Background : P robiotics as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. In healthy humans, there is a favorable balance between microbes and microbial pathogens. Diseases that commonly occur in the oral cavity are dental caries and periodontal disease, in which both diseases are caused due to an imbalance of both population and number of normal flora with microbial pathogens.Mechanism of action of probiotics can generally be classified as : competitive exclusion, bacterial antagonism and immune modulation. Purpose : The aim of this presentation was to review how the role of probiotics bacteria in the oral cavity. Reviews: Effect of oral administration of probiotics against dental caries has been observed in several experiments using several diffemet strains of probiotic bacteria. It has been proven that L.rhamnosus GG and L.casei potentially inhibit the growth of oral streptococci. Yogurt products that exists in Japan one of them containing Lactobacillus reuteri after consumption, to reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans in saliva. At the time of attachment, L.reuteri will produce bacteriosin to inhibit the growth of S.mutans. Conclusion :Probiotics bacteria as normal flora is very suitable for use as therapy in diseases of the oral cavity.


Since the reform and opening up,China's relations with the world has undergone a profound changes,the overseas situation also presents a new feature. In this context,to better to use the resources of overseas Chinese and carry out the overseas Chinese affairs public diplomacy,has become the inevitable choice of China's diplomatic strategy,and also a necessary requirement to promote China's peaceful development. China Dream is better to unite the Chinese people at home and abroad,and enhance the cohesion and influence of China in the world-wide. Taking the China Dream as the main reference and basic ways of expression,we can promote the overseas Chinese public diplomacy strategy construction and real expansion,and can be better to present our country to the world,and to enhance the modernization of China and the modernization of the world's interaction and to promote the peaceful development between China and the world.


The extended F-expansion method is used to construct many exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations.In this paper,many new families of exact solutions of the Vakhnenko and modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (mBBM) equations by using the extended F-expansion method are obtained.These exact solutions include solitons and periodic solutions.


Power delay profiles (PDPs) are an important factor in the design of wireless networks, e.g., in choosing the length of a cyclic prefix. While distributed networks are receiving increasing attention, the impact of cooperation on the PDP has not been addressed. We address this issue in this paper. Specifically, we analyze a network where each user is served by a cluster of Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) with RRH locations modeled as a Poisson point process. We compare and contrast user-centric (where the serving RRHs are in a circle centered at the user) and the disjoint clustering (where the network is partitioned into fixed regions and all users within a region are served by all RRHs in the same region). Our analysis provides effective tools for the design of distributed networks illustrating the benefits of user-centric clustering in both power and delay metrics.


As developing countries are faced with maintaining water resources and building adequate delivery systems, it is important to analyze historical data to determine actual levels of use. In many developing countries, however, records with the necessary level of detail have not been maintained. Therefore, it is especially important to account for a variety of factors that may influence usage rates. This paper explores how water use trends are specific to local conditions and how making the assumption that per‐capita rates in the United States, for example, will also be achieved in developing nations can lead to overdeveloped systems. Evidence is given regarding how many times gross estimates are made of future water demand based on assumed increase factors and ways in which these assumptions can be incorrect. This article identifies actual changes in water use over time and provides actual water use data for a range of consumer sectors to assist in planning demand. The article also examines the impact of water cost on domestic use.


As one of the most singular sound artists on the American scene since the early 1980s, William Basinski has created a defiant approach to sound that has helped configure new aesthetics of listening. His compositions, if that is the proper term, are primarily created by registering, cutting, assembling, and looping melodies recorded on old tapes. This text examines two of Basinski's most intriguing works: The Disintegration Loops (2002) and On Time Out of Time (2019). Both pieces explore notions of time, obsolescence, and technology through highly experimental creative strategies. The first of these works emerged unexpectedly while, in an attempt to digitalize the content of old tapes, their magnetic material cracked and flaked off, causing the sound to slowly collapse. The second was commissioned by Caltech and MIT's Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and transforms sound waves generated by the collision of two black holes that occurred 1.3 billion years ago. Thus, this text underlines how the artist's work is intertwined with an active investigation of sonic recording tools and temporality. Ultimately, Basinski's oeuvre proves that dying media and new technologies can merge to produce intricate, emotional, and visionary artworks that question the limits of our understanding of sound and how it is experienced.


Objective To establish a psychological supporting group for people living with HIV/AIDS and to explore the impact of group psychological intervention on them.Methods In a village of high concentration of HIV infected persons in Xia County(Shanxi Province),a group was made up of 13 people living with HIV/AIDS who volunteered to participate in group psychological counseling and intervention.Members of the group were exposed to group psychological intervention for six times and every time lastcd for 2-3 hours.Then,to assess the effectiveness of such intervention,they were investigated by Self-rating Depression Scale,Self-rating Anxiety Scale,Medical Coping Methods Questionnaire,Social Support Assessment Scale and Self-rating Scale.Results After the intervention,the levels of the anxiety and depression were relieved in group members and significant changes were found in the ways of coping with problems and seeking social support.Conclusion Group psychological intervention has helped to a certain extent to improve the psychological conditions and the coping strategies in people living with HIV/AIDS and strengthen their social support and peer support,and so should be further studied and extended.


Earthworm cast occurred in surface of turfgrass in golf courses which affect turfgrass maintenance and golf play. In this study several survey of seasonal fluctuation of earthworm cast in different golf courses (Anseong, Gapyeong, Gunpo and Yongin in Gyeonggi province, and Geumjeong in Busan) was done. A number of earthworm, soil temperature and moisture of detection site of earthworm cast in each golf course were also done. Cast occurred in different golf courses are found mostly from April to November on turf surface and the cast number varied in different month as well as in golf courses. In the same golf courses, a number of detected cast was difference from individual sites. A number of cast and earthworm was correlated. Also, in higher soil moisture showed the higher cast density in different golf courses. Soil temperature and moisture of detecting cast ranging from 2.1℃ to 33.1℃ and 4.9 to 44.1%, respectively. In case of cast, soil temperature level lies in between 10-15℃ where the highest soil moisture was 25%.


Over 70 Fellows, members and guests were present at the Section of Anaesthetics meeting on 2 February 1979, when the motion 'That this House believes that the highest standards of intensive care can be achieved by well trained anaesthetists' was debated. Dr J C Stoddart (consultant anaesthetist, in charge of intensive therapy unit, Newcastle upon Tyne) began by pointing out the difficulty of defining intensive therapy. This is because each intensive therapy unit (lTV) serves the needs of its own hospital and associated hospitals, which may be quite different from the requirements of other groups. He suggested that because of this the motion was equally easy to propose or to oppose. Historically, respiratory failure was the most important problem and because of this anaesthetists became involved with intensive therapy units in their early stages. In a recent comprehensive survey it was found that anaesthetists were in charge of more than 40% of the units throughout the country, and shared responsibility in many of the others. Since this process has evolved it presumably meets with the approval of nonanaesthetists who have to refer their patients to such units. The doctor in charge of the intensive therapy unit requires different qualities from those which are normally associated with physicians and surgeons. He should be capable of dealing quickly and efficiently with life-threatening emergencies and with failure of all five major body systems. Physicians are not by temperament or training used to making quick decisions, and surgeons are more likely to intervene with the knife. Anaesthetists are used to liaising between specialists of other disciplines and this is vital in the intensive therapy unit where consultation must playa major part. A further point is that the anaesthetist is not seen as a threat to the status and practice of physicians and surgeons. Finally Dr Stoddart referred to the training requirements of the FFARCS and pointed out that many anaesthetists now choose to spend more time in training, particularly in the field of medicine. He also said that not every anaesthetist was expected to be in charge of an intensive therapy unit. Opposing the motion, Dr G T Spencer (consultant anaesthetist, in charge ofITU, London) started by stressing the ambiguity of the motion, depending on the emphasis placed on words such as 'can' and 'achieve'. Anaesthetists are frequently chosen to be in charge of IT Us because they do not have continuing clinical responsibility for other


Heparin thromboprophylaxis is routinely administered during hospitalization for COVID-19. Because of the immune stimulation related to COVID-19, there is ongoing concern regarding a heightened incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We performed a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and medRxiv database to identify studies that reported clinical and laboratory characteristics and/or the incidence of HIT in patients with COVID-19. The primary aim was to systematically review the clinical features and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 with con fi rmed HIT. The secondary objective was to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of HIT in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A meta-analysis of 7 studies including 5849 patients revealed the pooled incidence of HIT in COVID-19 of 0.8 % (95 % con fi dence interval [CI], 0.2 % -3.2 % ; I 2 5 89 % ). The estimated incidences were 1.2 % (95 % CI, 0.3 % -3.9 % ; I 2 5 65 % ) vs 0.1 % (95 % CI, 0.0 % -0.4 % ; I 2 5 0 % ) in therapeutic vs prophylactic heparin subgroups, respectively. The pooled incidences of HIT were higher in critically ill patients with COVID-19 (2.2 % ; 95 % CI, 0.6 % -8.3 % ; I 2 5 72.5 % ) compared with noncritically ill patients (0.1 % ; 95 % CI, 0.0 % -0.4 % : I 2 5 0 % ). There were 19 cases of con fi rmed HIT and 1 with autoimmune HIT for clinical and laboratory characterization. The median time from heparin initiation to HIT diagnosis was 13.5 days (interquartile range, 10.75-16.25 days). Twelve (63 % ) developed thromboembolism after heparin therapy. In conclusion, the incidence of HIT in patients with COVID-19 was comparable to patients without COVID-19, with higher incidences with therapeutic anticoagulation and in critically ill patients. anticoagulation initial platelet counts, nadir platelet counts, thromboembolic events after heparin initiation, clinical scoring systems, screening immunoassays for HIT, con fi rmatory assays for HIT, alternative nonheparin anticoagulants, bleeding events, platelet transfusion, platelet recovery after nonheparin anticoagulants, patient ' s outcomes, the incidence of con fi rmed HIT, and the frequency of anti-PF4/H Ab detection. on suspicion of HIT. In the 1 study anti-PF4/H in consecutive ICU of anti-PF4/H-associated polyspeci


