Advances in genomics have ushered in promising therapies tailored to the individual. Personalized medicine is promoted and has begun to positively influence care. For example, medications such as trastuzumab for the 30% of breast cancers that overexpress ERBB2 and vemurafenib for patients with late-stage melanoma who carry the V600E variant have been beneficial.1 Despite these advances, for many sectors of the population— children, older adults, pregnant and lactating women, and individuals with physical and intellectual disabilities— limited evidence-based therapies optimized to their specific medical needs exist. Combined, these groups comprise as much as 58% of the US population (eTable in the Supplement). Research focusing on or at the very least includes members of these groups is critically needed. Until the initial passage of the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act in 2002, pediatric drug doses were based on extrapolation from adults. Importantly, body composition and metabolic processes change as children develop, resulting in different safety and efficacy profiles.2 Similarly, medication needs change with age and with life events. Older patients often have a range of comorbidities and declining organ function that affect drug dosing and effectiveness. Physiological changes during pregnancy not only alter metabolism but include slowing of intestinal transport, doubling of blood volume, increasing renal excretion, and changing of circulating binding proteins. These processes alter pharmacodynamics and effectiveness. Without optimal levels, pregnant women and their fetuses may be exposed to a medication at a nontherapeutic or subtherapeutic dose. For example, a pharmacokinetic study of amoxicillin treatment for anthrax exposure during pregnancy found that the required concentrations were not achievable using the recommended dosing.3 For individuals with intellectual disabilities, pharmacokineticstudiesrarelyaddressalternativedeliveryroutes, such as gastrostomy tubes or rectal suppositories. Children with Down syndrome who develop acute leukemia have a higher incidence of treatment-related toxic effects from certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Populations affected by physical disabilities have little data available to inform pharmacological care. In a systematic review, individuals with spinal cord injuries demonstrated significantvariationindrugmetabolism,half-life,andclearance.4 In addition, people with intellectual or physical disabilities often require additional time needed for consent and follow-up, and the uncertainty regarding their comprehension. This likely affects their inclusion in clinical trials. In one analysis, only 2% of 300 clinical trials included people with intellectual disabilities, yet with only minor accommodations, at least 70% of these trials could have included them.5 In the same populations, however, medications are often prescribed with minimal evidence to support their use, especially psychotropic drugs with significant adverse effects. Recently, discussions have arisen about the need for inclusion in research and elimination these gaps. In 2017, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) held a workshop, "Inclusion Across the Lifespan," that highlighted current federal regulations that include protections for "vulnerable populations" (pregnant women, fetuses, neonates, prisoners, and children). Although these regulations were originally designed to protect these individuals, many investigators have called for reconsideration, opting to protect them through research, rather than from research. Inclusion will likely yield data that will benefit more people. Many underrepresented populations encounter barriers to participation in research. In a review of 338 phase 3 and 4 NIH-funded actively recruiting studies in Clinicaltrials.gov, explicit exclusion was found in 68% for pregnant women, 47.3% for lactating women, 75.7% for children, 27.8% for older people, 12.4% for those with intellectual or developmental disabilities, and 1.8% for those with physical disabilities (Figure). Additionally, the results of most of these trials did not mention individuals with disabilities in either the inclusion or exclusion criteria. Participation by those with cognitive impairment may be limited by lack of ability to provide informed consent or comply with the study protocol or procedures. Rather than explicit exclusion, individuals with physical disabilities are often excluded because of limited access to the study facility or the challenges associated with obtaining physiological measurements. An assumption that research studies should include rather than exclude a range of populations would represent a seminal shift. Investigators would still, however, have important decisions to make when designing a study. They would need to determine if the study would have potential benefits and whether the diverse physiological changes would dilute or eliminate an effect. To design an appropriately powered study to test for an effect in all subgroups, a large sample size would be needed. This would result in higher costs and diminished feasibility. Clear justifications exist for exclusion in specific research studies. One is biological, when a condition does not exist in a population. Excluding men from a study on preeclampsia is justified because men do not get pregnant. A second is when there is an unacceptable risk that outweighs the knowledge to be gained, such as testing a known teratogen in pregnant women. However, exclusion of populations simply because they may take more time to include or are considered vulnerable is unacceptable and stands in contrast to the ethical principles of equity and justice. If a therapy is potentially VIEWPOINT


This study analyzed the effect of Greenhouse of wood pellet fuel conversing from Diesel. Analyzed through a life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide for the environmental assessment, In evaluation of the Ministry of the Environment, analyzed through the life cycle assessment of carbon dioxide emissions of the greenhouse gas and, In the case of economic evaluation, we analyzed the investment payback period to the total revenue generated by each of the calculated incentive based on the RHI and institutions reduction projects a reduction of costs associated with the reduction of fuel costs.


The present inventors have found that neuromedin U receptor 2 (FM4) molecule is highly expressed in cancer cells such as pancreatic cancer. The present inventors, measured the proliferation inhibitory effect on cancer cells by the ligand for this molecule was found that the ligand has a cancer cell proliferation inhibitory effect. The inventor has the effect was found to be caused by a signal through FM4 molecule. From this finding, ligands for neuromedin U receptor 2 (FM4) molecules, it found that neuromedin U receptor was started pancreatic cancer 2 (FM4) molecules are effective in preventing the expression increased for the treatment of cancer and metastasis It was.


The library is one of the facilities in schools, universities or in the office and in the development of an increasingly advanced technology era and also libraries must follow technological developments that have begun to use e-libraries by reading e-books. For research in the case of the Putra Bangsa High School library, it does not have a digital library. In this study, SMA Putra Bangsa wants to create an E-library website for online reading. This study aims to search for books by implementing the Sequential Search method on the e-library application used to search for book data based on book titles, book categories and publishers which are array data 1 dimensions. In addition, to classify Putra Bangsa SMA data to find books that are recommended to website visitors by using the apriori algorithm method, this method determines the item set of the most popular books. So that this application allows readers to read efficiently and even read digital books through various devices that support browsing facilities using the internet


Liquid-solid contacting efficiency of the catalyst of ion-exchange resin in the catalyst capsule is measured by the tracer method. It is indicated that liquid-solid contacting efficiency is affected more by liquid flow rate than gas flow rate, which increases with liquid flow rate. When the liquid flow rate is greater than 1.9 ×10 -3 ?m 3/(m 2·s), it tends towards 1, but increases slightly with the increase of gas flow rate.


Abstract Collections devoted to culture form an important part of the National Museum collections. Especially those of the Czechoslovak Documentation Centre which were given to the National Museum by Vilém Prečan in 2003 are devoted to the Cultural and Political Opposition. These collections include a wide range of personal collections (Václav Havel, Milan Šimečka, Jiřina Šiklová, Ivan Medek and others). Institutional collections, such as Radio Free Europe, the Charter 77 Foundation or the Czechoslovak Documentation Centre own collections, are also important. The collections show how important cooperation between the dissent and exile culture was, especially during the period of so-called normalization and illustrate their interconnection at the same time.


A method of aging pen-reared European wild hogs (Sus scrofa) was developed by using the time and order of tooth eruption and replacement. Wild hogs are born with incisors three (i-) and canines (cl-). All deciduous incisors and premolars erupt by 120 days. Molars one (MI) and premolars (P1), the first permanent teeth, erupt at about 5 months. At 7 months permanent incisors three (L!) 1'3 canines (C ) replace their deciduous counterparts. Molars two (MI) and permanent incisors one (IU) are present in igs aged 12-15 m nths. Temporary premolars are replaced at 14-18 months, a d m e t lower incisors two (I-) erupt at 18-22 months. Upper incisors two (II.) d lower molars t ee (M--) erupt at 21-26 months. Permanent dentition is complete with the eruption of upper molar r A at 26 months or later. Since molars th ee (M-1) c ntinue to grow as the upper and lower jaws elongat this may possibly be used s a agi g c nique fo hogs over 26 months f age. T oth eruptio data ob ai ed fro wild trapped hogs correspo ded cl sely with the penn d h g d ta. Re earch on the Eur pean wild hog in T nnessee has be n handicapped by the lack of an aging technique. Although techniques are v ila l for agi g do estic species a d wild hogs in Euro e, it was ot known whether these methods could be applied reliably to the European wild hogs in Tennessee. I wish to thank James C. Lewis, Supervisor of Game Research, and Vernon Henry, European wild hog project leader, for reading the manuscript and offering suggestions. I am grateful to the following Game and Fish employees for assistance in handling the hogs: L. A. Hunt, E. Mountain, H. E. Rice, G. B. Peaden, R. R. Pugh, and D. J. Williams.


In this paper, the coupling responses of water and high bent-type aqueduct under wind loads were studied by the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. The natural vibration characteristics and transversal displacement, stress, overturning force, overturning moment and hydrodynamic pressure of water-aqueduct coupling system were comparatively analyzed in different conditions of water-depth, cross-section shape of aqueduct tank and support bearing. The research results show that the isolated support changes the dynamic characteristics and reduces wind resistance performance of U-shape aqueduct and the dynamic performance is better under the effect of the fluctuating wind but smaller stiffness for U-shape aqueduct than that for the rectangular aqueduct with the same water flux.


