....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER II CEREMONY AND IDENTITY-CANNIBALISM .................................... 5 CHAPTER III HOUSE MADE OF DAWN AND DESTRUCTIVE INTEGRATION .. 17 CHAPTER IV – POSTHUMAN HEALING IN CEREMONY AND HOUSE MADE OF DAWN ............................................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... 28 WORKS CITED ............................................................................................................... 30


Analyzes the contemporary operations and goals of the Federal Reserve, with particular attention to the present continuing state of recession and the role that monetary policy may or may not have played in its development.


2010 Japanese Dermatological Association 4 months prior. Physical examination revealed a 1 cm · 4 cm-sized, erythematous patch on the central forehead with slight deviation to the left (Fig. 1). The surface was smooth, soft and supple without signs of induration. She denied previous trauma history, including manipulation of the site and did not apply any topical medication before. There was no family history of a similar condition. She was otherwise healthy. Suspecting acquired port-wine stain (PWS) and acquired unilateral nevoid telangiectasia (AUNT), we initially treated her with V-beam pulsed dye laser (Candela, Irvine, CA, USA) (595 nm, 7-mm spot size, pulse width of 10 msec, fluence of 10 J ⁄cm, 30 msec duration, 30 msec delay). After two sessions of treatment and minimal improvement, we decided on a skin biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.


. We provide traces for coHochschild homology, dualizing the Hattori-Stallings trace. Considering the trace of the identity, we define traces between coHochschild homology and certain K -theories of coalgebras. We employ bicategorical methods of Ponto to show that coHochschild homology is a shadow. Consequently, we obtain that coHochschild homology is Morita-Takeuchi invariant.


Ocean bottom sediment type is a key parameter in understanding physical processes such as sediment transport and object burial as well as acoustic processes such as propagation and backscatter. However, direct methods such as coring and grab samples are time-consuming and coverage limited. The analysis of normal-incidence echo sounding has proven to be a reliable technique for certain frequency ranges. For this method, a clear understanding of the physical processes such as scattering and reflection is critical. For higher coverage, the normal-incidence echo sounder technique can be applied to through-the-sensor measurements. This is attractive since it requires no additional equipment particularly important to autonomous underwater vehicle operations. However, through-the-sensor measurements have the additional complications of understanding hardware and signal processing algorithms that were not specifically designed for sediment characterization or normal-incidence echo sounding. In this talk, measurem...


&NA; This article describes the use of the 10 identified generic abilities and associated behavioral criteria for teaching professional behaviors to physical therapist students in the classroom and during advisory sessions. Also described is a participant‐centered problem‐solving process for addressing professional behaviors that need improvement. The generic abilities provide the framework for students to self‐assess their professional behaviors in the classroom with assistance and feedback from the professor. The generic abilities and the participant‐centered problem‐solving process provide tools for the student and the academic coordinator of clinical education to collaboratively develop objectives that specifically address the student's pro‐fessional behaviors. The use of these tools in the classroom and during proactive advising promotes the development of professional behaviors as preparation for the clinical experience.


Our research team is developing a 6-DOF manipulator that is adequate for the narrow workspace of press forming processes. This paper addresses the task sequence optimization methods for the manipulator to minimize the task-finishing time. First, a kinematic model of the manipulator is presented, and the anticipated times for moving among the task locations are computed. Then, a mathematical model of the task sequence optimization problem is presented, followed by a comparison of three meta-heuristic methods to solve the optimization problem: an ant colony system, simulated annealing, and a genetic algorithm. The simulation shows that the genetic algorithm is robust to the parameter settings and has the best performance in both minimizing the task-finishing time and the computing time compared to the other methods. Finally, the algorithms were implemented and validated through a simulation using Mathworks' Matlab and Coppelia Robotics' V-REP (virtual robot experimentation platform).


Recently, eXplicit Control Protocol (XCP), Rate Control Protocol (RCP), and Adaptive Proportional-Integral Rate Control Protocol (API-RCP) have been proposed for congestion control, with the main objective of achieving fair and maximum bandwidth utilization. However, studies reveal that both RCP and XCP may suffer continuous oscillations due to misestimating the bottleneck link capacity, and API-RCP may experience oscillations because of its PI adaptivity scheme which involves switching nonlinearity. To avoid these problems, in this paper a way of designing congestion control based on the instantaneous queue sizes in the routers is proposed. The new scheme attains high link utilization and smooth dynamics by clamping the bottleneck queue at a desired size. And it maintains good fairness by allocating the bottleneck bandwidth equally to the competing flows. Simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical design.


Scytosiphon lomentaria used in the present study were collected in the coast of Dalian from March to May in 2006. After being dried in shade,the mature thalli bearing plurilocular gametangia were immersed into sterile seawater to discharge the gametes. The released gametes were settled and developed into crusts. Filaments and blades were germinated from the surface of crusts by cell division at 20 ℃ and 15 ℃ . The cultured blade were developed into filaments by dehiscing in its apical axis. The bottom cells of the prostrate filaments gave rise to crusts strongly adherent to the substratum. The other cells continued to develop and became knotted by transverse and longitudinal divisions. The knotted structures that had prostrate growth also formed crusts. The crusts derived from the filaments produced unilocular sporangia at 15 ℃ and 10 ℃ . The mature unilocular sporangia released zoospores after being semi-dried. The zoospores developed into erect tubular germlings in cultures. The results showed that there existed another two cycles in crustose stage of Scytosiphon lomentaria. One cycle was from crusts to filaments to crusts. The other one was from crusts to blades to filaments to crusts. The two cycles gave two new ways in producing crusts,which only gained by the generating of gametes or zygotes formerly. For the filaments were easily and quickly propagated and the crusts were fleetly formed by the knocked structures,the filaments were excised into fragments to produce crusts,which could produce unilocular sporangia. After the released zoospores were seeded on the vinylon ropes,seedlings were gained by indoor culture. This was the new way for the artificial seeding of Scytosiphon lomentaria.


INTRODUCTION Few may be aware that the Allinson whose name appears on the wrappers of loaves of bread and packets of flour was once a Licenciate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (Figure 1). Indeed, the name of Thomas Richard Allinson (Figure 2) has been almost completely forgotten in medical circles, but during the last decade of the nineteenth century he was a well-known and controversial figure. His views on health and the treatment of disease, as well as his commercial practices, led him into years of conflict with the Victorian establishment, including this College, the General Medical Council and the Courts of Law. He was struck off the Medical Register and spent many years unsuccessfully seeking re-instatement through the courts. His case created for the first time a clear legal definition of 'infamous professional conduct'. And, of course, he made flour and bread.


This study investigates some of the demographic processes (recruitment, mortality, fragmentation and fission) which cause spatial heterogeneity in coral reefs. Permanent quadrats at four sites (separated by 100s to 1000s of metres) on the reef crest at Lizard Island were photographed approximately every three months for 33 months. The total number of colonies, percent cover and composition of corals showed no substantial changes over 33 months but differed markedly among sites. The total abundance and percent cover of corals varied two- to threefold among sites. Species composition differed among sites, but Acroporids dominated the composition of assemblages at all four sites. Three of the sites had similar species composition, dominated by A cropora hyacinthus, but the fourth was characterised by a suite of species that were rare at other sites.

Recruitment was an important process influencing differences among sites in total abundance and composition of corals. More than 3000 sexual recruits were detected in 80 m² over two years. Rates of recruitment differed by twofold among sites, and species composition also differed. The abundance and composition of recruits were closely correlated with the abundance and composition of established assemblages. Three sites had similar composition of recruits, while the fourth site was distinguished by species that were rare elsewhere.

Post-recruitment mortality also played an important role in determining relative abundances of species at a site. Fewer than 25% of recruits survived over two years (< 25%). Rates of mortality differed by twofold among sites and exaggerated differences among sites established by recruitment. There was no evidence of density-dependent mortality during the two years of the study; survival of recruits was not correlated with density or cover of established colonies, nor with density of recruits. Survival of recruits differed fourfold among species, ranging from 13% for Montipora spp. to 52% for Pocillopora damicornis. The three most abundant species on the reef crest, A. hyacinthus, A. gemmifera and P. verrucosa, all had high rates of recruit survival (45% over 2 years).

Mortality of colonies already established at the start of the study also differed among sites. Mortality was significantly greater at one site (71%) than at the other three (53 - 56%). Survival of established colonies differed fivefold among species. Robust and/or large species (A. gemmifera, P. eydouxi, A. monticulosa, A. cuneata and A. hyacinthus) had > 60% survival, while smaller, more delicate species had lower (< 30%) survival (e.g. Montipora spp, A. nobilis).

Colonisation of bare substratum on the reef crest by fragments is apparently uncommon, but can occur for some species. Over 423 fragments were detected in the quadrats over 33 months, but 90% died or moved out of the quadrats at all sites. Ninety-one percent of fragments were Acroporids. Fragments of A. hyacinthus had the highest survival, with 19% of fragments still alive after 12 months. Fragments of A. nana and A. nobilis had greater rates of mortality, with 5% and 8%, respectively, still alive after 12 months.

