ABSTRACT This thesis is entitled Translation of phrasal verbs in The Adventures of Tintin Land of Black Gold comics and its Translation. This research focuses on the analysis of the translations of the translations of phrasal verbs in The Adventures of Tintin Land of Black Gold comics. This study is aimed at describing the transla tions of phrasal verbs in The Adventures of Tintin Land of Black Gold comics. This thesis was conducted in order to describe the use of phrasal verbs found in the Tintin comics. The research belongs to descriptive qualitative. It is a method of the research which does not establish calculations. The source of data is Tintin comics entitled The Adventures of Tintin Land of Black Gold written by Herge, published by Egmont, 2008 and its translation entitled Petualangan Tintin Di Negeri Emas Hitam translated by Dini Pandia and published by PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2011. There are 43 data consisting of phrasal verbs found in the comics. The results of this analysis show that there are two types of phrasal verbs used in Tintin comics. They are separable and non separable phrasal verbs. The proportion (%) of the use of two types of phrasal verbs is 9,2% using separable phrasal verbs and 90,8% using non separable phrasal verbs.


The fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque), has been laboratory bred and the early embryos staged and described. At 23°C the embryo requires 33 hours to reach the 13‐somite stage. This period of early embryonic development has been divided into 12 stages. The description of each of these stages is accompanied by photographs.


Objective:To discuss the incidence tendency of the breast cancer as well as the approaches of imaging reconnaissance in order to provide the basis for early diagnosis and early treatment of the breast cancer.Methods:To clarify the dangerous factors of the incidence of the breast cancer and choose the appropriate methods for the general examination through probing into the epidemiological characteristics of the disease.Results:The incidence of breast cancer is rising continuously and evidently tends to happen to younger women;The cause of the disease is closely associated with inheritance,reproductiveness,the application of the hormone substitute,improper nutrition and diet as well as some dangerous factors like the exposure to radiation.Conclusion:A particular importance ought to be attached to the early diagnosis,treatment and early precautions against breast cancer;X-ray examination is at present the most effective way of diagnosing the disease.


2. Yong D, Toleman MA, Giske CG, Cho HS, Sundman K, Lee K, et al. Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla (NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:5046-54. 3. Boulanger A, Naas T, Fortineau N, Figueiredo S, Nordmann P. NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii from Algeria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56:2214-5. 4. Kumarasamy KK, Toleman MA, Walsh TR, Bagaria J, Butt F, Balakrishnan R, et al. Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: Amolecular, biological, and epidemiological study. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10:597-602. 5. Jones LS, Toleman MA, Weeks JL, Howe RA, Walsh TR, Kumarasamy KK. Plasmid carriage of bla NDM-1 in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014;58:4211-3.


This report aims to approach the stock control management related to the financial structure in a company that does the repair and makes the cardan shaft for trucks. It intends to show the importance of the stock control management for the planning and succeed of an organization, knowing that this stock control management has a big and directly influence on the results of the company's financial management. In the beginning, it was introduced the points that can direct such research and then, it's done a literature revision about the subjects studied in this report. Forward, it's done the company's characterization, pointing the stronger and the weak point of itself, and then, suggest improvements for it, helping to cure any deficiency in the sector studied. To catch up the results of this report, were done the data collection and then have enough subject to calculate: the storage Period, financial cost of held inventory and analysis of the stock's ABC curve. After that, were compared the financial cost of held inventory and the analysis of the stock's ABC curve. Besides that, it became evident some limitations related to the search and were pointed some suggestions for future projects.


The effect of growth-stage monomer feed rate on the extent of chain transfer to polymer in semibatch emulsion homopolymerizations of vinyl acetate has been studied by using 13C NMR spectroscopy to quantify the mol % branches in the poly(vinyl acetate) formed. Three 37.5% final solids content emulsion homopolymerizations of vinyl acetate were carried out at 70 °C using identical seed stages, but different monomer feed rates of 0.35, 1.39, and 2.08% min-1 in the growth stages. The polymerizations performed using the feed rate of 0.35% min-1 proceeded under monomer-starved conditions throughout, and the mol % branches increased steadily with overall conversion. Use of the higher feed rates led to lower instantaneous conversions from the end of the seed stage (17% overall conversion) to about 40% overall conversion, from which point onward the polymerizations proceeded under monomer-starved conditions. During the period of reduced instantaneous conversion, the frequency of chain transfer to polymer was lower,...


Contents: Introduction, Aaron Jaffe and Jonathan Goldman Part 1 Celebrity Modernisms: Adolescent Dorian Gray: Oscar Wilde's proto-picture of modernist celebrity, Lois Cucullu Orlando Pimpernel, Aaron Jaffe Imposture in The Great Gatsby, Allan Hepburn There has been an inward change: in search of Eric Walrond, James C. Davis Erskine Caldwell: modernist manquA(c), Loren Glass Gertrude Stein's currency, Deborah M. Mix. Part 2 Modernist Celebrities/Modernist Vernaculars: Garbo's glamour, Judith Brown In good company: modernism, celebrity, and sophistication in Vanity Fair, Faye Hammill Reaching for the stars: Jean de Tinan's 'Essay on ClA(c)o de MA(c)rode Considered as Popular Symbol', Michael D. Garval Leni's Hitler/Hitler's Leni, Annalisa Zox-Weaver Four Elvises, Edward P. Comentale. Part 3 Stellar Afterimages: Modernism is the age of Chaplin, Jonathan Goldman On retrofitting: Samuel Beckett, tourist attraction, Stephen Watt Defiling celebrity, Steven Connor Afterword, Nancy Armstrong Works cited Index.


The objective of this study is to describe and investigate the circumstances of an epidemic infections outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in pediatric intensive care unit. Between August and October 2012, where ten strains of Acinetobacter baumannii have been isolated. Blood cultures and protected distal bronchial samples were the main sites of isolation. The study of antibiotic resistance helps to identify two phenotypical clones confirmed by the genotypic study using the pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The audit on respect of the hygiene precautions by healthcare workers revealed a large lack. The line adopted following this event was the establishment of corrective measures in order to stop this epidemic. Reinforcing the hygiene measures and staff training were successful in ending the outbreak without having to close the unit.
The emergence of strains of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections outbreak in the intensive care units seems very alarming and requires the development of an effective and permanent strategy against healthcare associated infections.


Environmental degradation has bedeviled most urban areas in Nigeria. Inspite of the efforts being made by both state and federal governments to effectively tackle the problem, there has been no remarkable solution as it is not often very easy to measure the environmental quality of many urban areas in the country. This paper, therefore, develops a model for the measurement of environmental quality in Enugu metropolis. Multiple regression model was used to establish a relationship between residential housing investments and environmental quality of Enugu metropolis. Housing investments (public and private investments) were used as 'X1' and 'X2' (independent) variables while the environmental quality of the area was the 'Y' (dependent) variable. In the result, the coefficient of determination showed that adjusted r 2 = 915 indicating that 91.5% variation in the environmental quality can be predicted from public and private housing investments. Thus, the regression equation; Y = a + b1 pub. Invt. + b2 priv. invt. + E. Hence, Environmental quality = 24.25 - 1.35 pub. invt.-2.25 priv. invt. + 7.02. Considering the current trend in upholding sustainability in the environment, this model could be used to measure the environmental quality of Enugu Metropolis. Key words; Model, Environmental, Quality, Enugu, Nigeria.


During the still growing pandemic, the government immediately began to call for a social restriction policy to tackle transmission. It also impacts the health counseling model. Before the pandemic, health counseling was generally carried out face-to-face (physical) which required mobility of both the counselor and the counselee, resulting in a large use of energy in the process which in turn had an impact on environmental degradation. The energy used will be converted into exhaust gas which is known as Greenhouse Gas Emissions. This study investigated how effective virtual counseling is, both from the results (clients can access health services) and from the energy use side. The research method was a combination of qualitative and quantitative or what is called the Mix Method. The approach used the counseling results-based approach and the carbon footprint calculation approach. The results obtained the difference in the number of counselors that could be counseled from face-to-face and virtual counselingcomparing the results of energy use from face-to-face counseling and virtual counseling.


College student suicide cases are mounting,being induced by life events such as social stress,frustration of affection,economic difficulties,and unsatisfactory examination results.Higher educational institutions and the ideology instructors in colleges and universities must pay close attention to this phenomenon.Colleges and universities need to value the education of outlook on life by immerging it into courses;conducting routine work of ideological education in humanistic terms;and in practice,motivating one student through other's touching life stories to make the student understand the mission and value of life in profound terms and gain courage and confidence in terms of self-dependence,treasuring life and love of living in order to acquire the mental strength to find rescue in desperate circumstances when face with difficulties and deaths.


The possible existence of a magnetic pole has been under discussion for many years. Dirac worked out in detail an electro-dynamics in which a single magnetic pole is assumed to exist (1,2). He has shown that the existence of such a pole leads naturally to the quantization of charge, the magnetic pole strength g and the electric charge e being related by the equation where p is an integer, h is Planck's constant divided by 2π, and c is the velocity of light.


It is suggested that "personality" in modern psycholo gy is a essentialist concept and has been questioned by social constructionist psy chology, which insists that "personality" is no more than an assumption as used in explaining a person's behavior. It holds that "personality" is a reflection of "relationship", embodies a person's social identity and is "dynamic being" It is argued that this new insight about personality will exert important influ ence upon the development of psychology.


