 1-3 hours at room temperature by keeping out of the sun; coating a layer of 1 percent agar at the bottom of a culture dish and filling a 4 percent glacial acetic acid solution; putting several cultured ovary sections into the 4 percent glacial acetic acid solution; after the ovary sections move to an animal pole, peeling off the ovokaryons; peeling off yelks on the peripheries of the ovokaryons; putting the ovokaryons in pre-cooled Kano stationary liquid for freezing overnight, wherein the Kano stationary liquid is prepared by mixing methanol and glacial acetic acid together, and the volume ratio of the methanol to the glacial acetic acid is 3:1; putting 3-5 ovokaryons frozen overnight on a glass slide for 10-20 seconds; then putting the glass slide carrying the ovokaryons into a dye vat containing a coloringagent for dying for 30-45 minutes by keeping out of the sun; and after the glass slide is soaked for 30 minutes in pure water by keeping out of the sun, covering cover glass on the glass slide.


The tensile yield stress,flexural modulus,notched Izod impact strength of modified PET,including PET/EN-MFMB,PET/EN-MFMB (E∶N),and PET/EN-MFMB (Ce/Rs),with different elastomer content prepared by thermal-mechanical blending PET with self-made modification multifunctional masterbatch (EN-MFMB) were investigated.The results showed that when PET was modified by EN-MFMB,the toughness of PET was largely increased,and at the same time the rigidity of PET kept unchanged.When the content of EN-MFMB was 24.2%,the notched Izod impact strength of PET increased up to 4.54-fold,with its tensile yield stress and bending modulus kept unchanged.FM were 103% and 99% of that of the pristine PET respectively.With the decrease of the ratio of E-resin to N-elastomer (E∶N),the tensile yield stress decreased little,bending modulus kept unchanged,and the notched Izod impact strength of PET/EN-MFMB (E∶N) increased gradually.When the ratio of Ce to Rs (Ce/Rs) in the MFMB was about 6∶4,the modification effect for PET was the best.The overall mechanical properties of PET/EN-MFMB were better than those of PET/PN-MFMB and PET/EM-MFMB blends.


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between credit rating scales and debt maturity choices. A liquidity hypothesis is used to formulate the testable proposition and conceptual framework. Generalized linear model (GLM) and pooled ordinary least square (OLS) are utilized by SAS programming to test the proposed hypothesis. Other different estimation techniques are also used for robust evidence. Results suggest that companies with high and low ratings have a shorter debt maturity. Companies with medium ratings have longer debt maturity structure. Liquidity shows a negative association with longer debt maturity structure. It is evident that at high rating scale with high liquidity, and at lower rating scales with lower liquidity firms have a shorter debt maturity. Mid rated firms with a low probability of refinancing risk show longer debt maturity structure. Considering refinancing risk by Asian companies make the nonlinear relationship between credit ratings and debt maturity choices. Results suggest the importance of credit ratings for the optimization of debt maturity structure of Asian firms, which was totally overlooked by the past studies. The findings of this study are consistent with the liquidity hypothesis. The findings also motivating financial managers and investors to consider credit ratings as a measure of financial constraints.


The total synthesis of Lupisoflavone (V) is achieved using the HTIB-mediated oxidative rearrangement of 6′-benzoyloxychalcone (II) as the key step.


Technology in devices being used for airport security could lead to the development of more advanced skin cancer screening, recent research suggests.


A solution is presented to the problem of quickly detecting the end of an asynchronous parallel computation, in which processors exchange task request messages asynchronously, and termination occurs when all processors are idle and no messages are in transit. The proposed termination detection scheme is based on a nite automaton consisting of only two states, and one possible transition between states. This solution is superior in many cases to ad hoc solutions such as polling processors periodically to see if they are done, because it is simple, eecient, and has fast response time. Simulation results show that the scheme has low overhead.


The Scrovegni Chapel represents without doubt a masterpiece in the history of painting in Italy and Europe in the 14th century and it is considered the most complete series of frescos executed by Giotto in his mature age. Given the crucial importance of the building from a cultural point of view, in 1995 a systematic research campaign started, including the execution of studies on the structural health state of the Chapel. The final aim is to guarantee optimal preservation conditions on the occasion, and in direct continuation, of the restoration of the Giotto's frescoes performed in 2001-2002. The investigation plan, based on nondestructive techniques, includes punctual tests, periodically repeated, and continuous monitoring, direct measurements and indirect identifications (back-analysis) of relevant structural parameters. Although the structural layout of the chapel is apparently simple, the protection of the monument is strongly connected to the fact that its historic and artistic value cannot be separated from the structure itself and the effects of strengthening interventions carried out in the last 150 years need to be carefully evaluated. In this framework a structural health monitoring system has been recently installed by the authors. A network of static and dynamic sensors controls the relevant parameters related to the structural safety of the monument and the protection of the artistic content. The paper describes the diagnostic investigations carried out, including ambient vibration tests, crack pattern survey and identification of possible ongoing degradation phenomena. Then the installed monitoring equipment is presented focusing on the algorithms developed and implemented into a processing software to perform the online automatic analysis of static data and the identification of modal parameters. Relevant features extracted from monitoring data are then used as inputs for the application of damage detection algorithms and the numerical calibration of a finite element model of the structure.


We examined the psychometric properties of a quality of life measure, the WHOQOL-BREF, in male treatment-seeking veterans. A sample of 131 veterans at an outpatient clinic completed a mail-in survey that included the WHOQOL-BREF as well as measures of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety symptoms, and functional health status. The WHOQOL-BREF showed evidence of good internal consistency and strong test-retest reliability. In addition, analysis of results demonstrated evidence of construct, convergent, and discriminant validity. The results suggest that the WHOQOL-BREF is a reliable and valid measure that can be used in the planning of psychological services provided to veterans with mental health problems.