Local abundances of some species (e.g. A. monticulosa, A. robusta) may have been enhanced by fission, but daughter colonies of the majority of common species on the reef crest did not survive. Fission of colonies occurred frequently (7.2 daughter colonies.m⁻².yr⁻¹) and in all taxonomic groups. There was a tenfold difference among sites in the number of daughter colonies produced by fission which was related to the species composition of assemblages at each site. Survival of daughter colonies differed by more than 25-fold among species, with daughter colonies of A. monticulosa, A. gemmifera, Ponies sp and A. robusta all with survival greater than 20% over 2 years.

In summary, differences among sites in numerical abundance and composition were largely determined by recruitment, but differential mortality among sites and species was also important. The study clearly illustrated that coral communities differed greatly in both structure and dynamics among sites on the reef crest. For this reason, a general understanding of the processes important in shaping assemblages of corals is dependent on quantifying both spatial and temporal variation in these processes.


By considering a spin dependence for the correlation function, the thermodynamic properties of normal liquid 3He have been investigated by employing a lowest order constrained variational approach. It is seen that the spin-singlet state has a smaller contribution in the potential energy of normal liquid 3He with respect to the spin-triplet state. It is seen that at high temperatures, the free energy of normal liquid 3He in cases of spin-dependent and spin-independent correlation functions are nearly identical. The equations of state of these two cases are nearly similar too.


The problem of finding all intersecting combinations of valves in the technology section of the pipeline. Closing valves secant combination results in an overlap area of the process stream at that might cause an accident. Technological scheme of the site is represented in the form of a graph – a graph of the technological scheme (GTS). CTS is given a list of edges. The vertices of the graph are the branching point of pipelines and some technological systems, such as tank farms. The edges of the segments are the pipelines with valves and (or) check valve, pump stations. CTS is a connected graph. To test the possibility of overlap flow algorithm for constructing a connected graph by the «core and shell» for open valve. In the process of building a connected graph is determined by the direction in which it is possible for the fluid from the source to the drain – induced by the direction and the degree of each vertex. To reduce the number of analyzed variants performed «compression» of the graph of the technological scheme by replacing one equivalent edge with one-engine equivalent of an elementary circuit and a group of parallel chains. Generating analyzed combinations of valves is done by the «breadth-first search with a cut-off», which also allows you to drastically reduce the number of combinations analyzed. Operational control shut-off is based on the current status of all valves technological area. If the list of cross-sections of combinations is at least one combination of all valves which according to the operational king are not open, then the system generates a report of a possible overlap flow.


This study examines the role of higher order moments in the returns of four important metals, aluminium, copper, gold and silver, using the asymmetric GARCH (AGARCH) model with a conditional skewed generalized-t (SGT) distribution. Implications of higher order moments in metal returns are evaluated by comparing the performances of conditional value-at-risk measures obtained from the AGARCH models with SGT distributions to those obtained from the AGARCH models with normal and student-t distributions. With the exception of gold, the AGARCH model with the SGT distribution appears to have the best fit for all metals examined.


Introduction: The problem of adaptive compression implies the need for operational analysis (classification) of the compressed data in order to select the most efficient compression algorithm and set its optimal parameters. Classifying data by functional features does not take into account the compression of the measurement information, so classification on the base of statistical properties should be considered more appropriate. Purpose: We estimate the prospects of compression algorithms which take into account statistical and autocorrelation properties of telemetry data. Results: Studying the distribution histograms of the raw data and its differential view has shown that a large dynamic range does not allow you to efficiently solve the problem of non-stationary data compression, but for stationary data you can predict a sufficiently high compression efficiency. The studies of one-dimensional and two-dimensional autocorrelation functions of various telemetry data types suggest that the most efficient compression algorithms can be those which take into account the correlations between references of a single telemetry frame and between different frames of a data flow. The studies have shown that the most promising algorithms represent a telemetry frame in a difference-bit form, taking into account the way in which data from separate sources merge into telemetry frames. We proposed basic principles of a compression method based on repeated delta encoding of the analyzed data elements which correspond to the first and second maximum of a one-dimensional autocorrelation function. For further development of telemetry data compression methods, we suggest to search for homogeneous structures inside a telemetry frame.


The combination of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG) and two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) imaging – referred to as multimodal imaging – provides complementary contrast based on molecular vibrations, the structure of various tissue components and endogenous fluorophores, respectively.


Nine species of Teloschisies are recorded from the area and details of their morphology (including considerable ecotypic variation) and distribution are given. All species are illustrated. All relevant type specimens were examined. Four species (T. chry-sophthalmus, T. exilis, T. flavicans and T. hypoglaucus) are common in this part of Africa and are also widely distributed elsewhere. T. perrugosus, whose taxonomy has been revised, seems to be endemic to central and southern Africa. T. capensis and T. puber are well-defined endemics of the Atlantic coast in South Africa and Namibia, whereas T. chrysocarpoides occurs in Namibia only. T. pulvinaris, now established as a distinct species, is known only from the type locality in Cape Province.


Conservatism in the CAPM and L-CAPM standards often emphasizes systematic risk to explain the phenomenon of the risk-return relationship and ignores idiosyncratic risk with the assumption that the risk can be diversified. The effect of the Covid-19 outbreak raises the question of whether the idiosyncratic risk can still be ignored considering that the risk has a close relationship to firm-specific risk. This study sets a portfolio consisting of 177 active public firms in the Indonesia Stock Exchange before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. On portfolio set, idiosyncratic risk is estimated by the standard CAPM and L-CAPM in the observation range from January 2, 2019, to June 30, 2021. The results of the analysis show that L-CAPM and CAPM produce significantly different idiosyncratic risks. Empirical evidence shows that the highest firm-specific risk is in the third period and has a stable condition since the fourth period. This condition is confirmed by regression results that idiosyncratic risk together with systematic risk positively affects stock returns in the fourth period as suggested by the efficient market hypothesis. Uniquely, both systematic risk and idiosyncratic risk based on L-CAPM do not show a significant effect on stock returns in the fifth period, so it is a strong indication that liquidity is an important factor that must be considered in making investments.


This article describes the bus priority measures which have been officially approved by the Greater London Council Transport Committee and will be implemented over the next three years between Parliament Hill (Camden) and Peckham Rye (Lewisham). On the southbound side three will be 11 with-flow bus lanes, two of them double-width, and six contra-flow lanes. Northbound buses will use 18 or 19 with-flow lanes, and either one or two contra-flow. There will be approximately a dozen new pelican crossings, some new signal systems and bus-only right turns, and a large number of one-way schemes. The Tottenham Court road changes alone will mean some 28 revisions of the traffic management orders. One result of the scheme will be the closure of London's prime shopping and sightseeing streets to all traffic except buses. Costs are quoted together with some operational problems. /TRRL/


Distracted driving refers to multisensory integration and attention shifts between attentional driving and different interferences from different modalities, including visual and auditory stimuli. Here, we compared the behavioral performance with interacting multisensory distractors during attentional driving. Then, the independent component analysis (ICA) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) were applied to investigate the neural oscillation changes. The behavioral results showed that the response times (RTs) increased when distractors appeared in response to attentional driving. Moreover, the RTs were longer when the distractor interference was presented in the auditory modality compared with the visual modality. Eye movement intervals showed shorter tracking saccades under distractor interference. These results may indicate that attentional driving performance was impaired under the exposure to multisensory distractor interference. The ERSPs under visual and auditory distraction exposure showed decreased beta power in the frontal area, increased theta and delta power in the central area, and decreased alpha power in the parietal area. During this process, distracted driving under cross-modal sensory interference required more neural oscillation involvement. Moreover, the visual modality showed increased gamma power in the frontal, central, parietal and occipital areas, while the auditory modality showed decreased gamma power in the frontal area, indicating that auditory interference could intervene in top-down attentional processing.


The incidence of primary retroperitoneal teratoma in infancy is rare but in children it is seen in 3-4% of overall germ cell tumors and 1-11% of
primary retroperitoneal neoplasms . Most often they are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally and presents clinically only after attaining large
size in the form of abdominal distension, abdominal mass with or without compressive symptoms. It is basically diagnosed using the help of
radiological investigations like ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT) of abdomen and nal diagnosis is
conrmed after a thorough histopathological examination of the specimen. The denitive treatment includes complete surgical removal of
teratoma. Here we are reporting a case of primary retroperitoneal teratoma in a 11month old male infant who presented with right sided abdominal
mass and treated by complete surgical resection. Histopathological examination suggested the diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma.


BACKGROUND
The Bachelor of Science (Extended) is a four-year degree that provides an additional pathway into Bachelor of Science study for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students who do not meet the standard degree entry requirements. The BSc(Ext) contributes to increasing Indigenous student participation in tertiary science study, fields in which they are significantly underrepresented.

CURRICULUM APPROACH
The degree's extension component comprises eight subjects taken during the first three semesters, in interdisciplinary science, mathematics, communication and Indigenous studies. The extension subjects embed students' academic skills development, and science and mathematics knowledge and skills, to provide a foundation for success and further study in students' chosen STEM specialisation.

RESULTS
Integrating science disciplines, Indigenous Knowledges and mathematics into the science subjects has provided an enriched curriculum that is valued by students, who comment on the importance of foundation knowledge and skills and the multiple ways of learning provided. We will use examples of this approach to highlight its potential, with particular emphasis on Indigenous Knowledges and student impact.

DISCUSSION
An interdisciplinary thematic approach is a key component of the curriculum design, examining science through lenses of chemistry, physics, biology and Indigenous Knowledges, to prepare students for a range of STEM futures.


