Objective To explore the pathological features,biological characteristics and the metastasis of axillary lymph node of young breast cancer and postmenopausal breast cancer,and to improve the diagnosis and treatment level of breast cancer.Methods Retrospective analysis was made between the two groups of patients on the following aspects: pathological type,histological grade and immunohistochemistry.Results Among the 206 cases,infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the chief pathological type in the two groups,but the histological grade in the young group was significantly higher than that in the post-menopausal group.Of molecular biology markers(ER,PR,C-erb-2) inspection,there were significant differences.However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the metastasis of axillary lymph node.Conclusion Compared with postmenopausal breast cancer,there was higher histological grade,and the highly malignant biological nature in the young group.


Objectives: Vertigo is a sensation of spinning while stationary. It is commonly associated with nausea or vomiting, unsteadiness (postural instability), falls. It can affect a person``s thoughts and life style. Recurrent episodes in those with vertigo are common and frequently impair the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effects of herbal medicine on vertigo. Methods: We employed oriental medical treatments; herbal-medication (Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang gamibang), acupuncture and moxibustion. At the same time, the blood cupping therapy in the neck area was applied. We treated the patients two or three times a week with oriental therapy methods. They took medicine three times a day after a meal. During taking medicine, we let the patients avoid fatty food, flour based food, and alcohol. We determined the course of treatment with visual analogue scale (VAS). We let them respond to a VAS item between 0 and 10 point continuously. The symptoms that we evaluated were vertigo, headache, chest discomfort, nausea and vomiting. Results: After taking treatment - acupuncture and moxibustion during some period and taking herbal-medicine, the VAS scale was gradually getting decreased. Generally the symptom of vomitting and nausea was eased at first, and then the symptom of chest discomfort, headache, vertigo was relieved. Conclusions: Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang gamibang was effective in the treatment of vertigo and its related symptoms, headache, chest discomfort, nausea and vomiting.


Monocular 3D reconstruction is a major computer vision task. The state-of-the-art 1 approaches mainly focus on datasets with highly textured images. Most of these 2 methods are trained on datasets like ShapeNet which contain rendered images 3 of well-textured objects. However, in real scenes, many objects are texture-less 4 and it is difficult to reconstruct them. Unlike textured surfaces, reconstruction of 5 texture-less surfaces has not received as much attention mainly because of a lack 6 of large-scale annotated datasets. Some recent works have focused on texture-less 7 surfaces as well, many of which are trained on a small real-world dataset containing 8 26k images of 5 different texture-less clothing items. To facilitate further research 9 in this direction, we present a dataset generation strategy for texture-less images. 10 We also make available a large dataset containing 302k images with corresponding 11 groundtruth depth maps and surface normal maps. In addition to clothing items, our 12 dataset also contains images of more everyday objects including animals, furniture, 13 statues, vehicles, and other miscellaneous items. There are 35 different objects in 14 total. This will enable future work in reconstructing a wider variety of texture-less 15 surfaces. 16


Graham Smith died on 23 April. He was 46 years
old, and had been suffering for some time with
undetected carcinomas, only discovered during his
brief spell in hospital preceding his death. At this
time, his love and regrets were for his wife,
Marilyn, his son, Alex, and other members of his
family. His pride and content with his academic
work were both evident and justified.


This paper examines the hypotheses that the physically significant solutions of Maxwell's equations are those which exhibit perfect time-symmetry, and that radiation is not an intrinsic property of charge. It concludes that radiation and the electrodynamical arrow-of-time may be dependent upon the large-scale cosmological properties of the universe.


Synopsis : One of the required properties of coke for blast furnace is it's size to maintaine permeability. Then, authors investigated changes in the size and the tensile strength of coke during a conveyance process, and calculated the size distribution of coke after breakage by using the initial size and the tensile strength of coke. The main results are summarized as follows. (1) Change in size of coke and the effect of positions in the coke oven on coke properties are clarified by the sampling and the simulation of the conveyance process. (2) The tensile strength of coke is analysed by the Weibull's distribution function and the stabilized effect is quantitatively clarified. (3) The calculation of the effect of the initial size and the tensile strength of coke on the size distribution makes it possible to estimate the size of coke charged in blast furnace.


In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Deltamodulator (ADM) wherein the step size information is obtained by checking the output bit stream for a certain number of consecutive bits of the same polarity. The number of bits to be checked has been shown to be dependent upon the sampling rate and must be reduced as the sampling rate is reduced in order to obtain a good performance. An experimental coder is described which has an SNR greater than 26 dB over an input range of 33 dB at a clock rate of 32 kHz.


We assessed the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and bird species richness and composition within wetlands of the floodplain of the Middle Parana River, Argentina. Given the high habitat heterogeneity in these wetland systems, we sought to determine whether (i) there was a positive relationship between bird species richness and habitat heterogeneity; (ii) whether bird species richness was associated with certain types of individual habitat types; (iii) whether there was a pattern of species nestedness and turnover between sites as a function of habitat heterogeneity and composition, respectively; and (iv) whether individual species exhibited associations with habitat heterogeneity. Point counts were used to survey birds at 60 sites. We estimated the area of eight habitat types found within a 200-m radius from the centre of each site and calculated number and Pielou's evenness of habitat types. These indices, together with area proportion of each habitat type, were used as explanatory factors of bird species richness in linear regression models. Habitat heterogeneity per se rather than area of individual habitat types was a more important predictor of species richness in these fluvial wetlands. Sites with more habitat types supported more bird species. Results showed that individual bird species were associated with different habitat types and, therefore, sites that contained more habitat types contained more species. Number of habitat types accounted for species nestedness between sites whereas composition of habitat types accounted for species turnover between sites. Results suggest that selection of heterogeneous sites by individual species could help explain the positive heterogeneity–species richness relationship. Our findings highlight the importance of habitat heterogeneity per se resulting from flood disturbances in maintaining bird richness in fluvial systems.


The diagnosis of these complications may cause considerable diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties, as will be illustrated by the two cases presented below


The p y ro ly s is of le a d te tra m e th y l has been s tu d ie d in a to lu en e c a r r i e r flow system from 6 7 1 °K to 7 5 3 °K using t o t a l p re s su re s ran g in g from 5*3 mm to 27.9 ram. The p ro g ress o f th e r e a c t io n was fo llow ed by m easuring th e amount of m ethane, e thane and e th y l benzene formed and was checked in a no. of runs by a n a ly s is f o r undecomposed a lk y l . The ex te n t of agreem ent between r a t e c o n s ta n ts c a lc u la te d frcm the two methods o f a n a ly s is in d ic a te s th a t f o r each m olecule o f a lk y l undergoing decom position approx im ate ly 1+ m ethyl r a d ic a ls a re observed . The re le a se of th e f i r s t r a d ic a l i s r a t e c o n t r o l l in g . Decomposition was found to be 1 s t order and th e r a t e c o n s ta n ts c a lc u la te d show no dependence on t o t a l p re ssu re o r su rface/vo lum e r a t i o . The A rrhenius eq uation o b ta in ed : lo g l o k li+,1+9 (1+9,600/2.303 RT) may be a s so c ia te d w ith eq u a tio n 1+7 . Pb(CH5 )i ; ------------> tt>(CH3) 3 + CH3 1+7 The a c t iv a t io n energy of th i s homogeneous p ro c e ss , 1+9.6 k ca l/m o le , may be equated to D


With regard to the vacuum of the research on the model of the risky automobile merging behavior,the behavior was analyzed quantitatively by probability statistics and game theory.Based on the site video data during peak period and peace period in Harbin,the basic statistics characteristics of the risky merging behavior of cars were analyzed,and the cumulative frequency distribution model was constructed.The result shows that the merging behavior can be regarded as acts of misconduct,if the merging time was less than the critical gap by 4s.Further more,the hybrid strategy model of two players was introduced,and the occurrence probability of the risk merging behavior was proposed by Nash Equilibrium when the vehicle was merged from the branch road to the main road.


An experimental, theoretical and numerical investigation of the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect in the aluminium alloy AA5083-H116 is described. Five different tests at different overall strain rates were carried out on smooth flat specimens in order to determine the effects of strain rate on the characteristics of the deformation bands and their propagation. Both digital image correlation and digital infrared thermography were used to capture and characterize the spatio-temporal features of the PLC behavior. Inhomogeneous deformation with various localization bands caused by the PLC effect was observed in all the tests and the formation, evolution and propagation of these deformation bands were visualized, allowing their characteristics to be measured. An elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model, developed for metals exhibiting dynamic strain ageing, is used to represent the material behavior. Linear stability analysis with the adopted constitutive model is shown to give the orientations of the bands, but fails to predict the critical strain at which serrated yielding occurs. Finally, the model is used in three-dimensional numerical simulations of the physical tests using explicit finite element analysis. The numerical results are compared with the experimental observations and the main deviations between tests and simulations are discussed.


This article presents the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based nonlinear model-predictive control (NMPC) for applications with millisecond timescales and resource-constrained embedded systems. A custom hardware circuit architecture of an NMPC controller, which mainly includes phase-locked loop clock, universal asynchronous receiver transmitter interface, trigonometric function, random number generator, objective function, and PSO solver modules, is implemented on the FPGA based on a hardware description language specification. It employs parallelism, pipelining, and specialized numerical formats to enhance the online computation performance of NMPC. In addition, the partial parallel expansion calculations of the fitness (objective) function and the particle position update are adopted for trading off the computational performance against resource usage. The hardware-in-the-loop experimental results through controlling a wheeled mobile robot model demonstrate that the design is capable of computing the required control action in real time by using a midrange FPGA, while still offering good control performance.