This research will explain about involvement from an international organization named World Wildlife Fund For Nature (WWF) in Sumatera tiger conservation at Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling, Kuantan Sangingi Riau province. Less of concervation understanding, less of economic, boundary problem, Illegal logging, woods areal conversion into plantations and farms, mine workings, illegal persecution of Sumatera Tiger and less of law have been threatening the Sumatera Tiger population and declining the number of rare every year. As an international organization of conservation based in Swiss who works in environmental issues, biological diversity, and climate change, WWF works together with Riau government to carry out conservation programs such as TPU (Tiger Protection Unit), Tiger Research, Empowerment Comunity, Multilevel Campaign and Regulation Increase at Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Concervation. Sources were obtained through literature review from journals, books, mini thesis, reports, and internet to explain WWF's planned programs. Writer also did some interviews and observations by observing and taking notes of the indications systematically and directly. The theories used in this research are pluralism and green politic theory. This research indicates the reasons involvement of WWF on Sumatera tiger concervation are needed of goverment's partner on concervation field and urgency of Sumatera tiger on Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling. WWF got involvement cause of has good funding, has infrastructures for research, and good understanding on wild animals. Keywords: World Wildlife Fund for Nature, Sumatera tiger concervation, involvement, Conservation Program


As the civil war drags on,sectarian killings are increasingly brutal,and Islamic jihadist forces are emerging as strong players in Syria.Meanwhile,refugees,sectarian and ethnic conflicts,geopolitical maneuvering and violence are spilling over into neighboring countries.Syria is likely becoming a Somalia in the Middle East,escalating instability in the whole region.


An enantioselective pinacol rearrangement of functionalized (E)-2-butene-1,4-diols was developed. In the presence of a catalytic amount of a chiral BINOL-derived N-triflyl phosphoramide, these 1,4-diols rearranged to β,γ-unsaturated ketones in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The formation of a chiral ion pair between the intermediary allylic cation and the chiral phosphoramide anion was postulated to be responsible for the highly efficient chirality transfer. These chiral building blocks were further converted into enantioenriched polysubstituted tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives.


This chapter will describe the long and fascinating battle over sleep training. It covers topics like "Ferberization" and other sleep training techniques and how to use them. Data on both the effectiveness of these methods and whether or not they can cause long-term harm will be presented. The chapter will also outline and explain the official position against infant bed-sharing, not from a focus on attachment but based on the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome. The "it depends" aspect of this chapter will explain that children have different innate sleeping abilities and how differences in child temperament and history of trauma may require parents to consider alternate sleep approaches.


Acknowledgements This research was done on behalf of the Administration for Children's Services (ACS). At ACS, we gratefully acknowledge the contributions made by Benjamin Charvat, Eric Nicklas, Sara Workman, and staff in the Office of Management, Development, and Research. This work also benefited from the enthusiasm and support of Commissioner Nicholas Scoppetta and Deputy Commissioner Linda Gibbs. We also thank researchers at the Chapin Hall Center for Children for managing and improving the ACS database, and Britany Orlebeke in particular for her assistance interpreting these data. We are indebted to the assistance of Wayne Trigg and Kamel Kamur and staff in the Board of Education's Division of Management Information Services and Division of Assessment and Accountability. Special thanks are due to Dan Grant, Joe Meglino, Quinn Werthauer, and William Weichun for their help in creating the database and interpreting the Board of Education data. At Vera, we are thankful for the contributions made by our Executive Director, Chris Stone, and Research Director, Eileen Sullivan. This work would also not have been possible without the excellent support from research assistants Bari Lehrman and Nozomi Maeyama. Our careful and insightful editor, Jill Pope, greatly improved the quality of the report. All errors and omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Child welfare agencies in the United States are responsible for the well-being of more than half a million children in foster care. Each day, child welfare officials make decisions about what types of homes to place children in, whether they should be moved to new homes, and whether and when they should be returned to their families. This report indicates that several of these choices influence children's educational outcomes and calls attention to children in foster care who show a marked change in certain school outcomes after they enter care. At the request of the New York City Administration for Children's Services (ACS), and in collaboration with the city's Board of Education, we examined the relationship between children's foster care experiences and their performance in school. Using a combined database of school and child welfare records on more than 16,000 foster children, we compared children's attendance rates, school transfers, and third through eighth grade test scores according to their foster care experiences, including length of stay in care, type of foster home, runaway history, placement history, reason for placement, and year of entry into care. Foster care experiences had the strongest effect …


Cervical cancer has the highest mortality rate worldwide. In the quest for reducing such a high mortality
rate, advancements in diagnosis as well as treatment are being undertaken at various scales across the globe.
With the recent advancements in the applications of nanotechnology, simple, rapid and inexpensive
diagnostic methods for cervical cancer, i.e., human papillomavirus (HPV), especially high-risk oncogenic
subtypes 16 and 18 have started to gain attention of health care practitioners. This review outlines the current
applications of biosensors for the diagnosis of HPV, as compared to the conventional techniques for
measuring HPV that have some limitations. The traditional methods used for cervix cancer are less sensitive,
whereas nanotechnology has greatly improved the sensitivity. Due to cancer incidence and mortality
growing rapidly worldwide, the prevalence and risk factors are also discussed in this review.


The model of transistor nanostructure on the basis of hybrid five-wall nanotube (NT) consisting of three carbon one-wall NT with metallic properties between which two boron-azotic NTs are allocated, has been developed. Considering the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as contact electrodes of the cathode, the anode and the control electrode, it is obviously possible to drive tunnel current of structure by means of potentials on the anode and the control electrode both at room temperature and at low (~20 K) temperatures.


The four major factors agar, Tween20, culture temperature and pre-diffusion, affecting the agar diffusion bioassay for nisin were studied. The results showed that when agar concentration is 0.75%, the addition of Tween20 0.5%, and the culture temperature 30℃, the accuracy and sensitivity of agar bioassay for nisin can be improved. And the pre-diffusion at 4℃ can enhance the diffusion of nisin in agar.


Despite overall good health in the South West compared to other parts of England, Health Profiles published today show that there are still marked inequalities within the region...


In the present study, we conduct the numerical simulation for solar greenhouse dryer performance by Ansys Fluent software. The numerical simulations compared the meshing strategies for the dryer and show the effects on both temperature distribution and relative humidity distribution of air inside the dryer. Unstructured meshes were used in the numerical simulation employing hexahedral meshing and tetrahedral meshing for mesh generation. The meshing strategies were evaluated through 2 size of cell i.e., 0.1 m and 0.05m. The results indicated that the size of cell have strong effect than the mesh type on the temperature profile and humidity of air inside the dryer. Thus, the results gave the engineers more options to select the optimum conditions for meshing and simulation the dryer.


The classes of GC homological modules over commutative ring, where C is a semidualizing module, extend Holm and Jgensen's notions of C-Gorenstein homological modules to the non-Noetherian set- ting and generalize the classical classes of homological modules and the classes of Gorenstein homological modules within this setting. On the other hand, transfer of homological properties along ring homomorphisms is already a classical eld of study. Motivated by the ideas mentioned above, in this article we will investigate the transfer properties of C and GC homological dimension.


In many liberal democratic states, the presence of religious symbols in the public sphere has become a highly contentious issue. Since the 1980s, political and legal attempts to define the boundaries of religious freedom have increasingly centred on the right of citizens to wear religious symbols. In Canada, both provincial and federal courts have routinely upheld the rights of citizens to do so in the public sphere as a form of religious freedom,1 and policy makers have generally refrained from introducing legislation that would curtail this right.2 With the proposal of Bill 60 – commonly known as the "Charter of Values" – in 2013, the Quebec government broke with convention.3 Bill 60 was introduced with the aim of officially declaring Quebec a secular state. As a corollary, the bill proposed that all employees of public institutions and organizations – including medical staff, teachers, and university professors – be required to abstain from wearing religious symbols, such as clothing, headgear or large jewelry, in the workplace.


Tremendous efforts have been devoted to decreasing x-ray radiation dose in diagnostic CT while maintaining the image quality. The statistical noise reduction with iterative algorithm in the projection domain has been one of the major research subjects in CT technologies. Previously, we have proposed a statistical noise reduction with multi-scale decomposition and penalized weighted least square (PWLS) in the projection domain, in which the Markov Random Field (MRF) penalty function is incorporated. In this work, by taking the variation or irregularity of sampling interval along each dimension of the projection domain, we extend our previous method to deal with the situations of incomplete projection data, covering sparse view sampling, latitudinal data truncation and photon starvation. Using the computersimulated projection data of a performance phantom and the FORBILD thorax phantom, we evaluate and verify the performance of the proposed method.


This study was conducted for 39 patients who are recipients of allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation at BMT ward of St. Mary's hospital affiliated to Catholic University of Korea from April to September 1999. The subjects were devided into two groups; those who received both TEl and chemo...


There are about 50-60 million IUD wearers worldwide. The mechanism of action of the IUD is still under discussion, while it is well known and proven that its major side effects are bleeding and pain. Many authors suggest that, because of the presence of an IUD, there is liberation of prostaglandins in the uterus, and that they are responsible for inhibition of nidation. It also appears from the abundant published literature that prostaglandins could be responsible for abnormal or ineffective platelet aggregation, which would, in turn, cause pain and bleeding.