In the article we compare the communication of the companies towards customers on social networks. We measure the effectiveness of communication by comparing groups managed by sponsored brand ambassadors and managed by regular non-affiliated users. The article measures the reactions to this corporate communication (likes) and how users interact to the corporate communication (comments). This is compared to how users respond and comment in non-corporate groups. We obtain data using our own parser after downloading it from a specialized social network, the blue horse, focused on parents and children. Although the research is done on a smaller and specialized network, it is safe to expect, that similar principles apply in targeted groups on larger networks such as Facebook as well. Both formal and informal promotion from a paid ambassador increases the average user activity in the group, rising not just the number of contributions, but also engagement (ie comments and likes) and brand awareness. Such comparison of activity and communication in corporate and unmanaged groups is unique.


Settling basins are extensively used to remove suspended solids from effluents. Experimental information on the magnitude of density currents in settling basins shows that the velocities of sediment-induced density currents near the upstream region of the settling basin are one order of magnitude larger than the flow-through velocities in the basins. Therefore, performance of settling basins is controlled, primarily, by density currents and not by flow-through velocity. An analytical model is described to predict density currents induced by settling solids in rectangular sedimentation basins. The conservation equations for fluid and sediment mass, fluid momentum, and fluid energy, on integration over the flow depth using similarity profiles for concentration and velocity, are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations solved analytically. Analytical expressions for longitudinal variations of sediment concentration and velocity along the settling basin are presented. The density-induced velocity decreases linearly along the length of the basin for both laminar and turbulent regimes. The decay of sediment concentration is quadratic for laminar flows and cubic for turbulent flows. The analytical results compare reasonably well with the available experimental data.


The present invention, the water treatment device (1), more specifically, to induce the water and / or appliances for warming water, or preparing food and / or beverage with the treated drinking water and products for cooking, for example, an automatic beverage machine using the treated water, automatic coffee machines, ice machines, cooking and baking equipment, steam generator or a high-pressure washer, relates water treatment apparatus of the air conditioner or the like, water treatment apparatus includes an agent (3) present in solid form in order to reduce the mineral precipitates. Wherein the water treatment device is that the first medium to influence the dissolution behavior of a medicament for reducing the mineral precipitates is provided. [Representative view Figure 1


It has been observed that children who receive ceftriaxone, gender, age, weight, the dose and the duration of the drug are risk factors for the appearance of stone or mud in ekforitika systems of bile and urine.
Purpose: the purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible effects of the receive ceftriaxone dosing in pediatric patients who have been admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of an infection, and the likelihood of gallstones, nefrolithwn or mud in their respective drainage pathways, as well as their relationship with the history of the mother during pregnancy.
Study design: The methodological foundation of this work is based on qualitative research. For the collection of bibliography and bibliography search used books, original studies, bibliographical reviews and summaries of investigations in cases where there was no full article access. For the collection of data used the databases PubMed, Google Scholar.
Material and methods: The sample of the study were 128 mothers have received ceftriaxone (ceftriaxone) intramural for some kind of infection, where observed the effects of drugs and possible pathological causes during pregnancy, associated with the subsequent appearance of stones of pediatric patients. The presentation and analysis of the results was carried out using statistical program of IBM, SPSS version 22.0 .
Ethical issues: the study does not involve risks for the health of participants. The data collected through interview from concerned women who volunteered with their will to respond and is completely anonymous. Any personal data will not be exposed.
Results: the correlation of receive ceftriaxone with taking medications, such as progesterone during pregnancy of the mother with the disease of Crohn and mother with diabetes mellitus was significant for the probability of occurrence of cholo-or nephro-pseydolithiasis in children. The results are described in detail in the discussion.
Conclusions: Sponsored medicines during pregnancy and the medical condition of the mother is inextricably linked with the possibility of mud or stones in the bile ducts or in the kidney of the paediatric patient in which grant receive ceftriaxone is necessary.


Abstract : The essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency syndrome was related to the initial changes in function and structure of the barrier region of rats fed an EFA-free test diet. Skin recovery was also studied when the diet was supplemented with EFA. Lipid analyses of normal and dificient skins employing gas liquid and thin layer chromatography are given in detail. A fundamental study relating chemical structure and skin penetration rates of alkylamines was made. Penetration of the test material through skin was monitored by employing monoamine oxidase in the skin penetration vessel (modified Warburg) as described in previous reports. Also reported are the effects of repeated topical exposure to common solvents on skin permeability. Preliminary observations on the ultrastructure of the epidermis of both normal and EFA-deficient rats are reported. Electron micrographs depicting structural differences are presented. Studies of isolated epidermal proteins from the point of view of developing skin models to gain further insight into the nature of the skin barrier continue. Skin characterization from a physicochemical point of view is under study. Data relating to water diffusion through skin as a function of temperature and relative humidity are reported. (Author)


In this work, we investigate the bipartite entanglement of decohered mixed states generated from maximally entangled cluster states of n qubits physical system. We introduce the disconnected cluste...


In the pullback operation of horizontal directional drilling pipeline crossing, the existing calculation and prediction models of pullback force are relatively simple. Each pullback force maze greatly simplifies the wellbore trajectory and fails to make a detailed analysis of the pipeline stress and external resistance when the pipeline is pulled back in each characteristic trajectory area. The factors considered are relatively simple. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the calculation method of pullback force. This paper aims to establish an improved model, enhancing the earth pressure calculation method of unloading arch and winch calculation method, and carries out an example calculation of the improved formula. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pullback process of horizontal directional drilling pipeline. Firstly, this paper analyzes the calculation method of pullback force in horizontal directional drilling; studies the calculation formula and principle of common pullback force through examples; obtains the advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scope of different formulas; and improves the calculation model of pullback force and step resistance. The numerical simulation of the step crossing process is carried out, and the variation law of local stress and strain of the pipeline and relevant conclusions are obtained. The results show that the estimates of the winch calculation method are close to the actual pullback load of the project. The earth pressure calculation method of the unloading arch and the winch calculation method are improved, and a more stable and reliable calculation formula is obtained, which provides more valuable calculation data for the actual project. In the process of pullback, the pipeline will encounter step resistance after passing through the soft and hard staggered stratum, which will suddenly increase the increment of pipeline pullback force and lead to engineering accidents. If the pullback load suddenly increases and then decreases, it may encounter similar pipeline collision accidents. At the same time, emergency measures can be taken to prevent the crossing accident and ensure the safe pullback of the pipeline.


NASA Glenn Research Center is investigating hybrid electric and turboelectric propulsion concepts for future aircraft to reduce fuel burn, emissions, and noise. Systems studies show that the weight and efficiency of the electric system components need to be improved for this concept to be feasible. This effort aims to identify design parameters that affect power density and efficiency for a double-Halbach array permanent-magnet ironless axial flux motor configuration. These parameters include both geometrical and higher-order parameters, including pole count, rotor speed, current density, and geometries of the magnets, windings, and air gap.


The purpose of this article is to define Changhee–Barnes' q-Bernoulli numbers which are the extension of the multiple Changhee q-Bernoulli numbers by the computations of the multivariate p-adic q-integrals, and to give the new explicit formulae which are related to these numbers.


Objective This study assessed the risk perception and preventive behavioral practice towards COVID-19 just prior to the second wave of corona, as well as the impact of perceived risk on preventive practices. Design, setting, participants, and outcome measures A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021, involving 1382 respondents aged 18 years and above from all eight divisions in Bangladesh. We used multiple linear regression to identify sociodemographic predictors of risk perception and multiple logistic regression to determine the relationship between risk perception and preventive practice. Results Low risk perception regarding COVID-19 was present among one-fifth of the respondents (19.8%). Younger age, being male, low education, single marital status, and rural residence were significantly associated with a low perceived risk of COVID-19. Hand washing and wearing mask were practiced by 80% and 67% of respondents, respectively. A low prevalence was noticed for social distancing (31%), avoiding social gathering (31%), and covering face while coughing/sneezing (18%). Furthermore, respondents with a high risk perception were found to be more likely than those with a low risk perception to practice all recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviors- hand washing (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.5, 3.7), mask use (OR=3.4, 95% CI=2.3, 5), social distancing (OR=3.7, 95% CI=2.4, 5.6), sanitizer use (OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.8, 4.1), avoiding gathering (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.6, 3.5), avoid touching face and mouth (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.5, 5.3), and covering mouth while coughing/sneezing (OR=7, 95% CI=3.6, 13.4). Conclusion Considerable number of Bangladeshi adults had low risk perception and low practice of some vital COVID-19 preventive behaviors before the onset of second wave of corona. All preventive practices were also influenced by risk perception. This highlights the importance of strengthening and optimizing risk communication strategy even when the number of corona cases are low.


