Survival experiments are essential for researches in various biological fields. Survival analysis can be done using Kaplan-Meier. This test is not well known than ANOVA. It is hypothesized that ANOVA can give similar results to Kaplan-Meier. In this study, three survival experiments using different number of treatments or cases were analyzed to compare ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier. Similarities between Duncan after ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier with Mantel-Cox, Breslow, or Tarone-Ware were found. Also, percentages of survived individuals from Kaplan-Meier were similar to calculated cumulative mortality.


Sustainable growth should not only be beneficial to the shipping industry in the future, but is also an urgent need to respond to resource and environmental crises and strengthen shipping governance. Maritime traffic in Arctic waters is prone to encounter dangerous ice conditions, and it is essential to study the mechanism of ice collision risk formation in relation to ice conditions. Taking the ship-ice collision risk in Arctic waters as the research object, we propose a dynamic assessment model of ship-ice collision risk under sea ice status dynamic association (SDA) effect. By constructing the standard paradigm of risk factor dynamic association (DA) effect, taking SDA as the key association factor. Combing with other risk factors that affect ship-ice collision accidents, the coupling relationship between risk factors were analyzed. Then, using the Bayesian network method to build a ship-ice collision accident dynamic risk assessment model and combing with the ice monitoring data in summer Arctic waters, we screen five ships' position information on the trans-Arctic route in August. The risk behavior of ship-ice collision accidents on the selected route under SDA is analyzed by model simulation. The research reveal that the degree of SDA is a key related factor for the serious ice condition and the possibility of human error during ship's navigation, which significantly affects the ship-ice collision risk. The traffic in Arctic waters requires extra vigilance of the SDA effect from no ice threat to ice threat, and continuous ice threat. According to the ship-ice collision risk analysis under the SDA effect and without SDA effect, the difference in risk reasoning results on the five stations of the selected route are 32.69%, −32.33%, −27.64%, −10.26%, and −30.13% respectively. The DA effect can optimize ship-ice collision risk inference problem in Arctic waters.


This study proposes a general and unified perspective of convolutional neural networks by exploring the relationship between (deep) convolutional neural networks and finite Volterra convolutions. It provides a novel approach to explain and study the overall characteristics of neural networks without being disturbed by the complex network architectures. Concretely, we examine the basic structures of finite term Volterra convolutions and convolutional neural networks. Our results show that convolutional neural network is an approximation of the finite term Volterra convolution, whose order increases exponentially with the number of layers and kernel size increases exponentially with the strides. With this perspective, the specialized perturbations are directly obtained from the approximated kernels rather than iterative generated adversarial examples. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets show the correctness and effectiveness of our results.


Swarm decomposition (SWD) is an emerging signal decomposition method and has been applied in the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. However, the performance of SWD is highly dependent on the user-defined parameter. In this article, an adaptive swarm decomposition (ASWD) method guided by spectral characteristic information scanner (SCIS) is proposed to automatically decompose the vibration signal into a set of subcomponents. The proposed method can not only adaptively extract the weak fault-related component from the signal contaminated by strong noise but also avoid the problem of the user-defined parameter in the original SWD. First, the estimation approach of center frequencies (CFs) in the original SWD is thoroughly analyzed to explore the main factor influencing the division of frequency bands. Then, a novel adaptive SCIS motivated by the convergence tendency of variational model is established to reveal spectrum structure information of the input signal and thus detects the target CFs simultaneously without any prior knowledge. Subsequently, the proposed method incorporates the SCIS, thereby effectively implementing the adaptive division of frequency bands with no requirement of any predefined parameter. The numerical simulation and two experimental cases are used to verify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed ASWD by comparison with some prevalent signal processing methods.


THE purpose of this article is to discuss some aspects of forest management; its justification is the undoubted importance of forest-based industries to the Canadian economy, particularly Canada's foreign trade. Economists and those who administer forests are not agreed on the fundamentals of forest management. Nor have administrators agreed on the way in which forests should be utilized.' We will, however, describe only one rule for forest management formulated by those responsible for administering forests-maximum sustained yield-and compare that rule with the results of capital theory. In order to keep the analysis clear and to the point, a simplified example, based on an actual study, will be used throughout this paper. This example allows the divergent conclusions of capital theory to be illustrated and compared with the results of adopting maximum sustained yield, the rule recommended by the forester in the study from which the example is drawn. The analysis here makes no pretence at originality and provides no new rule for managing forests. But it might serve to bring divergent groups closer to mutual understanding, and set the stage for some discussion of forest management by economists in Canada. It has been suggested, particularly by Professor Keirstead and Professor Scott, that no new theory of resources is needed because existing theory is adequate. On the other hand, Dr. Lamontagne and Dr. Keenleyside have suggested that economists have been remiss because they have neglected resources.2 These conflicting views indicate a need for an appraisal of existing theory concerning the administration of resources.


ed data for Table 2-1 included information about the author(s), year, national origin of author(s), article type, purpose, and the definitions used for


The message from the West to the global South has been consistent over the last two decades. If reforms are pursued along the lines prescribed by Western governments and international financial institutions (IFIs), economic development can follow and democracy take root. This 'Washington consensus' has most certainly been subjected to considerable criticism. For instance, former World Bank chief economist and Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz (1998:2002) criticises contemporary strategies for their inability to resolve long-standing development dilemmas. Even so, the basic premise of the Washington consensus remains, despite marginal reformulations over the last decade (Adesina 2002). Developing countries must appease international and domestic capital demands, as only a market-centred approach to development can produce growth and fiscal stability (Broad and Cavanagh 1999:79–88; World Bank 2000; Chan 2002:16–17). Ignoring the advice will bring about increased economic marginalisation and hardship.


FIELD: mechanical engineering; lifts and elevators. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to lifts whose counterweight serves as plunger of moving device with liquid medium which generates and controls travel of lift. Proposed lift has lift cabin 2 moving upwards and downwards in lift well and supported by cable 4 laid to pulley 5 and changing its direction to counterweight balanced with said lift cabin 2. Pulley 5 is supported from lift well walls and is in state of free rotation. Balanced counterweight is hollow piston-counterweight 6 arranged in cylinder 7. The latter is installed vertically in lift well adjacent to lift cabin 2, hollow piston-counterweight 6 and cylinder 7 being component part of moving device with liquid medium which provides upwards travel of lift cabin. Moving device is liquid medium forms closed circuit containing pipeline for circulating liquid medium and drive pump 19 connected with valve gear. EFFECT: improved adaptability to assembling and operating of lift. 18 cl, 12 dwg


A pot culture study was carried out to evaluate the influence of phosphorus and molybdenum on the activities of ammonia assimilating enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase in completely randomized block design with four replications for each treatment. The treatment consists of the addition of two levels of phosphorus and molybdenum, both individually and in combination. The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was highly influenced by the application of higher level of phosphorus in both the root and shoot of S.rostrata. The application of molybdenum at the lower concentration was effective in improving the glutamate synthase activity in the root, whereas the higher concentration of phosphorus was effective in the shoot. The glutamine synthetase activity in the root was elevated several fold by the dual application of phosphorus and molybdenum at both the levels, whereas the individual application of phosphorus at higher level was effective in the shoot. Thus the application of phosphorus and molybdenum improved the activities of the ammonia assimilating enzymes in the green manure S.rostrata. Introduction Nitrogen, an element vital for plant growth, constitutes 78% of earth's atmosphere (Sivasankar and Bheemappa, 1996). Inspite of its abundance, it is one of the most limiting factors for crop growth and nitrogen fertilizers represent one of the major costs in crop production (Latha et al., 1997). The combined use of organic manure and green manure with chemical fertilizers is essential for sustaining soil fertility and crop production (Sarkar et al., 1996). Legumes possess the capacity to fix nitrogen in symbiotic association with Rhizobium. Azorhizobium -S. rostrata is the best known symbiotic system, which accumulates more nitrogen due to its stem nodules (Torres et al., 1995). Another advantage of stem nodulating legumes is their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the presence of combined nitrogen (Becker and George, 1995). Rhizobial growth is further associated with synthesis of various enzymes required for nitrogen fixation process (Mengel, 1994). The glutamate plays a central role in ammonia assimilation. All the amino moieties in the cell are derived either from glutamate or glutamine. The enzymes involved in glutamate/glutamine production from ammonia such as glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase (GS) are known as ammonia assimilating enzymes. Glutamate is produced by the action of the enzymes GOGAT, GDH and GS. GDH is the enzyme primarily involved in ammonium assimilation during the initial stages of growth where by NH4, is incorporated into glutamate through reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate. The GS/GOGAT pathway becomes the principle pathway of reassimilation in the aerial parts of the plant, at the latter stages of growth (Pandey and Venubabu, 1988). An attempt has been made to assess the influence of phosphorus and molybdenum on the ammonia assimilating enzymes in the root and shoot of S. rostrata. Materials and Methods The study was carried out as pot culture, following completely randomized block design with four replications for each treatment. Each of the pot used for the experiment was filled with 10kg of soil enriched with farmyard manure at the rate of 10t/ ha and applied two levels of phosphorus in the form of single super phosphate (50kg and 100kg/ha) and molybdenum in the form of sodium molybdate (5kg and 10kg/ha). Along with individual treatments of the above minerals, dual combinations have also been carried out. S.rostrata seeds, inoculated with Azorhizobium Caulinodans were sown in each pot. The plants were harvested at the end of the 30th, 45th and 60th day of growth and analyzed for the ammonia assimilating enzymes such as glutamate dehydrogenase (Doherty,1970), glutamate synthase (Van de Casteele et al., 1975) and glutamine synthetase (Atkins et al., 1984). Results and Discussion Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) Table 1 depicts the GDH activity in the root and shoot of S. rostrata of mineral treated and untreated plants. Table 1. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the Root and Shoot of S.rostrata Treatments Activity of Glutamate dehydrogenase#