Nowadays, with the rapid development of e-commerce in China, the degree and scale of e-commerce development in China are also among the best in the world. Extending the vigorous development of domestic e-commerce to cross-border e-commerce is the inevitability of the development of e-commerce, and embodies the international concept of global economic integration. This paper mainly describes the historical background and current status of cross-border e-commerce, and provides suggestions and conclusions on the shortcomings and innovations of cross-border e-commerce. As a relatively mature product of the highly developed Internet and logistics express business in the 21st century, cross-border e-commerce is a business model that is worthy of our research and study, and provides a reference for China's future economic development direction and development planning. With the rapid development of modern Internet economy, e-commerce platform has been widely used in the process of agricultural development. On this basis, new ideas and countermeasures are put forward to promote the development of agricultural e-commerce, including promoting the transformation and upgrading of agricultural e-commerce, increasing the transfer of high-quality talents, and establishing and improving the management system of agricultural e-commerce. Establish and improve the credit risk assessment system of agricultural e-commerce, and guide the financial institutions' fund supply channels. The development of e-commerce in agriculture is of great significance. For example, the integration of market information has great market potential and can promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Therefore, this article chooses "Internet +" background to study the current situation and trend of agricultural electric business.


The cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are an important family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs. Prediction of the selectivity of CYP-mediated metabolism will assist in the avoidance of adverse drug reactions. Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods enable modelling of the complex chemistry that takes place at the active site of these enzymes, to a high degree of accuracy, while including effects of the protein environment. QM/MM methods have contributed significantly to understanding of CYPs at the molecular level, providing information that both complements and adds to experimental findings. In this chapter some current methods used in CYP metabolism prediction will be summarized, followed by some recent QM/MM studies of CYPs, and a discussion of the potential of these methods to contribute to drug development.


The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is a central element for the magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). We show that the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of the MTJ is strongly influenced by strain in the tunnel barrier and ferromagnets [1], [2], and demonstrate flexible MTJs on various substrates, which can be utilized for future flexible MRAM.


A production method for a flexible convertible-top cloth 4 for a convertible top (2, Figure 1), the outside 8 of which convertible-top cloth (2) is provided with a decoration (7, Figure 1). A convertible-top cloth 4 which has plastics fibers (9, Figure 1) is used in the process. The decoration 7 being produced on the convertible-top cloth 4 in the form of a permanent depression 7 deforming the plastics fibers (9) by means of a stamp 14 having a negative 15 of the decoration 7. The convertible-top cloth 4 being heated to a predetermined temperature optionally between 70 and 90 °C and the stamp 14 being pressed onto the convertible-top cloth 4 with a predetermined force preferably 7 kN. Preferably the top cloth 4 is heated by the stamp 14 being set into a high-frequency oscillation while being pressed into the top cloth 4. A sealing tape may be applied to the inside of the top cloth 4.


Electrolessly plated Cu film on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate was studied for the application of the data bus line in large scale liquid crystal display (LCD) and plasma display panel (PDP). The optimized surface treatment of ITO substrate was extensively investigated. The two-step pretreatment of Sn sensitization and Pd activation resulted in the best results. Using the optimized treatment, the electrolessly plated Cu film with (100) and (200) preferred orientation showed 7 nm root mean square (RMS) roughness, as-deposited 2.2 µΩ·cm resistivity, good adhesion and excellent selectivity.


The mechanical properties of concrete pavement were studied under the various frost-salt conditions using Capillary Suction of De-icing Chemicals and Freeze-thaw Test Method (CDF method). The test results show that: with the increasing of freeze-thaw cycles, concrete surface damage has a tendency to accelerate. The concrete which is in a 5% concentration chloride snow-thawing agent solution has the greatest impact damage after 150 frost-salt cycles compared with soaking in other different densities (3%, 20%). Mixing appropriate amount of silica fume and high-performance air- entraining agent in concrete can effectively improve the resistance of frost-salt scaling. With the frost-salt cycles increase, the concrete strength and the relative dynamic elastic modulus continues to decrease.


With rapid technology scaling, the proportion of the static power catches up with dynamic power gradually. To decrease leakage power is becoming more and more important in low-power design. This paper investigates leakage reduction of adiabatic circuits using power-gating schemes under deep submicron process. The energy dissipations of DTGAL (dual transmission gate adiabatic logic) circuits with power-gating scheme are investigated in different processes, frequencies and active ratios. All circuits are verified using HSPICE, and BSIM4 model is adopted to reflect the characteristics of the leakage current. HSPICE simulations show that the leakage loss is greatly reduced by using the DTGAL power-gate techniques.


Purpose
This study aims to explore methods that external auditors can use to assess the rationalization of fraud in fraud risk assessment in auditing.

Design/methodology/approach
An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 Big 4 auditors.

Findings
The results reveal a total of 18 methods that auditors can use to assess the rationalization of fraud. However, some methods were recommended more than others by the auditors in this study. These methods include incorporating the assessment of rationalization into the assessment of motives for fraud and integrity, understanding the client's business and regulatory environment, inquiring management and the board of directors about past fraud cases and observing management responses and reactions during auditors' inquiry about fraud-related matters.

Practical implications
The guidance provided by this study could help enhance auditors' skills in assessing fraud risks, which, in turn, may increase the likelihood of detecting fraud. The guide could also be helpful for audit firms in their fraud training programs.

Originality/value
This study is the first to explore methods for assessing the rationalization of fraud by drawing on the experience and insights of Big 4 auditors.


This paper builds Wasserstein ambiguity sets for the unknown probability distribution of dynamic random variables leveraging noisy partial-state observations. The constructed ambiguity sets contain the true distribution of the data with quantifiable probability and can be exploited to formulate robust stochastic optimization problems with out-of-sample guarantees. We assume the random variable evolves in discrete time under uncertain initial conditions and dynamics, and that noisy partial measurements are available. All random elements have unknown probability distributions and we make inferences about the distribution of the state vector using several output samples from multiple realizations of the process. To this end, we leverage an observer to estimate the state of each independent realization and exploit the outcome to construct the ambiguity sets. We illustrate our results in an economic dispatch problem involving distributed energy resources over which the scheduler has no direct control.


Public-private partnership (PPP) in urban infrastructure is a relatively new trend in most developing countries of the Asian and Pacific region. Although many governments have considered various steps to promote PPPs in their countries, lack of capacity in the public sector remains to be one of the major problems in implementing PPP projects. This paper canvases the extent to which PPP model in particular the Built-Own-Lease-Transfer (BOLT) model can excel in social infrastructure in urban areas. This paper focuses on rebuilding the regulatory framework of BOLT model and demolishes the flaws encountered in the past. The paper acknowledges the broad nature and appeal of the PPP phenomenon, the multiplicity of goals pursued through these strategies and the inherently contestable nature of BOLT's performance domains. The paper seeks to move beyond older debates and address several contemporary areas of BOLT performance which have not yet seen the visibility that they deserve. Multi-disciplinary in its reach, the paper seeks to strengthen research into the PPP phenomenon rather than displace empirical and theoretical contributions till date. Several examples of new areas of research priority are articulated including the role of PPP as governance tool, the influence of PPP on urban and regional planning matters, changing forms of PPP transparency, and the psychological appeal of PPPs to citizens, ministers and markets. The paper concludes that this new trend will be fundamental to the next generation of PPP. The results from such new research directions will help in excelling the barriers for developing social infrastructure in urban areas.


Myofibroma is a rare, benign, nodular tumour of soft tissues, bones or internal organs. It was first described by Stout in 1954 as congenital generalised fibromatosis and it was renamed by Chung et al as 'infantile myofibromatosis' as the onset of the disease is at a young age.1 Later Smith et al introduced the term 'myofibroma' and suggested that these lesions may not be exclusively paediatric.2

Myofibroma represents the most common fibrous tumour of infancy, predominantly in the head and neck region. However, its involvement in jaws is rare. This disease presents as a locally invasive, hard painless mass unless it is secondarily infected. The lesion is considered to be completely benign but there is a potential for it, being confused with more aggressive spindle cell tumours.3 So it is very important to make an accurate diagnosis of such lesions, because of their …


5 cage device intended to be arranged in a bearing to make the circumferential spacing of the rolling elements comprising a plurality of first cells 12 provided with axial retaining means of the cage of a rolling element and a plurality of second cavities 10 without axial retention means of the cage of a rolling element.