Abstract : An angle servo preamplifier for use in the tracking antenna servo drive system of a precision tracking radar system. The angle servo preamplifier processes tracking error signals indicative of tracking antenna pointing errors with respect to a target. The preamplifier is comprised of an input differential amplifier stage, a phase control stage, a sample and hold stage and a power amplifier stage. In addition, interfacing circuitry is included for coupling the preamplifier to the azimuth/secant correction system of the tracking radar system. The sample and hold stage includes 'deglitching' circuitry for suppressing sampling/switching transients. And, to accommodate a bipolar tracking error signal while utilizing a single voltage supply, the power amplifier stage performs d.c. level translation. (Author)


Distributed Generation (DG) sources predominantly renewable energy-based like solar photovoltaic and wind energy sources are considerably penetrated in power system networks. This high penetration of DG sources may lead to the formation of unintentional islands which is hazardous to both the equipment and personnel, if sustained. In this paper, 46 passive parameters are considered to find out which candidate(s) are promising for detecting sustained unintentional islands and avoid false DG trips. These 46 parameters are derived from point of common coupling (PCC) voltage, DG output current, frequency, power factor angle, active and reactive powers. All these parameters are tested on standard IEEE 13 and 34 bus distribution networks integrated with inverter-interfaced DGs at different locations for different penetration levels in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The parameters are tested for different islanding events (comprising of various local loads such as conventional parallel RLC resonant load, R, RC, and RL loads) and for different non-islanding events. The parameters are then ranked accordingly by a suitable averaging approach based performance ranking technique. From this analysis, the best candidates are obtained for detecting inverter DG islands at single-point (or single PCC) location and multi-point (or multiple PCCs) locations. Multiple best passive candidates are obtained for different island scenarios from which a set of promising islanding detection indicators are proposed.


This paper briefly reviews some aspects of the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of prostaglandins based upon studies in dog rat and man. Prostaglandin E1 has been proven to lower blood pressure and to induce a rise in heart rate without abolishing the cardiovascular effects caused by catecholamines. PGE1 completely inhibits the stimulation of lipid mobilization by catecholamines in dog but does not seem to have any effect on blood glucose or to inhibit the effects of catecholamines on glucose level in blood. More studies are required to confirm the hypothesis that low infusion rates of PGE1 stimulates the lipid mobilization in vivo while inhibiting it at higher rates.


Laboratory investigations. There was evidence of partial impairment of cellular immunity, with a decreased T4/ T8 ratio, a decreased in vivo response in the 'Multitest' to recall antigens, but a normal in vitro response of lymphocytes to different mitogens. Using a polymerase chain-reaction method, examination of biopsies of a verruca plana-llke lesion and a pityriasis versicolor-like lesion revealed human papillomavirus (HPV) type 17 DNA sequences in both.


The S-alkylation and aminomethylation of the latter leading to their 3-mercapto- and 2-aminomethylene-substituted derivatives have been studied. Results of antitumor activity testing of the synthesized compounds are presented and discussed.


E-government is the organic combination of information technology and government management function. From the point of service integration, "One-stop" E-government service integration can take CRM (customer relation management) as the guidelines, VO (virtual organization) as the method and TQM (total quality management) as the guarantee. Then, following such a principle of "making the application convenient, making the examination and approval declined, making the transaction normative and making disposal transparent", "One-stop" E-government application model and its function are put forward based on the combination of abovementioned CRM, TQM and VO. KeywordsE-government; "One-stop"; Service integration


Most systems in real life are non deterministic. For non deterministic systems, this paper presents the definition of distinguish sequence for observable states in reachable sets , and for the implementations of systems reduced following observational equivalence, presents an algorithm to derive the distinguishing sequence of each reachable set.


South Africa has a low school completion rate of 40% (2002 2009), resulting from low-quality education as prime concern (Van der Berg et ai, 2011: 1, 13). Consequently, this situation signifies a majority of learners being unsuccessful in mainstream education leaving them very little opportunities in "further" education. They (unsuccessful school leavers) have poor further education and employment prospects. Some of the unsuccessful school leavers resort to FET colleges for further education, but the programmes are not designed to address their specific educational needs. FET (mainstream) schools also refer poorly performing learners to FET colleges, oblivious of the high standard of vocational education programmes and associated entry requirements. Despite the fact that mathematics and physical science are compulsory for engineering studies (NC(V) and NATED), schools refer learners performing poorly in these subjects to engineering studies to "learn to work with their hands." However, these programmes are not specifically designed for skills training per se. The educational options unsuccessful school leavers have, do not make provision for their educational situation. They cannot learn effectively and this results in poor performance in mainstream school education and vocational education at FET colleges. Their ability to learn is further hampered by poor language, mathematics and science proficiencies fundamental to learning. South Africa does not have an educational component like the second chance schools in Great Britain and Europe to accommodate these learners. The European Commission initiated second chance schools for out-of-school unemployed (NEET) young people in 1995 and ran 12 pilot projects in 11 countries in Europe and England, from 1997 to 1999 (Chistolini, 2008:219). Greece, inter alia, established 48 second-chance schools across the country and reduced school dropout from 22,4% in 1995 to 15,9% in 2006. The situation of unsuccessful school leavers in South Africa, constituting an annual dropout of 60%, necessitates similar education to provide learners opportunities in further education and to give them hope. South Africa needs to improve learners' ability to learn and develop cognitive and psychomotor ability on a much larger scale than that of European second chance education. Simultaneously, school dropout must also be reduced by improving education on all levels of the system. Both of the mentioned aspects should be attempted by changing educational approach and presentation strategies based on sound psychological learning theories. Unsuccessful schoolleavers' education (the South African version of second chance education) should focus more on development of learning ability than the European counterpart does. Learners need to