The Ku-band airborne satellite communication station has been designed. The station is intended for application in the airborne communication system.


This report is a summary of the cooperative industry/government program to establish the viability of alternative blowing agents to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The project was initiated in 1989 following two workshops that focused on needed research on thermal insulation blown with substitutes for CFC-11 and CFC-12. The project is directed by a steering committee of representatives of the sponsors and of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The purpose of the project is to determine if the performance of polyisocyanurate (PIR) roof insulation foam boards blown with alternate agents differs from the performance of boards blown with CFC-1. This report describes apparent thermal conductivity (k) results obtained from field and laboratory tests from 1989 to 1992 on a set of experimental PIR laminate boardstock produced to evaluate the viability of alternative hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as blowing agents. All boardstock was manufactured from similar formulations that were not optimized for thermal performance. Commercial broadstock made in the future may differ in performance from this set. The PIR boards were prepared with CFC-11, HCFC-123, HCFC-141b, and 50/50 and 65/35 blends of HCFC-123/HCFC-141b.


Concert dress is a valuable visual cue to an individual's attitudes and through concert dress soloists can confirm or challenge generally accepted roles and statuses in the performance situation. This article discusses the implications of production- and reception-based models of classical performance for soloists. Female classical soloists' choice of concert dress is examined using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to investigate whether performers' sartorial de- cisions can provide insight into the social practices and underlying values associ- ated with classical music performance. Six female solo instrumentalists of inter- national standing were interviewed regarding factors affecting their choice of concert dress, how they felt their concert dress interacted with their ability to communicate in performance, and the image they intended to portray in perfor- mance. Emerging themes suggest that performers select dress which allows them physical freedom, the ability to signal their views of performance to their audi- ence, and to display individual characteristics. These themes are discussed in re- lation to production- and reception-based theories of classical performance.


Scientists and engineers have been seeking new superalloys of high melting point as substitutes of Ni-based superalloys for service in next generation aircraft turbine engines. [1,2] NbSi alloys (0.5–37.5 at% Si) are composed of two phases:Nb and Nb 5 Si 3 under 1770 8 C, which have melting points of 2469 and 2520 8 C, respectively. Besides high melting points, Nb/Nb 5 Si 3 composite material possesses a combination of low density (7.16 g cm (cid:1) 3 ), better toughness at room temperature, similar heat expansion coefficient (Nb, 7.3 (cid:2) 10 k (cid:1) 1 ; Nb 5 Si 3 , 6.1 (cid:2) 10 k (cid:1) 1 ) and reasonable strength at high temperature. [1]


In this paper, a novel distributed functional electrical stimulation (FES) and assessment system for hand movement using wearable technology is proposed. It consists of an FES of wireless EMG-bridge (EMGB) type, a sensor glove and a smartphone-based application software for displaying the virtual 3D hand environment. Combined with the FES therapy and the sensor glove, the proposed system provides a way to evaluate individual responses to rehabilitation among the stroke patients. The smartphone-based application software for displaying the virtual 3D hand environment has been applied to enhance the engagement and motivation needed to drive neuroplastic changes. The prototype system has been validated by performing wrist and finger extension on one healthy subject.


Dust formation mechanism in plasma-material surface interactions has been investigated by using high pressure inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs), which have a feature of high atomic particle flux (atomic hydrogen flux : ~10 24 m -2 s -1 , ion flux : ~10 21 m -2 s -1 ). Experiments have been conducted in argon/hydrogen mixture plasma irradiation to graphite targets. In the present experiments, physical sputtering is not expected and the dominant erosion process of graphite target is chemical sputtering by atomic hydrogenirradiation. Carbon dust particles with various shapes have been observed on the graphite target irradiated by argon/hydrogen plasma. It is found that the shapes of the dust particles are strongly related to the target surface temperature, graphite spherical particle when the surface temperature is below ~1100 K and polyhedral particle like diamond when above ~1100 K. It is also shown that the carbon dust formation and growth does not choose the surface materials. The number density of dust formed decreases as the plasma input power decreases or the distance between the target and induction coil increases, while the weight loss remains almost the same even though the input power and distance between the target and induction coil are varied. The size of dust particles increases as increasing surface temperature. These experimental results indicate that the dust growth is strongly related to surface temperature.


Germinated rough rice (GRR) has many healthy effects such as antioxidant activity, inhibition of chronic inflammatory disease and prevention of vascular disease. In this study, germinated Korean rice sample which was planted in 2008 from Korean Rural Development Administration was used. The purpose of this study was to recognize the effect of the ethanol extract of GRR on the ischemic damage of skeletal muscle. Right femoral artery ligation was performed to induce ischemic condition in mice and the mixed basal diet with the ethanol extract of GRR at various levels (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg diet) was given for 2 weeks. After the mice were sacrificed, the hind limb muscle samples of the mice were fixed, sectioned, stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and performed for Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for caspase-3. In histopathological findings of H&E and Masson's trichrome stain, the treatment of GRR at the level of 400 mg/kg diminished fibrosis and necrosis in the muscle compared to the control. The expression of caspase-3 protein was also decreased by the treatment of GRR at the level of 400 mg/kg compared to the control. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of GRR may have a protective effect against muscle damage during the ischemia in skeletal muscle of hindlimb.


Review of Salazar, Danica. Lexical Bundles in Native and Non-native Scientific Writing : Applying a Corpus-Based Study to Language Teaching


The main function of banking Indonesia as collectors and distributors of public funds. According to Article 2 of Low number 10 of 1998 about banking, PD BPR Bank Sleman is obliged to implement prudential principle in preventing non performing loans for UMKM credit customers. The formulation of the problem in this research is how does PD BPR bank Sleman implement prudential principle in giving credit UMKM to its customers. This research is normative legal research. The type of the research used is the normative juridical research so that the legislation used is the approach of legislation with the source data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal material. Data collecting technique is done by literature study technique which study material of law and analyzed by using descriptive qualitative analysis. Form the results of the study, it can be concluded that PD BPR Bank Sleman has applied prudential principle as set forth in article 2 of law number 10 year 1998. The effort has been done by PD BPR Bank Sleman in preventing of non performing loans for UMKM is by giving additional policy of collateral as much as 30% which must be borne by the debtor. This is doneby PD BPR Bank Sleman as a form of caution, because the government only bear 70%, while 30% must be borne by the bank PD BPR Bank Sleman. The efforts which are made by PD BPR Bank Sleman to overcome this problem is done by 2 ways, namely by making continuous billing in a persuasive with kinship and by tightening credit analysis to the business owned by prospective borrowers. Key words: Prudential principle, bad dedts, UMKM, Bank.


Chapter 1 Preface Chapter 2 Chapter 1: The Rise of the British Antislavery Movement Chapter 3 Chapter 2: Forging a Treaty Network Against the Slave Trade Chapter 4 Chapter 3: Emancipation in Theory and Practice Chapter 5 Chapter 4: From Slavery to New Forms of Exploitation Chapter 6 Chapter 5: New International Machinery Chapter 7 Chapter 6: Ethiopia, The League of Nations, and Slavery Chapter 8 Chapter 7: Slavery in Hijaz Chapter 9 Chapter 8: The Temporary Slavery Commission and the Expanding Definition of Slavery Chapter 10 Chapter 9: The Slavery Convention of 1926 Chapter 11 Chapter 10: The International Labor Organization and the Forced Labour Convention Chapter 12 Chapter 11: The League of Nations and Slavery in the British Empire Chapter 13 Chapter 12:The Problems of a Moral Foreign Policy 1925-1932 Chapter 14 Chapter 13: The Committee of Experts on Slavery Chapter 15 Chapter 14: The Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery Chapter 16 Chapter 15: Slavery in a Changing World 1932-39: Ethiopia Chapter 17 Chapter 16: Slavery in a Changing World: 1932-1939: Arabia, The Red Sea and Persian Gulf Chapter 18 Chapter 17: The Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 1936-1939 Chapter 19 Chapter 18: The Slavery Question from 1939 to 1949 Chapter 20 Chapter 19: The Cold War and the Supplementary Slavery Convention of 1956 Chapter 21 Chapter 20: The End of Slavery in Arabia and the Persian Gulf 1950-1970 Chapter 22 Chapter 21: Slavery at the United Nations 1956-1966 Chapter 23 Chapter 22: The Final Struggle for a United Nations Slavery Commmittee 1966-1974 Chapter 24 Chapter 23: Epilogue: The UN Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery Chapter 25 Chapter 24: Contemporary Forms of Slavery Chapter 26 Chapter 25: Conclusion: The Anti-Slavery Campaign in the Twentieth Century Chapter 27 Bibliography