Book reviewed in this article:

Mark M. Carroll, Homesteads Ungovernable: Families, Sex, Race, and the Law in Frontier Texas, 1823–1860


The utility model provides an anode plate plugin for assembling a wet-type electrostatic precipitator, and solves the problems in the prior art that an anode plate module of a wet-type electrostatic precipitator is cumbersome in manufacture and the transport efficiency is low. The anode plate plugin comprises a sheet-type plugin main body in which at least two adapting slots are formed. Before delivery of the wet-type electrostatic precipitator, the only requirement is to process all the anode plates into slabs of a certain size in a unified manner and then transport the slabs to the site, so that the transport efficiency is greatly improved. After arriving at the site, the slabs are plugged into the plugin with a certain amount of adapting slots. As modularized assembly is adopted, the manufacturing efficiency of the anode plate module is also greatly improved. The man hour, welding materials, electric energy and the like are greatly saved, and the anode plate plugin conforms to the national green sustainable development policy.


The Inflation-Control Agreement between the Government and the Bank of Canada is reviewed and renewed every five years. In this paper, I propose that the upcoming 2016 agreement increase the inflation target by 2 percentage points, from the current 2% to 4%. I first note that the room to stimulate economic activity and employment when the Bank of Canada judges that it is needed has narrowed dangerously in the past 25 years. I argue that the only fully effective means of freeing the Bank from the operational straightjacket into which it has fallen is setting the inflation target at 4% instead of 2%. I then report of evidence that the strong resistance of Canadian employers and employees to money wage cuts generates a significant permanent trade-off between inflation and unemployment at the macro level when inflation is less than 5%. Combining these two strands of observations, I conclude that moving to 4% inflation would generate about one half million more permanent jobs for Canadians and, over time, add some $50 billion per year to domestic income.


Background: Evolvability is an intrinsic feature of all living cells. However, newly emerging, evolved features can be undesirable when genetic circuits, designed and fabricated by rational, synthetic biological approaches, are installed in the cell. Streamlined-genome E. coli MDS42 is free of mutation-generating IS elements, and can serve as a host with reduced evolutionary potential. Results: We analyze an extreme case of toxic plasmid clone instability, and show that random host IS element hopping, causing inactivation of the toxic cloned sequences, followed by automatic selection of the fast-growing mutants, can prevent the maintenance of a clone developed for vaccine production. Analyzing the molecular details, we identify a hydrophobic protein as the toxic byproduct of the clone, and show that IS elements spontaneously landing in the cloned fragment relieve the cell from the stress by blocking transcription of the toxic gene. Bioinformatics analysis of sequence reads from early shotgun genome sequencing projects, where clone libraries were constructed and maintained in E. coli, suggests that such IS-mediated inactivation of ectopic genes inhibiting the growth of the E. coli cloning host might happen more frequently than generally anticipated, leading to genomic instability and selection of altered clones. Conclusions: Delayed genetic adaptation of clean-genome, IS-free MDS42 host improves maintenance of unstable genetic constructs, and is suggested to be beneficial in both laboratory and industrial settings. Background Molecular mechanisms generating genetic variation, coupled with selection due to the changing environment, provide the basis for the evolution of a population. While the ability to evolve is generally a necessity for survival on the long run, it might be an undesirable feature in synthetic biological (SB) applications [1]. The SB approach is ideally based on the notion that biological parts can be precisely designed and fabricated, and their interactions can be fully predicted [2]. Newly emerging, evolved features can result in undesired genotypic and phenotypic diversions of painstakingly engineered cells. Reducing the evolutionary potential of a cell, used as an SB chassis in a controlled environment, is therefore a valid goal. In a typical bacterial cell, IS elements generate a significant share of genetic variation. Depending on the genetic and physiological context, their contribution to gene inactivation ranges from 3.9% [3] to 98% [4]. In addition to insertional inactivation, mobile elements are also capable of enhancing deletions, inversions or duplications by providing substrates for homologous recombination [5]. Under specific conditions, inhibition or stimulation of gene expression caused by genomic relocation of IS elements can help the population to overcome nutritional stress [6,7], antibiotic inhibition [8,9] or osmotic stress [10]. Moreover, in biotechnological applications, ISmediated genomic rearrangements can cause instability of clones carrying engineered genes. Such cloning failures are by no means rare [11-17], and examples of IS-contaminated sequence artefacts obtained from shotgun sequencing projects [18-21] also indicate that the magni* Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 62 Temesvari krt, H6726 Szeged, Hungary Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2010 Umenhoffer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Umenhoffer et al. Microbial Cell Factories 2010, 9:38 http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/9/1/38 Page 2 of 12 tude of the problem is not negligible. E. coli host strains in common use in research and biotechnology (e.g., MG1655, DH10B, BL21), as well as various natural isolates carry a large number of genomic ISes [22]. MG1655, the prototype K-12 strain, carries 45 ISes of 11 different kinds [23]. In contrast, MDS42, a reduced-genome derivative of MG1655, engineered to lose most of its genes irrelevant for laboratory applications, is free of active ISes [24]. It is noted, that a copy of IS609 is still present in MDS42. However, due to mutation resulting in a stop codon in its transposase gene (ynck), it displays no transposition activity (data not shown). MDS42 also lacking IS609 has recently become available commercially from Scarab Genomics. In an earlier study [24], it was shown that a chimeric gene, constructed for vaccine development, and composed of a synthetic gene of the structural capsid protein VP60 of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus [25] fused to the gene of the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTX) was very unstable in conventional E. coli hosts. All recovered plasmids contained mutations in the ctxvp60 ORF, virtually all of which were IS insertions. In contrast, the recombinant plasmid was stable in IS-less MDS42 host; normal yields of plasmid DNA were obtained. We analyse here the molecular details of this extreme case of instability. We identify a hydrophobic protein as the toxic byproduct of the ctxvp60 clone, and show that IS elements spontaneously landing in the clone relieve the cell from the stress by blocking transcription of the toxic gene. Bioinformatic analysis of raw data from various shotgun sequencing projects, where E. coli served as host for clone libraries, demonstrates that such IS-mediated inactivation of ectopic genes inhibiting the growth of the E. coli host cannot be regarded as irrelevant and rare events, but might happen in many cases, leading to genomic instability and selection of altered clones. We show here that removal of all IS elements from the genome of a bacterial cell results in a significant increase in genomic stability and phenotypic uniformity, yielding an improved cellular chassis with reduced evolutionary potential.


The 'subcutaneous glucose monitoring system' (SCGM) is based on microdialysis and allows continuous glucose monitoring in abdominal adipose tissue of diabetic patients up to 5 days. In the current in vivo study we compared the SCGM system with a commercially available needle type glucose sensor during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and during physical exercise. The SCGM had a good in vivo performance that was comparable to the needle type sensor. The inherent safe measuring technology of microdialysis and sensor stability of the SCGM makes it a likely candidate for online glucose measurement in diabetic patients. However, the overall system configuration is too bulky to wear comfortably and the measured values have a time lag of 35 min. The SCGM system will be the base for the future development of a miniaturized integrated microdialysis sensor system using lab-on-a-chip technology.


Numerous textbooks tell us that plant starches are a mix of two starch types: amylopectin and amylose. We recently succeeded in engineering a cereal crop – a barley line – producing grain starch consisting of more than 99% amylose1. This amylose-only starch contains a high residual fraction that is resistant to enzymatic degradation, even when gelatinized by cooking. The barley plants producing the grains had a moderate yield loss of 25% in comparison with other barley plants of the same cultivar. We believe that the method can be applied to produce amylose-only starch in other cereal crops including wheat and corn.


The 21st century characterized by information revolution has been responsible for what is today known as globalization which has to do with global interaction between humans on issues of common interest irrespective of space or time, the emergence of these slogan Countless number of information is produced almost every second, in countless formats; just as different technologies are invented or upgraded which facilitate easy and fastest access to this information, leaving information consumers with a multiple source and types of information to choose from. It is in the light of this that, this paper examines the challenges of the 21st century to the teacher education institutions which are expected to train teachers that will in turn, train others preparing them for the places of work in the information age. It is recommended in this paper that, a paradigm shift is necessary from the traditional "use of libraries course" that is taught in educational institutions to Information Literacy which by its concept and content, is more encompassing and will be able to prepare the students better for lifelong learning. An outline course was recommended in this paper for examination by experts and possible review and implementation in tertiary institutions especially teacher education institutions for the effective teaching of information literacy skills in teacher education institutions in Nigeria in line with the Association of College Research Libraries-ACRL's guideline DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n12p75


The central idea behind this paper is to ponder on the fact that how is Internet Marketing is being widely used as a tool in the Automotive sector in India for imparting mass scale knowledge of their products and for large scale promotions. These days Automotive companies face survival challenges in the market, specially India with quite a large number of potential buyers. Thus Internet Marketing comes handy when it comes to selling of brand ideas and concepts. The paper deals with statistical study enlisting information about vigorous promotional activities on social media by different Automobile manufacturers. It focuses on how three different automobile companies with different origins practice Internet Marketing for sales and promotions of their product. It shows the comparison between German manufacturer Volkswagen, South Korean manufacturer Hyundai and French manufacturer Renault. The main reason for choosing these companies is because of all the three having different origins. So to learn how the three different originating companies practice Internet Marketing in India, the German, French and South Korean Manufacturers were chosen. Moreover these three companies are quite popular in India as a large volume of their vehicles can be seen on the roads. These companies product are in a good demand too. Hence it was a good selection to find how three different nation based companies use social media sites like Facebook, Twitter and Google+ and the data was collected first week of January 2014 to the end of second week of February 2014.


