Catfish (Pangasius hypopthalmus) biscuits contain omega 3 in amount of 1.39%. Omega 3 consists of EPA and DHA which can increase insulin production in Langerhans beta cells. One of the symptoms of diabetes mellitus is polyphagia, which can increase appetite and decreasing body weight. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a snack in a form of biscuits which can be consumed by diabetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the histology of hyperglycemic white rat pancreas after giving of catfish biscuits and to determine the formula of catfish biscuits which was effective toward histological image of white rat pancreas. The study was arranged in a complete random design with 24 male rats divided into 6 treatments, i.e. normal with dosing of Na-CMC 0.5% 1mL / 200 gram BB, negative with dosing of Na-CMC 0.5% 1mL / 200 gram BB, positive with dosing of glibenclamide 0.45 mg / kg BB and 3 other treatments by giving catfish biscuits (formula A, formula B and formula C) with 4 replications. All treatments were injected with alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150 mg / kg BB intraperitonally, except for normal treatment. The results showed that the giving of catfish biscuits had an effect on histology of pancreas. Biscuit composition with 3 grams wheat fluor, 1.25 grams fish filtrate, 0.25 grams egg yolk, 0.5 grams margarine in formula B had an effect on repairing the Langerhans island tissue that had necrosis.


Sepsis is characterized by systemic inflammation that is caused by infection and by activation of proinflammatory pathways, resulting in mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction leading to multiorgan failure. Here, we show the following: 1) in peritoneal immune cells, particularly macrophages, from mice that have undergone cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) expression increased in parallel with proinflammatory cytokines; 2) post‐CLP survival rates of Hca2−/− knockout mice (n = 22) were lower than those of wild‐type (WT) mice (n = 15) (P < 0.011), which is suggestive of a protective role for HCA2 in sepsis; 3) WT mice subjected to CLP‐induced sepsis and treated with lactated Ringer's solution (LR, n = 13) survived longer than those treated with normal saline (n = 14; P < 0.027); 4) LR treatment of CLP‐induced sepsis reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression in CD11b+F4/80+ macrophages and promoted M2‐like polarization; 5) HCA2 was expressed by kidney in the setting of sepsis, but not by normal kidneys; 6) LR administration attenuated sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI), partly restored expression of the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (P < 0.03), and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF‐α, P < 0.04; IL‐1β, P < 0.006; IL‐6, P < 0.03). Our data suggest that lactate‐induced activation of HCA2 during sepsis activates a negative feedback loop to attenuate the inflammatory response. The data further suggest that fluid resuscitation with LR may benefit patients with sepsis, particularly those with sepsis‐associated AKI treated with potentially lactate‐depleting renal replacement therapies.—Takakura, A., Zandi‐Nejad, K. Lactate‐induced activation of HCA2 improves survival in mice with sepsis. FASEB J. 33, 7625–7634 (2019). www.fasebj.org


Nine physiological indexes such as vegetative growth,proline contents,K +/Na +,activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase,glutathione contents and malondiadehyde contents,membrane relative permeability in four mulberry varieties under salt stress are analyzed.The salt tolerances of these four mulberry varieties are evaluated with subordinate functions by determining their overall indexes and the change of the indexes Results indicated that the salt tolerance of"Xinyizhilai"was the strongest,the salt tolerance of"Yu 151"was the weakest,and Husang 32 was similar to"Tongxiangqing"situated between Xinyizhilai and Yu 151.


Photovoltaic conversion is the direct conversion of electromagnetic energy into electrical energy continuously. This electromagnetic energy is the most solar radiation. In this work we performed a computer modelling using AMPS 1D optimization of hetero-junction solar cells GaInP / GaAs configuration for p/n. We studied the influence of the thickness the base layer in the cell offers on the open circuit voltage, the short circuit current and efficiency.


This article questions the supposed pervasive celebrity of the American author Harriet Beecher Stowe in Europe in the nineteenth century, and investigates her authorial status in the Netherlands in the mid-1850s. To what extent could she be considered a celebrity in the Netherlands in this period? The article pays attention both to the institutional and to the ideological situation, which can either facilitate or hinder the development of a so-called "celebrity society," and shows that textual representations of Stowe did indeed circulate, but that this circulation did not take on the massive scale that seems necessary for a celebrity status. Whereas Uncle Tom's Cabin was, by Dutch standards, an incredible success, journalists were only marginally aware of the authorial figure of Stowe herself. This was in part a result of the lack of a professional literary and journalistic infrastructure in the Netherlands. From an ideological point of view, the phenomenon of literary celebrity was a controversial one in the nineteenth-century Netherlands, hampering the emergence of a celebrity society. Together, these findings help us to consider the existence of a possible "transatlantic" Stowe cult in a different light: in the peripheral Netherlands, such a cult did not emerge easily.


Abstract : The growth and subsequent optical characterization of single crystal Ge fibers for transmission at 10.6 micrometers is described. Single crystal Ge fibers 0.007 to 0.020 inch in diameter were grown by a laser-heated floating zone technique. The technique was shown to be effective for producing optical quality fibers with absorption coefficients as low as 0.06/cm, or 0.26 db/cm at 10.6 micrometers.


United Nations has shaped Human Rights system since its creation. Violence against women started to be considered as a human rights question * Este texto se inscribe en el proyecto de Investigacion «Mujeres, derechos y ciudadania» 150/05 del Instituto de la Mujer, Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales. 388 Victor Merino Sancho recently. International community started adopting a series of measurements directed to eradicating the above mentioned violence. The appointment of the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on violence against women, its causes and consequences, was one of the mechanisms they have more contributed to the struggle for the elimination of this violence and the promotion and protection of women's human rights. Her conceptual contributions must be in mind for her interpretive function of the international documents, specially the Declaration on the elimination of violence against women, She has introduced in the international community workplan and human rights law a new point of view on equality, violence against women and the due diligence standard.


This article investigates concentration, efficiency, and profitability of commercial banks operating in Saudi Arabia, which is considering acceding to the World Trade Organisation whose rules on financial services liberalisation could pose a competitive challenge to local banks. We use regression analysis to investigate the underlying determinants of Saudi bank concentration, efficiency, and profitability. The significance of the study stems from the conventional premise that highly concentrated banking or credit market introduces inefficiencies that would harm firms' access to credit thus hindering economic growth. If banks were found to be highly concentrated and hence inefficient, then the relevant policy question that should be addressed by Saudi Arabian policy makers is what should be done to alleviate the situation. Empirical results show that Saudi banking market is highly concentrated, and healthy competition through the Saudi adoption of corrective measures would ease the problem. The Saudi government may like to consider concurrently joining the WTO, and allow non‐banking institutions to enter into brokerage business, offer financial products and services (investment banking, brokerage, and portfolio management), and compete with commercial banks through fair participation in auctioning of government securities.


Weather prediction is basically based upon the historical time series data. The basic parameters of weather prediction are max- imum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall, humidity etc. In this paper we are trying to predict the future weather condition based upon above parameters by Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization Technique. The basic Data mining operations are employed to get a useful pattern from a huge volume of data set. Different testing and training scenarios are performed to obtain the accurate result. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is useful for weather forecasting.


Paclitaxel-eluting devices, including drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) and drug-eluting stents (DESs), have been shown to be safe and effective in several randomized trials. This technology greatly improved the prognosis of patients with obstructive disease in the femoral and popliteal districts, as well as the results of percutaneous angioplasty. Despite a high procedural success rate (over 90%), simple balloon angioplasty has been taxed with a significant restenosis rate in the short term and mid-term. Many studies confirmed a restenosis rate of 50% after 1 year.


This valuable book examines the development of evaluation and its impact on public policy by analysing evaluation frameworks and criteria which are available when evaluating public policies and services.


The utility model relates to an electromagnet control device for a control and protective switching device, which comprises a support. The electromagnet control device is characterized in that indicator components are distributed outside the support, a movable iron core is arranged in the support, and the indicator components are connected with the movable iron core. Simultaneously, the movable iron core is provided with an elastic component, a static iron core is arranged at a position corresponding to the movable iron core, and a permanent magnet and an adjusting magnetic plate are disposed on the inner side of the static iron core. Besides, the support is provided with a control coil comprising an attract coil and a releasing coil. The electromagnet control device is simple in structural process, small in volume, identical in conventional application form and small in permanent magnetic mechanical impact during operation, prolongs service life of the permanent magnetic electromagnet and increases reliability thereof. In addition, holding power after the movable iron core and the static iron core are attracted adopts attraction force of the permanent magnets rather than an energy consumption form of controlling power to provide holding current when in normal operation of the conventional electromagnet, Thereby realizing zero power consumption during operation of the electromagnet, zero temperature rise and zero noise and meeting energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements.


The authors have developed a family-centred interactive art exercise from a synthesis of clinical tools used by attachment theory and family art therapists. The exercise aims to facilitate assessment and treatment of families with younger children (two to eight years) at a tertiary referral child and family psychiatric facility, by observing how a family collectively as well as individually sets about planning and completing an art task. Art exercises allow for both verbal and non-verbal communication. The exercises are deliberately kept simple in order to span a range of developmental abilities, and allow the therapist/s to observe from behind a one-way screen, so as to be less intrusive in the family dynamics. Although developed for assessment with a specific population, the exercise is likely to be useful in other clinical situations and has been used as a treatment tool by the authors. (author abstract)


The technological property of auto drum-style brake hoof block was analyzed. A new design of the progressive die with little- or no-scrap manufacturing that could not only increase the material utilization rate, but also improve the work efficiency.