As a fundamental optical device, a lens lies in the heart of many important applications in various scientifi c communities such as physics, optics, biology, medicine, and security. People have been fascinated by using different technologies to develop lenses with unusual features, such as ultrathin metalenses based on metasurface [ 27,28,39,40 ] and multifoci diffractive lenses [ 41,42 ] based on diffraction optics. A multifoci diffractive lens allows a single incident beam to focus at different positions along the longitudinal axis or along the transverse direction, which has been widely used in imaging systems, detectors, optical data storage, laser printing and optical freespace communications. [ 41–44 ] However, all the polarization states of the focal points are the same as that of the incident light. Moreover, the traditional method to design and fabricate such a lens is based on diffractive optics, thus the thickness is much larger than the wavelength of light. While there has been great progress in the miniaturization of optical lenses by using metasurfaces, much attention has been paid to constructing a lens with a single focal point by using different geometry structures such as V-shape, [ 22,23,45,46 ] nanorods, [ 27,32,36 ] and nanoslits. [ 47 ] Although the work on metasurface lenses is in its infancy, it offers in the long run major opportunities if multifunction nanostructured lenses can be experimentally realized in ultrathin and fl at confi gurations. Here, we apply the concept of controllable interfacial phase discontinuity to realize an ultrathin fl at metasurface lens with multiple focal points along the longitudinal direction. Unlike the traditional multifoci diffractive lenses, the position and the polarization of the focal points can be controlled by changing the helicity of the incident light. Furthermore, the developed devices are ultrathin (40 nm) and planar, which can facilitate the system integration. Figure 1 shows the schematic of the plasmonic metasurface lens. It consists of nanorods with spatially varying orientation in three different regions marked by I, II, and III, as shown in Figure 1 a. The radius of region I (R-I) is r 1 , and the inner radius and outer radius of region II (R-II) are r 1 and r 2 . r 2 and r 3 are the inner radius and outer radius of region III (R-III). The relationship among r 1 , r 2 , and r 3 is governed by


A target cell assay based on the formation of infectious centers (IC) was used to characterize the Fv‐2resistance gene of mice. Dose‐response curves were obtained for the number of IC generated from incubated mixtures of bone‐marrow cells and Friend virus (FV). The hemopoietic stimulus of bleeding increased the frequency of potential 〈target〉 cells capable of forming 1C in DBA/2 but not in D2.Fv‐2r mice; however, even without the bleeding stimulus D2.Fv‐2r mice contained fewer target cells in their bone marrow than DBA/2 mice. During the first 48 h postinfection a massive dose of FV overcame the inhibitory effect of the FV‐2r gene as measured by the release of FV from the spleen. However, the concentration of 1C recoverable from the spleens of these infected mice was still much lower in the D2.Fv‐2r strain. When irradiated F1 hybrid hosts were used as recipients for the proliferation of infected donor cells, splenic 1C were not generated as efficiently from infected bone‐marrow cells of D2.Fv‐2r origin as from those of DBA/2 origin. However, the amounts of SFFV recoverable were approximately the same. Similarly, after in vitro infection there was no great difference between the amounts of SFFV released from bonemarrow cells of DBA/2 and D2.Fv‐2r mice. We conclude that the primary effect of the Fv‐2r gene may be to inhibit the formation and proliferation of 1C in vivo, and that SFFV replication could be inhibited secondarily.


A pair of primers were designed for detection of avian influenza viruses(AIV).4 isolates belonging to different subtypes were used to infect MDCK cells,then total RNA were extracted from supernatant fluids after infecting 6,12,24,48,72 h.Throat,tracheal swabs samples from chicken were extracted too.SYBR Green I RT-PCR of M gene was done with Rotor Gene 3000 PCR amplifier.We attempted to establish a SYBR Green I RT-PCR method to detect AIV.At the same time,the results of SYBR Green I RT-PCR were compared with those of conventional RT-PCR and virus titration.The results showed that the assay was sensitive,specific and rapid(enough) to detect AIV RNA genome in cell culture supernatant and swabs samples,while other viruses were not detected.As such,the described method is reliable and provides faster detection of AIV than other conventional methods.


This article seeks to promote a meeting between Heidegger's philosophical thinking and the poetics of Augusto dos Anjos. Heidegger's thinking, at a time called turning, departs from the terminology of phenomenology and hermeneutics. The proposition of the philosopher, henceforth, begins to turn to language and to be called the topology of being. Therefore, the work of art, with special emphasis on poetry, is the source from which the unveiling and the revelation of world and earth, in the Heideggerian terms, spring forth. Based on this understanding, a study was made of Heidegger's contributions to existential phenomenology, with emphasis on the second moment of his production or path. From then on, it appeared necessary to tangentiate the singularity of Augustus of the Angels, expressed in his history and his poetics, in dialogue with Heidegger's philosophical thought. Augustus of the Angels rescues the world in its pure state and language as a possibility of meaning. In a convergent direction, Heidegger walks toward the unveiling of the Being, which occurs in the face of the anguish of existence and the extreme possibility of non-being, in the face of its being-to-death condition. The dialogue between the philosopher and the poet was thought provoking and fruitful.


Morphing aircraft can change shape and size substantially in-flight to enable a single vehicle to perform multiple mission roles. The majority of shape change occurs in the wing, resulting in a wide variety of changes in aerodynamic and structural features. In addition, as the wing moves during flight, the stiffness is reduced. One strong candidate for morphing wing design is a folding wing configuration. Several parametric studies were performed to identify aeroelastic features and potential peculiarities of a generic folding wing configuration. Study parameters include inboard and outboard wing folding angles, hinge line flexibility, and sweep angle of the outboard wing. Both the inboard and outboard hinge moments were also computed throughout the wing folding procedure while maintaining 1-g trim flight condition. This information was used to compute the energy requirement for folding the wing as a function of Mach number and aircraft center of gravity (c.g.) position. As a preprocessor, MATLAB is used to generate high fidelity structure and aerodynamic models. MATLAB generates input files for both ZAERO and MSC/NASTRAN to perform aeroelastic analysis. These studies show that as inboard wing folding angle increases the flutter dynamic pressure also increases. For the extended wing configuration, the flutter dynamic pressure is much more sensitive to changes in inboard hinge stiffness than outboard hinge stiffness. For the fully folded wing configuration, however, the outboard hinge stiffness affects flutter results more than that the inboard one. Results of the trim study show that minimum hinge actuation energy for the wing folding can be achieved at lower Mach number and most forward c.g. position.


The rhythm of sedimentary cycles reflecting the climatic precession signal (19 and 23 kyr components) from the upper Miocene of the Bou Regreg section at Ain el Beida near Rabat, Morocco, had been analyzed to determine the age of the geomagnetic polarity reversals of Subchron 5N1 (C3An.1n). A new method of analysis of cycle "signatures" uses adjusted data series as represented by a signal obtained from grey-level traces through image-enhanced photographs of the sediment cycles. The measured, "timeless" signal is reduced and geometrically transformed to a signature template in order to compare its pattern with similar time constrained segments of the target precession signal (retrodicted for 35° N). Conventional statistical and spectral analysis tests are used to regress to the best possible fit. A date estimate of 5.94 Ma for the Chron 5/Gilbert boundary (C3An.1n/C3r), which occurs near the times of the closure of the Rifian Corridor and the beginning of the "drawdown" phase of the Messinian Salinity Crisis, is found to be in close agreement with independent approximations derived from extrapolation of sea floor spreading, radiometric dating, and younger Earth-orbital tuning ages.


Diabetes at Your Fingertips is an updated version of the 1985 edition of The Diabetes Reference Book and is referred to as the 'comprehensive diabetes reference book for the 1990s'. The overriding aim of the book is to help in the education of diabetics, to enable them to become better educated and thus be able to have more control over their diabetes.


In this paper, we introduce a new geometric 3D feature combined with a clustering approach. Besides 3D data provided by a LiDAR point cloud, reflectivity information is used to further enhance the descriptivity of the feature. The proposed feature can be extracted and compared in real-time. Similar parts of an object, such as features belonging to an automobile headlight, are automatically clustered in an object model without explicit specification. Additionally, we provide a method for autonomous vehicles to automatically learn the shapes of observed moving objects and use them for real-time classification. The resulting object models consisting of the extracted feature clusters are interpretable by humans.


Consent is one of GDPR's lawful bases for data processing and specific requirements for it apply. Consent should be specific, unambiguous and most of all informed. However, an informed consent request does not guarantee having individuals who are aware of what it means to consent and the implications that follow. Consent is often given blindly now, in particular because of information overload from long privacy policies written in legal language and complex interface designs that cause consent fatigue on the users' side. This paper presents a knowledge graph-based user interface for consent solicitation, which uses gamification to raise the legal awareness and ease individual's comprehension of consent. The knowledge graph models informed consent in a machine-readable format and provides a unified consent model to all entities involved in the data sharing process. The evaluation shows that with the help of gamification, the interface can raise individuals' average legal awareness to 92.86%.