Vision defines our retina subspecialty—and our journal, JVRD. For both surgical and medical vitreoretinal specialists, our patients' outcomes have been defined by the functional outcome of visual acuity and the anatomic outcome of the retina (attached, detached, epiretinal membrane, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, macular edema, etc). Historically, virtually every treatment employed in our specialty was defined by both of these outcomes. As we evaluated new therapies, ophthalmology set the standards for clinical research through its establishment and utilization of clinical trials—specifically the randomized clinical trial (RCT). These clinical studies defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, mandated a standardized clinical evaluation, established a uniform treatment approach, and pre-defined primary outcomes. These studies were powered to enroll sufficient patients to achieve a significant outcome, either positive or negative. Further, these studies used centralized resource teams to evaluate each study center, confirm major findings, and monitor clinical trial progress. For one of the most expensive clinical trials, the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS), more than 40 centers participated with centralized echography, photography, and pathology review. This study, supported by both the National Eye Institute (NEI) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), had a budget of more than $60 million, and remains the only National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported RCT in ocular oncology. Though COMS set a "gold standard" for clinical trial evaluation, it also shifted our clinical trial approach to a consortium, and both directly and indirectly played a role in the development of the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net). The DRCR.net was formed in September 2002. In 2018, the Network expanded its scope beyond diabetes and the name was changed to the DRCR Retina Network to recognize this wider focus. The Network currently includes over 160 participating sites (offices) with more than 500 physicians throughout the United States and Canada. Like prior RCTs, the DRCR Retina Network is funded by the National Eye Institute (NEI). To maintain standardization of the DRCR Retina Network's activities, 3 core centers support its overall operation and leadership: the office of the Network Chairs, co-chaired by Jennifer K. Sun, MD, MPH, and Daniel F. Martin, MD, FASRS; the Coordinating Center, directed by Adam R. Glassman, MS; and the National Eye Institute, overseen by Project Officer Sangeeta Bhargava, PhD. Utilizing this overarching framework has significantly reduced study costs while broadening clinical trial participation and access, with a shift toward inclusion of both academic and private practice centers. This is an example of "vision" as it impacts our understanding and support of clinical trials. As with many transitions, the shift to the DRCR Retina Network was met with skepticism; there was concern that this structure would not maintain the high standards of each participating center and could compromise study oversight such that data outcomes might be less reflective of the standardization that the RCT ophthalmology trials had established. Fortunately, now over 20 years into the consortium, excellent clinical study results have helped to define care in our retina subspecialty. This consortium now defines the standard for NIH-supported collaborative clinical trial research. Another arm of our governmental oversight of both drugs and devices is the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Under the leadership of Wiley Chambers, MD, the FDA reviews approval of both drugs and devices in ophthalmology. This process is aimed at ensuring public safety while enhancing clinicians' access to novel medications, delivery platforms, and surgical technologies. Typically, the FDA has used expert technical and advisory committees to evaluate relevant data and recommend to approve or reject, though these committee recommendations are not binding on the FDA. A critical component of the committee 1172281 VRDXXX10.1177/24741264231172281Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases editorial2023


: In this fast-paced urbanisation, the need for the land has always been a priority. Because of the high need, the greater focus in the land markets requires a critical decision making. As it is noted that a person feels psychologically settled when he owns a house for himself and his family. Large portion of emotional attachments are related when it comes to buying a house. This paper tries to understand the determinants of the housing land markets from both the developer and consumers approach. It is noted that study of consumer behaviour is very crucial and the land markets need to understand the complexities in the consumer choices. This paper tries to address the state of awareness on the consumer behaviour by the Government Planning agencies and Private housing land markets. This paper highlights that in this competitive market strategies the consumer's willingness to buy a property lies in the value of the property along with the surrounding attributes. f energy in India and also examine the consumption of electricity by the different sectors in India. The availability of primary sources of conventional energy in India includes coal, Lignite, Natural gas, Electricity, Crude oil, and petroleum products. Consumption of electricity by sectorsincludes Industry, Agricultural, Domestic, Commercial, Railways and others. Availability of primary sources of energy consumption of electricity for the period of 8 years has been taken for this analysis. Compound annual growth rate has been applied.


The paper shows that it is possible to compensate for the effects of mechanical profile errors in large parabolic reflectors, by means of a specially designed multielement feed array situated in the focal plane of the reflector. The factors relating the magnitude and period of these profile errors to the size and complexity of the compensating feed are discussed, and a novel method is described for achieving this compensation by controlling the phasing of the array. The system employs a spatial Fourier-transforming device, and its use is mainly restricted to long-period profile errors. Experimental results of this process, derived from a small-scale laboratory system employing a 1-dimensional 5ft parabolic reflector incorporating an 8-element feed, are presented. These results demonstrate compensation for profile errors up to π/2 radians. The possible application of this technique to existing and new reflectors is discussed.


This paper describes the development and application of a new water quality screening model - STEAM (Simplified Tidal Embayment Assessment Model). This model simulates the first-order water quality response of small, semi-enclosed marinas to the external forcing effects of tides, pollutant loadings, and freshwater inflows. STEAM's ease of use makes it an attractive tool for preliminary analyses of tidal flushing in well-mixed boat basins.


Approximate computing is an emerging paradigm that, by relaxing the requirement for full accuracy, offers benefits in terms of design area and power consumption. This paradigm is particularly attractive in applications where the underlying computation has inherent resilience to small errors. Such applications are abundant in many domains, including machine learning, computer vision, and signal processing. In circuit design, a major challenge is the capability to synthesize the approximate circuits automatically without manually relying on the expertise of designers. In this work, we review methods devised to synthesize approximate circuits, given their exact functionality and an approximability threshold. We summarize strategies for evaluating the error that circuit simplification can induce on the output, which guides synthesis techniques in choosing the circuit transformations that lead to the largest benefit for a given amount of induced error. We then review circuit simplification methods that operate at the gate or Boolean level, including those that leverage classical Boolean synthesis techniques to realize the approximations. We also summarize strategies that take high-level descriptions, such as C or behavioral Verilog, and synthesize approximate circuits from these descriptions.


Response to a letter commenting on research involving the determination of the critical micelle concentration and molecular cross-sectional area and equilibrium constant for adsorption of a surfactant molecule at the air–water interface from surface tension measurements.


viewed to construct the pedigrees and to confirm the relationships in these consanguineous families. Inheritance of deafness in both of the families is consistent with an autosomal recessive trait. All the participating members of families PKDF240 and PKDF407 underwent a physical examination. Clinical histories were obtained from all of the individuals to rule out environmental causes of hearing loss such as mumps, rubella, meningitis, ototoxic drugs, or chronic otitis media. Pure tone audiometry tests for air conduction were performed at frequencies ranging from 250 to 8,000 Hz. Funduscopic examination was conducted to determine gross ocular status and to rule out a retinopathy, while vestibular function was evaluated by using the tandem gait and Romberg tests. All affected individuals of these two families exhibited prelingual bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, with no obvious vestibular or ocular abnormalities. No other medical problem was found to co-segregate with the deafness.


Using the transmission method we have measured the circular polarization, ${P}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from excited projectilelike fragments in the reaction $^{16}\mathrm{O}$+$^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ at 100 MeV. The polarizations are large with values up to $|{P}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}|\ensuremath{\cong}100$%. Over the whole $Q$ range, the sign and magnitude of ${P}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ can be interpreted in terms of matching conditions familiar from direct-reaction analysis, contrasting the statistical character of the associated heavy-fragment excitation.


NASA is embarking on an ambitious journey to Mars and Tuesday announced a challenge inviting the public to write down their ideas.


In order to sort spaces and give back to urban centers their lost hegemonic role, contemporary urban policies have been seeking to foster different modes of intervention called "revitalization" or "requalification". The city, facing the valorization of its historical heritage, then becomes the object of architectural renovations and reforms, aimed at preservation, allowing for images and brands. The central objective of this paper is to reflect on the interventions in the contemporary metropolitan urban centers, including the most recent experiences conducted in Brazilian northeastern cities. This paper, less interested in making propositional assessments, analyzes symbolic concepts and conflicts that guide practices of "revitalization." The presence of various consumers of public space (tourists, residents, merchants etc.) and the controversies surrounding the cultural and economic investments will serve as a guide for the ideas in the text.


Objective To study the effects and its mechanism of Yulangsan polysaccharide(YLS) on the proliferation and collagen I production of hepatic stellate cell(HSC)induced by oxidative stress.Methods The lipid peroxidation of HSC was induced by H2O2.The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and SOD in cultural supernatant were determined by general methods.Cytotoxicity was measured by LDH method.The proliferation of hepatic stellate cells was measured by MTT method.The content of collagen I was measured by ELISA method.Results YLS(25~200μg/ml)concentration-dependently decreased the levels of MDA and collagen I and the number of proliferating HSC,and increased the activity of SOD.Conclusion YLS can inhibit the proliferation and collagen I production of hepatic stellate cell induced by oxidative stress.This might be associated with the anti-oxidative activity of YLS.


This is the first of a series of articles based on presentations at the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 70th Scientific Sessions held on 25–29 June 2010 in Orlando, Florida, pertaining to thiazolidinedione(s) (TZD) and to approaches to insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes. At a symposium on the role of TZD, Thomas Buchanan (Los Angeles, CA) discussed the β-cell benefits of TZD and their action to slow the progression of diabetes. Clinically, the agents increase body fat, acting to increase appetite, but making fat "behave better" and leading to a reduction in insulin resistance and improved glycemia. TZDs alter circulating lipids, lower blood pressure, reduce coronary artery restenosis after percutaneous intervention, and decrease ultrasonographic progression of carotid and coronary artery disease but increase the risk of distal extremity (and perhaps other skeletal) fracture and of congestive heart failure. They may alter the risk of acute occlusive events.

To set the stage for understanding the TZD effect on β-cell function, Buchanan reviewed the hyperbolic relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. The product of the two parameters, the disposition index, decreases as diabetes develops. Cross-sectional data suggest that, as the fasting glucose increases from under 100 to 100–140 and again from 140 to 180 mg/dL, there is particularly great deterioration in β-cell function, with lesser deterioration as glucose levels increase further (1).