Wide-bandgap semiconductors have a significant advantage over conventional Si-based electronics by leveraging materials properties to achieve higher breakdown voltage, lower on-resistance, and high-frequency operation. For electric vehicle drivetrains, this translates to higher efficiency and power density, resulting in more miles driven per charge. This move towards wide-bandgap power electronics is necessary to achieve the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) power electronics density target of 100 kW/L.
 Vertical gallium nitride-based power devices are expected to exceed Si and even SiC-based systems with the promise of increased performance and power density. Compared to lateral GaN devices, a vertical topology promotes more efficient scaling towards high-power applications, where both high voltage and high current are necessary. This talk describes our team's effort towards developing vertical GaN MOSFETs. The results of Sandia's first-generation device demonstrator serve as a milestone in the path of producing devices rated for 1200-V and 100-A operation.
 The vertical GaN trench MOSFET is unique compared to Si- or SiC-alternatives in that the doped layers comprising the source and body regions are grown by epitaxy rather than formed by ion implantation. Challenges with selective-area doping in GaN add additional complexity to the design of a trench MOSFET. In addition, the lack of a high-quality native oxide in GaN means that the gate dielectric must be deposited rather than thermally grown. The devices produced at Sandia rely on atomic-layer-deposited thin films for the gate dielectric (primarily Al2O3 or SiO2). First-generation results demonstrate devices capable of 400 mA/mm drain current, 108 on/off ratio, and a positive threshold voltage near 8 V. More recently, devices capable of blocking 500 V in the off-state have been demonstrated. Device failure in the off-state results from high fields in the gate dielectric, which can be minimized by reducing the trench etch depth or by increasing the voltage rating of the drift region. However, further shielding of the gate dielectric to achieve substantially higher off-state voltages requires significant changes to the device architecture which are reliant on selective-area doping. In addition, device-killing defects either from the starting substrate, the epitaxy, or defects introduced during processing limit yield for large-area devices and present a substantial obstacle to scale devices for high-current operation. Hence, methods for reducing cell pitch and increasing packing density are highly valued. In this talk, we will discuss the path forward for achieving higher breakdown voltages and high-current operation using GaN-specific strategies to achieve better performing devices, as well as some of the challenges for vertical GaN development. This work provides a foundational platform for developing next-generation power electronics that employ wide bandgap, gallium nitride semiconductors.

 This work was supported by the Electric Drivetrain Consortium managed by Susan Rogers of DOE's Vehicle Technologies Office. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.

 Figure 1


The first goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to eradicate poverty in quantity and reduce poverty in various forms. The problem of poverty is often seen as a unidimensional problem. However, the measurement of poverty which uses only a monetary point of view is not enough to explain the deprivation experienced by the poor. Using the 2018 Indonesian National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas), this study analyzes the effect of household socioeconomic characteristics on multidimensional poverty status. Socioeconomic factors do not always have the same effect on multidimensional poverty or monetary poverty. The status of formal workers is only significant in monetary poverty. Regional topography has a strong influence on multidimensional poverty alone. Non-formal credit only affects monetary poverty and its direction is positive, whereas the distance to a public health centre (Puskesmas) only affects households that experience poverty and multidimensional poverty. Government efforts in reducing poverty may include re-promotion of family planning programs, expansion of Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) services for households with disabilities, promotion of non-formal education programs in pursuit of education equivalency programmes (Kejar Paket A/B/C), as well as improvement of financial access to the community, especially to the poor through formal institutions, asphalt village road infrastructure, and improved health services in Puskesmas dan hospitalization facilities


Dialect studies involve difficult academic phases, some of which are compiling texts, deciphering, card indexing and their analysis, classifying dialect groups, and preparing a dictionary or an index. Each of these phases has its own degree of difficulty. The academician faces different issues while doing his/her research. Studies proposing solutions to these issues would be a guide and open new horizons for the researchers who get involved with such academic research. There has been considerable research on the problems encountered in dialect studies until now. In these studies, the problems about resource persons, methods and dictionaries have been frequently dealt with, however grammatical indexes have never been mentioned yet.. This article dwells on the problems encountered while preparing grammatical indexes in the studies on dialects.


The absolute electron impact ionization cross sections for lithium in the energy range between 100 and 2000 eV were measured by the nonmodulated crossed beam technique. The neutral lithium beam is produced by a Knudsen cell and crossed at right angles with the electron beam. The ions formed are collected on a plate and their intensity determined with a dc amplifier. The neutral beam is condensed on a cold trap cooled with liquid nitrogen, this temperature being much lower than that required to obtain total condensation. The amount of metal deposited is measured by the isotopic dilution technique and by atomic absorption, and the density of the atoms in the neutral beam is calculated. The total absolute ionization cross sections can then be determined. All possible errors have been carefully analyzed and their magnitudes estimated. The absolute ionization cross section for Li at an energy of 500 eV is QLi=0.358 × 10−16 cm2. This value is half of that obtained by McFarland and Kinney. The partial ionization...


For any vector r = r1 + r2 an expansion is derived for the product of a power rN of its magnitude and a surface spherical harmonic YLM(ϑ, φ) of its polar angles in terms of spherical harmonics of the angles (ϑ1, φ1) and (ϑ2, φ2). The radial factors satisfy simple differential equations; their solutions can be expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions of the variable (r )2, and the leading coefficients by means of Gaunt's coefficients or 3j symbols. A number of linear transformations and three‐term recurrence relations between the radial function are derived; but in contrast to the case L = 0, no generally valid expressions symmetric in r1 and r2 could be found. By interpreting the terms operationally, an expansion is derived for the product of YLM(ϑ, φ) and an arbitrary function f(r). The radial factors are expansions in derivatives of f(r>); for spherical waves, they factorize into Bessel functions of r1 and r2 in agreement with the expansion by Friedman and Russek. The 3j symbols are briefly dis...


Chestnut oak regeneration hotspots were investigated in 52 mature mixed-oak stands in the central Appalachians. Four methods: ranking, SaTScan, ClusterSeer, and classification tree were applied to detect chestnut oak regeneration hotspots. Ranking method provided a quick assessment of the regeneration hotspot; SaTScan and ClusterSeer compromised the spatial correlation among the plots; classification tree not only identified the regeneration hotspots but also presented the associated biotic and abiotic variables simultaneously. The results from these four different methods were similar to each other, and no method seems statistically and ecologically superior to the others. Inclusive knowledge of the relationships between regeneration abundance and biotic and abiotic factors can help resource management agencies, such as Forest Service and Park Service to maintain a healthy, diverse, and compositionally stable forest ecosystem.


Meeting Information: 100th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting; January 12, 2020 - January 16, 2020; Boston, MA; United States
Meeting Sponsor: American Meteorological Society (AMS-HQ); Boston, MA, United States
Contract/Grant/Task Num: 80GSFC17C0003; 80NSSC18M0092; NNX15AT34A
Financial Sponsor: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; 610.2 Code 610.2; Greenbelt, MD, United States


Relaxing the sequential specification of shared objects has been proposed as a promising approach to obtain implementations with better complexity. In this paper, we study the step complexity of relaxed variants of two common shared objects: max registers and counters. In particular, we consider the $k$-multiplicative-accurate max register and the k-multiplicative-accurate counter, where read operations are allowed to err by a multiplicative factor of $k$ (for some $k\in \mathbb{N}$). More accurately, reads are allowed to return an approximate value $x$ of the maximum value $v$ previously written to the max register, or of the number $v$ of increments previously applied to the counter, respectively, such that $v/k\leq x\leq v. k$. We provide upper and lower bounds on the complexity of implementing these objects in a wait-free manner in the shared memory model.


Some critics are blaming a local media campaign against MMR 15 years ago for the recent measles outbreak in Wales, but what evidence is there of a link? Margaret McCartney reports


A few years ago, working in the archives of a country house in the south Midlands, I was told by my hostess that one of her titled neighbors had just had a request for access to his family papers from a historian who was writing a book on the decline and fall of the British aristocracy. I got the clear impression that the noble neighbor, at any rate, thought this a cheeky proposal, and I also sensed (American scholars may sometimes be oversensitive in such cases) that the historian was American. My impression in this instance was at least prescient, for the scholar in question is currently professor of history at Columbia University in the city of New York. Whether David Cannadine is cheeky, I would probably not be thought competent to judge, but it is plain that more than one titled Briton thinks so, as pained reviews and press reports attest. Among the noble reviewers is the fifth earl Russell (alias Conrad Russell), perhaps annoyed by Cannadine's suggestion that the third earl (alias Bertrand Russell) supported himself between the wars by writing philosophical potboilers. I think myself that the term is a little hard. Still, whatever their explanation, I cannot concur with most of the present Lord Russell's conclusions on Cannadine's impressive volume. Though Russell's view is not entirely negative, and indeed includes generous praise, it begins with some basic contentions that require examination: that the interpretation is not essentially new or even controversial, and that it is not based based on rigorous original scholarship. While perhaps in one sense literally true, such suggestions are seriously misleading. Russell does concede that the book is well