Most of the construction projects are handled by the principal contractor under umbrella package contract and executed through sub-contracting system. Challenge in terms of effective coordination and communication and accountability among participants, inhibits innovation as firms holding umbrella contract is often evaluated based on their specialized fields, and involves a large number of workforces from sub-contractors who are exposed to various hazards of construction sites. Approaches such as Total Loss Control (TLC), Total Quality Management (TQM), and Supply Chain Management (SCM), which are typically associated with manufacturing industries, are required to be introduced into the construction industry. The construction of new facilities and maintenance of existing facilities is being carried out in BARC through public tender. These works are mostly carried out by contractors through the labourers, who are from varied background. BARC recognizes the responsibility of ensuring safety of these workers at site. Dynamic nature of works at construction sites invites attention on the adoption of standard procedures and continual supervision during execution. This paper reflects the principle of management of health and safety issues for construction projects in BARC through various engineering practices and safety management techniques. This Paper received the Best Paper Presentation Award at the International Conference on Managing Supply Chain for Global Competitiveness, held at the Indian Institute for Industrial Engineering, Nagpur, Oct. 25-27, 2013


The mass transfer of aqueous solution in liquid has been systematically investigated by using refracted laser light through diffusing solution. The camera is connected to a computer to perform image processing in the form of some image filtration process and the algorithm in terms of obtaining the digitized value of the coordinates laser beam caught on the screen. The subtract filtration process was introduced to eliminate the effect of unwanted images on the screen. Furthermore, some algorithms based on OpenCV programming languages, such as grayscale and edge detection are applied to exhibit meaningful recorded laser beam traces and firmly determined the coordinate values. For complete discussion, performance of this system is proposed based on NaCl solution as a material of observation exhibits the diffusivity value 1.3864 × 10−5 cm2/s using this method.The mass transfer of aqueous solution in liquid has been systematically investigated by using refracted laser light through diffusing solution. The camera is connected to a computer to perform image processing in the form of some image filtration process and the algorithm in terms of obtaining the digitized value of the coordinates laser beam caught on the screen. The subtract filtration process was introduced to eliminate the effect of unwanted images on the screen. Furthermore, some algorithms based on OpenCV programming languages, such as grayscale and edge detection are applied to exhibit meaningful recorded laser beam traces and firmly determined the coordinate values. For complete discussion, performance of this system is proposed based on NaCl solution as a material of observation exhibits the diffusivity value 1.3864 × 10−5 cm2/s using this method.


While the proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (carbohydrate PTS) have been shown to regulate numerous targets, little such information is available for the nitrogen‐metabolic phosphotransferase system (nitrogen‐metabolic PTS). To elucidate the physiological role of the nitrogen‐metabolic PTS, we carried out phenotype microarray (PM) analysis with Escherichia coli K‐12 strain MG1655 deleted for the ptsP gene encoding the first enzyme of the nitrogen‐metabolic PTS. Together with the PM data, growth studies revealed that a ptsN (encoding enzyme IIANtr) mutant became extremely sensitive to leucine‐containing peptides (LCPs), while both ptsP (encoding enzyme INtr) and ptsO (encoding NPr) mutants were more resistant than wild type. The toxicity of LCPs was found to be due to leucine and the dephospho‐form of enzyme IIANtr was found to be necessary to neutralize leucine toxicity. Further studies showed that the dephospho‐form of enzyme IIANtr is required for derepression of the ilvBN operon encoding acetohydroxy acid synthase I catalysing the first step common to the biosynthesis of the branched‐chain amino acids.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical benefits of breast approach endoscopic thyroidectomy by comparing the operative time,operative hemorrhage,postoperative drainage,postoperative pain,functional recovery,hospitalization time,cost of hospitalization and cosmetic satisfaction in a clinical nonrandomness study.Method: To review eighty-six patients who underwent thyroidectomy,fortysix patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy were enrolled endoscopic group and forty patients who underwent conventional thyroidectomy were enrolled conventional group.Results: All patients in both group were successfully completed surgery,postoperative recovery was good.No complication such as postoperative bleeding,recurrent laryngeal nerve or superior laryngeal nerve or parathyroid injury.Bleeding volume and postoperative drainage of two groups had no significantl difference.The operation time in endoscopic group was significantly longer than that in conventional group(P0.05).The bleeding volume in endoscopic group was significantly less than that in conventional group(P0.05).The time spans of recovery to independently walking and washing in endoscopic group were significantly shorter than that in conventional group(P0.05).The cost of hospitalization in endoscopic group was significantly higher than that in conventional group(P0.05).The postoperative cosmetic satisfaction in endoscopic group was significantly higher than that in conventional group(P0.05).Conclusion: Compared with conventional thyoidectomy,breast approach endoscopy offers quicker functional recovery and higher cosmetic satisfaction with less postoperative pain.


The main objective of this experiment was to asses the effect of acorn size consumed during the fattening period (90.1-137.9 kg) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fat quality from Iberian pigs. Two groups of eight barrows were located in individual cages and fed ad libitum with acorns in confinement. One group of pigs received acorns of large size (average weight 4.26 g) and the other one acorns of small size (2.49 g). The pigs that received small acorns had lower average daily intake (5.5 kg) than those pigs given large acorns (5.7 kg) and consequently, weight average daily gain and carcass weight were significantly lower (0.7 vs 0.6 kg and 111.1 vs 106.2 kg respectively). The acorn size had not significant influence on major fatty acids proportions contained in subcutaneous fat and intramuscular Longissimus dorsi muscle.


For 0 < a = 1, let Lip(a) denote the space of functions / which are analytic on the open unit disk, continuous on the closed unit disk, and whose boundary values satisfy a Lipschitz condition of order a : \f(z) f(w)\ ^ K\z w\, for \z\ = \w\ = 1. For 0 < a < 1, let lip(a) denote thé space of functions / in Lip(a) such that \f(z) — f(w)\ — o(\z — w\), as w —* z, \z\ = \w\ = 1. We prove that a function <p in Lip(a) (resp., lip(a)), with |<p(z)| ^ 1 for \z\ ^ 1, induces a composition operator on Lip(a) (resp., lip(a)) if and only if there exists a finite number M and a number r < 1 such that \<p(z)\ =r implies \<p'(z)\ = M. We also prove that a composition operator Cy on either Lip(a) or lip(a) is compact if and only if for each e > 0 there exists an r < 1 such that \<p(z)\ = r implies W(Z)\ ^ €.


A trial version available here This is an artefact developed in a pedagogical course for university staff as part of LTU's commitment to supporting teaching and learning • The three pedagogical concepts underpinning LTU pedagogical idea • Key aspects of the teaching process • Considered in the professional design and development of educational programs – including online teaching


With the computer technology and the rapid development of network technology, modern enterprises started to establish their own management information system (Management Information System, or MIS), MIS platform model on the choice of system design staff of the main problems encountered. Now Enterprise MIS platform model can be divided into three kinds: client/server mode (Client/Server, or C/S), Web browser/server mode (Browser/Server, or B/S), C/S and B/S structure of the combined model. This paper briefly based on the C/S and B/S structure of the combination of multi-layer distributed information management system analysis and design thinking.


The study examines the dividend substitution effect of share repurchase decisions of firms in India. According to dividend substitution hypothesis, firms use funds ordinarily meant for dividend payment to buy back shares. The year-wise analysis of dividends reveals that dividends are not lower in the year of buyback declaration in India. The statistical model employed generates a positive relationship between dividend forecast error and repurchase activity, contradicting the dividend substitution hypothesis. The Indian firms pay more dividends for every 1 spent on buyback in the announcement year. The Chief Finance Officers of repurchasing companies disagree to the proposition of dividend substituting effect of repurchases. The high-levered small-sized firms with higher cash balances and lower valuations engage in share repurchase in India but not at the expense of dividends.


Abstract. Oscillating movements under load can cause wear in rolling
bearings. Blade bearings of wind turbines are subject to both. To know how
to avoid wear in these bearings is important since they ensure the
operational safety of the turbine. Oscillations of blade bearings vary in
load, speed, and amplitude. The objective of this work is to find limits of
these operating parameters with regards to wear occurrence. To this end
several tests with real-size bearings were carried out. The test parameters
are based on typical operating conditions of a reference turbine. The size
of the bearings and the test parameters differ from other published tests for
oscillating bearings, where often scaled bearings are used results. The test results show that wear occurs for every tested combination of load,
speed, and amplitude of a steady oscillating movement. Even if the wear
characteristics differ between tests, each of them resulted in wear. Hence,
no wear limits can be defined with the tested grease and within typical
operating conditions of a wind turbine below which wear does not occur. Tests with a discontinuity in the steady oscillation movement, however, did
not result in wear. Such discontinuities can be longer movements embedded in
steady oscillations. They are characteristic to wind turbine operation,
where longer movements are a reaction to wind gusts.


Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is characterized by the presence of an aberrant fibroinflammatory retroperitoneal tissue that usually develops around the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta and the iliac arteries. Because of its rarity and the lack of diagnostic and classification criteria, RPF has often been considered to embrace a spectrum of diseases of varying etiology; this has led to the inclusion of heterogeneous patient populations in most of the studies carried out so far (especially in urologic and surgical series), which is why most clinical data are unreliable or difficult to interpret. In the last 2 decades, several attempts have been made to define a correct nosology of RPF and, although largescale systematic studies are still lacking, it has become clear that RPF is to be distinguished in idiopathic and secondary forms, where the latter have clearly identifiable causes such as infections, radiation therapy, drugs, surgery, and cancer. This distinction, however, is not always clear-cut, since in some patients these conditions (particularly surgery, radiation, and the use of drugs) may be considered only Bpredisposing factors,[ and a direct causal relationship cannot be demonstrated. The rarity of RPF, the heterogeneity of the conditions included in the previously reported series, and the lack of population-based studies have also limited a correct assessment of the epidemiologic characteristics of the disease, particularly its incidence and prevalence. Additional areas of uncertainty regarding the clinical management of RPF involve the definition of an appropriate diagnostic workup, with particular regard to the role of cross-sectional imaging and retroperitoneal biopsy, and the characterization of the disease phenotype, that is, the complete spectrum of clinical manifestations clinicians must assess when evaluating a patient with RPF. Clarifying these points is a conditio sine qua non for designing future controlled therapeutic trials. In the current issue of Medicine, the studies by van Bommel et al and Scheel et al, performed prospectively on large cohorts of patients with the idiopathic form of RPF, address most of the issues outlined above, thus extending our knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics and imaging findings of the disease. Although the 2 studies have been carried out on separate patient cohorts, their results partially overlap, which proves their appropriate patient selection and collection of the clinical data; however, each study also raises some unique points. Idiopathic RPF has traditionally been considered a very rare condition. Based on the results of a 2004 retrospective, case-control study performed in Finland, its incidence was estimated to be 1 10 person-years and its prevalence 1.4 10 inhabitants. In that study, however, the cases were retrieved from hospital discharge data using diagnostic codes, a method that can be fallacious particularly in the case of idiopathic RPF, where the diagnosis requires a complex workup and often needs a prolonged follow-up for its final confirmation and for the thorough exclusion of an underlying malignancy. The study by van Bommel et al is instead population-based, that is, it considers all RPF cases seen at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Dordrecht, The Netherlands, during a study period of 10 years, and precisely reports the patient referral pattern. Using this approach, the annual incidence of idiopathic RPF is shown to be 1.3 10 inhabitants, which is more than 10-fold higher than that reported in the Finnish study. Thus, idiopathic RPF is probably


In his work "Mere Generation: Essential Barometer or Dated Concept?", Ventura (Ventura 2016) categorizes creative processes along a spectrum of increasing creativity. While the spectrum provides insight into the dimensions through which creativity can be augmented, it does not of itself provide insights into how to advance a system through these dimensions. In this paper, we present some theoretical and practical insights on advancing along one commonly problematic rung of this ladder, namely from a system that exhibits generalization (i.e., the ability to generalize beyond an inspiring set) to a system that exhibits filtration (i.e., the ability to self-evaluate and filter results). One potential challenge in this transition is that filtration requires having a sufficiently large number of solutions to filter from the generalizing model. We propose that one solution to this problem is achieved not through increasing the size of the inspiring set (an obvious solution that brings additional problems), but rather through amplifying the generalization of the system to produce a greater set of novel artefacts to filter. We compare a new version of a system, NhMMonic, for generating creative mnemonic devices with a new conceptualization model that allows greater generalization. We demonstrate how filtration, which was not possible in the early version of NhMMonic, only becomes feasible with the more generaliz-


Aiming at the problem that the existing garlic-root-cutting equipment requires the orientation and orderly conveying of garlic, a garlic orientation and orderly conveying method based on machine vision and mechanical orientation mechanisms was proposed and a garlic orientation and orderly conveying device was designed. To realize garlic posture recognition, garlic and garlic roots were used as detection objects, the YOLOv5s objection detection model was used to establish a garlic feature detection model, and the model was trained. The garlic orientation and orderly conveying device was developed and a garlic posture recognition test and garlic orientation and orderly conveying test were completed. The test results show that the success rate of posture recognition is 98.67% and the average accuracy rate of the garlic deviation angle is 99.11%. When the conveying speed is 95 mm⋅s−1 and the rotating speed is 55 rpm, the orientation success rate is 95.6% and the conveying efficiency reaches 75 garlic per minute, which meets the design requirements. The accuracy of the garlic posture recognition method and the rationality of the garlic orientation and orderly conveying device design are verified, and the automatic orientation and orderly conveying of garlic is realized.


The article is devoted to research of evolution of a lexical item of Russian language in three directions: pol+ ysemy, derivation, creation of phraseological items. The factors determining formation polysemy, realization of derivational and phrasecreation potential are considered in the article. Disclosure of word+formation and phrase+creation abilities of a lexeme is considered on an example of polysemant an arm on the basis of which were generated derivation and phraseological clusters in national Russian language


Orthorhombic, P2 1 2 1 2 1 , a=24.220, b=10.914, c=9.416A, Z=4, R=0.056. The peptide backbone is extended at Gly and L-Asp residues, while partially folded at L-C α -methyl-Phe


In semi-insulating GaAs (SI GaAs) photodiodes, an IR photoresponse for longer wavelength beyond the energy gap threshold is observed. The sensitivity is analyzed by classifying electrode types and configurations. The IR sensitivity originates from the optical hole injection. When a cathode has an ohmic contact, the IR sensitivity is enhanced exponentially with the bias voltage. The enhancement of the IR sensitivity corresponds to the negative differential resistance in SI GaAs. The mechanism of the IR sensitivity is discussed in terms of the avalanche injection.


Summary

1. The aestival heat budgets of two large limnetic enclosures within a small lake in the English Lake District were studied. During summer, these enclosures had different nutrient supplies and consequently different phytoplankton populations.

2. As initial temperature profiles were similar and the incoming surface heat and momentum fluxes for the two enclosures were identical, subsequent changes in the heat budget were assumed to be induced by the biological differences between the enclosures. The proposed mechanism is an increased surface absorption of solar radiation leading to extra surface warming and a consequent excess loss of heat to the atmosphere through long-wave emittance and sensible and latent heat fluxes, conservatively estimated to be of the order of 10–30 W m−2.

3. Theoretical calculations show that potential effects on a heat budget could be considerably larger than those observed here. The inherent non-linearity of the heat fluxes implies that such effects will be more important in warmer lakes than in colder ones.

4. Thermocline depth and strength were also altered by the response to differences in phytoplankton.

5. Any changes in climate or in nutrient loading from the catchment which substantially affect abundance or timing of phytoplankton populations in a lake will consequently also change the thermal structure of the lake.


A process for producing high quality, thin walled, wrought, rhenium tubing was successfully developed and qualified in the SP‐100 fuel fabrication program. Rhenium was selected for the fuel‐cladding barrier versus tungsten because of the cold workability and nuclear characteristics of rhenium. Several tube fabricating processes including swaging, drawing, and extruding sintered tube shells and chemical vapor deposition were evaluated before a drawn tube made by forming and electron beam welding rhenium strip was selected as the most cost effective. The process for making the rhenium tubes is discussed in general and the tube, room temperature, tensile properties are compared favorably with the properties reported in the literature.


Films have been neglected by psychologists, yet their powerful impact is shown in a field study of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Prior to the release of this film, 146 college students were administered a questionnaire on attitudes towards mental illness. Subsequent to the release of the film, they were readministered the questionnaire, when 85 had seen the film and 39 had not. Finally, a third administration occurred after half of the subjects had watched a television documentary designed to balance the film's portrayal of life in a mental institution. Analysis indicated substantial negative changes in attitude in four of the five areas investigated after viewing the film, but no change after the televised documentary.


. The problem of artistic translation in connection with the pragmatics of the text, the problems of conveying realities, lexical-semantic and lexical-stylistic transformations, the transfer of individual style features, the influence of the addressee's background knowledge on the choice of translation solutions, the emotionality of literary texts, the transfer of the gender aspect during translation, the transmission of colloquial vocabulary and proper names, linguistic strategies and models, alternative linguistic solutions, the role of the translator as an agent of culture is considered by scientists. Translation is a process of bilingual communication; its main task is to preserve the communicative function of the original in the translation. It is the communicative function that significantly characterizes the features of the elements of content, design by linguistic means, which determines the composition of functional dominants. Adequate transfer of functional dominants is the main solution to the problem of preserving the content invariant, that is, the basis of translation equivalence. Ключові слова: artistic translation, literary texts, translation equivalence.


This study investigates to what extend do teachers of English as a school subject (ESS) in Saudi schools follow recommendations and guidelines suggested by language testing specialists in developing tables of specifications and preparing blueprints to their formative and summative language tests. To answer the study questions, a thirteen-statement Likert-scale questionnaire was developed and validated. The questionnaire was completed by 199 female and male ESS teachers in Saudi schools with different years of experience who teach ESS in public and private schools to intermediate and high school level students. The results indicated that the study participants rarely follow the recommended guidelines in preparing their test specifications and blueprints. It was also found that the participants usually prepare their tests without prior planning. They do not specify in advance language skills and elements they are going to include in their tests or the scoring methods they are going to follow. Language elements that lend themselves to be tested have the priority. Significant differences among the participants according to gender, years of experience, school types the participants work for and the level they teach were found and reported. The study is concluded with recommendations that might be helpful to in-service ESS teachers.


In this text, we analyze how the genre of the historical chronicle begins to function in the nineteenth century as a Brazilian chronic. Thus we analyze the chain of meanings that is constructed with the genre along its discursive course, focusing primarily on the discursive web of discourses of History, Journalism and of Literature. The theoretical perspective underlying this reflection is mainly based on readings of Bakhtin (2003), Grillo (2006), and Machado (2005) on genres, and Alencar (2003), Braga (2011), Coutinho (2003), Candido (1992), Meyer (1992), and Santos (2005), among others, on the chronicle and its functioning.