Buchanan reviewed his studies, comparing those who had developed diabetes with those who had not after having had gestational diabetes. There was a nonlinear relationship between reduction in β-cell function and elevations in glucose levels, with greater reduction leading to the development of diabetes (2). Although he pointed out that higher blood glucose, lesser β-cell function, and worse degrees of insulin resistance "doesn't actually tell you why they develop diabetes," Buchanan reviewed further analysis showing weight gain to …


Abstract A Gill propeller anemometer transfer function of the form 1 + (2πLv/ū)P is used to describe the difference in spectra of vertical wind velocity fluctuations over sea as measured by Gill propeller and sonic anemometers. Best fits to nine individual comparisons result in L = 1.94(±0.10) m and P = 2.49(±0.11), differing from previously published estimates.


The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025-729X 15 March 2004 180 6 260-261 ©The Medical Journal of Australia 2004 www.mja.com.au Editorials investigating a cholera outbreak in London. He noted tha most of the people who were sick had consumed water from pump in Broad Street, Soho, that was contaminated b sewage. When the pump's handle was removed, the spread o cholera dramatically stopped. But it was not until the earl 1900s that adequate separation of water supplies from sewag National water-recycling guidelines will address both health and environmental risks


Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients in resource-poor settings experience large delays in starting appropriate treatment and may not be monitored appropriately due to an overburdened health care system, communication delays, and missing or error-prone data. A web-based laboratory information system 'e-Chasqui' has been implemented in Peru to alleviate these problems by improving the timeliness and quality of laboratory data. It has been deployed in the national TB laboratory, two regional laboratories and twelve health centers. High user satisfaction and heavy use has led to e-Chasqui is being expanded to more institutions. A study is being performed to measure its impact and generalizability.


The present diploma thesis deals with the design and implementation of a charger which is used for the batteries of a small electric vehicle. This device has nominal power of 1kW and is the medium that connects the batteries to the power grid. This work was developed in the Laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the Polytechnic School in the University of Patras.
The objective is to implement a charger which has high efficiency and simultaneously provides safety to the user. However, it is crucial not to overload the network by injecting higher harmonics. Thus, the design included the application of a Power Factor Correction Technique. The Power Electronic Converter which is used is a Flyback Topology (Buck-Boost Converter). Moreover, it disposes of an active surge suppression circuit (Snubber) and isolation transformer.
Initially, the benefits of electrification are analysed. Then, the theoretical analysis of this device is provided so that its proper function is guaranteed.
In addition, the design process of the charger is presented in detail. Consequently, all the specifications and features for the charger, which will be used for the batteries of the electric vehicle «Buggy» of the Laboratory, are determined.
The next step in this thesis is the simulation of the device with Simulink of Matlab. In this way, the theoretical analysis is confirmed.
Finally, the practical part of the work is presented. It was carried out during an Internship in APTRONIC HELLAS (a Phoenix Contact Company). Many projects are conducted at the industrial facilities of this company, which specializes in providing solutions in Power Electronics. Besides work experience, a schematic and a printed circuit for the charger was designed in Zuken Cadstar.


Ten years ago I was impressed by a series of cholecystograms of a small nonfunctioning gallbladder contracted on a stone, in which the hepatic flexure of the colon remained in exact apposition in all the films made at different times (fig. 1). Since that time I have collected some twenty cases, most of them proved by operation, of localized adhesions of the hepatic flexure to the gallbladder. I have gradually worked up a description of this new syndrome together with a specific x-ray test for it. PATHOLOGY AND MECHANICS The hepatic flexure is adherent, frequently at a sharp angle, to an otherwise free gallbladder fundus. The gallbladder may fill, concentrate and empty normally, but the weight of the colon dragging on it produces the symptoms. SYMPTOMS The patients may complain of the usual type of noncolic gallbladder dyspepsia or there may be more atypical symptoms. There is dull pain in


Among different structural alignment tools, DALIX is one capable of calculating an optimal structural alignment based on the DALI score in most cases. It outperforms DALI, one of the most popular structural alignment algorithms, on the alignment quality. However, the high time complexity of DALIX hinders its application to large protein or complex structure alignments. In this paper, we parallelize the major steps of DALIX on the GPU (Graphics Processing Units) to speed up its processing. Specifically, to better utilize the massive GPU thread parallelism, we design a two-level parallel algorithm for the dynamic programming, which is the most time-consuming component in the tool. We compact the decision table in the dynamic programming so that it can fit into the shared memory for inter-thread communication to further improve the performance. Results show that our GPU-DALIX achieves a speedup ranging from 5.5x to 20x, over the sequential version of DALIX on a set of real-world protein alignments. Especially, our GPU-DALIX provides significant performance improvement when the protein size is large or the structure is complex.


To the Editor, Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) constitute the family Filoviridae that are enveloped, nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA viruses of varying morphology. They are markedly contagious and fatal in close to 90% of cases in Africa. Although all of the past outbreaks of EBOV have been in West Africa, affecting Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria, and most outbreaks of MARV have been in Africa as well, due to ease of travel of individuals over long distances and other factors, in the United States and Western Europe we have started to see cases of Ebola


Contour interpolation is an important tool to expedite manual segmentation of anatomical structures. The conventional shape-based interpolation (SBI) algorithm, based on distance map calculation then interpolation, often performs sub-optimally when the two adjacent to-be-interpolated manual contours differ dramatically, especially near the superior and inferior borders of organs and for the gastrointestinal structures. In this study, we present a deep learning solution to improve the robustness and accuracy for contour interpolation, especially for these historically difficult cases. The deep contour interpolation model achieved a dice score of 0.95±0.06 and a mean DTA value of 1.08±2.31 mm, averaged on 3167 testing cases of all 16 organs. In a comparison, the results by the conventional SBI method were 0.94±0.08 and 1.50±3.63mm, respectively. For the difficult cases, the dice score and DTA value were 0.91±0.09 and 1.71±2.25 mm by the deep model, compared to 0. 86± 0. 13 and 3.42±5.88 mm by the conventional SBI method. A student t-test was applied to confirm that the performance improvements were statistically significant (p< 0. 05) for all cases. It could be useful to expedite the tasks of manual segmentation of organs and structures in the medical images.


GaN devices offer ultra-fast switching, superior electrical performance, and radiation hardness – making them a favorable choice for pulsed power applications. One potential drawback is the high on-resistance of GaN devices under switching conditions (dynamic $R_{on}$), which is not often publicly characterized by manufacturers. Previous research attempts have observed high dynamic $R_{on}$ in continuous switching conditions, sometimes with accurate measurements only after long delays from the switching instant-making their data of limited value for low-duty, high-speed pulsed power systems. This work proposes a fast measurement approach with minimal additional circuitry, designed specifically for pulsed conditions. Using this approach, dynamic $R_{on}$ measurements are reported for devices across several manufacturers, sizes (static $R_{on}$), blocking voltages and drain currents. For the 650 V-rated discrete (non-composite) devices, the measured dynamic $R_{on}$ values are found to be higher than their respective static values by a factor of 1.5x-3x. Whereas, the 650 V-rated cascode (composite) devices and 100 V-rated discrete devices are found to experience a negligible dynamic $R_{on}$ effect.


Ventilation and lighting systems installed in vehicular tunnels should be designed and operated on the basis of the visual transmittance of the atmosphere polluted by soot and smoke in these tunnels so as to permit the driver to perceive all the relevant visual information for safe driving. For the purpose of developing a transmittance meter for tunnels, the authors determined the condition needed for the spectral characteristics of the light source and the photodetector of the meter, using the physical properties of soot and smoke and the spectral transmittance of the atmosphere in tunnels. Concerning the reliability of this meter, a method was developed to keep the lenses clean by a pipe which stops the flow of air near the surface of the lenses, and a method of calibrating the meter by electric circuits which corrects the output automatically. Making use of these results, the authors designed and manufactured the VI meter to measure the transmittance of atmosphere in tunnels and to control the ventilation system.


Handheld augmented reality (HAR) is an expanding novel technology and user studies are very important part for driving its design activities. In order to form design guidelines and principles, it is important to gain better understanding of the usage of HAR systems. This paper describes the iterative design process of a state-of-the-art pragmatic simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) based HAR work support system prototype. As a contribution, results from the user studies of the proposed system are presented as well as category-specific design guidelines for similar kinds of HAR SLAM-based systems. Keyword: augmented reality, work support system, SLAM, user interface design


The writing of this article aims to find out how important an educator has education and curriculum. The curriculum is very closely related to management, namely as planning, organizing, implementing and monitoring. So in the application of curriculum administration, a person who manages an educational institution masters the science of management, both for matters relating to education and with the curriculum itself. That's why curriculum administration is very important to learn because educators are the spearhead in the implementation of education itself. The teacher's role in curriculum development is as implementers, adapters, developers and researchers. In addition, the teacher's role in curriculum development is as centralized and decentralized. This article writing technique uses literature studies or literature studies whose sources come from papers, journals, books, and articles.


This Special Issue of Religions is devoted to 'dialogue'—a trans-disciplinary key concept par excellence that is not to be used as a strategy to produce some ultimate synthesis, but rather to foster a conversation (Mendes-Flohr 2015a) [...]


Lin Yutang had been a cultural scholar in the history of modern Chinese culture and literature since the May 4th Movement. People will find out that his deepest and most peculiar recognition of Chinese culture was the appreciation of Confucian ideology by analysing lin's viewpoint of traditional culture. Lin Yutang summed up the essence of the spirit of Confucianism as a rational "humanism", i.e. so called humanism of China's type. He worshipped humanism of this kind and admired "ration" spirit of humanism of China's type — the doctrine of the mean. He sang the high praises of laying the emphasis on practical life and useful education in social contact, insisting that Confucius should be sentimental man. Lin Yutang concluded that the origin of humanism of China's type lay in makineg a clear distinction between right and wrong, but he was not happy with the fact that Confucius showed no concern about the existence of God.