Using Johansen multivariate cointegration test with structural break and Granger-causality based on vector error correction model, the interactions between stock prices (KLCI) and monetary policy variables (M1, M2 and interest rate) are examined in the Malaysian setting using monthly data for the post 1997 Asian financial crisis period from January 2000 to May 2008. Four major conclusions can be drawn from the results. First, evidence of significant cointegration relationships prevails only when structural break is considered in the models. Second, among the monetary variables, only interest rate (money market rate, MM) has a direct short-run relationship with stock prices whereas the relationships between monetary aggregates and stock prices are indirect through MM. Third, all three monetary variables consistently show long-run impacts on stock prices. Fourth, between the two monetary aggregates, M2 consistently prevails as an effective monetary policy tool whereas M1 fails to assume such function. The policy implication of this study is that Bank Negara Malaysia can rely on interest rate rather than money supply as short-term measure to manage the stock market more effectively. However, in the long-run, both interest rate and money supply (specifically M2) can be relied upon to monitor the stock market condition. Investors in the meantime may interpret results of this study as supporting evidence that the stock market in Malaysia is still inefficient. Accordingly, they should exploit new information triggered by changes in monetary policy stance to formulate their future investment strategy.


I chose this topic because it is a topic that affects the population and lack of jobs reduces people's income and thus consumption becomes increasinglyn smaller. The necessity of this article is given to the evolution of the political, socioeconomic background of developments in the phenomenon, based on a number of nfactors. The objective of this article is to present an analysis of the phenomenon in the period before the economic crisis and during the period affected by the global crisis.


Dinitroaniline and phosphorothioamidate herbicides disrupt microtubule assembly from tubulin protein dimers and thereby halt microtubule-based processes such as mitosis in plant cells. Despite the contrasting chemical properties of dinitroaniline and phosphorothioamidate herbicides, a three-dimensional molecular analysis revealed remarkable electrostatic similarity between these two classes of herbicide. From these data it is proposed that dinitroaniline and phosphorothioamidate herbicides share common binding site(s) in the plant cell.


This paper makes a review of the research development of Chinese L2 learner's acquisition process of Chinese language in the last decade.The author analyzes the research characteristics of the learner's acquisition process and the weakness,makes a prospect for development trend of the future research.


This paper introduced the working principle of the coiler firstly,and analysed two structures of coiler mandrel:rectangular pyramid and spreader cone.Then it compared the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of structures,and selected the structure of rectangular pyramid for coiler mandrel in the pickling line of a cold rolling plant by analysis and calculation.


In this paper, we present an implementation of the URC(Ubiquitous Robotics Companion) robot S/W platform which is based on the Qplus/Esto. We applied this platform to the NETTORO which is made by hanwool robotics for URC exhibition services and test the URC services on it. We expect this platform to be used in variable URC robots as standard S/W platform for improving the compatibility and reusing the developed components.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the blood type of a family with B(A) blood type.

METHODS
The serological blood type of the family was determined by routine tube method. Exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were amplified by PCR and subjected to Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS
Serological testing of the proband and her elder son showed a discrepancy which was initially identified as B(A) subtype. Her husband and second son were identified as blood type O. Sequencing of the proband and her elder son has identified an O02 allele and a 640A>G mutation compared with the B101 gene. Her husband and second son possessed the same genotype of O01/O02.

CONCLUSION
The 640A>G mutation of ABO gene probably underlies the B(A)04 subtype.


CCNs are specific type of matricellular proteins, which are essential signaling molecules, and play multiple roles in multicellular eukaryotes. This family of proteins consists of six separate members in mammals. The architecture of CCN proteins is multimodular and comprises four distinct motifs. CCN proteins achieve their specific physiological functions by binding to integrin receptors. The CCN family has been implicated in both cure and disease with impacts on biological interactions, such as cell adhesion, chemotaxis and migration, mitogenesis, cell survival, angiogenesis, differentiation, tumorigenesis, immune functions, chondrogenesis, and wound healing. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women triggered by atypical expression of CCNs. A favorable or unfavorable association between various CCNs has been reported in patients with breast carcinomas. Aberrant expression of CCN1 intensifies the proliferation of epithelial cells that line the lobes and ducts of the breast. Evidence also shows that the expression of CCN2 can ameliorate tumor growth and metastasis. However, CCN3 (NOV), CCN5 (WISP-2), and CCN6 (WISP-3) are consistent with neoplastic development and metastasis repression. Particular CCN members can develop tumors and cancer progression, whereas others can competitively counter the processes. Several studies have been conducted on CCN proteins and cancer in recent years. In our study, we intend to provide an overview of those research works while keeping breast carcinoma on focus. We believe that the importance of the CCN protein family in breast cancer should be reconsidered.


1. Hope WW, Walsh TJ, Denning DW. (2005). The invasive and saprophytic syndromes due to Aspergillus spp. Medical Mycology: 43 (suppl. 1): S207-38. 2. Levy H, Horak DA, Tegtmeier BR, Yokota SB, Forman SJ. (1992). The value of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial washings in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Respir Med: 86: 243-8. 3. Greub G and Bille J. (1998) Aspergillus species isolated from clinical specimens: suggested clinical and microbiological criteria to deteremine significance. lin Microbiol Infect 4: 710-716. 4. Perfect JR, Cox GM, Lee JY, Kauffman CA, de Repentigny L,Chapman SW, Morrison VA, Pappas P, Hiemenz JW, Stevens DA, and the Mycoses Study Group. (2001). The impact of culture isolation of Aspergillus species: A hospital-based survey of Aspergillosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases; 33:1824–33. 5. Maertens J, Van Eldere J, Verhaegen J, Verbeken E, Verschakelen J, Boogaerts M. (2002). Use of Circulating Galactomannan Screening for Early Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 186:1297–306. 6. Tyagi S, Kramer FR. (1996). Molecular beacons: Probes that fluoresce upon hybridization. Nature Biotechnology: 14: 303-308.