Abstract The article presents the operations undertaken by city-level organizations in connection with major sport events. The analysis focuses on three events: two related to football (i.e. the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, and 2008 UEFA European Football Championship in Austria and Switzerland) and the 2012 Olympic Games in London. The article consists of two basic parts. The first one contains theoretical considerations related to the issue, i.e. understanding of the concept of destination management organizations (DMOs) and their operations, including those connected with large sport events. The second part is an attempt to characterize activities performed by selected urban DMOs in order to promote and publicize large football events hosted by these cities. It has been demonstrated that specific entities undertake various operations in this area. The majority of these are connected with promotion, yet it is possible to also identify other types of activity (e.g. related to trainings).


Preface Part I: Overview Part II: The Lisbon Strategy: Main Challenges and Achievements Part III: Research Lessons and Policy Implications for the Lisbon Strategy Index.


The association of intracranial aneurysms with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and the 30-day mortality rate of more than 50 percent among patients with aneurysmal rupture1 have led ph...


Mounting evidence suggests that the position in the cell cycle of cells exposed to an oxidative stress could determine their survival or apoptotic cell death. This study aimed at determining whether nitric oxide (NO)-induced cell death in colon cancer cells might depend on their position in the cell cycle, based on a clone of the cancer cell line HT29 exposed to an NO donor, in combination with the manipulation of the cell entry into the cell cycle. We show that PAPA NONOate (pNO), from 10−4 m to 10−3 m, exerted early and reversible cytostatic effects through ribonucleotide reductase inhibition, followed by late resumption of cell growth at 5 × 10−4 m pNO. In contrast, 10−3 m pNO led to late programmed cell death that was accounted for by the progression of cells into the cell cycle as shown by (a) the accumulation of apoptotic cells in the G2-M phase at 10−3 m pNO treatment; and (b) the prevention of cell death by inhibiting the entry of cells into the cell cycle. The entry of pNO-treated cells into the G2-M phase was associated with actin depolymerization and its S-glutathionylation in the same way as in control cells. However, the pNO treatment interfered with the build-up of a high reducing power, associated in control cells with a dramatic increase in reduced glutathione biosynthesis in the G2-M phase. This oxidative stress prevented the exit from the G2-M phase, which requires a high reducing power for actin deglutathionylation and its repolymerization. Finally, our demonstration that programmed cell death occurred through a caspase-independent pathway is in line with the context of a nitrosative/oxidative stress. In conclusion, this work, which deciphers the connection between the position of colonic cancer cells in the cell cycle and their sensitivity to NO-induced stress and their programmed cell death, could help optimize anticancer protocols based on NO-donating compounds.


The Semutang anticline is located in the northwestern side of the eastern fold belt (EFB) of Bangladesh. The anticline is typically an elongated brachy anticline, 25 km long and 5 km wide. The fold is wide and gentle, of having dips of 4-5° and amplitude of about 600 m. The axis of the fold runs along NNW-SSE direction. The geological map of the area has been constructed using Remote sensing data like Landsat Imagery (TM), SPOT and aerial photos. The different Beta values of the different sections of the area show that the axial trace of the anticline is a curvilineat unit. The subsurface demarcation of different formations and members have been made from the geophysical well log data and seismic and gravity data analysis. Six stratigraphic conventional sequences and several prominent faults are identified in the subsurface. The faulting and bedding flexuring intensity of the Upper Bhuban is more complex than the Lower Bhuban. The southern plunge of the anticline is more faulted and the faulted blocks are occasionally down thrown than that of adjacent beds. On the basis of seismic data, it is identified that the core of the Middle Bokabil is slightly chevron type but in the eastern side, it is monoclinal. The nature of crisscross complex faults of both Upper and Lower Bhuban indicate the evidence of shale flow or diapiric activities. Two potential hydrocarbon zones are identified from the well log information data.


Nanoporous composite films of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) were grown electrochemically on a platinum electrode with the aim to investigate the influence of the forming process, and thus the influence of the microstructure, on the capacitive performance of the composites. The constituents of the composite were deposited either simultaneously from acidic aqueous solutions containing both the CNTs and the monomer, or by PANI electrodeposition on an electrode already modified by adsorbed CNT coating. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the composite films. The electrochemical response is significantly increased for the composite films in comparison with the pure polymer film. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the composite films consisted of nanoporous networks of CNTs coated with PANI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The ignition of nitromethane+O2+N2 mixtures was investigated using shock tube experiments in the temperature range 1108–1300 K and reflected shock pressures around 8, 16 and 32 atm. During the present study the ignition was examined by pressure and luminosity profiles over time. The temperature and pressure dependence as well as the effect of mixture composition on ignition delays of nitromethane in the presence of oxygen are discussed. Under the experimental condition of the present study, the ignition proceeds through a two stage process. New measurements are compared to data from the literature.  Corresponding author: email@example.com Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting 2015 Introduction Nitromethane is used as a fuel in racing cars as well as in model engines. Despite its practical applications, engine relevant studies of nitromethane combustion are scarce. One important property of a fuel is its ignition characteristics, which give important information when it comes to a potential fuels' suitability for use, especially in combustors. Ignition is highly governed by the specific chemistry of the fuel, with controlling characteristics being activation energy, ignition profiles of various properties and species over time and ignition delay times. The chemistry controlling the ignition of nitromethane can be investigated in kinetic studies using shock tubes. The thermal decomposition of nitromethane without the presence of an oxidizer has been examined in several shock tube studies [1–6]. Glänzer and Troe [2] examined CH3NO2 and NO2 concentration profiles using shock waves in the temperature range 900–1500 K from 0.1–20 atm with varying concentrations of Ar bath gas. It was experimentally shown by Zaslonko et al. [1] that in the temperature and pressure ranges 1030–1580 K and 1.0– 2.8 atm, the thermal decomposition produced CH3O and CH3ONO. The latter was explained as the result of recombination of CH3 and NO2. Kuznetsov et al. [5] monitored the formation of NO2 in nitromethane decomposition through shock tube experiments in the temperature range 1190–1490 K and at 1.5 atm. The authors confirmed that the NO2 profile had a convex shape consistent with a typical decomposition product, and that the disappearance of nitromethane and the formation of NO2 coincided. Through theoretical analysis it was also concluded that isomerization of nitromethane to CH3ONO was not competitive compared to the thermal decomposition. The thermal decomposition of nitromethane was shown to be pressure dependent in studies covering a pressure range from 0.1–40 atm [1, 2, 6]. In the thermal decomposition study of Hsu and Lin [4] NO and CO profiles were measured in the temperature range 940–1520 K and at pressures 0.4–1 atm. From the NO and CO profiles the authors showed that NO is formed early during the ignition, while CO is formed at a later stage. In its chemical structure nitromethane contains two oxygen atoms in a nitrogen dioxide group (NO2). Because of the oxygen content, nitromethane can act both as a fuel and as an oxidizer in combustion processes. This aspect of nitromethane combustion was noted in the study of Fells and Rutherford [7], where the effect of nitromethane addition to methane on the burning rate of methane flames was examined. The ignition of nitromethane in the presence of O2 has only been previously examined in the studies of Borisov et al. [3] and Kang et al. [8]. In [3] the autoignition was measured in a by-pass apparatus for nitromethane in the presence ofO2 and the diluents Ar, N2 and He to determine the rate constant for the thermal decomposition of nitromethane. Kang et al. [8] examined the ignition delay times of nitromethane+O2+Ar mixtures by tracking the von Neuman pressure spike in the temperature-range 1250– 1900 K and pressure of about 0.2 atm for several different nitromethane+O2+Ar compositions. The von Neuman spike is the rapid rise in pressure typically occurring at ignition of explosives in a shock tube. The authors mention that the species CH2O, OH, and NO were detected through emission after the reflected shock had passed, referenced in [8] as a coming publication but is, to the best of the authors knowledge, not yet published. A correlation between mixture composition and ignition delay times was presented by Kang et al. [8]. The overall activation energy was found to be 21.36 (±0.51) kcal mol –1 through multiple regression analysis. The authors concluded that the presence of oxygen in the NO2-group in the fuel molecule reduced the role of O2 as an ignition promoter compared to other hydrocarbon fuels. All of the mixtures investigated by Kang et al. [8] were measured at different equivalence ratios (φ). As φ is independently a factor affecting the ignition, the effect of mixture composition on ignition is warranted to be revisited. In the current study the ignition of nitromethane+O2+N2 mixtures has been examined through shock tube experiments. Different aspects of


SUMMARY In order to improve Japanese longline catch-at-size data for yellowfin in the Atlantic Ocean so as to better estimate real size frequency of the catch, the past method of data substitution was reconsidered and modified. The major point of the modification is to set an a dditional restriction that the size distribution with a small measurement number is not used for the substitution for other strata. To objectively define the minimum number of samples for the substitution certain samples were randomly taken from the known length frequency and then the distribution was compared. The result showed that when the sample size is about 100 or more, the distribution is reasonably good. Two catch-at-ages from the catch-at-sizes made by the previous and the modified methods were compared. Although there were some differences between age composition of the two catch-at-ages especially in 2 and 3 year old fish, these differences were less than about 5%. Three year old fish was the most dominant age for the majority of years analyzed in both catch-at-age estimates. RESUME


We present a method to design specific heater electrode distributions on substrates with high thermal conductivity such as sheet metal. The substrate is covered with a thin polymer insulation layer on both sides, which are, in turn, carrying screen printed, electrically conductive heater electrodes and another protective polymer layer. The temperature inside a predetermined optimization area is demanded to be as uniform as possible, which is required for various high-precision heating applications. A uniform temperature distribution is required when realizing a newly proposed "lab on metal" approach. For this purpose, an optimization algorithm yields the required distances between the electrodes. The resulting electrode distribution was numerically obtained for certain optimization areas. We show the electrode positions relative to the distance from the centermost electrode and the optimization error for each distribution. Finally we describe the fabrication of a test device and show infrared measurements of the FEM modeled uniform temperature distribution on the experimental realized device.