The progress of the research of heat resistant magnesium alloys in China is reviewed in this paper with the effect of the alloying elements including RE,Si,Ca and Sr on the high temperature properties of the alloys and their strengthening mechanism described.Finally,the development trend of the alloys is predicted.


This is a case report of a 67 year-old male farmer and heavy smoker with 3 packs of cigarettes, who presented with a 12 day history of fever and hemoptysis. On chest X-ray a mass was observed at the lower lobe of the right lung. He underwent full clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic evaluation. No enlargement of lymph nodes was observed on the CT. However, a giant mass was demonstrated in the lower lobe of the right lung. The patient underwent surgery during which a large viable hydatid cyst measuring 10,3x8,5x7,3cm was found, with irregular margins and mixed (solid and cystic) content.


ZnO thin films with preferred orientation along the (002) plane were prepared onto the glass substrates by the sol-gel spin coating method for different post- annealing temperatures. The XRD study confirms that the thin films grown by this method have good crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. The optical band gap of the samples was determined from UV-visible spectra. It is found that the size of the ZnO grains increase and the optical band gap of the films decrease as the annealing temperature increases from 350°C to 550°C. The transmittance of the film in the visible range was about 75%, 85% and 65% for 350°C, 450°C and 550°C annealed samples respectively. SEM images of the films show worm shaped structures at 350°C and distinct grains in films annealed above 3500C. Photoluminescence spectral study reveals that all the samples exhibit violet luminescence. The resistivity of the ZnO films found to reduce drastically from mega ohm to ohm range as a result of further vacuum annealing treatment of samples. The variation of electrical resistivity with respect to intensity of UV illumination over the samples has been reported.


Walter Dods keeps a dog outside his office. Not a live dog, but a modest-sized sculpture of one that the bank purchased from a local artist. The vaguely oriental-looking animal wears a curious expression. It almost seems to be smiling, yet the look also suggests tenacity. Not everyone at the bank likes the dog, but Dods does. And so there it sits on a cube at the entrance to his outer office. If you were to spend three days observing and trying to keep up with the fast-moving chairman and chief executive officer of First Hawaiian, Inc., you might sense that the sculpture and its caretaker are kindred spirits. The man who will be president of the American Bankers Association for the next 12 months is an affable, down-to-earth fellow who is at home speaking with anyone. At the same time, he is by all indications an aggressive competitor, a hands-on manager with an almost uncanny grasp of detail, and a boss who gives his subordinates free rein to innovate, but also holds them accountable. Thus, like the sculpture outside his office, there's a certain yin and yang to Walter Dods--personable yet demanding. Because an organization reflects its CEO, attention to detail permeates the culture at First Hawaiian. In an $8 billion-assets organization scattered over four states and the island of Guam, senior managers can't know everything, of course, and they don't. But FHI managers--Dods first and foremost--know a great deal of what's going on in the organization. One big reason why is because they talk to each other a lot. "There's no such thing as overcommunication," says Dods. He insists on frequent communication of ideas, problems, and successes among the different divisions to avoid the "silo" mentality that plagues many large organizations. This detail-oriented, communicative culture has served the bank well during the four-year recession that Hawaii is just emerging from. While the bank saw its nonperforming loans rise during that period, it suffered relatively few outright losses, and remained profitable the whole time (ROA never fell lower than 1%). Open communication also encourages innovation, which is something Dods is particularly proud of. First Hawaiian was the first bank to put customers' photos on bank cards, for example. Likewise it offers auto loans of any duration-27, 33, 52 months, anything up to 60 months--rather than forcing customers to conform to fixed schedules. Hawaiian Horatio Alger Walter A. Dods, Jr., 55, is the oldest of seven children. His father was a policeman and his mother worked as a cashier at a Waikiki restaurant--both are retired now. A 1970 Honolulu magazine article about Dods (he was then 29 and a newly minted First Hawaiian VP), described the Dods family as very close. Everyone learned to hustle early because, as Dods put it, "The last one to the table got the leftovers." That hustle has never left him. Beginning at about 14, Dods paid his own way working nights and weekends at service stations, Chinese restaurants, a pineapple cannery--sometimes one place during the day and another at night in the summer months. True, some of Dods' earnings went toward souping up cars--the policeman's son even admits to some hot rodding and drag racing as a teenager. He's long since rechanneled that energy, but an interest in cars remains. He owns a 1957 Ford Thunderbird (the type with "portholes" in the hardtop), which he bought from James MacArthur of the "Hawaii Five-O" television show. When Dods graduated high school, his father urged him to go to college. But, says Dods, "I was too 'smart' to go to school, so I went to work instead." His first full-time job was as dead files clerk at First Insurance Co. Gradually Dods realized his mistake and began taking night classes to get a college degree. Doris also did a five-year stint in community relations and advertising at Dillingham Construction Co. …


Attending university can be very stressful as students have to go through the process of adapting to new educational and social environments; this experience of difficult change affects student's psychological wellbeing and subsequently their success in academics. This study examines personality characteristics, psychological wellbeing and academic success among Nigerian undergraduates.While cross sectional design and convenient sampling method were employed, 214 undergraduates were sampled. A structured questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic information, personality profile, psychological wellbeing and academic success was administered to the participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result reveals that agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience had a significant positive relationship with psychological well-being, while agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness had positive relationship with academic success; meanwhile, neuroticism had negative relationship with academic success. Furthermore on a regression model, personality characteristics did not independently but jointly predicted psychological wellbeing. Meanwhile personality characteristics independently and jointly predicted academic success. The study conclude that student's personality characteristics are important for sound psychological wellbeing and effective academic success among Nigerian undergraduates


Abstract A method for the removal of radioactive contamination from low and medium radioactive liquid waste is proposed. It consists of adsorbing reagents, with specific affinity for the cations to be removed, onto water insoluble supports of technical grade which can then be used as ion exchangers or "solid reagents". This was verified with hexanitrodiphenylamine adsorbed on asbestos, vermiculite, alumina, kaolinite and bentonite to remove (3-137 and Cd34 from liquid wastes. This reagent. although widely used for the extraction of cesium, is not very efficient in the method suggested here. Much better decontamination results were achieved with potassium hexacyanoferrate adsorbed on asbestos.


The semiempirical MNDO LCAO MO SCF method was used to carry out a comparative quantum chemical study of the electronic and geometric structure of the methoxyl, ethoxyl and isopropoxyl groups on zeolite surfaces. Greatest stability was found for structures corresponding to esters with moderately positively charged alkyl fragments. The ionicity of the alkoxide carbon to the zeolite lattice oxygen decreased in going from methoxyl to isopropoxyl. The extension of the C-O bond, which may occur upon its vibrational excitation, may facilitate the achievement of transition states of reactions related to attack at the carbon atom of the C-O bond. The ionicity of the C-O bond upon its extension markedly increases while the energy for its heterolytic dissociation decreases.


Background and Objective: Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is known as a malignancy of the lymphatic system and 90% of the HL is Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL). Prognostic factors that identify the patient's response to therapy are useful for optimizing the therapy. This study aims to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and chemotherapy response associated with CHL patients.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 40 patients diagnosed as CHL and treated with ABVD chemotherapy at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia during the period of January 2014 to December 2019. The clinicopathological characteristics data consisting of age, sex, histopathology subtype, tumor location and clinical stage were assessed. Their responses to chemotherapy were also analyzed.
Result and Discussion: A total of 40 patient data were included in this study, 21 CHL patients responded to ABVD chemotherapy (52.5%) while 19 patients not responded (47.5%). There were no significant association between age, sex, histopathological subtype, tumour location and clinical stage with chemotherapy response.
Conclusion: In this study, 47.5% of CHL patients did not respond to ABVD chemotherapy. The response of ABVD chemotherapy was not associated with age, sex, histopathological subtype, tumor location or clinical stage.
Keywords: Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma, chemotherapy response, clinicopathological characteristics.


Surgical management in the pterygopalatine fossa region presents anatomic and surgical problems related to the difficulty of access.When a tumor in the pterygopalatine fossa involves the maxilla and extends into the maxillary sinus,and a tumor in the deep lobe of the parotid gland extends into the pterygopalatine fossa,extensive resection is often necessary.With the advancements in imageology,diagnostic technology,diagnostic pathology,surgical technology and instrumentation,reconstructive techniques,the surgery of the lateral cranial base or the middle cranial base is now receiving significant attention progress,and interest.The objective of the paper was to provide an overview of contemporary strategies for the management of tumors in the pterygopalatine fossa and adjacent structures.


The capacity of Phragmites australis to extract nutrients from its environment and to store them in plant tissue was studied in an infiltration wetland used for wastewater treatment. The aims of the study were to estimate the contribution of plant uptake to the overall nutrient removal efficiency of the wastewater treatment system and to determine measures to enhance the nutrient removal efficiency. The functional response of Phragmites australis to nutrient addition was studied at two levels of nutrient availability by comparing a wetland used for wastewater treatment with a natural, undisturbed wetland. In the nutrient-rich wastewater wetland, biomass production, nutrient content of plant tissue, shoot/root ratios, and translocation rates were much greater than in the natural wetland. In contrast, plant nutrient-use efficiencies of both nitrogen and phosphorus were much lower in the wastewater wetland. The lower nutrient-use efficiencies were probably due to (1) lower nutrient productivity, which was probably due to self-shading resulting in a lower photosynthetic activity, and (2) lower mean nutrient residence time, which can be explained by a higher litter production (higher shoot and leaf turnover). In the wastewater wetland, harvesting during winter removed only 9% of the total nitrogen input and 6% of the total phosphorus input associated with the loading of wastewater. The low nutrient removal efficiency by aboveground plant harvesting is caused by translocation of nutrients from shoots and leaves to rhizomes and roots in autumn. Nutrient removal efficiency of the wastewater wetland could be enhanced by 40–50% by harvesting at peak nutrient storage levels in the aboveground plant parts in August or September.


