The heat, momentum, and precipitation flux fields of five flux products are used to force a one-dimensional KPP mixed layer model initialized with profiles from the 2006 summer cruise. The simulated winter mixed layers generated by all of the forcing products resemble Argo observations of SAMW; this agreement also validates the flux products. Mixing driven by buoyancy loss and wind forcing is strong enough to deepen the SAMW layers. Wind-driven mixing is central to SAMW formation, as model runs forced with buoyancy forcing alone produce shallow mixed layers. Air-sea fluxes indirectly influence winter SAMW properties by controlling how deeply the profiles mix. The stratification and heat content of the initial profiles determine the properties of the SAMW and the likelihood of deep mixing. Summer profiles from just upstream of Drake Passage have less heat stored between 100 and 600 m than upstream profiles, and so, with sufficiently strong winter forcing, form a cold, dense variety of SAMW. Citation: Holte, J. W., L. D. Talley, T. K. Chereskin, and B. M. Sloyan (2012), The role of air-sea fluxes in Subantarctic Mode Water formation, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C03040, doi:10.1029/2011JC007798.


Points out that the trend in the USA and the UK to adopt business codes of ethics has been followed in recent years by Australian business organizations. Presents findings from two studies which involved the top 500 Australian enterprises. The first examined the likelihood of code adoption in relation to such variables as organization type, size, income and major activities. The second was concerned with the actual nature of the content to determine whether codes were designed to deal with ethical issues, corporate values and ethical decision skills rather than with management policies and legal issues; and whether a code was in fact a code of ethics as opposed to rules on business etiquette and behaviour.


Since 2004, graphene as transistor channel has drawn huge amount of attention due to its extraordinary scalability and high carrier mobility. In order to open required bandgap, its nanoribbon form is used in transistors. Breakdown effect modelling of the graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNRFETs) is needed to investigate the limits on operating voltage of the transistor. However, until now there is no study in analytical approach and modelling of the breakdown voltage (BV) effects on the graphene-based transistors. Thus, in this project, semianalytical models for lateral electric field, length of velocity saturation region (LVSR), ionization coefficient (a) and breakdown voltage (BV) of singleand double-gate graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNRFETs) are proposed. As the methodology, the application of Gauss's law at drain and source regions is employed in order to derive surface potential and lateral electric field equations. Then, LVSR is calculated as a solution of surface potential at saturation condition. The ionization coefficient is modelled and calculated by deriving equations for probability of collisions in ballistic and drift modes based on lucky drift theory of ionization. Then the threshold energy of ionization is computed using simulation, and an empirical equation is derived semianalytically. Finally, avalanche breakdown condition is employed to calculate the lateral BV. As a result of this research, simple analytical and semianalytical models are proposed for the LVSR, and BV, which could be used in design and optimization of semiconductor devices and sensors. The proposed equations are used to examine the BV at different situations of various channel lengths, supply voltages, oxide thickness, GNR's widths and gate voltages. Simulation results show the operating voltage of FETs could be as low as 0.25 V in order to prevent breakdown. However, after optimization, it can be reached to 1.5 V.


The current paper describes a method of reducing CO2 emissions from transport based on the offsetting of CO2 emissions by non-transport means. The paper first outlines an overall framework for considering carbon neutrality in the transport sector (and elsewhere). It then considers the scale of the land transport task in Australia, followed by an estimation of the greenhouse emissions (especially CO2) generated by that land transport task. The paper then reviews various ways by which those emissions could be offset. Selecting one of those offset methods, biosequestration in forests, it estimates what would be required physically to offset the total land transport emissions each year, and the likely cost of those offsets. The paper then considers various ways in which these costs could be met by society. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E216058.


into second editions in 1997 and continue to sell. Do It Yoursel f Social Research has sold over 38 000 copies and Everyday Evaluation on the Run has sold over 9000. How are they being used and what does this say about opportunities for sociology and sociologists? Both books are produced with the best techniques of training manuals: direct address of the reader-'Don't sit down and read this chapter from start to finish!'; large format double column layout; lots of diagrams and cartoons; clear headings, subheadings summaries, etc. But they address real needs. The volume on social research shows how any community organisation, activist group, voluntary association or citizen group can produce convincing research reports to support their claims. It is the object of the research that is 'social', the techniques are publicly accessible. Similarly, the evaluation text presents ways of doing small-scale evaluation studies integrated into commonplace activities of small organisations. At a time when even universities are stressing academic self-evaluation, the need for such a useful guide is apparent. The success of these books shows there is a market for sociological skills, expertise and techniques in many areas of professional practice, community advocacy organisations and non-government social service providers. Reaching this audience successfully requires


Family practices top all other specialties as the most in-demand acquisition targets in the eyes of hospital executives, according to a recent survey by a healthcare staffing firm.


Background: The use of contraceptives that contain synthetic hormones for pregnancy prevention is not without risk. Continuous use for more than 5 years increases the risk of 40%, 10 years 80% and 20 years 160% to get cancer. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship of hormonal contraceptive use with physical and mental quality of life. M ethods: The study design was cross sectional conducted in September 2017. The study population was hormonal contraceptive users in Metro Selatan Subdistrict, Metro City in 2017 with a total sample of 138 people. Data collected using a questionnaire to obtain hormonal contraceptive acceptor data and quality of life physically and mentally social and bivariate analysis using chi square test. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between hormonal contraception and physical health (p 0.010) and a significant relationship between hormonal contraception and social mental health (p 0.014). Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraception is related to decreased physical health and social mental health. Acceptors using hormonal contraception have lower physical and mental health scores than non-hormonal contraceptive users.


Objective To evaluate the effects and clinical value of T plate versus locking compression plate(LCP) for distal radius factures.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 96 patients with distal radius fractures treated with nonoperation and operation from February 2009 to June 2011.Fourty four patients underwent external fixator with T plate,and fifty two patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with locked compression plate.The healing time and the clinical assessment of wrist function were investigated.Results All patients were followed up for 5-15 months.There were significant differences(P 0.05) to achieve fracture healing between T plate group [(3.7±1.2) months] and LCP group [(2.5±1.1) months].On the rate of complications and the clinical assessment of wrist,T plate group was 9.1%,81.8% and LCP group was 3.8%,96.2%,there were significant differences(P 0.05) between two groups.Conclusion Using T plate and locked compression plate can achieve satisfactory functional outcomes,and locked compression plate has certain advantages.


Electrodeposited Co-P thin film has recently attracted a lot attention due to its good high-frequency performance, large magnetic susceptibility, relatively high resistivity and growth rate. Co-P soft magnetic films can be synthesized by either direct current or pulse current plating. The effects of the pulse current on the properties of the electrodeposited Co-P film have not been fully investigated so far. In this study, we synthesized both amorphous and nanocrystalline Co-P films on copper foil from two kinds of fresh solutions by multi-pulse electrodeposition. We mainly investigated the effects of the negative average current density on the film composition, crystalline structure and surface morphology of the Co-P films deposited on copper foil. The experimental results showed that without the electrolyte change, the phosphorous content could be greatly changed by just varying the negative pulse current density, which provided a flexible tuning knob for Co-P films. The surface morphology of the Co-P films varied with the phosphorous content and the pattern of the film growth was the nodular growth. In addition, with an external magnetic field applied during the electroplating, the Co-P films on copper-coated Si wafer showed a good soft magnetic property (Hc is 1∼2 Oe) and high permeability (∼700).


The incidental finding of small renal masses in CT and MRI examinations can present a diagnostic challenge. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and angiomyolipoma (AML) are the most common incidental malignant and benign renal lesions but may present with similar US features. US elastography is a non-invasive technique that can assess tissue elasticity, has shown promising results in many clinical settings, and could be able to differentiate between benign and malignant renal lesions based on tissue stiffness. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the applications of US elastography in the characterization of solid renal masses and to derive and compare the summary estimates of different stiffness values across different lesion subtypes. In December 2022, a systematic search was carried out on the MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases to retrieve studies on the application of US elastography in the characterization of solid renal masses. After article selection by three researchers, 14 studies entered qualitative synthesis. A total of 1190 patients were included, and the elastography data of 959 lesions were examined: 317/959 (33%) benign and 642/959 (67%) malignant. Among the malignancies, 590 (91%) were RCC, whereas, among the 317 benign lesions, 244 (77%) were AML. All lesions were classified using a histopathological (biopsy or operative specimen) or imaging (US follow-up/CT/MRI) reference standard. After data extraction and methodological quality evaluation, quantitative synthesis was performed on 12 studies, 4 using strain elastography (SE) and 8 using shear wave elastography (SWE), with single- and double-arm random-effects meta-analyses. Lesion stiffness measured with SE was available in four studies, with an RCC strain ratio higher than the AML strain ratio both in an indirect comparison (Cochran's Q test p = 0.014) and in a direct comparison (p = 0.021). Conversely, the SWE measurements of RCC and AML stiffness did not significantly differ either at an indirect comparison (p = 0.055) or direct comparison (p = 0.114).


The study evaluated water quality differences between coves and main channels in Lake Sinclair. Historic main channel data were compared to cove and main channel data for 1998. Significant water quality differences were found. Chlorophyll a values in coves were sufficient to cause scums, mats, and odors.


