Objective To explore the relationship of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C) and macrovascular complications with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and analyze the clinical application value of non-HDL-C.Methods A total of 120 patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study:60 patients without macrovascular complications(group B),60 patients with macrovascular complications(group C),meanwhile 100 individuals served as normal controls(group A).Blood lipids were measured and non-HDL-C was calculated.Results The level of non-HDL-C was successively increased in group A,B and C,(3.04±0.62) mmol/L,(3.68±0.56) mmol/L vs(4.64±0.82) mmol/L(P0.01);Using receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curve to analyze the clinical application value of non-HDL-C in patients with macrovascular complications of T2DM,non-HDL-C had the largest area under-curve of 0.845 in group C and had significant difference compared with group B(P0.01).Conclusion The increase of non-HDL-C is the risk factor for macrovascular complications of T2DM and has high clinical application value.


NAND-based Solid-State Disks (SSDs) have become the mainstream storage solution thanks to their high I/O performance and data persistency. Modern SSDs boost their storage capacity by increasing the flash cell-bit density, resulting in severe leakage-induced bit errors over time. Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) is a common error correcting code for flash memory, which features incremental decoding strength levels through adding extra voltage sensing levels. However, when bit error rate becomes high, LDPC decoding with strong correction will be very slow. In this study, we identify that the read latency is strongly correlated with the method of bit labeling on cell threshold-voltage states, and based on this finding we propose using adaptive bit labeling to optimize the SSD read latency. Specifically, our method employ 2-3-2 Gray Coding as the default mode, and frequently-read data will be switched to using the least-significant page and center-significant page with 1-2-4 Gray Coding for fast reading. Our experimental results show that our design greatly outperforms static bit labeling and a state-of-the-art method.


TRial SUMMaRy: RESONaTETM-17: interim results for ibrutinib in Cll with 17p deletion O'brien s, Jones J, coutre s, et al. efficacy and safety of ibrutinib in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion: results from the phase II resONateTM-17 trial, american society of Hematology annual meeting, december 8, 2014, session 642. abstract 327


The Social Sciences Replication Project, the latest in a string of efforts to test the repeatability of published research findings, has released the results of its attempt to replicate all 21 experimental social science papers published in Science and Nature between 2010 and 2015. Like its predecessors, the new effort found that a large fraction of published studies don9t yield the same results when done a second time: Sixty-two percent of the studies replicated successfully. But this project strove to give the studies the benefit of the doubt by dramatically increasing the sample size and statistical power compared with the original studies, to allow for the possibility that their effect, though real, has been inflated. The new project also offers new evidence that experts are highly accurate in predicting the likely replicability of a study in advance—which suggests new approaches to rooting out problematic papers.


The development of large-scale quantum computers will require the implementation of scalable control electronics, which may have to operate at temperatures as low as 4 K. In this paper, we review a first-generation control IC that has been implemented for use with transmon qubits. We first explain the requirements which such an IC must meet and then present the circuit design. We next describe a series of quantum control experiments carried out with the IC. The paper concludes with a discussion of future work.


In order to give free rein to special function of news media, the orientor of public opinions should master Marxist guiding art of public opinions to guide public opinions scientifically.


The usage of application-specific hardware based on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) has proven its benefits. Current system-on-chips, which contain FPGA fabric, supporting dynamic partial reconfiguration, enable a dynamic hardware acceleration for hardware/software co-designs. With the trend to consolidate multiple computing systems into a single system, applications with mixed criticalities can come into conflict. With our approach, we are exploring the possibility to utilize dedicated hardware for the system management and benefit from possible parallelization of applications and system management tasks.


Currently, we have no cures for patients with leukemia and allied disorders. However, there are available a number of agents which, judiciously employed, alone or in combination, may contribute significantly to the health and life of such patients. On the basis of his own clinical experience, the author assesses various chemotherapeutic agents as well as different types of x-ray therapy, and discusses their applicability to specific disease states.


Government of Nepal is implementing many water supply projects through its regular and through many projects. Small Town water Supply Project is one of the major projects in water supply implemented by GoN in support of ADB. Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) project is based on cost recovery principle. The study is focused to find out factors, magnitude, cost and the way time and cost overrun decreasing the profitability financially.

All 21 sub projects are selected for study. The secondary data especially the requests by the Contractors, recommendations by Consultants and grants by Clients are used for the analysis of time and cost overrun. The financial evaluation of two projects is conducted after time and cost overrun to show the impacts of time and cost overrun in the profitability of the projects.

The average time overrun of the overall projects are found 15.83 months with average time overrun of 11.58 months in Terai(plain land) located projects and 20.94 months in Hilly located projects. The sector project is found 10.68% increment in cost after variation with 9.33% in Terai located projects and 12.48% in Hill located projects. Financial profitability of the projects was found decreased due to time and cost overrun.

The research concludes that project like SSTWSSSP which are based on the principle of cost recovery has significant impacts due to time and cost overrun. Because loan payment becomes delayed as tariff is only collected after completion of the project. It is therefore an equal role of Client, Consultants, Contractors and important stakeholders to foresee the probable factors of time and cost overrun and focus to reduce them.


 The motivation for the usage of new media in University-Education can be different. In this Paper we describe the Passenger-Approach and our motivation for the usage of new media to support a Software-Engineering Course. We mainly emphasizes the methods and tools used for telecooperation which were developed within this Project. The usage of these tools is first of all meant for a Software-Engineering lab, but is not restricted to this subject. The international degree course "Computer Science &Communication Engineering", which was first offered at Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg during the wintersemester 1997 plays an important role. This degree course is financed by the "German Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology" and is aimed at students of all nationalities. The development and setup of the new international degree course are described in [1]. German students are required to spend at least one semester abroad. With the usage of new media and communication technologies it should be easier for foreign students to follow the studies in Germany. Further, it can give german students the ability to take part in Software-Engineering Course during their abroad period of the study. Thus students not only have the ability of shortening their study-time, but also have the chance of getting knowledge in systems known as Compuer Supported Collaborative Working (CSCW) Environments [2].


contented life. While the high rates of return migration frustrated Australian officials, an apparently significant proportion of returnees later regretted their retreat, not least because of the Australian climate. Notwithstanding the centrality of migration (including convict transportation) from Britain to Australian history, and the historical, cultural, and political links between metropole and colonies/dominion, this sampling of recent Australian historiography suggests the specific contours of Australian history. The particularities of British colonization of Aboriginal peoples, the development of political forms from penal colony and other origins that fostered irreverent masculinist egalitarianism, women's struggles against and within those political forms and a national mythology based on the bushman and the heroic Anzac, and disparate colonial histories that led to states jealous of their powers within a federal nation, together shape the various aspects of Australian history covered by the books reviewed. The connections and the specificities both are telling dynamics constitutive of the history of the empire.


The title compound was obtained as an unexpected by-product in the attempted biaryl coupling of phenyl 1-methoxy-2-naphthoate with 2-methoxy-1-naphthyl magnesium bromide. From ether/petroleum ether it crystallizes from the purified reaction mixture as colorless plates of the space group P2 1 /a; a = 1258.7(5) pm, b = 1791.1(8) pm, c = 583.8(2) pm, and β = 93.68(3)°. The most characteristic feature of the structure is an intramolecular hydrogen bond quasi forming a fourth 6-membered nearly planar ring system


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Background Treatment modalities for condylar fractures of the mandible includes closed reduction, open reduction–internal fixation and functional therapy.[1]Here we


Composite tissue transfer The second main clinical field of microvascular surgery is composite tissue transfer, involving free flap and omental transfers with microvascular anastomoses. Twenty-four such transfers have been performed at St Vincent's, the donor sites being the groin (mainly), forehead, digit, and omenttum. Harii, who performed the first microvascular free flap transfer in September I972, has also used the scalp, the deltopectoral area, and a compound skin-muscle flap involving the skin and underlying gracilis27". It would appear from anatomical dissections that the dorsum of the foot may also be a potential donor area"'29. Recipient sites have included the hand and forearm, head and neck, lower limb, and thorax. The indications have included reconstructive cancer surgery, traumatic skin losses, scar contractures following burns and other trauma, burn scar disfigurements'", adduction contractures of the thumb, and congenital abnormalities. Nineteen of the 24 transplants have survived, and one that failed was sticcessfully repeated. Although omental transfer based on a vascular pedicle has been described for covering chest defects, McLean and Buncke" were the first to use it as a free transfer with microvascular anastomoses to cover a large defect of the scalp with a free skin graft for final cover. This has been repeated on several occasions by Harii". I have used the omentum for the correction of bilateral facial atrophy in a 39-year-old man. The omentum was divided longitudinally and each segment transferred to the face with end-to-end anastomoses of the gastroepiploic vessels to the facial vessels. SurPlastic Surgeon, St Vincent's


This chapter examines the potential applicability of non-verbal communication methods from experimental social psychology, also known as body language methods, in urban design. It uses an empirical study to understand their effectiveness to study person-environment relationships, with a particular focus to the sociality and spatiality of informal social interactions in public space, i.e., the social and spatial mechanics between people and space in a social interaction. In doing so, it demonstrates their capacity for multi-analysis of the materiality of public space settings, in relation to their social affordances, and varied social perspectives and roles, paving the way for new knowledge in social interactional studies of public space


The recent publication by Rudolf Berliner of a preparatory drawing by Antonio Gentili for a silvergilt crucifix in St. Peter's, Rome, has added an important new element to our knowledge of one of the outstanding monuments of the goldsmith's art in the Late Renaissance.1 However, the history of the piece would seem to be rather more complex than Dr. Berliner suggests, at least in its initial stage. The following remarks may help to clarify this aspect of the problem.