Pollen analytical and archaeobotanical
 investigations towards the reconstruction of landscape
 development and settlement history in Northeast Lower
 Saxony were combined and complete one another: The
 pollen diagram (PD) Elbaer Moor shows the Holocene
 vegetation history of the area reaching from the
 pleistocene highlands to the valley of the river Elbe.
 The PD Rullstorfer Osterteich reflects a single,
 local historical event, which allows the exact dating
 of this diagram by historical sources. The Subatlantic
 sediments of the Almstorfer Moor close to Bad
 Bevensen especially show the settlement history of this
 region and the small-shaped structural variations of
 the northeastern Lower Saxony landscape. The
 archaeobotanical investigations of charred fruits and
 seeds from Rullstorf near Luneburg focus on late Bronze
 Age cereals stored in pits and plant remains from
 drying ovens dating in the pre-Roman Iron Age. In
 addition charred material from the Roman Iron Age
 settlement and the early medieval graveyard are
 studied. Of particular importance is one
 radiocarbon-dated late Bronze Age stock of broomcorn
 millet, which has the distinction of being the oldest
 stock find of millet investigated in North Germany so
 far. The main cereals of the Bronze Age at Rullstorf
 were broomcorn millet, emmer and hulled four-row
 barley. Emmer and barley were cultivated as mixed
 crops. Fruits of Polygonum lapathifolium probably
 belonged to the normal diet of the Bronze Age people.
 The evaluation of the late Bronze Age weed flora allows
 to draw the following conclusions: At Rullstorf cereals
 were grown as summer crops or as winter crops,
 respectively, if sewn thin on the ground. Furthermore
 cereals were harvested at ear level. The arable land
 offered favourable ecological conditions for
 cultivation of crops. For both times, Bronze Age and
 pre-Roman Iron Age, ergot grew probably on emmer and
 barley.


Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that are a source of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Primary gliomas constitute almost all malignant brain tumors, with the most aggressive as well as most common form in adults, grade IV glioma or glioblastoma multiforme,
 carrying an especially poor prognosis. Neuroimaging is critical not only in the identification of CNS tumor but also in treatment-planning and assessing the response to therapy. Structured reporting continues to gain traction in radiology by reducing report ambiguity and improving consistency,
 while keeping referring clinicians and patients informed. The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) is a relatively new paradigm that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting. BT-RADS incorporates MR imaging features, clinical assessment, and timing of
 therapy to assign each study a score or category, which is, in turn, linked to a management suggestion. The purpose of this pictorial review article is to familiarize radiologists and nonradiology neurologic specialists alike with BT-RADS, highlighting both advantages and limitations, in the
 hope that adoption of this system might ultimately facilitate more effective communication and improve consistency among reports.Learning Objective: To describe the features and underscore the advantages and disadvantages of the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS), a relatively
 new classification system that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting


C 60 Cl 6 can be phenylated and arylated to give derivatives of the type C 60 Ar 5 Cl, which may be readily converted to C 60 Ar 5 . The compounds C 60 Ar 5 and various other phenylated derivatives have been isolated from the product of reaction of [60]fullerene with bromine/ferric chloride/benzene, and partially characterised.


Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between abnormal findings seen in anterior segment optical coherent tomography and the recurrence rate in patients with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome. Methods: Between January 2015 and August 2018, 53 eyes of 52 patients who had been diagnosed with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome were included in the study. Follow-up was performed for 12 months. To confirm the recurrence, we questioned the subjects on their symptoms and performed slit lamp examinations. At the first visit, the second week, and the first month, we performed anterior segment optical coherent tomography to identify pathologic findings for recurrent corneal erosion syndrome. Results: In 12 months, 29 eyes (54.7%) had a recurrence of corneal erosion and 24 eyes (45.3%) had no recurrence. There was no significant difference in age, sex, trauma, diabetes mellitus, or meibomian gland dysfunction between the recurrent and non-recurrent groups. Among the anterior segment optical coherent tomography findings, anterior stromal hyper-reflectivity, undetected epithelial basement membrane, intraepithelial basement membrane, intraepithelial inclusions were not significantly different between the two groups. In the first month, corneal epithelial edema was 82.8% in the recurrent group, but 33.3% in the non-recurrent group. It was significantly different ( p = 0.000). Corneal epithelial thickness lowered significantly in the non-re-current group, but not in the recurrent group in the first month. In other words, epithelial edema improved in the non-recurrent group, whereas epithelial edema did not improve in the recurrent group. Conclusions: If corneal epithelial edema is not treated in patients with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome, high possibility of a recurrence should be considered.


We designed and developed Yunnan Provincial Earthquake Observation Database System Software, which is composed of precursor analog observation database management software (including data source plotting check, data management and entering database,database plotting check), precursor analog observation database report software and seismic rapid report catalogue database management software. The building of the system resolves two questions:data entering database and the integrality of database, and provides rich and accurate data for earthquake researchers.


Large-scale atomic calculations are carried out to produce data of atomic structure and transitions rates for Si-like Au ion (Au65+). Generated atomic data are essential for modeling of M-shell spectra of gold ions in Au plasma, and fusion research. Energy levels are calculated by applying two methods: the relativistic configuration interaction method (RCI) of the flexible atomic code (FAC) and the multi-reference many body perturbation theory method (MR-MBPT). Energy levels, oscillator strengths, and transition rates are calculated for transitions between excited and ground states from n = 3l to n′l′, where n′ = 4, 5, 6, and 7; and l and l′ are the proper angular momenta of shells n and n′, respectively. The electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2), electric octupole (E3), magnetic dipole (M1), magnetic quadrupole (M2), and magnetic octupole (M3) transitions are all considered in the calculations. Correlation effects, relativistic effects, and QED effects are also included in the calculations. The two methods yield comparable values of energy levels. Data of energy levels of low-lying states and data for inner shell transitions reported in this study demonstrate good agreement with published experimental and theoretical data.