Purpose- This study seeks to investigate the collaboration between Digitalization and traditional manufacturing industry and investigate, how digitalized management brings new chances and challenges of management. Design/methodology/approach – The author designed a content analytical study researching the role of digitalization in traditional manufacturing industries. The article presents a selective but systematical review of recent digitalization trend and digital twin to be applied for innovative management in Industry 4.0 era. Findings– Digitalization is highly correlated with traditional manufactory in Industry 4.0 era. The study brings a new outlook on the next wave of Digitalization and review of associated challenges and opportunities for management and innovation in traditional manufacturing industries. Research limitations/implications – The research focuses on two branches of traditional industries only: machine tools building and metalworking industries. Future research needs to examine other traditional industries. The research is limited to 2 high related traditional manufacturing industries, machine tools and metalworking industry. Practical implications – The study and application of digitalization should be highly recommended and launched in traditional manufacturing industries. Universities, institutes and vocational schools should update, optimize their courses systems according to prediction of future industry. Originality/value – The paper enhances understanding about the collaboration between digitalization and traditional manufacturing industry. This paper analyzes an important issue the digitalization serves traditional industries. It is unique in its broad analysis of the related terms – Digitalization, Machines 4.0, Industry 4.0 and innovative management in Industry 4.0 era.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sperm motility and DNA integrity at different temperatures to analyze whether the sperms are suitable on the second day for insemination of in vitro matured oocytes by intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) following density gradient centrifugation (DGC) and swim-up (SU) procedures. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 30 outpatients who visited the Center for Reproductive Medicine for semen analyses. Following sperm selection by DGC and SU procedures, the liquified semen samples were divided into three groups and incubated at 4, 25, and 37°C, respectively. Following incubation for 24, 48, and 72 hours, the sperm motility and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were analyzed. Results: Following the combination of DGC and SU procedures, the sperm motility (91.8% ± 8.6% vs. 50.8% ± 13.1%) and DFI (5.1% ± 7.9% vs. 13.0% ± 11.6%) were significantly improved (P <0.01) compared to those without any treatment. The sperm motility of the 3 groups significantly declined (P <0.05) post-incubation compared to that of the groups prior incubation. However, sperm motility significantly increased (76.9% ± 10.4%) (P <0.05) at 25°C compared to that of the other 2 groups (53.5% ± 11.0% and 47.6% ± 10.2%). Sperm DFI significantly increased (P <0.05) at 37°C following incubation for 24 and 72 hours in comparison to that of the other 2 groups. However, the sperm DFI did not significantly increase when the sperm samples were incubated at 4 (5.7% ± 5.9%) and 25°C (6.8% ± 5.6%) for 24 hours compared to that before incubation (5.1% ± 7.9%). Conclusions: These results indicate that the sperm quality, in terms of motility and DFI, can be efficiently improved by DGC in combination with SU. Following which, the sperm samples can be incubated at 25°C and be used on the second day for insemination of in vitro matured oocytes by ICSI.


We have developed a new theory to describe the current-voltage characteristics of amorphous silicon based alloy field effect transistors. We show that the transition from below to above threshold operation occurs when the Fermi level in the accumulation region moves from the deep to tail localized states in the energy gap and that the field effect mobility is dependent on gate voltage. We also propose a new technique to determine the flat-band voltage from the I-V characteristics in the below threshold regime.


Speleothem is a main viewing scene in tourist cave.Because of irrational exploitation and absence of some essential safeguard of the cave,many tourist caves' circumstances were varied,such as the breeding of a lot of lighting plants,the landscape air-slaked and the landscape faded that were all directly influence the sustainable development of cave tourism.In this paper the cave system of Meishan Dragon Palace Cave in Xinhua county,Hunan province,was taken as the example to analyze the cause and mechanism of the lighting plant produced by speleothem from the aspects of temperature change,lighting system and human action.Some preventive and controllable measures and suggestions were proposed.


Grid computing is often out of reach for the very scientists who need these resources because of the complexity of popular middleware suites. Some effort has gone into abstracting away these complexities using graphical user interfaces, some of which have been Web-based. This paper presents a lightweight and portable interface for Grid management, that is made possible using recent advances in dynamic technologies for Web applications. Case studies are presented to demonstrate that this interface is both usable and useful. An analysis of usage then highlights some positive and negative aspects of this approach.


The chapter is divided into three main sections covering Kilwardby's work on natural philosophy. The chapter starts with the basic issues of composition of corporeal substances and proceeds to consider the question of the nature of composition (versus simplicity) of the human soul. It also attempts to understand Kilwardby's philosophical commitments underlying his involvement in the Oxford Prohibitions of 1277. Particular attention is paid to the notion of matter and simplicity that offers cues to the identification of the view(s) Kilwardby may be targeting in this event. In this chapter, I also show the nature of the events surrounding the 1277 Oxford Prohibitions in such a way that it makes clear that Kilwardby was not and could not be acting alone or even at his own initiative. Rather, the claim is that he was probably spearheading a philosophical and theological movement of opposition to certain interpretations of Aristotelian ideas, especially in natural philosophy. The final section of the chapter offers Kilwardby's account of the nature of celestial change and the relation between celestial motion and time.


According to the ISSVA classification for vascular anomalies (2018), composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is defined as locally aggressive or borderline vascular tumors. Vascular tumors can be divided into three categories according to the degree of malignancy: benign tumors, locally aggressive or borderline tumors, malignant tumors. Locally aggressive or borderline tumors. Locally aggressive or borderline vascular tumors is a low-grade malignant tumor with metastatic potential which includes: kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, retiform hemangioendothelioma (RHE), papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma, Dabska tumor, CHE, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma, polymorphous hemangioendothelioma, hemangioendothelioma not otherwise specified Kaposi sarcoma, and others (1). Through the analysis of the existing literature reports, CHE mainly occurs in the dermis and subcutis of extremities, but rarely in bones (2). And it mainly occurs in young and middle-aged women, with a long course of illness and painless growth of tumors. It is easy to recur after surgical excision, but less metastasis occurs (3). Due to the rarity of CHE, it is difficult for general clinicians in maxillofacial surgery and pathology to diagnose the disease accurately, which leads to the inaccurate statistics of its incidence. Fifty-six cases of CHE have been reported in English literature since the definition of CHE was made Case Report


This article describes new approaches in rapid prototyping large sand moulds using industrial robots. In contrast to state of the art processes, the new approaches work three‐dimensionally taking advantage of the large working area of industrial robots.


The United States and Canada have shared interests as they relate to ensuring effective regional and global environmental governance. At the same time, U.S.-Canadian ecopolitics has exhibited instances of policy divergence. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine U.S.-Canadian binational efforts to confront environmental challenges that affect both countries. In short, to what extent have the U.S. and Canada been able to resolve transboundary environmental problems that affect the quality of the North American ecosystem? In an effort to learn more about environmental relations involving two countries that share a lengthy North American border, we examined four major issues - - acid rain, NAFTA and the environmental provisions, stratospheric ozone depletion, global warming- - and assess the actions taken by the U.S. and Canada to resolve these shared environmental concerns.


This paper addresses the occupational behavior of mothers of young children, focusing on the relationships between the environment, the women's mothering role, and their daily routines. In this study, the use of qualitative methods and a socio-political perspective revealed the meanings the women's mothering role has for them, and the ways in which its content and enactment are shaped within a wider context of social and economic relationships. This paper discusses the implications the study findings have on developing the concept of role in occupational therapy models of practice, and their contribution to developing a science of occupation.


The Brazilian Startup market has been growing fast recently, but the assessment of a startup company is still considered a black box by many authors and investors in the market. The main reason for the difficulty of evaluating a startup is the lack of a universal methodology applicable to this type of company. In this article, the authors tested an alternative way to evaluate a company using key variables from the founder's experience. Approximately 30 Brazilian VC funds and the profile of 130 founders with public data were analyzed, and we found significance in the founder's senior management experience before the funding stage. The result is still basic to consider a new assessment approach for startups, but the main conclusion of this article is relevant: the experience of senior management has a significant and consistent impact on the assessment of a startup in Brazil.


Student assessment is a process that entails the collection of evidence of learning in diverse and systematic ways to make judgments on students' learning. What then is the perception of this vital tool in the hands of the users (teachers)? This study investigates teachers' conceptions of assessment and their choices of assessment tasks in postgraduate teacher training. Action research with one group pretest-posttest design was adopted for the study. The survey used to collect data for this study has three sections (A, B, & C). Section A elicits participants' personal information; Section B contains 20 different assessment tasks. Section C includes 26 items that examined participants' conceptions of assessment from four different sub-scales (school accountability, student accountability, improvement of teaching and learning, and irrelevance factors). The researchers further validated the survey, and the Alpha reliability coefficient of the whole scale was 0.85. Data collected from twenty-eight randomly selected teachers out of forty-five were analyzed using descriptive measures and paired sample t-test. Findings revealed that teachers enact both summative and formative assessment tasks but with preferences for summative tasks. A significant difference in teachers' conception of assessment was recorded, but there was no significant difference in teachers' assessment conception based on gender. Recommendations are presented to improve the research knowledgebase on assessment in the Nigerian education context.


A rocketsonde for airborne launch as part of the AN/AMQ-15 Weather Reconnaissance system is described. Details are given of the rocketsonde test program carried out at White Sands Proving Ground in...