I. READING AND WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE 1. Literature and the Reader. 2. The Process of Critical Reading. 3. Writing Essays About Literature. 4. Structure. 5. Character. 6. Point of View. 7. The Language of Style. 8. The Language of Tone. 9. The Extension of Meaning: Symbol. 10. The Extension of Meaning: Theme. 11. Reading the Critics and Documenting Research. II. A COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES, POEMS, AND PLAYS.


Let $\mathscr O$ be a set of $n$ disjoint obstacles in $\mathbb{R}^2$, $\mathscr M$ be a moving object. Let $s$ and $l$ denote the starting point and maximum path length of the moving object $\mathscr M$, respectively. Given a point $p$ in ${R}^2$, we say the point $p$ is achievable for $\mathscr M$ such that $\pi(s,p)\leq l$, where $\pi(\cdot)$ denotes the shortest path length in the presence of obstacles. One is to find a region $\mathscr R$ such that, for any point $p\in \mathbb{R}^2$, if it is achievable for $\mathscr M$, then $p\in \mathscr R$; otherwise, $p\notin \mathscr R$. In this paper, we restrict our attention to the case of line-segment obstacles. To tackle this problem, we develop three algorithms. We first present a simpler-version algorithm for the sake of intuition. Its basic idea is to reduce our problem to computing the union of a set of circular visibility regions (CVRs). This algorithm takes $O(n^3)$ time. By analysing its dominant steps, we break through its bottleneck by using the short path map (SPM) technique to obtain those circles (unavailable beforehand), yielding an $O(n^2\log n)$ algorithm. Owing to the finding above, the third algorithm also uses the SPM technique. It however, does not continue to construct the CVRs. Instead, it directly traverses each region of the SPM to trace the boundaries, the final algorithm obtains $O(n\log n)$ complexity.


Many radio-navigation systems dating from the seventies and eighties of the last century were replaced by a single Global Positioning System (GPS) a dozen or so years ago. However, for several years the opinion that the GPS monopoly is becoming dangerous has been expressed increasingly often in navigational literature. Even when supplemented with other systems from this group, such as Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS), it cannot be treated as the source of reliable and universally accessible navigational information. This results from the similar sensibility of all GNSS systems to the same disturbances as a consequence of using a similar band of radiofrequencies and a similarly low powered signal. There is a growing recognition in the maritime world that GNSS will not provide the resilience required because of these common vulnerabilities. The World Wide Radio Navigation System should be seen as a combination of systems, which can cooperate and work effectively even when GNSS does not work. Lately different authors commonly point-out the potential advantages of a modified Loran (e-Loran), however it still remains only a potential option – particularly in the southern hemisphere, where this system has never existed. Meanwhile as the general threat of the disturbance of GNSS systems increases, the matter of initiating alternative possibilities becomes more urgent. A proposal which combines lower financial outlays with adjustments to the existing techniques and the law in force is desirable. In this context radar seems to be the attractive option, however for utilization as an alternative to GNSS it should reach considerably higher technical performances. In the paper the general limitations in the use of existing radar as a means of ships' positioning are presented, and information published about the investigation into the methods for overcoming these limitations is discussed. The accessible information appears to prove that a greater accuracy of position can be achieved with modified radar in the future, especially if the suitable navigational infrastructure is present on shore. However, the level of accuracy of this method does not seem to compare favorably with GNSS.


Abstract An efficient and simple resolution methodology for the preparation of (S)- and (R)-Vigabatrin has been developed. In addition, a method of preparation for the novel compounds Vigabatrin-l-tartarate and Vigabatrin-d-tartarate is also described. The title compounds have been synthesized via resolution of Vigabatrin using commercially available l-(+)- and d-(−)-tartaric acids respectively. Graphical Abstract


65 Editor's note: This is the second in a series of articles on the great challenges facing the oil and gas industry as outlined by the SPE R&D Committee. The R&D challenges comprise broad upstream business needs: increasing recovery factors, in-situ molecular manipulation, carbon capture and sequestration, produced water management, higher resolution subsurface imaging of hydrocarbons, and the environment. The articles in this series are examining each of these challenges in depth.


The history of language is a testimony of the history of national culture, language contains the connotation of national culture. Money Idiom is a living fossil for us to explore the views of money of human beings. This paper analyzes the views of money which lurk in Chinese idiom from two aspects: the cognition of money's effect and the attitude on money.


Machine translation (MT) draws more heavily on lexical resources than most other NLP applications. First, grammars of both source and target languages require lexicons, Second, some sort of mapping between lexicons is required in order to transfer information from a source to a target language. The MT system described here is based on Shake-and-Bake technology and uses lexical transfer as the interface between language pairs, necessitating a third lexicon for each language pair. Consequently, efficient reuse of existing lexical resources can reduce development cost and time. We describe methods of reuse from three perspectives: adapting NLP resources to a new application, adapting electronic reference resources to an NLP application and designing NLP resources for reuse in related but novel domains. The effort required to adapt a lexicon to a new application is found to be a function of both the amount of information available from the lexicon and its role in the new application. When system design isolates a module from its function, integration of a new lexicon can be virtually automatic. When the module is application dependent - as is the case with bilingual lexicons - integration is semi-automatic with a obligatory post-editing phase.


The present invention provides a method for producing curved spring member spring steel strip (14), the feed unit (16), the supply roll (12) to the spring steel strip (14), at least 3 one of the bending roller (34) and one unbending feed to roller made of (36) bending unit (32), at least one bending roller (34) and bending back roller (36) is bending motor (60, 62 by), it is adjusted transversely to the spring steel strip (14), bending unit (32) Yes connected cutting unit (44), the cutting unit the cutting tool is a spring steel strip (14) (46, 48; 76, 78) regarding of the type adapted to cut into individual spring member by. Based on the present invention, the cutting tool (46, 48; 76, 78) is longitudinally Yes to allow travel by numerical control, and a spring steel strip during the cutting process of the spring steel strip (14) (14) It is synchronized with the feed movement.


Abundance determinations for HR 4533 and HR 4657 F type main sequence stars, using high dispersion spectras and atmospheric models


Phosphogypsum (PG) is the byproduct of the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers from Phosphoric rocks by acid digestion with sulfuric acid at high temperature. The most widely used process, the dehydrate, generates among 5 tons of PG for every ton of phosphoric acid produced. Even though reclaim of this waste has been widely studied, most of the PG produced worldwide is still stockpiled. As a substitute of natural gypsum, PG has been recycled in building materials in the composition of cement and concrete, to produce plaster and plasterboards or as a road base material. Or it has been used in agriculture as fertilizer, thanks to its high content of S, Ca and P. Nevertheless, the presence of phosphate, fluorine, metals and radioactive elements imposes some limits to its reuse. Knowledge of geochemical characterization and investigation of his evolution in time could contribute to the choice of management strategy and evaluation of reclaim suitability of a stacked PG. This study focused on the geochemical characterization of a gypstack including mineralogical characterization, leaching test and geochemical modeling of four core samples. Mineralogical characterization and total content showed a homogeneous waste, and gypsum was the only phase that could be identified. Beside this mineralogical similarity, residual acidity varies considerably, clearly showing an evolution of the PG with depth. The existence of a trend with depth was confirmed by leaching tests. Leachates of deeper samples showed a higher concentration in major anions (F-, PO42-, Cl-, SO42-) and in most of the analyzed cations (Fe, Cr, Cu, Na, Si, Zn). Results pointed out that the solubility did not strictly depend on total content. The pH, and the dissolution/precipitation of minor phases are the causes of the solubility differences with depth. Investigations on elements solubility as a function of pH provided evidences on the effect of neutralization on metals, fluorine and phosphates availability and allowed determining base consumption for the three samples. Results of influence of the pH on the leaching behavior tests, associated with mineralogical characterization and total content analysis were used to formulate hypothesis on phases defining PG leaching behavior. Modeling batch leaching tests corroborated the identification of minor phases controlling solubilization. In conclusion, this approach is a valuable base to evaluate management options.


The standard apparatus now in use for automatic loading of wet coal bunkers is not sufficiently reliable in operation, is cumbersome and considerable area is required for its installation. In 1972-1973 at the Irkutsk Thermal Power Plant No. 6 an automatic system for loading wet coal was developed and introduced using semiconductor components. Long-term operational experience has shown that this system is highly reliable and requires virtually no maintenance. In 1978-1979 the automatic system for wet coal loading was modernized using discrete components, mostly germanium transistors which have a low saturation voltage and high amplification factors for powerful transistors, which during operation under critical conditions diminishes the power dissipated on the collector and simplifies the circuit.


