The paper is devoted to the stress-strain state computational analysis, strength and the load-bearing structures stability of a multifunctional high-rise residential building with an underground parking lot, developed by the architect Sergey Skuratov. This object is the tallest skyscraper, located on the territory of the Moscow International Business Center also known as Moscow-City. Static loads, wind loads and hypothetical local damage are taken into account. Brief information about the problems formulations, methodology of structural analysis and corresponding software systems, the building finite element models (including verification issues) and the analysis results are presented. The computational studies results analysis performed with the use of software package ANSYS Mechanical showed a consistent displacements and forces distribution (forces and moments) in the building foundation and frame with allowance for vertical static and wind loads, significant natural frequencies and mode shapes of building.


OBJECTIVE To explore an effective method of hand hygiene in ICU.METHODS Doctors and nurses in ICU washed hand with quick hand disinfectant or six steps hand washing at random,the time and compliance of two methods were recorded and their effect was checked.RESULTS The compliance and effect of quick hand disinfection were better than six steps hand washing(P=0.000),the time of quick hand disinfection was shorter than six steps hand washing(P=0.000).CONCLUSIONS The quick hand disinfection has good effect and high compliance.It is a good way for hand hygiene in ICU to improve clinical effects and values.


Different types of furnaces are available for the intermediate heating of steel blooms, billets and slabs for final processing by rolling or forging. These re-heating furnaces are designed to raise the temperature of steel sufficiently high so that It remains plastic enough
In hot condition for its economic reduction by rolling or forging to the-desired section.


This paper presents the performance of system identification for rectangular flexible plate using conventional parametric modeling approach by Recursive Least Squares (RLS) and intelligent parametric modeling approach by Particle swarm Optimization (PSO). The experimental rig of rectangular flexible plate with free-free-clamped-clamped edges boundary condition designed and fabricated in this research. The experimental study was conducted to collect the input-output data using a vibration flexible plate complete with data acquisition and instrumentation system. The input-output data will be used during developed the system identification. The whole developed model using RLS and PSO were validated using mean squares error (MSE), one step ahead prediction (OSA) and correlation test. The estimated of developed models was found are comparable, acceptable and possible to be used as a platform of controller development later on. As a comparison between developed system, it was found that the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm has perform better in term of the lowest mean squares error which is 0.00032719.


The movement of wave can be interpreted by time or space in digital waveguide model that is commonly used as a sound synthesis model. Time based models are generally used because of the sound sample is based on a time interval. We tried to model the string of the string instrument by the spatial sampling. And we appended the body model of string instrument to the space based waveguides model. In that manner, we could improve the synthesized sound quality and added the additional parameters which control the tone color. In this thesis, we discuss the fractional delay error that arises from the string and body in space based sampling and we showed the method to handle the fractional delay using FD filter. And we explained the change of synthesized sound by number of delays.


Despite the production of fertile transgenic plants through transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens,transformation efficiency is still low in fruit trees. The mannose selection system employs the phosphomannose isomerase(PMI)gene as selectable gene and the transgenic PMI-expressing cells have acquired the ability to convert mannose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Compare to antibiotic selection system,it has advantages such as high selective efficiency,safety for the environment and easy to test. It is also affected by some important factors. Here we talk about the application of this system on fruit trees transformation and its perspective based on the existing literature data. The advantages of this select system,some important factors affecting the transformation efficiency are discussed as well as the approaches in fruit tree genetic transformation using this PMI/mannose system.


The ontogenesis of those genetic differences in form which are homeomorphic, that is, which can be expressed in terms of meausrements, is considered. Particualar stress is laid on the advantages of longitudinal (versus cross-sectional, static, and mixed) data, and on the necessity of adapting the method of analysis to the type of data. Bivariate and multivariate methods of analysis are discussed, and the analysis of simple allometry is treated in detail. No existing multivariate method is competent to deal with longitudinal data; a way of overcoming this is suggested. Work on single-gene and multiple-gene diferences, and comparisons between related species, are critically examined. Instances in which the allometry line is simply shifted in position, without change in K (the coefficient of allometry) are common; well-established differences in K are relatively rare. When differences in K do occur, they often result in intersection of the allometry lines, or in convergence toward older ages. It is suggested that this results from the combined effects of genes which singly affect either position alone, or K. Evolutionary allometry is held to be a description of evolutionary trends, not an explanation of them in terms of growth. Theories of growth control and regeneration are discussed, and aspects which need reexamination using longitudinal methods of analysis are indicated.


The article examines two opposing images of Siberia, created in the story of Vsevolod Ivanov "The Return of the Buddha". It is noted that the main feature of the writer's works of the early 1920s critics both at home and abroad called it "the discovery of Siberia", while emphasizing that "East and Asia prevail in Vsevolod Ivanov's Siberia" (A. Voronsky). In the story "The Return of the Buddha" in the description of Siberia during the Civil War the terrible realities are emphasized: destruction, insurrections, famine, cruelty both on the part of the white guards and on the part of the Reds, against the background of which the representatives of the Soviet power are very ironically given. Exotic Siberia has different, extended spatio-temporal boundaries and includes the legend of the 300 th awakening of the Buddha, told to the hero of the story by the Mongol Dava-Dorzhchi, as well as the verses of Chinese poets given in epigraphs to its chapters. The real sources of the legend texts ("Encyclopedic Dictionary" by F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron) and poems of ancient Chinese poets – the scientific work of V. M. Alekseeva "Chinese poem about a poet. Stansi Sykun Tu (837–908). Translation and research with attachment of Chinese texts" (Petrograd, 1916). The author of the article shows that, despite the formal remoteness of the spatial coordinates of this exotic world from Siberia, their inextricable connection is affirmed in the story. Exotic Siberia, as the author of the article proves, is a part of the vast, mysterious East – the world of high spirit, selfless devotion, faith and freedom acquired by man. Ivanov's idea that the East, and not the West, is the focus of spirituality and culture is considered in the article in the historical, political and bio- graphical contexts of the early 1920s. In the policy of Soviet Russia, it was at this time that a turn to the East was taking place – the preparation of elements of the Asian orientation of the world revolution. However, for Ivanov, as the author of the article shows, the East is by no means an oasis of the future communist society. His understanding of the East and West is much closer to the concepts of philosophers, authors of the books "Exodus to the East. Premonitions and accomplishments. Approval of the Eurasians" (1921) and "Oswald Spengler" and "The Decline of Europe" (1922). The biographical realities of the life of the writer, who in 1921 came from his native Siberian East to the West – to Petrograd, could also contribute to the creation of a spiritualized and attractive image of Siberia in the story "The Return of the Buddha".


ABSTRACT Sanaullah et al. (2014) have suggested generalized exponential chain ratio estimators under stratified two-phase sampling scheme for estimating the finite population mean. However, the bias and mean square error (MSE) expressions presented in that work need some corrections, and consequently the study based on efficiency comparison also requires corrections. In this article, we revisit Sanaullah et al. (2014) estimator and provide the correct bias and MSE expressions of their estimator. We also propose an estimator which is more efficient than several competing estimators including the classes of estimators in Sanaullah et al. (2014). Three real datasets are used for efficiency comparisons.


A series of interviews conducted with companies in the field identified two hot spots in special-purpose machine software processes: scheduling and reuse. Two benchmark criteria are proposed to measure the quality of the processes with respect to reuse and scheduling in a specific company with respect to other companies. The significance of the criteria is shown by way of actual industry projects. An application is proposed where the criteria can be used to estimate efforts and schedules.


Nowadays, the academic achievement differentiation of Chinese students at school is a process of human-caused succession in some sense and has a considerable relevance to the social class difference, urban-rural difference, difference in father's/mother's education level and occupation, and gender difference. Research data show that, on the whole, students who are from the upper-middle class of the society, urban areas, or the family where the father or the mother has higher education level and takes up the occupation requiring more knowledge reserve undoubtedly have an obvious advantage in possessing and utilizing various high-quality educational resources and make a more outstanding academic performance. Yet, the effect of gender difference on academic differentiation still needs further data for verification.


Design approach to the optimal structure of multifunctional wireless tactile measuring means with self-contained power supply based on the search of the shortest paths in the graph, the balance of which is mapped to composite index that takes into account energy consumption, cost and technical compatibility of the functional units is considered. An example of increasing the accuracy of estimates of the measured parameters of objects with the combined wireless measuring tools is provided.


Future telecommunications aim to be ubiquitous and efficient, as widely deployed connectivity will allow for a variety of edge/fog based services. Challenges are numerous, e.g., spectrum overuse, energy efficiency, latency and bandwidth, battery life and computing power of edge devices. Addressing these challenges is key to compose the backbone for the future Internet-of-Things (IoT). Among IoT applications are Indoor Positioning System and indoor Real-Time-Location-Systems systems, which are needed where GPS is unviable. The Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5.1 specification introduced Direction Finding to the protocol, allowing for BLE devices with antenna arrays to derive the Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) of transmissions. Well known algorithms for AoA calculation are computationally demanding, so recent works have addressed this, since the low-cost of BLE devices may provide efficient solutions for indoor localization. In this paper, we present a system topology and algorithms for self-localization where a receiver with an antenna array utilizes the AoAs from fixed battery powered beacons to self-localize, without a centralized system or wall-power infrastructure. We conduct two main experiments using a BLE receiver of our own design. Firstly, we validate the expected behaviour in an anechoic chamber, computing the AoA with an RMSE of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {10.7~ ^{circ}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Secondly, we conduct a test in an outdoor area of 12 by 12 meters using four beacons, and present pre-processing steps prior to computing the AoAs, followed by position estimations achieving a mean absolute error of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {3.6~ \text {m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for 21 map positions, with a minimum as low as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {1.1~ \text {m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.