The silkworm larvae reared on artificial diet were more susceptible to the infection per os with nuclear polyhedrosis virus than those reared on natural diet and furthermore the anti-viral activity in the digestive juice of the former was weaker than that of the latter. The fluorescent colours of the digestive juices from the larvae fed on natural or artificial diets, were different from each other, being red in the former and yellow in the latter. A protein having red fluorescence was fractionated from the digestive juice of silkworm larvae fed on natural diet, mulberry leaves. The fluorescent protein fraction inactivated the nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the inactivating potency was almost same both in the digestive juice and in the buffered solution containing this fluorescent protein fraction at nearly equal concentration of that in the digestive juice itself. It is concluded that this red fluorescent protein fraction may play an important role in the protective mechanism in silkworm larvae for per os infection by the silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus and that the fraction is not observed in the digestive juice from the larvae reared on artificial diet.


This study investigated the regulation of ascorbic acid and glutathione metabolism by hydrogen peroxide in wheat leaves under water stress. The results showed that H2O2 level, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and the contents of reduced ascorbate, reduced glutathione, total ascorbate and total glutathione were increased by water stress. And above increases were suppressed by pre-treatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride. Application of DPI also reduced H2O2 level, the activities of γ-ECS, GalLDH, APX, GR, DHAR and MDHAR, and the contents of AsA, GSH, total ascorbate and total glutathione, compared with control. Application of H2O2 to DPI-inhibited wheat seedlings prevented the reduction in the activities of APX, GR, MDHAR, DHAR, GalLDH and γ-ECS, and the contents of AsA, GSH, total ascorbate and total glutathione induced by DPI under water stress. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with DPI increased the malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage. Application of H2O2 to DPI-inhibited wheat seedlings prevented the increases in MDA content and EL. Our results suggested that water stress-induced H2O2 is a signal that leads to the up-regulation of ascorbate and glutathione metabolism and has an important role for acquisition of water-stress tolerance in wheat.


Cerberus is one of the four new teams in the RoboCup Tournament, Legged Robot Category. The team is a joint e ort of Bo gazi ci University (Turkey) and Technical University of So a, Branch Plovdiv (Bulgaria). We have divided the robot software design into six major tasks, and worked on those tasks in parallel. With limited time in our hands, our aims were a clear object oriented design, readable behavior architecture, and maximum code reuse.


The Large Scale Data Facility (LSDF) was started at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) end of 2009 to address the growing need for value-added storage services for its data intensive experiments. The main focus of the project is to provide scientific communities producing data collections in the tera — to petabyte range with the necessary hardware infrastructure as well as with adequate value-added services and support for the data management, processing, and preservation. In this work we describe the project's infrastructure and services design, as well as its meta data handling. Both community specific meta data schemes, a meta data repository, an application programming interface and a graphical tool for accessing the resources were developed to further support the processing workflows of the partner scientific communities. The analysis workflow of high throughput microscopy images for studying biomedical processes is described in detail.


Little is known about the participation rate of newly implemented colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs in China. Our goals were to identify factors associated with nonparticipation for CRC screening in Songjiang District, Shanghai. We analyzed individuals included in an observational cohort study from 4 towns (Xin Qiao, She Shan, Mao Gang, and Zhong Shan) in Songjiang District. The participation rate was calculated for the CRC screening program based on a fecal immunochemical test and a risk assessment questionnaire between 2015 and 2017 inclusive. Of the 27,130 individuals eligible for inclusion in this study, 20,863 (76.9%) participated in CRC screening at least once during 2015 and 2017. The factors linked with nonparticipation were; being male (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.93, P < .01), unmarried (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64–0.80, P < .01), having a high education level (middle school, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.90, P < .01, high school or above, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57–0.73, P < .01), absence of chronic disease (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.96, P < .01), and living in 2 out of the 4 towns covered (Xin Qiao, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66–0.78, P < .01, Zhong Shan, OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.26–0.31, P < .01). The current study revealed several associated factors with nonparticipation for the CRC screening in Songjiang district. These findings will help identify target populations that require an individualized approach to increase the participation rate.


Abstract The work presents a methodology for generating and implementing a complex row crop following robotic for a mobile agricultural robot. Fuzzy rules are used to compose and coordinate the simple behaviors using the specific agricultural contexts. Also, is proposed a method for coordinating the simple behaviors based on multiples arbiters that operate in different stages on the robotic architecture to perform the path tracking. A commercial robotic platform is adapted to simulate and support the behavior based on architecture to allow the experiment performed in order to evaluate the implemented behaviors and to evaluate the operational ability of the robotic platform on a simulated agricultural environment. The modularity of the architecture using decentralized arbiters simplifies the implementation of the robotic architecture. The results show the feasibility method to implement the behavior coordination and to compose complex behaviors based on fuzzy and non-fuzzy simple context dependent behaviors.


Sol-Gel Process is a new method of synthesis of high-quality of glass and glass-ceramics. Ferroeletric material, powder was made by reacting and in alcohol. There was about 16.5% weight loss in thermogravimetric analysis. It was crystallized to tetragonal structure by heat treatment at for 2 hours and had a specific surface area, 16.0 Shrinkage curve by sintering was began around in dilatometer analysis.


Objective To assess the serological surveillance results of IFAT carried out in different malaria endemic areas in Yunnan Province. Methods In 1999, 15 374 persons living in 28 counties of 7 prefectures were detected by IFAT. At the same time, the parasite rate in residents and API (annual parasite incidence) were also examined. Results The positive rate of IFAT, parasite rate in residents and API were 3.44%, 4.09%, 1.96‰ in Chinese Burma border area (9 counties), 1.28%, 0.62%, 0.54‰ in Yuanjiang River basin (7 counties), 1.26%, 0.15%, 0.36‰ in Chinese Viet Nam border area (6 counties), and 1.61%, 0.35%, 0.11‰ in malaria basically controlled area (6 counties). The results showed that the malaria prevalence was relatively higher in Chinese Burma area while Yuanjiang River area came second and that it was relatively lower in Chinese Viet Nam border area, and presented sporadic character in the basically controlled area. In addition, the IFAT results revealed significant differences among different areas and among different age groups. Conclusion The IFAT would play significant role for assessing the surveillance and management activities during the later stage of malaria control. Besides, the problems were also analysed and explored in the paper.


Based on a recent expedition, we report 36 moss species and one liverwort species from Kyrgyzstan. Orthotrichum affine Brid. is a new record for the country, and several species are reported as new to various provinces. Many of the species are common in large areas of the Northern Hemisphere, which demonstrates how the bryophyte flora of Kyrgyzstan is still poorly known.


ii 1.0 Introduction: 1 1.1 Importance of mental toughness in sport performance 2 1.2 The injury rehabilitation process 3 1.3 Purpose of study 3 2.0 Literature review: 4 2.


for complex engineering and science purposes, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) needs an enormous computational ability. It is essential to fully analyze, optimization and verify the viability of CFD methods. The meshing process is one of the key factors that affects the CFD simulation's accuracy. To generate sets of grid elements and determine the precision, meshing methodologies are employed. The article studies multiple meshing sizes. Utilizing the measured values obtained from the Wind-Tunnel, one can apply a performance estimation. The paper will employ the MK-82 bomb to verify the thesis. The Mk-82 bomb's aerodynamic coefficients are estimated in this article for typical flight circumstances (the test speed is 54 m/s). According to the paper's results, smaller element sizes produce more precise final results. However, the small size leads to high number of elements that need more hardware resources for the processing.


The chemisorption of hydrogen on Raney nickel has been studied by neutron inelastic spectroscopy at high energy transfer. The main vibration levels at 120 and 140 meV are interpreted as being produced by multi-bonded surface species. A weak band also appears around 280 meV, superposed on the harmonic of the 140 meV peak, which can be attributed to the vibration of a linear form Ni—H. This interpretation is supported by the optical spectra of transition metal hydrides of known structure.


Sturgeon culture has developed greatly since the 1980s. Cultured sturgeon are often fed a commercial salmonid feed high in fish meal (FM). However, economic and sustainability concerns have put pressure on aquafeed manufactures to incorporate alternative proteins such as soybean meal (SBM). This experiment investigates dietary SBM sensitivity in shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorhynchus). Diets were formulated to contain 0%, 17%, 34%, and 51% SBM and fed for 8 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), body and liver composition, and intestinal histology were determined. Although sturgeon growth rates were low for all diets, weight gain in fish fed the diet with 17% SBM averaged 55.6% of sturgeon fed the fish meal-based control diets. Statistically lower negative growth and FE (P < 0.05) were observed when SBM was included at 51% of the diet. However, whole-body proximate composition and hepatic lipid and glycogen content were not altered by dietary SBM inclusion level, and histological evaluation of the distal intestine was inconclusive. These results provide preliminary insight into the effect of diets containing high levels of SBM on growth and health of Scaphirhynchus sturgeon.


Efficient thermal management in high-power electronics cooling can be achieved using phase-change heat transfer devices, such as vapor chambers. Traditional vapor chambers use wicks to transport condensate for efficient thermal exchange and to prevent "dry-out" of the evaporator. However, wicks in vapor chambers present significant design challenges arising out of large pressure drops across the wicking material, which slows down condensate transport rates and increases the chances for dry-out. Thicker wicks add to overall thermal resistance, while deterring the development of thinner devices by limiting the total thickness of the vapor chamber. Wickless vapor chambers eliminate the use of metal wicks entirely, by incorporating complementary wettability-patterned flat plates on both the evaporator and the condenser side. Such surface modifications enhance fluid transport on the evaporator side, while allowing the chambers to be virtually as thin as imaginable, thereby permitting design of thermally efficient thin electronic cooling devices. While wick-free vapor chambers have been studied and efficient design strategies have been suggested, we delve into real-life applications of wick-free vapor chambers in forced air cooling of high-power electronics. An experimental setup is developed wherein two Si-based MOSFETs of TO-247-3 packaging having high conduction resistance, are connected in parallel and switched at 100 kHz, to emulate high frequency power electronics operations. A rectangular copper wick-free vapor chamber spreads heat laterally over a surface 13 times larger than the heating area. This chamber is cooled externally by a fan that circulates air at room temperature. The present experimental setup extends our previous work on wick-free vapor chambers, while demonstrating the effectiveness of low-cost air cooling in vapor-chamber enhanced high-power electronics applications.