ABSTRACT In the quest for greater efficiency and effective operation the church may find help in the secular world's approach to quality management. The language of quality is well established in many secular institutions. Many church members have seen the positive effects of quality thinking in their work environments. The effectiveness of these concepts in the secular environment is a strong argument for considering their application into the church environment. The major concepts supporting quality management are discussed with relationship to scriptural tenets. Lastly, the potential effectiveness of these concepts is explored in a hypothetical church scenario.


In today's technological world, electrical energy is one of the most important forms of energy and is needed directly or indirectly in almost every field. Increase in the demand and consumption of electrical energy leads to increase in the system fault levels, and it crosses the rated capacity of the existing circuit breakers . One solution to this problem is to use a current limiting device in the system. In view of this, it is desirable to introduce a reliable means of limiting the fault currents so that the circuit breakers open at lower fault currents without any damage. One of them is Superconducting Fault Current Limiter.It appears to be the most attractive option for such purposes. Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) based on high temperature Resistive type is an enabling technology for the extensive fault current limitation when compared to Conventional circuit breakers. In this paper overview of the SFCL, modeling and simulation Studies of a 3.3kV single phase resistive type SFCL, to predict the performance of the Resistive type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) using MATLAB/SIMULINK is presented.


Let n(k,d) be the smallest integer n such that a binary linear code of length n , dimension k , and minimum distance at least d exists. New results are given that improve the best previously known bounds on n(8,d) .


Let be a real irrational number and A =(xn) be a sequence of positive integers. We call A a characterizing sequence of or of the group Z mod 1 if lim n 2A n !1 k k =0 if and only if 2 Z mod 1. In the present paper we prove the existence of such characterizing sequences, also for more general subgroups of R = Z . Inthespecialcase Z mod 1 we give explicit construction of a characterizing sequence in terms of the continued fraction expansion of. Further, we also prove some results concerning the growth and gap properties of such sequences. Finally, we formulate some open problems.


In the present work, we have considered Gangtok region (latitude: 27:3; longitude: 83:3) and estimated daily evapotranspiration for the year 2008 for the purpose of estimating and partitioning evapotranspiration into evaporation and transpiration using Micrometreology based Penman Monteith method. Daily evapotranspiration (ET) values were calculated using Micrometreology based method and the evaporation and transpiration components were separated using the Leaf Area Index values from evapotranspiration over a year of 2008. The maximum evapotranspiration is observed in the month of April 2.10 mm/day and minimum in the month of July 0.50 mm/day. November has the highest Evaporation values and transpiration value is maximum in the month of April. The changes in Leaf Area Index reciprocate the vegetation activities over Gangtok for the year 2008. The separation of evaporation and transpiration clearly indicates the water intake of the crops/plants and the vegetation activity over Gangtok.


The use of the L12 orthogonal array has been highly recommended in Taguchi's experimentation; however, it has very complex partial aliasing patterns (PAP). Proposes a method based on the inner product (IP) of vectors for computing the PAP of an interaction. Provides some special tables, which give the values of IP for three‐factor, four‐factor and five‐factor so that the PAP for any order of interaction can be obtained easily. Discusses some interesting properties of the PAP.


Abstract— Finding an available parking space in outdoor environments such as university campuses and roadsides need a good parking system. In a general parking system, detecting a vehicle entering leaving the parking premise is one of the major steps. Currently, there are parking systems that use cameras or external sensors to detect the leaving and entering of the automobiles. External sensors-based systems require a costly sensor installation at each parking slot while the camera-based systems require sophisticated camera setup. Both parking systems need very high cost of deployment and maintenance. Besides, the additional need for network setup and hardware capacity increases the complexity that makes the system difficult to be implemented in an outdoor environment that typically involve a bigger coverage area. To encounter the issues, paper presents a parking system for outdoor parking systems using only smartphone-oriented sensors. The proposed approach does not require additional sensors installation nor manpower support. The proposed system takes the inputs from smartphones to detect the driver's context that is used to recognize the flow of the vehicle. Context flow recognition indicates whether a driver is parking or unparking his/her vehicle. Supervised classifiers like support vector machines (SMV) and decision trees (DT) are used to recognize the parking or unparking actions to enable vehicles tracking in the parking area. Outcome of the proposed approach is a significant contribution for outdoor parking system as it solely utilizes the sensors embedded in smartphones to detect parking behaviors.


The effects of denervation were investigated in mice with transgenes containing promoter elements from the muscle acetylcholine receptor e-and a-sub-unit genes. The promoter sequences were coupled to a nuclear localization signal-B-galactosidase fusion gene (nlacZ) as a reporter. While many postsynaptic specializations form in the embryo, expression of the subunit is induced during the first two postnatal weeks. When muscles were denervated at birth, before the onset of e expression, enlacZ still appeared at the former synaptic sites on schedule. This result suggests that the nerve leaves a localized "trace" in the muscle that can continue to regulate transcription. An additional finding was that enlacZ expression was much stronger in denervated than in intact muscles. This suggests that the e promoter is similar to the other subunits in containing elements that are activated on cessation of neural activity. However, even after dener-vation, enlacZ expression was always confined to the synaptic region whereas c~nlacZ expression increased in nuclei along the entire length of the fiber. This suggests that while the e gene is similar in its activity dependence to other subunit genes, it is unique in that local nerve-derived signals are essential for its expression. Consequently, inactivity enhances ~ expression only in synaptic nuclei where such signals are present, but enhances expression throughout the muscle fiber. Truncations and an internal deletion of the e promoter indicate that cis-elements essential for the response to synaptic signals are contained within 280 bp of the transcription start site. In contrast to these results in young animals, denervation in older animals leads to an unexpected reduction in nlacZ activity. However, mRNA measurements indicated that transgene expression was increased in these animals. This discordance between nlacZ mRNA and enzyme activity, demonstrates a previously unknown limitation of nlacZ as a reporter gene in transgenic animals. M OTOR neurons not only evoke contractions in muscles, but also control the expression of a broad range of muscle proteins including many crucial for mechanical activity and synaptic transmission (for example see Gorza et al. This type of neural regulation of muscle phenotype is often referred to as neurotrophic control. Since Heidenhaln's observation in 1883 that muscles become su-persensitive to nicotine after denervation, it has become clear that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) ~ is particularly sensitive to neurotrophic control. Our current view is that AChRs are present throughout the fetal myotube, and that these receptors have a low conductance, long channel …


Considering pressing challenges for human life, such as climate change or resource scarcity, sustainability has become an important constraint in today's value creation. While customer awareness towards sustainability increases, the average product lifetime is observed as declining at the same time. One reason in this context is the phenomenon of psychological obsolescence which makes functional products abundant due to introduction of a new product with better features or effective marketing. Aesthetic product design can be an important lever to solve this problem by increasing attachment of the consumer to the product. Hence, this paper focusses on aesthetics and design as a new influencing factor on sustainability of technical products. Within this paper, an empirical study is presented which aims at pinpointing the interrelations between product characteristics and sustainability using a simple example (wristwatch). Based on the results implications for the development of new, more sustainable products are discussed.


Fourteen alkaline and acid isoperoxidase have been observed in the fresh juice ofRadix trichosanthis.Two pure preparation of peroxidase,one alkaline and one acid,have been isolated from the root of this plant and their isozyme constituents havebeen estimated.


Drinking water as a limited and scarce resource must be studied from different perspectives . On the one hand, the agents that provide the service and on the other the consumers . For this reason, it is essential to analyze the performance of water utilities and the behavior of the demand of this resource in order to optimize its management . The following work describes, in broad strokes, which are the actors involved in the provision of water service in Colombia and how their performance has been in the last years . In addition, an econometric model with panel data is proposed where the independent variables that explain consumption are the service tariff and per capita income . Considering previous studies and economic theory, it is observed that the exposed suppositions are consistent.


Insect-based meals such as the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae (BSFL) meal have shown promising results as aqua feed protein supplements. BSFL voraciously consume organic waste converting the nutrients into larval biomass containing 37-63% protein. However, to enable large-scale production of BSFL, the growth performance of BSFL needs to be enhanced. Natural additives such as propolis (a honeybee product) have shown potential to enhance the performance of farmed animals. This study examined the growth performance of BSFL fed on wheat bran treated with ethanol extracted honeybee propolis. A 45-days experiment was carried out in which triplicate groups of 100 BSFL (5 days-old) were each fed on 0.5 kg of wheat bran with a 70% moisture content and treated with either 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8 g of ethanol extracted propolis. The mean weight of BSFL at pre-pupae stage, rate of pupation and emergence of adult flies were assessed. The findings indicate that at the end of the first five days, the mean weight of larvae reared on propolis-treated substrate was significantly higher than the weight of larvae on propolis-untreated substrate. The highest mean weight of BSFL was recorded with 0.6 g propolis-treated wheat bran. The highest cumulative mean number of pupae was recorded in wheat bran treated with 0.8 g of propolis. Further, the highest cumulative mean number of adult flies were recorded in wheat bran treated with 0.8 g of propolis. All pupae from propolis treated substrate emerged into adult flies earlier (5 days) compared to other treatments. Therefore, propolis addition to wheat bran enhanced the growth performance of BSFL. However, more studies are necessary to determine the effect of propolis on reproductive performance of BSF and the proximate composition of BSFL.