In accordance with the regulation by aspartate of phosphoenolpyrubate (PEP*) carboxy-lase, glutamate formation in Brevibacterium flavum, a glutamate-producing bacterium, was inhibited by the addition of aspartate. Furthermore, an increase in aspartate formation caused by a mutational decrease in citrate synthase specific activity was accompanied by a decrease in the total amount of glutamate and aspartate formed. However, a mutational decrease in glutamate dehydrogenase activity caused a decrease in the total amount without increasing the asparate formation but with accumulation of 2-oxoglutarate, suggesting that the feedback inhibition by the aspartate of PEP carboxylase was enhanced by 2-oxoglutarate. In fact, partially purified PEP carboxylase from this organism was found to be synergistically inhibited by aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, cis-aconitase, or isocitrate. Among them, the effects of tricarboxylic acids were attributed to their non-specific chelating action with Mns+, an activator of the enzyme. The synergistic action of 2-oxoglutarate was accompanied by a decrease in Hill coefficient for the aspartate of the enzyme.


For most of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act's history, key decisions concerning its enforcement and direction were made behind closed doors around conference room tables in Washington, D.C. While many enforcement decisions and procedures remain opaque, 2011 witnessed the most intense year of public scrutiny in the FCPA's history.This article, in addition to providing a brief overview of the 2011 enforcement year, details the scrutiny the FCPA was subjected to in the past year. This scrutiny reveals that as the FCPA nears its 35th year, basic legal and policy questions remain as to the purpose, scope, and effectiveness of the law.


Spirituality has entered organizational discourse through the back door and is now sitting in the drawing room awaiting a proper welcome. We are living at a time when both the benefits and limitations of the modern worldview are readily apparent to us. We see the miracles science has wrought and we also see what damage it has enabled us to create. Great strides in information and communication technologies, transportation, and health care have come packaged with great environmental destruction and the near loss of indigenous lifestyles around the world.' The modern focus on objectivity and the separation of science and spirituality, taken to fullness, leaves people separate from one another, separate from nature, and separate from the divine. As a people we can no longer ignore poetry and trust analysis, ignore nature and trust the sterility of the laboratory, or ignore the multiple voices we hear in the night and trust only the rules, laws, or policies written by some unknown people to guide their lives, not ours. Modem science in its flowering has given seed to the postmodern,


On December 17, 1985 about 40people gathered at the Centerfor European Studies to hearpresentations on various aspects of the controversy surrounding the Fassbinderplay, Garbage, the City and Death, (Der Midll, die Stadt und der Tod). The event was sponsored by two of the Center's study groups: The Jews in Modem Europe Study Group and The German Study Group. The immediate contextfor this seminar was set by the Bitburg incident and its aftermath in the late spring of 1985. Observers on both sides of the Atlantic were disturbed by the actions and statements of President Reagan and Chancellor Kohl and were disappointed by the concomitant lack of protest on the part of much of the West German Left. Two ofthe panel members in the CES roundtable contributed to this inter-continental debate. Moishe Postone's essay "Bitburg und die Linke, "published in Pflasterstrand onJune 1, 1985 and Andrei S. Markovits' letter "Ein offener Brief an die deutsche Linke: Kliglich versagt" appearing in die tageszeitung on May 9, 1985, both elicited lively and varied responses andfanned theflames ofcontroversy


Based on the perturbation theory, the resonance acoustic spectroscopy for a resonance cylindrical cavity with an inner small coaxial cylinder is investigated. Analytical expressions, in a cylindrical cavity with the rigid walls and traction-free ends, are derived for the acoustic resonance frequency shifts caused by the inclusion of a coaxially small cylindrical sample. The effects of various parameters on resonant frequencies of the resonant cavity are studied by numerical modeling in detail. The simulation results show that the lowest mode resonant frequency is very sensitive to the position of the sample. When the sample is located in the middle of the cylinder cavity, the resonant frequency gets its maximum and is more sensitive to the sample velocity. When the sample is located at two ends, the resonant frequency gets its minimum and is more sensitive to the sample density. Comparison of the experimental and theoretical values shows that their changing tendencies are in agreement qualitatively.


Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are currently the largest global cause of adult mortality, one of the principal burdens of disease in developed and underdeveloped countries. Their main causes are well known, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and the harmful use of alcohol. The prevalence of these risk factors is directly related to the activities of transnational corporations (TNCs). For example, just the TNC budgets dedicated to advertising risky consumption are larger than the budget of the World Health Organization.A literature survey shows that NCDs have important long-term macroeconomic impacts, whose detailed evaluation has only just begun. The sheer burden on the working and aged population implies strong impacts on labor, saving and investment, as well as increased human capital depreciation. These will all impact long-term economic growth. It is a research priority to quantify these impacts. However, in the context of globalization, NCD is developing faster than its rigorous analysis.Research results show that what is needed is preventive action. This requires a global institutional framework capable of controlling NCD risk factors, which can also promote health and economic growth in general. Developing legal mechanisms to slow the negative impact of the deficient nutrition transition would be a step in that direction. Global markets need to be balanced with global governance holding TNCs responsible for their impact, promoting cooperative solutions when available, and taxing them so that they carry their fair share of social weight.


Impact assessment of drug benefits policies is a growing field of research that is increasingly relevant to healthcare planning for older people. Some cost‐containment policies are thought to increase noncompliance. This paper examines mechanisms that can produce spurious reductions in drug utilization measures after drug policy changes when relying on pharmacy dispensing data. Reference pricing, a copayment for expensive medications above a fixed limit, for angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in older British Columbia residents, is used as a case example.


A large portion of desired future space missions require spacecraft having the ability to autonomously rendezvous and grapple one another. This thesis investigates the second portion of this task, namely the real-time path planning of a 7 degree of freedom robotic arm for the purpose of autonomously grappling satellites using a method based on Receding Horizon Control (RHC). RHC was chosen for the algorithm's ability to perform in real-time by calculating the path over a future time interval while traversing the previously calculated path. A successful grapple requires the dexterous arm to maneuver an end effector into the cylindrical hole provided by one of the four fixtures used to attach the satellite to the launch vehicle which placed it into orbit. This must be accomplished while maintaining constraints and limitations imposed by the robot arm kinematics and joint limitations and at the same time avoiding interference with other portions of the satellite such as the thruster nozzle. A 3-D Visualization Software Toolkit was developed for the simulation and validation of the path planner developed in this thesis. Using this software, a fully simulated experiment was developed in which the robot arm attempted to grapple each of the attachment fixtures from a total of 8,000 different random initial arm poses. The results showed goals were achieved in both planning of the path in real-time with average calculation times of the entire path less than 20 seconds and success in grappling the target satellite with without ever failing when grappling the nearest attachment fixture to the robot end effector for joint angles separately varying uniformly by ±30 degrees from nominal positions.


Cocoa placenta obtained after the removal of beans is a huge cocoa by-product usually regarded as waste by farmers. Cocoa placenta from three cocoa varieties: forastero, criollo and national were investigated to provide more comprehensive informations on aroma and phenolic compounds present in these cocoa placenta. For this, these 3 cocoa placenta widely produced in Côte d'Ivoire were oven-dried (50°C/3 days) after fermentation before analysis of phenolics and aromatics compounds. A total of 14 phenolic compounds were identified in all cocoa placenta samples with the highest amount observed in criollo (212.99 mg/g). Kaempferol pentosyldihexoside was found as the major phenolic substance in all the samples with an important amount in criollo (54.63 mg/g). According to the findings of compounds volatiles profile, a total of 48, 55 and 60 aroma constituents with variable groups including esters, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes, furans, acids, volatile phenols, hydrocarbons, and ketones were detected in criollo, forastero and national, respectively. The highest total amount was detected in national placenta (406.76 mg/kg). 2-hexanol (73.56 mg/kg), 3-Methyl-3-pentanol (19.96 mg/kg), Methoxy-1-butanol (11.75 mg/kg) was the prominent volatile substance in all cocoa placenta. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that cocoa placenta is a potential by-product that could be used in animal feed or human food formulation in order to be valued in the dietetic field.


A very sensitive method is described to measure the local rise in the temperature of a metal specimen during investigation in the electron microscope. The method is based on the known temperature dependence of the climb rate of Frank dislocation loops in materials with relatively high stacking fault energy. The climb rate of loops subject to the influence of the condensed electron beam is compared to the corresponding rate for loops in an area of the same specimen which is remote from the observation spot. From the difference in the logarithms of these rates the amount of local beam heating is determined. For a typical Al‐1.5 wt% Mg specimen under typical normal working conditions an average local rise in temperature of approximately 6°C was determined.


Cervix cancer continues to be a common malignancy in Indian women in the absence of routine cervix examination. Most cases come to light as referrals of advanced gynecologic complaints. It was proposed to look for micronuclei in bladder cells (as a non-invasive method) of such women subsequently diagnosed with cervix cancer. Urine samples of just diagnosed cancer patients (n=25; 21-80 yrs) and of controls (with other gynecological problems; n=25; 21-70 yrs) were processed for the micronucleus test using standard protocols.
Significantly elevated frequency of cells with micronuclei was observed in 72% of the patients as compared to that among controls (16.7%). Percent frequencies of micronucleated cells were highest in patients in stage III; in older patients; in those with younger ages-at-marriage; who had highest number of pregnancies; and were of low socio-economic status. The test in urothelial cells indicates damage in a tissue, which is not the site where cervix cancer develops. As it utilizes a non-invasive procedure of sampling, if validated it may find use in mass screening of cervix cancer.