Cost-estimation can be performed using high-level parametric estimates, or with a bottoms-up approach using process-based cost estimation. Although it can be more difficult to develop, the bottoms-up approach offers many advantages, including the ability to reuse the cost estimating relationships (CERs) on new parts. This paper discusses the process of adapting a methodology that utilizes process-based CERs that were developed for estimating the cost of jet engine parts to create a system to estimate the cost of gas turbine parts. Issues that arose are described, along with the strategies used in resolving them.


An object of the present invention is suitable, a very high sensitivity for the black matrix and phosphor screen formed for formation of a color picture tube, and can greatly shorten the exposure time, and also to provide a photosensitive composition with high stability over time. The present invention relates to formula (I) Formula 1 Is represented by a, and 70 to 99% by weight of a vinyl-based polymer (A) is, Frontier electron density obtained by the formula of the functional group having a repeating unit derived from a monomer (a) not less than 0.067, expressed as the Q, and the azide compound and / or the photosensitive compound (B) a photosensitive composition consisting of 1 to 30% by weight of the diazo compound. Frontier (atomic orbital coefficient of the lowest ball trajectory) electron density =


Even in a bare classroom, physics can be demonstrated with whatever is there. For example, the optics of the eyes of students can be demonstrated with their own eyes. In this article we demonstrated a lazy eye, depth of field, and the blind spot.


Core–double-shell MoSe2/N,P–C@N–C⊂MoSe2 nanospheres are obtained through a tailored template and used as a stable host for high-rate storage of Na+/K+-ions.


Changes that took place in South Africa over the past 20 years were far bigger and more intense than what most countries experienced in a hundred years. Looking back to where we were and where we are now, we may rightly, in spite of shame and disgrace, be proud of our achievement.


Let g be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra (not necessarily semisimple). It is known that if g is self-dual (that is, if it possesses an invariant metric) then it admits an N=1 (affine) Sugawara construction. Under certain additional hypotheses, this N=1 structure admits an N=2 extension. If this is the case, g is said to possess anN=2 structure. It is also known that anN=2 structure on a self-dual Lie algebra g is equivalent to a vector space decomposition g = g+⊕g− where g± are isotropic Lie subalgebras. In other words,N=2 structures on g are in one-to-one correspondence with Manin triples (g, g+, g−). In this paper we exploit this correspondence to obtain a classification of the c=9 N=2 structures on solvable Lie algebras. In the process we also give some simple proofs for a variety of Lie algebraic results concerning self-dual Lie algebras admitting symplectic or Kähler structures. † e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com N=2 Structures on Solvable Lie Algebras


The presence of renewable energy sources in distribution level requires decentralization of traditional active grid operation and control to distribution grids. An approach allowing this decentralization is clustering power systems approach (CPSA). In this paper, a method of decoupled voltage sensitivity analysis based on the CPSA is proposed for online power dispatch management of the DG units in separate decentralized areas. The analysis employs only measured voltages and currents acquired from phasor measurement unit (PMU). First, bus impedance parameters in each area are calculated. With the impedance parameters, sensitivity of bus voltages and their corresponding angles to the change of active and reactive powers can be then analyzed. The validation of the proposed method is performed in a simulation in low-voltage distribution grids, in which the proposed method is assumed to be implemented. The results prove that the proposed method can be efficiently used for decoupled voltage sensitivity analysis.


Pulsed-power loads are present in many industries such as defense, automotive, milling, etc. Performance benefits like reduced switching stress, lower losses, dV/dT, harmonic distortion, and smaller output filters have proven the viability of multi-level converters at medium voltages. Now, with the rise of Wide Bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, studies have shown their relevance at low voltages (<1000V). This study highlights a potential control issue with three-level converters for Pulsed-Load applications and demonstrates a novel modulation scheme as a solution. The converter actively switches between two-level (2L) and three-level (3L) operation to minimize neutral point (NP) deviation, output current distortion and may now increase overall system power density. This hybrid operation reduces the ripple current requirements for the DC bus capacitors. The NP deviation and current distortion of the Gallium Nitride (GaN) based T-type converter is compared with the conventional three-level (3L) control scheme for a continuous pulsed-load.


This paper investigates the mechanism that causes x-ray enhancement in high-Z foams for laser-driven soft x-ray sources. By simulation of one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics, it is found that the x-ray enhancement is mainly due to the effect that, in a foam target, shock wave compression significantly reduces the energy loss of hydrodynamic motion (kinetic energy). In a solid target this effect is negligible for its low compressibility. Expressions of kinetic energy reduction (ΔE k = E k,solid − E k,foam) are given to model the improvement of the laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiency. The ΔE k given by the model agrees with the simulation result with about a 15% error for foam density 0.07 – 0.3 g/cc and for laser intensity 0.4 × 1015–2.0 × 1015 W cm−2. The model indicates that the x-ray enhancement is more efficient with a lower foam density and higher laser intensity, which is also presented by the simulation results.


As an essay written by Francis Bacon four hundred years ago on the issue of study, Of Study is a well-known exhortation in English literature. This paper is composed to analyze the application of rhetorical skills in translation of Wang Zuoliang on Of Study from the perspective of "Three Beauties Theory". It is found that the translation version of Wang Zuoliang not only retained the style and expression of the original text to a great extent, but also conformed to the expression habit of Chinese with full Chinese charm. Besides, it conveyed the beauty in sound, the beauty of form and the beauty of sense to readers perfectly with various rhetorical strategies. This study is expected to provide new enlightenment for translators in literary translation, such as a new theoretical perspective for the study of the rhetorical skills of the translation of Of Study and to serve for translation practice.


Cluster models of the Υ-Al2O3(111) and the Pt(111) surfaces have been used in an atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital study of interfacial bond strengths between them. The reduced extents for Al3+ are due to the ratio of oxygen to aluminum atoms. The greater the reduced extent for Al3+ is, the stronger the binding energy is to Pt atoms in a cluster. The oxygen-covered surfaces of Υ-Al2O3(111) are shown to bind more weakly to Pt atoms, while the binding to the oxygen-covered surface formed under oxidizing conditions of Pt atoms is strong. The interfacial bond of platinum-alumina may be possible by a charge-transfer mechanism from the platinum surface to the partially empty O-2p band and Al3+ dangling surface orbital.ဌ蘀؀牵扢敲


Isometric pyrochlore, A(2)B(2)O(7), with compositions in the Y-2(Ti,Sn,Zr)(2)O-7 ternary system, are of particular interest because there are dramatic changes in properties, such as ionic conductivity, and response to radiation damage, as a function of disordering of the A- and B-site cations and oxygen vacancies. First-principles calculations using density functional theory and the plane-wave pseudopotential method, predict lattice constants (1.0049-1.0463 nm), atomic coordinates, and bulk moduli (176-205 GPa) that are linearly dependent on the B-site cation radius (0.062-0.072 nm). However, the energetics for the formation of cation-antisite (0-2 eV) and Frenkel-pair (4-11 eV) defects do not correlate with cation size, underscoring the importance of the specific electronic configuration of the B-site cation. The greater degree of covalent bonding between as compared with or results in defect formation energies otherwise unexpected solely due to the radius ratios of the cation species. Y2Sn2O7 shows 2-4 eV greater defect formation energies than otherwise predicted through mean B-site cation sizes. Relaxed calculations on coupled cation-antisite and Frenkel-pair defects show that cation-antisite reactions likely drive the oxygen-Frenkel pair defect formation process that ultimately leads to increased oxygen mobility and completely aperiodic structures. Total charge and partial density of states calculations show strikingly different behavior of oxygen on two different crystallographic positions, emphasizing the need for a full account of the electronic structure.


Having Spring-festival and lighting firecrackers are both traditional Chinese folk-customs and they are the cultural inheritance that existed for thousand of years.Special attention should be paid to the traditional festivals laws should be worked out to protect them. A legal society needs common effort from law making part to the people of the whole society. The law that forbidding lighting firecrackers should be met with the people's will.We should not let the people forget their national cultural tradition and custom by 'forbidding'.


A critical review and evaluation of content of the recent "Official List of Brazilian Mollusc Species Threatened with Extinction" in force is presented, based on analysis of the information corresponding to eight of the 23 non-marine/continental and specific marine species included in it, who occurring in the Southern Region of the country within the geographical space of the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.


Vocal fold area and thickness were studied as a function of fundamental frequency of phonation using the stroboscopic-laminagraphic (STROL) technique. Two lamina-grams each were measured for seven ...


In the light of a series of the problems existing in our country's agricultural mechanization such as the uneven development and unreasonable structure, this paper puts forward some channels and methods for promoting the healthy and stable development of the agricultural mechanization with the scientific reviews of the development, which include broadening the major fields of the agricultural mechanization, accelerating the innovation of the popularizing system and the service organization, strengthening the support of the government, and improving the quality of the agricultural agents, etc.