This article delves into the uses of history and examines how the enlisting of Indian soldiers – particularly from Punjab – into the British Indian Army during the First and Second World Wars has been memorialized and remembered in contemporary Britain. This issue has become particularly salient in the light of the politics of the so-called 'war on terror' or 'new imperialism', which Paul Gilroy and Vron Ware argue has heightened tendencies towards militarism in British society. Using examples from the public sphere – remembrance day events, TV documentaries and army recruitment fairs – as well as interview material, I argue that Britain's Punjabi communities have been organizing in order to weave themselves into the national tapestry by memorializing role played by Punjabis in the First and Second World Wars – iconic to the national fantasy, using this forgotten history to demand recognition from the state and stake a claim for citizenship. In the 'new imperialism', however, it is not equally possible for Sikh and Muslim Punjabis to argue for their inclusion on the terms of militarized citizenship, and the various chords within the diaspora seem to be increasingly disharmonious, effacing their composite and shared colonial history.


DURING the discussions conducted by the National Civil-Service Reform League, one important field has been greatly neglected-that indicated in the title of this article. It was natural and proper that the reform should aim to correct abuses in the postal department, in all branches of the general government, and in municipal administration; but the treatment of the helpless poor should not be forgotten. In I896 the National Conference of Charities and Corrections discussed a report on the spoils system, and the writer presented another report in May, I898. The laws of the several states relating to such appointments and the tenure of office have been summarized in the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, November, I897, and January, I898, by Mr. H. A. Millis. But are these laws properly administered, and how do they work ? Schedules of questions were sent out to well-informed persons in all parts of the country, and many replies were received which throw interesting light on the subject. The testimony before the committee seemed to justify certain conclusions which are briefly stated in their report. The "merit system " seems to be making progress in state inistitutions, especially those for the insane, for the deaf-mutes, and the blind. Less rapidly the better principles are accepted in state correctional institutions, as prisons and reformatories. It is in local institutions, such as city hospitals, jails, and in county charities, that we find the worst forms of neglect and incompetence, often of positive corruption. Of course, partisan appointments are not often as bad as it is possible for them to be, owing to the presence of an enlightened public sentiment which makes it good policy even for partisans to appoint capable administrators. But the spoils system only too often works its natural and inevitable consequences, and the charitable purpose of the comimunity is thwarted by dishonest or inefficient agents. It is the purpose of this article to present, as far as possible in the very language of competent informants, some of the illustrations of the actual working of the spoils system in the designated field of inquiry.'


Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of contact sensitization in patients with lower extremity dermatitis. Methods Between the years 2001 and 2007, the authors investigated 462 patients (mean age 49.1 years, 196 men and 266 women) with the eczema/dermatitis localized on their lower extremities, including feet. The patients were investigated with epicutaneous tests of the European Standard Series and also with other special patch tests. Results The most frequent allergens were balsam of Peru, 44/462 (9.5%); wool alcohols, 41/462 (8.9%); nickel sulphate, 39/462 (8.4%); propolis, 35/462 (7.6%); fragrance mix, 34 (7.4%) and colophony, 29/462 (6.3%). Conclusions In patients with lower extremity dermatitis the frequency of contact sensitization is still high, and therefore investigation with epicutaneous tests should belong to the routine dermatological diagnostic procedure in these patients.


The deformation of the prestress frame of open-die forging hydraulic press is studied in the paper. Firstly, the computing formula of true prestressing force of frame is deduced, and then the finite element model of prestress frame is established. With the model, the deformation of prestress frame is studied when the press works under different operating modes including upsetting, elongating and saddle forging and the effect of different operating modes on the deformation are revealed. The main achievements include: The true prestressing force of frame can be gained with nominal prestressing force, section area and working length of tension rods, section area and length of columns. Under prestress, the stress of the field of up beam and down beam acted by the axial force of tension rods and columns is bigger, that of the other field is very small. Under working loads, up beam and down beam tend to open out, tension rods and columns tend to bend in, and the bending effect cause the stress of inner field of tension rods bigger than that of outer field and the stress of inner field of columns smaller than that of outer field. The deformation of down beam under saddle forging is different with that under upsetting and elongating. The stress of center field of down beam under upsetting and elongating is higher and that of front and back field of down beam under upsetting is higher. The main achievements of the study are useful to design the prestress frame of open-die forging hydraulic press and the research method can be used to study the prestress frame of other equipments.


The Organization of African Unity was the product of a compromise between African statesmen who wanted political union of all independent African states and those who preferred functional cooperation as a building block toward the construction of an African sociopsychological community. As embodied in the Charter of the Organization of African Unity and put into operation, the inherent contradictions of the ideas, behaviors, and interests of member states, in conjunction with the dynamics of international politics, brought practically all efforts at functional cooperation to naught. In order to revamp Africa's commitment to functionalism, the Lagos Plan of Action was adopted in April 1980. But it remains to be seen how practicable it will be for Africans, relying on themselves, to achieve the goal of an African Common Market by the year 2000, as envisaged in the plan.


Lots of experiences on the disaster and accident management in many countries are worth consulting Based upon a comparative study on several issues of disaster and accident management in China and foreign countries, such as the system, function and organization of the main body involved in the disaster and accident management, press management and psychological recovery after crisis, the present situation and problems of disaster and accident management in China are analyzed and the measures and suggestions to improve the disaster and accident management in China are put forward


In th i s paper we give the parametric representation of a s t a r l i k e map of the unit b a l l Bn into C n . Bes ides , we prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solut ion of the equation Df(z)h(z) = f ( z ) (see [6] , Th.1) , where h e M, among loca l ly biholomorpnic maps s a t i s f y i n g the conditions Γ(0) = 0, Df(0) = I . The f i n a l part of the paper includes an estimation of the norm of the s t a r l i k e map. Let Cn stand for the space of r complex var iab les ζ = ( z ^ , z 2 , . . . , z n ) , ζ j e C , j = 1 , 2 , . . . T h e sca l a r product and the norm wil l be denoted by  = > ; z.Wj and IIζII = J J = \A, re spect ive ly . The open ba l l {z j l lz-a II < r } i s denoted by B n ( a ; r ) , the unit ba l l Β η ( ϋ ; 1 ) , for short , by B n . The l e t t e r I wi l l always represent the identi ty map on C n . The c l a s s of holomorphic maps


Philo of Alexandria's De vita contemplativa (henceforth VC) is one of the philosopher's most debated treatises. Indeed, it raises difficult questions of authorship and interpretation. Much scholarly attention has been devoted to the subject, investigating the authenticity of the attribution to Philo, the identity of the socalled "Therapeutae," the plausibility of their actual existence, and their possible relation to Christian monasticism and Essenism. In particular, as Jean Riaud has pointed out, in modern times, theological and apologetic agendas motivated the identification of the Therapeutae as either Jews or Christians.


We will present our study on the optical nonlinearity and fast exciton dynamics in porous silicon. Efficient anisotropic infrared-upconversion luminescence generated from porous silicon layer due to its strong optical nonlinear polarizability has been observed and could be explained by the quantum confinement effect.1,2 The high optical nonlinear response of porous silicon by the localization of exciton arising from the nanometer structure of that material.3,4 Our recent studies are engaged on the temperature-dependent and picosecond time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. Several porous silicon samples with different post-treatments for obtaining different surface-related states are studied with temperatures ranged from 77 K to 410 K.


Figure 1. Battery-Based Backup Is Well-Suited for Fixed and Mobile Applications Spanning Thousands of Watts to Hundreds of kW, and Can Provide Reliable, Effective Power Across a Wide Range of Applications The use of large-scale battery arrays for backup and carry-through energy storage is getting increasing attention, as evidenced by Tesla Motors' recent announcement of their Powerwall system for homes and offices. The batteries in these systems are continually charged from the power-line grid or other Grid-connected battery arrays are viable backup and carry-through power sources; application-specific measurement ICs which meet their unique and sophisticated requirements ensure reliable system performance.


Odo of Sully, Bishop of Paris (1200-8), decreed in his statutes that each parish priest within his diocese should have a book called a manuale, which should contain the ordo of service for extreme unction, the catechism, baptism, and everyday things. His prescription is the earliest mention in the episcopal legislation that a parish priest should have one particular book dedicated to the liturgy for all the services associated with pastoral care. But codices concerned with the sacerdotal rites for the cura anitnarum have a history which goes back to the late ninth and tenth centuries. These early ritualia were often combined with the monastic collectar, as in the mid-tenth-century Durham Collectar. There are also some examples from the late tenth and eleventh centuries of ritualia made for the secular clergy. Odo of Sully was thus providing his powerful support to an existing practice rather than instituting a new form of service book. This paper investigates further the context in which these early examples of 'parish' rituals were compiled, beginning with the Carolingian background.


This case report describes a 46-year-old woman presented with numerous monomorphic, mildly erythematous, and skin-colored smooth indurated papules that coalesced into plaques that involved the upper and lower eyelids, forehead, medial cheeks, cutaneous lips, and chin.


International Computers Limited (ICL) has extended its use of flexible manufacturing and just‐in‐time techniques throughout its Ashton‐under‐Lyne factory. Jack Hollingum went along to see it.


This chapter examines Virgilio Pinera's Electra Garrigo, written in 1941 but staged in Cuba before and after the revolution led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. The play features Greek tragedy's choral structure alongside distinctive Cuban elements: Aegithus kills Agamemnon in a ritual that mimics a cockfight, Orestes poisons Clytemnestra with a papaya, and the chorus sing to the tune of the 'Guantanamera'. I discuss the ways in which Pinera's unique mixture of Cuban and classical unsettles the original Greek text, and the manner in which he challenged the notion and relevance of a 'classic' for modern Cuban theatre. Though reviled in its initial performance, Electra Garrigo, which depicts a young generation that engineers the death of its parents, was later upheld as a powerful symbol of the revolution and consciously re-performed before foreign luminaries such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir as being emblematic of the transformed nation.