ABSTRACT We examined the potential allelopathic effect of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) on two submerged plant species common to Great Lakes coastal wetlands: Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus). Whole N. lutea seedlings and aqueous leaf extracts were employed as sources of putative allelochemical agents. N. lutea seedlings had no effect on the growth of target plants over seven-day exposures. Aqueous extracts at both 2% and 10% titers significantly stimulated (P < 0.05) shoot growth rates in M. spicatum compared with extract-free control plants. N. lutea extracts were ineffective in altering P. pectinatus growth rates. These findings suggest that, at natural plant population densities, it is unlikely that N. lutea allelopathy plays a significant role in watermilfoil or sago pondweed population dynamics.


Hysteresis is a nonlinear effect that can result in the degraded performance of piezoelectric actuators (PEAs). To counteract the effect, several control methods have been developed and reported in the literature. One promising method for compensation is the use of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-based sliding mode control (SMC), in which the PEA hysteresis is treated as an unknown disturbance to the PEA input. If the hysteresis can be modelled or partially modelled, the integration of the hysteresis models into the control schemes may lead to further improved performance. On this philosophy, this paper presents the development of two modified discrete PID-based sliding mode controllers (PID-SMCs) for the PEAs, namely an inversion-based PID-SMC and a disturbance-observer (DOB)-based PID-SMC, in which the PEA hysteresis is predicted or partially predicted through the use of existing models for the PEA hysteresis. Experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes. The results were compared to those of the nominal PID-SMC. By employing the inversion hysteresis and the DOB, the PEA performance was greatly improved.


This interactive workshop will provide participants the opportunity to experience activities that incorporate Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics through the use of Scratch, Makey-Makeys and a combination of conductive and non-conductive materials to create designed solutions to a series of design challenges.  Firstly, we will explore Scratch and learn to program simple navigation techniques incorporating geometry and graphing coordinates, then we will explore coding with Art – both visual and musical.  We will then combine our knowledge and understanding with design thinking and build interactive works of Art that incorporate simple circuits, learning the properties of materials and designing and building 3-D interfaces to interact with our programmed digital solutions. Participants will learn through, a practical approach, some simple strategies that they could incorporate in their classes as they explore ways to integrate concepts from the Australian Curriculum – Design and Technologies and Digital Technologies.  They will consider weaving into their teaching and learning programs elements from Science, The Arts and Mathematics to create rich and engaging learning opportunities for their students. Teaching with the Australian Curriculum does not have to be a dry and constricting experience.  This workshop will provide practical activities to help participants consider news ways of unlocking the creative spark in our students through design, systems and computational thinking as we help them to learn skills they will need now and in their future. The audience for this workshop would include teachers and school leaders responsible for students in Years 4-8.


by paediatricians that 'a small child does not yet feel psychic or spiritual pain, does not yet notice his mother's absence, changes in his living situation, sources of humiliation or security' (p. 310). The Bick infant observation method of research presented allows us to see the baby as a real person full of loving, angry, hateful, generous, fearful and selfish feelings. The psychic pain of a hurt, disappointed, uncontained baby or young child can now be given the full emotional attention it deserves by parents and professionals alike. This is in part due to the expansion of our thinking provided by the exemplary integration of child development, personality development and psychoanalytic infant observation theory present in Young Children and their Parents, a must for both parents and professionals.


The galactic star-forming region W49A is considered to be the Milky Way analogue of extragalactic starburst environments. W49A contains an ensemble of ult ra compact HII (UCHII) regions along with copious diffuse material and young stars. Spitze r/IRS mapping observations of a 3 ′ x 2 subsection of W49A have been obtained in the 5-14 μm range. These observations cover approximately 20% of W49A and encompass many of the previously detec ted UCHII regions along with diffuse structure, all of which display the characteristic mid infrared (MIR) PAH emission. The spectral properties of the emission at each pixel of the map h ave been analyzed, allowing the detailed comparison of the MIR emission of the different UCHII regions and surrounding material. The UCHII regions possess different properties in terms of t heir stellar populations (and hence the incident UV fields), ionization, extinction etc. result ing in different PAH emission characteristics. These results are compared to the characteristics o f the diffuse PAH emission surrounding W49A, along with previous studies of PAHs in HII regions. Furt hermore, we investigate the link between the PAH emission and the physical conditions of the H II regions (e.g. line ratio proxies for ionization). Finally, we show that the spatial structur e of the various MIR emission components in these UCHII regions (e.g. the continuum emission, P AH bands and forbidden lines) can be simply modeled assuming emission from spherically symme tric shells. This model can recover the parameters of the emitting regions, e.g. the characteri stic adii and thickness of the emitting shells. Model fits then show that the 8.6 μm PAH emission originates closer to the exciting stars than the other PAH bands. In addition, for one of the UCHII reg ions, we find that the 6.2 and 7.7 PAH bands no longer correlate on the lines of sight near the ce nter, an effect noted previously in only one other object, also an HII region. It is also shown tha t e continuum emission and the plateaus supporting the 5-10 μm PAH features are spatially disconnected in these objects.


This study focused on the processing time reduction of soils microcosm process, during the biological restore of diesel-contaminated soil under natural conditions. Biodegradation activity of hydrocabonoclastic microflora and biostimulation with inorganic nutrient (NPK) were studied through the determination of optimal conditions which improve bioremediation process. Indeed, after 56 days, about 98% removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in soil treated by microcosm's technique were observed relative to approximately 2.22×107CFU/g soil of bacterial number. This performance was achieved with microbial (bacteria) metabolism which accompanies biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Moreover, the hydrocarbon fractions (alkanes and aromatics) were rapidly degraded then the other complex fractions according to GC/MS and FT-IR analysis


This study is focussed on the Lithuanian agricultural sector which currently operates under both competition and support of the European Union and its Member States. The aim of the research is to identify the underlying factors causing changes in gross value added generated in agriculture. The enumerated methods were employed for the research: statistical analysis, ratio analysis, index decomposition analysis. The research covers period of 1995–2009. The efficiency of the Lithuanian agricultural sector as well as the whole economy was assessed by considering the two ratios, namely return on fixed assets (ROFA) and effectiveness ratio. The former one was computed by dividing total output from fixed assets, whereas the latter one was measured by dividing gross value added from total output. Agricultural fixed assets provided decreasing rates of return since 1996 until 2000. Afterwards ROFA in agricultural sector fluctuated around the value of 18 per cent and gained momentum in 2004 consequently reaching its peak in 2008 (22 per cent). Meanwhile, ROFA for the whole economy reached 41 per cent in 2008. The effectiveness in agricultural sector has been decreasing ever since 2003. As of 2009, effectiveness of agricultural sector was 35 per cent, whereas the same figure for the whole economy amounted to 52 per cent. Changes in fixed assets had similar impact on gross value added in agriculture and the whole economy, indexes of 1.9 and 2.2, respectively. ROFA and effectiveness, however, caused decrease of 36 and 12 per cent, in that order, in nominal gross value added. Meanwhile, these effects were positive for the whole economy. Given the results of our analysis, it can be concluded that fixed assets in Lithuanian agricultural sector could be used more efficiently.


We propose a new method for monitoring changes in geometric profiles of objects, where the geometric profiles may change through various modes in a dynamic process. This work is motivated by the need for monitoring changes in geometric shape and sizes of nanoparticles during their chemical self-assembly process; the changes often occur through many different modes before converging to the final state. The proposed multimode geometric-profile monitoring method addresses three issues specific to this process, all of which have never been addressed together by existing process-monitoring methods—profiling of functional data, monitoring of multimode processes, and monitoring of time-correlated processes. The new profile-monitoring method consists of two phases. In phase I, we characterize multiple modes of geometric shape changes under in-control process conditions given a sequence of geometric observations on products. We propose using a mixture of time-series models for this characterization and present an exact Gibbs sampling procedure for Bayesian estimation of model parameters. In phase II, we test whether a new observation of product geometries sampled at a certain time in the current process run exhibits significant out-of-control symptoms. We propose a Bayes factor score-based criteria for this testing. The proposed method is empirically verified using simulated datasets and a real dataset from a nanoparticle self-assembly process.


IT seems strange to think that, as I write, I am almost at the end of my time as a student at St Martin's College, Carlisle. Having completed my degree in Applied Social Science I decided to pursue a career in primary teaching.


The housing problem is the biggest obstacle to urbanization of the new generation of migrant workers.There is interactive association between human capital accumulation and living environment,and the integration living of heterogeneous group produces evoked human capital investment Solving the housing problem needs realizing the value exchange of migrant worker human capital for housing under the housing guarantee policy,public policy should aim at ascending human capital value creativity of urban migrant workers by way of fusion living and industry transformation,constructing the synergy mechanism among the industrial policy,housing policy and human capital investment policy.