Suppose that $f: Y\to X$ is a proper, dominant, tamely ramified morphism of algebraic surfaces, over a perfect field. We show that it is possible to perform sequences of monoidal transforms $Y'\to Y$ and $X'\to X$ to obtain an induced morphism $Y'\to Y$ which is a monomial morphism.


In this work, we present galaxy stellar and baryonic (stars plus cold gas) mass functions (SMF and BMF) and their halo mass dependence for two volume-limited data sets. The first, RESOLVE-B, coincides with the Stripe 82 footprint and is extremely complete down to baryonic mass Mbary ∼ 109.1 M⊙, probing the gas-rich dwarf regime below Mbary ∼ 1010M⊙. The second, ECO, covers a ∼40× larger volume (containing RESOLVE-A) and is complete to Mbary ∼ 109.4 M⊙. To construct the SMF and BMF we implement a new "cross-bin sampling" technique with Monte Carlo sampling from the full likelihood distributions of stellar or baryonic mass. Our SMFs exhibit the "plateau" feature starting below Mstar ∼ 1010 M⊙ that has been described in prior work. However, the BMF fills in this feature and rises as a straight power law below ∼1010 M⊙, as gas-dominated galaxies become the majority of the population. Nonetheless, the low-mass slope of the BMF is not as steep as that of the theoretical dark matter halo MF. Moreover, we assign group halo masses by abundance matching, finding that the SMF and BMF, separated into four physically motivated halo mass regimes, reveal complex structure underlying the simple shape of the overall MFs. In particular, the satellite MFs are depressed below the central galaxy MF "humps" in groups with mass <1013.5 M⊙ yet rise steeply in clusters. Our results suggest that satellite destruction and stripping are active from the point of nascent group formation. We show that the key role of groups in shaping MFs enables reconstruction of a given survey's SMF or BMF based on its group halo mass distribution.


This article presents a study focused on animal activity recognition using a combination of IoT devices and signal processing techniques. The study involves collecting data from IoT devices placed on the cow's neck, which are equipped with an accelerometer and gyroscope, along with a synchronized video camera. The objective is to accurately recognize and classify four key activities exhibited by the cow.
To prepare the collected signals for analysis, various signal processing techniques are applied. This includes essential pre-processing steps to clean the data, such as noise removal and filtering, ensuring reliable and accurate activity recognition. Additionally, feature extraction processes are performed to enhance the accuracy and precision of behavioral models. The study also examines the boundaries and allowable variations for each specific cow movement. Furthermore, dimensionality reduction techniques are applied to reduce the complexity of the data.
This study aims to develop an approach to analyze the behavior patterns of cows using IoT devices. The results contribute not only to our understanding of cow behavior but also hold potential implications for livestock management, health monitoring, and precision agriculture. This research paves the way for further exploration and development in the field of animal behavior studies, ultimately leading to improved welfare and productivity in livestock management practices.


We study the nonconvex optimization landscape for maximum likelihood estimation in the discrete orbit recovery model with Gaussian noise. This is a statistical model motivated by applications in molecular microscopy and image processing, where each measurement of an unknown object is subject to an independent random rotation from a known rotational group. Equivalently, it is a Gaussian mixture model where the mixture centers belong to a group orbit.


What will your mortgage repayments
be in January 2011? Difficult to say?
Maybe higher than now, given a
looming economic recession? What
about your council tax bill in three
years' time? Or the price of milk?
These are the sort of economic uncertainties we all have to deal with. Prime minister Gordon Brown's proposal for three-year pay deals for NHS staff would enable them to know what they will be earning in three years' time. The big
question is whether that certainty gives a financial advantage or disadvantage.


The Fifth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is a three-tower cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 600 m. The Steel Shell-Concrete Composite Pylon and steel-UHPC panel light composite girder are adopted.Aiming at the high-quality construction requirements of super-large projects, the research and practice of industrial construction technology including new structures, new processes, new materials and new equipment are carried out. The main innovations are as follows : (1) Based on the design-construction coordination concept of factory processing and modular installation, a new structure of steel shell-concrete composite bridge tower is developed, which has the advantages of good mechanical performance, fast construction and reliable quality. (2) The manufacturing process of making steel shell and main steel bar at the same time in the factory is developed. Only the steel shell is installed and the concrete is poured on site, which greatly improves the construction efficiency and quality of the site. (3) The lightweight self-climbing platform and precision adjustable spreader were developed, which improved the steel shell hoisting, platform climbing efficiency and appearance quality of bridge tower. (4) The lightweight composite beam structure of steel box-UHPC prefabricated panel and the wet joint connection structure of UHPC are developed, which have the advantages of light weight and fast assembly. (5) An automatic UHPC panel production line integrating multiple sets of equipment was developed, which realized the transformation of prefabricated component production from labor-intensive construction to technology-integrated manufacturing.


Very recently overseas acquisition and outward greenfield foreign investment have emerged as the two important modes of internationalization of the Indian pharmaceutical enterprises. This study examines the relative strengths and weaknesses of these strategies so as to suggest which between the two is a more effective internationalization strategy for the Indian pharmaceutical firms, given the nature of their ownership advantages. This analysis has been conducted in three stages. First, the nternationalization process of the Indian pharmaceutical industry has been embedded into a four stage theory emphasizing on the emergence of different modes of internationalization like inward foreign investment, imports, exports, outward greenfield investment, overseas acquisition and contract manufacturing including inter-firm strategic alliances. Second, theoretical perspectives have been developed with regard to the different ways in which greenfield investment and overseas acquisition can maximize the revenue productivity of pharmaceutical firms' competitive advantages and/or to strengthen their competitive position. Third, case study of Ranbaxy Laboratories has been undertaken to empirically assess its experience with overseas acquisitions. The analysis indicates that the growth and internationalization of Indian pharmaceutical enterprises was critically dependent upon strategic government policies pursued in the past. The Indian experience offers a number of policy lessons to other developing countries wanting to build their domestic base in the pharmaceutical sector. Theoretical understandings indicate that acquisition is a more effective internationalization strategy than greenfield investment since the former not only provides all the benefits that the latter gives, but also several other competitive advantages important for firms' performance in world market. The experience of Ranbaxy shows that overseas acquisitions have augmented its intangible asset bundle including distribution and market networks and have provided access to an existing market.


The objective of the research is to analyze the effect of the using Riddle Technique to increase the students' vocabulary mastery. This research is conducted in SMA Swasta Kartika 1-4 Pematangsiantar. The population of this research is class X at SMA Swasta Kartika Pematangsiantar. In which total class X are 6 classes as many as totally is 228 students. In this research, the researcher uses random sampling. the sample of this research is students of X IS-1at SMA Swasta Kartika 1-4 Pematangsiantar, as many as 38 students and this research was just conducted one class with two cycle. This research method use a quantitative method and was designed in a Classroom Action Research. The focus of this research is intended to answer the problem about teaching vocabulary by using riddle technique to the tenth IS-1 grade students of SMA Swasta Kartika Pematangsiantar is effective or not. In this part, the data is calculated to show the  total of score of pre-test and post-test, to show the avarage score of pre-test and post-test, to show the standart deviation and to show the significant difference.From the data analysis above the total score of pre-test is 1911 and the total score of post-test I is 3169. The avarage of post-test I is 83,39. Then the researcher do the post-test II and the total score is 3437. The avarage of the post-test II is 90,45. The value of mean score different is 7,06. The value of t-test is 9,29, the standart deviation is 8 and the significant difference is 0,9.Based on the result of the data analysis, it was obtained that there is difference of post-test I and post-test II namely : the mean score different is 7,06, t-test is 9,29, the standart deviation is 8 and the significant difference is 0,9. It means that the use of riddles technique is effective for teaching vocabulary to the tenth grade IS-1 SMA Swasta Kartika Pematangsiantar. From the result of the research can be conclude that riddle technique can give effect to increase students' vocabulary mastery in describing people


Objective To understand the prevalence of malaria and assess effect of malaria control and prevention in Hainan province.Methods Based on geographic distribution and the condition of malaria infections,Nanning Farm of Wanning City,Heping Town of Qiongzhong County,Qingsong Township of Baisha County,Lezhong Farm of Ledong County,Ji angbian Township of Dongfang city were selected as malaria monitoring sites.Blood examination of feverish cases was conduct ed and IFA test of primary school pupils was carried out.In addition,individual malaria cases and the transmission vectors were also surveyed.Results From 2006 to 2010,there were 362,310,211,95 and 19 malaria cases were reported,respective ly in five malaria monitoring sites.Blood examination rates of febrile patients were 18.24%,19.72%,12.83%,11.80% and 15.32%,respectively.Parasite positive rates of feverish cases in five malaria monitoring sites from 2006 to 2010.were 3.07%,2.31%,1.43%,0.41% and 0.01%,respectively,There were 1745 malaria cases investigated in five malaria monitoring sites.There were 1137 malaria cases were diagnosed by township hospital,accounting for 65.16% of the total cases and 581 cases were diagnosed by village doctors accounting for 33.30% of the total cases.Conclusion It was necessary to intensify the sur veillance of malaria and enhance the capability of township doctors in diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases.