Augmented reality (AR) application is an excellent domain for maintenance task in industrial environment. It allows the user to see computer generated virtual objects superimposed upon the real world through the see-through head mounted display. Technician of maintenance when using this system can interact with the virtual world and have additional information, such as instruction for performing maintenance tasks inform of text messages, images, 3-D models of pieces or audio such as speech instruction. In this paper, we describe a prototype of a maintenance system based on distributed augmented reality in industrial context. For the good results of the virtual overlays, aspect of the usage of optical tracking system and the calibration procedures based on computer vision techniques are discussed.


Longitudinal content analyses of Science coverage in the media are expensive, laborious and therefore rare. None of the existing studies covers the entire post-war period. We are constructing a cultural indicator for Science in Post-War Britain. The newly established Media Monitor Archive at the Science Museum, London, will contain around 10'000 press articles on science news in daily newspapers. The collection is systematically drawn from a crosssection of the British national press between 1946 and 1986. Articles are coded on 70 variables. Variables refer to formal characteristics (e.g. size, illustrations, headline, citations, news section, and ratings on personalization or story tone) and to the structure of the news narrative: Who is the author? Who is the main agent? What is the event, and where (research involved, time horizon, locality)? What is the context? what are the consequences for whom? What is the moral of the story? These indices will allow us to create time-series data to characterize a) the cyclical nature of science coverage; b) the changing structure of science news stories; c) the differences between quality and popular newspapers in various aspects; d) the varied ways in which different areas of science and technology are covered. Initial results show the cyclical nature of science coverage and differences in that cycle between quality and popular newspapers over 40 years in British daily and national press.


Abstract In this paper, a dye modified titanium dioxide/graphene composite (DTG20) was prepared using direct grey D, a dye with good water solubility, as a modifier. Then the DTG20 and its intermediates, including TiO2 and titanium dioxide/graphene (TG), were finished on cotton fabric through the padding, coating and compounding methods, respectively. Photocatalytic properties of the treated fabrics were investigated using the MB simulated pollutant. It was found that the photodegradation efficiency of MB shown by DTG20 finished fabric treated with the compounding method can reach 90.55 %, and after four recycling experiments, the removal rate of MB can still reach 77.07 %. After being exposed to sunlight for 6 hours, the photodegradation efficiency of MB stained on the surface of DTG20 treated fabric can achieve 91.44 %; therefore, it also exhibited an excellent self-cleaning effect.


Gender expectations were a major part of the medieval social habitus, and they were conveyed by an idealized superior male (called in French a preudomme, in German the biderbe man), a concept applied across the social spectrum to laity and clergy alike and the subject of conduct manuals. The preudomme offers in fact a contemporary and widely accepted European medieval definition of masculinity, so far ignored by gender historians. He was very much crafted to assist success in courtly society. This chapter defines and analyses the concept and offers a new avenue into the study of medieval gender which to date has concentrated on data drawn from clerical sources.


Abstract It is only recently that VR has become one of the most sought out technologies to create a narrative experience. However, as David Z. Saltz points out, 'scholars and practitioners have yet to settle on a name to describe performances that incorporate digital media'. In this article, I extend Jennifer Parker-Starbuck's concept of 'cyborg theatre' to the three technological retellings of Shakespeare – To Be With Hamlet, Hamlet 360, and The Under Presents: Tempest – and demonstrate immersive VR theatre as a site where the possibilities of shifting subjectivity materialize. The first section explores the nature of VR in theatre through its central function. Focusing on my experiences of the productions, I explore the cyborgean intersections in VR theatre via the sense of immersion, and highlight how the immersive power of VR incites reflections on the impact of new technologies on the body and the subject of the audience. Based on an examination of immersion, the second section focuses on the audience's embodied subjectivity and argues immersive VR theatre as a site where alternative corporeal and technological configurations could be tested out. I am especially interested in how sensory immersion in VR, unlike existing claims on it, relates to the materiality as well as the imitative representation of a fictional world.


In order to investigate the effect of biochar and humic acid on the rate of remobilization, grain yield and antioxidant content of maize under water deficiency stress, an experiment was conducted as asplit-split plot in the form of a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. The main plot involved water stress with three irrigation levels after depleting 30, 40 and 50% of field capacity, non-stress, moderate stress, and severe stress, respectively, asubplot withbiochar with 2 control levels (no use of biochar) and application of 4 tons in biochar hectares and another subplot having humic acid with 4 control levels (no use of humic acid) and application of 2, 4 and 6 liters per hectare of humic acid. The results showed that the effect of water deficit stress, biochar and humic acid on grain yield, remobilization rate, current photosynthesis, share of current photosynthesis, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes was significant at the level of 1% probability. The highest grain yield was related to irrigation treatment after depleting 40% of field capacity and application of 4 tons per hectare of biochar. In total, the use of 4 liters per hectare of humic acid in moderate moisture stress conditions due to its positive role on the growth and hence on the 42% increase in the yield, compared to severe stress treatment and no consumption of humic acid, can be recommended under arid and semi-arid conditions to save water consumption, and reduce the effects of water deficit stress.


ABSTRACT The tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Tryon) (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae), is reported for the first time in Yemen from tomatoes, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae). This is the second record of A. lycopersici from the Arabian Peninsula after Saudi Arabia.


In this article accreting scenarios for adiabatic and dark energy are both chosen to construct phase portrait analysis. Components of Navier-Stokes equations and equation of state are picked to construct the nonlinear dynamics of accretion. Central singularities are observed to be formed in the phase diagram. Different regions in the phase diagrams are partitioned to study the nature of the gradients for radial speed and sonic speed. This study may shed some light on the inner disc activities.


This thesis investigates how ownership structure and corporate governance relate to the post-listing liquidity of IPO firms. Using a sample of 1,049 Chinese IPOs from 2001 to 2010, the results show firms with a broader shareholder base and higher ownership concentration have greater post-listing liquidity. So do firms with higher state ownership and lower institution ownership. Corporate governance is also important; post-listing liquidity is higher for firms with CEO duality, a larger and more independent board, and more frequent board meetings. The 2005 Split Share Structure Reform, which increased the proportion of tradable shares, has a positive impact on liquidity.


FSCQ is a file system with a machine-checkable proof (using the Coq proof assistant [2]) that its implementation meets its specification, even under crashes. FSCQ provably avoids bugs that have plagued previous file systems, such as performing disk writes without sufficient barriers or forgetting to zero out directory blocks. FSCQ built upon the Crash Hoare Logic (CHL) infrastructure. FSCQ uses FscqLog for crash recovery, which provides transactional disk abstraction and all-or-nothing atomicity in case of crash.


The concept of hybrid automata provides a powerful framework to model and analyze real-world systems. Due to the structural complexity of hybrid systems it is important to ensure the scalability of analysis algorithms. We approach this problem by providing an effective generalisation of the recently introduced notion of quasi-equal clocks to hybrid systems. For this purpose, we introduce the concept of quasi-dependent variables. Our contribution is two-fold: we demonstrate how such variables can be automatically detected, and we present a transformation leading to an abstraction with a smaller state space which, however, still retains the same properties as the original system. We demonstrate the practical applicability of our methods on a range of industrial benchmarks.


The rise of Internet of Things (IoT) and adoption of smart cities create opportunities for creative and efficient management and utilization of the available resources. One of the characteristics of smart cities is the interconnectivity of the city's infrastructure, which allows data to be transferred between vehicles, infrastructures and road side units. Future vehicles with powerful on-board computers, communication capabilities, and vast sensor arrays are perfect candidates in this hyper-connected environment to utilize into a fluid Vehicular Cloud (VC) capable of performing large-scale computations. In this paper, we propose a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication protocol for enabling a dynamic Vehicular Cloud Computing system in smart cities.


With the rapid development of intelligent robot, the requirements for tactile sensor become higher. A novel capacitive tactile sensor with petal array for fingertip sensing is proposed in this paper. The sensor uses high elastic micro-pin that is inspired by the human fingertip's Merkel cell complex. The sensitivity and range of detection are greatly improved. The multi-array tactile points are arranged in a petal structure that can reduce cross-coupling between the points. Then the calibration and tests are implemented to prove the performance in sensitivity, measurement range and measurement density. Finally, the experiments of fingertip sensing are designed. Eight operation states of the robotic fingertip can be detected and recognized by the sensor. The experiments have verified the effectiveness of the proposed tactile sensor for fingertip sensing.


Since 2015, the tax advantage of the R&D of entrepreneurs in Slovakia has been in the form of indirect support of innovation and creativity in companies. It could be a competitive advantage for the entrepreneurs who apply them. They are important on the revenue level, e.g. in the creation of a new product and on the cost level, in streamlining the conduct of business. This article aims to analyze the application of super-deduction in tax due to R&D carried out by entrepreneurs in Slovakia from the first year and focuses on R&D in the Slovak Republic from 2015 to 2018. Theoretical interpretations of R&D in legislative standards at transnational and national levels, different tax policies on innovation and gross domestic spending are defined at the outset. The theoretical background is important from the point of view of understanding the R&D in the conditions of the Slovak Republic, where the following quantitative research is carried out. As the main method of investigation, we used the quantitative analysis and comparison that we use to compare the increasing number of companies that used the R&D cost (expenditure) deduction in the context of legal form in the period considered for the years 2015 to 2018 and the amounts of applied super-deduction for individual types of companies. The performed quantitative analysis shows a weak use of the provided income tax relief in the form of super-deduction of costs in connection with the implementation of R&D by companies in Slovakia, despite the year-on-year growing trend. Due to the relative representation of individual legal forms of entities in Slovakia, according to our research, Limited Liability Companies apply a super-deduction of R&D costs annually in the period under review. The number of these entities is constantly growing, as is the amount of the super-deduction applied. Based on the findings, we can state that the increased percentage deduction rate had a positive effect on the motivation of entrepreneurs to apply incentives.


Elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio for a number of wrought FeCrAl alloys, intended for accident tolerant fuel cladding application, are determined via resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy. The results are reported as a function of temperature from room temperature to 850°C. The wrought alloys were in the fully annealed and unirradiated state. The elastic modulus for the wrought FeCrAl alloys is at least twice that of Zr-based alloys over the temperature range of this study. The Poisson's ratio of the alloys was 0.28 on average and increased very slightly with increasing temperature.


Original article can be found at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10447431 Copyright Elsevier Inc. DOI: 10.1006/mcne.1999.0795 [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]


The vast majority of engineering materials are in form of polycrystals, which are composed of grains (crystallites) with different sizes, shapes, and orientations. Since the intrinsic grain structure of a material has significant impact on its properties, many investigators have been devoted to studying the dynamics of the grain network under various external stimuli, e.g., heat. In this scenario, grain growth is initiated during an isothermal anneal in two different ways. In the first, normal grain growth occurs when grains grow continuously, reaching a unimodal grain size distribution in the steady-state. A second route of grain coarsening is through abnormal grain growth (AGG), a discontinuous phenomenon in which few grains grow more rapidly compared to other grains, resulting in a bimodal distribution of grain size. In a few cases, the abnormal grain consumes the entire microstructure, resulting in a single crystal [1]. AGG occurs in many polycrystalline materials, yet its origin remains unclear [2, 3].


A recent article in the nursing literature (Gray, Al-Ghareeb, Davis, Mckenna, & Hillel, 2017) has generated concern in the broader academic community about author, reviewer, and editor responsibilities related to inclusion of retracted literature in systematic reviews. In an interview with the first author of that paper,RetractionWatch raised the issue of the difficulty of identifying retracted studies that might be included in systematic reviews (http://retractionwatch. com/2018/01/08/concerning-largely-unrecognisedthreat-patient-safety-nursing-reviews-cite-retractedtrials/). For many authors who follow a specific field of research, it is common to retrieve citations and download a copy of new research as soon as it is published, with the intention that this new informationwould inform their own work at some time in the future. When the time arrives to write a review, a grant application, or an article for submission, the files on the subject are neatly arranged in a folder, and the accompanying citations are organized in some version of a citation management program. This is work efficiency for the busy academic researcher. If the author does an additional search prior to finalizing the paper, a retraction notice might pop up, but in some cases, the retractions are not linked to the article, they are not identified as retractions, or they are never even published. As a result, retracted articles may not be identified and erroneously included in new studies.


In this effort the residual strain in exposed negative tone SAL 605 and unexposed positive tone APEX-E resists was characterized for a variety of processing conditions using surface micromachined bent-beam strain sensors fabricated with resist as the structural material. Results showed that SAL 605 is in 1035–1230 μstrain compression, whereas APEX-E is in 653–690 μstrain tension for the conditions tested. Residual stress in APEX-E was also determined by wafer curvature measurements. The ratio of the residual stress to strain at room temperature indicated that the Young's modulus of this material is 21±5 GPa. The temperature dependence of the stress indicated that the glass transition temperature for APEX-E is 118±2 °C, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is 11.0±2.5 ppm/K.


ED FROM Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN, Hansen RA, et al. Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants: background paper for the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:734–50. Correspondence to: Dr G Gartlehner, Danube University, Krems, Austria; firstname.lastname@example.com Source of funding: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. c Clinical impact ratings: GP/FP/Primary care 6/7; GP/FP/Mental health 6/7; Psychiatry 6/7; IM/Ambulatory care 5/7 Adverse events for different selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Adverse events Number of randomised controlled trials Comparisons Mean increase Weight gain 7 Mirtazapine v fluoxetine, paroxetine, trazodone, venlafaxine 0.8–3.0 kg for mirtazapine


Identification of historical sources of features of a language may focus on particular items (phones, morphemes) or on particular relationships and structures (relative clauses, serial verb constructions, vowel systems). What humankind shares universally either by genes or environment may significantly constrain the latter, as Bickerton, for example, has so imaginatively explored (1981). Likewise, universais of speech production and perception put limits on the inventory of phones to be found in any human language. By contrast, the morphemes found in different languages vary considerably from language to language, within mostly phonologically imposed limits. These considerations suggest that while study of syntactic structures of, for example, some creole languages may reveal a good deal about the human language capacity in general, it is correspondingly difficult to use for identifying historical sources of those creoles. Conversely, study of the form and meaning of individual lexical items in various languages will tell us less about human language generally, but will be correspondingly easier for us to use for historical purposes. Both areas of inquiry are worthy of our serious attention. In this paper I engage primarily in the more straightforward historical question, Where do particular lexical items in Ndjuka1 come from? In particular, I am looking at those items that appear not to be of European (English, Dutch, Portuguese, French) or Amerindian (Cariban, Arawak) origin i.e., those that I consider reasonable candidates for being of African origin. Study of the lexicons of West Atlantic, or circum-Caribbean, creoles has so far identified or hypothesized two major African sources of


Steroid alcohols are converted to their chloroformate esters by reaction with phosgene in the presence of a base. Replacement of chlorine by fluorine takes place smoothly by treatment with anhydrous thallous fluoride in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Significant shifts in the positions of both infrared spectra-carbonyl and carbon-oxygen single bond absorption frequency due to the fluorine are discussed.


The coverage path planning algorithm can be defined as making integration the robot's footprint identical to that of the target region [Choset]. The spanning tree coverage which is one of the coverage path planning algorithm is proved to be optimal in the sense that there is no repetitive coverage [Gabriely]. But the online version of spanning tee coverage shows spiral moving pattern which can cause severe localization problems. So we propose a free moving pattern's online spanning tree coverage algorithm which can freely make any moving pattern to lessen the localization or moving pattern's problem and meet the user request


Inferior vena cava agenesis (IVCA) is an uncommon congenital anomaly which was first described in the seventeenth century. The detection of such an anomaly is often incidental and patients are asymptomatic until the third to fourth decade of life. Due to the scarcity of these cases, there is no consensus on the subsequent treatment and surveillance of incidental asymptomatic IVC anomalies. Herein, we report on a young male with incidental findings of suprarenal IVC agenesis identified on contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen in the course of treatment for acute appendicitis.


Total intensity and polarization distributions at 1415 MHz are given for eleven 3C radio galaxies: 3C 61.1; 66: 184.1; 274.1; 284; 285; 310; 314.1; 390.3; 402; and 465. The polarization structures are more complex than the total intensity distributions and for resolved components the peak poiarizations do not coincide with the brightest regions, but are generally found on steep gradients of total intensity. The morphology of the sources is discussed. (auth)


Chemical treatment of cotton cellulose to alter its properties of the fibers without changing their fibrous form is a common practice nowadays in the textile industry. In this paper cotton (woven and knitted) fabrics are selected and reacted with sodium hydroxide, morpholine, and cellulase enzyme. The fabrics are then dyed by some selected dyes such as annatto, onion, pomegranate, indigo, myrobalan, bar berry (natural dyes); and reactive and sulphur dyes (synthetic) respectively and subsequently finished. These fabrics are then analyzed for k/s values, fastness properties, absorbency, water retention, wicking, mechanical and surface properties from KES-F.


We present the first results of the LBT Imaging of Galaxy Haloes and Tidal Structures (LIGHTS) survey. LIGHTS is an ongoing observational campaign with the 2 × 8.4m Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) aiming to explore the stellar haloes and the low surface brightness population of satellites down to a depth of µ V ∼ 31magarcsec − 2 (3 σ in 10 (cid:48)(cid:48) × 10 (cid:48)(cid:48) boxes) of nearby galaxies. We simul-taneously collected deep imaging in the g and r Sloan filters using the Large Binocular Cameras. The resulting images are 60 times (i.e. ∼ 4.5mag) deeper than those from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and they have characteristics comparable (in depth and spatial resolution) to the ones expected from the future Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Here we show the first results of our pilot programme targeting NGC1042 (an M33 analogue at a distance of 13.5Mpc) and its surroundings. The depth of the images allowed us to detect an asymmetric stellar halo in the outskirts of this galaxy whose mass (1.4 ± 0.4 × 10 8 M (cid:12) ) is in agreement with the Λ CDM expectations. Additionally, we show that deep imaging from the LBT reveals low mass satellites (a few times 10 5 M (cid:12) ) with very faint central surface brightness µ V (0) ∼ 27magarcsec − 2 (i.e. similar to Local Group dwarf spheroidals, such as Andromeda XIV or Sextans, but at distances well beyond the local volume). The depth and spatial resolution provided by the LIGHTS survey open up a unique opportunity to explore the 'missing satellites' problem in a large variety of galaxies beyond our Local Group down to masses where the di ff erence between the theory and observation (if any) should be significant.


Auger recombination in GaSb is of special interest because the energy gap Eg and the valence band splitting Delta are nearly equal. This fact favours the valence band Auger process which involves the split-off band and gives it a particular temperature dependence. It is found that this Auger process increases strongly at low temperatures, reaches a maximum and decreases weakly at high temperatures. However, the maximum is not at T=125K where Eg= Delta , but at T=95K where Eg is somewhat larger than Delta . This behaviour is confirmed by experiments. Consequences for GaSb lasers are discussed.