In chemistry, nature-inspired solutions are often the most trivial and effective ones. Histidine rich sequences are used commercially in immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) as molecular 'anchors' that bind to a metal ion (usually nickel), immobilized by chelation with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) bound to a solid support. The typical (His)6 tag, present at the C- or N-terminus of a protein which is meant to be purified, has been successfully used for decades. Consecutive histidines are the common denominator for both His-tags used in molecular biology and for quite remote biological phenomena – polyhistidine sequences are found in some bacterial chaperones, in Zn2+ transporters, prion proteins, in histidine-rich glycoproteins (HRG), which posses a massive amount of functions, in some snake venoms and antimicrobial peptides. This work debates on two questions – first, why were such sequences chosen by nature to exist in some parts of specific, sometimes evolutionally remote proteins, and second, are we right about choosing the polyhistidine motif as the strongest metal binder?


Least square support vector regression (LSSVR) is a soft sensor model that has been broadly used in many different applications but is limited to wastewater treatment processes. Moreover, a minimal study applies LSSVR to predict dissolved oxygen (DO) which is the oxygen gas dissolved in the water. The abundance of aquatic species is strongly related to DO concentrations. DO levels are frequently used to indicate freshwater quality, stream and river health, and the severity of aquatic pollution. This paper proposes LSSVR to predict DO based on aeration rate, dilution rate, and recycled ratio. Its predictive performance was investigated in this study and the comparison of results with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) was also carried out. It is discovered that there is an improvement of up to 59.65% of root mean square errors (RMSE) of LSSVR for training and testing datasets compared with PLSR. Meanwhile, there is an improvement between 1.04% and 59.53% of RMSE of LSSVR for training and testing datasets compared with PCR. In addition, the coefficients of determination that are denoted as R2 of LSSVR for training and testing datasets are also larger than PLSR and PCR.


This paper describes a high dispersion spectrograph (HDS) now under construction towards the first-light phase of Subaru Telescope. It is located at a Nasmyth focus. HDS is an echelle spectrograph with grating as a post-disperser. The collimated beam size is 272 mm, and the echelle is 300 mm by 840 mm in total size (31.6 gr/mm, R-2.8). The overall throughput (resolution X slit width product) achieved is 38,000 arcseconds. HDS has two cross-dispersers (400 gr/mm, 250 gr/mm) which are optimized for blue- and red-wavelength regions, respectively. The camera is of catadioptric type system, consisting of three correctors and a mirror. It spans the entire chromatic range from 0.30 to 2.0 micrometer. It delivers 10-micrometer images on average within a flat 60 mm- diameter focal plane area in the wavelength range from 0.3 to 1.1 micrometer, without refocusing. This image quality corresponds to typical limiting spectral resolutions well above 300,000 though the resolution will generally be limited to less than this by the entrance slit width and finite CCD pixel sizes. The detector will be a 2 X 1 mosaic of 2k X 4k CCD's with 15-micrometer pixels. Typical limiting spectral resolution will be 100,000.


Three preservatives including Nisin,sodium lactate and potassium sorbate,which exhibited better respective preserving effect in the six preservatives,were simultaneously added to the roast chicken based on single factor test.The optimal amounts of added Nisin,sodium lactate and potassium sorbate were investigated using response surface analysis.Results showed that the roast chicken with 0.03%of nisin,0.05% of potassium sorbate and 3.00% of sodium lactate exhibited a minimum total number of bacteria and its shelf life at 0~4 ℃ was up to around 20 d.


New ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures having perfluoroalkyl groups were prepared. Apparent tilt angles of these mixtures largely depended on the electric field. The tilt angle increased linearly under electric field in the range from 0 to 12 V, and decreased under higher electric field over 12 V. The mechanism of this θ-V property has been proposed and a new light-modulator has been designed using the linear dependence of the tilt angles on the electric field.


Histogenesis of the duct system of metanephros was studied in goat embryos of different age groups ranging from 6 to 350 mm crown rump length (CRL). The primordium of duct system originated in the form of ureteric bud from caudal part of the mesonephric duct in embryos of 8 mm CRL (17 days). It divided into the cranial and caudal primary branches at ampullated end by 18 mm CRL (30 days). Each one of these redivided dichotomously in to secondary branches in embryos of 22 mm CRL (34 days). Subsequent branches (3rd, 4th and 5th orders) became evident by 35 mm CRL (46 days). These formed network of channels throughout the gland by 45 mm CRL (50 days) and arranged as medullary rays in embryos of 70 mm (56 days) to 120 mm CRL (74 days). The straight collecting ducts, coursed upward into the cortex and terminated finally as arched collecting ducts by 160 mm CRL (89 days) . The ducts of all orders showed cpithelial reaction for PAS-positive and Sudanophilic material in embryos of 180 mm CRL (96 days) and onwards. Their orientation and structure did not change further in embryos of subsequent ages except a gradual increase in staining intensity for PAS-positive and sudanophilic materials.


The kinetics of the atmospherically important gas-phase reactions of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene with OH and NO3 radicals, O3 and N2O5 have been investigated at 296 ± 2 K. In addition, rate constants have been determined for the reactions of OH and NO3 radicals with tetralin and styrene, and for the reactions of NO3 radicals and/or N2O5 with naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene, toluene, toluene-α,α,α-d3 and toluene-d8. The rate constants obtained (in cm3 molecule−1 s−1 units) at 296 ± 2 K were: for the reactions of O3; acenaphthene, <5 × 10−19 and acenaphthylene, ca. 5.5 × 10−16; for the OH radical reactions (determined using a relative rate method); acenaphthene, (1.03 ± 0.13) × 10−10; acenaphthylene, (1.10 ± 0.11) × 10−10; tetralin, (3.43 ± 0.06) × 10−11 and styrene, (5.87 ± 0.15) × 10−11; for the reactions of NO3 (also determined using a relative rate method); acenaphthene, (4.6 ± 2.6) × 10−13; acenaphthylene, (5.4 ± 0.8) × 10−12; tetralin, (8.6 ± 1.3) × 10−15; styrene, (1.51 ± 0.20) × 10−13; toluene, (7.8 ± 1.5) × 10−17; toluene-α,α,α-d3, (3.8 ± 0.9) × 10−17 and toluene-d8, (3.4 ± 1.9) × 10−17. The aromatic compounds which were observed to react with N2O5 and the rate constants derived were (in cm3 molecule−1 s−1 units): acenaphthene, 5.5 × 10−17; naphthalene, 1.1 × 10−17; 1-methylnaphthalene, 2.3 × 10−17; 2-methylnaphthalene, 3.6 × 10−17 and 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene, 5.3 × 10−17. These data for naphthylene and the alkylnaphthalenes are in good agreement with our previous absolute and relative N2O5 reaction rate constants, and show that the NO3 radical reactions with aromatic compounds proceed by overall H-atom abstraction from substituent-XH bonds (where X = C or O), or by NO3 radical addition to unsaturated substituent groups while the N2O5 reactions only occur for aromatic compounds containing two or more fused six-membered aromatic rings.


This paper discusses forced labour migrations in the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Stalin era. It attempts to set this regional case in the context of deportations and 'special settlements' in the USSR as a whole. It points out that forced labour migrants were not only sent to the Buryat Republic from western regions of the USSR; various categories of the 'repressed' were also deported from the Republic and displaced within it. The paper focusses on relations between forced migrants and the rest of society, with particular attention to Germans and Lithuanians sent into Buryatia and to Buryats exiled from the same regions.


Through test on tensile ability and elastic modulus of concrete,and combining analysis on crack theory,the paper concludes effect of concrete force mechanism to early cracks,it then proposes evaluate crack resistance of the concrete by using rabbi shells,it provides theory guidance for the construciton of road project and bridge project.


In present world scenario, when manufacturing companies encounter capacity problems, they immediately look for increasing overtime, number of shifts and purchase new machine and equipments. Instead, focus must be on the better utilization of resources and increasing performance of the existing machines, so that there is better equipment performance, reduction in bottlenecks, decrease overall downtime, improve operator performance and minimization of setup time and other major forms of losses thus enabling in decision on the investment of buying new machines. Overall Equipment Effectiveness measures the gap between the actual performance and the potential performance of a manufacturing unit. OEE is broken down into three measuring metrics such as Availability, Performance, and Quality; these help gauge the plant's efficiency by categorizing the key losses that affects the manufacturing process. In this review, it is seen that total productive maintenance methodology is implemented to achieve OEE nearing to world class standards. It is seen that downtime losses are not the only influencing parameter but ideal run rate of a machine is another factor that adds to the variation in OEE. It is evident from one of the examples that OEE percentage can be improved substantially by implementing Total Productive Maintenance tools such as 5S, Jishu Hozen, Kaizen etc in a manufacturing firm. While calculating OEE, the factors influencing it are identified and performance improvement measures are undertaken and through this, OEE percentage can be improved. This concept can be applied to manufacturing industries, plastic industry, petrochemical processes and pharmaceutical


A new method for the processing of textured YBa2Cu3Oy (Y 123) thick film stripes on metallic tapes is discussed. The process involves the texturing of Y123 grains by a localized directional solidification method by creating constitutional gradients along the width of the precursor Y2BaCuO5 (Y 211) stripe during an infiltration and growth process. The differences in the solidification temperatures of different rare earth 123 compounds were utilized to generate the constitutional gradients. The sample configuration involves printed lines of light (Nd) and heavy (Yb) rare earth compounds on either side of an airbrushed Y211 stripe underneath a liquid phase (barium cuprates) layer. The higher peritectic temperature (Tp) Nd regions serve as nucleating sites for Y123 grains nucleated in the adjacent Y211 stripes and the constitutional gradients produced due to the diffusion of respective rare earth ions between the Nd and Yb regions, typically of 200 K cm−1 in the region, induce a driving force for the directional growth of the nucleated grains. The solidification is analogous to that in a typical Bridgman furnace in applied high temperature gradients. The process, being independent of growth rate parameter and texture of the underlying substrate, is suitable for the fabrication of long length thick film conductors by a wind and react process in simple box type furnaces.