Investigations of zirconium, polonium, americium, and promethiuin adsorption from aqueous solutions by non-exchangeable ion hydrophobic adsorbents indicate that the adsorption behavior of the radioelements is determined by their molecular state in the solution. The "salting out" observed in zirconium adsorption by Fluoroplast-4 with neutral salts depends not only on the anion concentration but also on the nature of the cation. The observed increase in zirconium adsorption by Fluoroplast in 0.2N HNO/sub 3/ and salts results from neutral complexes of zirconium formed in the solution. The identical behavior of polonium in TBP extraction and in adsorpiion by Fluoroplast-4 indicates a similarity of the processes, though different molecular complexes are formed. (R.V.J.)


General Introduction to the Series 1. Introduction Rationale Background Conceptual Framework Analytical Framework: Forces, Forms and Functions Organisation of this study 2. The Concept of Tertiary Education Current Usage of the Term 'Higher' Usage of the Term 'Tertiary' Tertiary Education - Its Evolution and Place Tertiary Education as a Type of Education Tertiary Education as a Level of Education Tertiary Education versus Tertiary Institution The Tertiary Education System in the Caribbean Importance Features of Tertiary Education Conclusions 3. The Shaping of Tertiary Education in the Caribbean Variation and Diversity in Caribbean Tertiary Education The Emergence of the University of the West Indies Forces, Forms and Functions in Caribbean Tertiary Education The Emergence of Other Tertiary Level Institutions 4. Access to Tertiary Education The Nature of Access Factors Affecting Access Review of Empirical Studies 5. Quality Assurance Introduction Rationale for Tertiary Education Quality Assurance Systems Form and Control of Quality Assurance Systems Some National Approaches to Quality Assurance Form and Function of Quality Assurance Systems Implications for the Caribbean 6. Future Directions for Tertiary Education in the Caribbean Prevailing Forces Functions of Tertiary Education: Views of Stakeholders Policy Issues and Options Diversity Size of the Undertaking Quality Differentiation Convergence Factors Enabling and Limiting Access Leadership The Curriculum and Preparation for the World of Work The Nature of the Learning Organisation Professional Preparation Conclusions References


MBOC(Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier) is an optimized modulation recommended for GALILEO L1 OS and GPS LIC.Compared with BOC,MBOC spreading modulation provides more high frequency power,so it can improve the pseudorange precision and mitigate the multipath effect.CBOC(Composite Binary Offset Carrier) signal is adopted for Galileo.This paper introduces the power spectral density and autocorrelation of MBOC modulation,then analyses its additional benefits including code tracking in noise and mitigation of multipath effect through MAT LAB simulation.


Coal is the major source of energy in the world. But, the process of extraction and use of coal has adverse effects on the environment. In this chapter, the authors try to reduce these effects by considering the principles and technologies involved in Industry 4.0, also known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. From a few expert reviews and research works, eight crucial factors were taken into account and were analyzed. The eight factors are consumer, water resources, smart transportation, smart factory, smart grid, smart mining, smart home, and renewable energy. The analysis has been made using the total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) method. The model distinctly demonstrates the influence of the principles of Industry 4.0 over coal industries. This chapter also aims to pave the way for future research and tries to contribute towards the sustainable extraction and usage of coal in energy industries. Consumer plays the most influential role in this regard.


Monounsaturated normal fatty acids (n-MUFA) and saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) are structurally characterized by separate tandem mass spectrometry methods for double bond localization and for chain branching in their respective fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derivatives, however these methods have never been applied to branched monounsaturated FAME. Here we report application of electron ionization (EI)-MS/MS and solvent-mediated covalent adduct chemical ionization (CACI)-MS/MS of monounsaturated BCFA methyl esters (MUBCFAME) of chain length 15-20 carbons. A novel system was used to implement CI with low vapor pressure reagents in a tabletop triple quadrupole MS. Anteiso-MUBCFA EI-MS/MS of the molecular ion (M) yields a characteristic diagnostic ion [M-29]+. iso-MUBCFA can be distinguished from n-MUFA by an ion intensity ratio of [M-32]+/[M-43]+, with iso-MUBCFA yielding a ratio >1.7 while n-MUFA yield a ratio <1.0. Chain branching at the iso and anteiso positions, terminal isopropyl and sec-butyl, respectively, do not alter CACI-MS/MS diagnostic ions compared to normal BCFA, enabling double bond positions of MUBCFA to be determined with the analogous α and ω diagnostic ions from cleavage on both sides of the erstwhile double bond. Taken together, this straightforward FAME-based technique via combination of EI-MS/MS and CACI-MS/MS enables fundamental structural identification of MUBCFA without standards.


The stability of turbulent nonpremixed interacting flames is investigated in terms of nozzle configuration shapes and kind of fuels. Four nozzle arrangements - cross 5, matrix 8, matrix 9 and circle 8 nozzles - are used in the experiment. There are many parameters affecting flame stability in multi-nozzle flames such as nozzle separation distance, fuel flowrates and nozzle configuration etc. Key factors to enhance blowout limit are the nozzle configuration and the existence of center nozzle. Even nozzle exit velocity equal 204 m/s, flame is not extinguished when there is not a center nozzle and s/d


XML is an optimal format for writing documentation that you can use with many different documentation software packages and production environments. In this third article in the series, discover how to create single-source documents that can produce output in a variety of different output formats.


Background: Many years have been devoted to preserve fertility, but the effect of cryopreservation on gene functionality in primary, secondary and tertiary follicular stages; is still unclear. The present study was designed to assess the effect of vitrification on the histological structures and expression of follicular cells related genes.
 Methods: The buffalo ovarian cortical tissues were vitrified in two-steps. The sliced cortical tissues were incubated with VS1 (8.5% DMSO and 8.5% EG) for 10 min and sequentially incubated and stored in liquid nitrogen in VS2 (16.5% DMSO, 16.5% EG and 0.1M Sucrose). Morphological differences were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, which indicated similar structures in both groups. Further, functionality of these follicles were evaluated by the relative gene expression of folliculogenesis-related genes; FOXO3, NLRP5, WNT4, SF1, VEGFA and HAS2. No significant difference was observed between the vitrified groups as compared to control. Moreover, toxicity in follicular cells during vitrification was rectified by MTT assay which also showed no significant difference.
 Conclusion: Present study can be considered as the key work that helps in filling the gaps regarding the growth of follicles after cryopreservation in buffalo species, as this imparts nonsignificant injury on follicular functionality and development.


Knowledge sharing is an important aspect of knowledge management that contributes to enhancing organizational learning to face competition. This paper tries to explore and analyze the relationship between different variables like information technology infrastructure, supportive organizational policies, knowledge sharing motivation, knowledge sharing practices and ongoing organizational learning. Data was collected using a questionnaire from 59 employees of Orange Company, a major telecommunication company in Jordan, and was analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression techniques. The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge sharing practices and ongoing organizational learning. Firms need to emphasize the role of organizational learning in sustaining competitive advantage and furnish needed tools to encourage knowledge management practices. It is vital for organizations to set up an environment for social interaction as a means for knowledge sharing.


We present the application of Self-Organizing Maps, combined with multi-layer Artificial Neural Networks, as a reliable auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of twelve common diseases, related with feeding difficulties on children upto twelve years old. The posed tool succeeds to pre diagnose with 96.2% of accuracy the proper diseases, under certain conditions of truncate information input.


In greenhouse experiments, translucent polyethylene film mulches reduced or eliminated purple nutsedge shoot emergence compared to a conventional, opaque, white/black polyethylene film mulch. The translucent mulches reduced purple nutsedge shoot biomass, tuber and rhizome number, and tuber biomass 85–99%. In a nonilluminated growth chamber, purple nutsedge shoots emerging from tubers readily penetrated translucent mulch as well as opaque mulch. Shoots emerging in pots illuminated by a mixture of fluorescent and incandescent lighting failed to penetrate translucent mulch but penetrated the opaque mulch. In field experiments, translucent mulches reduced emergence and growth of purple nutsedge 70–88% compared to opaque mulch. Numbers of viable tubers in the soil were reduced 65–76%. In greenhouse and field experiments, the translucent mulches elevated soil and air space temperatures 4–13 C compared to opaque mulch. However, in the growth chamber experiment, air space temperatures were not affected by mulch type, and soil temperatures were only 0.4–0.6 C higher under the translucent mulches. Results suggest that the suppression of nutsedge emergence and growth by translucent mulch cannot be attributed to solarization effects.


This paper describes an innovative method, commonly referred to as 'spider mapping', that allows pasture biomass and related data to be collected over large areas in a timely and efficient manner. Spider mapping was developed initially to collect data to allow calibration and validation of a spatial and temporal pasture growth model operating across Queensland on a 5 km grid basis. Two field officers made over 220 000 estimates and collected about 1300 samples of pasture biomass between January 1994 and August 1995. A number of selected biomass samples were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon content. In addition, data were also collected on foliage projective cover and tree basal area for a range of woodland communities and both variables compared with mean long-term Normalised Difference Vegetation Index values derived from a time series of National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration satellite imagery. Both variables were strongly related to the satellite data with overstorey foliage projective cover having the strongest non-linear correlation (r2 = 0.91). The method described here is currently being used in related work in the rangelands of New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory.