A Woman with Headache, Subjective Fever, and Anemia A 35-year-old woman presented with headache, subjective fever, and anemia. She had a hematocrit of 18.1% and a reticulocyte count of less than 0.5%. Ten days before admission, her 3-year-old son had had a febrile illness. Diagnostic tests were performed.


Reaction of the enolate of 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one with α,α,α-trifluoro-o-iodotoluene in a SRN1 process does not yield the expected substitution product, but a more complex molecule deriving from It. An accurate n.m.r. analysis of the products, along with other evidence, indicates a mechanism for this rearrangement, where an interaction of the trifluoromethyl group with the adjacent enolate moiety occurs, once the 'normal'SRN1 substitution product has formed. The peculiar effect of the CF3 substituent is not only confined to the ortho position. Even α,α,α-trifluoro-p-iodotoluene shows unusual behaviour and affords a rearranged product. A mechanistic explanation is offered, where some of the key steps are similar to those involved in the case of the ortho isomer.


This research investigated the collapsible subgrade soils along Osogbo-Iwo Road in South-Western Nigeria. The road pavement has had a history of incessant differential settlement due to the effect of water on the subgrade material hence the soil's dominant clay mineral was assessed, and an attempt was made to improve the soil with bentonite. Representative soils were taken from three failed sections of the road and their geotechnical characteristics were determined in the laboratory. The soil was classified according to American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) as A-5 (Silty-sand) and ML group (inorganic silts, fine sands with low plasticity) according to the USCS Classification system. The clay fraction (which is 10% of the soil mass) was extracted via sedimentation and centrifugation. From the result of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and consistency limits tests carried out, Kaolinite was observed to be the dominant mineral of influence. The relatively inert nature of the clay fraction was deduced to be a major contributor to its collapsible nature. Bentonite was added to the soil in concentrations of 1-3 % respectively. The results showed that the untreated samples gave OMC values of between 11.7-14.97 %, MDD (1644-1453.6) kg/m3, UCS (61.98-78.01) kPa, Soaked CBR (2-6) % and a Collapse Index (C.I) of 10-12 % which places the soil under a "Severe trouble" category. 1-2 % bentonite gave the best improvement having moved the soil from the "severe trouble" category to the trouble category.


The author discusses the quality of lake waters in North Dakota being used for irrigation and the criteria by which these waters are judged such as total salt concentration.


This study examines the ownership and performance implications of the exercise of CEO stock options. We find that the exercise of stock options has no impact on the levels of CEO equity and no rela...


It is generally recognized that normal alpha olefins of 6 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred for the preparation of polyolefin lubricating oils. To identify the preferred starting materials, the olefins have been oligomerized at constant reaction conditions, and properties such as poor point and viscosity index of the total products were compared and related to the chain length of the starting olefin. Others have oligomerized the olefins at several reaction conditions and compared pour points and temperature-viscosity relationships of the total product or dimer free polymer at a constant viscosity. In order to minimize the effect of molecular weight on physical properties, one study isolated a narrow boiling material representing approximately a C/sub 30/ fraction and compared the pour points and viscosity indices of these oligomers. The present study compares the wide-temperature range fluidity of individual oligomers of the same degree of oligomerization (molecular weight effects) and individual oligomers of the same molecular weight (molecular structure effects). Normal alpha olefin oligomers are also compared in wide-temperature range fluidity with other synthetic hydrocarbon lubricant compositions.


A new concept, `Manufacturing excellence', is presented to enhance the suitability of tangible goods production for pursuing human happiness and world peace, whilst eliminating the earth-destructive activity caused by conventional mass production, mass consumption and mass disposal which wastes enormous amounts of valuable natural resources. Several approaches to manufacturing excellence CIM-led factory automation, human-centred flexible manufacture, production for customer satisfaction, green production for environmental elegance, high added-value production, etc. -are discussed. Finally, socially appropriate manufacturing is proposed as a production perspective for the 21st century.


Abundance of the giant diatom Ethmodiscus was determined in samples from the central Pacific gyre and southwest Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean Sea. Pacific Ocean abundance averaged 0.08 cells m−3 at the surface. Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean Sea abundance ranged from 0.03–4.7 cells m−3 with extensive (150-fold) spatial and temporal variability. Average abundances for three cruises over 2 yr were 0.14, 0.77, and 1.85 cells m−3. Ethmodiscus rex (Rattray) Wiseman & Hendey was the dominant Ethmodiscus species in all samples from the Bahamas to Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Apparently viable cells were noted in both upward and downward facing sediment traps at 5400 m in the Pacific Ocean. The origin of Ethmodiscus oozes in deep-sea sediments is briefly discussed in relation to these new data.


This article presents to the reader's a part of the results of a comprehensive study of the foundations of Russian statehood using a network approach, including the use of content analysis to overcome the limitations of the concept of political networks as a meso-level concept. The purpose of the article is to review the method and methodology of content analysis in the context of applying the network approach to the study of the formation of Russian statehood in the pre-Roman era. In addition to justifying the use of content analysis, modern software, its capabilities and methods of work are considered. Based on the data provided, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of effective use of content analysis as an additional tool for collecting and forming a database for further building network models. In our opinion, the material of the article can also be useful to a wide range of researchers who plan to use content analysis in studies of the state and society.


Introduction: Most worms in children are caused by Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH), worms that experience life cycles in the soil. Worm infection due to STH is an Indonesian health problem that has not been resolved completely. MI Roudhlotul Jannah, Borojabung as elementary school students generally have the pleasure of playing the ground and causing dirty fingernails, the absence of hand washing facilities makes students tend not to wash their hands before eating so that it can cause the ingestion of STH eggs. This study aims to determine the prevalence of helminth infections in soil transmitted helminth in elementary school students of Roudhlotul Jannah, Borojabung, Malang. This study used a descriptive research design to determine the coverage of worm prevalence by using primary data in the form of concentrated faecal examinations and questionnaires


Abstract Background: There is lack of further observations on the microstructure and material property of callus during bone defect healing and the relationships between callus properties and the mechanical strength. Methods: Femur bone defect model was created in rabbits and harvested CT data to reconstruct finite element models at 1 and 2 months. Three types of assumed finite element models were compared to study the callus properties, which assumed the material elastic property as heterogeneous (R-model), homogenous (H-model) or did not change from 1 to 2 months (U-model). Results: The apparent elastic moduli increased at 2 months (from 355.58 ± 132.67 to 1139.30 ± 967.43 MPa) in R-models. But there was no significant difference in apparent elastic moduli between R-models (355.58 ± 132.67 and 1139.30 ± 967.43 MPa) and H-models (344.79 ± 138.73 and 1001.52 ± 692.12 MPa) in 1 and 2 months. A significant difference of apparent elastic moduli was found between the R-model (1139.30 ± 967.43 MPa) and U-model group (207.15 ± 64.60 MPa) in 2 months. Conclusions: This study showed that the callus structure stability remodeled overtime to achieve a more effective structure, while the material quality of callus tissue is a very important factor for callus strength. At the meantime, this study showed an evidence that the material heterogeneity maybe not as important as it is in bone fracture model.


Background Evaluation of acute chest pain in emergency department (ED), using limited resource and time, is still very difficult despite recent development of many diagnostic tools. In this study, we tried to determine the applicability of new semi-automated cardiac function analysis tool, velocity vector imaging (VVI), in the evaluation of the patients with acute chest pain in ED. Methods We prospectively enrolled 48 patients, who visited ED with acute chest pain, and store images to analyze VVI from July 2005 to July 2007. Results In 677 of 768 segments (88%), the analysis by VVI was feasible among 48 patients. Peak systolic radial velocity (Vpeak) and strain significantly decreased according to visual regional wall motion abnormality (Vpeak, 3.50 ± 1.34 cm/s for normal vs. 3.46 ± 1.52 cm/s for hypokinesia, 2.51 ± 1.26 for akinesia, p < 0.01; peak systolic radial strain -31.74 ± 9.15% fornormal, -24.33 ± 6.28% for hypokinesia, -20.30 ± 7.78% for akinesia, p < 0.01). However, the velocity vectors at the time of mitral valve opening (MVO) were directed outward in the visually normal myocardium, inward velocity vectors were revealed in the visually akinetic area (VMVO, -0.85 ± 1.65 cm/s for normal vs. 0.10 ± 1.46 cm/s for akinesia, p < 0.001). At coronary angiography, VMVO clearly increased in the ischemic area (VMVO, -0.88+1.56 cm/s for normal vs. 0.70 + 2.04 cm/s for ischemic area, p < 0.01). Conclusion Regional wall motion assessment using VVI showed could be used to detect significant ischemia in the patient with acute chest pain at ED.


It is suggested that as a result of impaired liver function the steroids would be metabolized much more slowly and so produce a Cushingoid appearance. Aseptic necrosis can occur as a result of liver disease and of steroid therapy, and so it does not seem unreasonable to suggest that both factors were important in our patients. There is no doubt, however, that the Addisonian crises were entirely due to pituitary-adrenal suppression following topical corticosteroid application. It is therefore important to be more aware of the systemic effects of topically applied corticosteroids in patients with liver disease.


The study of the microbiology and proximate composition of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis (F) Hook) leaves and seeds was carried out. Official methods of analysis were employed. The results of the proximate analysis of the fluted pumpkin leaves were 65.40% moisture, 6.51% ash, 4.24% protein, 1.3% fat, 2.57% fibre and 20.98% carbohydrate while the seeds contained 3.40% moisture 3.40% ash,37.85% protein, 39.80% fat, 3.44% fibre and 12.51% carbohydrate. The results of the total aerobic counts were 1.45±0.01x103 cfu/mg and 1.25± 0.01 x 102 cfu/mg for the bacteria and fungi respectively for of the leaves but the seeds recorded no growth. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter aerogenes were the bacteria isolates and Aspergillus sp, Candida albicans, Fusarium sp and Penicillum sp were the fungi isolates from the surface of the pumpkin leaves.