Summary.  Background: It is not known whether burden‐of‐illness differs in chronic venous disease patients with prior venous thromboembolism compared with patients with other forms of chronic venous disease. Objective: To compare severity of disease and quality of life in chronic venous disease patients with and without prior venous thromboembolism. Patients and methods: The VEINES Study population is an international cohort of 1531 outpatients with chronic venous disease in Belgium, France, Italy and Canada. Clinical severity of chronic venous disease graded using the seven‐category 'CEAP' scale, and quality of life using standardized generic (SF‐36) and venous disease‐specific (VEINES‐QOL/Sym) questionnaires were compared in patients with and without venous thromboembolism. Multivariable analyses with adjustment for known confounders were used to examine associations between venous thromboembolism and quality of life. Results: One hundred and fifty‐one (10%) patients had prior venous thromboembolism. These patients had more severe chronic venous disease than those without venous thromboembolism (P < 0.0001), including a higher frequency of healed or active ulcers (29% vs. 7%, respectively). Multivariable analyses controlling for age, sex, country, education, body mass index, years of chronic venous disease and comorbid conditions demonstrated that prior venous thromboembolism was an independent predictor of poorer generic quality of life (SF‐36 Mental Component Summary score, P = 0.047; SF‐36 Physical Component Summary score, P = 0.012) and venous disease‐specific quality of life (VEINES‐QOL, P = 0.0002; VEINES‐Sym, P = 0.009). Conclusions: Disease severity is worse and quality of life poorer in chronic venous disease patients with prior venous thromboembolism compared with patients with other forms of chronic venous disease. Our findings support the need for further research of interventions to prevent and treat the long‐term complications of venous thromboembolism.


This paper proposes one of the methodologies to recovering a high-resolution image from a low-resolution image based on a database inverse approach. Arranging the flattened low-resolution image database in column-wise, it is possible to establish a system matrix. Flatting a low-resolution image data becomes an input vector, and also a solution vector whose order is equivalent to a number of data base images is assumed. The number of columns and rows of the system matrix are proportional to a number of pixels composing the low-resolution image and a number of database images. In most cases, a number of pixels are larger than those of database images, so that conventional least squares method is applied to this ill posed system of equations. As a result, a fairly good solution that recovers a high-resolution image, even if the noisy low-resolution image data are used for an input vector.


The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme regulates the levels of endogenous epoxygenated fatty acid (EFA) lipid metabolites by rapidly degrading these molecules. The EFAs have pleiotropic biological activities including the modulation of nociceptive signaling. Recent findings indicate that the EFAs, in particular the arachidonic acid (AA) derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EpDPEs) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) derived epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EpETEs) are natural signaling molecules. The tight regulation of these metabolites speaks to their importance in regulating biological functions. In the past several years work on EFAs in regard to their activities in the nervous system evolved to demonstrate that these molecules are antiinflammatory and anti-nociceptive. Here we focus on the recent advances in understanding the effects of sEH inhibition and increased EFAs on the nociceptive system and their ability to reduce pain. Evi-


Second language word learning is an extremely complex and fascinating mental process that can help us to understand how our brain incorporates new words into its lexicon. In general, neurolinguistics seeks to reveal the mental processes associated with learning and processing of a linguistic stimulus. One of the fundamental issues addressed in bilingual studies, under the neurolinguistic approach, is to determine how the bilingual brain stores and retrieves information related to words in each of its two languages. Specifically, how do we activate word meaning in both languages? Or how does our brain take a word and divide it (or not) into its different orthographic components? In this article we review the main findings regarding these questions as well as evidence of how the bilingual brain represents and organizes words in each of its two languages. Finally, we discuss some implications for the educational field.


6- [3- (1-adamantyl) -4-methoxyphenyl] -2-naphtoque tritium labeled; preparation and use thereof particularly as radioactive label in the assay of nuclear receptors retinodes, especially in the presence of CRABP contaminating, or measuring the affinity of substances such as retinodes for these nuclear receptors.


In this paper, we discuss issues arising in the construction of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete arched roofs and ways to simplify their design. Despite the versatility of existing mold systems in construction, shell-type roofing structures are entirely different from other structural elements widely used in construction practice in terms of their outline and overall dimensions. Therefore, to erect them, it is necessary to build an individual mold system, which would provide the appropriate spatial shape for cast-in-situ reinforced concrete roofing. Due to the scale of shell roofs, the installation of such mold systems is often associated with significant difficulties as it requires a large, bulky structure above the ground surface with the use of load-bearing scaffolding and planking. This results in issues of building individual elements and the entire mold system and accurately placing them in the design position, which can be solved quite easily using the experience gained from similar works. As a demonstration of this, an example of the arched roof construction for the church named after the Mother of God of Iveria, the second largest church in Georgia, was given a few years ago. At the time, the main difficulty was manufacturing and installing wooden arch molds, which was quickly overcome due to considering several practical measures in advance.


Project SENSE (Sensor Simulation Experiment) is designed to analyze the effectiveness of digital culture and terrain data bases generated at the Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center for the simulation of various types of sensor systems. Although most of the initial effort dealt with digital radar simulation, other sensors such as microwave radiation, forward looking infrared (FLIR), and low light level television (LLLTV) are being investigated. The simulation software to support this analysis consists of three general sections. The first segment searches the data bases to construct a perspective view of the area for removal of hidden objects. Studies are underway to determine optimal sampling steps. The next segment mathematically models the emission and interaction of the radiation with the data bases, the sensor receiving unit, and the sensor display response. This section is modular to accommodate any type of sensor. The third segment of the software improves the simulated display via image processing techniques and buffers the output image to the appropriate unit for display. Parameters affecting radar simulations and comparisons of actual and simulated scenes are presented.


There are differences between the channels and acoustic characters of the two speakers in cellular conversation,which can be applied to segment the speech of each speaker from the cellular conversation.An unsupervised metric-based speech segmentation algorithm is mainly discussed in this paper.And Euclidean distance measure and the distance measure based on generalized likelihood ratio(GLR) and duration are compared.The latter makes use of the likelihood ratio of hypothesis testing to describe the similarity between two speech segments.The text-independent speaker verification system shows the measure based on GLR and duration is better in verifying segment points with low computation cost.


The paper is dedicated to the study and the optimization of a magnetohydrodynamic conduction pump. Electromagnetic pumps have several advantages to mechanical pumps, they do not use a moving mechanical part, unlike traditional electric motors, and they transform electromagnetic energy directly into kinetic energy. A fluid is set in motion in a magnetic field by an electric field supplying an electric current to the terminals of electrodes immersed in the fluid. The optimization procedure based on the particle swarm method uses a fitness function as the minimum of the mass. The electromagnetic model is carried out by the finite volume method and the steady fluid flow by COMSOL software. The optimized results of the performance characteristics of the electromagnetic pump are obtained.


The Helios-A solar probe which will fly within 28 million miles of the sun is described as a joint American and German project. The spacecraft and instrument designs, planned experiments, and mission are briefly discussed.