Existing literature in the field of school counseling discusses how technology may be used for service delivery; however, the translation of this knowledge to practice among school counselors has been minimally examined. Three hundred eighty-one school counselors in Colorado, Iowa, and New York completed a survey regarding their comfort with and use of technology. Findings indicate that the majority of those surveyed were very comfortable with technology. Implications for school counselors are presented.


Reconfigurable processors are an emerging alternative to the increasing complex and fixed ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) approach: they contain hardware resources that are not pre-allocated to the execution of pre-defined functions, but instead can be configured with some logic commands. This communication shows the main differences between the traditional processor architecture and the reconfigurable processor, with some reference to their internal organization, performances, compatibility and to companies that are pursuing this novel approach. This communication also points out the motivations behind the current availability of commercial reconfigurable processors.


1. Conductive electrode system (1) for storing electrical energy with an aqueous electrolyte solution comprising a metal current collector (3) and an active agent (7), wherein said metal current collector (3) comprises a protective conductor layer (5) disposed between said a metal current collector (3) and said active substance (7), wherein said protective conductor layer (5) comprises: - from 30 to 85 wt% based on the dry substance copolymer matrix, - from 70 to 15% by weight calculated.. on dry substance of the conductive filler in the dop ying the mass quantity (based on solids) of the copolymer so that 100% was obtained in the amount of .2. The conductive electrode of claim. 1, characterized in that the metal current collector (3) comprises at least one additional conductive protective layer, a protective conductive layer (5) .3. Conductive electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective conductor layer (5) comprises: - from 50 to 65 wt% based on the dry substance copolymer matrix, - from 50 to 35 wt% based on the dry matter conductive.. filler in addition to the mass number (based on dry matter) of the copolymer so that a sum of 100% was obtained .4. The conductive electrode of Claim. 3, characterized in that said copolymer contains vinyl chloride units and / or vinyl acetate units, and / or carboxylic acid gruppy.5. The conductive electrode of any one of 1, 2 and 4, wherein the matrix copolymer further comprises dobavki.6. The conductive electrode of any one of 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the conductive fillers selected from carbon black and / or graphite and / or carbon nanot


The Athabasca Basin of Western Canada is host to one of the largest uranium endowments in the world with total uranium production exceeding 20% of the global market [1]. This is in effect the result of large-scale physio-chemical processes concentrating 100 times more uranium than bulk continental crustal levels over relatively narrow, albeit uncertain, temporal scales [2, 3]. Current models for U mineralization invoke basin-wide oxidizing uranium-rich fluids infiltrated Athabasca Basin sediment cover until a redox barrier – such as reducing fluids derived from reactivated basement shear zones (BSZ) – induced uranium precipitation ca. 1.6-1.4 billion years ago [3, 4]. Athabasca BSZ, which are structurally associated with graphitic ± pyritic assemblages, likely predate uranium mineralization by several hundred million years (5). Yet, despite playing an integral part in the genesis of the Athbasca uranium deposits, the formation and fluid-flow histories of these deep-seated faults have yet to be critically examined. Here we present preliminary Re-Os pyrite geochronological evidence delimiting the timing of fluid flow from the Maybelle River Shear Zone on the westerly flanks of the Athabasca Basin of Alberta, Canada. Our Re-Os ages document the timing of pyrite formation to ca. 1.9 Ga, late in the Taltson orogeny, which predates peak uranium mineralization by 200-300 Ma [5]. Temporally correlating these two events provides a mechanistic answer to the formation of this, and similar, structural conduits associated with world-class uranium deposits, such as those found in the Athabasca Basin. More broadly, our preliminary findings provide a novel way for tracking the timing of fluid flow in graphitic shear zones.


Nanotechnology is emerging as a rapidly growing field with is application in science and technology for the purpose of manufacturing new materials at the nanoscale level. The recent development and implementation of new technologies have led to new era, the nanoparticle of bio molecules in plants can acts as capping and reducing agents and they have investigated in order to find an ecofriendly techniques for production of well characterized. The present investigation was carried out to green synthesis of Agno3 nano particles by using the medicinal plant of T.asiatica. They were synthesized by mixing ethanol extracts and 1mM of agno3, the formation of nanopaticles was monitored by visualizing color changes and it was confirmed by UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, PSA, ZP the result of various techniques confirmed the presence Agno3 nanoparticls.


A novel region-based adaptive anisotropic diffusion (RAAD) is presented for image enhancement and denoising. The main idea of this algorithm is to perform the region-based adaptive segmentation. To this end, we use the eigenvalue difference of the structure tensor of each pixel to classify an image into homogeneous detail, and edge regions. Ac- cording to the different types of regions, a variable weight is incorporated into the anisotropic diffusion partial differential equation for compromising the forward and backward diffusion, so that our algorithm can adaptively encourage strong smoothing in homogeneous regions and suitable sharp- ening in detail and edge regions. Furthermore, we present an adaptive gradient threshold selection strategy. We suggest that the optimal gradient threshold should be estimated as the mean of local intensity differences on the homogeneous regions. In addition, we modify the anisotropic diffu- sion discrete scheme by taking into account edge orientations. We believe our algorithm to be a novel mechanism for image enhancement and de- noising. Qualitative experiments, based on various general digital images and several T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance simulated images, show significant improvements when the RAAD algorithm is used versus the existing anisotropic diffusion and the previous forward and backward diffusion algorithms for enhancing edge features and improving image contrast. Quantitative analyses, based on peak signal-to-noise ratio, the universal image quality index, and the structural similarity confirm the su- periority of the proposed algorithm. C 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation


An evaluation of tensile, creep, hot hardness, fabrication. and corrosion data for Nb-V and Nb-Zr alloys was made to assess the merits and limitations of each alloy system for possible use as structural components of boiling water reactors. Niobium-vanadium alloys possessed far superior creep properties, equivalent tensile and hardness properties at elevated temperature, and superior corrosion behavior in high-temperature steam and water. With the exception of a higher neutron capture cross section. Nb-V alloys appeared to offer better potential for conditions existing in boiling water reactors. (auth)


In this study, we present a polarization-multiplexed, erbium-doped dual-comb fiber laser based on an all-polarization-maintaining cavity configuration. We observed that the dual-comb fiber laser easily realized the self-starting mode-locking operation due to the non-linear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) with a non-reciprocal phase shifter. Furthermore, owing to the sharing of the NALM part, the two outputs from this laser configuration had similar center wavelengths, with small different repetition rates (∆f rep). In the free-running operation, the standard deviation of relative stability for Δf rep of 2.09 kHz was measured to be 1.59 Hz, and the full width at half-maximum of the relative beat note between the two frequency combs in the optical frequency domain was approximately 1 kHz. These results show that the two frequency combs from this laser configuration have high relative stability and mutual coherence.


We calculate the α s corrections to the form factors which parameterize the hadronic tensor relevant for inclusive semileptonic B → Xτ ν τ and Λ b → Xτ ν τ decays. We apply our results to the double differential decay rates for the decays of B mesons and polarized Λ b baryons to polarized τ leptons, presenting them in terms of one-dimensional integrals. Formulas appropriate for insertion into a Monte-Carlo simulation are presented.


The use of inorganic fertilizers has an important role in increasing plant growth and production. But it also causes various problems such as decreasing soil organic matter, soil acidity, soil degradation, nutrient imbalance and increasing environmental pollution. Therefore, it needs to be balanced with the provision of organic fertilizers. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of application of various doses of inorganic and organic fertilizers on N, P, K nutrient uptake and maize plant growth. The experimental design used was a randomized block design arranged in a factorial manner consisting of two factors. The first factor is the dose of inorganic fertilizer (A): 0, 150 and 300 kg ha-1 phonska and the second factor is organic fertilizer plus (P): 0, 10, 20 tons ha-1. The two factors were combined and each treatment combination was repeated three times. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance at the 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was no interaction between the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on the growth and nutrient uptake of N, P and K. However, the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on all tested agronomic traits except for plant height. Nutrient uptake of N, P and K also increased significantly due to the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. The balance of inorganic and organic fertilizer application increases the availability of nutrients as well as the uptake of N, P, and K nutrients by maize plants.


Probably no other recent movement has gained greater momentum in educational fields than has that of developing the r6le of the principal as supervisor of instruction. Originally the duties of the school head were chiefly concerned with the managerial tasks of regulating the school plant. As time went on, however, it was discovered that, even though the principal executed these administrative duties faithfully and efficiently, the products of the school were often unsatisfactory and disappointing. It became plainly evident that there was a need for someone to supervise the instructional activities as well as to look after these other types of work. The task of improving instruction was therefore added to the duties of the school head, and many of his former tasks were delegated to other persons, such as an assistant principal, a clerk, or the business manager of the school system. Back of this movement was the deepseated conviction that the supreme duty of every good principal is to* counsel, guide, instruct, and train his corps of teachers in order to effect the highest possible development of the group of children intrusted to his particular school. It is needless to add, however, that many principals at the present time are still falling far short of achieving this very worthy goal. Eventually the supervision of instruction assumed such importance that skilled specialists were appointed to supervise the different school subjects. While this was a highly desirable and necessary measure, in many cases it caused those principals who were attempting to assume supervisory responsibilities to relax somewhat in their efforts to improve instruction in their respective buildings and to turn over their responsibility in such matters to the supervisor, thus tending, to a certain extent, to let their work revert to the managerial duties of the school head of former times. As a matter of fact,


An investigation has been conducted for the development of an organic formulated in the indigo dyeing of natural fibers, which is friendly to the environment, and with zero impact on health and dyers. The research reported here found that it is possible to dye fiber fabrics 100% cotton with entirely organic process, where the components of the formulation are natural products that cause no adverse impact to the environment, as follows: wheat bran and reducing agents molasses and hydrated lime agent alkalinity control. As seen below, the ideal parameters were established in the concentration of each of the components: minimum size of the bath, by mixing the components, protocols fermentation processes and dyeing. The results showed that dyeing with established organic formulated dyed fabrics are 100% cotton with good fastness to washing and rubbing, with very little bleeding after overage fabrics indigo dye. Realidad y Reflexion Year 12, No.36, September-December 2012: 43-67


A relation between the limiting viscosity number [η] and the weight average molecular weight of polyethyleneimine (PEI) is proposed. Special care was taken to suppress the marked polyelectrolytic character of PEI in water for both viscometric and light-scattering measurements. For these measurements various fractions were isolated in three different ways from some commercially available PEI′s, all having broad molecular weight distributions. To obtain an impression of the molecular weight distribution of the resulting fractions, some osmotic measurements to obtain the number average molecular weight and some ultra-centrifuge runs were performed.