Abstract Health educators play a key role in assisting the nation deal with and be prepared for potential biological attacks. This article summarizes information found in the literature about likely bioterrorist threats to the U.S. population and discusses the responsibilities of health educators in regard to these threats. Among the important roles health educators should play are dispelling misconceptions and erroneous information associated with biological threats as well as minimizing panic from real or perceived attacks.


To deepen the production and operation management needs, achieve the integration of manufacturing enterprises internal and external supply chain management, an ideas of multi-level supply chain network integration model was proposed. Through the detailed analysis of the material flow relationship between enterprise level, workshop level, station level, process-level organizational unit of production network in the product manufacturing process, supply chain network diagrams at all levels of production units were drawed, and a complete multi-level supply chain network integration information model was given. The model reflects not only the hierarchy of manufacturing supply chain network, and also reflects the cross-flow of materials between different layers supply chain network unit. In addition, by analyzing the applications of this model in the digital product development process, production planning, production preparation and other enterprise management, the wide application base of this model in promoting enterprise digital construction was confirmed.


San Francisco -- While biological byproducts such as growth factors have a potential role in skin rejuvenation, there is not yet sufficient evidence to measure their true efficacy, according to recent research.


Electroencephalogram (EEG) presents a challenge during the classification task using machine learning and deep learning techniques due to the lack or to the low size of available datasets for each specific neurological disorder. Therefore, the use of data augmentation which consists of adding batches of data with patterns quite similar to the training data can offer an interesting solution. Inspired by the successes of the generative adversarial network (GAN) and specifically the Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) version, we propose a deep learning WGAN to generate artificial EEG with features related to each addressed pathogen to approximate the original training dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that using the artificial EEG data generated by our Wasserstein GAN significantly improves the accuracies of the classification models. The implementation was performed using a real dataset dealing with the Autism pathology which is provided by the King Abdulaziz University. Thus, we achieved great results using the presented data augmentation technique applied to the above-mentioned dataset.


Food waste management stays one of the greatest worries to be controlled in the accommodation business. The paper expects to distinguish the starting points of food waste, both pre-buyer, and post-consumer, and additionally the effects and difficulties of eliminating sustenance waste on a size of an inn's kitchen. Over that, the paper will propose distinctive methodologies and practices for food waste management in the sustenance and refreshment industry. Hotels are the real customers of assets and contribute vigorously toward the waste age, when contrasted with others. Today is the Green Economy time and green methodologies, such as reusing can give an awesome advantage to hotel industry. In this paper, we inspected writing in waste review, WARM model, equivalency adding machine and money saving advantage investigation procedures on inn properties and analyzing the present status of waste management for some hotel industry in India. A record is given of the reasons for the diverse kinds of waste experienced in this segment and what methodologies might be utilized to diminish them. By and large, there is an absence of insightful productions to help this region of research. This paper exhibits an outline of current waste management rehearses in India and proposes answers for a portion of the real issues.


We propose a memory and CPU usage prediction model for application-layer multicast networks. The predicted values are used in the distribution of end-hosts to overlay-hosts. Such a distribution enables us to limit the maximum resource consumption for a given node, leading to an efficient utilization of overlay-hosts and, finally, to an increased overall performance of the system. The model parameters are determined using training sets gathered from measuring resource consumption while distributing end-hosts to overlay-hosts. Both end-hosts and overlay-hosts are running on PlanetLab nodes, a testbed that provides researchers a real environment where nodes can become unreachable, network bandwidth can fluctuate and node processing capabilities can drop dramatically. Using the determined parameters, we show that our proposal can be used to estimate memory and CPU usage and to efficiently distribute end-hosts to overlay-hosts.


PurposeThe construction industry contributes to economic development by providing physical equipment and infrastructures. However, it also generates some undesirable outputs such as waste and environmental pollution, especially in developing countries. Due to the importance of the green supply chain management (GSCM) philosophy, for solving these problems, the current study aims to evaluate the drivers of GSCM adoption in the construction industry of Iran.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a descriptive and practical methodology. The participated experts in the study include senior managers of the construction department in Rasht municipality who had relevant academic education and suitable experiences in urban and industrial construction. The experts took part in both qualitative and quantitative phases of the research, namely verification of the drivers extracted from literature and ranking them in ascending order. In the quantitative phase, Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) as a new multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) method is used to evaluate the drivers of GSCM adoption using MATLAB software.FindingsThe results show that environmental management systems, green product design and innovational capability with weights of 0.347, 0.218 and 0.143 are the most significant sub-drivers, respectively. The less important factor is an investment in environmental technology.Originality/valueThis study evaluated the motivational factors of GSCM in the construction industry. The findings help governments, companies and green supply chain (GSC) managers to improve their knowledge about GSCM and make the best decisions to decrease environmental pollution.


Using individual‐level debt payments data from a credit bureau, we estimate debt service ratios by debt type for the United States. While highly correlated with the Board of Governors' national debt service ratio, we identify some required payments categories that vary substantively from the aggregate assumptions used in the Board's published data series. Estimating novel state and metropolitan statistical area (MSA)‐level debt service ratios, we show that debt service ratios rose dramatically during the 2000s housing boom in several of the most impacted states and MSAs. Our state‐level debt service ratios are shown to be useful in predicting state bankruptcy rates.


A three-year research project to investigate waste minimization and pollution prevention opportunities in the state of Nebraska is being conducted by members of the civil engineering faculty at the University of Nebraska. This article discusses the research team's waste assessment for the automotive sector In the state. These facilities produce sizable quantities of solid and lIquld waste, some of which are hazardous, although operators of these facilities are often unfamiliar with appropriate disposal and reuse technologies. Nevertheless. there are many incentives mo tiva ting these businesses to improve their waste management practices, including the rising costs of landfllling, increasing legal 1iabUity associated with the disposal of hazardous wastes, and potential regulatory controls applied to smallquantity generators of hazardous waste. ALTHOUGH POLLUTION (solid, liquid, and airborne) created by small industrial and commercial entities is not as aggressively managed or regulated as it is for larger industrial facilities, these small-scale polluters generate a substantial amount of hazardous and nonhazardous waste. Most of these facilities fall within this conditionally exempt category.' The Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Nebraska at Lincoln has been involved in research, funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to study the waste management practices of some of these smaller establishments and pollution prevention opportunities in the state of Nebraska. This article presents the results of a review of the segment of this study that focused on waste minimization options in the automobile repair industry.2 Automobile repair facilities not only produce sizable quantities of solid and liquid waste, but some of the waste streams, also are hazardous. These facilities generally fall under the: conditionally exempt or small-quantity generator category where operators often may not be familiar with appropriate disposal and reuse technologies. Nevertheless, there are many incentives for these businesses, particularly those producing hazardous waste, to conduct waste assessments and implement waste minimization programs. The cost of landfill and other disposal options continue to increase, making waste minimization more attractive financially. Second, implementing waste minimization programs may be a regulatory necessity, even for smallquantity generators of hazardous wastes. Third, potential liability associated with exposure to and improper disposal of the hazardous wastes can be decreased if the actual amounts and/or toxicity of those wastes produced are decreased. As is the case with aii waste minimization programs, the goal of


The tax burden on labour and its evolution over time are issues that feature prominently in the political debate. Averaged across the OECD, personal income taxes, social security contributions and payroll taxes together account for more than 51% of total government revenues in 2008 (OECD, 2010). With tax burdens differentiated by earnings level and family situation, they serve a central role as redistribution policies. Importantly, by shaping both work incentives and the cost of labour, the level and structure of these taxes are major influences on the functioning of labour markets...


Remarkably little is known about the long-term impacts of project aid to lagging poor areas (Chen, Mu et al. 2006, 2008). This paper contributes to the debate about the role of rural transport infrastructure development in explaining the long-term rural development. In line with Grimm and Klasen (2008) we agree that there is value-added to consider this debate at the micro level within a country as particularly questions of parameter heterogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity are likely to be smaller than between countries. Moreover, at the micro level it is possible to identify more precise transmission mechanisms from rural transport infrastructure to socio-economic development outcomes. This is done empirically by analyzing a UNDP&UNCDF financed rural development project in Zambia's Eastern Province running from 1997-2002. The secondary datasets consist of respectively a series of repeated cross-sectional living conditions monitoring surveys (LCMSs). The LCMSs were collected in 1998 (baseline) and 2004 (follow-up), that is both prior, during and after the project implementation. Our aim is to assess the ability of the parametric and semi-parametric models as well as using a time- series of cross-sections to provide an adequate description of the logarithm of per adult equivalent consumption of rural household conditional on few covariates, including an infrastructure treatment dummy variable. Although, the mean cotton sales share of household income has more than doubled despite the fact that the mean distance to the input market remained unchanged from 1998 to 2004, the parametric and semi-parametric estimation results are only small and statistically insignificant in terms of gains to mean consumption emerged in the longer-term. The main results are robust to corrections for various sources of selection bias.


Efficient leukocyte migration is important for an effective host response to viral infection and the development of adaptive immunity. The poxvirus strain modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a safe and efficient viral vector, rapidly induces chemokine expression and respiratory recruitment of leukocytes, which is unique among vaccinia viruses. In addition to chemokines, the complement system contributes to the attraction and activation of different types of leukocytes. Using a murine model of intranasal infection, we show in this study that MVA-induced neutrophil recruitment depends on complement component C5. Remarkably, we find that C5 mediates neutrophil recruitment to the lung, even in the absence of the central complement component C3. Our findings argue for complement C5 activation during MVA infection of the lung via a C3-independent pathway, which enables rapid recruitment of neutrophils. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194: 000–000.