Anxiety is a public phenomenon that constitutes a public source of inadequate performance globally and plays a significant role in their lives. Engineering students and academics have been through immense changes in education because of the effect of the COVID-19 crisis. It is well-known that epidemics' occurrence creates or accentuates new stressors, including panic and fears for loved ones or oneself, constraints on social activities and physical movement due to quarantine, and unforeseen and radical change of lifestyle. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown policy on engineering students' anxiety in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. The study confirmed that the students had an increase in the anxiety level, in which the female student had a higher level of anxiety than the male students. The highest contributing factors to the anxiety include "worries about academic delays/extension of the academic calendar," "worries about a delay in life plans as a result of the suspension of school," and "worries about running out of supplies." The main areas that anxiety impacted the lives of the students include "a decline in book reading /studies/academics," "finding it hard to focus," "being unable to hang out with friends," and "difficulties in falling asleep." Finally, the students managed the level of anxiety mainly by "the use of internet/social media/chatting," "prayer/self-motivation/meditation/reflection," and "watching movies/TV/music."


The utility model particularly relates to a moveable forensic photography platform, which comprises a chassis, wherein universal wheels are arranged at the lower end of the chassis; a lifting bracket is arranged at the upper part of the chassis; a second-order platform is arranged on the lifting bracket, rails are arranged at the periphery of the second-order platform, a rest seat is arranged in the middle of the rails, and a control panel and a universal arm are arranged at the upper part of the rails; and the moveable forensic photography platform can be freely moved and electrically lifted, and also brings convenience for photographic staff to have a temporary rest, thereby improving the working efficiency and guaranteeing the quality of evidence obtaining.


This research aims to determine the influence of solvency, growth of the company, and profit management on the going concern audit opinions. The study used the analysis of the confirmatory factor to test the correlation between variables and logistical regression analyses to test the hypothesis. The selected sample in this study is a service company with the transportation sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2018 with purposive sampling technique. The results of this study show that (1) solvency affects the going concern audit opinion, (2) The company growth does not affect the going concern audit opinion, (3) Earnings management does not affect the going concern audit opinion.


The analysis and design of the main structural elements in a four storey reinforced concrete building was undertaken using the two codes EC2 and BS8110 with the aid of the Prokon 32 suite of programmes. In respect of the main beams, the emphasis was on examining the bending moment diagrams for the critical continuous beam span for both codes before moment redistribution and after 10%, 20% and 30% redistribution in that order. It was found that for the negative bending moments at internal supports using the BS8110 values as baseline, the EC2 moments exceeded the BS8110 values by 0 to 8.5% at all levels of moment redistribution. However for the case of maximum span moments, the EC2 values lagged behind the BS8110 moments by about 4.5% to 9% for moment distributions up to 20%. At 30% distribution a lag of about 14.3% occurred in a specific case although this was felt to be an isolated example. An examination of the upper limit of the shear force envelopes at supports revealed that the BS8110 shears exceeded the EC2 ones by a margin of 2.4% to 5.4% in general. For the lower limit of the shear force envelopes the same trend was observed although the magnitude of BS8110's dominance was generally less than 2.5%. Such differences in shear were not necessarily consistent over all the supports however, and it was concluded that undue reliance should not be placed on the trend in shear variations with respect to both codes.


Existence is proved for dissipative subcritical 2D quasi-geostrophic flows with a specific pointwise behavior in space-time. First we treat flows with small initial data, employing only elementary estimates for convolution integrals. Our results extend those proved in [7] and [12] for 2D Navier–Stokes flows. We then prove the specific space-time behavior mentioned above is also interpreted in a framework of Lp-like function spaces with 2/3 ≤ p ≤ ∞.


This study examines siblings' interactions revolving around toys during free play. Observing the naturally occurring interaction between siblings, this study explores the ways in which older siblings attempt to establish differentiated status with younger siblings by assigning and displaying unequal valuations to contested objects in ways that highlight the different affordances of the object available for interaction between them. Often characterized by caretakers as instances 'being mean', for the child, what may be at issue in such interactions is that there is a local, endogenous 'order' that needs to be achieved and maintained by both by oneself and by other participants regarding one's status as a sanctioned participant in play. Investigating such particular interactions between elder siblings and younger siblings at the pre-verbal or very early stages of language use, this study uses multimodal analysis reveals how such children organize the emerging interaction sequence to construct their social order, utilizing both the sequential organization of talk as well as the public manipulation of material resources.


Theoretical study to determine the factors that influence emergencies natural disasters caused by fire in the environment. An improved classification of forest fire risks and identified key priorities for further research to develop a methodology for assessing of forest fire risks


Litz wire is frequently used for reducing high frequency losses in modern power electronic systems. However, due to its complex twisting procedure, the 3D geometry and the important parameters of LW such as radius and DC resistance are difficult to obtain. Therefore, the radius and DC resistance of LWs are usually measured, which is not helpful in the magnetic and converter design. To eliminate the barrier caused by the complex twisting structure of LW, this paper provides an analytical model that not only mathematically describes the 3D geometry but also calculates the radius and the DC resistance of an arbitrary LW with less than 4% error proved by experiments. With the proposed model, a more flexible and accurate design and optimization for magnetics and converters can be achieved.


The theme of this article started from the unrest and the curiosity of the author, on hearing the speech of patients in the hospital. Gradually this concern outlined that it was not any one speech, but that it was the presence of spirituality and religion in that both produced by patients, as the institution of public health in which the author was. Through a historical and psychoanalytic reflection on the production of human speech there was a discussion about the 1 Artigo Apresentado como conclusao do curso de Especializacao em Psicologia Hospitalar da Saude, pela Uniao Educacional de Minas Gerais – UNIMINAS Atual Pitagoras, Uberlândia-MG. Psicologa Clinica. 2 Psicologa graduada pela UFU (Universidade Federal de Uberlândia). Pos-graduada em Psicologia da Saude e Hospitalar pela Uniao Educacional de Minas Gerais – UNIMINAS, atual Pitagoras; Psicologa Clinica. 3 Especialista em Clinica Psicanalitica pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Mestre em Psicologia Aplicada pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Docente do Curso de Psicologia do Centro Universitario de Patos de Minas – UNIPAM. Membro do Grupo Vortice: Estudos Psicanaliticos da Teoria dos Campos em Uberlândia; Psicologa Clinica; orientadora do artigo.


The optical potential for the center of mass of two fragments in a three-body breakup channel does not resemble elastic optical potentials obtained in two-body channels. As a consequence the value of prior-form distorted wave Born approximation breakup theories based on center-of-mass optical potentials is questionable.


Existing research provides statistical results on the sum of single-variate Fox-H functions to analyze the performance of diversity receivers and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) based wireless systems. There is a research gap in exact performance analysis when more than a single-variate Fox-H function represents the statistical characterization of wireless systems. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to obtain the distribution of the sum of independent and non-identically distributed (i.ni.d) random variables characterized by the multivariate Fox-H function. Further, we develop a general framework for an exact analysis of the ergodic capacity when the multivariate Fox-H function characterizes the statistics of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We apply the derived results to conduct an exact performance analysis of outage probability and ergodic capacity, taking an example of RIS-assisted communication over Rician fading channels with phase errors. We conduct computer simulations to validate the exact analysis and demonstrate performance of the RIS-assisted system under various practically relevant scenarios for a better performance assessment.


The multi-criteria optimization algorithms for multi-element airfoil in aerodynamics using Genetic Algorithms(GAs) and Game Theory(Nash Equilibrium and Stackelberg Equilibrium) is presented in this paper.GAs could get the global optimal solution by selecting appropriately the genetic operators.The introduction of Game Theory in GAs makes it capable to treat multi-criteria problems without artificial parameters and closer to real airfoil design in engineering.The optimization of lift for a multi-element airfoil with mobile slat and flap under different given flow conditions is successfully realized by combining respectively GAs and Nash/Stackelberg strategy.Numerical results obtained are presented and compared.


In this work, two steps transeterification of neem seed oil was done using sulfated zirconia and ZnO catalysts with the aim of optimizing the process variables for higher yields. Sulfated zirconia catalyst was prepared by solvent-free method and ZnO by sol-gel method. Response surface methodology based on Box-behnken design was used to design the experiment and model factors yield relationship. Neem seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extractor apparatus and n-hexan as solvent. The results obtained showed oil yield of 40.64 ± 1.01 %. The empirical model obtained showed that reaction time and methanol were the most important variables that influenced biodiesel yield. The optimal process conditions were 60 oC, 98 minutes, 9:1 and 0.5 %, reaction temperature, reaction time, methanol to oil ratio and catalyst concentration are respectively. GC/MS showed that ester compounds were dominant over non-ester compounds. The fuel parameters were determined according to ASTM methods which were in conformity with ASTM D6751 requirements.