We demonstrate the growth of highly oriented CdSe and ZnTe films at ∼300 °C on amorphous substrates such as glass and flexible polyimide using ultrathin tetradymite buffer layers composed of SbxBi2-xTe3 alloys lattice-matched to the film overgrowth. This leads to significant improvement of the crystallinity, roughness, grain size, and pit density of the II-VI overlayer along with enhancement of the optoelectronic properties. For example, photoluminescence emission is observed at ∼1.74 eV for optimized CdSe films, the same as in a single crystal reference. An in-plane carrier diffusion length of ∼500 nm is inferred from transient optical data. The use of tetradymite buffer layers to control II-VI compound deposition on non-crystalline substrates is a promising route for large area optoelectronic applications such as photovoltaic, light-emission, or infrared detector devices.


Based on the analysis of service quality reqirements of different power data traffics,a class-oriented application layer end to end architecture is suggested.The classification principles and approch are presented.They are mapped into the service quality models of network layer and datalink layer.According to different level power data networks,including private wide area backbones,MANs and LANs,issues related to heterogegous service quality models and their mutual operations are disscussed,including DiffServ and MPLS,DiffServ and IEEE 802.1p.The solusions to end to end service quality across different netwok domains are proposed.


This paper reviews the development process of the reliability research and summarizes the status of the research.General concept and commonly used reliability index of product reliability are described in detail.The new requirements for electrical equipments in China are comprehensively analyzed,and the opportunity and the development space for reliability study of electrical equipments are clarified by considering current development trend of power grid in China,the demand for construction of smart grid,and the change in management mode of grid and electric power administrations.Based on the research of reliability,life cycle cost management for electrical equipments is analyzed,and the significance,necessity and urgency of the reliability research for electrical equipments are clearly described.


This report documents a study undertaken to estimate the thermal environment of the Howard Street Tunnel in Baltimore, Maryland, following the derailment in July 2001 of a freight train and the burning of spilled tripropylene and the contents of surrounding rail cars. A numerical fire model developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been used to simulate the fire's growth and spread in the tunnel. The fire model has been validated for this application using temperature data collected during a series of fire experiments conducted at a decommissioned highway tunnel in West Virginia. The cross-sectional area of the tunnel and the fire sizes used in the West Virginia experiments are similar to the Howard Street Tunnel. For the Howard Street Tunnel fire, the peak calculated temperatures within the tunnel were approximately 1,000 • C (1,800 • F) within the flaming regions, and on average approximately 500 • C (900 • F) when averaged over a length of the tunnel equal to three to four rail car lengths. Because of the insulation provided by the thick brick walls of the tunnel, the calculated temperatures within a few car lengths of the fire were relatively uniform, consistent with what one would expect to find in an oven or furnace. The peak wall surface temperature reached about 800 • C (1,500 • F) where the flames were directly impinging, and on average 400 • C (750 • F) over the length of three to four rail cars. The steel temperature of the rail cars would be expected to be similar to the surrounding gas temperature because of the long exposure time and the high thermal conductivity of steel. iii Contents Abstract iii 1 Introduction 1


Natural stones like marbles are often employed as facade panels to externally cover buildings. These natural materials tend to exhibit a quasi-brittle nonlinear fracture behaviour that, conversely to concrete counterpart, has much less been studied. In the present paper, an experimental campaign on the Mode I fracture of the so-called red Verona marble is carried out, and the results are discussed together with some previously published results on the white Carrara marble. The analysis of the two marbles allows us to discuss size effect and to point out the need for additional parameters in order to describe their fracture behaviour. The study focuses on a two-parameter model that accounts for a characteristic material length. An interpretation of the experimental results by means of both a work-of-fracture method and a size effect law is also presented. Full-field displacement maps of the fracture process zone (experimentally obtained through a digital image correlation technique) are discussed in order to establish a quantitative correlation with material microstructure features, obtained from thin section technique, and some characteristic material length, based on the previously mentioned models.


Phase change material cold storage system could improve the efficiency and stability of the solar-powered air-conditioning system and the building thermal environment. This article is a novel investigation of the phase change materials' usage in cold storage system and the phase change material cold storage working principles and features that are applied in the different solar-powered air-conditioning systems as cited in the recent publications. This involves phase change material cold storage system, solar-powered air-conditioning system, and the commercial market evaluation. To reduce the intermittent solar energy operation, the energy storage system is quite essential. Currently, the popular method is advanced phase change material cold storage. Using phase change materials in the energy storage systems, the heat exchangers and thermal control systems are the potential techniques. This article also reviewed the phase change material cold storage when applied in the solar-powered air-conditioning system based on the previous study. This article could benefit further research in the solar-powered air-conditioning field as integrated to the phase change material cold storage system and help to understand the commercial market development trend. For further studies, it was suggested that the optimal design of solar-powered cooling system could be employed by phase change material storage/release cooling dynamical control to improve the building thermal environment.


In this paper, the authors analyze the results of a three-year qualitative study examining Canadian female and male university student athletes' perceptions of gender and doping. Student athletes (n = 38) discussed their perceptions of doping, gender, and sport during in-depth, semistructured interviews. The results demonstrate the extent that student athletes continue to draw on gender stereotypes in assessing acceptable and unacceptable substance use in sport. Many of the student athletes interviewed acknowledged or applied extensive gender stereotyping in discussing their understanding of femininity and masculinity in sport. Women athletes, in particular, indicated they were hesitant to use both banned and permitted ergogenic supplements out of fear of becoming too muscular or masculine, while several male athletes expressed feeling pressure to appear muscular, especially if they wanted to be successful in traditionally male-dominated sports such as football. Applying previous theoretical work Lock by ...


This article deals with the in-line monitoring of a vital freeze-drying process using a soft-sensor that couples the experimental measurement of product temperature with a mathematical model of the process. This tool allows estimating in-line the residual amount of ice in the product and, thus, the duration of the primary drying stage, as well as some model parameters like the heat transfer coefficient between the shelf and the product and the resistance of the dried cake to vapor flow. As the performance of this sensor, based on the Extended Kalman Filter algorithm, strongly depends on the accuracy of the initial estimations of model parameters, an innovative algorithm based on a simple model of the freezing stage (and on product temperature measurement in this stage) is first used to roughly estimate the dried cake resistance to vapor flow. Then, a curvilinear regression algorithm is used in the first part of the primary drying stage with the goal of further refining model parameters' estimations. In this way, the robustness of the sensor is significantly improved, as confirmed by various experiments carried out to validate the soft-sensor and to investigate the effect of the accuracy of the initial estimations of model parameters on the performance of the system.


Diffusion models have established new state of the art in a multitude of computer vision tasks, including image restoration. Diffusion-based inverse problem solvers generate reconstructions of exceptional visual quality from heavily corrupted measurements. However, in what is widely known as the perception-distortion trade-off, the price of perceptually appealing reconstructions is often paid in declined distortion metrics, such as PSNR. Distortion metrics measure faithfulness to the observation, a crucial requirement in inverse problems. In this work, we propose a novel framework for inverse problem solving, namely we assume that the observation comes from a stochastic degradation process that gradually degrades and noises the original clean image. We learn to reverse the degradation process in order to recover the clean image. Our technique maintains consistency with the original measurement throughout the reverse process, and allows for great flexibility in trading off perceptual quality for improved distortion metrics and sampling speedup via early-stopping. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method on different high-resolution datasets and inverse problems, achieving great improvements over other state-of-the-art diffusion-based methods with respect to both perceptual and distortion metrics. Source code and pre-trained models will be released soon.


SARS-CoV-2 is the etiologic agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic which has wreaked unprecedented economic and healthcare calamity. It is a deadly virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, with high sequence similarity to the 2003 SARS epidemic coronavirus 1. The global race to produce vaccines to stem the disease-as well as the public health urgency-has spurred tremendous growth in the litany of literature which attempts to uncover the enigma of this deadly virus. Amidst this evergrowing list of literature , this paper seeks to concisely elaborate on key progresses made in the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in the realms of its life cycle, epidemiology, methods for detection, and vaccine research into an easily assimilable paper for readers.


In arithmetic and algebraic geometry, superspecial (s.sp.\ for short) curves are one of the most important objects to be studied, with applications to cryptography and coding theory. If $g \geq 4$, it is not even known whether there exists such a curve of genus $g$ in general characteristic $p>0$, and in the case of $g=4$, several computational approaches to search for those curves have been proposed. In the genus-$4$ hyperelliptic case, Kudo-Harashita proposed a generic algorithm to enumerate all s.sp.\ curves, and recently Ohashi-Kudo-Harashita presented an algorithm specific to the case where automorphism group contains the Klein 4-group. In this paper, we propose an algorithm with complexity $\tilde{O}(p^4)$ in theory but $\tilde{O}(p^3)$ in practice to enumerate s.sp.\ hyperelliptic curves of genus 4 with automorphism group containing the cyclic group of order $6$. By executing the algorithm over Magma, we enumerate those curves for $p$ up to $1000$. We also succeeded in finding a s.sp.\ hyperelliptic curve of genus $4$ in every $p$ with $p \equiv 2 \pmod{3}$. As a theoretical result, we classify hyperelliptic curves of genus $4$ in terms of automorphism groups in the appendix.