Mitochondrial gene expression may influence renal function and consequently, long-term blood pressure control. The African Green Monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus; AGM) exhibits heritable, spontaneous hypertension and thus is a translational model for the study of human essential hypertension. We hypothesized that renal mitochondrial gene expression in hypertensive AGMs is decreased and may contribute to renal mitochondrial dysfunction in specific kidney regions. AGMs were phenotyped as normotensive (NT, systolic blood pressure; SBP 140 mmHg) by forearm plethysmography. Gene expression was determined using qRT-PCR with RNA extracted from renal cortex, outer medulla (OM), inner medulla (IM), and liver of 18 HT (mean SBP 166±7 mmHg) and 18 NT (mean SBP 98±3 mmHg) animals. In renal cortical and OM tissue of HT vervets, COX 3 (Complex IV), Cyt B (Complex III), NADH4 (Complex I) and ATP8 (Complex V) expression were similar in NT and HT AGMs. In IM of HT AGMs, COX3, NADH4, ATP8, and CYTB were downregulated by 4.7-fold (p=0.007), 4-fold (p=0.002), 4.1-fold (p=0.006), and 3-fold (p=0.018), respectively. In the liver, COX 3 expression was decreased 1.9-fold (p=0.04), 1.6-fold for ATP8 (p=0.03), and 2.0-fold for CYTB (p=0.01). Expression of SDH (Complex II) and COX4 (Complex IV), nuclear encoded subunits of the OXPHOS chain, was also assessed. SDH expression was up-regulated 8-fold in renal OM (p=0.005) but unchanged in liver, IM, and cortex. COX4 expression however, was down-regulated in OM by 8-fold (p=0.05), in IM by 5-fold (p=0.011) but unchanged in cortex and liver. Gene expression of the mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM was downregulated by 4-fold in renal OM, and unchanged in renal cortex and liver. Citrate synthase activity showed no difference in mitochondrial number between NT and HT AGMs (p=0.73). We suggest that reduced expression of mitochondrially encoded OXPHOS subunits in the renal IM may contribute to the development of hypertension in the AGM. Mitochondrial gene down-regulation in the liver may be a consequence of the systemic hypertension. We conclude that altered mitochondrial gene expression may be a cellular response to increased oxidative stress in the renal inner medulla of HT AGM.


Hydroxy-4n-butoxy acetophenone (HBA) was earlier employed as an analytical reagent for the gravimetric, amperometric and spectrophotometric determination of various metal ions. Further study on its bromo substituted oxime shows that it forms a stable to give yellowish brown complex with Cobalt(II) and a detailed spectrophotometric study is carried out. This complex obeys Beer's law 14.73 g/ml to 117.86 g/ml of Co(II) in chloroform at 640 nm. The stability constant of the chelate is 4.45X10 8 . The molar absorptivity and Sendell's sensitivity are found to be 312 lmol -1 cm -1 and 0.19 µg cm -2 , respectively at 640 nm. The solid compex is isolated and its UV and IR spectra are studied.


The ability of a genotype to phenotypically respond to changes in environmental conditions (e.g. phenotypic plasticity sensu Bra d s haw 1965) is of major interest in evolutionary biology because it is a possible mechanism of adaptation to heterogeneous environments (P i g I i u c c i 2001 and references therein). Many authors have expressed the expectation that phenotypic plasticity and within-population genetic variability should be negatively correlated as "alternative ways of dealing with environmental heterogeneity" (references in S chi I i c h tin g and Lev i n 1984), but plasticity is also a factor that can, under certain circumstances, maintain genetic variability (Z h i v 0 t 0 v sky and G a v r i let s 1992). It is also often assumed that high phenotypic plasticity should 'act as a "buffer against selection" and therefore inhibit evolutionary change (G ran t 1985), but We s t E be r h a r d t (1989) advocated that phenotypic plasticity could facilitate evolutionary change in various ways. Therefore, relationship of phenotypic plasticity with genetic differentiation between and genetic variability within populations should'be extensively studied. In those studies, use of samples from natural populations in the most common natural environments for estimation of quantitative genetic parameters is highly recommended (Clark 1987). In this work we examined the relationship between phenotypic plasticity (both spatial and temporal) and genetic variability (both within and between populations) in natural populations of dwarf bearded iris -Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae). Analysis was performed on morphometric data set from reciprocal-transplant experiment on two I. pumila populations (spatial aspect of phenotypic plasticity) which covered three flowering seasons (temporal aspect of phenotypic plasticity). Location and habitat characteristics of the analyzed populations, experimental design, and 20 utilized floral and vegetative traits were given in detail in Tar a s j e v (1995,1997).


We report a case of late infective endocarditis in an 8‐year‐old boy 3 years after transcatheter closure of an atrial septal defect with the Amplatzer Atrial Septal Occluder Device. Echocardiography showed a very thick pannus lining the left atrial disc of the prosthesis, with some mobile elements. MRI showed several cerebral microemboli. The patient had dental caries and blood cultures found Staphylococcus aureus. Patient was treated with gentamicin and oxacillin before surgical removal of the prosthesis. Twenty‐one cases of infective endocarditis after atrial defect device closure have been reported in the literature (13 ostium secundum ASD and 8 patent foramen ovale). Seven pediatric cases were reported. S. aureus was the most frequent bacterium. Antibiotics were administered in all cases and most patients (n = 18) underwent surgical removal of the device. Incomplete endothelialization of the prosthesis was a suggested mechanism. Two patients died after surgery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We present a balanced and unbalanced binary-tree model to explore the delay performance of feedback synchronization algorithms for multicast ABR flow control. Using this model, we analyze the feedback-delay performance scalability of the soft-synchronization protocol (SSP), which derives a single "consolidated" RM (resource management) cell at each multicast branch-point from feedback RM cells of different downstream branches that are not necessarily responses to the same forward RM cell. In contrast with the other existing schemes, SSP is shown to be able to effectively support synchronization of feedback RM cell and make the effective RM cell roundtrip time (RTT) virtually independent of the multicast tree's topology. Also derived is the optimal RM-cell update interval for SSP to minimize RM-cell RTTs for a given multicast tree.