According to the difficult problem of the gas concentration easy over limit in the upper corner of the U type ventilation in the underground mine,an analytical method was applied to study on the air leakage field of the U type ventilation and the air flow filed caused by the pipeline gas drainage.In combination with the parameters of No.A504 coal mining face in No.2 Mine inclined shaft,the Fluent software was applied to the simulation of the gas control effect of the upper corner sealing only and the combined pipeline gas drainage in the upper corner sealing.The results showed that the gas control effect of the upper corner sealing was limited and the combined effect of the upper corner sealing and the pipeline gas drainage in the goaf would be the basic measure to control the gas concentration over limit in the upper corner of the U type ventilation.


This paper presents a grid interfacing inverter which compensates power quality problems and also interface Renewable Energy Sources with the help of electric grid. Renewable Energy Sources are being increasingly connected in distribution system utilizing power electronic converters. Grid interfacing inverter can be used: 1) To improve the transfer of active power harvested from RES; 2) To meet load reactive power demand support ; 3) To reduce current harmonics by incorporating the current harmonic compensator at point of common coupling(PCC) ; 4) current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. The fuzzy logic can be used in many applications especially, when the process/models are complex to analyse by using classical methods. Mainly fuzzy logic controller is used to control DC capacitor voltage. Simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the performance of the controller. The output shows the controller has fast dynamic response high accuracy of tracking DC voltage reference and robust to load parameters variations. IndexTerms— Active Power Filter,Distribution generation, fuzzy logic controller.


This innovation is a lightweight, small sensor for inert gases that consumes a relatively small amount of power and provides measurements that are as accurate as conventional approaches.


A lightweight robot has been built with the aim of testing advanced control algorithms and demonstrating the engineering feasibility of flexible arm control. The robot is a planar two-link manipulator, with revolute joints and a very flexible forearm. A description of this laboratory facility is given, including mechanical structure, actuators and sensors, and interface electronics. A nonlinear dynamic model of the robot is given, in which link deflection is expressed in terms of orthonormal mode shapes of the associated eigenvalue problem. Simple control algorithms are presented, which are composed of a model-based feedforward term plus a linear feedback. These controllers have been implemented for joint trajectory tracking, and comparative experimental results are reported and discussed.<<ETX>>


Each year between 40,000 and 50,000 people die in highway accidents. Mandatory seatbelt use laws (MULs) promise a substantial reduction in both highway fatalities and the severity of non-fatal accidents. A pooled cross-section time-series model is constructed to estimate the effectiveness of MULs in the nine states and District of Columbia where they were implemented in 1985. It is estimated that because of MULs 258 lives were saved in 1985.


The article considers the practical significance of using a gabion structure on a slope section of a highway, modeled the construction conditions, calculated the design according to the accounting documentation based on the GEO5 program. The demand for the use of such structures in the design and construction of roads as engineering protection structures is noted.


A regional study of Puget Sound and adjacent waters, in Washington State, provided comprehensive information for use in planning of small boat harbors and other facilities required by pleasure boaters. This study included: an inventory of existing facilities and shoreline; measurement of marine facility demand by a questionnaire survey; comparison of demand with existing facilities to determine needs for additional facilities and projections of needs to 1980, 2000, and 2020. The paper displays a systematic approach towards the measurement of boater demand, both of quality and quantity, thus providing techniques for use by planners seeking to plan and develop facilities for pleasure boating.


The objective of the study was to develop construction techniques and determine the application uniformities of a bamboo low-cost micro irrigation lateral system. Fresh bamboo stalks were sorted, dried and bored. The system's three 4 m long laterals made of bamboo tube with an average internal diameter of 1.7 mm were connected to a bamboo mainline pipe with an average diameter of 3 mm which receives water from the plastic reservoir. The mean flow rate of 5.91 litres per hour through about 1.9 mm diameter emitters falls within the acceptable discharge range for micro irrigation systems. A systems performance assessment based on standards for microirrigation systems was carried out. Average discharge variations, coefficient of manufacturing variation, emission uniformity, Christiansen coefficient of uniformity and distribution efficiency were 30%, 9.8%, 73%, 92% and 88%, respectively from the 1.9 mm emitter orifice fall within the recommended values for micro-irrigation systems. Method of orificing and cleansing of emitters should be improved upon, so as to reduce the flow rate variations in the emitters.


The term 'Workers' Councils' can perhaps stand as a catchall title for an unpremeditated, quasi-spontaneous, 'groundup' organisational form reproduced over many periods and across many countries by groups of workers previously unaware of such a structure or of its historical precedents. Its highest form the Soviet, its 'lowest' the simple workplace representatives' committee, this formation recurs time and again in situations of major class struggle and even everyday industrial conflict.


This paper presents a series of topics in international trade theory and how they can be implemented using GAMS. The paper will be updated periodically as new topics are completed.


Decision makers and Managers of Complex Organizations would benefit from an anticipatory tool capable of supporting them in their task to develop and maintain sustainable or viable organisations. The Anticipatory Modelling and Computing Decision Support Prototype (ADP) is designed and tested to meet that demand. ADP is geared toward fuzzy or soft decision support and is based on an continuously adaptive and learning system model, which is developed and maintained by systemic modeling. In ADP Exploratory, Prescriptive and Preventive anticipation are identified and new system states are computed by Interval based Weighted Hyperincursion (IWH).


An approach to investigate boundary-layer effects in wedges of piezoelectric laminated structures is presented with the aim of ascertaining the electromechanical response characteristics. The wedge layer behavior is described in terms of generalized stress functions, which lead to a model consisting of a set of three coupled partial differential equations. The strength of the solution singularity is determined by solving the eigenvalue problem associated with the resolving system. The solution of the model is obtained by an eigenfunction expansion method coupled with a boundary collocation technique. Correspondingly, the singularity amplitude is assessed by introducing and calculating the generalized stress intensity factors. The application of the approach to the free edge analysis of four-layer PZT-4 composite piezoelectric laminates is presented. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the method efficiency and the characteristic features of the electromechanical response.


With a few exceptions, Hemingway's biographers have discounted his interest in and understanding of politics. In his foreword to Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story, Carlos Baker summarizes many of the paradoxical, even contradictory, aspects of his complex subject, calling him politically a "fierce individualist . . . who believed that that government is best which governs least." In his intellectual inventory of Hemingway in By Force of Will, Scott Donaldson follows suit, finding the consistent pattern of his political stance to be "the ideas of conservative Republicanism," deeply distrustful of big government and jealous of the autonomy of the individual person. "Basically bored with politics" according to the biography by Jeffrey Meyers, Hemingway responded to the call of the left in the 1930s in a "half-hearted" way with To Have and Have Not, which represents "only a token commitment to the class struggle." Kenneth Lynn's Hemingway brings a neoconservative as well as psychoanalytical perspective to the life and works, arguing that his political naivete allowed Hemingway to become a communist dupe. James Mellow's recent Hemingway: A Life without Consequences, discussing the writer's relationship to the communist magazine New Masses, characterizes his political stance as that of "an individualist first and liberal second."


The preferred route of administration for most Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) is orally due to ease of administration, improved patient adherence and reduced complexity required to manufacture oral solid dosage forms compared with alternative drug delivery systems. Factors which may preclude oral administration of APIs include poor bioavailability resulting from poor solubility and/or permeability, poor stability and degradation during gastric transit, as well as the therapeutic site and method of action. Examples of common oral solid dosage forms include tablets, capsules, beads, orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) and lozenges, all of which involve compounding the required quantity of the API (the dose) with one or more excipients. The range of excipients available to the formulator is truly diverse; however, excipients are, in general, intended to be pharmacologically inert whilst conferring advantageous physical properties to the formulation, facilitating its ability to safely and reliably deliver the API to the therapeutic site of action. Excipients are only included within a formulation if there is suitable justification to do so. In general, the selection of an excipient is based on the dose, type of drug product, physicochemical properties, chemical compatibility with the API, route of delivery, administration frequency, interactions with other formulation components, method of manufacture, processability and the container or closure system. This chapter aims to describe the scientific rationale behind the selection of common excipients used to manufacture oral solid dosage forms.