1 Introduction.- 1.1 Specification and misspecification of the econometric model.- 1.2 The purpose and scope of this study.- 2 Preliminary Mathematics.- 2.1 Random variables, independence, Borel measurable functions and mathematical expectation.- 2.1.1 Measure theoretical foundation of probability theory.- 2.1.2 Independence.- 2.1.3 Borel measurable functions.- 2.1.4 Mathematical expectation.- 2.2 Convergence of random variables and distributions.- 2.2.1 Weak and strong convergence of random variables.- 2.2.2 Convergence of mathematical expectations.- 2.2.3 Convergence of distributions.- 2.2.4 Convergence of distributions and mathematical expectations.- 2.3 Uniform convergence of random functions.- 2.3.1 Random functions. Uniform strong and weak convergence.- 2.3.2 Uniform strong and weak laws of large numbers.- 2.4 Characteristic functions, stable distributions and a central limit theorem.- 2.5 Unimodal distributions.- 3 Nonlinear Regression Models.- 3.1 Nonlinear least-squares estimation.- 3.1.1 Model and estimator.- 3.1.2 Strong consistency.- 3.1.3 Asymptotic normality.- 3.1.4 Weak consistency and asymptotic normality under weaker conditions.- 3.1.5 Asymptotic properties if the error distribution has infinite variance. Symmetric stable error distributions.- 3.2 A class of nonlinear robust M-estimators.- 3.2.1 Introduction.- 3.2.2 Strong consistency.- 3.2.3 Asymptotic normality.- 3.2.4 Properties of the function h(?). Asymptotic efficiency and robustness.- 3.2.5 A uniformly consistent estimator of the function h(?).- 3.2.6 A two-stage robust M-estimator.- 3.2.7 Some weaker results.- 3.3 Weighted nonlinear robust M-estimation.- 3.3.1 Introduction.- 3.3.2 Strong consistency and asymptotic normality.- 3.3.3 A two-stage weighted robust M-estimator.- 3.4 Miscellaneous notes on robust M-estimation.- 3.4.1 Uniform consistency.- 3.4.2 The symmetric unimodality assumption.- 3.4.3 The function ?.- 3.4.4 How to decide to apply robust M-estimation.- 4 Nonlinear Structural Equations.- 4.1 Nonlinear two-stage least squares.- 4.1.1 Introduction.- 4.1.2 Strong consistency.- 4.1.3 Asymptotic normality.- 4.1.4 Weak consistency.- 4.2 Minimum information estimators: introduction.- 4.2.1 Lack of instruments.- 4.2.2 Identification without using instrumental variables.- 4.2.3 Consistent estimation without using instrumental variables.- 4.2.4 Asymptotic normality.- 4.2.5 A problem concerning the nonsingularity assumption.- 4.3 Minimum information estimators: instrumental variable and scaling parameter.- 4.3.1 An instrumental variable.- 4.3.2 An example.- 4.3.3 A scaling parameter and its impact on the asymptotic properties.- 4.3.4 Estimation of the asymptotic variance matrix.- 4.3.5 A two-stage estimator.- 4.3.6 Weak consistency.- 4.4 Miscellaneous notes on minimum information estimation.- 4.4.1 Remarks on the function $$S_{ - n}^* (\theta |\gamma )$$.- 4.4.2 A consistent initial value.- 4.4.3 An upperbound of the variance matrix.- 4.4.4 A note on the symmetry assumption.- 5 Nonlinear Models with Lagged Dependent Variables.- 5.1 Stochastic stability.- 5.1.1 Stochastically stable linear autoregressive processes.- 5.1.2 Multivariate stochastically stable processes.- 5.1.3 Other examples of stochastically stable processes.- 5.2 Limit theorem for stochastically stable processes.- 5.2.1 A uniform weak law of large numbers.- 5.2.2 Martingales.- 5.2.3 Central limit theorem for stochastically stable martingale differences.- 5.3 Dynamic nonlinear regression models and implicit structural equations.- 5.3.1 Dynamic nonlinear regression models.- 5.3.2 Dynamic nonlinear implicit structural equations.- 5.4 Remarks on the stochastic stability concept.- 6 Some Applications.- 6.1 Applications of robust M-estimation.- 6.1.1 Municipal expenditure.- 6.1.2 An autoregressive model of money demand.- 6.2 An application of minimum information estimation.- References.


Background: The evaluation of behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS) in ALS is important because its existence may serve as a prognostic factor and suggest a shared pathology with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in ALS. In this study, we sought to identify the prevalence of the BPS of ALS patients and evaluate its relationship with the clinical profiles and survival of ALS patients. Methods: One hundred sixty-six patients were enrolled in a cross-sectional cohort analysis from September 2008 to February 2012. All patients had sporadic ALS without a genetic mutation and were collected clinical profiles. The ttest and chi-square test were used to assess differences in the clinical characteristics and caregiver-administered neuropsychiatric inventory (CGA-NPI) scores. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used for the survival analysis. Results: Forty-two patients had clinically significant BPS (42/166, 25.3%). ALS patients with BPS had worse clinical dementia rating (CDR), ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score, and progression rate of disease than those without BPS. Among CGA-NPI subscales, depression, irritability, apathy, and agitation were higher prevalent than the others. There was a trend for ALS patients with BPS having short survival time than those without BPS in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = 0.006). However, in the Cox proportional hazard model, BPS in ALS patients were not associated with poor survival. Conclusions: These results support the presence of an overlapping spectrum between ALS and FTD and emphasize the importance of neuropsychiatric evaluations in ALS. Although the association between BPS and prognosis are not explained clearly, these results could be used to stratify ALS patients according to neuropsychiatric symptoms and help investigators to evaluate the BPS in ALS patients.


(1988). Independent public service broadcasting? The BBC, RTE and Northern Ireland. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 38-53.


The item response theory (IRT), or latent trace theory, is based on a set of mathematical models to complement the qualitative analysis of the items in a given questionnaire. This study analyzes the items of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) in the Portuguese version, applied to HIV+ patients, with R Studio 3.4.1, mirt statistical package, to find out if the items of the SpNQ possess appropriate psychometric qualities to discriminate between respondents as to the probability of marking one answer and not another, in the same item, showing whether or not the questionnaire is biased towards a pattern of response desired by the researcher. The parameters of discrimination, difficulty, information, and the characteristic curve of the items are evaluated. The reliable items to measure the constructs of each of the five dimensions of the SpNQ of this HIV+ sample (Religious Needs; Inner Peace and Family Support Needs; Existential Needs; Social Recognition Needs; and Time Domain Needs) are presented, as well as the most likely response categories, depending on the latent trace level of the individuals. The questionnaire items showed satisfactory discrimination and variability of difficulty, confirming the good psychometric quality of SpNQ.


While the unions have rejected plans to freeze incremental pay for nurses it would appear from Nursing Standard (news, January 19) that this has not stopped employers considering imposing this anyway. Compulsory redundancies are looking more and more likely and nurses in hospitals and the community have unmanageable workloads as no one is replaced. This means more unpaid overtime for nurses already run ragged.


The incidence of colorectal cancer increased yearly,and more than 50% patients had liver metastases.As continuous development of recognition and treatment of colorectal liver metastases,it now has been reckoned as a potentially curable disease,and its prognosis has been improved significantly.However,how to choose the reasonable treatment is a problem for us.The standardized treatment of colorectal liver metastases should include imaging examination,surgical treatment and multi-disciplinary treatment,and individualized treatment should be considered.In this article,the selection of proper imaging examination,comparison of different treatment methods,surgical treatment of liver metastases and multi-disciplinary treatment are discussed.

Key words:
Colorectal neoplasms;  Liver metastases; Standardized treatment


The emergence of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has given new hope and an unprecedented number of promising benefits to the transportation industry. However, these benefits are accompanied with inherent challenges that are due to the higher mobility of the vehicular nodes. One of the major problems faced is the induced Doppler Shift (DS) in the carrier frequency of the transceiver node. This paper attempts to decrypt the effect of the DS impact in a Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication based system. Mobile nodes moving at a relative speed of 25 to 250 km/h are considered. Using a fixed modulation code scheme, the degradation effect in term of Bit Error Rate (BER) is analysed under variable signal strength condition. Using the principle of Monte-Carlo, intense simulations are carried with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). The results obtained from simulations prompted the derivation of a mathematical model. Considering the BER threshold limit defined by the standard, multiple simulation results are optimized to develop the composite result called the DS signature. The final product is then presented as the mathematical model of the DS signature accounting for all channel realisations when the MCS BPSK rate 3/4 is used in a Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET).


AbstractThe primary objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of the two-source variational data assimilation (TVDA) system for partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) into soil evaporation (ETS) and canopy transpiration (ETC). Its secondary aim is to compare performance of the TVDA system with the commonly used two-source surface energy balance (TSEB) method. A combination of eddy-covariance-based ET observations and stable-isotope-based measurements of the ratio of evaporation and transpiration to total evapotranspiration (ETS/ET and ETC/ET) over an irrigated cropland site (the so-called Daman site) in the middle reach of the Heihe River basin (northwestern China) was used to investigate these objectives. The results indicate that the TVDA method predicts ETS and ETC more accurately than TSEB. Root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of midday (1300–1500 LT) averaged soil and canopy latent heat flux (LES and LEC) estimates from TVDA are 23.1 and 133.0 W m−2, respectively. Corresponding RMSE values from TSEB...