Most of us take our communities for granted, often because we do not think deeply about how we could make things different, better. Yet we live our lives in communities that are often in great need of revitalization, reconnection, and rejuvenation. Intergenerational communities where young and old and those in between live and interact with one another are among the richest communities (Calhoun, Kingson, and Newman, I997), though not necessarily from a financial perspective. They are rich because children can experience life alongside those who have done so for decades, youth can learn informally through conversations and activities with neighbors of different ages, and parents can support one another through the many everyday challenges of child rearing. Some are concerned that such communities are gone forever (Freedman, 1997), that our scheduled, mobile, tired lives have left us uninterested in investing in our communities, and perhaps even unable to do so. Fear of crime adds distance between those living in some communities, and the stresses of single parenting have left many parents without the time and energy needed to look for the support they sometimes seek (Schor, 1991). Community-based intergenerational programs have developed from a vision of the degree to which communities could potentially be supportive. In such programs, described throughout this issue and elsewhere (e.g., Newman and Brummel, 1989; Newman et al., 1997), younger and older community members come together for agreed-upon purposes that explicitly benefit one or both groups and implicitly benefit all those who are associated with it and the community (and society) at large. These programs are examples of building intentional, caring communities. THE NEED FOR PROGRAM RESEARCH AND EVALUATION While the growth of intergenerational programs in communities around North America has exploded over the last three decades, our knowledge of how programs work and their effectiveness in meeting the goals of their developers at both individual and community levels is lagging behind (Kuehne and Collins, 1997). The dearth of research and evaluation information is somewhat surprising given the exponential growth that intergenerational programs have enjoyed; one might expect that for such initiatives to gain acceptance and grow in number, their effectiveness would have to be demonstrated and well documented. However, many intergenerational programs are begun with human-service professionals-not researcherswho identify a need in a community (e.g., youth at risk for academic failure and dropping out of school) and a potential community resource to meet that need (e.g., retired adults). Further, since such intergenerational programs often begin with few financial resources beyond inkind donations, the notion of securing specific resources for research or evaluation of a new program seems ambitious to some and unrealistic to many (Kuehne and Collins, 1997). Most practitioners and researchers of course realize that program evaluation and research are not the same thing. Evaluation is more focused on programmatic concerns, while research can be much more broadly focused on various types of knowledge, program-based and other (e.g., Smith and Glass, 1987). However, in the intergenerational field, as Ward (1997) argues, studies should not be rigidly categorized as either research or evaluation, since "intergenerational evaluation results are often published as applied research, and many of the same questions, approaches, and instruments are used in both research and evaluation" (p. 118). In line with this view, this paper will report findings of a selection of both research and evaluation studies in the intergenerational program arena. WHAT WE KNOW FROM RESEARCH While those working in intergenerational programs, especially those who have been "in the business" for some time, may be able to articulate clearly the characteristics of effective programs matching community older adults with children or youth, the research literature is not yet substantial enough to definitively support the naming of"best practices" in this area. …


Using fly ash to manufacture ceramics has been studied. Through experiment, it is proved that fly ash can be used to produce artistic porcelain and household porcelain.


In virtual reality, grasping interaction techniques that use controllers often lack a smooth transition between the neutral hand pose and the one that fits the topology of the grabbed object. This transition is referred to as preshaping. We explore the impact on embodiment and task speed of progressively and automatically adapting the fingers' closure of the hand when it gets close to an object by anticipating the user's intention. A comparison with existing methods suggests that this approach negatively impacts the sense of agency but does not impact task speed, body ownership, and interaction and finger movement realism.


When a new idea is conceived or a new product or method is designed, one of the first thoughts that occurs is: Can I protect this? Can I keep competitors from copying this? This concern deals with the very real and practical reasons for protecting your new idea. Investors are loathe to put money into a venture that cannot establish a unique product niche for itself. Stockholders will challenge a corporation's investment of its resources in a program that can be easily copied once introduced to the market. All the time, effort and money invested in perfecting the idea, as well as advertising and promoting it, can be wasted if imitators can enter the market on your heels with products just like yours. Moreover, the imitators can cut prices because they have not incurred start-up expenses you had to endure to bring the idea from conception to a mass-producible, reliable and appealing product or service. The things that may be protected include, for example, a new product, new method or process, new service, new promotional or merchandising scheme or approach, new packaging or new design. There are a number of types of protection: patent, trade secret, trademark and copyright. In some cases overlapping protection may be obtained. This paper explains the kinds of items protected by each of these types of protection and the nature of the protection.<<ETX>>


This article provides data on soil moisture and density, depending on the test options for water-saving technologies. The effectiveness of the «Aqusorb» hydrogel in regulating the water holding capacity of soils and improving its structure, which directly affects the growth and development of plants, has been shown. The best supply of soil moisture was noted in the options when the preparation was applied, 1.5 kg/m3 and 2.0 kg/m3. When using the preparation favorable water-air regime of soils appears, especially in critical periods for the development of plants. The purpose of the research was the scientific justification for the use of the «Aquasorb» hydrogel to improve the water-physical properties of the soil, which will directly contribute to the development of consumer and decorative gardening in the arid regions of southeast Kazakhstan. Experiments on the study of the water-physical properties of soils were performed according to generally accepted methods.


Motivation Automated protein Function Prediction (AFP) is an intensively studied topic. Most of this research focuses on methods that combine multiple data sources, while fewer articles look for the most efficient ways to use a single data source. Therefore, we wanted to test how different preprocessing methods and classifiers would perform in the AFP task when we process the output from the InterProscan (IPS). Especially, we present novel preprocessing methods, less used classifiers and inclusion of species taxonomy. We also test classifier stacking for combining tested classifier results. Methods are tested with in-house data and CAFA3 competition evaluation data. Results We show that including IPS localisation and taxonomy to the data improves results. Also the stacking improves the performance. Surprisingly, our best performing methods outperformed all international CAFA3 competition participants in most tests. Altogether, the results show how preprocessing and classifier combinations are beneficial in the AFP task. Contact petri.toronen(AT)helsinki.fi Supplementary information Supplementary text is available at the project web site http://ekhidna2.biocenter.helsinki.fi/AFP/ and at the end of this document.


OBJECTIVE To establish a method for measuring sodium citrate of a new dialysis solution, this method can control its quality. METHODS Sodium citrate reacts to Cu 2+ , forming a complex compound which has specific absorption wavelength in ultraviolet area. The complex compound can be detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. RESULTS The wavelength of detection is 240 nm . The average recovery and relative standard deviation is 99.31% and 0.74% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The method is simply, rapid and accurate. It can be used to detect sodium citrate of the dialysis solution.


Modern digital communications and signal processing systems require filters which satisfy simultaneous specifications on amplitude and group delay. A common practical approach to the design of such filters is to approximate the amplitude specifications by a minimum phase function and then to equalise the group delay by an all-pass function. In this paper a new computer method for the design of all-pass functions for arbitrary group delay shaping is proposed. >


Spectral imaging is an important tool for a wide variety of applications. We present a technique for spectral imaging using computational imaging pattern based on compressive sensing (CS). The spectral and spatial information is simultaneously obtained using a fiber spectrometer and the spatial light modulation without mechanical scanning. The method allows high-speed, stable, and sub sampling acquisition of spectral data from specimens. The relationship between sampling rate and image quality is discussed and two CS algorithms are compared.


Simple Summary Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPN) have recently been described as rare precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Despite a high number of associated invasive adenocarcinomas at the time of diagnosis, patients with ITPN tend to have a much better clinical outcome than those with classical pancreato-biliary adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, rare molecular studies of ITPN show an unexpected lack of hotspot mutations in common driver genes of pancreato-biliary adenocarcinoma, including KRAS. This article reports the first large comprehensive and comparative molecular study of pancreato-biliary ITPN. In the absence of KRAS mutations, we found a high genetic heterogeneity with enrichment in core signaling pathways, including putative actionable genomic targets in one-third of the cases. Whereas, pancreatic ITPN demonstrates a highly distinct genetic profile, differing from classical pancreatic carcinogenesis, biliary ITPN and classical cholangiocarcinoma share common alterations in key genes of the chromatin remodeling pathway, and therefore, appear more closely related than pancreatic ITPN and classical pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PDAC. Abstract The molecular carcinogenesis of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPN), recently described as rare neoplasms in the pancreato-biliary tract with a favorable prognosis despite a high incidence of associated pancreato-biliary adenocarcinoma, is still poorly understood. To identify driver genes, chromosomal gains and losses, mutational signatures, key signaling pathways, and potential therapeutic targets, the molecular profile of 11 biliary and 6 pancreatic ITPNs, associated with invasive adenocarcinoma in 14/17 cases, are studied by whole exome sequencing (WES). The WES of 17 ITPNs reveals common copy number variants (CNVs) broadly distributed across the genome, with recurrent chromosomal deletions primarily in 1p36 and 9p21 affecting the tumor suppressors CHD5 and CDKN2A, respectively, and gains in 1q affecting the prominent oncogene AKT3. The identified somatic nucleotide variants (SNVs) involve few core signaling pathways despite high genetic heterogeneity with diverse mutational spectra: Chromatin remodeling, the cell cycle, and DNA damage/repair. An OncoKB search identifies putative actionable genomic targets in 35% of the cases (6/17), including recurrent missense mutations of the FGFR2 gene in biliary ITPNs (2/11, 18%). Our results show that somatic SNV in classical cancer genes, typically associated with pancreato-biliary carcinogenesis, were absent (KRAS, IDH1/2, GNAS, and others) to rare (TP53 and SMAD4, 6%, respectively) in ITPNs. Mutational signature pattern analysis reveals a predominance of an age-related pattern. Our findings highlight that biliary ITPN and classical cholangiocarcinoma display commonalities, in particular mutations in genes of the chromatin remodeling pathway, and appear, therefore, more closely related than pancreatic ITPN and classical pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.


One of the main issues of the research programme "Sustainable Urban Water Management" (UW), which is funded by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research (MISTRA), is if existing urban water management issustainable and what measures may be undertaken if it is not. This paper focuses on the ecological dimension of sustainability and its objective is to examine different approaches to define ecological sustainability, i.e. guiding principles approach, politically set environmental quality criteria, and scientifically derived critical loads and carrying capacities. The implications for the assessment of urban water management are discussed. Different approaches are used to measure the fulfilment of goals or targets for urban water supply and wastewater management for different environmental criteria (water preservation, eutrophication, contribution to acidification, contribution to global warming, spreading of toxic compounds, and use of natural resources).