Emerging technology that couples spatial irrigation distribution data with spatial plant and soil property data may provide a more robust assessment of irrigation system performance than conventional methods. Research was conducted on native soil and sand capped sports fields to (1) compare the lower quarter distribution uniformity (DUlq) and spatial variability of soil moisture (volumetric water content [VWC]) and irrigation distribution (using the catch can method); (2) investigate the influence of catch can amount, soil compaction (penetration resistance), and turfgrass vigor (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) on VWC; and (3) delineate and compare site-specific management units (SSMUs) for VWC and catch can amount to generate more informed irrigation-based management decisions. Volumetric water content DUlq was much higher than catch can DUlq on the native soil field, but the DUlqs were similar on the sand capped field. Spatial maps of VWC and catch can amount indicated that the spatial variability of VWC was not reflected in the spatial variability of catch can amount on either field. Penetration resistance and NDVI were significant at predicting VWC on the native soil field (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), and their spatial maps resembled the VWC map. Only catch can amount was significant at predicting VWC on the sand capped field (p < 0.001), but their spatial maps were dissimilar. Volumetric water content SSMUs would be useful for site-specific irrigation, soil moisture sensor placement, or aerification. Catch can amount SSMUs would be useful to visually identify and then correct deficiencies in an irrigation system's water distribution. Implementation of suggested management strategies may result in the conservation of water by improving overall irrigation efficiency.


In recent years, the control technique interconnection and damping assignment-passivity based control (IDA-PBC) has been a very important topic of research, this is because of the energetic interpretation that it gives to the problem of controlling systems with Port-Hamiltonian structure. This paper addresses the problem of finding suitable interconnection and damping matrices based on the bond graph modeling technique, complementing the methodology to achieve a more systematic procedure and gives an example in which the technique can be applied to control the dynamics of a vehicle suspension.


This paper reports the results of an acoustic experimental study of 88 Chinese College students' productive phonetic competence in English with a focus on the intelligibility and fluency of RP segments embedded in carrier words and a passage. The results found were: 1)The intelligibility of English segments in carrier words in citation form and connected speech were 88% and 89. 4%respectively,but the 11. 6% of mis-pronounced words in the read passage strikingly reduced the listening comprehension of the discourse. 2) There were hugely significant differences between Chinese students and British NSs in speech rates,pauses and Sandhi features,depicting the fragmental and disfluent speech flowof EG's read passage. 3) The assessment given by native English phoneticians and European EFL learners demonstrated that Chinese students' phonetic competence had reached the threshold level,but there would be a long way to go for them to achieve clarity,fluency,accuracy and efficiency in their cross-linguistic communications in English with NSs and EFL learners with different L1 s. It is hoped that the findings would shed light on CET curriculum revision and oral English teaching in Chinese universities.


Gnutella application layer protocol simply adopts the flooding algorithm to route peer's querying,which is just implemented on the application layer searching forward blindly instead of using down-layer's information routing.Therefore it has poor expandability.This paper proposes the models of multi-layers on the basis of layer and region of logic manage-unit,and studies the stress and stretch with the models which takes account of route strategy and multi-broadcast protocol.The model can solve expandability problem effectively.


The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), was reared on old honeycomb. Lipid extracts of the comb and the moth excreta were analyzed by silicic acid and gas chromatography. The wax contained 31 fatty acids consisting of carbon numbers 12 to 22 in the saturated series, and 4 unidentified series. The excrement contained the same saturated series, plus members of the normal unsaturated series. The unsaponifiable fractions contained alcohols tentatively identified as the 21 to 28 straight-chain members, as well as paraffin hydrocarbons. Comparative ester analysis of silicic acid column effluents showed that the insects had utilized some of the esters originally present in the honeycomb.


Confocal Raman microprobe spectroscopy, has been used to explore the chemical nature of electrical trees in polyethylene and two distinct classes of tree have been identified. In structures where discharge activity occurs within the body of the tree, the dominant characteristic is massive fluorescence. Where discharge activity is confined to the. tips, the Raman bands of polyethylene are seen throughout the body of the tree, but superimposed upon pronounced fluorescence. Other than at the tips, the G and D bands of sp/sup 2/ hybridized carbon are also seen. The chemical details of both tree types are therefore consistent with the discharge patterns; channels containing graphitic carbon are conducting whereas those that merely contain fluorescent decomposition residues are not. The implications of these results are discussed.


It is noted that previous analyses of the boomerang effect (attitude change as a result of training in the direction opposite of that intended) in aviation training environments were limited in that each subscale of the cockpit management attitudes questionnaire (CMAQ) was examined independently. This study develops and utilizes a new algorithm for grouping subjects such that a global attitude change score is derived from the attitude change scores on each CMAQ subscale. By evaluating global attitude change in addition to the more specific attitude change on each subscale, it might be possible to better comprehend the effects of crew resource management training on pilot attitudes.


The invention discloses a scheduling strategy evaluation method for an intelligent edifice air conditioning system in an uncertain environment. The method comprises the following steps that modeling is conducted according to weather, equipment, a user, a room, a room temperature monitor, a controller and scheduling strategies, and an NPTA template of the air conditioning system is generated; uncertain environment parameters and configurable parameters of the air conditioning system are configured; design constraints of the air conditioning system are converted into query properties, stochastic simulation operation is conducted on a system model with a UPPAAL-SMC serving as a query engine, and result data are obtained; and graphics and tables are drawn according to the result data, and quantitative analysis and evaluation are conducted on the strategies according to the graphics and the tables. By means of the scheduling strategy evaluation method for the intelligent edifice air conditioning system in the uncertain environment, the behaviors of the different scheduling strategies on energy consumption and user comfort level can be reflected accurately, and a designer of the intelligent edifice air conditioning system is assisted in conducting quantitative analysis and evaluation on the scheduling strategies and select and modify the scheduling strategies, so that an intelligent edifice can save more energy and be more comfortable.


A congenital fistula of the left circumflex coronary artery with large aneurysmal sacculations and drainage into the vena cava superior is reported in an asymptomatic black adult female. An indicator dilution curve excluded a significant left-to-right shunt. In addition, the patient had a large fusiform aneurysm of the superior vena cava with maximal extension in the anterior upper mediastinum. Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging were complementary diagnostic tools, the first for clearly visualizing coronary anatomy and shunt, the second for accurate imaging of the aneurysmal vena cava superior in the upper mediastinum.


Unlike many other unnatural deaths, suicides are occurrences that journalists often hesitate to cover. "Our policy is not to write about suicides," many journalists say. Except that often they do. This article, based on interviews with 50 US journalists, examines the rationales that journalists invoke as they decide whether to cover a suicide. This can be a high-risk decision because of the potential for suicide contagion and copycat effects. We conclude that in making a decision to cover a suicide, journalists go through a process of routinizing what, at the outset, they had considered an exceptional situation. This routinization provides a means to rationalize covering a death that they often say they would prefer to ignore.


ABSTRACT Artificial surfaces represent one of the key land cover types, and validation is an indispensable component of land cover mapping that ensures data quality. Traditionally, validation has been carried out by confronting the produced land cover map with reference data, which is collected through field surveys or image interpretation. However, this approach has limitations, including high costs in terms of money and time. Recently, geo-tagged photos from social media have been used as reference data. This procedure has lower costs, but the process of interpreting geo-tagged photos is still time-consuming. In fact, social media point of interest (POI) data, including geo-tagged photos, may contain useful textual information for land cover validation. However, this kind of special textual data has seldom been analysed or used to support land cover validation. This paper examines the potential of textual information from social media POIs as a new reference source to assist in artificial surface validation without photo recognition and proposes a validation framework using modified decision trees. First, POI datasets are classified semantically to divide POIs into the standard taxonomy of land cover maps. Then, a decision tree model is built and trained to classify POIs automatically. To eliminate the effects of spatial heterogeneity on POI classification, the shortest distances between each POI and both roads and villages serve as two factors in the modified decision tree model. Finally, a data transformation based on a majority vote algorithm is then performed to convert the classified points into raster form for the purposes of applying confusion matrix methods to the land cover map. Using Beijing as a study area, social media POIs from Sina Weibo were collected to validate artificial surfaces in GlobeLand30 in 2010. A classification accuracy of 80.68% was achieved through our modified decision tree method. Compared with a classification method without spatial heterogeneity, the accuracy is 10% greater. This result indicates that our modified decision tree method displays considerable skill in classifying POIs with high spatial heterogeneity. In addition, a high validation accuracy of 92.76% was achieved, which is relatively close to the official result of 86.7%. These preliminary results indicate that social media POI datasets are valuable ancillary data for land cover validation, and our proposed validation framework provides opportunities for land cover validation with low costs in terms of money and time.


I was invited to give an address on the topic "The Changing Role of the Public Service". With the agreement of the organizers I have changed my title to "The Role of the Public Service in a Changing Environment". That is a small change—but it is a significant one. Our role has not really changed. It is easy in the public service, as elsewhere, to be preoccupied with contemporary challenges, and to imagine that these are new and different. But that says more about the way memory discounts the past than anything else—the latest problem or challenge is always the worst. When I joined the Treasury in 1952 the economy had just come through the Korean War boom and was in the process of adjusting to Fadden's so-called "horror" budget. The world financial system was in disarray owing to the "shortage" of US dollars. The Arbitration Court in the two or three previous years had made some awards of great concern as to their inflationary consequences. I found the Treasury was a hive of frantic activity. Looking back from the perspective of today I merely note, as the French put it, that the more things change the more things stay the same.