Introduction and Aims: Acutekidney injury (AKI)isemerging asa public health problemworldwide. Severalpharmacologic therapiesthat can acceleraterecoveryand improve survival have been attemptedandwere efficacious inexperimentalmodels but failed tomanifest anysubstantial beneficial effect inclinical practice.Recentstudies showed that adult renalprogenitorcells (ARPCs) canparticipateinkidney repair processes andmight bepotentially usedintheclinic to improve regeneration in acute and progressive kidney disease. Ouraim wasto study theinfluenceofARPCson the regenerative processof cisplatin-injuredrenalproximal tubularepithelial cells(RPTECs) and validatesome theARPC-secreted molecules able to induceregenerative processes. Methods: CD133-positive ARPCs were isolatedby magnetic sorting,starting from healthysections ofkidney removedforrenalcarcinoma. Aninvitro modelofcisplatin inducedcell toxicity, inwhichRPTECs were co-culturedwith ARPCs, wasused. Caspase 3 expressionswas studied to evaluateapoptosis. Cellproliferation inducedby ARPCswas evaluatedbyBrdU proliferation assay. ELISA assays were performed toevaluate inhibin-A (INHB-A), decorin (DCN)andFGF2 chemokines. A natural polymer-based nanosystemforefficacious deliveryofmolecules was developed. INHB-A-loaded Polysaccharides Synthetic Vesicles (INHB-A-PSSV) and DCN-loadedPolysaccharides SyntheticVesicles (DCN-PSSV) were synthesizedby twosteps methods: ionotropic pre-gelation ofalginatecore,followedby chitosan polyelectrolytecomplexation.A microfluidic devicewas appositely fabricatedinorder tooptimizetheINHB-Aand DCN-PSSVat interface-assembly process, intermsof polymers andINHB-A andDCN amount aswell asvesiclessize distribution.Cellularuptake andINHB-A-PSSVand DCN-PSSVeffectivenesswere tested. Results: We showedthat the inductionoftubularcellregenerationprocess was specific of tARPCs andoccuredonlyafterthat theydetectthe damage. Onthecontrary, glomerular ARPCs could not induceRPTEC regeneration. tARPCsprotected RPTEC and HK2 cells fromcisplatintoxicitybypreventingcisplatin-induced apoptosis andenhancing proliferationofsurvivedcells.Regenerative effect wascompletelyabrogated blockingthe Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), orusing tARPC not expressingthe TLR2. We found that INHB-A,DCNand FGF2 were secretedbyARPCs followingthe damageofRPTEC and that theywere involvedinthe RPTEC regeneration. We showedthat additionofINHB-A andDCN PSSVtocisplatin-treated RPTECs led toa substantial increaseincellnumber andviabilityafter 3 days ofculture.Remarkably, avery low dosageoffunctional loaded proteins(8ng/25 ul) was sufficienttoinducecellregenerationandthe percentage of viable cells wassimilartothat ofRPTECs withoutdamage. Conclusions: We demonstrated that tARPCs have a regenerative effect ondamaged RPTEC,bybothpreventingapoptosis and enhancing proliferation ofsurvivingcells. Theyactbymeansoftheir secretoma,throughthe TLR2engagement, and inparticular bythe secretion ofINHB-A andDCN.Moreoverwe showedthat these molecules can be vehicolated to the cells bypolysaccharidessyntheticvesicles givingaconsiderable functionaleffect.


We propose a zeroth-order Hamiltonian for many-body perturbation theory based on the unitary decomposition of the two-particle reduced Hamiltonian. For the zeroth-order Hamiltonian constrained to be diagonal in the Hartree-Fock basis set, the two-particle reduced perturbation matrix is chosen to have a minimal Frobenius norm. When compared with the Møller-Plesset partitioning, the method yields more accurate second-order energies.


As Guild president Kos Sclavos steps down this month, he leaves big shoes to fill as one of the Guild's most effective leaders and political lobbyists, writes Stephen Greenwood and Janet Doyle.


Abstract The reciprocal complementary Wiener number of a graph is one of the applied distance-based topological indices. For a connected graph G, this topological index is defined as the sum of the weights (D+1− dG(x, y))−1 over all unordered pairs of vertices x and y of G, where D is the diameter of G and dG(x, y) denotes the distance (that is equal to the length of a shortest path) between x and y. In this paper, the reciprocal complementary Wiener number of some cactus graphs is studied.


KINESIOLOGY, 2014, 16(3): 69-78 . Effects of Physical Activity Type and Gender on Binge Drinking and Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy. [PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to examine if binge drinking and drinking refusal self-efficacy differ by physical activity type(team, individual sport and non physical activity) and gender. [METHOD] For this study, a total of 354 university students(191males) completed questionnaires to assess physical activity type, binge drinking, and Drinking Refusal Self-efficacy(DRSE). The data analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 20.0. [RESULT] Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect of physical activity type and gender on binge drinking and emotional relief DRSE and main effect of physical activity type. Students who did not participate in physical activity had the highest binge drinking and the least emotional relief DRSE. Male students participating in team sport reported more binge drinking than those in individual sport, but female binge drinking was consistent across physical activity type. [CONCLUSION] The results suggest that participants in physical activity appear to do less binge drinking and more DRSE in emotional relief situation. This is the first study to examine physical activity type and gender differences on binge drinking and DRSE. The findings add to our understanding of how sport impacts on drinking behavior and self-efficacy to avoid drinking.


The European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) is an economically important species in Poland, not only due to the quality and price of its meat, but also due to the eel stock management plan implemented since 2010. The habitat of this species in Poland includes almost all types of waters; however, of major importance are transitional waters, mainly of the Vistula Lagoon and the Szczecin Lagoon, and lakes located in the northern part of the country (11). The average size of eel catches in the years 2009-2011 in the catchment areas of the Oder and Vistula rivers was 201.1 tonnes. However, in 2011, a downward trend in the catches to 170.4 tonnes was observed in both catchment areas. A similar phenomenon is observed in the case of eel catches in marine and coastal waters, in which the average value in 2009-2011 was 40.9 tonnes, with the lowest value of 31.2 tonnes obtained in 2011 (12). The intensity of eel reintroduction in Poland is 1.2 million individuals per year, which permits a conclusion that the species is important for the fishing economy. One of the main threats for fisheries and aquaculture are viruses, especially herpesviruses, which form a group of the most frequently occurring DNA viruses in fish (7). The virus was isolated in 1985 from ill European and Japanese eels, cultured in EK-1 and EO-2 cell lines and identified as Herpesvirus anguillae (AngHV-1) (14). The clinical signs of AngHV-1 infection are characterized by intense reddening of the head area, especially the mouth. Moreover, petechiae at the base of the fins, enlarged kidney and spleen, as were as necrosis of the skin, gills, liver and spleen have been observed (5). Neither in Poland nor in other EU countries (the Netherlands, Germany) is there an obligation to conduct tests for the detection of AngHV-1 (EU 2006/88/EC). This means that there is no legal barrier prohibiting the introduction of the European eel carrying identified AngHV-1 genome into open waters. In Poland imported material for reintroduction is directly introduced into waters or reared in fish farms without Monitoring of herpesvirus anguillae (AngHV-1) infections in the European eel in north-west Poland


According to damaging degree equivalent principle of multilevel amplitude load or random amplitude load,the calculation formula of equivalent fatigue stress amplitude range was derived by using linear Miner accumulative damage rule and Corten-Dolan accumulative damage rule.The method of applying the formula to fatigue detail or fatigue life evaluations was introduced.By utilizing the S-N curve and S-N equation from RC beams fatigue experiment,the formula and the method were verified based on the random amplitude fatigue experiment result of 3 RC beams.It is indicated that the calculation result of the formula is of higher precision and it approaches the experimental result though it is partial security.The formula is convenience and suitable for engineering application.


A structure M has no algebraicity if, for every finite A ^ \M\ and a e \M\ A, a is not algebraic over A. Let K be the class of K0-categorical structures without algebraicity, and M e K. The structure M is group-categorical in K if for every N e K the following holds: if Aut(/V) = Aut(M), then the permutation groups (Aut(jV), N) and (Aut(M), M) are isomorphic. We prove a theorem stating that if MeK has a 'weak V3 interpretation' (see Definition 2.1), then it is group-categorical in K. By applying the above theorem we prove that the random graph, the universal poset, the universal tournament, (<Q, <), the family with 2*° many directed graphs constructed by Henson in [10], all trees belonging to K, and various other structures, are group-categorical in K. It is easy to determine the outer automorphism group of the automorphism group of a group-categorical structure. For example, if P is the automorphism group of the universal countable «-coloured graph, then Out(f) = 5n. Here Sn denotes the symmetric group on n elements.


After a short summary of the "classical" surface analysis methods such as XPS, AES, SIMS, and RBS, a few recent advances in the field of surface and thin film analysis are described that are of relevance for analysis of problems related to packaging technologies. These methods include: chemical state depth profiling with AES, multi-element depth profiling with TOF-SIMS, and three different analytical methods for the sensitive chemical analysis of organic surface contaminations: thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (TD-GC/MS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and TOF-SIMS.


Summary In the context of the SEG/EAGE Salt model experiment we compare results obtained by 3D multi-arrival preserved amplitude ray based migration with those obtained by 3D wave equation migration. The same dataset is used but both preprocessing and velocity model differ (for Kirchhoff migration some smoothing had to be applied to the exact velocity model). By the end the better quality of images obtained using wave equation migration with the exact velocity model suffers no contestation. In addition to the differences in the wave propagation methods used in the both migration strategies and the differences in the preprocessing, the use of a too smooth velocity model for Kirchhoff migration may also be put forward. It is however clear that this smoothness is required for the efficiency of the wave front construction code used in the study. Improving this aspect of 3D Kirchhoff migration in an efficient way is certainly a challenge. On the other side ray based migration keep the advantage of computing efficiency, and wave equation migration has to be settled in terms of amplitude preserving.


Portal hypertension gastopathy(PHG) is defined as pathological changes of stomach mucosa,which are accompanied with portal hypertension,especially in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.Its main clinical manifestation is alimentary tract hemorrhage,which may lead to the death of patients sometimes.The research advance in the pathogenic mechanism,diagnosis and treatment of PHG is reviewed.