Abstract. In recent years, nanotechnology has been used to synthesize novel materials with several applications, such as wastewater treatment, medicine, and packaging. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized and used to modify orange peel (OP) biomass. The resulting materials (OP-TiO2 and OP-Al2O3) were applied as biosorbents for removing nickel and cadmium from an aqueous solution. FT-IR, SEM-EDS, and XRD analyses were carried out to determine functional groups of biomass, morphology and elemental composition of the biosorbent, and average particle size, respectively. The presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine groups in the biomass spectra contributed to the adsorption process. Successful synthesis of the biosorbents due to the presence of aluminum and titanium elements was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The average particle size was calculated as 19.13 ±4.1 nm and 58.56 ±12.64 nm for TiO2 and Al2O3, respectively. The solution pH significantly affected the adsorption process, and pH of 4 to 6 was selected as a suitable range. The highest removal yields of 87.85% and 95.6% were achieved using OP-Al2O3 for nickel and cadmium uptake, respectively. These results revealed an improvement in adsorption properties after loading the orange peel biomass with nanoparticles. Keywords: Biosorbent, Heavy metals, Nanomaterials, Wastewater treatment.


Twenty patients suffering from contact dermatitis to potassium bichromate showed positive intradermal reactions with chromium chloride and with complexes prepared in vitro of heparin-chromium chloride and hyaluronic acid from human umbilical cord-chromium chloride. The reaction to chromium chloride was inhibited in all 20 patients tested with rabbit liver glycogen-chromium chloride complex prepared in vitro. The observation suggests that in chromium sensitivity occurring naturally in humans, hyaluronic acid might act as a carrier for chromium cation. Twenty control individuals not suffering from potassium bichromate sensitivity did not react positively to chromium chloride nor to any of the above-mentioned complexes.


ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of xylanase and feed form on the performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, the gastrointestinal tract measurements, jejunal viscosity, and intestinal morphology of heat-challenged broilers fed wheat-based diets. The experiment was conducted as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with three feed forms (mash, crumbles, and pellets) and two levels of xylanase (without or with 300 mg/kg). Broilers fed mash had lower average daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), carcass weight, carcass yield, abdominal fat percentage, ileal digestibility values of apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) and crude protein (CP), villus length, and villus length:crypt depth ratio in the jejunum segment than broilers fed crumbles or pellets. The digestive tract development and crypt depth in the jejunum were lower (P  < .001) for broilers fed crumbles or pellets than for broilers fed mash. Xylanse significantly increased ADG and ileal digestibility of AMEn, CP, and Ca, but decreased the viscosity of digesta in the jejunum segment. It was concluded that feeding crumbled and pelleted diets may offer a suitable nutritional strategy to improved productive performance in broilers reared under high ambient temperatures.


Histamine is a toxic compound produced by bacteria at higher temperature in seafoods. It not only causes heath risk to the consumer, but also causes economic loss to the seafood exporters if it exceeds the maximum permissible limit. In this study, effect of storage temperature (-20oC, 0oC, 10oC and 30oC) on histamine formation in eviscerated and uneviscerated Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) were tested with different time intervals (1-10 days) using enzymatic methods. Maximum level of histamine formed in eviscerated fishes was 2.0 mg/100g at – 20oC for 10 days, 3.56 mg/100g at 0oC for 4 days, 7.6 mg/100g at 10oC for 2 days, 10.75 mg/100g at 20oC for 2 days and 19.3mg/100g at 30oC for 1day of storage. Whereas, in uneviscerated fish the histamine level was 3.4 mg/100g at – 20oC for 10 days, 6.73mg/100g at 0oC for 4 days, 10.1mg/100g at 10oC for 2 days, 16.56mg/100g at 20oC for 2 days and 22.33 mg/100g at 30oC for 1 days of storage. Bacterial growth at – 20oC and after 7 days of storage exceeded the maximum acceptable level of 7 CFU/g set by the International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods. Klebsiella sp and Erwinia sp were identified as strong histamine producer from R. kanagurta fish muscle. This study revealed that the freshly caught fish had shown negligible level of histamine in its muscle. After the fish stored at different temperatures for l day it has reached a deplorable level. The present findings would be very helpful to control the histamine formation in R. kanagurta and other pelagic fish species during ice storage and in fish processing industry.


This experiment extended Warren's leg-length model by investigating the relevance of leg strength and joint flexibility on perceptual judgments of climbability. From a set of 8 stairs (riser heights: 38-91 cm), 24 older and 24 young adults were asked to identify the highest stair they could climb without using their hands or knees. Ss then attempted to climb the selected stair. Tall and short young observers perceived similar action boundaries despite leg-length differences. Tall and short older adults had divergent action boundaries when a single-scale leg-length model was applied. A regression model that used flexibility and leg-strength measurements provided a better fit of the older adult data, indicating that models applying functional (kinematic and kinetic) criteria might be useful in describing lawful relationships between organisms and the environment.