Materials are often the key to technological advancement. To remain competitive and create new markets, modern heat treating industries must utilize these technological advances to increase production and process efficiencies. These challenges are frequently met by increasing process temperatures and minimizing down time for maintenance and unscheduled repairs. This requirement has frequently been a challenge in the past since an increase in the process temperature typically results in a decrease in the life of the furnace fixtures and components. Nickel aluminide intermetallic alloys, based on the Ni{sub 3}Al composition and structure, are a new class of materials for use in the heat treating industries. These alloys provide excellent strength at elevated temperatures combined with very good resistance to carburization (in reducing and oxidizing environments) and high temperature oxidation. The mechanical and physical properties of cast nickel aluminide alloys are presented and compared to other commercially available cast and wrought heat resistant alloys. The advances in the development of these alloys are also discussed.


The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical use of an Alexandrite laser lithotripter for intracorporeal lithotripsy of urinary calculi.


We investigate a novel InAlAs avalanche photodiode with double p-field control layers, which effectively eliminates the potential barrier between InGaAs absorption and InAlAs avalanche layers. The fabricated APD exhibits a low onset gain required for future optical fiber communications systems. A large 3-dB bandwidth of 22 GHz is maintained with a low gain of 2.8 for an APD with 100-nm avalanche-layer, and a GB product of 235 GHz is also achieved.


The paper discusses a new algorithm for the noise analysis of a linear multiport network. The circuit may include any kind of passive components introducing thermal noise only, and any number of two-port devices described by the usual four noise parameters. On output, the algorithm produces the correlation matrix of the Norton equivalent noise current sources at the network ports. The approach is suitable for implementation into any general-purpose microwave circuit design program.


The invention relates to a composite type denim fabric and an after-finishing process. The denim fabric is provided with 16 warp yarn counts and weft yarn counts. The warp yarn counts are wood pulp fibers. The weft yarn branches comprise inner wefts and surface wefts. The surface wefts are full-cotton yarns. The inner wefts are polyester/polyurethane wrapped yarn. The specifications of the surface wefts are 21SC. The specification of the polyester/polyurethane wrapped silk is 150/120D. The weaving ratio of the inner wefts to the surface wefts of the weft yarn branches is 2:1. The after-fishing process comprises a singeing process, a desizing process, a primary preshrinking process and a secondary preshrinking process. The performance of the composite denim fabric is higher than that of all-cotton yarns and that of modal fibers. The composite denim fabric touches soft and smooth; the intensity of the composite denim fabric is increased by 35%-40% than the common bio-short fibers; and spinning efficiency is improved by 20%-30%.


In this paper the harmonic plane decomposition from part I is completed. Multiphase electrical machines with independently controlled stator coils benefit from a fixed amount of current controllers and unified models. In part I, the foundation for such models was laid. This paper shows that the choice of the base case has to fulfill certain criteria to properly represent vector-space quantities. More specifically, phase-pole configurations with an even number of pole pairs need adapted base cases with reduced rank as compared to the odd base case. Continuous modeling and control requires retention of the dimensionality of Clarke matrices. A different number of stator and rotor slots can lead to aliasing in the transformation, when keeping the dimension consistent. Therefore, a specific Clarke transformation for rotor quantities based on the developed theory is elaborated. Finally, it is demonstrated how the harmonic plane decomposition can be used to model each harmonic plane of an arbitrary phase-pole configuration with conventional machine equivalent circuits, e.g. the T-equivalent or inverse-Γ models.


This article develops the economic implications of a head-neck injury tradeoff that underlies the technological limitations of motorcycle helmets as a form of self-insurance. Conditional on this tradeoff, an analysis of the optimal self-insurance decision establishes that mandatory helmet use legislation results in expected welfare losses for a subset of the motorcycling population. These losses are not compensated by other forms of self-insurance expenditures because such expenditures are suboptimal. In the case of increased risk aversion, the model generates standard results for loss reduction activities with known productivities.


In. this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a Boyce-Co$d Normal Form (BCNF) relation scheme to be in Fourth Normal Form (4NF). We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a 4NF relation scheme to be in Projection-Join Normal Form (PJNF). From these results, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a BCNF relation scheme to be in PJNF. In addition, we give a less stringent condition for a Third Normal Form (3NF) relation scheme to be in BCNF. Finally, we show that our theorems generalize the results by Date and Fagin (1992).


Objective: To assess cognitive performance as a predictor of noncompletion of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) using a standardized verbal memory test. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (n = 131) entering 1-year outpatient CR between April 2007 and May 2009. Verbal memory performance was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition. Attendance at weekly CR sessions was recorded, and completion or noncompletion was determined according to comprehensive CR criteria. Depression was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria as a possible confounder. Results: Verbal memory performance at entry into CR differed significantly (F(1,130) = 7.80, p =.006) between noncompleters and completers (mean [SD] cumulative California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition, score, −1.15 [2.59] versus 0.47 [3.12]) in analysis of covariance controlling for pertinent clinical confounders. Better verbal memory performance predicted a reduced risk of noncompletion (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77-0.96, p =.009) in time-to-event analysis adjusted for depression (HR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.33-5.17, p =.006) and smoking history (HR = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.98-4.22, p =.06). A post hoc analysis suggested that better verbal memory performance predicted a reduced risk of noncompletion for medical reasons (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70-0.99, p =.03). Conclusions: Poorer verbal memory performance was associated with an increased risk of noncompletion of CR among participants with coronary artery disease. Further studies exploring practical methods for screening and targeted support might improve rehabilitation outcomes.CR = cardiac rehabilitation; CAD = coronary artery disease; MMSE = Mini-Mental Status Examination; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; CVLT-II = California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition; HR = hazard ratio


The authors monitored desert bighorn sheep via satellite telemetry, remote cameras, and track beds between 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the effectiveness of the three design features (underpasses) incorporated to facilitate wildlife movement under State Highway 68 (SR 68) between Kingman and Bullhead City, Arizona. The authors fitted 25 desert bighorn sheep with GPS radio telemetry collars and tracked movements in proximity to SR 68 for 15 months, beginning in November of 2006. To evaluate use of underpasses by all ungulates, the authors installed five remote passive infrared triggered cameras at each underpass. The authors monitored wildlife use at the underpasses for 9,789 camera/days and documented 25 crossing events by desert bighorn sheep (less than or equal to 32 individual crossings). None of the bighorns documented using the underpasses were ewes and no marked ewes crossed SR 68. The majority (88%) of crossings by bighorns occurred at the easternmost underpass (milepost 12.1), which also had the narrowest span and was located in the most rugged terrain. There were three crossings by bighorns at the westernmost underpass (milepost 7.8), which had the widest span and was located far from rugged terrain. No bighorns crossed at the remaining underpass (milepost 10.8), however other ungulates, such as wild burros (86%) and mule deer (14%), were seen more often there. At higher levels, presence of other ungulates and humans may preclude bighorn use of underpasses. While proximity to steep terrain, sight ability, underpass structure, and presence of other animals may all be important factors affecting bighorn use of highway underpasses, placement of crossing structures relative to traditional travel corridors of bighorns is likely the most important factor affecting their use.


Relaxing the social conflict,building and keeping the public system,are the basic goals of the public management.So it is important for the whole society to improve the capability of responding to the public crisis.How to build and keep the system of public crisis management,how to avoid and limit the bad effects which the crisis brings,are full of academic and practical significance to study a series of subjects of public crisis management.


This paper investigates afacility location model with $n$ weighted demand points on aline segment and aplane under acompetitive environment. Customers at ademand point patronize one facility according to the attractiveness and the transportation cost. The smaller the dierence of the location of the facilities, the less the customers distinguish the facilities. Two companies, the leader and the follower establish their facilities by turns in this market to get as much buying power as possible. We formulate the problems to find the optimal location for the follower and for the leader, as amedianoid problem and acentroid problem respectively, and propose asolution procedure to solve them.


Excavations at Tel Reḥov brought to light an assemblage of fish remains, dated to different periods covering almost the entire era of occupation of the site. Most kinds of fish were probably purchased in markets along the Mediterranean coast, including local marine and freshwater fish and also several kinds of fish imported from the Nile and from the hypersaline lagoon of Bardawil. Few fish were imported to Reḥov from the Red Sea. The long-lasting supply of many kinds of fish to Reḥov, together with similar findings in the adjacent Tel Beth-Shean, suggest an organized enterprise of commerce between the Mediterranean coast and the Jordan Valley.


The efficacy of current or any intended antimalarial can only be resolute by cultivation and susceptibility studies. The aim of this research was to cultivate Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and comparing the antiplasmodial effects of standard antimalarial medications including herbaceous preparation. Asymptomatic pupils attending some schools in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria were recruited into this research and blood samples were collected from them. Microscopy was done after thin and thick blood films were prepared and stained. The antiplasmodial activities of antimalarial drugs as well as herbal preparation were determined after the successful culturing of red blood cells in the Jatropha curcas medium.The phytochemical constituents of the herbs that made up the concoction were determined. The incidence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection amongst school kids was 17.5%. There was no statistical association of location, gender and age with the obtained prevalence. Presence of alkaloids was observed in every plant screened while the same was also observed for tannins except in Enantia chloranta.Steroids and phlobatanins were observed in Citrus aurantifolia while there was presence of saponins in all the plant extracts except Cymbopogbon citratus. All the plants except Enantia chloranta contained flavonoids. There was presence of terpenoids in all screened plants except Azadirachta indica and Cymbopogbon citratus while cardiac glycosides were found in every plant except Magnifera indica and Enantia chloranta. Results obtained from the in vitro cultivation of the Plasmodium falciparum with Athemether/lumefanthrine, amodiaquine and herbal concoction showed average percentage parasite inhibition of 80%, 37.8% and 38.6% respectively. This implies that Arthemether/lumefanthrine was capable of inhibiting the growth of the parasite best. The herbal concoction also inhibited growth (38.6% inhibition). There is need for additional investigation on a wider variety of plants to explore their antiplasmodial activities since there is evidence that it works, and it is quite available and affordable.