A MoC with push and pull processing 2 A MoC with push and pull processing 3 Abstract This report studies a model of computation (MoC) that supports Push-Pull communication between software components. Push represents message transfer that is initiated by the producer. On the contrast, Pull represents message transfer that is initiated by the consumer. Push-Pull messaging mechanisms have been used in various domains, such as the CORBA Event service, the Click modular router, inter-process communication among multi-processors, data dissemination in a peer to peer network. Formalizing the computation and communication in these domains to a MoC facilitates reusability of programming models and software architectures, and allows user to model and analyze more complex systems. This model of computation has been implemented as the Component Interaction (CI) domain in Ptolemy II, a hierarchical and heterogeneous modeling environment. Composition of the CI domain with other domains in Ptolemy II is discussed. This report also connects CI to other data-flow models of computation, such as Process Networks (PN), Synchronous Data Flow (SDF) and Dynamic Data Flow (DDF), and discusses the uses of CI in the execution of distributed systems.


The ore sintering is an important part in ironmaking process.The quality of sintering ore has a direct effect on the condition of blast furnace and pig iron.And the key factor that has an effect on sintering ore is burn point temperature and ventilating index.BP neural network model between sintering process parameters and ventilating index is established.


Mode locking is achieved in a 2 μm monolithic GaSb-based laser. The repetition frequency of the laser, as a function of temperature and injection current, is investigated. The reasons for the frequency tuning are discussed. OCIS codes: (140.5960) Semiconductor lasers; (140.4050) Mode-locked lasers


CALL has been a widely accepted as a language learning approach. The exploration about its impact and efficacy is ever since it came into its existence. Most of the studies on CALL are related to various research areas of CALL, such as measuring the effectiveness of different methods of instruction, comparison of the achievement of CALL and non CALL users, effects of various forms of computer delivered instruction as compared with the effects of traditional instruction, learners' variability and developed programmed learning by using CALL application. Although the major researches were from attitudinal studies yet they were confined to measure the extent and degree of attitude of teachers and learners towards it. To study the relatedness of attitude and raised proficiency level is a unique dimension to the CALL research areas. The study aims to bring out the fact that is there any relatedness between one's attitude towards CALL and benefit received through it. This study is a part of large scale study carried out to measure the impact of CALL in terms of benefit earned and improved learning experience. This is two tier study on one level the students attitude toward CALL was taken and further the attitude were matched with their benefits earned through it in a due course of time. It was both a qualitative and quantitative study.


Objective To assess the characteristics of neuronal activity in human motor cortex after the seventh cervical nerve root transposition of the unaffected side by using functional MRI(fMRI). Methods Thirteen patients who accepted the seventh cervical nerve root transposition of the unaffected side, due to total brachial plexus traction injury diagnosed by manifestation and operation, were examined retrospectively by using fMRI. 10 patients were injured on the left side and 3 on the right side. According to functional recovery of the affected hand, all subjects can be divided into 2 groups. The patients of the first group could not move the affected hand voluntarily. The patients of the second group could move the affected hand self-determined. 12 healthy volunteers were also involved in this study as control. The fMRI examinations were performed by using echo-planer BOLD sequence. Then the SPM 99 software was used for post-processing. Results The neuronal activation induced by the movement of both unaffected and affected upper limb was seen in the contralateral PMC in all patients; Neuronal activation in the ipsilateral PMC evoked by movement of the unaffected extremity was seen in 10 cases, and induced by movement of the affected limb was seen in 7 cases. In the first group, the sharp of clusters in the contralateral PMC resulted by movement of the unaffected extremity showed normal in 9 cases, the average size of clusters resulted by the unafected hand was 3159 (voxel), and resulted by the unafected shoulder was 1746(voxel). The sharp of clusters in the contralateral PMC resulted by the affected shoulder or hand were revealed enlargement in 6 cases of each. In the second group, 1 case showed neuronal activation induced by movement of the affected limb in the PMC in both sides of motor cortex, and 2 cases showed neuronal activation in the contralateral PMC. Conclusions Peripheral nerve injury was able to cause changes of motor cortex in human brain. Cortical area devoted to the affected extremity seems to persist for a long time with response to mental representation of movement. The functional reorganization of central nerve system may be present in several levels of the central nerve system and may be affected by multiple factors.


A spectrum of renal pathology is observed during pregnancy, so our main objective was to study the gross pathology and microscopy of the kidney in cases of maternal death, and to establish a clinico-pathological correlation. This was a crosssectional study of all medical autopsies performed on deaths related to pregnancy at our tertiary care hospital over a period of 7 years. In 166 autopsies, pathology was observed in 42 cases, and the kidneys were unremarkable in 124 cases. The most common renal pathology observed was acute tubular necrosis (22 cases), followed by acute pyelonephritis (7 cases), disseminated intravascular coagulation with fibrin thrombi (7 cases), diabetic nephropathy (3 cases), sickle cell anemia (1 case), tuberculosis kidney (1 case), and thrombotic microangiopathy (1 case). Renal pathology was observed in 25.3% of autopsies performed on maternal death, which contributed to a significant number of maternal mortalities and morbidities. The incidence of acute renal failure was 14.28% in our study. Apart from obstetric complications (e.g. antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertension), infections (e.g. pyelonephritis) were associated with septicemia, deranged renal function tests, and acute renal failure.


By using q2-ary cyclotomic cosets, we construct new asymmetric quantum codes with parameters [[q2+1, q2+1-2(k+i-2), (2k+3)/(2i+3)]]q2, where k and i are positive integers, and . The constructed asymmetric quantum codes are not covered by the codes available in the literature. Moreover, the constructed asymmetric quantum codes are optimal.


BACKGROUND
Little work has been published on short-term inpatient treatments combining the virtues of inpatient treatments and short-term psychotherapy. The purposes of this study are to (a) determine the outcomes of short-term psychodynamic inpatient psychotherapy from patients' and therapists' perspectives, (b) assess the stability of changes, and (c) identify predictors of long-term outcome.

METHODS
83 consecutive inpatients (76% of those eligible) were assessed at intake, discharge, and 1 year follow-up by standardized questionnaires regarding symptoms (SCL-90R), interpersonal problems (IIP), object relationships (IPO), and the therapeutic relationship (HAQ). Diagnoses and functioning (GAF) were assessed by the therapists.

RESULTS
Psychological distress (effect size S = 1.14) and physical complaints (ES = 1.03) decreased strongly from intake to discharge, the majority of patients moving from the pathological to the normal range of the global severity index GSI (SCL-90R). At follow-up, average distress remained at a low level, and the majority of patients, and their therapists and physicians, regarded their well-being as improved. In a multivariate approach, a substantial proportion of variance of the distress at follow-up (42%) was explained by an infantile object relationship pattern (IPO), social avoidance (IIP), negative vocational changes, and a lack of a confidant at follow-up. A delayed start of subsequent ambulatory psychotherapy was another negative outcome predictor.

CONCLUSIONS
Attention should be given to maladaptive interpersonal relationship patterns, to vocational reintegration, and a confiding relationship as potential predictors of long-term outcome. Also, patterns of ambulatory after-care following inpatient treatment need further scrutiny.


This report investigates the effects of displaying trust information on mobile application usage. As trust helps users overcome perceptions of uncertainty and risk and engages in usage, visualizing trust information could leverage usage behavior and decision. In the work presented here, we used experimental toolkits and interviews to explore the effects of trust information's visualization on mobile application usage in Finland and China with different culture background. In Experiment 1, we studied users' opinion on various mobile applications' importance and usage risk. In Experiment 2, a trust indicator's effect on the mobile application's usage was evaluated by separate groups of participants based on the applications with different importance selected in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, a trust/reputation indicator's effect on the mobile application's usage was examined by different groups of participants based on the same selected applications. Although the results achieved in the two countries showed some differences, both indicated that displaying an application's reputation value and/or a user's individual trust value could assist in mobile application usage.


The invention relates to a preparation method of 4-hydroxyindole, belonging to fine chemistry technical field, which processes catalysis dehydrogenation on 4-oxo-1, 5, 6, 7-tetralin hydroxyindole in catalyst and alcohol ether solvent, and distills the product to obtain product 4-hydroxyindole. The invention is characterized in utilized catalysis dehydrogenation, with low production cost, little environment pollution, high product quality, high yield, strong competence in market and industry application suitability.


You know, or should know, what a great pleasure it is for me to be with you today. To be chosen by colleagues to be chairman of the Section on Dermatology of the American Medical Association is a high honor and one that is appreciated most deeply. With the chairmanship go the honors; it should be emphasized, however, that the secretary, J. Fred Mullins, MD, with his capable assistant secretary E. Richard Harrell, MD, actually does all of the work. My only task is to address you, my friends and fellow dermatologists, and at first glance this would appear to be a simple procedure or task. Choosing a subject, however, that would be of interest to most, and of help to all, is not easy and is a task to which I have devoted some hours of thinking. I am not a philosopher, my research days are behind me, and


This is a summary of a study conducted by Ohio University researchers Jerry D. Johnson, Craig B. Howley, and Aimee A. Howley. This summary is a publication of the Rural School and Community Trust and the views and interpretations provided are those of the Rural School and Community Trust, and not necessarily those of the study authors. The full study can be retrieved through the ERIC Clearinghouse or it can be accessed at the web site of the Rural School and Community Trust.


The results of researches hydroand thermodynamics of process extracting optical fiber are given. Methods of mathematical modeling of all the process, starting from dissolving melts in the furnace up to generation the fiber are developed, taking into account compressibility of air, heat transfer through the instrumentality of convection and heat conductivity, visco-plastic flow of the melts, geometrical and physical features of the furnace. The process of extracting an optical fiber has never been modeled before in such a full formulation. Based on the results of numeral experiments specific suggestions directed to improvement of the flow stability are given. These suggestions are related to upgrading the extraction plant.