Software testing is aimed to detect existing faults in a software. The nature of software shows that modification is unavoided. Testing of a modified software is a must to ensure that the software is still free of failures. This process is named as regression testing. Regression testing can be very expensive if all test cases have to be re-tested. To reduce the cost, it is important to prioritize the test case execution to enhance the capability of detecting failures. Test case prioritization is intended to schedule and order the execution of test case based on the certain criteria. In this research, four test case prioritization methods studied emperically are additional branch coverage prioritization, Manhattan distancebased ART (Adaptive Random Testing), additional branch coverage-based with ART, and ART with additional branch coverage-based. Random Testing, as the basic test selection method, is used as a benchmark of the performance of all studied methods. The conducted experiments using two programs as under test program are Replace and Space programs. The experiment results show that all studied methods improve the effectiveness of RT significantly for large program. The used effectiveness measurement is F-measure, the number of test cases executed to detect the first failure. The additional branch coverage-based with ART comes as the best method in terms of F-measure. This method combines the advantage of the additional branch coverage method and the ART. It also reduces the complexity of the additional branch coverage.


Internet traffic patterns are changing significantly, with important ramifications for the network as a whole. Internet traffic traditionally has flowed through network service providers' backbone networks to large networks. In many ways, the Internet infrastructure has been based on this pattern. However, the prevailing traffic flow is rapidly changing, with important consequences for the Internet.


Network function virtualization (NFV) is a powerful emerging technique with widespread applicability. It provides Network Functions (NFs) through software virtualization techniques that decouple software and hardware. Some connected network functions constitute a service function chain (SFC). Therefore, the deployment of SFCs is much agile and simple. However, this leads to more service failure. The service failure includes service availability failure and service quality degradation. Aiming at the problem that the existing service function chain detection methods have high detection cost and cannot locate the failure accurately. This paper presents a method based on minimum detection cost. The method consists of failure detection and failure localization. In failure detection, we calculate detection paths according to the topology of network functions to avoid duplicate probing of links between network functions. In failure localization, we locate service availability failure and service quality degradation respectively and add timestamp fields to network service header to analyze locations of service quality degradation. Experiments show that the method reduces active detection cost and improves the recall and false-positive of service failure localization.


There is a village in the north of Finland with some thirty inhabitants. While the villagers do not lead the idyllic lives that are sold as images to tourists, they also do not lead lives of depression, alcoholism, poverty, and seclusion—an image generated by research results from the likes of National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health. The ill-being of rural northern villages is well documented in large-scale quantitative research,1 but qualitative research on the actual well-being, of what is already good and fulfilling, is scarce. In this paper I present a research project in education in which I have collected the data through a year-long correspondence with four participants from a small village. Letters in this correspondence were exchanged once a month in a way that everyone read everyone's letters. I asked the participants to write about beauty. The aim of this research has been to find out what kind of place beauty, as defined by the participants themselves, holds in the their everyday lives. In this paper I will discuss some challenges of researching everyday beauty empirically. I will also concentrate on selected findings that highlight the importance of context in discussing experiences and use of beauty. Everyday life2 has been characterized in research by concepts such as "time," "space," "rhythm," and "bodily movement."3 These concepts embrace an idea of a continuum and refer to everyday life as subjectively experienced and actively engaged in. Everyday life is a contextual process but one that nevertheless defies definitions bound in time and space. This is because as subjectively experienced, it entails simultaneously the past, the present, and the future as necessary for the managing of it. By managing of everyday life I mean a practice that consists of constant reflection, evaluation, and steering, but one that we are mostly unaware of engaging


Sol-gel method has been used since the early 1960s in various applications. There has been a growing interest in this method in recent decades, its materials, and its functionality. The sol-gel reaction consists of a series of simple hydrolysis and condensation reactions, and they are easy to perform and do not require special conditions or high temperatures. This reaction can be influenced by several factors: water-to-precursor molar ratio, types of catalyst, pH, modifier, reaction, aging temperature, and varying solvent. Scientific databases, namely Scopus and ScienceDirect, mainly address the organic solvent-based sol-gel method. Since 1996, the water-based sol-gel method has attracted much attention to simplify the procedure further and reduce cost and environmental damages. This is a review of water-based and typical solvent-based sol-gel methods, focusing on protective fabric coatings. It discusses the most relevant and recent findings related to the sol-gel method, including its applications, advantages and limitation, and future potential. It describes the effects of using water to replace organic solvents that can influence the characteristics and properties of sol-gel materials. Water-based sol-gel preparation methods are relatively advanced, and some products are currently on the market. However, many difficulties related to their water-precursor compatibility prevail. Therefore, chemistry and physics are areas that need to be exploited to create new materials that meet the protective fabric criteria.


An improved method for the determination of phentolamine in human plasma samples was developed. After being alkalinized, plasma samples (1 mL) were extracted with diethyl ether and then back-extracted with O.1 N HCl. Analyses were carried out on a Novapak C8 column eluted with a mixture of sodium monochloroacetate (pH 3) and acetonitrile (75:25). Amperometric detection was performed by oxidation at 1000 mV, using a glassy carbon electrode against Ag/AgCl. Calibration curves, constructed over a 1 to 30 ng/mL plasma concentration range, were linear (r=0.999). Intra-assay coefficients of variation and accuracy for the determined concentrations were comprised within 7.6–10.9% and 94.0–105.6%, respectively. Inter-assay coefficient of variation and accuracy ranges were 10.4–20.7% and 93.2–102.7%, respectively. The method's detection limit was 0.2 ng/mL, allowing determination of oral phentolamine pharmacokinetics after administration of a 40 mg dose. It is concluded that the present procedure is suitable for pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies of oral phentolamine formulations presently used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.


Empirical data shows that the mobile charge density in the oxides of MOS and bipolar microcircuits depends on the proximity of a p‐n junction. This data is consistent with a model in which positive mobile ions migrate from oxides over n‐regions to those over p‐regions. Several practical consequences of this phenomenon are discussed.


Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell cancer characterized by accumulation of malignant cells, preferentially in the bone marrow, that leads to severe bone disease in humans. This disease resulted in approximately 13,000 deaths last year in the United States. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a phenolic compound found in bee glue, is reported to have an array of bioactive properties including anticancer effect. We previously reported that CAPE inhibits MM cell growth through induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress. It is established that iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) enhance drug delivery to tissues/cells and conjugation of a small peptide RGD with drug loaded IONPs improves cancer cell targeting. The purpose of this study is to improve the biocompatibility of CAPE through encapsulation onto IONPs (IONP/CAPE) and evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of IONP/CAPE with RGD conjugated as a targeting ligand for human MM cells. We hypothesize that RGD‐IONP/CAPE may enhance the intracellular delivery of CAPE to MM cells thus demonstrating more potent inhibition on the growth of MM cells than CAPE alone. We prepared RGD‐IONP/CAPE and characterized these NPs through determination of the hydrodynamic sizes and zeta potentials. We optimized the stability of these nanomaterial complexes with various stabilizers at different pH and evaluated the inhibitory effect of the most stable formulation on MM cell growth. Our results show that the developed RGD‐IONP/CAPE were stable at neutral and basic conditions, and subject to release of CAPE at acidic pH (5.5) in vitro. The RGD‐IONP/CAPE caused a decreased MM cell viability in a time (24, 48, 72 hours) and dose (1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 μM) ‐dependent manner. Interestingly, the growth‐inhibitory effects of RGD‐IONP/CAPE at 10 μM was equivalent to the parent drug at 30 μM, indicating a 3‐fold enhancement in CAPE delivery efficiency under the experimental condition. Apoptogenic effect of RGD‐IONP/CAPE was assessed using western blotting. Protein expression of apoptosis‐executioner caspase 3 was examined, and the results indicated that caspase 3 was activated. In conclusion, we constructed a novel CAPE‐loaded IONPs with RGD conjugation which showed more potent antimyeloma effect than parental CAPE.


Vegetation indices, such as the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), are common metrics used for measuring traits of interest in crop phenotyping. However, traditional measurements of these indices are often influenced by multiple confounding factors such as canopy cover and reflectance of underlying soil, visible in canopy gaps. Digital cameras mounted to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles offer the spatial resolution to investigate these confounding factors, however incomplete methods for radiometric calibration into reflectance units limits how the data can be applied to phenotyping. In this study, we assess the applicability of very high spatial resolution (1 cm) UAV-based imagery taken with commercial off the shelf (COTS) digital cameras for both deriving calibrated reflectance imagery, and isolating vegetation canopy reflectance from that of the underlying soil. We present new methods for successfully normalising COTS camera imagery for exposure and solar irradiance effects, generating multispectral (RGB-NIR) orthomosaics of our target field-based wheat crop trial. Validation against measurements from a ground spectrometer showed good results for reflectance (R2 ≥ 0.6) and NDVI (R2 ≥ 0.88). Application of imagery collected through the growing season and masked using the Excess Green Red index was used to assess the impact of canopy cover on NDVI measurements. Results showed the impact of canopy cover artificially reducing plot NDVI values in the early season, where canopy development is low.


The operation efficiency of a distribution system depends on two factors, enterprise economic profits and customer service level. How to examine the economic profits and service level involves a lot of detailed indexes. In this paper, basing on Hierarchy Analysis Method, a systematic evaluating model was established considering all of the necessary factors related with distribution efficiency. Through the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, this model may offer an effective and systematic evaluation on distribution efficiency.