A hydrologic model and watershed export model was used to estimate the loading of nutrients and total suspended solids from un-gaged local watersheds associated with Lake Texoma. Discharge to the reservoir from local watersheds was predicted using a modification of the curve number method in HEC Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). Event mean concentrations were applied to land use to estimate loadings of nutrients and TSS. Total discharge from the local watersheds was estimated to be 3.02 x 107 cubic meters for a study window of March 1 to May 31, 1997, less than 10 percent of the input to the lake from the Red River and Washita River systems. Loadings were estimated to be 33,553 kg nitrogen, 4,401 kg phosphorus, and 3,423,140 kg TSS. The models and results obtained from their application appear to have potential utility for use in a water quality management decision support system for the reservoir.


This present work treats about the complexity and the use of techniques of creativity in the knowledge management (KM). It presents considerations about the theory of the complexity, knowledge management, world vision and the theory of the parts. It deals with the importance of the complexity in the knowledge management, it seeks to make a connection between the complexity and the knowledge management, exposing about the meaning of the data and of the information in this context. In the final considerations, it emphasises the need of that the organization knows how to abstract the implicit knowledge of its collaborators.


Somatic hybrids between distant species offer a remarkable model to study genomic recombination events after mitochondrial fusion. Recently, our lab described highly chimeric mitogenomes in two somatic hybrids between the Solanaceae Nicotiana tabacum and Hyoscyamus niger resulting from interparental homologous recombination. To better examine the recombination map in somatic hybrid mitochondria, we developed a more sensitive bioinformatic strategy to detect recombination activity based on high-throughput sequencing without assembling the hybrid mitogenome. We generated a new intergeneric somatic hybrid and re-analyzed the two Solanaceae somatic hybrids. We inferred 213 homologous recombination events across repeats of 2.1 kb on average. Most of them (∼80%) were asymmetrical, consistent with the break-induced replication (BIR) pathway. Only rare (2.74%) non-homologous events were detected. Interestingly, independent events frequently occurred in the same regions within and across somatic hybrids, suggesting the existence of recombination hotspots in plant mitogenomes. BIR is the main pathway of interparental recombination in somatic hybrid mitochondria. Likewise, under the fusion compatibility model of mitochondrial horizontal transfer, foreign mitochondria fuse with those in the recipient cell and their genomes likely recombine via BIR, resulting in the integration and/or loss of mitochondrial DNA. Findings of this study are also relevant to mitogenome editing assays. Highlight We show that the chimeric mitochondrial genomes of somatic hybrids result from one of the three described homologous recombination pathways (BIR), mimicking the fusion compatibility model for plant HGT.


A complete series of well‐crystallized solid‐solution oxide films, Sr1−XCaXWO4 (0≤X≤1), has been prepared on a tungsten substrate in the electrolytic solution containing Sr2+ and Ca2+ ions by an electrochemical method at room temperature (25 °C). The composition of solid‐solution oxide films could easily be controlled by the concentrations of Sr and Ca species in the starting solutions. The films showed only single blue emission at liquid nitrogen temperature (−196 °C), strongly suggesting that they consisted of well‐crystallized defect‐free crystals.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Superconducting Proximity Effect in Thin Semiconducting Films MICHAEL VISSERS, KEVIN INDERHEES, TIM MCARDLE, STEPHANIE LAW, PAUL GOLDBART, LAURA GREENE, JIM ECKSTEIN, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign — We report results using a novel 3 terminal device to study the influence of the superconducting proximity effect on the sheet resistance of the N-layer, Rs, as well as the junction conductance across the N-S boundary, Gc. When the N-layer is a degenerate semiconductor the changes in these quantities are large. In samples with large Gc, we find that the N-layer sheet resistance below the SC transition increases as T decreases. We can also extract the actual J-E relationship by modeling the spatial current profile beneath the injector electrode. We interpret these effects as being due to a phase stiff proximity effect in the N layer moving the N-S electrical boundary into the semiconductor as the temperature is lowered, thereby removing volume available to normal transport, and causing the measured Rs to increase. This work was supported by the DOE BES at the F. Seitz Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois, Urbana.


We consider a nonparametric AR(1) model with nonparametric ARCH(1) errors. In order to estimate the unknown function of the ARCH part, we apply the stationary bootstrap procedure, which is characterized by geometrically distributed random length of bootstrap blocks and has the advantage of capturing the dependence structure of the original data. The proposed method is composed of four steps: the first step estimates the AR part by a typical kernel smoothing to calculate AR residuals, the second step estimates the ARCH part via the Nadaraya-Watson kernel from the AR residuals to compute ARCH residuals, the third step applies the stationary bootstrap procedure to the ARCH residuals, and the fourth step defines the stationary bootstrapped Nadaraya-Watson estimator for the ARCH function with the stationary bootstrapped residuals. We prove the asymptotic validity of the stationary bootstrap estimator for the unknown ARCH function by showing the same limiting distribution as the Nadaraya-Watson estimator in the second step.


OBJECTIVE To provide an effective management mode of antisepsis for dental handpiece in dental(hospital) where a system called "one handpiece for one patient" is supposed to be found.METHODS Development and(running) mode of Antisepsis Center for Dental Handpiece were reviewed and function of the Center was(evaluated).(RESULTS) It was found that working process in the outpatient department could be simplified and much labor saved by maintain,antisepsis and refixation for dental handpiece in a wholesale mode.Furthermore,working efficiency and financial benefit of the dental hospital be greatly improved in this mode.CONCLUSIONS Antiseptic quality for dental handpiece is guaranteed by a standardized and programmed sterilization process in the Antisepsis Center for Dental(Handpiece).Management for handpiece in a wholesale mode is quite practicable and scientific.


In order to apply Fe-Co films with high saturation magnetization to a recording head together with a nano-composite film magnet, a lot of researchers demonstrated the deposition of Fe-Co films by using several methods such as a sputtering together with an electro-deposition. This contribution reports the preparation of Fe-Co films by using a PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition) method. We focused on the relationship between various properties and a spot size of laser beam. It was clarified that a small spot size with the diameter less than 1 mm, which means that a laser beam was focused on the surface of a target, enabled us to decrease the numbers of droplets and improve the surface roughness of samples. We also confirmed that a Fe71Co29 film with the magnetization of approximately 2.4 T at the applied magnetic field of 1400 kA/m could be obtained by using the small spot size.


Background: Blood pressure (BP) measurement is the most common investigation performed nearly on all patients' for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Accuracy of the measurement device is crucial for timely diagnosis.However, sphygmomanometer requires medical expertise whereas automated oscillometric device needs only careful observations in measuring BP.Aims and Objectives: The objective of the present study is to determinethe comparative accuracy of mercury sphygmomanometer and automated oscillometric device of measuring BP and the limit of agreement between the two devices.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study designed and carried out at MGM Medical College, Indore among 438 normal individuals. Age, weight, height, body mass index, history and BP were recorded. An average of three recording of BP measurement by both the devices was used.Results: Out of a total, 52.3% were male and 47.7% were female. Average SBP (130.78±17.31 mmHg) and DBP (86.96±10.26 mmHg) measured by automated instrument were significantly elevated than SBP (126.32±13.47 mmHg) and DBP (81.70±8.63 mmHg) by mercury sphygmomanometer while the mean differences in SBP and DBP (5.16±4.40 and 5.57±3.30 mmHg) were statistically significant (p=0.000). Hypertension reported in more patients with automated (79.0%) compared to sphygmomanometer (76.0%). Bland-Altman plots indicated a positive linear trend for BP readings between two instruments. Differences were more in SBP reading than DBP within three categories. Measurement of agreement indicated strong statistically significant (p=0.000) mutual agreement between the rate of judging hypertension by two apparatuses. The coefficient of determination for SBP (R2=0.95) and DBP (R2=0.87) were very high when manual readings compared to automated.Conclusion: Present research suggests that BP readings obtained by automated and sphygmomanometer is comparable however as compared to mercury sphygmomanometer ocillometric device gives slightly higher readings of SBP. Looking towards the simplicity of measurement and freedom from environmental toxicity automated ocillometricdevice may be recommended as a primary tool for early detection and management of high BP.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 17-24


doubt that any successful enterprise must have shared goals, ideals, and tastes that transcend mere money-making. I also have no doubt that the best way to make profits is to convince employees to share management's fidelity to these higher concerns. Thus I see no power of these alternative theories to refute the conventional view. As for the ability of these theories to enhance our understanding of cyclical unemployment, I think they are worse than useless. I can think of no substantive issue for which they are even slightly helpful. Examples of what I take to be substantive questions are: Why was unemployment higher in 1982 than in 1965? Why has black teen-age unemployment doubled? Why has the return to going to college in terms of decreased unemployment gone up since 1973? Why has the traditional male-female pattern of unemployment changed recently? These models may have something to say about why reductions in aggregate labor input fall disproportionately on that small fraction of the labor force that reports itself as unemployed. However, this is hardly the biggest puzzle in macroeonomics and there are other alternative explanations for the relative lack of work sharing. The big question continues to be the sources of fluctuations in aggregate demand for labor. These efficiency wage theories do not suggest any new candidates for aggregate disturbances. Their relevance in macroeconomic dynamics appears confined to perhaps explaining some propagation mechanism of cycles and possibly explaining their persistence, but the model that formally develops this intuition has yet to be written.