Eastern European countries have adopted parliamentary institutions that resemble those in the West. This enables researchers to evaluate the effects of institutions in contrasting contexts. In this article, we study the impact of context on the allocation of government portfolios. We find that the distinct economic and cultural situation in less advanced Eastern European countries has a pronounced effect on coalition-bargaining over portfolios. In contrast, more advanced Eastern European countries exhibit patterns of allocation that match those found in the West. We discuss the implications of our results for studies of institutions and coalition theory.


This paper focuses on the basic theory of level set and its applications in image processing. The level set theory and the curves evolving method are discussed in detail,and the applications of level set method in image segmentation,image noise-reducing,image restoration,image registration,3D animation are illustrated. Experimental results show that a more accurate and robust image processing result can be achieved using the level set method than by the typical algorithm when complex forms and obvious topologic change are involved.


ABSTRACT This study reviews the available information for over 1200 Australian salt lakes including in areas that have little or unreliable data. Publicly available groundwater hydrogeochemical datasets for the Australian arid zone are particularly sparse, inconsistent and of variable quality. Many datasets in the vicinity of salt lakes only report salinity or total dissolved solids, with no data for constituent cations and anions, and no appreciation of the hydrological and geomorphic evolution of the lakes. To overcome these limitations and to provide a broad-scale context, we developed mineral systems models to assess the potential of Australian salt lakes for potash, lithium and boron deposits. These models show that an important control on the potential of salt lake systems to form economic deposits of potash, lithium or boron is hydrogeological connectivity between leachable source rocks and the lakes. The assessment of the mineral potential was carried out in two stages. The first stage selection was based on the presence of favourable source rocks in the salt lakes' catchments. The mean values of concentration in each catchment were derived from whole rock, sediment and groundwater geochemical datasets by averaging the values in samples (separately for each of the three datasets) located in the catchment and assigning this value to the catchment's salt lakes. The second stage selection was carried out by analysing available chemical data of groundwater in proximity to the salt lake systems delineated in the first stage. As a result, six regions were identified as having the highest potential, for potash in particular, but also for lithium and/or boron deposits. These are: the Lake Frome/Central Gawler Region of South Australia; two regions in the Northern Territory: the central western region extending into Western Australia, and the Lake Woods region; and, in Western Australia, the Lake Disappointment region, the north east Yilgarn and south east Yilgarn regions.


In its filing with the Commission, Amex included statements concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change. The text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in Item IV below. Amex has prepared summaries, set forth in Sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such statements. A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change 1. Purpose The Exchange proposes to add new Commentary .05 to Amex Rule 903C (Series of Stock Index Options) to allow


Objective Analysis of Fructus Corni medicinal materials common adulterants and identify inspection method,and provided a reliable means of identification test for Fructus Corni medicinal materials. Methods Analyzes and compares the identification of character,microstructure,physical and chemical nature of Fructus Corni and a variety of adulterate Fructus Corni. Results There is a significant difference between the genuine and adulterants of Fructus Corni in character,microstructure and physical and chemical nature identification features and pharmacological action is completely different,do not mix. Conclusion Should strengthen the authenticity of the identification of Fructus Corni,this method is simple,practicable,rapid and accurate,it is suitable to be used in identification of Fructus Corni and adulterate Fructus Corni,avoid the misuse of adverse consequences.


The principles of personalist bioethics are of crucial importance in the human dignity preservation and understanding. The principle of totality or therapeutic, and that of sociability and subsidiarity, are the object of reflection in this study, as well as the way in which they are manifested through the Ecuadorian Society of Bioethics, through the analytical and conceptual foundation on the origin and consistency of these. For this, documentary review, analysis and synthesis were used. These reflections allow us to confirm that the Bioethics Ecuadorian Society is an example of the need to base, in civil society, the protection of human dignity, and the use of such science as a normative and educational instrument; and that the subject is a social being and needs socialization, so as to help and contribute to mutual improvement. Consequently and as an indissoluble part, we find subsidiarity, in which certain social institutions play their roles.


W here is your picture? In order to encourage all SIGCSE members to actively participate in honoring those colleagues who make our organization great, I want to highlight both those who have already received awards and to underscore the responsibility of members to join in the nomination process. You may be aware that SIGCSE has two major awards, both presented at the annual SIGCSE Technical Symposium. The SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education honors an individual or group in recognition of a significant contribution to computer science education. The contribution should have had long lasting impact on, and made a significant difference in, computing education. The SIGCSE Award for Lifetime Service to the Computer Science Education Community honors an individual who has a long history of volunteer service to the computer science education community. Although not a SIGCSE Award, per se, ACM also annually awards computing educators with the Karl V. Karlstrom Educator Award since its inception in 1989. Additionally ACM members may be recognized with advanced member grades of senior member, distinguished member, and the pinnacle ACM Fellow designation. As SIGCSE members, I want to emphasize that it is your responsibility to consider nominating your colleagues for these awards and designations. I am announcing upcoming contests to identify the SIGCSE award winners' pictures. There will be two online contests, one for each type of award that SIGCSE gives. The prize for each will be a one-year free membership to SIGCSE. SIGCSE has given one Outstanding Educator Award per year since 1981 except 1984 none and 2007 two (38 awards) and has given one Lifetime Service Award per year since 1997 (22 awards).


We have made light‐guiding thin films with losses of ∼ 2.2 dB/cm at 0.633 μm from Kodak KPR photoresist which has been processed to remove a photosensitizer which absorbs in the visible. Curved and straight optical strip guides as narrow as 5 μm have been written in these films and have shown light guiding with losses of 3 to 8 dB/cm at 0.633 μm.


In this paper, we consider exact-repair distributed storage systems. Characterizing the optimal storage-vs-repair bandwidth tradeoff for such systems remains an open problem, in general with results available in the literature for very specific instances. We characterize the optimal tradeoff between storage and repair bandwidth if in addition to exact-repair requirements, an additional requirement of pair-wise symmetry on the repair process is imposed. The optimal tradeoff surprisingly consists of only one efficient point, namely the minimum bandwidth regenerating (MBR) point. These results are also extended to the case in which the stored data (or repair data) must be secure from an external wiretapper, and the correspondingly optimal secure tradeoffs are also characterized. The main technical tool used in the converse proofs is a use of Han's inequality for sub-sets of random variables. Finally, we also present results in which the pair-wise symmetry constraint is relaxed and a new converse bound is obtained for the case of exact repair in which an external adversary can access the repair data of any one node. This bound improves upon the existing best known results for the secure and exact repair problem.


Injury to the marginal mandibular nerve (MMN) is not uncommon in Radical neck dissection especially in irradiated neck, where fibrosis causes obliteration of tissue planes. MMN palsy leads to drooping of the corner of the mouth on the ipsilateral side [1]. Standard technique of avoiding injury to MMN is by placing the horizontal limb of neck dissection incision at least 3 cm below the lower margin of the mandible, ligating and dividing common facial vein deep to deep fascia and then lifting the vessel along with the upper skin flap. This nerve avoiding technique protects the nerve, which is lifted upwards within the skin flap by the loop of the vessel [2]. This maneuver may however preclude dissection of the adjoining superficial cervical lymph nodes, which are elevated with the skin flap. Their involvement is quite common in advanced oral cancers. A simple nerve dissecting technique to identify the MMN is described here. The author has been using it quite successfully in neck dissections. Horizontal component of the standard neck incision is made 4 cm below the lower margin of the mandible. Figure 1 shows the


[Objective]To observe SangXingQing lung soup combined meng LuSi treatment of infantile cough variant asthma effect.[Methods]Using random parallel control method,100 cases of clinic patients were randomly divided into two groups according to random number table method.The control group of 50 cases of large ring lactone class routine therapy.Treatment group(50 cases SangXingQing lung bind(Jiegeng,Dudouling 5g,Chaoniutipang,Chuanbei,Guangxingrenye every 10g,Gualou,Shuangsangye each 15g),1/d,boiling water 200 ml;oral sooner or later.SangXingQing lung soup at the same time take orally taking meng LuSi piece,4 mg/d 3 ~ 6 years old, 5 mg/d at the age of seven,before going to bed.Continuous treatment of 90 d to 1 course of treatment.Observation of clinical symptoms and adverse reactions.Treatment as a course,to determine efficacy.[Results]The treatment group 45 cases cured,3 cases were markedly effective,effective in 1 case,1 had no effect,total effective rate was 98.00%.Control group 32 cases cured,5 cases were markedly improved,3 cases,10 cases were invalid,and the total effective rate was 80.00%.The treatment group curative effect is better than that of control group(P 0.05).Joint.[Conclusion] SangXingQing lung soup meng LuSi treatment of infantile cough variant asthma effect is remarkable,is worth promoting.


The purpose of this paper is to report on an exploratory study of the role that tourism policy plays in influencing tourism development. The research is based on two questions: How does tourism policy influence tourism development in the small twin-island state of Trinidad and Tobago? and How does an arrangement of dual governance in a small twin-island state promote tourism development? The exploration demonstrates that tourism development in the context of Tobago, the smaller of the two islands, has been slowed as a result of dual governance and hence dual policy arrangements.


There are quite a few existing problems in the construction of the teaching staff in higher medical education institutions,such as teachers' quality far from optimism,the enormous loss of the teachers,and the mechanism and system of the teaching staff construction not suited to the new situation.Therefore,importance should be attached to the following aspects: introducing the market competition mechanism,optimizing the resource allocation of teaching staff,strengthening the construction of backbone teachers,reforming the authorized size management of the teaching staff and the teaching and scientific research mode, perfecting the teachers' engagement system,intensifying the competitive mechanism,enhancing the teachers' training to improve their comprehensive quality,improving their professional ethics,and in the meantime,improving their treatment by great efforts.