The Christmas tree a air in Kokkedal began in November 2012, when the Muslim majority in the board of a housing association decided to abandon the tradition of having a Christmas tree on the premises. e decision caused an unusual stir in the press and divided politicians and the public on issues of Danish culture, integra- tion and religion. Many of the public voices disagreed about whether the a air had to do with religion or with a Danish national tradition. is disagreement is explained by the concept of civil religion, which sociologists of religion have introduced for analysing cases when the nation is claimed to stand under a particular divine providence. In Denmark, the Christmas tree harbours references to both the nation and to religion, and it is an important civil religious symbol. is explains why the a air became hotly debated all over Denmark.


Abstract. In Ecuador and in the Andean region there is a demand for organically produced fruits and vegetables. However, there are some issues related to organic production: 1) The use of an organic soil stabilizer to grow vegetables and fruits is widespread as the consumer prefers to buy organic products, but there are low standards for a proper production and application of organic fertilizers in Ecuador; 2) Farmers use organic matter –such as chicken manure– mostly directly on their fields, which can potentially produce a negative impact on crop production; and 3) Inappropriate handling of chicken manure can contaminate water sources and affect the environment. Poultry manure can contribute to crop production by the supply of nutrients and addition of organic matter to soil. However, its application requires technical support and the development of handling guidelines to protect human and environment health. The association Yaku and You develops and implements in a pilot project the drying, enrichment with nutrients and pelletization of poultry manure to reduce its negative impact and to improve crop growth. The aim is to show an example how to properly use manure as a nutrient source while reducing pollution in agriculture.


SUMMARY Gastroretentive sustained release matrix captopril (CPT) tablets were manufactured using a direct compression process. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach using a three-factor CCD was used to develop and optimize the tablet formulation. The content of hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and sodium bicarbonate were selected as key independent variables for the optimization of the tablet formulation. The key responses that were monitored were floating lag time (FLT) and cumulative % CPT released after 0.5, 2, 6 and 12 hours. The results revealed that the HPMC and sodium bicarbonate content were factors that had a significant impact on CPT release and FLT, respectively. INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of death worldwide and global projections predict that the number of deaths due to CVD will continue to increase over the next 17 years [1]. The development of new drugs to combat CVD is time consuming and expensive. Therefore the design and development of formulations that optimize delivery of existing molecules may be an alternate approach for improving the therapeutic management of patients with CVD. CPT is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with well-established pharmacokinetic, efficacy and safety profiles [2,3]. CPT is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, cardiac failure and diabetic nephropathy [2,3]. CPT has a relatively short half-life of 2-3 hours and typical dosage regimens require administration of CPT every 8-12 hours [2,3]. CPT is therefore a potential candidate for oral sustained drug delivery however, the poor stability profile and high water solubility of the molecule present a formulation challenge. CPT exhibits optimal stability at pH < 4 and is therefore unstable in the alkaline environment of intestinal fluids [4,5]. With the growing burden of CVD the design and development of formulations which optimize the delivery of existing active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) such as CPT may be an approach to improve the management of patients with CVD. The development of a gastroretentive sustained release formulation of CPT may be an approach for increasing the residence time of CPT in the stomach where it is most stable. A gastroretentive sustained release formulation may improve the in vivo stability of CPT and reduce the occurrence of drug-related adverse effects. Consequently, the overall aim of this study was to develop, manufacture and assesses gastroretentive CPT sustained release tablets. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS A direct compression process was used to manufacture CPT gastroretentive sustained release tablets and the proposed design for these tablets was a single unit matrix tablet that achieved in vitro buoyancy based on effervescence. The formula for the tablets contained 50 mg CPT, HPMC a hydrophilic matrix former, MCC a filler, sodium bicarbonate an effervescent agent, magnesium stearate a lubricant, talc and colloidal silicon dioxide as glidants. On the basis of a study of the influence of formulation variables on CPT release and the floating properties of the tablets, the composition of HPMC, MCC and sodium bicarbonate content were selected as key variable for the optimization of the tablet formulation using a RSM approach with a CCD. The key responses that were monitored were the cumulative % CPT released after 0.5, 2, 6 and 12 hours of dissolution testing and FLT. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to quantitatively analyze the significance and relevance of the independent variables. A numerical optimization approach was used to predict a formulation composition that would produce minimal initial CPT release, a short FLT and maximum release after 12 hours. Tablets from each batch that was manufactured were subjected to several quality control tests, in vitro buoyancy and dissolution testing. The short-term stability of the optimized formulation was established by performing stability studies at 25°/60% RH and 40°/75% RH. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results from the in vitro buoyancy studies revealed that all formulations maintained in vitro buoyancy for up to 12 hours. The achievement and maintenance of in vitro buoyancy is attributed to the presence of the effervescent agent, sodium bicarbonate that was dispersed in the tablet matrix. When the CPT sustained release tablets came into contact with HCl, an effervescent reaction occurred and carbon dioxide bubbles were release into the HPMC gel layer surrounding the tablets. Visual inspection of the tablets revealed the presence of gas bubbles on the surfaces of the tablets (Figure 1). The ability of the tablets to float for up to 12 hours suggested that Methocel K100M can form a durable gel layer around the tablets that can effectively entrap gas bubbles and promote in vitro buoyancy for at least 12 hours. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 C um ul at iv e % d ru g re le as e Time (hours) Figure 1 Photographs of a typical CPT gastroretentive sustained release tablet at 10 min (A) and 12 hours (B) The results for CCD revealed that the linear contribution of HPMC content in the formulation had a statistically significant and antagonistic effect on the % CPT released from the tablets. Therefore an increase in the HPMC content in the formulations resulted in a decrease in the % CPT released. The decrease in CPT release observed when the HPMC content was increased was more than likely the result of an increase in the thickness and viscosity of the HPMC gel layer surrounding the tablets which consequently increased the diffusional path length and slowed CPT release [6]. The sodium bicarbonate content had a significant and antagonistic effect on the FLT and this was likely due to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide generated during the effervescent reaction which promoted rapid achievement of in vitro buoyancy. Short-term stability tests for the optimized formulation revealed that there was no significant change in appearance and physicochemical properties of the tablets after 60 days of storage at 25°/60% RH and 40°/75% RH. However long-term stability studies would be required to determine the shelf-life and stability of the tablets over an extended period. Tablets from each batch that was manufactured were subjected to several quality control tests and the results revealed that the tablets met compendial specifications with regards to weight uniformity, content uniformity, CPT content and friability. Typical CPT release patterns observed for all formulations revealed an initial burst effect during the first 2 hours of dissolution testing which was attributed to the high water solubility of CPT that also possibly induced a high driving force for CPT release [7]. The initial release was followed by a phase that was characterized by a slower release rate of CPT from the tablets until the end of dissolution testing (Figure 2). Further studies to improve this formulation would include approaches to reduce the initial burst effect. CPT release kinetic studies for the optimized formulation were established by fitting the in vitro release data to several mathematical models. The data were best described using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R=0.9971) and the value of release exponent (n=0.4787) suggests that the tablets exhibited an anomalous drug transport mechanism. Figure 2.Typical dissolution profile for the optimized formulation CONCLUSION Gastroretentive sustained release CPT tablets with the potential for further development and improvement were developed in these studies. The optimized formulation released 86% CPT after 12 hours of dissolution testing in 0.1 M HCl and remained buoyant for the duration of the dissolution test. This research has the potential for use as a starting point for the development of gastroretentive sustained release formulations for API that exhibit a high degree of water solubility and/or that may require gastric retention in order to improve in vivo stability. REFERENCES (1) Cardivascular Diseases (CVDs) Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2013 March [cited 20130 Aug 16];Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets /fs317/en/index.html (2) Lacy C, Armstrong LL, Goldman MP, Lance LL. Drug information handbook. 15 ed. Ohio: Lexi-comp Hudson; 1999. (3) Reynolds J.E.F.(Editor). Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 30 ed. London: The Pharmaceutical press; 2012. (4) Florey KE. Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances. 11 ed. London: Academic Press, Inc; 2012. (5) Davis SS. Formulation strategies for absorption windows. Drug discovery today 2005;10(4):24957. (6) Tiwari SB, Rajabi-Siahboomi AR. Modulation of drug release from hydrophilic matrices. 2008. (7) Huang X, Brazel CS. On the importance and mechanisms of burst release in matrix-controlled drug delivery systems. Journal of Controlled Release 2001 Jun 15;73(2−3):121-36. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Henderson Scholarship (SYM), the Rhodes University Research Committee (SMMK and RBW) and the National Research Foundation (RBW).


in both 10-20 µm (p<0.001) and 21-40 µm arterioles (p<0.01 to p<0.001) from 10- to 90-min of reperfusion, and in 41-70 µm arteries (p<0.02 to <0.001) from 20- to 90-min of reperfusion. The overall blood flow of the reperfused cremaster muscle in the SNAC group increased from 37% of baseline at 10 min to 108% at 40 min of reperfusion, and remained above baseline throughout the experiment, with a highest level of 155% at 60 min of reperfusion. In contrast, the average blood flow in the PBS group was only between 27% and 68% of baseline during 90 min of reperfusion. Compared to the PBS group, the average blood flow in the SNAC group was significantly (p<0.03 to p<0.001) greater from 40- to 90-min of reperfusion. Discussion: In the present study, we implemented an animal model which denervates both the somatic nerve to skeletal muscle and the autonomic nerve to intramuscular blood vessels. Denervation accentuates the reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle via three proposed mechanisms: 1) vasoconstriction; 2) loss of response to vasoactive metabolite produced during ischemia; and 3) venous stasis with interstitial edema. Nitric oxide, as a vasodilator, antiadhesion, and antithrombotic agent, has received much attention in relieving the deleterious effect of reperfusion injury in skletal muscle. The results of our experiment suggest that 1) Exogenous NO donor (SNAC) improves microcirculation of reperfused denervated skeletal muscle; and 2) This protection against reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle is independent of the nerve.