A detailed comparison of alumina and chemically bonded silica-R(NH/sub 2/)/sub 2/ and (2,4-dinitroanilinopropyl)silica (DNAP-silica) for the compound-class (ring-numbered) high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of aromatic hydrocarbons was made with 86 model compounds either expected or known to be present in petroleums, coal liquids, or shale oils. Model compounds ranged from one-ring aromatic hydrocarbons to highly condensed polyaromatic hydrocarbons containing six aromatic rings. The importance of substituent and structure effects on separations was determined by varying the degree of alkyl and naphthenic substitution on the basic ring structures. Determination of the best system was based upon the relative retention strengths, grouping tendencies, and the observed structure and substituent effects. The silica-DNAP and alumina were determined to be more sensitive to molecular structure but less sensitive to substituent effects than the silica-R(NH/sub 2/)/sub 2/. The retention characteristics of all three systems are strongly dependent upon steric effects. On the basis of retention strengths and grouping tendencies, the DNAP-silica is considered superior to alumina and silica-R(NH/sub 2/)/sub 2/.


Purpose A larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common forms of cancer and may exhibit various complex karyotypes. Materials and Methods We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to analyze DNA gains and losses in 15 squamous cell carcinomas that consisted of 4 glottic, 10 supraglottic, and 1 transglottic localization samples. Results The majority of the chromosomal alterations detected were gains: 3 samples of LSCCs revealed high level amplification, while 6 samples displayed gains in various chromosomal regions (17p, 3p, 4p, 5p, 6q, 8p, 9p, 14q, 18p and Xq). One sample was found to have losses (chromosomes 15q and 22q) and 5 had normal CGH profiles. Conclusion Many of these gained regions (4p, 5p, 8p, 10q, 18q and Xq) were novel sites, which may harbor oncogene(s) that potentially play an important role in squamous cell tumorigenesis and progression at supraglottic localizations.


To improve the precision of tamper location and the capability of resisting against JPEG compression, this paper presented a new image dual-watermarking scheme for both tamper detection and tampered image recovery. The basic principle of this scheme was to let the original image be performed by the 1-level discrete wavelet transformation. Then the authentication watermarking and self-recovery watermarking were respectively embedded into high-frequency and low-frequency component of original image. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme not only can detect and locate temper accurately, but also is robust to resist against JPEG compression.


Search and development of innovation within increasing complex fields of activity requires more and more efficient and economical optimization strategies. The evolutionary systemoptimization containing MESKEE-search algorithm and economical time-cost-modul is herein preferable to do material-, product- and process innovation. In particular with multiple optimization parameters and multiple functions of aim, evolutionary systemoptimization is able to show its strategical and economical advantage.


Objective: An objective,quantitative and sensitive method to map the retinal thickness at the posterior pole is needed to diagnose more effectively the diseases causing alterations in thickness.We studied the normal thickness at the posterior pole.Methods: A new instrument,the retinal thickness analyzer(RTA) was capable of covering the central 20°of the fundus and generating a detailed map of the retinal thickness.The measurements were performed in 61 normal subjects;the data were analyzed with SAS software package.Result: The thickness maps of normal subjects expressed a horseshoe shape with symmetry between above and below the fovea which matched the posterior pole anatomy,and the macular nasal retina is 10.45% thicker than its temporal side.The mean retinal thickness of posterior pole was(177.95±26.19)μm in normal subjects man,(177.22±20.57) μm;woman,(178.67±19.61) μm.No significant difference was obtained in age and gender in the retinal thickness of posterior pole either in each of the 9 detecting point of posterior pole(P0.05).Conclusion:Rapid scanning thickness analysis with the RTA provides a detailed map of the retinal thickness.The method may provide a sensitive detection of pathologic thickening or thinning of the retina and prove valuable in detecting retinal thickness alteration in ocular diseases.


The invention discloses a compound multifunctional rubber processing peptizer and a preparation method thereof. The compound multifunctional rubber processing peptizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: C8-C22 fatty acid, indirect method zinc oxide, an anti-oxidant, a metal bonding enhancing agent and metalloporphyrin. The preparation method for the compound multifunctional rubber processing peptizer particularly comprises the following steps: taking the raw materials, adding fatty acid, the metal bonding enhancing agent, metalloporphyrin and the anti-oxidant, adding indirect method zinc oxide, performing vacuum pumping, pelleting, packaging and testing for storage. Through the adoption of the compound multifunctional rubber processing peptizer taking activated fatty acid zinc soap as a carrier, the mooney viscosity of raw rubber can be quickly reduced during the plastication through an open mill or an internal mixer, so that the plastication efficiency is improved, energy consumption of equipment is reduced, and the excellent peptizing effect is realized; in addition, the compound multifunctional rubber processing peptizer has the functions of improving the mobility of a sizing material, accelerating the mixing of blended rubber, activating the vulcanized size material, resisting to reversion and abrasion, and preventing SBR ring structuring.


The utility model belongs to an isolation earth switch of a gas insulation metal closed composite apparatus and relates to a three-position switch. The three-position switch comprises an earth switch arranged in a shell, an isolation switch and a transmission device, wherein the earth switch is fixed on the left side of the shell, the isolation switch is arranged in the middle of the shell through an isolation switch support part, and a contact used for switching on a circuit is arranged on the right side of the shell; a horizontal conductive rod capable of moving from left to right is arranged in the isolation switch, the left end of the conductive rod corresponds to the contact of the earth switch, and the right end of the conductive rod corresponds to the contact used for switching on the circuit; the transmission device comprises a rack, a gear and a rotating shaft capable of driving the gear, the rack for driving the conductive rod is fixed on the conductive rod, and the gear matched with the rack is arranged on the lower end of the rotating shaft. The three-position switch, provided by the utility model, has the advantages that the three-position switch is driven by one operating mechanism, so that three work conditions of connection, isolation and grounding are realized. The structure is compact and simple, the performance is reliable, the product standardization degree is improved, the number of mechanisms is reduced, and the product cost is reduced.


Objective To analyze the characteristics of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) and to explore the values of DTI in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Forty-five patients with acute cerebral infarction were classified in three groups according to the course: hyperacute group(12 h,n=7),acute group(12-24 h,n=18),and subacute group(1-7 d,n=20).Conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and diffusion weighed imaging(DWI),DTI were performed by the Siemens Tim-avanto 1.5 T using a standard.The values of fractional anisotropy(FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) were measured in the infarcted regions,corresponding contralateral regions,and in the infarcted cores and peripheral parts.Results FA values of infarcted core and surround area were 0.318±0.057 vs 0.398±0.055(P0.01) in acute period and 0.305±0.035 vs 0.309±0.029(P0.01) in subacute period;ADC values of infarcted core and surrounding area were(0.291±0.051)×10-3mm2/s vs(0.390±0.050)×10-3mm2/s(P0.01) in hyperacute period and(0.379±0.018)×10-3mm2/s vs(0.479±0.016)×10-3mm2/s(P0.01) in acute period.With the course progressing,FA decreased gradually,FA values of infarcted side and contralateral side were 0.342±0.050 vs 0.461±0.079(P0.01) in acute period and 0.305±0.029 vs 0.480±0.059(P0.01) in subacute period;ADC of infarcted side declined first and then increased,ADC values of infarcted side and contralateral side were(0.344±0.023)×10-3mm2/s vs(0.663±0.033)×10-3mm2/s(P0.01) in hyperacute period and(0.432±0.018)×10-3mm2/s vs(0.678±0.026)×10-3mm2/s(P0.01) in acute period.Conclusion The combination of FA and ADC may assist clinical stage and evaluate the existence of ischemic penumbra more accurately after acute stroke.


Currently, recycling or degradation treatments for tires are an enormous challenge. Despite efforts to dispose of or recycle it, rubber waste is increasing year by year worldwide. To create a rubber-recycling system, several researchers have proposed tire desulfurization. In this study, we compare two methods: one biological, using Acidobacillus ferroxidans in shake 250 mL flask experiments, and one chemical using, for the first time, microwaves and an aqueous solution. The results of these methods were analyzed through sulfate quantification, cross-linking differences, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). We observed that the amount of sulfates generated by the chemical system was 56 mg / L, which was 10-times higher than the biological system, which generated 5.3 mg / L. Similarly, after cross-linking studies, a 36% higher decrease after the chemical treatment was observed. When using FTIR analysis, the disappearance of characteristic bands corresponding to functional groups containing sulfur bonds was observed by treating the sample with both desulfurization mechanisms. Morphological changes on the rubber surface structure was also demonstrated by SEM-EDS analysis with the appearance of holes, cracks and changes in the porosity of the material. This work analyzed two different non-aggressive desulfurization mechanisms that might be used as sustainable methods for rubber recycling processes.


This paper, using the method of gray neural network model (GNNM), studies the effect to dielectric performance and voltage-sensitive performance of doped SrTiO_3 multifunction ceramic, which are in the course of oxidation heat-treating and under certain conditions. According to the effect brought by the main action factors of various parameters, we adopt three models, which are GNNM(1,1), GNNM(1,2) and GNNM(1,3), to analyze the problem. Moreover, we put forward a new corresponding gray neural network model GNNM(2,1).