Abstract. In order to solve for the mode intensity distributions in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) cross section and the propagation constant for the design of fiber bandpass filters, we numerically analyze the modal distributions of the fundamental core mode and different cladding modes. Based on the simulation results, we also experimentally demonstrate a simple fabrication of bandpass filters inscribed on the PCF by inserting a π-phase shift in a 12-period long-period grating (LPG). Two rejection bands with greater than 18 dB isolation and an ultra-wide band of 85.3 nm are achieved. The phase-shifted PCF-LPGs are fabricated using a CO2 laser with point-by-point focused pulses. The proposed fiber bandpass filter is compact and is not influenced by temperature effects.


Fukunari Kimura noted that the sample was about 200 firms, which is unproblematic when ordinary least square estimations are used. It is more difficult in the fixed-effect estimations, however, because then only firms that switch from no FDI to FDI, or from FDI to no FDI, remain in the sample. It seems that there are relatively few of these firms, which might also explain part of the low explanatory power of the fixed-effect estimations.


Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are debilitating diseases for which a patient's prognosis depends heavily on complete tumor resection. Currently, the surgeon's fingers determine the location of tissue margins. This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of a novel imaging modality, dynamic optical contrast imaging (DOCI), in the detection of HNSCC. This system generates contrast by illuminating the tissue with pulsed light and detecting variations in endogenous fluorophore lifetimes.


This article is devoted to an operator generalization for elastoanisotropic case well known in optics of isotropic media: the scalar Stokes relations. The generalized relations connect Fresnel reflection and transmission operators, which apply to problems of the direct and inverse incidence of a plane wave on a plane interface of two semi-infinite linear homogeneous gyroanisotropic media. The tensor of surface impedance for the piezocrystals is introduced. Using the operator impedance method, feasibility conditions for stated relations are analyzed for oblique and normal wave incidence on the anisotropic layer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Inference on the present data will be more reliable when the data arising from previous similar studies are available. The data arising from previous studies are referred as historical data. The power prior is defined by the likelihood function based on the historical data to the power , where . The power prior is a useful informative prior for Bayesian inference such as model selection and model comparison. We utilize the historical data to perform multiple comparison in the one-way ANOVA model. We demonstrate our results with some simulated datasets under a simple order restriction between the treatments.


In spite of the work on bubble columns, their design and scale-up is still a difficult task due to the lack of understanding of bubble dispersions and mass transfer mechanisms. Even less known are viscous or non-Newtonian fluids. Therefore, a theoretical model for predicting the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, kLa, in bubble columns operating with viscous fluids has been proposed. The model consists of a population balance coupled with a theoretical equation for the Sherwood number for oscillating bubbles, considering the effect of liquid viscosity on both. Experimental results for Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscous liquids from the literature are used to validate the model. Bubble dispersions have been simulated with good agreement using the Weber critical number, Wec, as a parameter to account for the effect of liquid viscosity, which increases bubble stability. A correlation between the liquid viscosity and Wec has also been proposed. The mass transfer resistance is calculated taking into accoun...


The first member of polyhydroxyalcanoate family is polyhydroxybutyrate. The origin of renewable sources and the property of being biodegradable, it's conferring an important ecological impact. However, these materials have a very narrow processing window, relatively low impact resistance by the high crystalinity and slow crystallization process. The miscibility of polyhydroxybutyrate/polyethelenadipate, and polyhydroxybutyrate/poly(vinyl acetate) blends were studied using thermal analysis. Polyhydroxybutyrate/5% poly(vinyl acetate) and polyhydroxybutyrate/5% polyethelenadipate blends results miscibility. Isothermal crystallization of this blend was carried out at 40 o C in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isothermal crystallization kinetic of these materials was analyzed by the Avrami equation. In all cases, n parameter is almost 2. This result shows that the nucleation mechanism and the geometric of polyhydroxybutyrate crystalline phase are not affected by the other polymer. polyhydroxybutyrate/5% polyethelenadipate blend, has smaller induction time, smaller crystallization halftime and the highest k value than the others systems. polyethelenadipate, that is plasticizer because the blend Tg is lowered, then, polyhydroxybutyrate chains may move more easily in the crystal growth step, during crystallization process. Crystallinity percents were calculated by samples X-ray diffractograms, polyethelenadipate only increases the crystallization rate, it not affects the crystallinity percents of PHB. Samples are 15 days old.


1. We obtain costs estimates from engineers in order to begin discussions on project budgets. We do not build to avoid lawsuits when working with budgets. To ensure the use of the most costefficient techniques, we speak directly to the people who build levees and move dirt; contractors who have great experience in building levees and moving soil.


In this work we are addressing the threshold voltage instability observed in non volatile nanocrystal memories (NCMs) during the retention experiments under constant applied bias. Such instability derives from the charge motion at the oxide/nitride interface traps of the oxide/nitride/oxide stack employed as control dielectric. We also investigated the impact of temperature on the cell retention properties, showing important and original results that could be attributed to the structure of the control dielectric stack.


• This study provides insight in characteristics, pain and pain management of patients with acute musculoskeletal trauma. • Multiple factors within this acute pain phase may be responsible for the transition from acute to chronic pain after trauma. • Prognostic factors will give us the ability to target high-risk patients already in the acute care setting and provide them with appropriate treatment to avoid the development and subsequently the consequences of chronic musculoskeletal pain. RESULTS To describe trauma, affective and pain characteristics of patients with acute musculoskeletal trauma to the extremities. OBJECTIVE 1.University of Twente, Health Technology & Services Research, Enschede, The Netherlands 2. University Medical Center Utrecht, Emergency Department, Utrecht, The Netherlands 3. Medisch Spectrum Twente, Emergency and Surgery Department, Enschede, The Netherlands


A new device based on light scattering for measuring the particle concentration in the exhaust of diesel engines is presented. The paper outlines the theory of light scattering, followed by a description of essential parts of the scattering measurement setup. Finally, the issues of correlation to known measures and the calibration for low concentrations are discussed.


The present paper describes the design and the implementation of a high temperature control monitoring (HTCM) for investigating the characteristics of a new type of thermoelectric generator (TEG) materials. This new material should work with temperature difference up to 400 K, while most common TEGs using tellurium material operate with temperature differences up to 200 K, and cannot withstand temperatures higher than 473 K. In order to perform exact temperature control, the thermal power supplied to the HTCM and to regulate the temperature difference on TEG, a mathematical model of digitalized linear AC voltage phase switching was worked out and implemented in the developed device. This model makes it possible to achieve the exact accuracy of temperature control through the digital control of AC voltage phase switching. During the TEG performance measurement process the developed HTCM keeps the TEG hot side at the specified temperature, while the cold side is holding on constant temperature of approximately 293 K. The HTCM embedded system was developed in order to test new TEG materials by specified high temperature ranges and to acquire and transmit data to an online host PC.


The present postmodern cultures have embraced emerging media technology with a greater focus on the expansion of social economic spheres, largely from a modern capitalistic worldview. The Internet in particular has stimulated media production and consumption to be plentiful, speedy and innovative. In the educational context, emerging media technology has often been regarded based on three main presumptions: it is an opportunity for instructive advancement, it is a separate cultural reality, or it is ignored altogether as non-consequential vis-a-vis teaching and learning processes. Indeed, the impact of interactive media technology on shaping how one sees and interacts with the world cannot be overlooked. Nonetheless, proper attention has not yet been given to media technology in the field of Christian education. This paper draws the readers` attention to the emerging role of media technology in forming and shaping worldviews from the perspective of Christian education.


Models for color conversion can be simplified if they avoid the problems associated with color spacing, and instead deal only with color equivalences of different samples seen under different illuminants. When viewed in this manner, the major problem of color conversion is reduced to one of chromatic adaptation, for which a nonlinear von Kries formulation may apply. Two modifications of the original von Kries coefficients are introduced: one dealing with the discounting of the illuminant, the second concerned with Helson's contrast effect. The revised von Kries model is then used to predict the Land demonstrations, and is found to be as accurate as the more complicated Helson–Judd formulation.