ABSTRACT Flew, Ryan and Su's study of The Rap of China invites us to consider how the surprising success of this reality talent show reflects core debates concerning global media, cultural imperialism and popular culture's capacity to foster resistance. This article elaborates on the authors' assertion that communication and culture have historically provided conflicting perspectives on the local impact of global media forms. Flew Ryan and Su mention Raymond Williams' definition of culture as a key conceptual moment in this history. Significantly, Williams' definition was criticized for its 'communication' overtones. In particular, Williams was upbraided for paying too little attention to the role of conflict in culture. This article explores these criticisms of Williams, as a means of engaging critically with Flew, Ryan and Su's exploration of resistance, as it applies to The Rap of China.


SUMMARY In observational studies, treated and control subjects are often matched on the basis of observed covariates to permit comparisons of subjects who appeared similar before treatment. In many studies, however, it is not possible to find an exact match for every treated subject, so that within matched pairs treated and control subjects may still differ with respect to some observed covariates. This paper discusses a simple general method for obtaining permutation inferences that adjust for such observed differences within pairs. The method generalizes both the Wilcoxon signed rank test for continuous responses and the McNemar-Cox test for binary responses, as well as many other permutation tests for matched paris.


Objective:To investigate the insulin combined with hydrogen peroxide treatment of diabetes baiduobang the effect of pressure sores.Methods:To 63 cases of pressure sores in patients with diabetes were randomly divided into observation group and the control group,31 cases of the control group,32 cases of the observation group,control group given conventional insulin therapy and partial dressing,the observation group in the control group based on the use of hydrogen peroxide and treatment of baiduobang to observe the situation of two pressure sore healing.Results:The total effective rate 100%,the recovery rate of 62.8 percent,better than the control group 36.1%,efficacy of the observation group was superior to the control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Hydrogen peroxide combined with insulin treatment of diabetes baiduobang obvious effect of pressure sore,pressure sores can shorten treatment time and reduce patient suffering,improve the quality of life,worthy of promotion.


Counterfeiting undoubtedly produces great harm to companies and the society. This article presents a study on the application of social network analysis (SNA) to combating this problem. The supply chain can be viewed as a network of parties involved in delivering value to consumers. Normally, SNA is used to analyse relationships between people. In this study, it is utilised to analyse supply chains for the identification of parties that are likely to be involved in counterfeiting activities. After identifying the suspects in a supply chain, the company can deter and detect counterfeiting by tightening surveillance on these parties. The feasibility of using SNA as an anti-counterfeiting tool is investigated in a case study, the findings of which indicate that SNA can effectively help companies to prevent sources of counterfeit products from infiltrating into the supply chain. Problematic parties can be identified by characterising the following features: high degree of centrality, high closeness of centrality and high betweenness of centrality.


The behavior of phosphates of calcium in phosphoric acid solutions has been discussed in former papers from this laboratoryZ. Two crystalline phosphates of calcium have been shown to exist in equilibrium with solutions containing free phosphoric acid: monocalcium phosphate, which at 25' exists in equilibrium with solutions containing over 3 I 7 grams of phosphoric acid (PzO,) per liter; and dicalcium phosphate, which is stable below this concentration. At very low concentrations (up to about 5 grams phosphoric acid per liter) the stable solid was found to be a solid solution consisting of lime and phosphoric acid. Both these crystalline phosphates of lime suffer decomposition when water is added to the solid, the resulting solution becoming richer in phosphoric acid and the solid poorer in phosphoric acid than the original compounds. The phosphates of magnesium are also decomposed by water, yielding solutions which are more strongly acid than the original solid, and the composition of the various acid solutions which can exist in contact with magnesium phosphates have been determined at 2 5 O . In a similar way the phosphates of iron suffer decomposition when treated with pure water and compositions of various acid solutions in contact with ferric phosphate have been determined at 2 5 O . The composition of the solid in contact with these solutions is shown to be variable, that is, the solids are solid solutions. Phosphates of Mag.nesium.--Solid dimagnesium phosphate was added in excess to solutions of phosphoric acid in varying concentrations. These mixtures were constantly agitated in a thermostat at 2 5 O , and at the expiration of two months


The γ‐ray strength function is a key statistical nuclear ingredient to the s‐, r‐ and p‐process nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. It has recently become apparent that extra γ‐ray strengths that appear near neutron threshold on top of the low‐energy tail of GDR play an important role in neutron capture and photodisintegration. We discuss extra γ‐ray strengths of pigmy E1 and giant M1 nature based on the latest experimental photoneutron cross sections measured with laser Compton scattering γ‐rays.


The paper outlines a comprehensive state-of-the- ar t review of automated inspection planning systems for use with a co-ordinate-m easuring machine (CMM) and summaries the application methods and techniques used in automation of inspection planning for CMMs. A classification of the automate d inspection planning systems according to the concept, methodologies and techni ques used for inspection planning tasks has been identified and grouped. The rev iew also outlines the classification of inspection planni...


A journal article by Prof. Munyae Mulinge a Lecturer at the School of Humanities and social Sciences at United states International University - Africa.


Introduction: The requirement for more funds has been a significant challenge for China's heavily polluting enterprises (HPEs) to embark on green innovation. Methods: This study takes China's 2012 Green Credit Guidelines (GCGs) as a quasi-natural experiment to examine their effect on the quality and quantity of green innovation in HPEs. Using the data of Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2020 and the difference-in-differences (DID) model. Results: We found that the Green Credit Guidelines could significantly improve the number of enterprises' green innovation but not their quality. Discussion: As part of the potential solutions, this study proposes 1) the implementation of specific green fiscal policies to complement the existing green credit policies by the government, 2) a more comprehensive range of green financing products by financial institutions, and 3) the active development of funding from non-bank sources, such as venture capital or commercial credit.


Phlogopite mica surfaces have been observed under various conditions by an atomic force microscope (AFM). Although the AFM images change with the scan directions, we suppose that the hexagonal arrays which appeared in the AFM images are oxygen atoms from the observations of phlogopite mica surfaces after an ionexchange. Similar periodic structure images were obtained in water and in silicone oil as well as in air. Particularly clear images were obtained in pure water.


Art Forum presented by Joanne Finkelstein.
Contents: Side A. Joanne Finkelstein talks about fashion objects and their place in society


The chapter uses material from Vivien Leigh's British Library papers to forge a new approach to histories of her struggles with mental health. The chapter examines how this particular aspect of her life is represented within the archive. As a case study, I analyze fan letters that were generated in response to press coverage of the breakdown Leigh suffered while filming Elephant Walk in 1953. The chapter shows how predominantly female fan writers corresponded with Leigh. In turn, they capitalized on the simultaneous intimacy and distance of the fan letter to create a platform for self-exploration. More broadly, the chapter considers the cultural frameworks in which such fan-inflected confession gestated. It reads the content of the letters against a backdrop of attitudes toward women's mental health at this time.


Cancer Immunology
Immune checkpoint–inhibitor therapies bolster the antitumor activity of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Wang et al. performed single-cell analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in mouse cancer models in which inhibitory anti–PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and stimulatory anti–GITR (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor–related protein) antibodies together enhanced tumor control. This combination immunotherapy led to a synergistic increase in tumor antigen–specific memory precursor effector T cells dependent on the CD226 costimulatory pathway. Biochemical studies in liposomes identified CD226 as an additional target of dephosphorylation mediated by the PD-1–SHP2 (Src homology region 2) complex. Thus, further clinical trials could usefully test the efficacy of combined anti-GITR and anti–PD-1 immunotherapy in human cancer.

Sci. Immunol. 3 , eaat7061 (2018).


The article describes the principles of the main techniques which can be used for finding beta or gamma emitting radioactive isotopes in foodstuffs. The problem of interpretation is then considered from the point of view of the evaluation, and it is concluded that radiochemical analysis is usually possible and a radiotoxicological appraisal is often not possible. (auth)


Arsenic is found in the natural environment as it is used in insecticides and pesticides for protection of rice. As part of this process, it has contaminated soil and groundwater, exposing people to its effects by touch, breathing, and drinking. This study aimed to assess the arsenic in groundwater and analyze the spatial distribution patterns of arsenic contamination by using spatial autocorrelation in groundwater. Groundwater data were collected from 31 wells with global positioning system (GPS). Arsenic contamination of the groundwater analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption. Spatial autocorrelation statistics were analyzed by Anselin Local Moran's I for the patterns of distribution of arsenic contamination. In addition, groundwater of arsenic contamination was modeled by indicator kriging method. The Results showed that 22 groundwater sources were contaminated with arsenic. The application of spatial correlation statistics with Moran's I revealed a cluster spatial pattern with statistical significance of arsenic in groundwater especially in the south of the study area. Keywords: arsenic, groundwater, spatial autocorrelation


Mental illness continues to be a leading cause of stressor especially for veterans in the United States. These problems are affecting the role functioning and relationships. The purpose of this review was to explore extensive literature on the benefits of aerobic exercise that lead to non-pharmacological interventions to help patients who suffer from mental illness in a veterans hospital inpatient mental health unit. Patients admitted to inpatient mental health units have a diagnosis such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, or schizoaffective disorders. They should also meet the diagnostic criteria of suicidal or homicidal ideation. Sometimes it may be a veteran who is unable to care for self or needs medical supervision. Upon conclusion of the literature review, evidence has shown to provide significant data supporting the benefit of aerobic exercises.


The purpose of the Moving to Inclusion on-line resource is to provide physical activity leaders with a tool that will help them include individuals with disabilities in a wide variety of physical activity and sport programs. Regardless of the environment – recreational, competitive, educational, or fitness and wellness pursuits – one should expect and be ready to offer enjoyable and satisfying opportunities to all individuals, including those with disabilities.