Liquorice consists of dried, unpeeled, roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn., traditionally used as an expectorant, demulcent, antispasmodic, flavoring agent and also used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis inflammation and addision's disease. It has reported for the presence of wide variety of simple and complex primary and secondary phytoconstituents. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the drug likeness properties and pharmacokinetic profile of selected phytoconstituents from Liquorice using computer and server based technology.  We have selected Liqhiritin, Isoliqiritin, Shinflavanone, Licopyranocoumarin, Methoxyficifolinol, Licoriphenon, Isoliquiritigenin, Ligquritigenin, Prenyllicoflavone A, and Glisoflavone. PubChem database server is used for the find out the canonical smiles. Molsoft server is used for the drug likeness and molecular property prediction. The using the admetSAR server was used for the determination of pharmacokinetic profile along with some toxicity investigations. The results of investigation yield the drug likeness score of selected phytoconstituents along with its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profile along with some toxicity behaviors of selected phytoconstituents. The present investigation concludes that computer and server based screening play important role for identification of drug like candidates from Liquorice and also data obtained from admetSAR is valuable for research on Liquorice.


Objective: To determine the development and acetabular index values in healthy children from 4 months to 5 years old according to age, sex and hip side. Material and methods: The acetabular angle was measured on 161 plain pelvic radiographs. The average acetabular index, the standard deviation and the Pearson correlation coefficient were obtained. Results: The main acetabular index was 26.61 ° between 4-8 months, 23.41 ° between 8-12 months, 21.01 ° between 1-2 years and 14.25 ° between 3-5 years. Likewise, the female sex and the left side had a higher average value. Pearson's correlation coefficient was -0.9 showing an inverse correlation between acetabular index and age. Conclusions: The evolution of the acetabular indexes showed a descending pattern regarding to age and the same patttern is shown for sex and hip side.


Man Killer Ostenaco's leadership in recruitment, diplomacy, and military campaigns along the Tug Fork, the South Branch of the Potomac River, and the Ohio River tie him directly to West Virginia's history approximately one hundred years prior to its statehood. His role in the French and Indian War testifies to one facet of the Cherokee people's long ties to the land we now call the Mountain State. The Cherokees' personal sacrifices, woods lore, physical stamina, tactical knowledge, and diplomatic skills played pivotal roles in the eventual British victory over the French in North America. Ostenaco's commitment to his family, his allies, and his English king during the war surely earns this veteran similar honors given his more famous Virginian brothers-in-arms, Andrew Lewis, William Byrd III, and George Washington. 4 WOOD / "I HAVE NOW MADE A PATH TO VIRGINIA"


Summary Allium roseum L. is a species with a typically mediterranean distribution and prevalently present in the centre—south of Italy. It belongs to the sect. Molium G. DON ex KOCH and shows different intraspecific taxa described by various authors. Numerous populations, not only Italian, were studied from the karyological point of view using the root tips. Morphological observations were done using the SEM for the leaves and the seeds. Finally multivariate analysis was carried out. On the basis of these studies, the authors cannot recognize varietal ranks in A. roseum but only a probable complex of cytotypes.


According to our own observations, literature data and herbarium data, we compiled a list of rare plant species of Zavodska hromada (Myrhorod district, Poltava region, Ukraine) including the information on the findings of them. We have posted plant observations on iNaturalist: https://www.inaturalist.org/people/igor_olshanskyi. There are two species that are included in Annex I of the Bern Convention [according to the oflcial translation into Ukrainian: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_032#Text] (Jurinea cyanoides and Salvinia natans), five species that are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009) (Anacamptis palustris, Astragalus dasyanthus, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Gladiolus tenuis and Salvinia natans) and eight species are rare in Poltava region (Amygdalus nana, Convallaria majalis, Inula helenium, Nymphaea alba, Sanguisorba officinalis, Utricularia vulgaris, Valeriana officinalis, Vinca minor). On the territory of Zavodska hromada, rare plant species are more common in rivers, meadows and swamps in the floodplains of the rivers Sula, Artopolot and Bodakva. Also, they grow on steppe slopes and in forests.


Objectives: Second ACL injuries (defined as a graft rupture or contralateral ACL rupture) are common after ACL reconstruction. It is postulated that this observation could reflect a premature attempt to return to sports (RTS) and that delaying RTS until certain quality indicators or rehabilitation milestones are met could reduce the risk. There is consequently considerable interest in the application of RTS criteria. Multiple authors have reported that patients who passed a battery of tests prior to RTS, had a lower risk of re-injury and an increased rate of return to sport. However, factors influencing RTS scores have not been well studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the key factors that influence RTS test scores. Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction between March 2016 and May 2017, who also had a documented RTS evaluation with K-STARTS, (a validated, composite psychological and functional RTS test battery (Fig 1)) at 6 months following surgery, was undertaken. All patients underwent the same standardized rehabilitation program (Table 1) but in addition to this they were offered the opportunity to participate in a separate individualized RTS program (Table 2). If patients chose to participate in the RTS program, this would occur in addition to the standard program and not instead of it. The first session would typically occur 3 months post-operatively and comprised of ten sessions that took place over a 12-week period. Demographic data and characteristics including the frequency of pre-injury sports participation, Tegner score, time from injury to surgery, graft type, the presence of meniscal lesions, whether a lateral tenodesis was performed, and whether patients participated in the specific RTS program in addition to physiotherapy were recorded. To identify factors influencing the K-STARTS score at six months postoperatively, an analysis of variances was performed. When a significant effect was found, post hoc comparisons were made using Tukey's HSD tests with Bonferroni's correction. Results: 676 patients were included in the study. Outcomes of the analysis of the influence of factors on the K-STARTS score is comprehensively presented in Table 3. The K-STARTS score was significantly higher in males than females (13.9 vs 12.4, p<0.001), in younger patients (those aged less than 30 vs older patients, 14.2 vs 12, p<0.001), ACL reconstructions performed with hamstring tendon autografts compared to bone-patellar tendon-bone (13.5 vs 13.1, p=0.03) and in those who completed a specific RTS program in addition to standard rehabilitation, compared to those who did not participate (17.1 vs 13.1, p<0.001). However, the only factor that significantly influenced the K-STARTS score beyond the minimal detectable change threshold (previously determined to be 3.3 points) was the completion of the additional RTS program. The pre-injury frequency of sports participation, whether the dominant limb was injured, time from injury to surgery, the presence of associated meniscal injuries and whether a lateral tenodesis was performed, did not significantly influence the K-STARTS score. Conclusions: Completion of a specific return to sports program, in addition to standard rehabilitation, was the most important factor influencing the K-STARTS composite functional and psychological return to sports test score at 6 months after ACL reconstruction.


26 OD PRACTITIONER | VOL. 35 | NO. 3 | 2003 I FURROW MY BROW in reaction to a suggestion. I don't know why, but as I explore that simple facial expression, I slow down to understand what it means. "Hmm. A furrowed brow? I'm not open, or maybe I'm troubled, or concerned. But about what?" Soon I have the answer and can articulate my concerns. Two people sit facing away from each other, minimizing their interaction. As they turn their chairs 20 degrees more towards each other, they suddenly experience a relationship that they weren't in before. Now they can see each other. The simple request by the facilitator sets the stage for possible conflict resolution. In a whole group movement exercise each person has privately chosen two others with whom they must remain equidistant. Even though no one knows who is trying to remain equidistant from whom, participants move in response to one another as they try to keep their "system" in equilibrium. They see that all respond when one person moves. This group was planning significant change to their organization. With this exercise, they saw how any significant change in one area would necessarily entail changes in other parts of the organization. They were then more prepared to discuss and engage systemic change, often referencing the full group movement practice. In each case, the body is the avenue for learning, whether about self, interpersonal dynamics, or whole group operations. Think about a time that you knew something in your gut before you had words for, or even conscious awareness of, the knowing. Often the body knows before the mind has words, which suggests additional possible interventions and learning modalities that incorporates the physical realm more fully in OD. Most of the literature I'm aware of discusses learning with the body primarily as a tool for individual development and health. We are admonished to exercise regularly. The benefits of a physical discipline are usually described in terms of individual robustness. Exercise is promoted as a shield against the vicissitudes of organizational life. Reflections on Learning through the Body in OD


Limitations on optical pre-amplifier performance in presence of crosstalk are due to the combination phase-noise induced intensity noise and crosstalk-spontaneous beat noise during zeros and not phase-noise induced intensity noise on ones.