For the past eight years, I have taught a course on health insurance to master of public health students. During that time, the continual frustration of students (and the instructor) has been that there was no textbook available for the course. Students at this level are not accustomed to reading articles from the research literature, so assigning journal articles is of limited value. Therefore, it is quite difficult to compile and organize appropriate readings for this audience. It was with great interest then that I received Health Administration Press' release of Health Insurance by Michael A. Morrisey. Not only is the textbook vacuum now filled, but also the author is a well-known researcher on the subject. The book's preface states that it was ''designed for master's students in health administration and health policy programs.'' In this review, I discuss the merits of the book in teaching these particular audiences. Health Insurance is organized around both the historical development of private health insurance in the United States, and the economic analysis of the demand for insurance and the market failures of adverse selection and moral hazard. The economic focus of the book will make previous exposure to introductory economics a practical necessity for students, even though it may not be a formal requirement in some programs. The book is also somewhat unique in that it directly ties the material to results from the empirical research literature in economics and health policy, which also makes familiarity with regression analysis helpful for student comprehension. The range of topics centers around the development of public policy and health plan design features to deal with extending coverage and limiting cost growth. For that reason, the book is probably better suited for students in policy-oriented programs than it is for students in health care administration programs, who may be more interested in health plan operations. Given the book's disciplinary and topic focus then, how well does it accomplish communicating this information to the reader? The historical introduction takes the reader to the genesis of health insurance in the United States during the Progressive movement, and carries through to the present day. The main implication is that very little is new about the health insurance issues that we deal with today. Debates about what should be covered, and especially how providers should be compensated for these services, have been around since Babe Ruth was in pinstripes. The subsequent chapters on the demand for insurance, adverse selection, and moral hazard contain economic presentations similar to those found in numerous health economics textbooks, but they are well supplemented with a summary of evidence from the research literature. Particular highlights are the chapter on risk adjustment, which describes the development of Medicare's adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC) measures, and the chapter on utilization management, which summarizes the consensus from the literature that gatekeeper requirements have done little to reduce use of specialty care. Where the book really hits its stride, however, is with its section on managed care and selective contracting. The weight of the evidence presented here shows the impact that the introduction of price competition among providers can have on health care spending. There is also an extensive section on the employer-sponsored health insurance system,


This title is revised by JN Eliot. It is a revision of this major work on the Malay lepidoptera. Produced in three parts, the first part covers butterfly life history, nomenclature and classification. Part two is a discussion of all species in six families, whilst the final part is a checklist of butterflies of the Malay Peninsula, plus bibliography and index.


The invention provides a construction method of a large steel buoyant box on a soft soil foundation, comprising the following steps: 1) the construction of external lock head underwater foundation pile and foundation bed is finished; 2) the steel buoyant box is hauled to a construction site by a tug boat and treated with weight balancing and leveling; 3) the steel buoyant box is injected with water for sinking so as to carry out the bedding of the steel buoyant box; and 4) slip casting fixing is carried out to the foundation bed below the bottom surface of the steel buoyant box; half the number of the precise measurement of the bulb pile top elevations are selected for providing reliable data for the making and installation of concrete cushion blocks; each cushion block is correspondingly installed so as to ensure that the elevation is in the same plane, and the repeated measurement error of the top elevation after the installation of the cushion block is less than 2.5m, thus meeting the requirement that the inclination of the steel buoyant box is less than 1/500; the steel buoyant box plane position control adopts a rigid pier as locating guidance, spatial location is realized by a GPS positioning system, and the moving track of the steel buoyant box is tracked in real time, thus being convenient for adjusting the spatial posture of the steel buoyant box and controlling the position of the steel buoyant box from the three-dimensional direction; therefore, the smooth positioning and accurate bedding of the steel buoyant box can be guaranteed and the aim of the invention is realized.


Migraine and epilepsy are highly comorbid, but the nature of their association remains unclear. Exceptionally, reversible brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities following migraine and seizures have been reported. There are no descriptions, however, of patients with recurrent brain MRI changes.


*Corresponding author: Piazza Francesco, University of Orléans, Chéteau de la Source, Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), CNRS-UPR 4301, Rue C. Sadron, Orléans 45071, France, E-mail: email@example.com Received: 20 Sep 2021 Accepted: 30 Sep 2021 Published: 05 Oct 2021 Copyright: ©2021 Piazza F, This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.


Stream temperatures are key indicators for aquatic ecosystem health, and are of particular concern in highly seasonal, water‐limited regions such as California that provide sensitive habitat for cold‐water species. Yet in many of these critical regions, the combined impacts of a warmer climate and urbanization on stream temperatures have not been systematically studied. We examined recent changes in air temperature and precipitation, including during the recent extreme drought, and compared the stream temperature responses of urban and nonurban streams under four climatic conditions and the 2008–2018 period. Metrics included changes in the magnitude and timing of stream temperatures, and the frequency of exceedance of ecologically relevant thresholds. Our results showed that minimum and average daily air temperatures in the region have increased by >1°C over the past 20 years, warming both urban and nonurban streams. Stream temperatures under drought warmed most (1°C–2°C) in late spring and early fall, effectively lengthening the summer warm season. The frequency of occurrence of periods of elevated stream temperatures was greater during warm climate conditions for both urban and nonurban streams, but urban streams experienced extreme conditions 1.5–2 times as often as nonurban streams. Our findings underscore that systematically monitoring and managing urban stream temperatures under climate change and drought is critically needed for seasonal, water‐limited urban systems.


The physiologic role of fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) has not been well established. Recently Kurahashi et al1 suggested the involvement of FLCs in neurotransmission by Ca2+-activated K+ (SK3) channels. They demonstrated that a network of more extensively branching cells with platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) existed between the circular and longitudinal muscles in the plane of the myenteric plexus. FLCs (PDGFRα+) were located in the same anatomical spaces and distributed in similar density as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), but PDGFRα+ cells were distinct from c-Kit+ ICC, as shown by double labeling. Other double labeling experiments with anti-SK3 antibody revealed that PDGFRα+ cells in both muscle layers and the region of the myenteric plexus expressed SK3. Some other experiments showed that PDGFRα+ cells labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) produced robust expression of P2ry1 (P2Y1 receptors) and Kcnn3 (SK3 channels).

Whole-cell patch clamp results suggested that PDGFRα+ cells express a high density of apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channels, which is consistent with the expression of SK3 channels: small amplitude and time-dependent outward currents without voltage-dependent inward currents in step depolarization, and significant reduction of this currents by apamin 300 nM and charybdotoxin (block both BK and IK conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels) caused a small but significant reduction in outward currents. Single channel patch recording (excised inside-out patch) to change Ca2+ at the intracellular surface produced the results consistent with previous reported data of Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Pharmacological data using purines (ATP, β-NAD and ADP) evoked significant outward currents in PDGFRα+ cells. Apamin and MRS2500 (P2Y1 antagonist) attenuated current amplitudes.

The authors concluded that PDGFRα+ cells are a novel class of excitable cells with large current densities attributable to SK channels that are the molecular and ionic apparatus to mediate enteric inhibitory responses to purines in gastrointestinal (GI) muscles.


The effects of post-deposition annealing on the microstructure of tantalum oxide ( Ta2O5) deposited on Si are evaluated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With the peak decomposition technique and the angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) method we found that there is SiO2 layer and Ta suboxide at the interface. By using a simple two-layer model, the thickness of both the Ta2O5 layer and the interfacial SiO2 layer could be evaluated. Investigating Ta2O5 films this way before and after annealing revealed that annealing has the following effects on the interfacial reaction. With post-deposition annealing under O2, Ar, or N2 gas, the Si substrate is oxidized by oxygen from the Ta2O5 layer. The Ta2O5 is partly reduced and N2 gas activates this reaction. The thickness of the interfacial SiO2 layer is reduced by nitridation of the Si substrate.


Traditional legal education neglects vulnerable populations by creating an environment in which those communities are rendered invisible. Traditional legal education also marginalizes legal research, often submerging it into first year legal writing courses. Perhaps paradoxically, combining these two oft-neglected aspects of legal education has the potential to reignite the social justice aspirations of those students who come to law school in order to practice public interest law. When legal research is restructured within a social justice context, it becomes a first year course that links practice to doctrine and learning the law to underserved client populations. Such a class allows students to recognize and reflect on the pervasiveness of legal control over clients' lives and allows the instructor to become a provocateur for justice. This chapter introduces three criteria for restructuring a first year legal research course within a public interest framework: building a connection to doctrinal courses, highlighting administrative research, and developing information literacy. The first section describes methods for integrating materials from doctrinal courses. The second section discusses the importance of administrative law to public interest lawyering and suggests techniques for connecting administrative legal research with underserved and marginalized populations. The final section discusses information literacy in the context of social justice lawyering, resource scarcity, and collaboration with community groups.


The reputation of the Frankfurt Assembly of 1848 has undergone a partial revision in the last few years. Its members used to be considered political novices from whom one could learn little about how to run a parliament (Huber, 1960: 613 is typical). Ziebura (1963) was perhaps the first to challenge this view. He showed that the Frankfurt Assembly was, in fact, run in a very professional way: It created sophisticated and disciplined political parties, and these parties actually exerted effective control over parliamentary business. They even joined together to form a coalition that gave reliable political support to a German provisional government. Kramer (1968), Boldt (1971), Botzenhart (1977), and Langewiesche (1978) have subsequently documented the skillful organization of these parties and their attempts to control members, to create extraparliamentary connections, and to maintain both a formal government coalition and an organized opposition. Kramer (1968: 175-178) has shown that they were particularly successful in applying party discipline to voting behavior: The results of voting could often be foretold simply from a knowledge of how the parties stood on the question at issue.