This paper analyzes the automobile braking process and the law of changes in angular velocity,deceleration,acceleration of the wheel during braking.A wheel dynamics model is established based on facts.Choosing deceleration and acceleration as the control parameters according to maximum braking force produced by limit deceleration,based on EQ140 braking system,an electronic anti braking testing system is established.The system is tested on the laboratory barratte for several times and proved to be effective.The favourable conclusion and experence obtained will be helpful in further researches in this field.


The implementation of quality management is not proceeding quickly enough. Proposes that the delay is caused by avoidance of organization disruption in the short term. Presents the concept of encouraging management commitment by making relevant quality related expenditure attractively tax deductible and discusses the expansion of the quality movement into general society, along with a funding plan that governments can use to introduce the proactive approach.


A model for finding the local optima of a multimodal function defined in a region A ¿ Rn is proposed. The method uses a local optimizer which is started from a number of points sampled in A. In order to reduce the number of function evaluations needed to reach the local optima, the parallel local search processes are stopped repeatedly, the working points clustered, and a reduced number of processes from each cluster resumed. A direct nonhierarchical cluster analysis technique is presented. The dissimilarity measure used is the Euclidean distance between points. Clusters are grown from seed points. The number of required distance evaluations is less than or equal to c(n-1), where n is the number of points and c is the number of clusters arrived at. Thresholds are determined by the point density in a body which in turn is determined by the given points. The covariance matrix is diagonalized, and a decision on the dimensionality of the space containing the points can be made. The volume of the body is proportional to the square root of the product of the corresponding eigenvalues. The performance of the clustering analysis technique is illustrated. It is demonstrated that there exist classes of global optimization problems for which the probability of obtaining a solution is greater for the proposed model than for multiple local optimizations. Some experiences gained from using the model are reported.


This work focuses on the religious separation clauses contained within the First Amendment and offers both a descriptive claim that current doctrine is far too narrow, and a normative claim that a broader Madisonian framework of free conscience religious liberty is superior to current doctrine.


Societal and demographic changes have contributed to increasing biand multilingualism in European countries in recent years, and communication on social media platforms such as Twitter reflects this linguistic diversity. While high rates of English use online have been attested for many European countries by survey research, relatively little work has quantified the extent to which English is used on social media in European contexts. In this study, English use and bilingualism with English in Europe are investigated on Twitter. A large corpus of Twitter messages with geographical metadata was created by accessing the Twitter APIs. After language detection and filtering, linguistic profiles for European countries were created and the behavior of biand multilingual users examined. The analysis supports some previous findings that suggest that a large-scale language shift towards English may be ongoing in Europe in some communicative domains. Geographical differences shed light on the dynamics of this process.


MicroLEDs (micro-light-emitting diodes) are an emerging display technology that, as the name implies, use very small LEDs for pixels. Much the same as any other current display technology, it combines red, green and blue sub-pixels to reproduce a colour. Although there are currently no microLED displays in mass production today, there is a massive opportunity for the technology to penetrate major display markets and replace incumbent LCD and OLED (organic light-emitting diode) technologies in a wide range of applications, from HDTVs to smartphones and wearables such as smart watches, and head-up displays (HUDs) and virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) headsets. According to research consultancy Yole Développement, the market for microLED displays could reach up to 330 million units by 2025. However, many development challenges remain before microLEDs can fully realise their potential.


ABSTRACT Emoticons play a key role in digital written interactions. Since the 1980s research has highlighted their growing relevance, as they allow to convey increasingly rich emotional, social, and pragmatic information. This article contributes to this area of research by providing an analysis of emoticons as structural markers in Twitter interactions. Based on a large corpus of Italian tweets, mixed-effect models were used to investigate to what extent and how emoticons are used in this role and what variables most influence their use and their relationship with punctuation marks. Results indicate that emoticons often have the function of clause and sentence boundary marking, either replacing or integrating punctuation marks. Variables affecting their use included user's age, emoticon type, and position within the tweets. In this role their use reveals the pursuit of coherent strategies in discourse organization.


The effects of cold rolling on microstructure evolution and mechanical hardening of Inconel 690 alloy have been studied.There is a critical strain eL ranging between 15% and 20%,below which the hardening rate declines with increasing strain,the Ludwigson model is available to describe true stress-strain curve.Dislocation movement is mainly single system glide,and this work hardening mainly comes from the dislocation long-range stress field.From the critical strain to 40% deformation,the hardening rates increase with increasing strain,Hollomon model can be used to describe it,dislocation multi-slip and cutting appear,the work hardening mainly comes from short-range stress field between dislocation glide and tree dislocation cutting,and the hindrance between dislocation glide and twin crystals.


Different traditional dosage forms available in the market with many drawbacks including patient inconvenience, limited applications to several sites, variable bioavailability in addition to patent expiration. These drawbacks make pharmaceutical companies look for other drug platforms. Thin films loaded with active ingredients which are prepared as flexible polymer layer gaining acceptability in drug industry. They are easily prepared, adapted for administration of drug via different routes (to overcome several barriers) including ocular, dermal, transdermal, vaginal, oral and others. In additions, thin films are free of harmful chemicals and offer good drug stability. This review spotlights on the medicated thin films as alternative dosage forms that require further attention to maximize their performance and application.


Disclosed is a liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by containing the component (A) described below and the component (B) described below. Component (A): a polyimide which is a polymer obtained by imidizing a polyamide acid having a repeating unit represented by the structural formula [1] below and containing a carboxyl group in a molecule Component (B): an amine compound having a primary amino group and a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring in a molecule, wherein the primary amino group is bonded to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group. (In the formula [1], R1 represents a tetravalent organic group, and R2 represents a divalent organic group including a structure represented by the following formula [2].) In the formula [2], X1 represents 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene, and X2 represents an alkyl group having 3-12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 3-12 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 3-12 carbon atoms or a fluoroalkoxy group having 3-12 carbon atoms.


Summary

In this paper, we discuss the on-line estimation of distributed source term, diffusion, and reaction coefficients of a linear parabolic partial differential equation using both distributed and interior-point measurements. First, new sufficient identifiability conditions of the input and the parameter simultaneous estimation are stated. Then, by means of Lyapunov-based design, an adaptive estimator is derived in the infinite-dimensional framework. It consists of a state observer and gradient-based parameter and input adaptation laws. The parameter convergence depends on the plant signal richness assumption, whereas the state convergence is established using a Lyapunov approach. The results of the paper are illustrated by simulation on tokamak plasma heat transport model using simulated data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The frequency and severity of adverse effects resulting from the administration of streptokinase and alteplase were determined in 126 consecutive patients who received standard dosages of these agents for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation was based on patient assessment by nursing staff, physicians, and the investigators before, during, and after thrombolytic administration. Overall, adverse effects occurred in 15 (41.7%) of 36 patients receiving streptokinase and 12 (13.3%) of 90 receiving alteplase (p=0.001). No major bleeding or neurologic events were documented. Minor bleeding occurred in 13.9% and 7.8% of streptokinase and alteplase recipients, respectively (p=0.47), and hypotension in 8 (22.2%) and 5 (5.6%), respectively (p=0.01). The frequency of hypotension associated with streptokinase was significantly higher than that with alteplase. Thrombolytic‐induced hypotension was easily managed and was not associated with sequelae.


We use 3-phenoxypropyl bromide as alkylation reagent to react with N-confused porphyrin to get 2-aza-2-(3'-phenoxypropyl)-5,10,15,20- tetraphenyl N-confused porphyrin,2-NCH2CH2CH2-O-C6H5NCTPPH (2)。And we use Ni(OAc)2、Cu(OAc)2 to react separately with 2-NCH2CH2CH2-O-C6H5NCTPPH (2) to get two different complexes,Ni(2-NCH2CH2CH2OC6H5NCTPP) (3) and Cu(2-NCH2CH2CH2OC6H5NCTPPO)(4). Then we use X-ray Single-Crystal Diffeactometer、NMR spectroscopy and EPR spectroscopy,etc.,to determine the crtstal structure of complexes and to compare and analyze the molecular characteristics.


The article presents the results of field observations and analysis of literature data on avifauna, the distribution and nature of the presence of protected species of birds in the areas of finding placer deposits of diamonds in the subarctic Western Yakutia


For over five years we have used student designed and developed laboratory equipment with great success. Typically a student team will design and fabricate a prototype of a next –generation piece of laboratory equipment. Other students are then hired to fabricate multiple production run pieces of the equipment. Student developed laboratory equipment solves two challenging problems confronting most engineering programs: 1) the need to update laboratory exercises and equipment without adequate funds and 2) satisfying Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) requirements for a major design experience within the curriculum. In this paper we will briefly review previous projects completed such as a Motorola HC12 microcontroller based teaching platform, a Freescale S12 microcontroller based teaching robot, and a Verilog HDL based robot. We will also review the lessons learned in such a venture and potential challenges. We then focus on the most recent student developed laboratory equipment – a Freescale S12 based laboratory trainer.