We develop a program, which can be used for two-dimensional scalar diffraction problems in a domain with complex structure by finite element method with partial radiation conditions. There are many different ways to solve a diffraction problem. They can be classified in two classes. The first one is the reduction of the boundary value problem to an integral equation. The second way is to solve this boundary value problem directly. The most universal method to solve a boundary value problem is the finite element method.


Introduction Three generations of landforms can be recognised in Scotland. The youngest landforms are post-glacial, created since the end of the last glaciation some 10,000 years ago by modern processes such as mass movement and fluvial activity. The most spectacular landforms are the glacial features, notably corries, troughs and ice-moulded terrain, created by the ice sheets and smaller glaciers during the Quaternary period. These glacial landforms have been carved from terrains that belong to the oldest generation of features, the pre-Quaternary landforms. The origins and ages of these ancient forms are not well understood, largely because associated datable deposits are generally absent. Yet the preQuaternary landforms are major relief elements in many parts of Scotland, and include isolated hills, scarps, basins and, most extensively, palaeosurfaces (Haynes, 1983; Hall, 1997). A palaeosurface is an ancient landsurface that has evolved in response to a particular combination of geomorphological conditions, often over periods of millions of years (Widdowson, 1997). Palaeosurfaces, often more loosely termed erosion surfaces, are a major element in the relief of the Scottish Highlands. Exhumed palaeosurfaces may exhibit high relief and include fragments of a 770 million year old surface buried beneath the Torridonian Sandstone of the NW Highlands (Figs 1 and 2). Dissected peneplains are near-level palaeosurfaces that have been uplifted and modified by valley cutting and erosion (Fig. 3). The even skylines provided by summits at accordant elevations in many parts of the Highlands may represent the final remnants of such dissected peneplains. Palaeosurfaces are most complete and extensive in the eastern parts of the Highlands where the intensity of glacial erosion has been least (Linton, 1959).


BACKGROUND: The method of reasonable selection of an agricultural tractor tire set is a tool to compare and choose a tire set with the best properties, to analyze the features of tire-soil interaction, to evaluate the feasibility of installing the proposed tire set and to identify ways of tractor design improvement. The relevance of tire set optimal selection for vehicles operating in agriculture is related to the soil compaction by chassis that lead to a change of its structure and agricultural yield reduction. In addition, it is related to low traction properties which increases fuel consumption, reduces performance and accelerate tire wear during operation on soft soils with wheel slip.
AIMS: The aim of the study is to increase the operation efficiency of an agriculture tractor as part of a machine-tractor unit with the pneumatic tire set selected with the developed method. The research subject is the influence of tire design properties on the tractor operational indicators.
METHODS: The article presents the method that allows to choose pneumatic tires from a wide range of different models and manufactures according to known and available technical properties for a newly-developed or modified agricultural tractor. A specific feature of method is determination of a generalized parameter of tractor operation and using it for comparison of different tires instead of using individual indicators. Driving wheels pneumatic tires of different sizes and properties for a four-wheel drive general purpose tractor are used in calculation. The method includes analytical determination of agrotechnical, technical, technical-and-economic operational indicators of tractor as well as economic components such as: maximum pressure on soil; a transverse static stability angle of a tractor, a slipping ratio, tire set cost. According to the calculated indicators and tire set cost, a generalized parameter is determined with the Harrington method and used for selection of pneumatic tire set.
RESULTS: As a result of the method application, tire sets for the K-7M Kirovets agricultural tractor were determined such as: the 710/70R42 tires regarding the main operational indicators of the tractor and the 710/70R38 tires regarding the main operational indicators of the tractor and tire set cost.
CONCLUSIONS: The given method can be proposed to tractor manufactures for tire set selection, chassis evaluation and identification of ways of design improvement.


A method of ellipse detection and location based on principal components analysis is proposed. According to the fact that major axis of an ellipse is the direction of principal components, the data points are projected on the coordinate frame of principal axis using the principal components analysis. A new evaluation method for elliptical profile error is proposed, and the ellipse objects are recognized according to the elliptical profile error of the data points after transform. The ellipse center coordinates are optimized by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and the ones of the ellipse before transform can be obtained by the anti-transform. The method simplifies the process of ellipse detection by transforming arbitrary ellipse to standard one, and the location precision is less than 0.05 pixels when the noise variance is 0.05.


The session on coupled atmospheric/chemistry coupled models is reviewed. Current model limitations, current issues and critical unknowns, and modeling activity are addressed. Specific recommendations and experimental strategies on the following are given: multiscale surface layer - planetary boundary layer - chemical flux measurements; Eulerian budget study; and Langrangian experiment. Nonprecipitating cloud studies, organized convective systems, and aerosols - heterogenous chemistry are also discussed.


Pasteurization, named after French scientist Louis Pasteur, was introduced in milk in the late 1800s. The First law for pasteurization of milk was passed in the year 1908 in Chicago. The batch process of pasteurization (low-temperature-long-time/ LTLT process) was developed in the initial phase to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis. During the early period, some of the countries used M. tuberculosis while the others used Coxiella burnetii as an index organism for pasteurization of milk, although C. burnetii was more heat resistant than M. tuberculosis. The current definition given by Codex Alimentarius Commission points towards both the organism. Initially pasteurization conditions were set as 61 oC for 30 minutes with reference to M. tuberculosis, but later it was changed to 62.8 °C for 30 min or 71.6 °C for 15 seconds with reference to C. burnetii.


The Internal Revenue Service, the agency charged with the administration of the tax laws, is delegated significant discretion by Congress in managing this massive undertaking. The Internal Revenue Code is 2,600 provisions, 4,785 pages, and 1.4 million words and that does not even consider the additional 20,000 pages and 8 million words of regulations interpreting the Internal Revenue Code. Moreover, the Internal Revenue Service processes over 228 million tax returns, receives over 1.5 billion financial information documents, collects over $2 trillion in revenues, and disburses in excess of $253 billion in refunds. While consistency in the administration of the tax laws is a laudable goal, the Internal Revenue Service, at least in some instances, does not treat similarly-situated taxpayers consistently. It has been twenty years since this issue was prominently featured in the academy. Since that time, an intervening statutory change and a number of significant cases have been filed involving hundreds of billions of dollars that primarily rely on a duty of consistency theory and have yet to be resolved. The result of these cases will likely change the entire landscape of tax practice and have an impact well beyond tax considerations, affecting how the Environmental Protection Agency resolves compliance matters to the manner in which the Department of Agriculture awards grants. While the duty of consistency issue has earned a growing mention in tax circles and in the popular press, there has been virtually no academic attention paid to the argument that consistency should be elevated above substantive law. I conclude that there is no duty of consistency, but do not believe that the Internal Revenue Service has carte blanche to favor one taxpayer over another. Instead, I conclude that, with one relatively minor statutory change to remove an outdated remnant of the law, courts should review agency determinations under a abuse of discretion standard specifically authorized by Congress that will promote more uniformity that the imposition of a duty of consistency by a random modicum of courts.


Over the past 15 years, the laboratory mouse has yielded a wealth of information on the pathogenesis of thrombosis. To a large extent, the driving force behind the use of mice to study thrombosis has been the remarkable advances in molecular approaches to selectively modifying gene expression, thereby allowing analyses of the function of specific blood and vascular wall proteins in vivo. Although all murine blood vessels might be considered small, studies of thrombosis in mice have been categorized as macrovascular and microvascular. The former pertains to conductance arteries and large veins, such as the carotid artery, aorta, inferior vena cava, and jugular vein. Studies of these blood vessels are relevant to human diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and deep venous thrombosis. Microvascular thrombosis models have involved analyses of arterioles (diameters approximately 30 to 100 μm) within vascular beds that can be exteriorized en bloc and imaged microscopically as thin sections, such as those of the cremaster muscle and mesentery.1,2 Microvascular studies are relevant to …


choreographer for the Vic-Wells Ballet is surprising. The story is complicated and the initial performance of the work, by the Ida Rubinstein company in 1928 with choreography by Bronislava Nijinska, had mixed reviews.3 Ashton knew this well?he had danced the role of a peasant in it?but he felt that the problem was caused by the ungainly dancing of Rubinstein, who played the Fairy.* He chose the ballet because he loved the score and, in an article written in November 1935, he hinted that the music as op posed to the story would take precedence.4 If Baiserwas an unlikely story for Ashton to tackle, it was even more so for Kenneth MacMillan, whose scorn for fairy stories is well known.5 But he, too, was drawn to the music and mounted his version in 1960, later reworking it for a revival in 1986. According to Lynn Seymour, who danced the Bride, her first major role for MacMillan, "Baiser was Kenneth's homage to Frederick Ashton."6 And she points out that because of the earlier Ashton version in which Margot Fonteyn danced the role of the Bride, many critics drew parallels between the Ashton-Fonteyn partnership and that of MacMillan and herself. But forming celebrated dance partnerships


Laser is one of the sources that induce a biological effect in higher plants. The positive effect of laser on some crops has been proved. This research was carried out to study the effect of laser radiation on the accumulation of proline in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Kavir) under different NaCl treatment levels. Semi-coherent red beam, infrared beam and one-second harmonics of Neodymium-Yttrium-Alminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser were chosen as illumination sources. Irradiation on seeds was conducted for 12 minutes once or twice and non-irradiated seeds were used as the control. Experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The results revealed proline accumulation in leaves after laser treatment and subsequently salt stress tolerance enhanced significantly. Each dosage of radiation imposed a different effect on proline content. The highest proline accumulation was observed in one-time exposure of Nd:YAG laser radiation. This is the first investigation report on using different types of lasers and their effect on proline content in the spring wheat. Results show the powerful effect of laser treatment on the improvement of wheat tolerance to salinity stress.