Abstract Research background: The fast pace of life of contemporary people living in developed countries results in a search for peace and relaxation, which is reflected in new forms of tourism. One of them is slow tourism, which is at an early stage of development. A new type of tourist is emerging – one who is conscious, responsible, critical, respectful of nature, open to learning about the customs, culture and religion of local populations. Purpose: This paper analyses the changes that take place in tourism from a socio-economic perspective, characterized by withdrawing from mass tourism and a shift towards individual tourism, with particular emphasis on slow tourism. Research methodology: The paper is based on a compilation of the current literature of the subject, reports and analysis of Polish websites devoted to slow travel. It is a synthesis of economic and social aspects of slow tourism development, including the motives for taking up slow tourism by tourists and the offer of slow travel in Poland. Results: The analysis of the literature reveals a large diversity in the definition of slow tourism. A lively discussion is going on regarding the meaning of the new trend, its importance and future. In Poland, slow tourism is becoming increasingly popular, as evidenced by, among others: an increase in the number of offers for slow tourists. Novelty: This analysis contributes to deepening the knowledge on new trends in tourism – slow tourism. These considerations contribute to the author's further research on the development of this phenomenon.


Using the theory developed by England and Green [1] for thermoelastic problems for initially stressed bodies and a certain class of potential functions, a group of punch and crack problems are solved. The requirement for solution is that the boundary data be expressible as a trignometric series with the coefficient of each term of the series a function of radial distance from the center of the punch or crack. The solutions are obtained by inversion of Abel's integral equation.


Submitted for the MAR06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Geometry and Electronic Structure of Alumina Supported Ag Clusters ELIZABETH A. SOKOL, SARA E. MASON, University of Pennsylvania, VALENTINO R. COOPER, Rutgers, The State Univ. of N.J., ANDREW M. RAPPE, University of Pennsylvania — We use DFT/GGA to model silver clusters supported on Al-terminated alpha-alumina. A variety of cluster sizes and geometry are considered. We find that the adsorption of the Ag clusters causes dramatic surface relaxations and polarization of the Ag clusters as some Ag atoms of the clusters bond with O, while others bond with Al. For comparison, we also model adsorption of a single Ag atom, which bonds at a hollow site (relative to surface oxygen). We use the electronic structure of the adsorbed clusters to interpret the bonding interaction between the Ag atoms and surface O and Al atoms. The differences in Ag-surface bonds within the cluster give rise to different electronic environments at each Ag atoms. This effect has implications of this result to reactivity. Sara E. Mason University of Pennsylvania Date submitted: 06 Dec 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


Objective To evaluate the variations of lymphocyte and lymphocyte subsets before and after chemotherapy in patients with tumor.Methods Lymphocyte and lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry in 180 healthy controls and 200 patients with tumor before and after chemotherapy.Results Compared with the control group,the mean values of CD3,CD4,NK and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly decreased,and the mean value of CD8 was significantly increased(P0.05) in patients with tumor.Patients with node metastases had significantly lower mean values of CD3,CD4,NK and CD4/CD8 ratio,and significantly higher mean CD8 values than those without node metastases(P0.05).The mean value of CD3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly decreased,but the mean CD8 values remained stable after chemotherapy(P0.05).Conclusion The immunological status was correlated to the progression and clinical stage of tumor.Chemotherapy may inhibit the immunological response of patients with tumor.


Article History: In this study, three different cases were examined in the City of Samsun, Turkey, and remarkable results have been revealed. Two cases happened in the year of 2008 and the other one in 2009. In the two cases, Luminol revealed how a criminal act was actually committed and confirmed the stateme nts of suspects and witnesses. In the other case however, the Luminol contradicted the suspect€s statement and proved that the criminal act was actually done by the suspect. All of these three cases have revealed the importance of blood stains during a cri me scene investigation.


Microcrystalline cellulose was pyrolysed using a Curie-point pyrolyser, directly attached to a GLC apparatus, at 460°C for 5 sec under a neat condition without any additives. Although the total yield of organic volatile fraction was not so high, 2-furaldehyde and levoglucosenone were observed as the major components in this fraction. Another volatile product, 1,6-anhydro-3-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosen, was also identified as the intermediate between levoglucosan and levoglucosenone. Levoglucosan could not be directly detected by the pyrolysis—GLC technique because of its low volatility, but it was thought to be one of the major components of the tar produced. Only slight amounts of these anhydro sugar homologues were observed in the Curie-point pyrolysis with D-glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and cellohexaose, though furans were abundantly observed in the volatile fractions. These results suggest the following two paths for the thermal decomposition reaction of cellulose at the initial stage:Cellulose→Levoglucosan, 1,6-anhydro-3-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosen, and levoglucosenoneCellulose→5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, and other furan compounds


Sensor unit for measuring a current in a conductor (1) comprising at least one magnetoresistive sensor (5, 6) located at a radial distance from the outer surface of the conductor (1), where the conductor (1) has a circular cross section, wherein the sensor unit comprises at least one auxiliary coil (7) for generating a polarized magnetic field (Hbias) at at least one magnetoresistive sensor (5, 6) strong enough to induce magnetic saturation in at least one magnetoresistive sensor (5, 6) continuously throughout the measurement process flow where the direction of the polarized magnetic field (Hbias) provided by the auxiliary coil (7) is oriented at an angle of 88-92 ° to the magnetic field direction (Hcurr) produced by the current in the conductor (1), wherein the auxiliary coil (7) is provided as a multi-turn winding around and coaxial with the co nductor (1), and wherein the at least one magnetoresistive sensor (5, 6) is inserted between the driver and the windings of the auxiliary coil, characterized in that the magnetic field produced by the current in the conductor (1) is directly measured by the at least one magnetoresistive sensor (5, 6) using a resulting magnetic field (Hresul) acting on said at least one magnetoresistive sensor (5, 6) and is given by the vector sum of the magnetic field (Hcurr ) produced by the current in the conductor (1) and the polarized magnetic field (Hbias).


The instrumented syringe discussed in this paper is a continuation of work performed in an effort to create a tool to help train individuals in proper injection procedure and technique. A syringe mountable inertial measurement unit (IMU) was actualized to collect acceleration, orientation, and position data during an intramuscular injection (IM). The collected data makes it possible to perform graphical and statistical analysis, in an effort to provide users with valuable information and feedback on performance. Thus, helping individuals acquire the necessary skillset and expertise required in performing a successful intramuscular injection. Continuing with the assumption that individuals using the instrumented syringe had a limited technical background, the setup was design to be as user friendly as possible. This includes the creation and utilization of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to help individuals perform all the necessary analysis and calculations.


Focusing on inventory control of cluster supply chains under E-business,the inventory model with cross-chain cooperation under timevarying demand was established.And the optimal orders were explored through utilizing game theory restaining external disturbance in H∞ control theory to dwindle fluctuation of inventory and order and improve quick response to market in Supply-Demand network.The sumulation was carried out by comparing analysis according to two situations with cooperation and non-cooperation across supply chains.It is proved by simulation that implementing the policy of robust control method and emergency across transshipment can effectively avoid overstock or shortage,and enhance competition for supply chain and industrial cluster.


PURPOSE: A bugak manufacturing method is provided to remove foreign odor such as fishy smell of bugak(fried kelp) ingredients using a glutinous rice paste component, and to improve the taste while keeping the appearance and the property of bugak. CONSTITUTION: A bugak manufacturing method comprises the following: mixing pounded citron or plum with sugar in a weight ratio of 1:1, and seal-storing the mixture for 2-4 months to obtain sugared citron or sugared plum; mixing glutinous rice powder with water in a weight ration of 2:1, and seal-storing the glutinous paste through heating and agitating in the velocity of 20-40 rpm; adding 0.1-5 parts by weight of garlic juice, 0.1-10 parts by weight of salt, 0.1-5 parts by weight of red pepper, and 0.1-10 parts by weight of soybean oil in 100 parts by weight of the glutinous rice paste, and heating them for 2-10 minutes; obtaining a glutinous rice paste component for the bugak by boiling 100 per parts by weight of glutinous rice paste with an addition of 0.5-15 parts by weight of sugared citron or sugared plum; applying the glutinous paste component to the bugak on the front surface with thickness of 0.5-3 mm; applying another layer of other Bugak ingredients to the bugak, and spreading the the glutinous paste component on the upper side of the layer; sprinkling sesame on the bugak surface, on which the glutinous paste component is spread, and drying to reach the point with a moist content of 5-15%; flattening the bugak by applying a 1-15 kgf/m^2 of pressure on the upper surface; frying the bugak with 160-180 deg. C soybean oil or rapeseed oil in a fryer for 2-10 seconds. The viscosity of the glutinous rice paste is 40x10^4-80x10^4mPascal-seconds. The ingredient of the bugak is selected from a group of laver, kelp, sesame leaves, soybean leaves, heaven leaves, green chili, camellia leaves, chrysanthemum leaves, persimmon leaves, and leaves of Berchemia berchemiaefolia.


Based on work experience in library,the author has designed a new way that accomplishes automatically data back-up based on database in library.The design was good,safe and practical,and the operation method was discussed in the paper in details.


SYNOPSIS This paper describes some of the latest developments in the use of Emergency Shut Down Systems in process installations both onshore and offshore. The safety implications of these developments are discussed. The effects of common cause failures and human factors with examples of accidents are described. The assessment of systems against HSE Guidelines, industry standards and future international standards is discussed and the changing offshore legislation.