Introduction
 Almost all multiple myeloma (MM) cases were progressed from a premalignant condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). So far, the pathogenesis of myeloma is not yet clear. The immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as regulatory T (Treg) cells with a unique immunosuppressive function, play an important role in myelomagenesis. Although there have been reports on Treg cells in MM patients, the results were still in debate. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) Treg subsets and aging Treg-like cells in untreated MM patients and individuals with MGUS, which might help further elucidate mechanisms of immune dysfunction during myelomagenesis.
 Methods
 Our study included 20 MGUS patients and 26 newly diagnosed MM patients. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the proportion of Treg cell subsets and aging Treg-like cells in PB and BM. Flow sorting technology was used to separate Treg cell subsets and effector T cells in the bone marrow of newly diagnosed MM patients. The inhibitory function was indirectly calculated by detecting proliferation rate of CFSE-labelled effective T cells which were cocultured with different Treg cell subsets. Concentration of IL-10 from the culture supernatants of proliferation assay was measured using ELISA.
 Results
 In PB, the proportion of activated Tregs (aTregs, CD4+CD45RA-FoxP3hi) in CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in MGUS and untreated MM patients than healthy controls (P=0.01, P<0.001); there was no difference in the proportion of resting Tregs (rTregs, CD4+CD45RA+FoxP3lo) between MGUS and untreated MM patients compared with healthy adults (P=0.72, P=0.07). There was also no significant difference in the frequencies of non-Tregs (CD4+CD45RA-FoxP3lo) from MGUS and MM patients with normal controls (P=0.22, P=0.67). The proportion of CD4+CD28-FoxP3+ Treg-like cells in CD4+ T cells was gradually increased in MGUS, untreated MM patients than healthy controls (P<0.01, P<0.01); Treg-like cells in newly diagnosed MM patients were significantly higher than those in MGUS patients (P=0.01).
 In BM, the proportion of aTregs was significantly higher in MGUS, untreated MM patients compared with healthy controls (P<0.01); the proportion of rTregs in MGUS, untreated MM patients was significantly lower than that of controls (P=0.02, P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the frequencies of non-Tregs in BM from MGUS and MM patients with normal controls (P=0.14, P=0.88). The proportion of Treg-like cells in CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in MGUS, untreated MM patients compared with healthy controls (P<0.01, P<0.01). Treg-like cells in untreated MM patients were significantly higher than those in MGUS patients (P<0.01).
 The inhibition rate of aTreg in bone marrow of newly diagnosed MM patients was significantly higher than that of rTreg (P<0.01), while the inhibition rate of non-Treg was significantly lower than that of rTreg cells (P<0.01). The inhibition rates of aTreg (P=0.21), rTreg (P=0.08) and non-Treg (P=0.09) in healthy controls were no difference from those in MM patients. The level of IL-10 secreted by non-Treg in untreated MM patients was notably higher than that of aTreg and rTreg; the ability of cytokine secretion of Treg subsets in MM patients was similar with that of healthy controls.
 Conclusions There were significant changes in the frequencies of Treg cell subsets and Treg-like cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow of MGUS and MM patients, suggesting that immunomodulatory abnormality has existed in patients at premalignant stage. The immunosuppressive and cytokine secretory functions of Treg subsets in bone marrow of untreated MM patients were intact compared with that in healthy adults.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This article put forward some equitable measure and the solving method,with the appearance such as fold and bending etc of the board,in the plate_type blister packaging machine


The conative or behavioural basis of culture and the importance of normative function of it are comprehended. The style variety of cultures and different ethnogroups representatives socially typical behaviour in which ethnic subjects express the samples of behaviour acquired in culture are considered.


This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture for chronic low back pain. The aim of this secondary analysis is to compare possible differences in patients recruited with two different recruitment strategies. The paper is overall sound and well written and I have only few suggestions. Minor revisions Abstract The abstract is fine as it is. Introduction The rational for the project is well explained Method section This is only a minor detail. Since all participants invited into the study where member of the same health care plan, I suppose they received the health plan magazine with the advertisement to recruit patients. I am not sure how this is interacting; it is for example conceivable that this might have reinforced recruitment by mail. Results The results are well displayed. Discussion Comparison with existing literature is appropriate. The conclusion is in line with the results.


Stress is a response through both physically and mentally from somebody, to something that is perceived as annoying and resulted in his being threatened in the neighborhood. One factor that causes stress is the workload. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the workload and stress levels in workers fabrication, formwork and casting in PT X. This type of research is explanatory research using cross sectional approach. Total population 35 people. The sample used in this study using total sampling, because 5 people are no longer working, then sample this study amounted to 30 people. Data analysis using univariate analysis using frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using Chi-square test. These results indicate that workers with heavy work loads more levels of stress in the category of normal and mild stress compared with workers in the category of moderate stress and severe stress, which amounted to 66.7%. Most workers who experience stress on a relatively mild level of stress category. Results of bivariate analysis showed there was no relationship between workload stress levels (ρ-value 0.712). The conclusion of this study is the workload is not associated with the level of stress in workers fabrication, formwork and casting in PT X. The company should provide a resting place for the workers, making shift work at the time of casting and conduct work overtime refreshing program for workers.


The name of Arminius (1559/60 - 1609) is connected with a specific variant of the Reformed tradition: more rational and humanistic than mainstream Calvinism. This book gives an impression of the current research into his work. The focus is on the influence of Arminianism all over Europe, mainly in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. An extensive survey of the portraits of Arminius and a comprehensive bibliography of his writings complete this book.


Innovation of synthetic dyes successfully eliminated the utilisation of natural materials as textile dyes. Simplicity as well as variety of colours strongly increased the application of synthetic dyes. Nevertheless, environmental concern has lately forced the use of natural dyes. To simplify the usage of natural dyes, production of natural dyes powder is inevitable. Investigation was carried out to examine the effects of solvent and filler types on the yield, chromaticity, flavonoid content, and water content of natural dyes powder. In this work, Brachiaria mutica was used as a sample source. It was crushed and grinded before extracted using mixture of methanol and water as solvents at various methanol concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Extraction was carried out at a ratio of raw materials to solvent of 1:10. The filler of maltodextrine or gum arabic was added into dye extract before then converted into powder form by the aid of spray dryer. It was found that among the provided solvents, system using 50% methanol was considered to be optimal in resulting high yield as well as flavonoid content, while maltodextrine is chosen as providing better result than that of gum Arabic. Moreover, methanol concentration of 50% and 5% maltodextrine filler generated greyish yellow colour with the lowest water content of 0.9%.


With effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are emerging as a major cause of morbidity and death in the aging HIV-infected population. To address whether HIV-Nef, a viral protein produced in infected cells even when virus production is halted by ART, can lead to endothelial activation and dysfunction, we tested Nef protein transfer to and activity in endothelial cells. We demonstrated that Nef protein from either HIV-infected or Nef-transfected T cells rapidly transfers to endothelial cells while inducing nanotube-like conduits connecting T cells to endothelial cells. This transfer to or transfection of endothelial cells resulted in apoptosis, ROS generation and release of monocyte attractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Nef-induced apoptosis is mediated through both NADPH oxidase- and ROS-dependent mechanisms, while MCP-1 production is NF-κB dependent. Importantly, Nef protein can be found in circulating blood cells in patients receiving virally suppressive ART, and in the endothelium of chimeric SIV-infected macaques. Together, these data indicate that inhibition of Nef-associated pathways may be promising new therapeutic targets for reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease in the HIV-infected population.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between University students" basic psychological needs for leisure, perceived freedom and self-realization. The research was made with 258 participants from 4 Universities located in Kyunggido. The results of this study based on above factors and procedures were as followings. First, all factors of basic psychological needs had significant effect on needs/flow and self-control sub factors of perceived freedom. Competence and autonomy had significant effect on confidence. Second, all factors of basic psychological needs had significant effect on spontaneity sub factor of self-realization. Autonomy and relationship had significant effect on positive ego and catholicity respectively. Third, needs/flow and confidence sub factors of perceived freedom had significant effect on spontaneity sub factor of self-realization.


The three rural problems are the key problems in our economic development,and they are also the problems that our government should pay more attention to and make great efforts to solve.The corn of "three rural problems" is to increase the peasants' income,but increasing peasants' income depends on the support and development from the rural finance.This article analyzes the financial situation in our rural area,elaborates the existing problems and puts forward suggestions on how to solve the problems of our rural finance.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate in-situ OTDR fault location using a conventional 850-nm VCSEL. The laser functions as both emitter and resonant-cavity photodiode receiver, enabling simplified monitoring of low-cost fiber networks. Theoretical detection limits are discussed.


The speed of change in business has accelerated tremendously over the last decade. Epitomised by the pace at which the global financial crisis (GFC) descended on us, there's no arguing the dynamism of the current business environment, worldwide. One important message to come out of the recession is that continuous improvement and the pursuit of business excellence are vital to any organisation's future survival and success.


Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Debaryomyces hansenii isolated from dry-aged beef on the tenderness and flavor attributes of low-grade beef during dry aging. Methods Five D. hansenii strains were isolated from dry-aged beef samples. The rump of low-grade beef was inoculated with individual D. hansenii isolates and subjected to dry aging for 4 weeks at 5°C and 75% relative humidity. Microbial contamination levels, meat quality attributes, and flavor attributes in the dry-aged beef were measured. Results Of the five isolates, the shear force of dry-aged beef inoculated with SMFM201812-3 and SMFM201905-5 was lower than that of control samples. Meanwhile, all five isolates increased the total free amino acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, and leucine contents in dry-aged beef. In particular, the total fatty acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid contents in samples inoculated with D. hansenii SMFM201905-5 were higher than those in control samples. Conclusion These results indicate that D. hansenii SMFM201905-5 might be used to improve the quality of beef during dry aging.