The historical background and utilization of southern Saskatchewan is described. The utilization of the saline lakes is discussed and the rationale for studying them is outlined.


This study was performed to analyze the properties of the endosperm components of two pigmented rice varieties, glutinous and non-glutinous rice. Apparent amylose contents (AAC) of starch endosperm were 13.72% and 12.05% in pigmented non-glutinous rice and pigmented glutinous rice, respectively. Both initial temperatures for gelatinization of the two pigmented rice varieties were lower than that of milled rice. The enthalpy for gelatinization of pigmented non- glutinous rice was similar to that of milled rice, but higher than that of pigmented glutinous rice. Pigmented glutinous rice showed the highest ㎎/K ratio, which affected the glutinosity in cooked rice. No difference was found in amino acid content among the various groups; however, the lysine contents were higher in the two pigmented rice varieties compared to milled rice. There was no difference in the fatty acid composition among the groups tested. Moreover, the major components of fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid in the two pigmented rice varieties and milled rice. The breakdown value of gelatinization property by RVA (Rapid Visco Analyzer) was lowest in pigmented non- glutinous rice.


MINISTERS HAVE revealed how the new NHS pay system could work in practice with the publication of its national strategy for cancer nurses.


Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor and third most common cancer in children/teens, after lymphomas and brain tumors. OS is treated by surgery and multi-modal chemotherapy. Even though this treatment regimen has improved the 5-year survival rate to 60-70%, once osteosarcoma metastasize to lung and other bones, the survival is significantly reduced. Moreover, the quality of life for patients who do survive is often substantially reduced due to the toxicity associated with the chemotherapy. Since several decades, there hasn't been any improvement in the osteosarcoma treatment outcome. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism of osteosarcoma growth and metastasis and an urgent need to develop effective drug, which can be safe and effective for treating OS patients. We discovered that RNA methylation may regulate OS growth and progression by affecting autophagy. Our studies revealed that RNA demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) supports OS viability, migration and invasion as well as tumor growth. We discovered several autophagy related genes were significantly altered in ALKBH5-silenced OS cells compared to scrambled control. Importantly, levels of LC3, which is a universal marker for monitoring autophagy, was significantly increased in ALKBH5 depleted OS cells. Furthermore, we found that autophagy initiation complex protein ULK1 level was drastically increased in ALKBH5-silenced cells when compared to scrambled control. To further establish the role of autophagy in osteosarcomogenesis, we treated OS cells with chloroquine, which is a well-known autophagy inhibitor and is currently being investigated for treating adult cancers in clinical trials. Interestingly, silencing of ALKBH5 significantly improved the efficacy of chloroquine as revealed by drastically reduced viability and invasive ability of OS cells. In conclusion, our study is first to shows that RNA methylation plays a critical role osteosarcoma growth and progression by regulating autophagy. Citation Format: Panneerdoss Subbarayalu, Pooja Yadav, Manjeet Rao. RNA methylation regulates osteosarcoma growth and progression via autophagy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4274.


To evaluate the impact of the introduction of a Down syndrome screening policy in England, including implementation of the first‐trimester combined screening test, on reducing prenatal invasive diagnostic procedure rates.


We present a scheme based on the Blom scheme for resisting the Sybil type attacks. In this scheme, the authority pre-distributes the combination of the secret used in the Blom scheme. The attacker needs to compromise the specified number of nodes to compromise the whole systems. Furthermore, our scheme which provides a stronger relationship between ID and key would make authentication more reliable and resistant against the Sybil attacks.


The thermal hyperspectral sensor Hyper-Cam was mounted on a light aircraft and measured continuous releases of several atmospheric tracers from a height of 2 km. A unique detection algorithm that eliminates the need for clear background estimation was operated over the acquired data with excellent detection results. The data-cubes were acquired in a "target mode", which is a unique method of operation of the Hyper-Cam sensor. This method provides multiple views of the plume which can be exploited to enhance the detection performance. These encouraging results demonstrate the utility of airborne LWIR hyperspectral imaging for efficient detection and mapping of effluent gases for environmental monitoring.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the corrosion protective property of Al-Mg high-freqeuncy arc metal spray method in comparison to Zn-Sn and Zn-Al alloys by electrochemical method and CASS test. As a result, it appeared that Al-Mg alloy had very higher corrosion protective property through the electrochemical characteristic and the CASS test comparing with the other alloys.


The expansion of the coking industry and the raising of technical design standards are subject to the requirements of the consumer industries. Increased coke demand must be met by setting up additional capacity, i.e., by building new and overhauling (expanding) existing coking plants, in conformity with the following basic principles: the unit size of processing units and equipment must be increased; new processes and apparatus must be introduced; production processes must be intensified; the cost-effectiveness of production must be increased; mechanization and automation must be increased; and means must be devised for improving the health aspects of working conditions, eliminating sources of risk and preventing environmental pollution. (LTN)


Here we investigate the connection between topological order and the geometric entanglement, as measured by the logarithm of the overlap between a given state and its closest product state of blocks. We do this for a variety of topologically ordered systems such as the toric code, double semion, colour code and quantum double models. As happens for the entanglement entropy, we find that for sufficiently large block sizes the geometric entanglement is, up to possible sub-leading corrections, the sum of two contributions: a bulk contribution obeying a boundary law times the number of blocks and a contribution quantifying the underlying pattern of long-range entanglement of the topologically ordered state. This topological contribution is also present in the case of single-spin blocks in most cases, and constitutes an alternative characterization of topological order for these quantum states based on a multipartite entanglement measure. In particular, we see that the topological term for the two-dimensional colour code is twice as much as the one for the toric code, in accordance with recent renormalization group arguments (Bombin et al 2012 New J. Phys. 14 073048). Motivated by these results, we also derive a general formalism to obtain upper- and lower-bounds to the geometric entanglement of states with a non-Abelian group symmetry, and which we explicitly use to analyse quantum double models. Furthermore, we also provide an analysis of the robustness of the topological contribution in terms of renormalization and perturbation theory arguments, as well as a numerical estimation for small systems. Some of the results in this paper rely on the ability to disentangle single sites from the quantum state, which is always possible for the systems that we consider. Additionally we relate our results to the behaviour of the relative entropy of entanglement in topologically ordered systems, and discuss a number of numerical approaches based on tensor networks that could be employed to extract this topological contribution for large systems beyond exactly solvable models.


The present invention relates to novel 2-aryl-3-hydroxy-cyclopenet-2-en-1-one derivatives of formula (I) in which X is halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, alkyl sulphinyl, alkyl sulphonyl, halogen alkyl or halogen alkoxy; Y is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, alkyl sulphinyl, alkyl sulphonyl, halogen alkyl or halogen alkoxy; Z is halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy or halogen alkoxy; A, B, D , D , G and n have the meanings given in the description. The present invention also concerns several process for the production of these derivatives and their use as pesticides and herbicides.


Two simple models are introduced to predict the char yield of different polymers. The first model is based on the basis of the number of some atoms in the repeat units that may contain chemical groups/moieties such as methyl, phenyl, carbonyl, ether, amide, and ester. The second model uses some molecular fragments beside elemental composition to derive more reliable correlation. In contrast to available Quantitative Structure – Property Relationships (QSPR) methodology, there is no need to use complex molecular descriptors, computer codes and expert users. Two models were constructed on the basis of the measured char yield of 111 polymers and compared with the predicted results of group additivity method. The root mean square (RMS) deviations of the first and second models are 12.6 and 7.2, which are lower than those predicted by two group additivity methods, i.e. 16.3. The new models were tested for 11 new synthesized polymers, where the RMS values are lower than those obtained by group additivity method.


It addresses the fundamental problem of whether philology, linguistics and literature are discrete units or not, for this it explores the position of intellectuals regarding the delimitation of these disciplines and the current position of philology, through a questionnaire with the following questions? Is there a method (or methods) proper to philology? Is there an object of specific study and proper to philology? What is your distinction between literature, philology and linguistics? The questionnaire was sent to Gred Ibscher, Gary G. Parker, Andre-Marcel d'Ans, Rodolfo Cerron Palomino, Antonio Cornejo Polar, Enrique Ballon Aguirre and Washington Delgado.


In this study, two dark-object subtraction (DOS) based atmospheric correction methods were conducted for a GF-1 satellite image in 2016 over Guangzhou area, China. The effects of atmospheric correction were compared in two different domains, which are, ground reflectance and vegetation detection on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The obtained results show the DOS based atmospheric correction methods are effective for the GF-1 satellite images.