The research aims to validation an augmented reality portal learning media to increase learning motivation and students' concept understanding, with ADDIE development models (analysis, design, develop, implement, evaluate). Data gathering techniques by observation, interview, questionnaire, and test. Instruments used in data collection of media validation, motivational questionnaire, and concept comprehension tests. The data analysis techniques used are validation for media analysis and n-gain tests to calculate increased motivation for learning and concept understanding. Research shows that Media fulfill valid criteria with the percentage value of materials at 85%, media expert at 96.875%, eligibility at 93.585%.


extensive section on the development of coopering and turning and woodworking tools. Chapter 5 starts with an interesting discussion (with useful illustrations) of the carving of one-piece artefacts and the utilization of natural forms. Some of the photographs of unfinished objects are very informative for the student of early wood-working techniques. The development of two-piece containers (mostly tubs) is also covered, with some interesting observations on a small experiment carried out on butter buried, in a tub, in a bog. There is also considerable detail about methods of sewing bentwood and bark to make containers, which I have not seen elsewhere. The chapters on cooperage and turning are both detailed, and yet fairly simple, and might be useful for the student as both subjects tend to be shrouded in mystery, and often appear incomprehensible to the layman. The final three chapters are short and return to the general, rather than the specific: 'Organisation and production', 'Cultural influences on style and decoration' and 'Progression, regression and archaism'. One of the problems with these chapters is pointed out by the author herself, and that is the la-k of extensive or consistent data. Various areas are covered, one or two useful points are made about species selection, and there is a short discussion of the evidence for 'mass-production'. Personally, I would have liked to have seen more discussion and illustration of a few topics, particularly things like skeuoniorphism and species selection, and perhaps less skimming over so many diverse subjects. The bibliography is extensive and useful and, together with the catalogue will make a good starting point for students. The volume is quite well produced and illustrated, but the figures are not referred to in the text. This is particularly irritating in a number of instances where the illustration is overleaf from the text. For example, the wooden sword from The Breiddin is referred to on p. 32 but illustrated on p. 34, and the wooden polypods from Corragole are discussed in detail on p. 39 but illustrated above the text on round-based bowls, overleaf, on p. 40. Despite the occasional gripe, I am glad to see this volume, as its usefulness outweighs the nit-picking. The book is obviously the result of a lot of hard work. The extensive bibliography and detailed catalogue of artefacts will be very valuable. In particular it is so useful to have one, reasonably well-illustrated, volume for reference, and one which will also make a straightforward starting point for students who are interested in woodworking. Perhaps one of the most important effects of this book will be for non-specialist field workers who can now, with relative ease, explore the range of material that has been found. Some of this material has either never been illustrated before or has been reproduced in rather inaccessible publications. This might, one hopes, lead to more objects being recognized in the field and then being retrieved in good condition. MAISIE TAYLOR Fenland Archaeological Trust


Cost-Sharing—meaning the shift of a portion of the costs of higher education (including the costs of student living) that may once have been borne predominantly or even exclusively by governments, or taxpayers, to parents and students—has been deeply contested, but found to be financially necessary (and according to many analysts more equitable) in more and more countries, including in Sub-Saharan Africa. Student loans have been part of this process, allowing students the opportunity to invest in their own further educations, placing needed revenue in the hands of students supposedly at less cost to taxpayers than outright grants (presuming loan recovery), and providing colleges and universities (again presuming loan recovery) with revenue that would not be forthcoming from governments. However, African student loan programs have been largely unsuccessful at providing significant net revenue supplementation: that is, after covering the cost of capital as well as the costs of originating, servicing, and collecting plus covering the substantial costs of defaults. This essay analyzes some of these problems and suggests some principles for making student loans work better in Africa. Le partage des couts – c'est-a-dire le transfert aux parents et etudiants d'une partie du cout de l'enseignement superieur (y compris le cout de la vie), qui etait auparavant pris en charge majoritairement ou meme exclusivement par le gouvernement, ou plutot les contribuables– a ete fortement conteste mais est devenu necessaire (et selon de nombreux analystes est plus equitable) dans un nombre croissant de pays, notamment en Afrique sub-saharienne. Les prets etudiants font partie integrante de ce processus, donnant aux etudiants l'opportunite d'investir dans leur propre education, en mettant les revenus necessaires entre les mains des etudiants, en principe a moindre cout pour le contribuable que les bourses (en presumant le remboursement du pret), et fournissant aux etablissements d'enseignement superieur (toujours en presumant le remboursement du pret) des revenus qui ne proviennent pas des gouvernements. Cependant, les programmes de prets etudiants en Afrique ont largement echoue a fournir d'importants revenus complementaires, une fois couverts le cout du capital ainsi que les frais de dossier, de service, de collection, et le cout considerable des defauts de paiement. Cet essai analyse certains de ces problemes et propose quelques principes pour que les prets etudiants fonctionnent mieux en Afrique.


User satisfaction has been paid much attention to in recent Web search evaluation studies and regarded as the ground truth for designing better evaluation metrics. However, most existing studies are focused on the relationship between satisfaction and evaluation metrics at query-level. However, while search request becomes more and more complex, there are many scenarios in which multiple queries and multi-round search interactions are needed (e.g. exploratory search). In those cases, the relationship between session-level search satisfaction and session search evaluation metrics remain uninvestigated. In this paper, we analyze how users' perceptions of satisfaction accord with a series of session-level evaluation metrics. We conduct a laboratory study in which users are required to finish some complex search tasks and provide usefulness judgments of documents as well as session-level and query level satisfaction feedbacks. We test a number of popular session search evaluation metrics as well as different weighting functions. Experiment results show that query-level satisfaction is mainly decided by the clicked document that they think the most useful (maximum effect). While session-level satisfaction is highly correlated with the most recently issued queries (recency effect). We further propose a number of criteria for designing better session search evaluation metrics.


•  Light is the strongest time cue for entrainment and phase resetting of the circadian clock. •  In humans, exposure to long‐duration light (6.5 h) in the late evening/early night causes phase delays, suppresses melatonin and increases alertness. •  Here we studied the effects of different durations of exposure to a single high‐intensity (∼10,000 lux) light pulse (0.2 h, 1 h, 2.5 h and 4.0 h) on phase shifting, suppression of melatonin and self‐reported sleepiness in young men and women. •  Phase‐resetting and melatonin‐suppression responses were dose dependent and non‐linear; shorter light exposures more efficiently phase‐shift the clock, suppress melatonin and induce alertness.


Abstract A simple model of amorphisation of metallic layers by high dose metallaid ion implantation is derived. It is assumed that covalent bonds are necessary to stabilise the amorphous state. Therefore, only a small fraction of the region damaged by an implanted metalloid ion may remain amorphised. This gives rise to higher amorphisation doses for ion implantation in metals than in semiconductors. Thermal relaxation during implantation and subsequent annealing is considered. Based on this model it is possible to understand the influence of the implanted ion dose on the recrystallisation temperature. For boron implantation in iron the amorphised volume per ion and the activation energy of the recrystallisation process are calculated. It is suggested that amorphous Fe1-xBx alloys produced by rapid quenching or ion implantation are very similar for boron concentrations higher than x=0.18.


To provide new evidences for the classification and medicinal identification of Curcuma L.31(OTU) kinds of Curcuma L.were studied in this paper.47 taxonomy characters were decomposed to 28 qualitative index and 19 quantitative index,and the qualitative characters were further decomposed to two-state characters and three-state characters,then treated by rough-set theory and clustered,respectively.The results of cluster analysis were divided into qualitative index synthesis taxonomy by intersection taxonomy.19 quantitative characters were treated by rough-set theory and cluster analysis,and the results were classified into 20 kinds of character synthesis taxonomy by intersection taxonomy,then synthesized into 10 major kinds.The results were compared with principal 47 taxonomy characters by component and cluster analysis for made by Xiao xiao-he.The study showed that it was reasonable and accurate to decompose taxonomy character,and combining rough-set theory with cluster analysis was significant.


The main task of a robot is to search a collision free path in order to reach the target specified. The main problem in robot navigation is localization i.e. the robot should know its present location. Here in this algorithm the localization problem is solved by using graphical method. This algorithm can be included in Bug Algorithm family. Dynamic point bug algorithm has been implemented for robot navigation system in NI-sbRIO 9631. This proposed work provides solution to identify the present location of the robot while moving towards target based on coordinates estimation.


In a note by Baker [1], a method is given for getting the limiting connectivity matrix, <italic>B</italic>, of a matrix whose entries are Boolean 0's and 1's. Harary [2] suggests determining <italic>A</italic><supscrpt><italic>n</italic>-1</supscrpt> since <italic>A</italic><supscrpt><italic>n</italic>-1</supscrpt> = <italic>A<supscrpt>n</supscrpt></italic> = ··· , where <italic>n</italic> is the order of the matrix. The purpose of this note is to give a method for determining <italic>A</italic><supscrpt><italic>n</italic>-1</supscrpt>. The method is also applicable to finding the output matrix of a switching network as described in [3] and [4] where again <italic>A</italic><supscrpt><italic>n</italic>-1</supscrpt> = <italic>A<supscrpt>n</supscrpt></italic> = ··· , but <italic>A</italic> now has Boolean switching functions as entries instead of 0's and 1's.


This study examined whether the perceived environmental performance (PEP) of a company influenced
consumers' purchase intentions, and whether this was moderated by consumers' degree of environmental
involvement (EI) and by differences in product price. Surveys were posted to a random sample of
residents in an Australian capital city. Responses (N=698) showed that participants reported higher
purchase intentions for products from high versus low PEP companies. Participants' EI and product
price were found to moderate this relationship. Those with high EI reported greater purchase intention
for high PEP companies and the reverse for low PEP companies. A greater difference was also found in
purchase intention between high and low PEP companies when price was low than when price was high.


Biological aging is associated with a progressive loss of regulation of cellular, tissue and organ interaction, ultimately resulting in senescence. In humans, accelerated marrow adipogenesis has been associated with aging and several chronic conditions, including diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Studies of the hemopoietic system using nonhuman primates have provided important information for understanding the mechanism of human hemopoiesis. Excellent reconstitution of donor hemopoietic cells in a collagen gel group has been observed in the long term in mice. We therefore investigated whether the method would be helpful for reconstituting hemopoiesis in the fatty tibias of monkeys. Nine- to 11-year-old monkeys were used for this study to examine if hemopoiesis could be restored in the fatty marrow of old monkeys. Bone marrow cells were collected from the humerus using the perfusion method, mixed with cultured bone marrow stroma cells in collagen gel, and then injected into the tibia of the same monkey. Clot sections were made from the tibias 1, 2 and 6 weeks after the bone marrow transplantation. However, no bone marrow cells were observed at any of the time points. These results suggested that adipocytes negatively regulate bone marrow reconstitution. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The protective device electric vehicle against theft, consisting of two relays / 1,2 /, two diodes / 5.6 / switch / 3 / and LED / 4 /, wherein the transmitter / 1 / on the one hand is connected to the mechanism Boot / 7 / of the vehicle, the second end of the active coil and the earthing contact of the relay / 2 / and a switch / 3 /, wherein the second relay coil 1 2 I is powered by the LED / 5 / of the ignition lock and the switch / 6 / of the vehicle door, the relay 1 is used for start-up mechanism connects the vehicle with a starter after unlocking the device by using the switch.