The purpose of this study is to develop a prediction model that can evaluate energy consumption before and after remodeling through a reference model for low-rise residential buildings for which energy simulation evaluation is difficult due to its aging. Specifically, a prediction model to evaluate various building elements before remodeling and a model to predict savings due to the application of energy-saving technology were developed. For the objective, the energy simulation analysis of a building was performed using DesignBuilder per reference area of a Detached house, Multi-family house, and Row House. In addition, the significance of machine learning was compared and analyzed by using R2, MSE, RMSE, CVRMSE indicators and Python's linear regression, random forest, and neural network. As a result of this analysis, both the model to evaluate the status before remodeling and the model to evaluate the reduction rate according to the energy-saving technology after remodeling showed a high determination coefficient of 0.9 or more for the neuron network. The CVRMSE was analyzed as low as 15% or less. As this is less than the index used in the M&V evaluation presented in the ASHRAE Guideline 14, it was verified that there is a statistical significance. Therefore, this aims to contribute to the basic data and green remodeling promotion project in the energy performance improvement project for the old, private low-rise residential buildings and also in the energy-saving evaluation for buildings. 주요어 : 머신러닝, 저층 주거 건물, 에너지소요량, 예측


Introduction: Continious Positive Airway Preasure (CPAP) is considered as a golden standard for the treatment of Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but the low compliance and intolerance of the patients to the machine calls for alternative treatment. Oral appliances could be a viable alternative to CPAP in patients with mild or moderate forms of OSA. Method: This study consists of case series of 37 OSA patients treated with two different types of oral appliances. The diagnosis was set by using thorough examination by an otorhinolaryngologist of the upper airways by endoscopy, sleep endoscopy, polysomnography and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) and ESS score were obtained before and after the treatment. Results: According to our study, the success rate of the treatment of the patients, measured as AHI reduction less than 10 events/hour, is very high (95%). The mean AHI reduction is 9.5 events/h. compared to 19.45 before the treatment and corresponds with the results of other authors. The mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale result after the treatment was 8.6, compared to 12.7 before the treatment. Conclusion: Oral appliances are high effective in the treatment of selected patients with OSA, mainly mild and moderate cases according to AHI and ESS. The precise pretreatment work out is of uppermost importance in assessment of the grade of OSA and the site of obstruction. The combined treatment with surgery and oral appliances could be a viable option for patients with multilevel obstruction of the upper airways.


We report on the investigation of lateral diffusion of minority carriers in nBn based InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice photodetectors. Values of diffusion length of minority carriers were extracted from temperature dependent I-V measurements. The behavior of diffusion length as a function of applied bias, temperature, and composition of the barrier layer and the values ranging by two orders of magnitude from 77 to 250 K at the same value of applied bias were investigated. The obtained results suggest that at this point the lateral diffusion current could be the limiting factor of the MWIR nBn detector performance at low (<150 K) temperatures.


The quantum transport characteristics of the strained graphene nanoribbon nanodevice are investigated under the effect of both ac-field of different frequencies and magnetic field. This nanodevice is modeled as follows: A graphene nanoribbon is connected to two metallic leads. These two metallic leads operate as a source and a drain. The conducting substance is the gate electrode in this threeterminal nanodevice. Another metallic gate is used to govern the electrostatics and the switching of graphene nanoribbon channel. The substances at the graphene nanoribbon/ metal contact are controlled by the back gate. The photon-assisted tunneling probability is deduced by solving the Dirac eigenvalue differential equation and the corresponding conductance is also, derived using Landauer-Buttiker formula. The band structure parameters of graphene nanoribbon as the energy gap, the C-C bond length, the hopping integral, Fermi energy and the width are modulated by uniaxial strain. Results show that the conduction mechanism through the nanodevice is enhanced by the interplay between the transport charge Dirac fermions and the photons energy of the induced ac-field. Also, according to the results obtained in the present paper that the electronic transport through the present investigated graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor occurs by variable range hopping. The present research is very important in the field nanotechnology, that is, the present graphene nanoribbon nanodevices could be applied as digital nanoelectronics, logic gates, information technology, spintronics and photodetectors. Keywords— graphene nanoribbon; nanodevice; field effect transistor; quantum conductance


The purpose of this study is to analyse the characters of "uncontrolled settlements" in Daegu in aspects of social, economic and physical to suggest a new rational methods of urban renewal planning in comparision with the planning system of the Federal Republic of Germany. In this paper we attempted to present the concepts and objectives of urban renewal and describe the legal foundations, the preparatory work and execution. It wants to help clarify the objectives of urban renewal planning, indicate the potentialities and limits of intermingling various urban areas and of social intergration and show the prerequisities for different functions of urban life. The goals of urban renewal planning in both the Republic of Korea and the Federal Republic of Germany are very similar. There are differences between them in the methods of urban planning. The relevant characteristics of both system ure outlined in the following sections and thorganization of urban renewal.


BACKGROUND
Orientation and mobility (O&M) training is provided to people who are visually impaired to help them maintain travel independence, teaching them new orientation and mobility skills to compensate for reduced visual information.

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to assess the effects of orientation and mobility training, with or without associated devices, for adults with low vision.

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials - CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group trials register) (Issue 3 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to August 2002), EMBASE (1980 to September 2002) and LILACS (September 2002) and the reference lists of articles.

SELECTION CRITERIA
We planned to include randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing orientation and mobility training with no training in adults with low vision.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers independently assessed the search results for eligibility.

MAIN RESULTS
No studies were found that satisfied the inclusion criteria.

REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
We could not find any controlled trials on the effects of orientation and mobility training for adults with low vision. As a premise to future trials, orientation and mobility instructors and scientists should reach a consensus and develop valid measures of mobility performance which are both reliable and meaningful to people with low vision.


We dissected 60 shoulders to demonstrate the anatomy of the coracohumeral ligament. The role of this structure in clinical problems of the shoulder is discussed.


Biopolyimides poly(ATA-CBDA) made from of 4,4′-diamino-α-truxillic acid dimethyl ester (ATA) and 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) were synthesized and its electric volume resis...


Kiriklar kaolin, Sivas steatite, clay, Alcoa alumina and silica were crushed, ground and screened down to 63 μm in size. Specimens are classified into three groups according to their chemical analysis, namely 100 % cordierite, 86% cordierite+14% silica, and 76% cordierite+24% silica. After mixing the raw materials they were moisturized by 9 % water and pressed under 100 MPa. The compacts were fired at temperature 1347°C. The effect of silica on the thermal shock resistance of cordierite bodies was investigated using a strain gauge to determine the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio. Tensile strength tests were carried out by a tension test machine and expansion curves were recorded by a dilatometer. Fracture surfaces of the specimens ruptured during tensile strength test were examined under the stereo microscope. As the result of the investigations, it has been determined that strength and thermal shock resistance of the specimen with 14% silica are better than those of the two others.


Objective:To investigate the effect of kidney-tonifying and miscarriage-preventing Chinese herbal medicine on the contents of inflammatory cytokines in mice with embryo implantation dysfunction.Methods:Conceived mice were randomly divided into four groups,normal group,model group,Baotailing Tablets group and Kunyuan Decoction group.From the first day of gestation,mice in normal and model groups revived physiological saline at 0.3 mL orally,while the mice of Baotailing Tablets group and Kunyuan Decoction group were orally administrated with corresponding medicine at 0.3 mL per day for 6 consecutive days.On day 3 and 4,mice were injected with indomethacin oils for inducing embryo implantation dysfunction.On day 6,serum and uterus were collected after last medicine administration for the detection of contents of interferon gamma(IFN-γ),interleukin 10(IL-10) and nitric oxide(NO) with respective kits.Results:Oral administration of Kunyuan Decoction significantly showed obvious effect on increasing the uterus weight,uterus index and nidation site count,reduced the contents of IFN-γ and NO and markedly increased IL-10 content in mice with embryo implantation dysfunction(P 0.05 compared with those in the model group).Conclusion:As a kidney-tonifying and miscarriage-preventing recipe,Kunyuan Decoction could improve embryo implantation by regulating the contents of inflammatory cytokines of IFN-γ and IL-10 as well as NO.


Objective:To study the common etiological treatment of acute intoxication. Methods: Clinical information of 105 patients with acute intoxication 2012 were retrospectively analyzed,including toxication type and treatment solution. Results: The first three poisoning types of acute intoxication patients were respectively organic phosphorus pesticide poisoning(27.61%), alcohol poisoning(24.76%)and pesticides poisoning(17.14%) and.76 cases(72.3%) were cured, 20 cases(19.04%) improved, 2 cases(1.9%) were discharged on the patients' will,5 cases(4.8%) turned to the other hospital and 2 died (1.9%), the total effective rate was 91.4%. Conclusion: It can reduce mortality rate by a effective treatment.