Acoustic system for applying vibratory energy comprises a horn connected to the ultrasonic energy source. The horn is limited to the full length and wavelength, and at least a leading section of the horn is made of a ceramic material. The tip section has a length of at least 1/8 the horn wavelength. In one preferred embodiment, an entirety of the horn is a ceramic material, is mounted on a separate component such as a wave guide through a press fit. By using the ceramic material for the at least relevant portion of the horn, the ultrasonic system of the present invention facilitates long-term operation in extreme environments such as high temperature and / or corrosive fluid medium. The invention is useful for making metal matrix composite wire. Vibration energy, sound systems, ultrasonic energy source, the horn waveguide, the ceramic material


The orthogonalized plane wave method and the cellular method have been applied to a calculation of electronic energy levels in cesium. The same crystal potential was used for all states. Wave functions of core electrons, required in the application of the orthogonalized plane wave method, were determined for this potential. The cohesive energy was calculated according to a simple model. The magnitude at a nucleus of the wave function of an electron on the Fermi surface was estimated by perturbation theory. The energies of twenty-four states at four symmetry points of the Brillouin zone have been obtained. The bands inferred from these results are compared with those in other alkali metals. (auth)


effectively study investigated the role of LDCT in screening The study was designed as a single-center, retrospective cohort study. We analyzed the data on patients who underwent LDCT screening between May 2003 and June 2016. Nodules detected by computerized tomography were classified according to the Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System criteria. The detection rate and lung cancer outcomes (type of cancer, staging of lung cancer, and mortality) according to smoking history were determined. Of the 28,807 enrolled patients, 12,176 were never-smokers; of these patients, 7744 (63.6%) were women and 1218 (10.0%) were found to have lung nodules. Overall, lung cancer was diagnosed in 55 never-smokers (0.45%). In contrast, lung cancer was diagnosed in 143 (0.86%) of the 16,631 ever-smokers. Of the never-smokers with lung cancer, 51 (92.7%) presented with stage I disease, and all patients had adenocarcinomas. Conclusions: In the never-smoker population, LDCT screening helped to detect a significant number of lung cancers. Most of these lung cancers were detected at a very early stage. The positive results of the National lung screening trial in the United States and the NELSON trial may have established the value of LDCT screening for heavy smokers, but future research should consider the value of using LDCT screening in the never-smoker population.


To determine whether incident detection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with accelerated lung function decline and increased hospitalizations and to determine whether this effect is more pronounced in individuals with subsequent chronic infection.


The main purpose of this work is to focus on a discussion of Lie symmetries admitted by de Sitter–Schwarzschild spacetime metric, and the corresponding wave or Klein–Gordon equations constructed in the de Sitter–Schwarzschild geometry. The obtained symmetries are classified and the variational (Noether) conservation laws associated with these symmetries via the natural Lagrangians are obtained. In the case of the metric, we obtain additional variational ones when compared with the Killing vectors leading to additional conservation laws and for the wave and Klein–Gordon equations, the variational symmetries involve less tedious calculations as far as invariance studies are concerned.


Opioid abuse, addiction, and overdose present a major public health crisis internationally. Now more than ever, there is a critical need for safer effective painkillers with lower abuse potential. Researchers from academia and industry have turned their attention to the concept of biased agonism, which describes the phenomenon where a ligand stabilises a subset of receptor active conformations, giving rise to differential or preferential activation of different cellular responses when compared to a reference agonist and reference pathway. For the μ-opioid receptor, the aim is to develop novel agonists that stimulate analgesia with the exclusion of adverse effects, ultimately to offer an improved therapeutic index when compared to commonly used μ-opioid receptor agonists such as morphine and fentanyl. A prevailing hypothesis in the field has been that μ-opioid receptor signalling via β-arrestin2 mediates the adverse effects including respiratory depression and constipation. The study from Kliewer et al. (2020) presents a highly collaborative effort to convincingly demonstrate that β-arrestin2 knockout mice retain the phenotype for morphineand fentanyl-induced respiratory depression and constipation. These findings contradict an earlier report (Raehal, Walker, & Bohn, 2005), challenging the paradigm that μ-opioid receptor signalling linked to adverse, as distinct from therapeutic, effects occurs through β-arrestin and G protein respectively, which has major implications for discovery efforts focused on biased μ-opioid receptor agonists as novel analgesics. A major strength of the study from Kliewer et al. (2020) is the independent replication of respiratory depression experiments from laboratories spanning three different countries. The authors in each location use different methods to measure respiration in mice. All consistently showed that complete knockout of β-arrestin2 in C57BL/6J mice had no effect on morphine-induced respiratory depression. The study design reported here is particularly strong with three independent cohorts of animals used and experimenters blinded to both genotype and treatment. The authors are unable to pinpoint why the outcomes here did not replicate the original report (Raehal, Walker, & Bohn, 2005). However, their hypothesis that differences in breeding and the use of mice with mixed genetic backgrounds in the original study likely contributes to these differences is highly probable. In this respect, the study highlights some of the inherent limitations of using knockout animals to dissect the mechanistic basis of drug action. Namely, the potential effects of background strain and inbreeding on the functional response/s under investigation or possibly compensatory mechanisms masking the effects of knocking out a single protein. This study demonstrates the importance of transparency in animal research, including recognition of the need to publish research outcomes that fail to confirm a hypothesis, as well as independent replication studies. Additional evidence by Kliewer et al. (2020) supports their conclusions regarding the role of β-arrestin2 in opioid-induced adverse effects. Fentanyl caused a similar degree of respiratory depression in β-arrestin2 knockout mice compared to WT littermates (Kliewer et al., 2020). In addition to respiratory depression, both morphine and fentanyl induced constipation in WT and β-arrestin2 knockout mice to a similar degree. These data are consistent with μ-opioid receptor knock-in mice that contain phosphorylation-deficient mutations (that display decreased β-arrestin2 recruitment) also retaining constipation and respiratory depression phenotypes in response to fentanyl and morphine (Kliewer et al., 2019). This is particularly noteworthy in light of the recent report that, relative to DAMGO, a synthetic μ-opioid receptor agonist, fentanyl is generally biased towards β-arrestin2 recruitment over GTPγS binding. However, the reported relative efficacy of fentanyl is very much dependent on species (rat vs. human), response or assay used to quantify the effect (Rivero et al., 2012; Schmid et al., 2017). Kliewer et al. (2020) did not explore other possible mechanisms for morphineor fentanyl-induced respiratory depression and constipation, although a compensatory increase in β-arrestin1 expression in the β-arrestin2 knockout mice was ruled out. Multiple independent studies support the conclusion that knockout or knockdown of β-arrestin2 enhances morphine analgesia and prevents tolerance development (reviewed in Raehal, Schmid, Groer, & Bohn, 2011). Collectively, these studies support the notion that other, different, mechanisms contribute to μ-opioid receptor-mediated cellular responses that give rise to the various side effect liabilities Received: 14 February 2020 Revised: 30 March 2020 Accepted: 23 April 2020


The geographical background, which is the foundation of the human existence and development influences humanity in comprehension. Based on the analysis of geographical background of national mind behaviour and character,the authors point out that the difference of geographical enviroment is the important factor of regional difference of humanity mind behaviour.


Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of MRCP in finding positions and causes of obstructive jaundice.Methods Sixty five patients with obstructive jaundice received MRCP examination,the diagnostic results by imaging were compared with operational or pathological ones.Result The diagnosing rate of MRCP for the level of obstruction were 100% and correct rate of finding obstructive causes were 81.54%.Conclusion The level of bile duct obstruction and the cause of diseases can both be determined by MRCP image.It is a reliable,simple and noninvasive method for depiting the pancreatic bile ducts.


Apart from androgenetic changes, hair loss, especially in women, has been attributed to internal factors such as nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalance, metabolic changes, and seborrheic scalp. External factors that might contribute to hair loss include dust, pollution, chemical treatments, dyes, excess heat or cold, and poor hygiene. While minoxidil and finasteride are useful for treating androgenetic hair loss, our treatment philosophy is to treat all cases of hair loss with the combination treatment described below. In this study of 500 patients we combined the use of antioxidants, iron, calcium, zinc, amino acids, and vitamins E, D, and C with minoxidil and finasteride to control hair loss, reverse miniaturization, and achieve new hair growth within 2-4 months. The patients were also followed clinically for 2 years and were observed to maintain their improvement. The supplements and finasteride are used cyclically once every 3 days. We believe the cyclical approach helps to prevent vitamin overdose and the side effects of finasteride.


Objective To observe the changes of hippocampal micro-structure in subacut aging rats established by D- galactose. Methods Eighteen wistar rats which were 3~4 moon's age were adjustably bred for 1 week,the rats were divided into 2 groups:blank group and model group.The model group was set up by injected with 1% D-galactose 50mg / kg into abdominal cavity for 6 weeks,but blank one with saline.Then the rats were tested by morrise water maze .The hippocam- pal tissues were taken out from the rats after experiment,observing the hippocampal micro-structure through light micro- scope and electron microscope. Results Comparing with the blank group,in the experiment of morrise water maze,the average latent period of the model group extended distinctly (P0.01);the types of swimming track of the model group changed remarkablely (P0.01);Under Light microscope,the model group was been seen fuzzy outline of the hippocampus, neurons reduced;hippocampal CA3 area,we were seen a lot of swelling and degeneration of neurons,which decreased branch,the nucleolus enrichment smaller,sub-leaf unclear,in part from the broken cells,arrangement between loose and muddled;Under electron microscope,the model group CA3 neurons in the hippocampus cells edema,with plasma cell rare, mitochondrial swelling,sudden disappearance of ridge,was a balloon-like change,smaller nuclei,nuclear membrane shrink- age,nuclear hole disappeared,nucleolar Deep stained and marginalization,reducing the number of synapse,the gap larger. Conclusion D-galactose can induce the changes of hippocampal micro-structure ,wich similar to the changes of aging.


OBJECTIVE: Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs) seek to improve the response to sexual assault by coordinating the efforts of police, prosecutors, nurses/doctors, victim advocates, and other sexual assault responders. However, SARTs vary with respect to their structure, that is, the composition and organization of their team. Therefore, the current study explored the relationship between SART structure and effectiveness. METHOD: A random sample of N = 172 SART leaders was interviewed. Participants reported on SART structural characteristics and their perceptions of their team's effectiveness at improving victims' help-seeking experiences, victims' participation in the criminal justice system, police processing of cases, and prosecution of cases. RESULTS: Cluster analysis revealed 3 types of SARTs: "Low Adopters" utilized fewer formal structures and were less likely to institutionalize collaborative processes into their teamwork; "High Adopters" utilized more formal structures and were more likely to institutionalize collaborative processes, but did not engage in program evaluation as a multidisciplinary team; and "High Adopters Plus Evaluation" were similar but also engaged in evaluation as a team. High Adopters Plus Evaluation were perceived as significantly more effective than Low Adopters across all domains. High Adopters Plus Evaluation were perceived as more effective at improving victims' participation in the criminal justice system than High Adopters. SARTs with broader active membership from more stakeholder groups also tended to have higher perceived legal effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: SARTs should consider broad-based active membership and adopting formal structures and collaborative processes to organize their team. Future research can continue to examine factors that contribute to SART success. ©2016 American Psychological Association Language: en


It is known that the type of dietary fat has an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of different dietary fats on hepatic transcriptional factors and gene expression of enzymes involved in the lipogenesis as SREBP‐1, SCD‐1, and in the oxidation of fatty acids (FA) as PPAR‐alpha, PGC‐1 beta and CPT‐1. Our results showed that rats fed with butter had an increased serum Tg content and lipogenesis due to an increment in SREBP‐1, FAS and SCD‐1 expression, and decreased FA oxidation mediated by CPT‐1. Animals fed with margarine increased lipogenesis but also FA oxidation. Animals fed coconut oil showed high lipogenesis and low FA oxidation than animals fed corn oil. Animals fed soy or oleic oil showed the lowest serum insulin levels and animals fed margarine with trans‐sterified fat showed no change in lipogenesis and an increase in PPAR‐alpha. These results suggest that saturated fats promote lipogenesis and its target genes, whereas oils with high polyunsaturated fatty acid content do the opposite effect.