This paper reports on a software understanding experiment during corrective maintenance of largescale software. Participants were professional software maintenance engineers. The paper reports on the general understanding process, the types of actions programmers preferred during the debugging task, and the level of abstraction at which they were working. The results of the observation are also interpreted in terms of the information needs of these software engineers during the debugging task.


Diffusion coefficients are presented as a function of pressure to 10 000 atmospheres for the following systems: THO−H2O  0∘−25∘−50∘;0.1 N H2S35O4  −0.1 N H2SO4    0∘−5∘−25∘−50∘;0.1 N Na2S35O4 −0.1 N Na2SO4   0∘−25∘−50∘;1.0 N Na2S35O4 −1.0 N Na2SO4   0∘−25∘−50∘;0.1 N K2S35O4  −0.1 N K2SO4    0∘−25∘−50∘. The results are interpreted in terms of the activation volume and the tetrahedrally coordinated structure of water. It is found that pressure tends to break down the structure, and in certain regions an increase in diffusion coefficient with pressure is noted.In the salt solutions the water structure is controlling with some added effects due to solvation and ionic interaction.


This report presents findings from a study of effects of palatal surgery on maxillary bone growth in dogs. Three different surgical procedures were performed, one on each of three groups of 614-week-old normal Beagle pups. The study is a replication and extension of research reported in 1954 and 1956 by Herfert (5, 7). Both this study and those studies of Herfert involved surgical manipulation of mucoperiosteum and vasculature on one side only of pups' hard palates; both were designed to yield basic information about effects of specific surgical variables on skeletal growth in the face. The present report (Part I) includes findings from maxillary symmetry analyses of the mature cleaned skulls of 21 experimental and six control dogs. Specifically, information is presented about skeletal symmetry in three dimensions: maxillary width, maxillary height, and maxillary length. Part II (to be reported later) will contain findings from analyses of longitudinal growth records collected on the same animals and a full comparison of the findings from the study with those reported by Herfert.


It is proposed with high capacity to supply a portable device with power a micro-fuel cell system. A fuel supply comprises a fuel inlet which is formed in one side of a support, and a gas outlet which is formed on the other side of the support. A pair of cell units being located on opposite sides of the support of the fuel supply, and each of the cell units has catalyst layers and an electrolyte layer between the catalyst layers in order to generate fuel stream. Outer beams are arranged on outer sides of the cell units, said through-holes are formed in each of the carriers in order to delimit at least one oxygen supply for supplying oxygen to the electrolyte layers of the cell units. By a holder, the fuel supply, the cell units and the oxygen supply are integrally connected together. The fuel cell system delivers power with high capacity of power supplies for portable electronic devices, and can be mass produced at low cost.


Nasaleze TM is an inert cellulose powder which has been on sale in the UK since 1994 and is used as a remedy for hay fever. It is applied to the nasal passage where it forms a gelatinous coating, thereby trapping aero-allergens and preventing the initial allergic response. Some limited clinical studies have been conducted in predominantly adults but also in children: outcome measures included the reporting of symptoms by volunteers (sneezing, itching, blocked nose, etc) using questionnaires; prevention of symptoms when challenged to aerosolized allergens; concomitant use of rescue medication and the measurement of inspiratory air flow across the mucosa as well as the release of ECP in nasal wash- ings. The product has been reported to be safe and well tolerated by all volunteers and warrant further investigation in larger studies.


In order to overcome the overload of single node in the distributed hash table(DHT) network,we propose in this paper a new load balancing approach.In this method,a single node will proactively load balance to prevent the occurrence of network overload.It is experimentally proved that this method can be used to solve the overheating problems of a single node in the Chord DHT network load,and at the same time,the cost of this method has nothing to do with the size of the network,which is of valuable in practical applications.


This Opinion article outlines the relative paucity and emphasizes the need to enhance our knowledge of how subsets of natural killer T (NKT) cells mediate immune mechanisms of elimination of microbial pathogens at sites of inflammation or infection. To date, most studies of how NKT cell subsets migrate upon antigen stimulation have focused on NKT cell activation in the spleen, lymph nodes (LN) and liver (1). Thus, there currently exists an unmet need to determine the patterns of recirculation and tissue migration of NKT cell subsets and interacting antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that occur at relevant mucosal surfaces in several other organs, including the lung, intestine, and colon. This article proposes and highlights the benefit of intravital cellular imaging in vivo of type I and type II NKT cell subsets as an important methodology that may enable the visualization of NKT–APC cellular interactions at mucosal surfaces and enhance the application of this methodology to clinical therapy of antimicrobial immunity.


Coal as energetic raw material features by many parameters determining its quality. In classification of coal types there are many of them with typical division of energetic, semi-coking and coking coal. The data concerning coal are usually treated as independent values while this kind of approach is not always right. Authors proposed new solutions in this aspect and performed the multidimensional analysis of three selected types of coal featuring by various properties which originated from three various hard coal mines located in Upper Silesia Region. The object of the research was so-called raw coal which was not processed before. For each type of coal the detailed statistical analysis of seven chosen properties of coal was performed. To perform adequate and complete statistical analysis it is necessary to analyze the chosen properties of coal together in multidimensional way. It was decided to apply new and modern visualizing methods of multidimensional data which were observational tunnels method and parallel coordinates method. The applied methods allowed to obtain visualization of seven-dimensional data describing coal. By means of these visualizations it was possible to observe the significant division of the features space between researched types of coal. These methods allowed to look at the investigated data from various perspectives and make possible to determine significant differences between researched materials. For the investigated coals such differences were determined clearly what proved that by means of these methods it is possible to successfully identify type of coal as well to analyze in details its individual properties and identify, for example, particle size fraction etc. The obtained results are innovative and are the basis for more detailed researches taking into consideration also other coal properties, including its structure and texture. This methodology can be also applied successfully for other types of raw materials, like ores.


The tracking algorithm based on template matching has many advantages,for example,it can make possible gaining all-sided information,and it is compact and speedy.But now in fact,it results easily in misestimating by the algorithm of fixed template matching.After researching,this paper introduces the algorithm of self-adjusting template matching by which the above problem can be effectively settled,and designed the detailed algorithm about capturing initial template and forecasting position of object.In the practical tracking process,it has good result by this algorithm.


The goal of our study is to identify possible sources of aggressivity, such as the self-appreciation and modalities of coping used by the teenage participants. Our analysis refers to gender, self-image, coping modalities) and social variables (differences of support, class) of the surveyed teenagers. The used instruments were: Anger Expression Scale (Spielberger et al, 1985); Ways of Coping Scale (Lazarus & Folkman, 1985); Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg 1965). The participants were 447 students of 11th and 12th grade, with a mean age of 17,4 years old. The results show a significant correlation between the level of self-appreciation, modalities of coping and level of aggressive expression. The inward or outward orientation of aggression shows differences depending on the subject's gender. Self-appreciation is more positive among boys and is strongly related to the expression of aggression and used coping modalities. There is also evidence of significant interaction between suppressed anger and self appreciation. Inwardly expressed anger was more associated with avoidant coping, and outwardly expressed anger with planful problem - solving, distancing and self-controlling. The offensive actions and type of study also show noteworthy interactions. Analysis of variance suggested that easier anger expression is indicative of the occurrence of hostile acts in the last six months. The general manifestation of anger and the outwardly expressed anger considerably interact with differences of the social support from their fathers perceived by our participants. The support of mothers was especially significantly related to suppressed anger.


[...]a panel was organized at the international Conference "Globalisations et circulations des idées, des savoirs et des normes" [Globalization and circulation of ideas, knowledge, and norms] in September 2019 in Paris6. All the contributors to this special edition have participated in one of these events and committed themselves to continue this reflection collectively. [...]despite the variety of locations, languages (English, French and Spanish), and disciplines (sociology, anthropology, political science, and history), the papers, and their authors, speak to one another. [...]we discuss the specificity of gender knowledge as it is produced in the Global South and whether it is "different" or "similar" (Bilgin) and the limits and difficulty of reconstructing the canon from this perspective. Social Sciences and the (De)construction of Power Colonialism relied heavily on the collection of information and the production of knowledge (Said, Orientalism). [...]the formal decolonization of the Global South did not result in the decolonization of knowledge (Keim).


Brachial plexus block offers several advantages when creating vascular access for hemodialysis. Several studies have demonstrated that brachial plexus block improves arterial and venous diameter and blood flow. This study aims to evaluate the effects of axillary block on arterial and venous diameter as well as blood flow. This was a clinical trial conducted on 40 patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula creation to evaluate the effects of axillary block on arterial and venous diameter as well as blood flow. Ultrasound-guided axillary block was performed. The variables included arterial and venous diameter and blood flow. The preand post-intervention values of the values were compared. The mean venous diameter significantly increased from 2.22 ± 0.11 before block to 2.52 ±0.17 after block (P=0.008). Similarly, the mean arterial diameter significantly increased from 3.3 ± 0.17 before block to 3.89 ± 0.19 after block (P=0.001). In addition, the mean pre-block arterial and venous blood flow significantly increased compared to post-block from 37.5 ± 5.1 to 55 ± 7.9 (P=0.001) and 11.1 ± 0.2 to 14.9 ± 1.8 (P=0.001), respectively. Brachial block with axillary approach increases arterial and venous diameters and blood flow and these benefits may be decrease the early failure of arteriovenous fistula.