Objective: to investigate morphogenesis and peculiarities of the chronological sequence of formation of the vertebral column topography during the prefetal period of human ontogenesis. Material and methods. The object of the study were 50 fruits 300.0-350.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length (CRL). The study was conducted using the macroscopy and microscopy of series of consecutive histological and topographic anatomical sections, regular and fine specimen praparation, vascular injection with subsequent radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, morphometry (digital computer histometry) and statistical processing of digital data. Results. The accurate study of morphogenesis and dynamics of spatio-temporal relationships between the vertebrae of the cervical and thoracic regions of the human vertebral column and their connections during the prefetal period of development from the point of view of the topographic-anatomical approach to the problems of embryogenesis was done for the first time, with the aid of adequate morphological methods. Conclusion. The theoretical basis and a new solution to the scientific problem concerning the formation and topographic-anatomical relationships of the structures of the vertebral column in the prefetal period of human ontogenesis, the dynamics of spatial and temporal transformations of the parts of the vertebral column, syntopic correlation with adjacent structures were given.


Ice-snow storms are a major natural disturbance, and it is an important driver of forest regeneration in middle and high latitudes. Previous studies have focused on the impact of ice-snow storm on forest dynamics|however, few studies have investigated the impact of ice-snow storms on the phylogenetic structure of a forest community. In this study, we studied the phylogenetic structure of a 24-ha subtropical evergreen, broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province before (2005) and after (2010) an ice-snow storm. We compared NRI and NTI of the community at three grain sizes, four topographic habitat types, and three size classes between before and after the ice-snow storm. Furthermore, we simulated random mortality during 2005–2010 and compared MPD and MNTD between observed values and random mortality in 2010. We found that (1) NRI and NTI were significantly higher after the storm across grain size, habitat, and size class. (2) Additionally, MNTD were not significantly different between random mortality and observed values in 2010 for the three size classes and two habitats, whereas all other cases showed that MNTD and MPD were significantly larger for random mortality than that for observed values. The results indicate that community phylogenetic structures of the study forest were more clustered after the storm, and they were little affected by grain size, vertical layer and habitat condition. This study improves our understanding of ice-storm disturbance on subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest community phylogenetic structure.


Starting from the analysis on the characteristics of the Chinese publications of the Ethnic publishing house,this paper puts forward that it is necessary for the Chinese editors to improve their professional ability in two aspects:to strengthen their professional consciouness and improve their quality,which is of importance for adapting to the reform,serving the commuity and self-development.


Objective: To probe the effect of L-carnitine on energy metabolism during renal ischemic reperfusion injury and the possible mechanisms.Methods: Model of renal ischemia-reperfusion was established,and 48 SD healthy rats were divided into untreated control and L-carnitine treated groups.Within each group,rats were further divided into four subgroups,Sham,and 1 h,6 h and 12 h IR group(n =6).The levels of blood serum urea nitrogen(Bun)and creatinine(Scr),the free fatty acid(FFA)content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in nephritic tissues were measured.The ultrastructural changes in renal tissue were observed under electron microscope.Results: In control groups,compared with those of the sham operation group,Scr and Bun levels at IR6h and IR12h groups increased significantly(P 0.05 or P 0.01);the FFA content in nephritic tissues at IR12h group went up markedly(P 0.01) while the Na+-K+-ATPase activity of IR6h and IR12h groups declined obviously(P 0.05 or P 0.01).As to the L-carnitine treatment groups,compared with those of the control group rats with the same reperfusion time,the Bun levels of 12 h group and the Scr level of IR6h,12h groups were obviously lower(each P 0.01);the FFA content in nephritic tissues at IR12h group was markedly lower while the Na+-K+-ATPase activity was obviously higher(each P 0.01).In addition,ultrastructure indicated injuries of the mitochondriarenal in tubular epithelial cell were attenuated after L-carnitine administration.Conclusion: L-carnitine protects kidney against acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury through promotion of β-oxidation of fatty acids,increasing Na+-K+ ATPase activity,and finally grading-up energy metabolism.


The article highlights the need for improvement in the evaluation of dashboard implementations intended to support quality processes in higher education, and proposes a systems thinking framework for this improvement. A review of the literature on quality enhancement processes in higher education and dashboards research highlights that quality enhancement in higher education might be more appropriately understood through the lens of complexity management. The Viable Systems Model is argued to be useful for this purpose, and in terms of the role of dashboards in supporting these processes, encourages focus on their role in supporting communication and information flow for effective decision-making for adaptation. Some initial systems modelling is conducted to illustrate how the application of the model could guide evaluation, providing the foundation for case study evaluation and research.


Weaving is the technique of making fabric through interlacing yarn, and it can be seen as a way to program a material. However, due to this programming complexity, the novice weaver finds it hard to quickly engage in weaving. We designed Ruta through an iterative process involving weave experts and novice weavers. In effect, Ruta is a tool for sensemaking the complexity of Jacquard weaving which enables novel weavers to understand and feel what weaving actually entails. We present the Ruta loom and demonstrate how it imparts meaning to the process of complex weaving.


Thousands of patients in England may have incorrectly been given statins or taken off them after a fault found in the digital QRISK2 calculator in SystmOne, which assesses cardiovascular risk and is run by the software company TPP. The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency launched an investigation and warned that a third of GP surgeries may have been affected. It told practices to contact patients whomay have had an inaccurate risk assessment and warned them not to run the calculator "until further notice." Practices can still use the QRISK2-2016 calculator at www.qrisk.org.


Finite groups with real-valued irreducible characters of prime degree are classified by Dolfi, Pacifici and Sanus. In this paper, the structures of finite groups whose all proper subgroups have at most two real-valued-irreducible-character degrees are determined.


The surf clam (Spisula solidissima) is a dominant clam species in the mid-Atlantic region, and contributed 71.8% of all clam meats consumed in the United States between 1970 and 1974; total landings in 1981 were 20.9 thousand metric tons (46.1 million lb). Surf clams live in the coastal zone from the Gulf of Maine to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; they are most common in the breaker zone, but occur to depths of 70 m (230 ft). They reach sexual maturity in 2 years and spawn in the mid-Atlantic region from mid-July through mid-October, often with two spawning peaks per year. Larval stages are planktonic; upon settlement, they metamorphose into juvenile clams. Adults live buried in sandy or gravel substrates, with siphons extended above the bottom for feeding and respiration. Surf clams may live up to 25 years and reach a size of 225 mm (8.9 inches). Larvae tolerate water temperatures of 14/sup 0/ to 30/sup 0/F (57/sup 0/) to 86/sup 0/F), and salinities as low as 16 ppt. Adults tolerate 0/sup 0/ to 28/sup 0/C (32/sup 0/ to 82/sup 0/F) and 12.5 ppt salinity or higher. Depletion of dissolved oxygen in ocean bottom waters was the major cause for large-scalemore » surf clam mortalities off New York and New Jersey over the last two decades. Sewage, sludge, and heavy metals often cause accumulation of toxic materials in surf clam meats and force closure of beds to fishing to prevent human consumption of these toxic materials. 98 references, 2 figures, 3 tables.« less


We prove partial regularity of suitable weak solutions to the Navier--Stokes equations at the boundary in irregular domains. In particular, we provide a criterion which yields continuity of the velocity field in a boundary point and obtain solutions which are continuous in a.a. boundary boundary point (their existence is a consequence of a new maximal regularity result for the Stokes equations in domains with minimal regularity). We suppose that we have a Lipschitz boundary with locally small Lipschitz constant which belongs to the fractional Sobolev space $W^{2-1/p,p}$ for some $p>\frac{15}{4}$. The same result was previously only known under the much stronger assumption of a $C^2$-boundary.


Abstract This paper is an application of the McNemar test which is a variation of the Sign test for testing the existence of absorbing subchains in a given Markov chain associated with a subset of the State Space by using a sequence of observations coming from the given Markov chain under the condition that there are no "ties" between the pairs of data.


The cardinalfish of Antsiranana Bay, northern Madagascar, were surveyed over an 11 month period by underwater census employing a simple search pattern using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. Over this period 15 species were observed including one species not previously recorded in Madagascar, Siphamia versicolor. Whilst some species were ubiquitous across sites within the bay others appeared only as single records. Cardinalfish communities were compared between sites within the bay using PRIMER 6 (Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Ecological Research) and on a national scale against existing records. Overall the species richness of cardinalfish in Antsiranana Bay is less than that observed in other regions of Madagascar. The reasons behind these regional variations include oceanic currents, temperature, depth, disturbance and sedimentation, a recognised threat to Madagascar's marine communities. This final point was reaffirmed by comparison of cardinalfish communities between sites within the bay which revealed little variation in species composition between sites, with the exception of highly-sedimented sites in the north - east of the bay that had a significantly different cardinalfish fauna to the rest. As a family that rely on the complexity of the coral reef for shelter, and exhibit high site fidelity, examination of cardinalfish communities may provide a measure of the health of a region's reef.


This experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed diets with different lysine and threonine levels, in the final phase (42 to 56 days of age). Nine hundred and seventy two male chickens were randomly assigned to nine treatments on a fatorial 3x3 (three threonine levels; 0.70; 0.77 and 0.84% and three lysine levels; 0.94; 1.04 and 1.14%), with four replicates by treatment, of 27 birds each. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and abdominal fat were studied. Performance and carcass yield were not affected by the treatments, but tended to improve as the addition levels of the studied amino acids increased.


This article examines Afrahat's perspectives on the meaning of prayer, its purpose, and what can be found in prayer. This article employs a literary style based on the book Mid Fourth Century Demonstration IV on Prayer, which is backed up by other authors, Church Fathers, and biblical sources. Afrahat's perspective on the significance of prayer is perfect, according to the author's research. Afrahat underlined that prayer is more than just an inward desire for God; it also entails perfection and oneness in God. First and foremost, prayer is an offering to God made with a pure heart. The ideal prayer gift to God is a pure heart rather than a prayer that is spoken out. Second, humans retain purity of heart through prayer through forgiving others as a precondition for prayer. Finally, there are humans. can convey their desires to God by God's will. These three things aim to fully explain the meaning of the prayer of St. Afrahat.


Basic understanding of the driving forces of ion conduction in solids is critical to the development of new solid-state ion conductors. Physical understanding of ion conduction is limited due to strong deviations from harmonic vibrational dynamics in these systems that are difficult to characterize experimentally and theoretically. We overcome this challenge in superionic AgI by combining THz-frequency Raman polarization-orientation measurements and ab-initio molecular dynamics computations. Our findings demonstrate clear signatures of strong coupling between the mobile ions and host lattice that are of importance to the diffusion process. We first derive a dynamic structural model from the Raman measurements that captures the simultaneous crystal-like and fluid-like properties of this fast-ion conductor. Then we show and discuss the importance of anharmonic relaxational motion that arises from the iodine host lattice by demonstrating its strong impact on ion conduction in superionic AgI.


That people estimate quantities, or have beliefs about them, is a daily observable phenomenon. People also quantify their beliefs, at least in theory, by ascribing to them probability numbers. It is shown that quantified beliefs and estimations give rise to the same model, that of a type space, and can therefore be viewed as the two sides of the same coin. We study the axiom that an agent's estimation of his own estimation is correct, showing it to be weaker than the introspection axiom, according to which an agent is certain of his own probabilistic beliefs. It implies, however, that the agent is certain that he is introspective, and it is equivalent to the axioms of averaging and conditioning, which are expressed in terms of probabilistic beliefs.


Objectives/Hypothesis Reconstruction of the mandible and oral cavity after segmental resection is a challenging surgical problem. Although osteocutaneous free flaps are generally accepted to be optimal for reconstruction of anterior defects, the need for bony reconstruction for a pure lateral mandibular defect remains controversial.


We present a fast and robust approach to tracking whole fluorescent cells in time-lapse series. The proposed tracking scheme involves two steps. First, coherence-enhancing diffusion filtering is applied on each frame to reduce the amount of noise and enhance flow-like structures. Second, the enhanced cell boundaries are detected by minimizing the Chan-Vese model in a fast level set-like framework. To allow simultaneous tracking of multiple cells over time, the contour evolution has been integrated with a topological prior exploiting the object indication function. Preliminary tracking experiments on 2D time-lapse series of GFP-transfected adipose-derived stem cells demonstrate high accuracy and short execution times.


Ultracold Rb atoms were used to demonstrate nondegenerate four-wave mixing through a Rydberg state. Continuous $5S\text{\ensuremath{-}}5P\text{\ensuremath{-}}nD$ two-photon excitation to the Rydberg state was combined with an $nD\text{\ensuremath{-}}6P$ tuned laser in a phase-matched geometry. The angular dependence, spatial profile, and dependence on detuning were investigated, showing good agreement with theory. Under optimum conditions 50% of the radiation was emitted into the phase-matched direction. The directional emission is promising for studying quantum effects in blockaded atom clouds.


Suppose we are given an almost isometry $\phi:E\to \mathbb R^D$ where $E$ is a finite subset of $\mathbb R^D$. Is it possible to decide if $\phi$ can be extended to an almost isometry to the whole of $\mathbb R^D$? In this paper, we study this interesting question. It turns out that this question is also basic to problems of interpolation and matching in theoretical computer science. We study these connections as well.


In the structure of the title compound, C7H7Cl2NO2S, the conformation of the N—H bond is syn to the meta-chloro group, in contrast with the anti conformation observed for the meta-methyl group in N-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methanesulfonamide and the conformation lying between syn and anti to the meta-chloro substituent in N-(3-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide. The bond parameters are similar to those in other methanesulfonanilides, except for some differences in the bond and torsion angles. There are N— H O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of dimers. C—H O interactions between the dimers lead to a ribbonlike structure.


The results of study of austempered ductile iron using different methods of austempering are presented. Except changing time, temperature of austenitizing and isothermal quenching, direct quenching, two-step quenching followed solution heat treatment (austenitizing) was proposed. The goal of this paper is to discuss the results obtained for ductile cast iron subjected two step austempering. Ultimate tensile strength, elongation, hardness, and fracture toughness, thermal stability were compared. Two-step quenching method of hardening seems to be promising.


Disaccharidase enzymes bound to the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells are essential in the liberation of glucose from dietary carbohydrates. Glucose uptake from the lumen of the small intestine is facilitated by transporters located in the apical membrane of enterocytes; subsequent diffusion into capillary blood occurs at the basolateral surface similarly facilitated by transporters.


Abstract : A research program has been performed to develop next-generation mathematics for sensing, exploitation and execution (MSEE). An important focus of the research has been on a new class of nonparametric Bayesian architectures that constitute a rich modeling framework while still yielding parsimonious representations. Such models are attractive from multiple perspectives: (i) they flexibly adjust model complexity and sophistication to match the observed data, while (ii) explicitly defining model uncertainty manifested by missing data, and thereby (iii) linking utility of data to the objectives and associated models; additionally, (iv) these models are ideal for joint modeling of heterogeneous and possibly contradictory data, by sharing an inferred and typically low-dimensional latent space. In the MSEE construct, the utility of data is linked to the sensing objective, which in turn motivates and refines the associated models.


This review examines the contribution of sociological perspectives to the study of relationships in later life. Three main areas are analysed: first, the family life of older people; second, marital relationships; third, friendship in later life. The article concludes with an assessment of the changes affecting the social lives of different groups of older people.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


During the last few years, the European Union has put an increased focus on culture as a phenomenon both within and outside of the Community. In 2007 the European Commission published its first pol ...


ABSTRACT Individuals not only have a natural tendency to interact with those who are demographically similar, but also have instrumental motives to contact diverse others and those of a higher status. This study investigates two kinds of instrumental interaction – horizontal diversity (the tendency to socialise with diverse others) and upper reachability (the tendency to socialise with high-status leaders) – in the development of social capital within organisations. The empirical results suggest that horizontal diversity predicts higher network centrality, but upper reachability has an inverted U-shaped effect. It is theoretically postulated that the mechanism by which instrumental interaction creates social capital. The results also suggest that the effect of upper reachability within organisational networks is much more complex than in general social networks, due to higher interdependence and competitiveness.


This paper introduces the working principle of voltage transformer secondary voltage parallel,parallel method and the impact of parallel by mistake.On the basis of theoretical analysis combining with the simple secondary circuit and sequence component calculation methods,it respectively calculates and analyzes one-phase ground fault and two-phase fault occured to the system,reaching the second voltage value of different fault cases,from the perspective of the simulated actual fault,it summarizes the cause of TV secondary parallel by mistake making protection rejecting act and TV secondary lead wire fusing;Meanwhile it also analyzes the cause of the isolating switch contact making voltage automiatic switching circuit abnormal work and making the TV secondary parallel by mistake.


A new approach based on the integral equation method is formulated for the calculation of scattering from a finite planar perfectly conducting screen with a narrow slot. First, using equivalent magnetic currents the screen is short-circuited. This means that electric currents can flow over the entire screen - slot configuration. Together with the magnetic currents, these electric currents are considered as the fundamental unknowns of the problem. The final integral equations are thus obtained for the electric sheet currents flowing on the short-circuited screen and the magnetic sheet currents on the slot. In the procedure introduced no special basis functions are required to describe the rapidly varying electric current on the screen in the vicinity of the slot. This boosts the efficiency of the technique with respect to traditional techniques. Numerical results are presented and discussed.


Abstract Public education is one influence on how young people learn to navigate social conflicts and to contribute to building democratic peace, including their sense of hope or powerlessness. Social studies curricula, in particular, introduce core concerns, geographies, governance and civil society, and participation skills and norms. History education narratives frame identity, (dis)trust or peaceful coexistence, and provide exemplars of how social conflicts and injustice have been handled in the past. To shed light on these peacebuilding and peace-blocking choices, this paper examines government-sanctioned social studies and history curricula in contrasting contexts of violent conflict and peace: Bangladesh, Colombia, México, and (Ontario) Canada. Our comparative analysis shows how these official curricula (de)normalize violence and militarism, present national identities as hegemonic/exclusive or plural/inclusive, and create opportunities for teaching/learning peacebuilding citizenship competencies such as conflict dialog, human rights awareness, and engagement in collective processes of civil society and governance.