Convolutional codes over rings were proposed as appropriate codes for phase modulation (Baldini Filho et al., 1987, Baldini, Filho and Farrell, 1990, and Massey and Mittelholzer, 1989). Structural properties of ring codes were considered in Massey and Mittelholzer (1990) and Johannesson et al. Convolutional codes over rings can have surprisingly different properties from codes over fields; these differences depend strongly on the structure of the underlying ring. In this paper, some simple basic properties of ring codes are considered and related to two well-known chain conditions that can be imposed on a ring (Atiyah, 1969).


In this study, with respect to access to the data and information needed for the role to the economic aspects of per capita income on the education index in Iran we have paid to this important and its effect on the sustainable development of the economy of the Iran. The purpose is reviewing the effect of educational system on economic development process in Iran during the last thirty years. In the preparation of the data required for the hypothesis test, data is collected from Iran's statistics Center. According to the past being the subject for the relationship between variables we applied of correlation analysis test, hypothesis testing, regression and linear to Simulacra. The results of statistical analysis showed that public education progress has related to gross national production and, as a result, per capita income and its effect on communication is relatively high.


Solid oxide fuel cells are becoming increasingly important in various applications, from households to large-scale power plants. However, these electrochemical energy conversion devices have complex behavior that is difficult to understand and optimize. A numerical simulation is a primary tool for analysis and optimization-design. One of the most significant challenges in this field is improving microscale transport phenomena and electrode reaction models. Two main categories of simulation are black-box and white-box models. The former requires large experimental datasets and lacks physical constraints, while the latter inherits the inaccuracy of typical electrochemical reaction models. Here we show a micro-scale artificial neural network-supported numerical simulation that allows for overcoming those issues. In our research, we substituted one equation in the system, an electrochemical model, with an artificial neural network prediction. The data-driven prediction is constrained and must satisfy all reminded balance equations in the system. The results show that the proposed model can simulate an anode-electrode's thermodynamic losses with improved accuracy compared with the classical approach. The coefficient of determination R2 for the proposed model was equal to 0.8810 for 800 °C, 0.8720 for 900 °C, and 0.8436 for 1000 °C. The findings open a way for improving the accuracy and computational complexity of electrochemical models in solid oxide fuel cell simulations.


that show variations comparable to those seen among men and among apes of different species today. These variations accounted for some of the controversy of classification, especially when limited fossil material was available. In subsequent chapters the teeth, skulls and pelves are described in relation to other hominid or pongid fossils. The teeth of the australopithecines were hominoid in shape and placement anid the jaws more prognathous than those of man today. Although the general shape of the skull differed greatly from the apes in general configuration , the volumn of the brain was small. Skull markings of muscle attachments indicated hominid characteristics. The contour of the pelvis was also hominid indicating, in total confirmation, essentially an adaptation for bipedal locomotion, but one not as efficient as that of modern man. The gait was probably shuffling rather than striding. This is also born out by stuldies of the long bones of the lower extremities. One chapter describes how the australopithecines lived, as revealed by other contemporary fossils and their surroundings. Little evidence of the use of "tools" is available or convincing, but Sir WVilfrid reasons that some use of stone and bone tools was probable. The size and tooth strtucture of the australopithecines and the contemporary fauna would indicate the need of tools or weapons for hunting and protection, and the fossil osteology in-(licated enough manual dexterity to use such tools and a brain adequate to (lirect their construction and use. Sir WVilfrid knows, or knew, many of those who discovered the atistra-lopethecine fossils. He followed the sequence of discoveries and interpretations. The small-brained hominid that lived one to two million vears ago has become recognized as a progenitor of the pithecanthropines. He ap-lplauds in a "Postlude" those who discovered, observed, and described the fossils and hypothesized on their significance, the latter sometimes wronigly, to establish the identity and significance of Australopithicus. The volume is nicely written and pleasant to read. It gives one a sense of working with and reasoning with the author as he describes and discusses the structure and life of the Ape-man. The 33 simple line drawings and well-selected photographs supplement the concise yet informal exposition in an admirable fashion and the photographs of Drs. Dart and Broom and the Leakeys add a personal touch. These last volumes of the translation of Professor Taton's four-volume Histoire de la Science survey the advances in "Mathematics," "MIechanics and …


Abstract : The work performed by Battelle included support to the information subsystem at the Compressor Research Facility located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The work was largely computer related and included system administration; it entailed writing new software, modifying old software, and purchasing and integrating off-the shelf software packages. The work also included purchasing computer equipment and other hardware, helping the Air Force staff minimum manning positions during compressor testing, and training Air Force personnel in the use of newly developed software. Delivery orders covered test support, analysis, and other facility-related task.


The automatic control system for air conditioning in intelligence buildings is briefly described,and the recently developed VAV-TRAV air conditioning system introduced in the article.


In this study, we construct an interregional trade model that includes endogenous fertility rates. The presented model shows that the agglomeration of manufacturing firms in a large region causes fertility rates to become lower than in a small region. We also find that a decrease in transportation costs results in the agglomeration of manufacturing firms, which lowers fertility rates in both large and small regions. In addition, comparing the competitive equilibrium with the optimal equilibrium, the fertility rates may be inefficiently small.


In my Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir, published in December, 1972, as part of the Flora of West Pakistan edited by E. Nasir & S. I. Ali, a number of new combinations were made without the requirements for valid publication according to the International Code being fulfilled. The relevant details are supplied here in order to validate the names. My thanks are due to the compilers of the Index Kewensis, Mrs. J. L. M. Pinner and Miss T. A. Bence, for drawing my attention to this matter.


As well known that the model reduction for large-scale linear dynamical systems based on Krylov subspace is called moments matching. In this method, one or more interpolation points is needed to construct  a certain Krylov subspace. In this paper, we propose the proof of theorem for moment matching at Markov parameter using the theorem which is obtained from standard block Arnoldi algorithm.


Nowadays, the hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) is considered as an excellent technique for sample treatment in spite of the long extraction times required to obtain high enrichment factors (EF). Recently, the application of an electric potential to HF-LPME systems has been successfully used to reduce these extraction times. This technique, called electromembrane (EME), is based on the transport of some compounds from a donor solution, or sample, to a receiving solution located into the lumen of a polypropylene fiber. The transport occurs through an organic phase immobilized on the pores of the fiber by means of an electric potential.
Nevertheless, the direct application of an electric potential to previously optimized HF-LPME systems don?t assure the reduction of the extraction time without a decrease in the EF. This is related to the strong dependency between the chemical/hydrodynamic conditions and the electrical variables in EME systems. For this reason, in this work the effect of the electric potential on four HF-LPME systems previously optimized for metals (Ag, Cd, Cu y Ni) preconcentration in natural waters has been studied.
For all systems, the EF increased when electric potential increased until a maximum and then, the EF remained invariable or even decreased slightly. This decrease was related to the instability of the organic phase in the hollow fiber when high electric potentials were applied. The decrease was more noticeable in the case of the nickel preconcentration system, probably for the ionic character of the extractant reagent (DEHPA) used, avoiding the application of electric potentials over 50 V. Besides, the composition of organic phase was shown as a key factor in EME systems. First, EF increased when polarity of organic phase increased, on the condition that the electric currents were lower enough to avoid the system warming (Joule effect) or the electrolysis. In addition, the appearance of these negative effects can be move to higher potentials depending on the extractant used.
Finally, the electrodes configuration affected to the enrichment factors. In general, these EFs were higher when lower diameter of electrodes (0.25 mm) were used as well as when the distance between both electrodes was short (2.5 cm).
Then, three EME systems were optimized for the preconcentration of silver, cadmium and copper from natural waters, as well as a system for the simultaneous preconcentration of six metals (Cu2 , Zn2 , Co2 , Ni2 , Pb2 y Cd2 ).
The first EME system was optimized for the preconcentration of silver, using Cyanex 471x dissolved in kerosene as organic phase and sodium thiosulfate as acceptor solution. First, the most influential variables on the process were selected from a fractional factorial design. These variables were the extraction time, the stirring rate, the electric potential and, in a minor contribution, the sodium thiosulfate concentration. After, the optimization of these four variables was carried out using a Draper-Lin design, obtaining an EF of 49.91 ± 3.95 in 22 minutes under the optimal conditions. However, this EF decreased when salinity in the sample increased, probably due to the appearance of silver chloride species that cannot be transported, making difficult the system application to saline samples. For this reason, kerosene was substituted for 1-octanol in order to increase the polarity of the organic phase and, in addition, the extraction time was increased until 30 min. Under these conditions, an EF of 79.9 ± 14.9 was obtained for saline samples with 35g·L-1 of NaCl. Finally, the system was applied to analyse five saline water samples achieving recoveries near to 50% for all samples in comparison with the values obtained from a reference method.
The second EME system was optimized for the preconcentration of cadmium, using Cyanex 272 dissolved in 1-nonanol as organic phase and nitric acid as acceptor solution. In this case, the modified Simplex method was used and the selected variables were the pH of the sample, the concentration of Cyanex 272 in the organic phase, the concentration of nitric acid in the acceptor solution and the electric potential. After, the effect of extraction time and stirring rate on the system was also evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, an EF of 108.32 ± 10.33 was obtained. This EF decreased when salinity of the sample increased as in the case of the silver preconcentration system, but the decrease was so pronounced that avoided the application of EME system to the preconcentration of cadmium in saline samples. Therefore, the system was applied to the analyses of five non-saline real samples added with 30 and 50 ?g·L-1 of cadmium. The recoveries were dependent on the chlorides concentration in the samples. As example, a recovery of 95 % was obtained for the sample with the minor chlorides concentration, while a recovery of 13% was achieved in the sample with the highest chlorides concentration.
The third EME system was optimized for copper preconcentration by means of the modified Simplex method, using the synthesized reagent dPKBH dissolved in 1-nonanol as organic phase and nitric acid as acceptor solution. As in the case of cadmium, the chosen variables were the pH of the sample, the concentration of dPKBH, the concentration of nitric acid and the electric potential. Then, the effect of extraction time and stirring rate was also evaluated. Under optimized conditions, an EF of 79.57 ± 11.90 was obtained independently of sample salinity. Then, the system was applied for copper preconcentration in samples with a salinity range between 0 and 38. No significant differences (p=0.05) were observed between the concentrations obtained using the EME system and those obtained from the reference method.
Finally, an EME system for the simultaneous preconcentration of six metal cations (Cu2 , Zn2 , Co2 , Ni2 , Pb2 y Cd2 ) in aqueous samples was studied, using DEHPA dissolved in 1-nonanol as organic phase. In this case, the CE-C4D was used for the analysis due to it allowed the direct analysis of the low volumes used as receiving phase. First, the effect of the major cations (Na , K , Ca2 , Mg2 ) was evaluated since they can be transported by DEHPA, which is a non-selective extractant. For each one, the analytical signal decreased when the major cation concentration increased, showing this decrease for lower concentrations when a divalent cation was evaluated. The same behaviour was observed when the four major cations were present simultaneously in the sample, making difficult the application of this system to analyse water with high concentrations of these cations. For this reason, the system was evaluated using a sample with salinity similar to a diluted seawater sample (1:10). Under the best conditions, the system was applied to the analysis of the six metals in a mineral water, a tap water and a diluted seawater samples (1:10), obtaining recoveries around the 90% for the non-saline water and around the 50% for the diluted seawater.