The goal of this work is the synthesis of some polyfunctional isocyanate compounds. The comparative study of two methods of preparation of polyisocyanates containing dibenzyl structures is presented. The first method deals with the synthesis of the triisocyanate containing dibenzyl by the addition reaction between 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol(trimethylolpropane, TMP) and 2,4′-dibenzyl diisocyanate(2,4′-DBDI). The second method consists in the polyaddition reaction between a polyisocyanate 2,2′,4,4′-dibenzyl tetraisocyanate(2,2′,4,4′-DBTI) and a polyester diol in order to obtain a linear polyurethane that contains pendant-free isocyanate groups. Such a polymer can be used as a support polymer able to subsequently react with different compounds containing active hydrogen groups such as drugs and dyes.


The invention discloses a control system of an aeroengine mounting vehicle, which comprises a PLC (programmable logic controller), an operation screen, an electro-hydraulic servo amplifier group, a hydraulic system and a built-in displacement sensor group, wherein the hydraulic system comprises an electro-hydraulic servo valve group, a hydraulic source, a pipeline system and a hydraulic oil cylinder group, the electro-hydraulic servo valve group is arranged in the pipeline system for connecting the hydraulic source with the hydraulic oil cylinder group, the operation screen is connected with the PLC through a bus, a control signal outputted by the PLC is amplified by the electro-hydraulic servo amplifier group and then connected with the electro-hydraulic servo valve group, the hydraulic oil cylinder group is equipped with a safety shutoff valve group, the displacement sensor group is arranged in the hydraulic oil cylinder group, and the output of the displacement sensor group is connected with the PLC. The control system has the beneficial effects of realizing six-degree-of-freedom precise control of main lifting, horizontal rotation, front and back movement, left and right movement, back end pitching, lateral rotation, front-end pitching, and up and down movement of the aeroengine mounting vehicle and has the advantages of high control precision, high degree of automation and the like.


We performed numerical simulations of the 2011 deep-seated Akatani landslide in central Japan to understand the dynamic friction process of the landslide. By comparing the forces obtained from the numerical simulation and seismic waveform inversion, the most probable friction model was estimated. Based on the numerical simulation, dynamic coefficient of friction was well constrained as 0.3 and a rapid increase of the velocity and the associated drop of the coefficient of friction were observed right after the onset of sliding. The friction law that controls landslide dynamics is velocity-weakening with sudden drop after the initiation of sliding, which accelerates the deep-seated landslide. The friction model calibrated here using seismic data helps to understand the dynamics of the landslide and provide the basic property of the shearing resistance of the slip plane.


Dalong Water Control Project is a key project in Hainan Province.During the construction,a scientific environment protection system is established,in which the environment management during the construction is strengthened through enhancing the consciousness of the constructors to create an environment-friendly construction site.In this way,the possible impact and damage from the construction are greatly alleviated,while the natural resources are utilized.


Iranian students encounter difficulties and challenges during their study in Malaysia. The effects of these challenges increase psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, tension and depression. Obviously, students need to be aware of what can help them to reduce the negative effects of migration on their mental health and what actions to take for better adjustment and academic success. Confidence in the ability to use control over an individual's behavior, social environment, and motivation can be reflected by self-efficacy, or students' belief in their own abilities to manage specific conditions. Self-efficacy can play a role in not only how students feel about themselves, but whether or not they successfully achieve their goals and will help to better adjustment. Lack of comprehensive research on self-efficacy and its related factor among Iranian students in Malaysia motivated the researchers to conduct this study. This study examines the relationship between optimism, dimensions of social support, demographic variables and self-efficacy among Iranian students of University Putra Malaysia (UPM). To achieve the aims of the study particular objectives were designed as follows: 1 To investigate significant differences in self-efficacy level across selected demographic variables (gender and marital status) among Iranian students in UPM, 2 To investigate the relationship between optimism, dimensions of social support and self-efficacy among Iranian students in UPM, 3 To investigate the extent to which optimism and dimensions of social support significantly predict the level of selfefficacy among Iranian students in UPM. This study employed a descriptive correlational design. A number of 251 Iranian students from UPM participated in this research. Simple random sampling was used to collect the data. The result of independent sample t-test showed no significant difference in level of self-efficacy across gender and marital status among Iranian students. The results of Pearson Correlation revealed positive correlation between optimism and dimensions of social support (family support, friends support and support from significant others) and self-efficacy. Moreover, the result of linear regression discovered that optimism and friends support were two significant predictors of self-efficacy among Iranian students. The findings of the study provide practical contributions to the field of educational psychology. This study offers valuable information to lecturers, educators, counselors, psychologist about factors which contribute to self-efficacy. Moreover, the result can help authorities develop approaches to improve students' self-efficacy. The findings also provide social and psychological researchers with some features of personality and behaviors among individuals that need to be probed further.


. The much quicker photobleaching of the photosensitive system suggests that there existscertain quick electron transfer reaction between compounds 1 and 2.


Thin films of Strontium Ruthenate have been grown on Strontium Titanate and Lanthanum Aluminate (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction results show that the films grown on the Strontium Titanate are amorphous and polycrystalline on the Lanthanum Aluminate. Resistances versus temperature measurements show that the films exhibit semiconducting characteristics. In addition to the growth of Strontium Ruthenate thin films, multilayer heterostructures of Terfenol-D thin films on polycrystalline Lead Titanate thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition. By using a novel experimental technique called magnetic field assisted piezoelectric force microscopy it is possible to investigate the magnetoelectric coupling between the electrostrictive Lead Titanate and magnetostrictive Terfenol-D thin film. Upon examination of the produced thin films the phase and amplitude components of the piezoelectric signal experience changes in response to an applied in-plane magnetic field. These changes provide experimental evidence of a magnetoelectric coupling between the Terfenol-D and Lead Titanate layers.


The venture capital of our country has the characteristic of "government-operated" obviously. This paper points out that the main obstacle which perplexes civil capital entering venture capital involves the problems of "two channels". One is the channel of venture capitalists "collecting the funds"; the other one is the channel of venture capitalists "obtaining the income" from venture enterprise. Furthermore, this paper studies the international experiences about risk capitals participating venture capital. Finally, how to guide the civil capital into the venture capital realm is studied in detail.


In some submarine structures, the acoustic radiation of vibrations at the neighbourhood of sonar equipment limits their use. So the aim of this study is to understand the process of acoustic radiation of a submerged plate subjected to a vibration. For the low frequency domain, only two types of wave can propagate: the first antisymmetric Lamb wave (A0) and the first symmetric Lamb wave (S0). When the plate is immersed in water the A0 wave is modified and the new wave is named A wave. In this work, experimental and numerical analysis of vibration modes in a plate are carried out. The studied rectangular plate of thickness 10 mm is made of steel. Its length and width are respectively 1.0 m and 0.5 m. The plate is partially immersed in water (90%). Flexural vibrations are generated by a shaker normally connected to the emerging plate part. The applied signal is one sinusoidal period at a frequency which is under the critical frequency. Relations between the admittance of the plate and the radiated pressure in water are highlighted.


PURPOSE
These studies examined corneal healing rates, Type-IV collagen and zonula occludens membrane-associated protein (ZO-1) expression, as well as aqueous PGE(2) and IL-1 beta concentrations in pigmented rabbits treated with either moxifloxacin 0.5%, gatifloxacin 0.3% or BSS following anterior keratectomy.

METHODS
Anterior keratectomy surgery was followed by topical administration with commercial ophthalmic formulations of either moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin or BSS (TID for 96 h). Images of the fluorescein-stained healing corneas were analyzed for wound area. At 48 or 96 h following surgery, aqueous humor samples were collected and analyzed for the inflammatory mediators PGE(2) and IL-1 beta using an ELISA. The corneas were subsequently evaluated using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In a second parallel study, corneas were evaluated at both 48 and 96 h for Type-IV collagen and ZO-1 expression using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
Fluorescein-stained corneal images at 96 h postsurgery demonstrated that 90% +/- 8% re-epithelialization for moxifloxacin, 81% +/- 14% for gatifloxacin, and 88 +/- 6% for BSS((R)) (P > 0.05). PGE(2 )levels in the aqueous humor of fluoroquinolone treated eyes were reduced at 48 h compared to BSS treated eyes. IL-1 beta was undetectable in all samples. No differences in Type-IV collagen or ZO-1 expression were observed between any treatment groups. There were no differences between groups in histological appearance or in ultrastructural healing processes.

CONCLUSIONS
These studies demonstrated that the commercial ophthalmic formulations of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin were similar to each other in their effects on the levels of aqueous humor PGE(2) and rates of corneal wound re-epithelialization.


The successful implementation of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) requires a positive attitude toward the BSC. Specifically, the BSC should be perceived as simple to use and of great usefulness. This study develops the measurement of BSC usage and examines whether the determinants impact the BSC usage through attitudinal factors. Most existing studies have quantified the BSC usage by identifying the stages of BSC application whereby the discrete step of usage is reflected rather than the degree of usage. This research work thus develops a measurement to reflect the degree of BSC usage by taking into consideration the key characteristics of BSC usage and their theoretical weights. In addition, this study examines the determinant-innovation relation by drawing on the organizational innovation theory and the technology acceptance model. In particular, this research article seeks to determine whether top management support and training are associated with the BSC usage through the attitudinal factors of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Based on 73 complete questionnaires, it is found that top management support and training are indirectly associated with the BSC usage through the perceived ease of use and the perceived usefulness factors. These findings highlight the vital role of the attitudinal factors as the mediating factors.