All occupations, including police, must define what they do and why they do it in order to carve out and defend a socio‐economic and politically defined niche. This requires a rhetoric of justification. Crime statistics (ORCS), in spite of their frequent misuse by the police, academic criticism, and police ambivalence about their utility as a measure of performance, serve this purpose. These are at best reported and validated police activity, not a full assessment of the distribution of crime or disorder by official categories, regions, and cities. Attempted police innovations that are not 'crime‐based' nor connected to direct attempts at crime reduction have had mixed effects. A theory of policing that does not take into account these practices will fail to account for police behavior and known outcomes.


Substance P (SP) is involved in neurogenic inflammation and in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, demonstrating that there is a narrow interrelationship between the nervous system and immunity. Macrophage functions are altered in stress, therefore, since SP is a macrophage activator, its biological effect has been intimately linked to stress. In fact, SP enhances LPS-induced macrophage TNFα production from stressed animals and stimulates the production of IL-8 CXC chemokine response in a mast cell line in vitro. The stress-induced cytokines from macrophage also alter and contribute to inflammation. Understanding the pathophysiology of inflammation and the role of the chemical mediator SP may improve inflammation management.


We report the first use of the Rutgers Imaging Fabry-Perot Spectrophotometer to study the dynamics of the cores of globular clusters. We have obtained velocities for cluster stars by tuning the Fabry-Perot to take a series of narrow-band images at different wavelengths across one of the Na D (5890 AA) absorption lines. Measuring the flux in every frame yields a short portion of the spectrum for each star simultaneously. This proves to be a very efficient method for obtaining accurate stellar velocities; in crowded regions we are able to measure hundreds of velocities in 3-4 hours of observing time. We have measured velocities with uncertainties of less than 5 km/s for 216 stars within 1.5' of the center of the globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078). The paper is a uuencoded compressed postscript file.


A 3D periodical dielectric waveguide (PDWG) is a linear array of dielectric cylinders or holes. It becomes more and more promising in integrated optics because PDWG occupies less area on a chip than a common photonic crystal waveguide (PCWG). In this paper, a new and simple type of 3D 90°-bent PDWG is proposed to improve the transmission characteristics by shifting only one cylinder to another place. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations demonstrate that the transmission efficiency can be obviously increased.


High quality of service is a paramount concern in wireless networks. One of the strategies in achieving optimal performance is to use wireless empirical models to predict wireless link quality factors such as path loss and the received power in any given transmission domain with irregular terrain. The primary goal of this study is to develop a radio wave propagation model for Uyo metropolis. An assessment was carried out in three major roads within the city of Uyo in Akwa Ibom State, to determine the quality of GSM signal reception by measuring the signal field strength, magnetic field strength, and power density of the base transceiver stations. The measurements were carried out using radio frequency electromagnetic field strength meter over a distance of 2000 meters from the base stations. The results of the measurements were analysed and a path loss model was developed for Uyo using linear regression model. Three empirical models: Okumura-Hata model, COST-Hata model, and Egli model were also applied in predicting the path loss in Uyo and the results obtained were compared with the developed model for Uyo metropolis. The comparison showed that Route D model had a better comparison factor with the developed model while the Okumura-Hata and COST-Hata were almost the same with more loss as the distance increased. In all the measurements, the standard deviation was between 3.31 dB and 3.36 dB.


Flood inundations represent more than 62% of the deaths caused by natural disasters in Brazil. The dataset comprises the records of the Encantado´s pluviometric station, a municipality located beside the margin of the Taquari River in southern Brazil, which comprises the rainfall time series (n = 36,466) over 78 years, from April 1943 to December 2020. Complementary datasets also include the annual volume of precipitation per year and the level reached by the Taquari River during 44 flood inundations since 1941. The number of events is subsampled because only 32 years have the complete record of the river level. Three of the five major flood inundations at Encantado occurred after 2001, and the more severe flood recorded the maximum level of the Taquari River (20,27 meters) on July 8th, 2020. Thirty-four percent of all flood inundations in the city were recorded between 2011 and 2020. The months of July to October record 70% of all the events, but there is no record of floods in February and December throughout the data series. The human occupation of the floodplain has been fast in the last decades, and most of the urban area has a potential risk of being affected by flood inundations. Moreover, extreme rainfall events and flood events have been more frequent in the last 30 years. This database can contribute as a starting point for developing predictive models and verifying a possible correlation of floods with extreme events and global climatic changes.


A destructive stem rot of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Akihime) sporadically occurred in farmers` fields in Daegok-myon, Jinju city, Gyeongnam province in Korea. The infected plants showed stem and crown rot, with occasional blighting of the whole plant. White mycelia appeared on stems of infected clones and sclerotia formed on the old lesions near soil surface. The fungus formed white colony on PDA and showed maximum mycelial growth and sclerotial formation at . The fungus usually have many narrow hyphal strands, 2.6-10.0 in width, in the aerial mycelium. Typical clamp connections were formed on the mycelium. Sclerotia were spherical and 1.0-2.4 mm in size. The fungus was repeatedly isolated from infected tissues and identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. Its patho-genicity was confirmed when inoculated onto straw-berry. This is the first report on the stem rot of strawberry caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.


A fractionation method, utilizing carboxymethyl-Sephadex C-25 columns buffers, for the constituents of scorpion venoms is presented. Recovery of protein from the column is high, when applied to venoms on the Indian red scorpion Buthus tamulus . The venom of Heterometrus bengalensis species could also be similarly fractionated. The former venom (i.v. LD sub(50), 3.6 mg/kg mouse) yielded two fractions both of which elicited an initial transient hypotensive effect (cholinergic) and a secondary but prolonged hypertensive effect (adrenergic) in the rat.


This paper raises the issue of borders and limits as it pertains to the discipline of comparative literature itself. Can the limits/ borders of comparative literature be said to be co-extensive with the world? Is comparative literature consequently to be identified, geographically speaking, with world-literature? Or are the limits/ borders of comparative to be identified with Europe? And is comparative literature, then, to be equated with European literature?


The assistance of Bob Cardno in gathering and summarising the LETS literature is gratefully acknowledged, as is the funding of his work by the Carnegie Trust. This paper seeks to introduce local exchange trading systems (LETS) to the social and environmental accounting literature and to suggest a link between LETS and the discipline of accountancy. This task is tackled in three steps. First, the idea of "community currencies" is introduced, of which LETS are one type. Second, the principles behind LETS are developed and a sample of the literature in this area is briefly introduced. Finally, the potential linkages between LETS and the accountancy discipline are suggested.


Highly efficient InGaN/AlGaN double‐heterostructure blue‐light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with an external quantum efficiency of 5.4% were fabricated by codoping Zn and Si into an InGaN active layer. The output power was as high as 3 mW at a forward current of 20 mA. The peak wavelength and the full width at half maximum of the electroluminescence of blue LEDs were 450 and 70 nm, respectively. Blue‐green LEDs with a brightness of 2 cd and a peak wavelength of 500 nm were fabricated for application to traffic lights by increasing the indium mole fraction of the InGaN active layer.


The theory of intertextuality holds that no literary texts are isolated,rather they are nodes in the literary and historic tradition.Tempered by thousands of years,the poetic language is concise,the meters are precise,and the antithesis is neatly formed.Poems are full of intertextual signals.The traditional research on intertextuality was confined to the interpretation of meaning.But actually,all of the following aspects stretching from phoneme to discourse as well as collective unconsciousness formed by culture are stamped by the brand of intertextuality.The present paper creatively introduces intertextuality to the "beauty in sound" in poetry translation.The issue will be concentrated on from three aspects,namely sound symbolism,rhyme type and rhyme-scheme.


There are 33 dispersal clay dam except No.1,No.8 and No.32 dam at Southern Nen River Diversion Reservoir of Heilongjiang Province.At present there are still several dam that seriously damaged although the dam were reinforced twice in 1982 and 2000.According to analysis of physics and mechanism property of dispersal clay and dispersal mechanism,the paper provides the basis for studying and regulating dispersal clay in the future.


BACKGROUND
Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (IBC) is rare but has high incidence of misdiagnosis, especially for experienceless surgeons.

CASE
We report a case of IBC located in caudate lobe and described a typical procedure of misdiagnosing this disease. Finally, the patient was successfully cured, but the procedure of misdiagnosis should be attracted attention. Inexperience for IBC and atypical biopsy for histological examination were most important cause of misdiagnosis. Recurrent cystic lesions of the liver and repeated increases in CA 19-9 may suggest a "liver cyst", which is a misdiagnosis.

CONCLUSION
The experience and lessons of misdiagnosis in this case may help other clinicians diagnose the rare disease accurately.


zoon coccoides has not been studied. The possibility that our tissue cultures from resistant mice are resistant because of latent infection in the mice themselves seems quite remote. The factors should not, in this case, segregate in a Mendelian fashion, and latent infection of young or newborn mice has not been reported in these infections. Summary.-A virulent strain of mouse hepatitis virus is shown to have a selective destructive effect on the macrophages cultured from the liver and other tissues of newborn mice, and no apparent effect on the fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Tissue susceptibility seems therefore to be a property of the reticulo-endothelial system. Cultures obtained from resistant strains of mice showed no destruction of macrophages, whereas susceptible strains of mice yielded macrophages which were destroyed in culture. Tests of hybrids resulting from crosses between resistant and susceptible strains indicate that susceptibility is inherited and that genetic segregation of susceptibility and resistance occurs in the F2 and backcross generations. This is apparent both in the mice themselves and in cultures obtained from the different genetic crosses.