Tell us if you think your Council Tax bill is wrong. You can challenge being made liable for Council Tax or the award of a Council Tax discount, exemption or disabled band reduction.


The utility model discloses a foldable drawing-inserting laptop desk which comprises a main panel, a left auxiliary drawing panel, a right auxiliary drawing panel and folding desk legs, wherein, one edge face of the main panel is articulated with a panel frame and the left and right auxiliary drawing panels are positioned on the side walls of the panel frame at the left and right sides of the main panel; the folding desk legs are respectively articulated on the left auxiliary drawing panel and the right auxiliary drawing panel which are both respectively drawn at the inner face and the outer face at two side walls of the panel frame by a plurality of rolling strips arranged on a sliding device. A cooling fan is arranged on the main panel of the utility model, thus the effective heat elimination can be realized; the folding desk leg can be freely folded away and provide more convenience in use; the main panel and the lower desk body can be freely supported by a supporting device; a block device arranged on the supporting device can freely lift the height of the desk top with convenient use. When the left and right auxiliary drawing panels are put away, the rolling strips can slide in the auxiliary drawing panels along the chute, thus saving the overall space and ensuring the laptop desk more practicality.


We obtain sharp oracle inequalities for the empirical risk minimization procedure in the regression model under the assumption that the target Y and the model F are subgaussian. The bound we obtain is sharp in the minimax sense if F is convex. Moreover, under mild assumptions on F, the error rate of ERM remains optimal even if the procedure is allowed to perform with constant probability. A part of our analysis is a new proof of minimax results for the gaussian regression model.


This study evaluates the effectiveness of advertising expenses on the sales revenue and profitability of Nigerian Bottling Company Plc. This study is based on secondary data collected for advertising expenditure, sales revenue and profitability of Nigerian Bottling Company Plc over the period of 1996 to 2009 from the annual report and accounts of the company under study. Among the objectives of the study is to evaluate the extent of the effect of   advertising on the sales revenue of the company. Correlational and regression analysis study designs were adopted for the study. The contribution of the first hypothesis has found that advertising expenses has depicted significant relationship between advertising and the sales revenue of the company. Furthermore, the second hypothesis result has shown that advertising has no significant effect on the profitability of the company. This study concluded that advertising is considered as one of the most important medium of communication influencing the company's performance in more than one ways. But its influential strategic important could be suppressed by other factors which also try to receive equal attention at time of deciding any sales and profitability strategy. It is therefore recommended that not only advertising should be given adequate attention while formulating strategies relating to sales revenue and profitability promotion policy. Other factors which are crucial to increase sales revenue and profitability such as; sales promotion, personal selling, publicity etc which are crucial should be considered. Keywords: Advertising, Expenditure, Profitability, Revenue, and Promotion Policy.


One-side sewing technique can avoid the space limitation when processing the pre-shaped textile composites compare with the traditional sewing method. In order to adapt to the changes of parameters such as the thickness of the sewing material in the different operating environment , this article focus on adjustable design of mechanisms in one-side sewing device, utilize the method of changing the needle puncture angle and movement stroke of the needle-bar at the same time, realized the continuous adjustment of the suture parameters. Accordingly, analyzed and determined the stitching work space and the optimal parameter range of sewing material.


Roughly speaking algebraic geometry studies the properties of polynomial equations which are encoded in their geometric structures. These geometric structures are inherently of a rigid nature, for example a circle and an ellipse are different geometric objects. Nonetheless these share an important commonality: they divide space into an "inside" and an "outside". Now imagine a rubber band in the shape of a circle. This rubber band circle is easily stretched into an ellipse or into any number of shapes and back into a circle. All of these shapes share the commonality mentioned above. Homotopy theory is a branch of algebraic topology which studies properties of a "shape" that are preserved even after deforming the shape. Higher dimensional examples quickly become complicated and to handle this complexity these two fields have developed very different and very specialized techniques. At first glance, because of the dissonance between the viewpoints of rigidity and of deformability, it appears doubtful that homotopy theory has any meaningful role in algebraic geometry. However, the previous two decades or so have borne witness to spectacular applications of the tools from homotopy theory within algebraic geometry. This is based on insights of V. Voevodsky which, following a long line of development initiated by Grothendieck in the 1960s, uncover subtle connections between these subjects. Morel and Voevodsky introduced motivic homotopy theory, providing a framework to apply the powerful tools of homotopy theory and algebraic topology to the study of algebraic varieties. This theory was developed to isolate the aspects of geometry of algebraic varieties that influence arithmetic properties, i.e., motives. Fundamental algebro-geometric invariants such as algebraic K-theory and motivic cohomology can be studied within this setting. These ideas have proven remarkably successful viz. Voevodsky's celebrated proof of the Milnor conjectures, for which he was awarded the Fields Medal in 2002. Additionally, this work has led to the resolution of other long-standing open problems such as the Beilinson-Lichtenbaum conjectures, the Bloch-Kato conjectures, and the Qullen-Lichtenbaum conjectures. During my visit I gave three talks. The first two talks detailed work on equivariant homotopy theory. This included joint work with David Gepner on the Adams isomorphism and the tom Dieck splitting theorems in equivariant motivic homotopy theory. The first asserts that there is an equivalence between fixed points and the quotient of a free motivic G-spectrum and the second is a computation of the fixed points of a suspension spectrum. The remaining talk was focused on recent work with Tom Bachmann and Elden Elmanto on power operations on normed motivic ring spectra. In that work, using both equivariant and categorical methods we construct a good theory of power operations for normed algebras over mod-2 motivic cohomology. Some preliminary applications include some splitting results for normed algebras of characteristic two. I also discussed several ongoing projects with Professor Østvær during the visit. In one, which is also joint with Beaudry, Roendigs, Stojanoska, we consider the homotopy limit problem for Hermitian K-theory. Briefly, there is a motivic version of homotopy fixed points constructed using geometric versions of EG. We show that KQ can be obtained as the motivic homotopy fixed points of the C2action on KGL. This converts the usual homotopy limit problem into a comparison of motivic and classical homotopy fixed points of KGL. Solving this problem we find that the KQ is the η-completion of the classical homotopy fixed points of KGL. This recovers and generalizes previous work of HuKriz-Ormsby, Berrick-Karoubi-Schlichting-Ostvaer, Roendigs-Spitzweck-Ostvaer, and Heard. In the second project, we discussed slice filtrations on equivariant homotopy theory. Previously, we have considered an ad-hoc definition for a slice filtration on motivic C2-equivariant spectra. As


Objective To investigate the relations of contraception methods and cervical human papillomavirus(HPV)infection,and analyzes the impact of IUD on patients′s TNF-α.Methods From June 2011 to June 2013,2 576 patients were treated as research subjects,including cervical HPV infection in 120 patients,all methods of contraception were statisticed,different cervical HPV infection Infection rates in patients with dfferent contraceptive methods were compared.The TNF-αwere checked by ELISA on 50 cases IUD patients(study group)and 50 cases no IUD women(control group).Results IUD group had the lowest proportion infection rate,the HPV infection rate was 1.92%(10/542),compared with the IUD,condoms group,oral contraceptives group(P0.05),HPV infection rate in the pill group were higher than that of the intrauterine device group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),tubal ligation HPV infection rate is higher than that of pill group,difference was statistically significant(P0.05).TNF-αin study Group cervical mucus was(88.94±35.78)pg/mL,that of control group was(14.67±6.31)pg/mL,the study group was significantly higher(P0.05),but there was no significant difference in different materials IUD of control subgroups(P0.05).Conclusion The women with IUD contraception has a small proportion HPV infection,but the TNF-αof cervical mucus is higher.It may play a role in the prevention of HPV infection by improving the local immune status.


ciple that the verbal accent must invariably coincide with the first beat of the measure—a principle which does not accord with the facts of medieval music and which consequently leads to strange inconsistencies. But such blemishes as these cannot interfere with our unhesitating verdict of the book as " incomparably the finest carol collection in existence." Sir Richard Terry has constantly been unfortunate in his proof-readers. Apart from the printed list of " Corrigenda " (which itself gives a wrong reference), a fairly careful scrutiny has revealed over fifty other errors which should be corrected in future editions. As the book seems assured of a long life there will doubtless be ample opportunities for such amendment. A.G.M.