Based on the operating principle of the magnetron sputtering system with a circular plane target whose surface area is smaller than that of substrate,a mathematical model was developed to compute/simulate and discuss the influencing factors on the film thickness uniformity.The results showed that when the substrates are rotating axially and eccentrically,the target-substrate distance and eccentricity both affect the film thickness distribution.If the eccentricity is constant,the film thickness becomes thinner with increasing target-substrate distance,and the thickness uniformity tends to be improved.If the target-substrate distance is constant,the thickness uniformity becomes better then worse with increasing eccentricity.Moreover,if the substrate rotates axially and revolves round the target simultaneously,the thickness uniformity becomes better with increasing velocity ratio of axial rotation to revolution,and the effect of the ratio on the thickness uniformity becomes smaller gradually if the ratio increases to a certain degree.And it also has a certain impact on the film thickness distribution when the range of the etched area become wider.The rules as above provide theoretically a reference for the design of a magnetron sputtering system with small,circular and plane target and its applications.


ABSTRACTSurvey and excavation of road transects on the O'odham Reservation in 1973, using BIA-funded O'odham trainees, expanded reservation prehistory beyond the four sites (Jackrabbit Ruin, Valshni Village, Ash Hill, and Ventana Cave) excavated in the 1930s and 1940s. O'odham trainees were taken to Ventana Cave and Snaketown to facilitate site and artifact recognition, thus using previous excavations in an educational capacity. Julian Hayden provided an open ear and willingness to visit sites located by survey and thereby contributed indirectly to the interpretation of data that proved significant in those early days of Papaguerian research. This O'odham archaeological program became a model for other BIA-funded National Park Service surveys on Indian reservations in Arizona and New Mexico.


HISTORY OF INTRAMEDULLARY THERAPY At least as far back as 1903 Wolff 1 practiced marrow puncture on laboratory animals, and in 1910 Ghedini 2 reported an experience of several years in obtaining specimens of bone marrow from 24 living human patients through puncture holes in the tibia. He recommended the method for the diagnosis of blood dyscrasias without pathognomonic alterations in the circulating blood and for the diagnosis of kala-azar. In 1923 Seyfarth, 3 who had been seeking a substitute for splenic puncture in the diagnosis of kala-azar, described his use of a small hand trephine and a platinum wire loop for obtaining specimens of sternal marrow with the patient under local anesthesia. His discovery foreshadowed the observations of Debre and his associates 4 that sternal puncture in man gives more frequent positive cultures for the diagnosis of septicemia than does venipuncture. In 1928 Sonnenfeld 5 described a very small


Objective To observe the effect of different methods of cleaning and disinfection on hospital air conditioning ventilation systems,provide the basis for choosing the best method for cleaning and disinfection. Methods Quantitative bacterial detection method was used to observe the wiping,brushing method and scrubbing disinfectant wiping method for the cleaning and disinfecting effect on a hospital air conditioning system vents and return air filters. Results Using a towel moistened with water,the exceeding rate of the total number of bacteria after cleaning was 93. 5%. The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 100% and 57. 1% respectively. And after running water scrubbing the air filter,the exceeding rate of the total number of bacteria after cleaning was 90. 3%. The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 64. 3% and 28. 5% respectively. After scrubbing with flowing water, wiping the filter surface with 500mg / L chlorine disinfectant,1 000 mg / L benzalkonium bromide and 5 g / L of peracetic acid solution respectively,the total number of bacteria were all 5 cfu / cm2,all meet disinfection eligible requirements. Conclusions The hospital air conditioning system vents and return air filters should be brushed with running water firstly and then wiped with a disinfectant solution after demolition,then it can meet the disinfection requirements.


There is a general tendency that product life cycles get shortened and there is an increased customer demand for individualized products. These trends put pressure on companies to continuously bring new products to the market (Cooper & Kleinschmidt 1987a) Further it is a tendency that users of products are becoming more able to innovate by them selves rather than wait for the manufacturer to make the desired changes to products. This regards both fims and individual consumers (von Hippel 2005). Often these customers develop important product- and process innovations (Harhoff, Henkel, & von Hippel 2003). A possible response to the above described challenges of customization and faster innovation processes could be a closer collaboration with customers through strong and early linkages (Rothwell 1994). This article extends the different concepts of "user-innovation" originated by Eric von Hippel to a network innovation perspective and discusses the different concepts as a method when identifying industrial customers for network based innovation. This is done in order to provide insights in how the Fuzzy Front-End of network based innovation can become more efficient.


Timber men pitsawing near Anawhata. Taken by Albert Percy Godber, between 1915 and 1916.
Original print in Godber Album Vol 109, p 6 (PA1-q-102)
Inscriptions: Album page - Pitsawing. Anawhata.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 6.5 x 4.75 inches


Safety problem is a major issue in the wild environment monitoring.It not only is a threat to people's life,but also causes the great loss of the state and society.This paper analyzes the safety problems in the process of wild environment monitoring and puts effective preventive measures.


Although much clinical progress has been made in harnessing the immune system to recognize and target cancer, there is still a significant lack of an understanding of how tumors evade immune recognition and the mechanisms that drive tumor resistance to both T cell and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Our objective is to understand how tumor-mediated signaling through inhibitory receptors, including PD-1, combine to affect the process of T cell recognition of tumor antigen and activation signaling. Our goal is to understand the basis of resistance to PD-1 blockade and potentially identify new molecular targets to enable T cells to overcome dysfunction mediated by multiple inhibitory receptors. Biomembrane Force Probe(BFP) measurements show that that the activities of TCR-proximal signaling components affect T cell mechanosensing and sensitivity at the earliest stages of antigen recognition and are influenced by PD-1 and other inhibitory receptors via Shp-1/2 by targeting CD28 and Lckto directly suppress TCR-pMHC-CD8 binding. Phospho-proteomics and flow cytometry-based analysis of patient-derived T cells from PD-1 responders and non-responders identified additional mediators, signaling components and pathways associated with PD-1 checkpoint blockade resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing was utilized to determine if resistance is mediated by the continued signaling of multiple IRs by perturbing IR signaling in mouse models of PD-1 blockade. Targeting these interactions and understanding the basis of resistance to PD-1 blockade would potentially allow identification of novel biomarkers of resistance or new molecular targets to enable T cells to overcome dysfunction during PD-1 checkpoint blockade.


Inversion pulses are commonly employed in MRI for T1 ‐weighted contrast and relaxation measurements. In the brain, it is often assumed that adiabatic pulses saturate the nonaqueous magnetization. We investigated this assumption using solid‐state NMR to monitor the nonaqueous signal directly following adiabatic inversion and compared this with signals following hard and soft inversion pulses. The effects of the different preparations on relaxation dynamics were explored. Inversion recovery experiments were performed on ex vivo bovine and porcine brains using 360‐MHz (8.4 T) and 200‐MHz (4.7 T) NMR spectrometers, respectively, using broadband rectangular, adiabatic, and sinc inversion pulses as well as a long rectangular saturation pulse. Analogous human brain MRI experiments were performed at 3 T using single‐slice echo‐planar imaging. Relaxation data were fitted by mono‐ and biexponential decay models. Further fitting analysis was performed using only two inversion delay times. Adiabatic and sinc inversion left much of the nonaqueous magnetization along B0 and resulted in biexponential relaxation. Saturation of both aqueous and nonaqueous magnetization components led to effectively monoexponential T1 relaxation. Typical adiabatic inversion pulses do not, as has been widely assumed, saturate the nonaqueous proton magnetization in white matter. Unequal magnetization states in aqueous and nonaqueous 1H reservoirs prepared by soft and adiabatic pulses result in biexponential T1 relaxation. Both pools must be prepared in the same magnetization state (e.g., saturated or inverted) in order to observe consistent monoexponential relaxation.


Optimization is technique by which we can do our work in most efficient way as possible. This can be achieved by reducing no. of calculations in particular algorithm or reducing work done in any of the task. Mine blast algorithm is a new optimization algorithm which is population based algorithm for solving constrained engineering problems. Computational effort that is number of evaluating functions are less and the results of the computations are perfect. More than fifteen constrained problems are solved by Mine blast algorithm and results are more accurate. An introduction and detail about the algorithm as well as one application which is using mine blast for optimum results is also described in detail. The name of the application is speed reducer problem in which the mine blast algorithm is used to get the optimal results of the parameters which are optimal if we get as less value as we can. This result is compared with various other algorithms and hence mine blast algorithm proved to be most efficient in giving optimal results.


The development of accelerated corrosion test has been focused on cyclic corrosion test due to improved correlation with the field corrosion behavior. This study applied ISO 16539 to simulate the tropical coastal environment in Thailand. ISO 16539 method B with 0.1 g-salt/m2 correlated well with Rayong (C2) data. A method for calculating salt deposition and testing period was derived by interpolation and extrapolation of the simulated test results that were calibrated with the field-test database for Rayong (C2) and Phangnga (C4). This work enables the application of ISO 16539 in life prediction for carbon steel exposed under tropical coastal climate with sulfur dioxide deposition rate less than 13 [mg/m2/day: mmd] and chloride ion deposition rates more than 10 mmd.


One of the most important economic pillars is agriculture, which provides raw materials for industrial processes and much-needed food. However, agriculture is also a major contributor to climate change and environmental degradation. The need for sustainable agriculture has never been more pressing as the world grapples with numerous environmental issues that threaten food security and livelihoods. The launch of AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, a new journal dedicated to promoting sustainable agricultural practices, is a welcome and timely development. The journal will bring forward scientific information that addresses challenges in agriculture, economic, social, health, and environmental aspects.