A combination of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and microarray expression profiling was used to identify five novel candidate genes for regulating hematopoietic stem cell aging in two strains of inbred mice, C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2 (D2). Despite their ability to self-renew and maintain essentially normal levels of hematopoietic function throughout the lifetime of an organism, it has become increasingly evident that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are subject to qualitative and quantitative changes over time, and that these changes may affect both the rate of aging and longevity of organisms. In mice, the effect of aging on stem cells is highly strain-specific, thus suggesting that genetic regulation plays a role in HSC aging. Our lab has identified a QTL on murine chromosome 2 that is associated with the variation in frequency of HSCs between aged B6 and D2 mice. In B6 mice, the frequency of HSCs increases with age, whereas in D2 mice the population of HSCs decreases as the animals age. Using a congenic mouse model in which the region surrounding the QTL in D2 mice was introgressed onto a B6 background, genome wide gene expression analyses were performed using sorted lineage negative hematopoietic cells, which are enriched for primitive stem and progenitor hematopoietic cells. RNA isolated from lineage negative cells from chromosome 2 congenic and B6 background mice at young and old ages was reverse transcribed, labeled, and hybridized to Affymetrix Murine Genome 430 arrays. Using an overall p-value cut-off of ≤ 0.01, a total of 4,368 transcripts were differentially expressed between background and congenic mice, out of 39,000 transcripts present on the mouse genome chip. Following a 'QTL to Gene' strategy, we identified 123 differentially expressed transcripts located in the congenic interval on chromosome 2. We then assessed for hematopoietic tissue specific expression patterns, the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transcripts, and cis-regulation of transcript expression. Five genes were identified that met these criteria, and thus are considered candidate regulators of hematopoietic stem cell aging. We used real time PCR to validate differential expression of a subset of the identified genes. Interestingly, a majority of the genes are associated with cell cycle control and/or protein targeting and transport processes. Additionally, all five cis-regulated genes were found to be down-regulated in aged congenic mice compared to aged B6 mice, thus suggesting coordinated regulation by a common promoter region(s) located within the chromosome 2 QTL. These findings suggest that stem cell aging is associated with specifc intrinsic cellular events and provide insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying hematopoietic stem cell aging.


Abstract Local crystalline changes during transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of hydroxyapatite (OHAp) compounds have been revealed by combining electron diffraction analysis and the Moire fringe method. The latter is a sensitive tool for the detection of small crystal variations induced by beam irradiation damage in the OHAp structure. TEM observations suggest that a hexagonal ( P 6 3 / m ) to monoclinic (with b = 2 a ) transformation could occur as a possible result of beam-induced stoichiometry changes. Such order-disorder transformations seem to be related to very small local crystal lattice rotations as deduced by the changing of the Moire patterns period under the electron beam.


OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate that conservative management of intraperitoneal bladder rupture is a safe option.

METHOD
We report two cases of intraperitoneal bladder rupture, one spontaneous and another after urological manipulation. A 28-year-old man with acute abdomen after a heavy alcohol intake, and an 83-year-old woman with abdominal distention after a transurethral resection of the bladder.

RESULT
Both cases were treated with intraperitoneal fluid evacuation and maintenance of urinary catheter without incidents.

CONCLUSIONS
Conservative management with drainage of ascites in combination with a radiological studies and optimal antibiotic treatment can prevent more invasive maneuvers such as exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy.


Objective: Tumescent injections are used for regional anesthesia, lipoplasty, and antibiotic delivery amonst others. We evaluate the potential of 3D scanning to monitor the extent and dispersal of tumescent injections and compare it to a method based on CT. We use the scanning technique to determine whether massage and/or transcutaneous ultrasound accelerates the dispersal of the tumescent fluid. Methods: 10–20 mL tumescent injections into live pig subcutaneous tissue were monitored with 3D scanning or CT and their response to waiting, massaging, or applying therapeutic ultrasound at 1 MHz and 3 W cm−2 was quantified. In a separate experiment, antibiotic was added to the tumescent fluid and serial blood samples were taken to monitor serum antibiotic concentrations. Massage or ultrasound was applied to generate a change in serum levels. Results: Massage significantly accelerates dispersal when compared to waiting (p < 0.05). Simultaneous application of ultrasound does not accelerate dispersal further. No change in serum antibiotic levels could be detected in response to massage or ultrasound. Conclusion: 3D scanning is an effective and inexpensive method of monitoring tumescent injections through the swollen skin profile. Although 3D scans do not capture the subcutaneous information revealed by CT, they do not require radiation or dedicated facilities.


Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used in many fields. The bio-distribution and toxicology of different sizes (25 nm and 50 nm) of TiO2-NPs in vivo is evaluated in this paper. The results of quantitative distribution in vivo show that it is difficult for TiO2-NPs to excretion clearly from tissues and organs. At the endpoint of experiment of different groups, there are still many TiO2-NPs located in the main organs such as spleen, liver and lung after 120 days. Blood biochemical parameters keep unchanged compared with control group. However, pathological results show that lesions in spleen, liver and lung where TiO2-NPs particles are mainly accumulated and retained are getting serious with the time prolonging. The results indicate that TiO2-NPs are low toxic to mice but may have some potential effects on liver and kidney functions after exposure long time. The fundamental importance information gained from such a study will give the guidance on the application of TiO2-NPs.


The invention discloses an inorganic zinc-rich paint and a preparation method thereof. The paint comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zinc powder 75 to 80, sodium/potassium silicate 5-8, potassium/sodium methyl silicate 2-3 and the balance of water. The inorganic zinc-rich paint has excellent anticorrosion performance. A 2-millimeter-thick No.10 carbon steel cold-rolled sheet which is subjected to two-side sand blast is cut in a 500mm*500mm size after degreasing to serve as a test sheet. A small hole L is drilled at the vertex angle of the test sheet to serve as a hanging point, and the two sides of the test sheet are painted. The performance of the paint is tested one day later. The test indicates that about 4 millimeters of the edge of the test sheet can be corroded after the test sheet is soaked in boiling 5 percent NaNO3 aqueous solution for 30 days.


The review presents an analysis of modern studies of the synthesis and use of fire retardants of various nature. The cited literature data show that the restrictive requirements of international and Russian legislative acts restrain the use of halogen-containing flame retardants, which determined the direction of research development towards organic compounds of phosphorus and nitrogen. The use of halogen-containing fire retardants has become possible when they are used together with inorganic fillers capable of binding toxic low-molecular products formed during combustion and pyrolysis.


Photonic crystal, which is an attractive optical structure for controlling and manipulating the flow of light, has been widely used to design mechanical sensors in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). In this work, a novel two dimensional nano-scaled force sensor based on silicon photonic crystal, in which a nanocavity is embedded in an L-shaped microcantilever, is developed and studied numerically. The relationship between the force and the output wavelength is determined using finite element method (FED) and finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method. As we found, the range of the force sensor both in X and Y directions is around 0‐1 μN. And the resolutions of sensor for each component force in X and Y directions are 1.891 nm/μN and 1.418 nm/μN, respectively, with a 30 μm long and 15 μm wide microcantilever. Thus, the novel photonic crystal sensor shows a promising linear characteristic as a two dimensional optical nanomechanical sensor.


Paradox of economic boundaries and ways of its disappearance in the global world are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, the word "global" is  defined as "world-wide", "including the whole world", "all-inclusive", "being comprehensive" etc. Globalization is recognized as the whole complex of interrelated processes occurring world-wide. It means that reference to some kind of boundaries (or borders) in the era of globalization is at the minimum not scientific. On the other hand, it is evident that it is really difficult to find events or processes which could be defined as including the whole world. The global nature of banking services or the Internet is much spoken about. Nevertheless, comparing the occurrence of these in developed countries and, for example, in some African countries, the difference would be so distinct that it would be impossible to refer to the occurrences mentioned as "all-inclusive". This means that there exist boundaries separating regions with differing intensity of various "global" occurrences. Question, what is the nature and consequences of economic boundaries in contemporary world and how economic subjects behave under such conditions is discussed in this paper. The task of paper is: -    to reveal the content of the concept "economic border", the nature of the economic boundaries and the reasons of their changes in the modern world; -    to establish the relation between legal acts (agreements) and the role of market mechanisms in the evolution of economic boundaries. -    to illustrate disappearance of economic boundaries of Lithuania in the last two decades period. The methods of the analysis of scientific literature, legal acts, and statistical data as well as the methods of synthesis of the information thus accumulated are used in this paper. The nature of economic boundaries in the globalization era is discussed and the definition is offered in the first part:  economic boundary is the one beyond which other conditions of activity prevail, or such activity is not possible at all. The economic boundary presently is more political rather than an economic concept. Formation of international administrative structures and activity of international corporations as two ways of disappearance analysis of economic boundaries are introduced in the second part. Changes of directions and volumes of Lithuanian foreign trade during last two decades as examples of disappearance of Lithuania's economic boundaries are presented in the third part. Those changes are named as the proof of Lithuania's economy as the whole and its subject's (enterprises) ability to react to the changes caused by integration processes in the conclusions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.6.1604


markdownabstractTraumatic injuries to the peripheral nerves cause considerable disability and economic burden. It is estimated that 5% of patients admitted to Level I trauma centers have peripheral nerve injury. The reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects remains a clinical challenge. The gold standard for nerve injuries that cannot be directly reconstructed is the use of a bridging autologous nerve graft. The use of autograft nerve is limited by supply, diameter, and length, and has associated donor site morbidity. This has constrained the ability to optimally reconstruct injured nerves of patients with multiple segmental defects and resulted in the prioritization of which nerves to reconstruct. This thesis focuses on reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects and highlights the clinical problem and focuses on the optimization of a decellularized nerve allografts.