Legal scholars emphasize the natural rights of creators, noting that individuals have a right to protection of their productive labor. These philosophies have been the genesis of recognizing intellectual property rights. The original concept of IP was that everyone who had played a part in creating something that is in the mind makes some sort of profit. A lot has been written about the advantages of Intellectual property and the need to protect it. However there are always two sides of a coin, IP is no exception to this and has its own set of drawbacks.


Cloud computing has emerged as an important paradigm enabling software, infrastructure, and information to be used as services over the network in an on-demand manner. Cloud computing infrastructures can provide adaptive resource provisioning with very little initial investment while scaling to a large number of commodity computing nodes. In this paper, we present Openstack, a modular and highly adaptive open source architecture for both public and private cloud solutions. It is shown an experimental implementation of an IaaS, built on entry-level hardware, demonstrating the hardware, and most important, the basic software components needed to set the foundation for a solid entry-point to setup a low-cost Openstack cloud infrastructure.


The treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer depends on the clinical stage based on the FIGO classification and the presence of lymph node metastases. Clinical staging of cervical cancer does not attain a good diagnostic performance, since it is incorrect in approximately one‐third of patients who undergo surgical staging. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging resulted to be superior to clinical evaluation and computed tomography (CT) in parametrial evaluation and in the staging of uterine cervical carcinoma. Endoluminal ultrasound was introduced to analyse the cervix but no improvement in the diagnostic accuracy with respect to clinical staging was obtained. Color Doppler velocimetry was proposed as a non‐invasive tool in the examination of cervical cancer. Cervical cancers with detectable intratumoral blood flow were associated with larger size, invasion of parametrium, pelvic lymph node metastases and greater microvessel density. A 'vascularity index' resulted to be correlated with staging and lymph node metastases. The aims of our study were to assess color Doppler characteristics of 48 cervical cancers at different stages and to analyse the correlation between Doppler parameters and clinical–pathological features of the tumors. Three‐dimensional color power Doppler technique was used to investigate the vascular architecture of the neoplastic tissue. Three‐dimensional vascular images were compared to magnetic resonance results. The actual clinical application of the three‐dimensional vascular analysis in the evaluation of cervical cancers remains still to be defined.


Muscle spindles are complex sensory organs found exclusively in skeletal muscles. They are composed of intrafusal muscle fibres several millimetres in length, each of which receives a motor and a sensory innervation. Two types of intrafusal fibre, nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres, can be distinguished according to the distribution of their nuclei. A nuclear bag fibre is relatively large in diameter and contains a central bag-like collection of nuclei in its central or equatorial region. A nuclear chain fibre is narrower and contains only a central longitudinally orientated row of nuclei in its equatorial region (Boyd, 1962a, b; Harker, 1972). The spindle is enclosed for most of its length within a prominent capsule formed from perineural epithelial cells. In the equatorial region of the spindle the capsule is separated from the intrafusal fibres by a broad periaxial space which is filled with mucopolysaccharide (Brzezinski, 1961). Electron microscopical studies of rat spindles have shown that in nuclear chain fibres some of the lateral sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum which form trials with T-system tubules are greatly distended by the occurrence of a granular material (Ovalle, 1971, 1972). Distended lateral sacs have also been found in guinea-pig and avian intrafusal fibres (Banks & James, 1973; James & Meek, 1973). Similar structures are also present in the intrafusal fibres of the adult cat (Adal, 1969). The present study was undertaken to see whether nuclear bag fibres also contain distended lateral sacs. A preliminary account of the findings in rat intrafusal fibres has already been given (James & Meek, 1970).


AbstractMeter gates are widely used in California and all over the world for both flow control and discharge measurement. The calibration data of the popular round Armco meter gates are available i...


In the government structure the unitery state of Indonesian, the subdistrict regions is equipment of regency city. This case accord with uu 2004 no 32 about the regions government in pasal 27 ayat 2 the region equipments or regency city consists of regions secretariat, DPRD secretariat, department of region and it means that subdistrict is one of regency region equipment the implementer of goverment headed by a camat. In here the roles of subdistrict very imforta district. On the other words this subdistrict would have many deficiencies for facility and human resources. One of organization that serve the people is a subdistrict office of batu hampar, regency of rokan hilir. The camat office is one of organization that have a major role in managing and regulating the people. Any five villages in subdistrict of batu hampar. They are bantayan village, bantayan hilir, sungai sialang,sungai sialang hulu, and bantayan baru.the local regulations in regency of rokan hilir about establishment of the organizational structure, employment, main duties and villages regency government of rokan hilir the third shapter in the part 2 about employment and basic duties pasal 5 ayat 1 : subdistricts is the camat duties as regions equipment regency of rokan hilir. Pasal 5 ayat 2 : camat is implementer to does the goverment mission by bupati to take a care partial autonomy and the pasal 5 ayat 4 : camat position and basic duties. Part 2 about employment and basic duties pasal 6 have the basic duties to help bupati in implement develop governments and living development. The people in subdistrict regions with develation of affair giyen by bupati. Key words :analysis Performance,cervicing, capability.


The mean precipitation fields for eastern South America from eight mid-Holocene (6 ka) simulations, part of the third phase of Palaeoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) and the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), are evaluated. These simulations were compared to a new multiproxy compilation of 120 previously published records of changes in South American paleoclimate. Results show that when compared with modern conditions, mid-Holocene proxy data point to a drier Southern Brazil and South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), but a wetter/similar Northeastern Brazil. This suggests a weaker South American Monsoon System during the mid-Holocene when compared with its modern strength. All analyzed model simulations indicate a similar pattern, with a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone during the mid-Holocene, related to a weaker South Atlantic subtropical high, and negative annual precipitation anomalies over the SACZ area. Regional differences between the analyzed models were clearly detected.


Over the last 30 years, satellite data have been playing a key role for the monitoring of the Earth's atmosphere and climate, with an important French and European contribution. This article summarizes the successive stages of a space mission for Earth's observation, describes the geophysical variables that can be derived from the measurements, and presents the societal benefits associated with these observations.


What is the central question of this study? Mortality in accidental hypothermia patients rewarmed by extracorporeal circulation remains high. Knowledge concerning optimal fluid additions for extracorporeal rewarming is lacking, with no apparent consensus. Does colloid versus crystalloid priming have different effects on fluid balance and blood flow distribution during extracorporeal rewarming? What is the main finding and its importance? In our rat model of extracorporeal rewarming from hypothermic cardiac arrest, hydroxyethyl starch generates less tissue oedema and increases circulating blood volume and organ blood flow, compared with saline. The composition of fluid additions appears to be important during extracorporeal rewarming from hypothermia.


Treatment of newborn rats with 10 gg/g of nerve growth factor for 10 days enhanced not only the growth but also the differentiation of neuroblasts in superior cervical ganglia. These morphological changes were accompanied by selective induction of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine #-hydroxylase (EC 18.104.22.168), whereas the total and specific activities of other enzymes involved in biosynthesis or metabolic degradation of norepinephrine rose only in proportion to the increase in volume of the sympathetic ganglia. There are remarkable similarities between this effect of nerve growth factor and the induction of trans-synaptic enzymes by increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Ever since the discovery that a specific nerve growth factor (NGF) enhances growth and differentiative processes of sympathetic neurons (1, 2), the question has been raised whether this factor selectively stimulates metabolic pathways characteristic of this particular nerve cell type. Sympathetic neurons offer an almost ideal system to test this hypothesis, since the biochemical correlates of their function are rather well known. However, it was not until recently that sufficiently sensitive methods became available to measure the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolic degradation of the adrenergic neurotransmitter in small tissue samples (3-6). It thus became possible to study whether the hyperplastic and hypertrophic ganglia of newborn rats treated with NGF also differ from controls in the specific activity of these enzymes. The results to be reported here show that NGF, besides its characteristic morphological effects, also produces a selective induction of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine ,3-hydroxylase (EC 126.96.36.199), enzymes located in adrenergic neurons (7). In contrast, the activities of Dopa decarboxylase (EC 188.8.131.52) and monoamine oxidase (EC 22.214.171.124), enzymes which are present also in other cell types (7), increase only in proportion to the rise in volume of the adrenergic neurons in the superior cervical ganglia.


In at least one embodiment, an apparatus including a controller that is electrically coupled to a plurality of transceivers within a vehicle for enabling bi-directional wireless communication via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) between the controller and an occupant communication device (OCD). The controller is further configured to: transmit an advertisement signal indicative of the vehicle being in motion from each transceiver to the OCD via BLE and to receive, at each transceiver, a scan request signal from the OCD via BLE at a first power level. The controller is further configured to determine the location of the OCD in the vehicle in response to receiving the scan request signal at each transceiver at the first power level.