The conduction of a single-wall carbon nanotube depends on the pitch. If there are an integral number of carbon hexagons per pitch, then the system is periodic along the tube axis and allows "holes" (not "electrons") to move inside the tube. This case accounts for a semiconducting behavior with the activation energy of the order of around 3 meV. There is a distribution of the activation energy since the pitch and the circumference can vary. Otherwise nanotubes show metallic behaviors (significantly higher conductivity). "Electrons" and "holes" can move in the graphene wall (two dimensions). The conduction in the wall is the same as in graphene if the finiteness of the circumference is disregarded. Cooper pairs formed by the phonon exchange attraction moving in the wall is shown to generate a temperature-independent conduction at low temperature (3 - 20 K).


ABSTRACT A tributary of Iroquois River captured the headwaters of Tieda River. Due to changes in local base levels of erosion, the gradient advantage now favors Tieda River, which is in the unusual position of being potentially able to recapture its former headwaters.


The castle at Malbork began to be constructed by the Teutonic Order as the fortified monastery of Marienburg from the 1270s; between 1309 and 1457 it was the headquarters of the Order in Prussia. During this time the castle expanded significantly and became sub-divided into three sectors, covering an area of around 20 hectares. Subsequent phases of Polish, Prussian and German occupation modified and restored various elements of the structure. From 1945 its restoration was supervised by Polish conservators and in 1997 it was added to the UNESCO list of world heritage sites. Today, the castle is preserved as the most important example of the Teutonic Order's distinctive architecture in Eastern Europe, and remains a major focus of historical, archaeological, architectural and art-historical research, as well as a showcase for the evolution of modern approaches to conservation and restoration. The maintenance of a castle the size of Malbork – the largest fortified brick structure in the world – required significant and complex provisioning networks. Written sources from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries illustrate the sheer diversity of animal management and animal-related products which were processed for and within the castle.1 However, the long-term impact of the castle's construction and expansion on the animal resources of its hinterland is also a question with a fundamental archaeological perspective. Excavations within the bounds of the castle are carefully managed by the archaeology department of the castle museum, and are both rescueand research-led. Since 2001, Dr. Maria Dąbrowska,2 in collaboration with Dr. Zbigniew Sawicki and the castle museum, has directed annual excavations in the outer bailey, exploring its complex sequence of changing occupation from the early medieval period through to the nineteenth century. In the last decade, excavators have recognized the potential value of recovering environmental data from archaeological contexts within the castle, and retained all hand-collected animal bones (although no sieving was carried


It is shown that accurate motion and speed information extracted from the texture of the difference frame can be efficiently used to significantly improve the performance of quadrilateral matching motion estimation but with a small fraction of the complexity of a full search procedure.


A new theory of porous materials is considered, and the incorporation of this theory in a finite-difference Lagrangian wave propagation code, WONDY IV, is described. The results of plane-wave calculations carried out by using the linearized theory and a simple nonlinear model are then discussed for a polyurethane foam. The results for the linearized theory are in good agreement with an exact solution. The wave profiles calculated in the context of the nonlinear theory show a two-wave structure and are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations. 4 figures.


ORDER The Tennessee General Sessions Judges Conference ("GSJC") has filed a petition stating that a committee of the GSJC, in consultation with and assistance from members of the Creditors' Practice Section of the Tennessee Bar Association and representatives of the Court Clerks, has created a set of uniform civil case forms for use in Tennessee's General Sessions Courts. The GSJC has submitted the proposed forms as Exhibit A to its petition and asks this Court to approve these forms "as universally acceptable and legally sufficient for use in civil cases before the General Sessions Courts in Tennessee." The Court hereby publishes for public comment the Commission's petition, including the proposed forms, set out in the attached Appendix. The Court solicits written comments from the Tennessee Access to Justice Commission, judges, lawyers, bar organizations, members of the public, and any other interested parties. The deadline for submitting written comments is October 26,20 1 1. Written comments should be addressed to:


Considering various uncertain disturbances and torque ripple that mainly consists of cogging torque and harmonic torque, a transient model of PMSM, which include nonlinear uncertainty, was first established and then the nonlinear control strategy was introduced to the PMSM speed regulation system to derive a robust speed controller. Unlike the classical adaptive control approach consisting of an identifier and a parameterized feedback law, the nonlinear PI control structure can generate a stable error equation with a perturbation function, which converge to zero asymptotically. Without knowing the parameters of nonlinear uncertainties, we design the controller parameters based on the information of the uncertain terms' boundaries. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is effective.


Brain surface analysis is challenging due to the high variability of the cortical geometry. This paper presents a novel graph convolutional based approach for learning surface data directly across multiple surfaces. Current methods either rely on costly geometrical simplification processes or lack the ability to compare surface data across different domains. Our work leverages advances in spectral graph matching to align incompatible surface bases to a reference surface for direct learning of surface data. We illustrate with a cortical parcellation application the benefits of our method. We validate the algorithm over 101 manually labeled brain surfaces. The improvements in parcellation reveal a 29% increase in accuracy with drastic speed gains over conventional methods. The proposed method can be applied to other analysis of surface data, particularly relevant for studying neurological disorders.


The invention relates to an integrated electrical and mechanical pump starting device. The integrated electrical and mechanical pump starting device comprises an electrical control assembly and a mechanical switching device. The electrical control assembly is connected between a load pump motor and a power supply of the load pump motor. The power supply is further connected with the load pump motor through the mechanical switching device. An interlocking device is arranged between the electrical control assembly and the mechanical switching device so as to conduct an electrical control assembly loop or a mechanical switching device loop. A manual all-voltage starting loop for connecting and starting the load pump motor is arranged between the mechanical switching device and the load pump motor. A manual voltage reducing starting loop for reducing voltage and starting the load pump motor is further arranged between the mechanical switching device and the load pump motor. According to the integrated electrical and mechanical pump starting device, electrical voltage reducing starting and manual mechanical starting are integrated, interlocking switching is achieved through the mechanical switching device in which a rotation operation handle is matched with a contactor, the power supply is switched among electrical starting, manual full-voltage starting and manual voltage reducing starting, and accordingly the load pump motor is started.


Abstract The representation of Canada's two main linguistic groups in the teaching of Canadian politics is crucial, but we know little about it. In this article, we analyze the systemic underrepresentation of francophone authors in Canadian political science by examining the research that students are exposed to. Based on data from 351 syllabi across 42 Canadian universities, as well as data from the reading list of the doctoral qualifying field exams in Canadian politics, our findings show that francophone authors are systemically underrepresented (when not totally absent). About 38 per cent of Canadian politics courses include no francophone authors in their reading lists. Our findings suggest that Canadian politics is not an inclusive and comprehensive field. This result entails important implications not only for current professors and students but also for the profession more generally, given that the students who will make up tomorrow's faculties in Canadian universities are shaped by these biases.


As an example for the interplay of structure, dynamics, and phase behavior of macromolecular systems, this article focuses on the problem of bottle-brush polymers with either rigid or flexible backbones. On a polymer with chain length $N_b$, side-chains with chain length $N$ are endgrafted with grafting density $\sigma$. Due to the multitude of characteristic length scales and the size of these polymers (typically these cylindrical macromolecules contain of the order of 10000 effective monomeric units) understanding of the structure is a challenge for experiment. But due to excessively large relaxation times (particularly under poor solvent conditions) such macromolecules also are a challenge for simulation studies. Simulation strategies to deal with this challenge, both using Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics Methods, will be briefly discussed, and typical results will be used to illustrate the insight that can be gained.


While it is officially accepted as a main feature of Malaysian society, multiculturalism's ideological aims of recognizing, celebrating and maintaining cultural identities in order to promote and encourage social cohesion and unity have, nonetheless, often been limited by resistance against extending equitable status to the distinct cultural, religious and ethnic groups within the country. This paper traces the tension between the promotion of national unity and calls for equal status within the multicultural context of Malaysian short stories in English. The importance of literature as a mode for discussing and expressing this tension can never be underestimated. This is because outright discussions on calls for equal status for all of Malaysian cultures have never been officially welcomed by the government since they were deemed "sensitive issues." Only through literary works, such as short stories, which often appear to be apolitical, are writers able to articulate and discuss issues surrounding multiculturalism, including those of cultural equality, more freely. Because of the evolving nature of any society and the different historical specificities that it experiences, this paper chooses to focus on the treatment of multiculturalism within the Malaysian context in ten short stories over half a century, dating from the sixties until today. Within this time period, this study has managed to locate shifts in the development of this issue from earlier representations of the various interethnic problems in Malaysia to more current emphasis on nationalism and globalization.


In a day when stockpiles of petroleum are finishing and exhaust norm are getting more and more restricted very important thing in new vehicles is the environment protection. Many researches are led in the range of emission of harmful substances limitation. As is well known the combustion engine produce the largest part of harmful substances during start and transitional phases. One of the methods which could improve this threat is using of heated catalytic converters. In this paper other method is presented-additional fuel circuit. Thanks to this installation ignition phase is realized when a vehicle is hydrogen fuelled. This paper initial research of cold start using gasoline and hydrogen is presented. All measurements was prepared in the same conditions and theirs results are graphically presented. The use of the additional feed system with the gas- start fuel improves indicators of engine work. The use of the start fuel gives the considerable reduction of the concentration of injurious compounds in exhausts gases. The use of hydrogen as a start fuel and the feed system with weak fuel-air mixture permits to limit losses of pumping which at feed system petrol comes up to 40% during idle work of the engine. The hydrogen feed directly before switch of the engine is necessary.