This book is a history of the search for the causes of kuru, a malady affecting women and children among the Fore people in the remote Eastern Highlands of New Guinea. Anderson is interested in the ways the story of kuru research reveals the "'primitive' foundations of modern science."


Energy storage can provide services to several sectors in electricity industry, including generation, transmission and distribution and support a cost-effective transition to a low carbon electricity industry. Sharing storage plant's energy and power capacity for multiple services portfolios leads to conflicting or synergic interactions among services. In this context, the proposed methodology determines interactions among services for distributed energy storage plants, including energy arbitrage, peak demand shaving and various balancing services, and assesses the impact that such interactions have on storage plant remunerability in a multiple service business model framework for distributed energy storage. We demonstrate that services interact differently depending on markets and system operating conditions. We also find that correlation between energy market and local system conditions is important to determine whether energy arbitrage conflicts with further services.


The experiences, problems and corresponding solutions for the self-supplying steam blowing on HRSG of the first introduced 400MW-class co-axis gas-steam combined cycle unit were presented. Based on the features of relative independence for HP, IP, LP cycles, the parallel purging method was used in this pipe blowing. As a result, the waste heat was fully utilized, the purging time was greatly shortened and the natural gas has been saved greatly. The result shows better economic and social benefits during the whole steam purging process.


The Doppler effect is commonly used to infer the velocity difference between stars based on the relative shifts in the rest-frame wavelengths of their spectral features. In wide binaries, the difference in gravitational redshift from the surfaces of the constituent stars with distinct compactness dominates at separations ≳10−2 pc. I suggest that this effect became apparent for wide pairs in the Gaia eDR3 catalog but was incorrectly interpreted as a possible modification of Newtonian gravity in the internal kinematics of very wide binaries.


The MAC of IEEE 802.11 WLAN to control data transmission uses two control methods called DCF and PCF. The DCF controls the transmission based on CSMA/CA The BEB backoff algorithm of DCF shows relatively excellent performance in situation that the number of competing station is less, but has a problem that performance of throughput and delay is degraded in situation that the number of competing station is increased. This paper mathematically analyzes an MIMD backoff algorithm considering retry limit that increases the CW to doubled after collision and decreases smoothly the CW to halves after successful transmission in order to reduce the collision probability. To prove efficiency of the MIMD backoff algorithm, lots of simulations are conducted and analyzed.


Method: Use scenarios of Dr. Liver were developed through literature review, benchmarking, and interviews with surgeons. User interfaces of Dr. Liver with various user-friendly features (e.g., context-sensitive hotkey menu and 3D view navigation box) was designed. Novel image processing algorithms (e.g., hybrid semi-automatic algorithm for liver extraction and customized region growing algorithm for vessel extraction) were developed for accurate and efficient liver surgery planning. Usability problems of a preliminary version of Dr. Liver were identified by surgeons and system developers and then design changes were made to resolve the identified usability problems.


The impend forecasting of strong earthquake is still an unsolvable scientific qu estion in the world. Based on our analysis of the disadvantages of present earth quake forecasting, this article discussed the probability of spatial detect tech nique that is used in earthquake's forecasting, and then summarized the status, extent and some unanswered questions of those new techniques and methods in dome stic and international applications. In earth's crust, where there is the broken proceeding, there is the changing the media of the energy between inside and ou tside. The phenomena can be caused by crust stress changing under ground, temper ature up on earth surface and low frequency electromagnetic emission in atmosphe re by interface match of various solid earth and atmosphere circle. Furthermore, it is possible to acquire strong earthquake information from space remote sensi ng data. In so far, three sorts of strong earthquake's information can be detect ed using various sensors of satellites. There is crust deforming in geologic bod y, thermal abnormal on surface and electromagnetic over atmosphere. We can surel y believe that successive, dynamic, systematic and multi-parameter stereoscopy observation will be a development tendency of earthquake's impending forecasting in future. Through spatial detect technique, we can real time capture the corre lative dynamic information before earthquakes. Low price, covering more area, fa ster, more information, more strong directing perception and continual observing are characteristics of application of remote sensing technology, which compensa te the inadequate of seismic stations on the ground and improve present system o f earthquake's monitoring and forecasting. There is fairly reason to trust that the short-term predicting precise degree of earthquake information must be impr oved.


Varicose veins are usually found on legs, but they also can be found in the vulva. Although, they are often considered as a cosmetic problem, they can lead to complications that results in lost time from work and lost wages. Treatment options include conservative, endovenous or interventional or surgical treatments. Because of rich vulvar vascular network, surgical procedures for vulvar varicose veins may cause some severe complications such as hematomas. Vulvar hematomas usually occur during pregnancy or after delivery. Non-obstetric ones are uncommon conditions. Management of vulvar hematomas may range from a range from a conservative method to surgical drainage. Surgical procedure is prefered in more severe cases.


We propose a whispering gallery mode (WGM) strain sensor formed by a polymer-wire cylindrical micro resonator for strain measurement applications. WGMs are generated by evanescently coupling light into the polymer-wire resonator from a silica fiber taper fabricated by the micro heater brushing technique. Accurate and repeatable measurements of strains up to one free spectral range shift of the WGMs (corresponding to 0.33% of the polymer-wire elongation, 3250 $\mu\epsilon$) are demonstrated experimentally with the proposed sensor. Practical packaging method for the proposed strain sensor on a glass microscope slide has also been realized making the sensor portable and easy to handle. The robustness of the packaged coupling system is confirmed by vibration tests. The performance of the packaged strain sensor is evaluated and compared with that for an unpackaged sensor.


We use extreme value theory to make statistical inference about the endpoint of distributions. First we compare estimators of the endpoint of several distributions, including a distribution that appears in problems of global optimization. These estimators use a fixed number of order statistics (k) from a sample of fixed size (n). Two of the estimators investigated are the optimal linear estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator. We find that the optimal linear estimator often outperforms the maximum likelihood estimator. We next investigate how the order statistics change as sample size increases. In order to do this, we define record times: the sample size at which the set of k smallest order statistics changes. We give the distributions of several statistics related to order statistics and record times, in particular we show that records occur according to a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. We show that order statistics can be modeled using a Markov chain, and use this Markov chain to investigate estimators of the endpoint of a distribution. Two additional estimators are derived and investigated using the Markov chain model. Finally, we consider a meteorological application of extreme value theory. In particular, we estimate the maximum and minimum sea level at several ports in the Netherlands. This is done using a combination of record theory, singular spectrum decomposition and known estimators of the endpoint of a distribution.


There exist some problems in the application of budget management in enterprise groups,such as the imperfect design of budget organizations,the single way of budgeting and the unclear duty of it,etc.The effective measures are to better the design of budget organizations,choose and optimize budget program,etc.


This paper demonstrates the effective use of zero pole compensation to shorten particle-detector pulses. Application of this method to total-absorption detectors allowed pulses to be shortened from 90 to 22 nsec and from 50 to 10 nsec, respectively, at a level of 0.2 maximum amplitude. The described method can also be used to compensate for pulse spreading due to passage through a long cable.


The digital collection comprises over 5000 images from the ethnographic collectionnand 1500 images from the photographic collection with more being added as the project continues.n The ethnographic collection is made up of over 19,000 items including contemporary art and artefacts from Australia and the Pacific as well as Asia, Africa and the American continents. The Museum also holds over 8000 prints, negatives and slides from the early and mid-twentieth century and includes fieldwork archives and mission photography acquired from various donors, vendors, collectors and photographers. Also included here are early ethnographic items in the Museumrs collection. The collection is an important resource for, among other areas, family research, visual culture studies, histories of anthropology, native title research, cultural history and post-colonial studies.n


Moral degradation is still a central issue in educational practice. Responding to these problems, making character education a solution to improve students' morality. Character education design focuses on 18 values that are mandated to be integrated into learning. One of these values is religious value. This article aims to analyze the poetry of local writers to be used as social studies learning resource. This research is a type of semiotic research. As semiotics is a type of research that emphasizes the aspect of extracting the meaning of signs in a literary work. The collection of data used in this research is a library study. The data analysis technique was carried out based on the semiological analysis of Roland Barthes. The study results describe the religious characters contained in the collection of poems in the form of depictions of Aqidah, Sharia and Morals. Religious character is strongly influenced by the strengthening of Islamic values in society. Thus, it is a concern in the practice of social studies learning that religious characteristics originating from Islam affect social life. This relates to several materials, namely class VIII Chapter IV Changes in Indonesian Society during the Colonial Period and the Growth of National Spirit. This material describes that the struggle of the Indonesian people and the spirit of nationalism grew because of their religious character. The integration of poetry as a social study learning resource strengthens the existence of religious characters. Religious character does not discriminate against the existence of other religions. However, providing diversity to achieve and practice religious teachings in harmony.


One day workshop exploring the lessons learnt from research on Windermere for practitioners concerned with effects of invasive species and climate change on lakes.