Photonic crystals are periodic optical nanostructures that are designed to affect the motion of photons. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are a class of optical fibers that uses photonic crystal cladding and were developed in early 1990s. The continuous and innovative experimental works on the photonic crystal fiber illustrates that they posses fundamentally exceptional properties and overcomes many limitations of conventional optical fiber, i.e. being endlessly single mode, high non linear coefficients, anomalous dispersion in visible region and guiding light through hollow core. Considering these unique as well as exceptional properties the thesis mainly focused on the micro sensor based properties of photonic crystal and photonic crystal fiber that include the transmittance and reflectance features and also the band gap analysis to define the range of frequencies in the band gap that would be strongly reflected from periodic arrangement of the designed photonic structure. The thesis starts with a short review of conventional fibers as well as the some essential basics of photonic crystal structures and then proceeds to a discussion on the guiding mechanism including modified total internal reflection and photonic band gap guidance are reviewed. The main properties of solid core PCFs that includes dispersion tailoring, ultra high nonlinearities, birefringent features are being studied. A short review of the loss mechanisms is also presented. The numerical modeling techniques for modeling as well as simulation of photonic crystal designs are introduced. The modeling techniques include finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method. The FDTD method has been represented in context to modal and polarization properties of the photonic design and PWE method has been represented in context to band gap analysis of the designed photonic structure. The FDTD modeling of photonic crystal in one dimensional and two dimensional forms is done by taking the rectangular lattice waveguide structure and dielectric material of user defined refractive index. The default material is taken to be air with unit refractive index. The FDTD simulation and analyses of modeled crystal is done that presents the reflectance and transmittance properties of the photonic crystal-the electric and magnetic field component for


In spring 2001, the Boston University College of Engineering inaugurated a study abroad program at the Technical University of Dresden (TUD) in Germany. This program was designed specifically for second-semester sophomore engineering undergraduates and was structured to make it possible for engineering students to seamlessly incorporate a study abroad experience into their normal engineering programs without extending the length of the degree program, without incurring additional expense, and without having prior knowledge of a foreign language. The second semester of the sophomore year was targeted because this is the last semester in which engineering students at Boston University share a substantially common curriculum. Program participants take the same technical courses at TUD that they would have taken in Boston. These courses are taught in English by TUD faculty using the same textbooks and syllabi as in Boston and incorporate equivalent laboratory experiences. In addition, students take a sociology course which focuses on technology and society in Germany (also taught in English), and an intensive German language course. To date, 124 students have completed the program in Dresden. Several approaches have been used to assess the success of the program. These include annual debriefing sessions with returning students early in the fall semester and a review of preand post-study abroad academic performance. Additionally, a comprehensive survey of all participants to date was undertaken in fall 2005, and updated in fall 2006 to include spring 2006 participants. This paper will report on the feedback received. By all measures, the program has been outstandingly successful. Student interest and program scope have increased substantially since 2001. In 2006, we launched a second site at Tech de Monterrey in Guadalajara, Mexico and a third site at Tel Aviv University in 2007. We are also in discussions with institutions in India, China and Singapore about future programs. We interpret this success as validation of our belief that engineering students will embrace the opportunity to study abroad if appropriate structures are created and significant barriers are reduced.


Objective To analyze the diagnostic methods of Achilles tendon rupture by MRI.Methods All 16 cases with Achilles tendon rupture were examined with sagital T 1,2 WI and axial T 1WI imaging.4 cases were appended Gd-DTPA enhancement.6 cases were followed up with MRI after 6~8 weeks.Results MRI appearance of Achilles tendon rupture represented Achilles tendon thickening,decrescent ratio of wide/vertical survey,hyperintensity in tendon,discontinuous fibrous bundle,fluid collected around tendon comparing with of normal Achilles tendon.Conclusion MRI is an valuable tool for the diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture.


Time- and state-domain methods are two common approaches to nonparametric prediction. Whereas the former uses data predominantly from recent history, the latter relies mainly on historical information. Combining these two pieces of valuable information is an interesting challenge in statistics. We surmount this problem by dynamically integrating information from both the time and state domains. The estimators from these two domains are optimally combined based on a data-driven weighting strategy, which provides a more efficient estimator of volatility. Asymptotic normality is separately established for the time domain, the state domain, and the integrated estimators. By comparing the efficiency of the estimators, we demonstrate that the proposed integrated estimator uniformly dominates the other two estimators. The proposed dynamic integration approach is also applicable to other estimation problems in time series. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate that the newly proposed procedure outperforms some popular ones, such as the RiskMetrics and historical simulation approaches, among others. In addition, empirical studies convincingly endorse our integration method.


Objective To investigate the main etiological factors and clinical characteristics of intestinal and clinical characteristics of intestinal obstruction after operation for gastrointestinal cancer.Methods Compared with surgical outcomes,many indexes of 72 patients with intestinal obstruction after operation for gastrointestinal carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.Results In tumor recurrent group,the degree of differentiation of primary carcinoma was lower and the tumor stage was later than in tumor non-recurrent group(P0.05).There was significant difference in incidence of abdominal mass,incomplete obstruction and large bowel obstruction between two groups(P0.01).The mean level and positive rate of CEA in tumor recurrent group were significantly higher than in tumor non-recurrent group(P0.05).Conclusion All the factors mentioned above could be used in etiological diagnoses of intestinal obstruction after operation for gastrointestinal carcinoma.


The present study describes the biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver ions using in vitro-grown leaf samples of Bambusa arundinacea (Ba) and Bambusa nutans (Bn) and their anticancer activity against human prostatic cancer cell lines (PC3). The metallic AgNPs were synthesized at room temperature by treating the leaf extracts of Bambusa arundinacea and Bambusa nutans with 2 mM silver nitrate using the boiled method. The characterization of synthesized BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs was performed using UV-Vis spectrum (absorption peak at 365 nm), FTIR, TEM (spherical shape), SEM (size of 30-90 nm), and EDX analysis. Cell viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxicity effect of AgNPs on the PC3 cancer cell line and the Vero normal cell line. The IC_50 values for BaAgNP- and BnAgNP-treated PC3 cancer cells were found to be 73.57 µg/mL and 84.88 µg/mL while the values for treated Vero cells were found to be 93.58 µg/mL and 96.41 µg/mL, respectively. The percentages of the apoptotic bodies by AO/EtBr staining were found to be 76% and 62% for BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs, respectively. The results strongly suggest that synthesized BaAgNPs show potential anticancer activity against human PC3 cell lines compared to BnAgNPs.


Reproducibility of the parameters of bronchial patency was studied in 31 patients with nonspecific pulmonary diseases, changes in the parameters of bronchial patency during the berotek and loading tests--in 28 healthy subjects, the dynamics of bronchial patency in these tests and the value of separate methods of study of bronchial patency--in 119 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The parameters of spirography, forced expiration flow-volume and general plethysmography were used. Assessment of the results of the pharmacological and loading tests require consideration of reproducibility of the parameters and their changes in healthy subjects in connection with a broncholytic action on the tone of bronchial muscles. The table of limited diagnostically insignificant functional changes in bronchial patency in given. When evaluating the results of functional tests, it is expedient to use a combination of the parameters of spirography, the curve of forced expiration flow-volume and general plethysmography and in the choice of method preference should be given to the registration of the curve of forced expiration flow-volume. The most sensitive parameters of the dynamics of bronchial patency in the broncholytic and loading tests have been developed.


Bio-oil produced from the fast pyrolysis/hydrothermal liquefaction is gaining popularity worldwide as the forerunner to replace fossil fuel. The bio-oil can be produced from agricultural waste, forest residue, and urban organic waste. It is also called pyrolysis oil, renewable fuel, and has the potential to be used as fuel in many applications. The application of bio-oil as transportation fuel helps to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and to keep up the ecological balance. The bio-oil has the heating value of nearly half of the diesel fuel i.e. 16-19 MJ/kg; but, the inferior properties such as high water content, high viscosity, low pH, and poor stability hinder bio-oil application as a fuel. Thus, this paper provides a detailed review of bio-oil properties, its limitations and focuses on the recent development of different upgrading and separation techniques, used to date for the improvement of the bio-oil quality. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each upgrading method along with the application and environmental impact of bio-oil are also discussed in this article.


Solution crystallization operations have complex dynamics that are typically lumped into two competing processes namely nucleation and growth. Mathematical models can be used to describe these two processes and their effect on the crystal population when subject to variables like temperature, addition of anti-solvent, etc. To ensure that the crystals meet specific performance objectives, the models need to be solved and the control variables need to be optimized. This has largely been done until now using algorithms from dynamic programming or optimal control theory. Recently, however, it has been shown that learning frameworks like Reinforcement Learning can solve large optimization problems efficiently while offering distinct advantages. In this work, we explore the possibility of computing the optimal profiles of a semi-batch crystallizer to control the mean size and variance using four different deep RL algorithms. The performance on one of the tasks is evaluated experimentally on the anti-solvent crystallization of NaCl in a water-ethanol system.


Abstract Selective transformations of the free hydroxyl groups in 2,3,4,3′,4′-penta-O-benzyl-sucrose (1) were studied. Oxidation of 1 with the Swern reagent followed by reaction with Ph3P=CH-COOMe gave 2,3,4,3′,4′-penta-O-benzyl-1′,6,6′-tris-(E)(C-carbomethoxy-methylene)sucrose (2) in ca.40% as the single product. Reaction of 1 with p-nitrobenzoic acid under Mitsunobu conditions gave 6,6′-di-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-2,3,4,3′,4′-penta-O-benzylsucrose (3) which was easily converted into 2,3,4,3′,4′-penta-O-benzyl-1′-methoxy-methylsucrose (5). Reaction of 1 with one equivalent of pivaloyl chloride gave monoprotected 2,3,4,3′,4′-penta-O-benzyl-6′-O-pivaloylsucrose (6) [30% with triethylamine or 45% yield in the presence of (Bu3Sn)2O] together with a small amount of diprotected 2,3.4,3′,4′-penta-O-benzyl-6,6′-di-O-pivaloylsucrose (7).


The transformation of C-Si-Mn TRIP steel during continuous cooling in two static conditions was studied by dilatometry.The effects of cooling rate and austenitizing process on the microstructure were analyzed.The ferrite transformed when the cooling rate was below 15℃/s,bainite transformed when the cooling rate increased.Ferrite transformation region in static CCT curves of simutating TSCR(thin slab casting and rolling) process was lower than that of national standard,and bainite transformation region was wider,bainite transformation starting temperature was similar,bainite transformation finish temperature was lower.