Based on a great deal of sporopollen material from the core in the Fangzheng Rift, five sporopollen assemblages have been established from Cretaceous to Neogene, and their geological era discussed in this paper. Combined with lithologic material, Wuyun Formation and Fujin Formation are introduced to the Fangzheng Rift for the first time, and the authors consider that not only Xinancun Formation, Dalianhe Formation of the Paleogene, but also Fangzheng Formation of the Late Cretaceous, Wuyun Formation and Baoquanling Formation of the Paleogene, Fujin Formation of the Neogene are developed in the Fangzheng Rift.


Jacopo del Mazza and Sangallo's brother: the problem of the workshop.
It is generally assumed by art critics that Giuliano da Sangallo had a sculpture workshop in which he either executed marble and terracotta sculptures himself or he provided the designs for his collaborators to execute. This essay demonstrates that these assumptions are mistaken. Giuliano entrusted the execution of his drawings either to specialized artists whom he trusted or, in the case of larger projects, he used other sculpture workshops outside of his circle. The workshop of Jacopo del Mazza is one such case. This neglected sculptor has been over-shadowed by his more illustrious companion Andrea Ferrucci. Two important facts about the artist were not known: he was brother-in law to the Sangallo brothers and he spent 12 years in Rome. After he returned to Florence, Jacopo was constantly involved in the brothers' project. New documents have moreover made it possible to attributte to him three large marble portals originally made for the new Sala dei Cinquecento. They were attributed to Baccioi d'Agnolo or to Benedetto da Rovezzano and dated as being post-1505. However, the new documents demonstrate that they were executed between 1496 and 1498 by Jacopo del Mazza and his workshop, probably to designs by Antonio da Sangallo, the master builder for the new room. Contrary to what had been thought to be the case until now, the exquisite quality of the architectural elements and reliefs demonstrate that Jacopo del Mazza was a sculptor of great artistic talent.


The use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been widely debated [1–3]. Treatment guidelines have suggested that their prescription be limited to COPD patients with severe airflow limitation at high risk of exacerbations, who remain symptomatic after regular use of one or two long-acting bronchodilators [4]. Nevertheless, ICS have been used widely, with recent trials observing that over 70% of COPD patients were treated with ICS at the time of enrolment. Evidence is mounting that such extensive use of ICS is discrepant with COPD treatment guidelines and may be inappropriate in a subset of these users [5, 6]. Much inappropriate use of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD can be safely replaced with long-acting bronchodilators http://ow.ly/QvMRd


The decays K∗(892) → K0 S,Lπ can be used to study CP violation and CPT violation. The K∗(892) meson can be produced via J/ψ decays at BESIII. In this paper, we study CP violation and CPT violation in K∗(892) → K0 S,Lπ decays at BESIII. Basing on two cases: the samples of 1010 and 1012 J/ψ events, we calculate the expected numbers of the observed signal events on the CP violation in J/ψ decays with K∗(892) meson in the final states, we find that the BESIII experiment may be able to unambiguously observe CP violation for each of these two cases. Under the assumption that the observed event on CPT violation is absent, we discuss the upper limits on the absolute value of the CPT violation parameter Re(z) in J/ψ decays involving K∗(892) meson in the final states with 1010 J/ψ events and 1012 J/ψ events, respectively. By using the accumulated 1010 ∗firstname.lastname@example.com †email@example.com ‡firstname.lastname@example.com §email@example.com 1 ar X iv :2 10 9. 02 22 3v 1 [ he pph ] 6 S ep 2 02 1 J/ψ events, the upper limits on |Re(z)| can be obtained at the 90% confidence level of 10−4 − 10−5, which is competitive with the current best result, if the detection efficiency εK0 L is assumed to be at the level of 8 × 10−3 at BESIII. And besides, the upper limits on |Re(z)| will be improved by about two orders of magnitude compared with the current best result with 1012 J/ψ events.


Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare clinico-radiological entity characterized by rapid onset of symptoms including headache, seizures, altered consciousness, and visual disturbance. Associated with white matter changes predominantly affecting the posterior parietal and occipital lobes of the brain on neuro imaging. Several conditions have been associated with PRES. The well documented are hypertension; eclampsia, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic treatments, autoimmune diseases and infections/sepsis. There are as well numerous associations rarely or anecdotally reported. It is particularly important not to exclude PRES as a possible diagnosis when we have the appropriate clinical presentation accompanied by the typical radiological findings. It is an increasingly recognized disorder, with a wide clinical spectrum of both symptoms and triggers, and yet it remains poorly understood. We report unusual reasons of PRES and findings.


Getting and maintaining stable conditions is one key challenge in high speed coating, like in many other processes. The temporal stability of the contact line, i.e. the three-phase junction between the moving substrate, the liquid sheet and the surrounding air, is investigated. The model exhibits a sub-critical instability which is consistent with the observations of the man-of-the-art. It is then tempting to assimilate the transition from stable to unstable regime to the onset of air entrainment. Further investigations, namely experiments, are to be carried out in order to confirm this theoretical prediction.


This paper explores the development of the Lao animation industry from past to present. It specifically focuses on the real development of Lao animation that has never been previously undiscovered. Interestingly, there have been attempts to collect data regarding Lao animation by researchers and journalists in the past. However, due to constraints of language, cultural understanding, and a lack of trust by the Laotian artists, it has been difficult to obtain permission to view their artworks, observe their work environment, and interview them for the more in-depth information that has been typically kept secret from foreigners. This article, as previously mentioned, aims to study the development of Lao animation as it has been gradually developed from simple cartoons to the advanced 3D animation which represents the embracing of digital culture in Lao PDR. Furthermore, in order to consider Lao animation as an industry, systems theory was used in this study, along with other theories, in order to explain context including; globalization, modernization and diffusion theories. These theories will help explain the collected data gathered by the research tools that included; observation, in-depth interview and focus groups. Therefore, according to the systems theory, any industry can be viewed as system when considering four elements; input, process, output and outcome. The results show that the Lao animation industry started to form in the late 1990s, after the Lao government officially announced its "New Economic Mechanism" (NEM) during the second five year period of the national socio-economic development plan (1986-1990). Since then, there have been some interesting factors and elements that continuously appeared to help facilitate the development of the Lao animation industry including; input, process, output and outcome. Nonetheless, a lack of associated documentation and research papers made it impossible to focus on what should be improved. Today, the Lao animation industry is currently struggling with different issues. Consequently, in order to understand the development of the Lao animation industry and its trend towards a creative industry approach, an understanding of the digital culture and an analysis of its related factors is useful and might help provide guidance or recommendations for future development.


In many production processes it is impossible to prevent the occurrence of flue gas streams containing solvents even if production-oriented environmental protection measures are implemented consistently. This means that there is still an urgent need to minimize emissions by cleaning solvent-loaded process and flue gas streams. The thermal, catalytic or biological oxidation procedures that destroy organic solvents should only be used in cases where recovery is not reasonably possible. The procedures of choice are those that enable the solvent to be recovered and recycled. In the last ten years, major progress in the field of membrane separation technology has made gas permeation an interesting alternative to the conventional methods. The combination of a membrane separation step with direct or indirect condensation results in a hybrid process permitting gentle and contamination-free recovery of the organic components. The following article is a brief summary of the fundamental principles of the permeation of gas/vapor mixtures through polymer membranes.


There is sparse mention in the literature of the application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimisation techniques to the tuning of PID controllers. Where mention does exist the application tends to be confined to an illustration of the concept on a simple model, without even a comparison with conventional tuning techniques provided. In the opinion of the authors this does not exploit the full potential of the GA approach which is tailored towards locating high performance areas in complex domains. A close perusal of the PID tuning literature reveals a confusing plethora of techniques for simple systems and, conversely, a dearth of techniques for more complex processes. Furthermore it is generally accepted that the techniques applicable for simple processes are unsuited to higher-order processes and in addition that they frequently fail even for simple processes when a significant time delay exists. The GA overcomes these difficulties by offering the possibility of a general tuning technique which is applicable to a wide variety of processes and may be based on either performance/robustness criteria or model following. This paper reports on the application of GAs to a range of processes and compares the results obtained with those obtained using conventional tuning techniques. Simulation results indicate that the GA overcomes many of the difficulties associated with existing tuning rules, and produces satisfactory results for systems that are normally considered difficult to tune.


Abstract We prove that neither a prime nor an l-almost prime number theorem holds in the class of regular Toeplitz subshifts. But when a quantitative strengthening of the regularity with respect to the periodic structure involving Euler's totient function is assumed, then the two theorems hold.


The article attempts to consider the concept and essence of investment from an economic and legal point of view, which made it possible to identify economic and legal features that create an opportunity to distinguish this complex and ambiguous phenomenon from related ones. The author classified the wording of the author's definitions, such as investment as capital, which has a designated purpose (obtaining certain benefits), and investment activity as a process of placing this capital, which has a designated purpose.


Two keywords in implementing Quality Management System ISO 9001:2008 are customer satisfaction and continuous improvement. Both are important and always influence each other. In the practice of library service, user satisfaction becomes an essential aspect for the library to make a continuous improvement. This means when a library puts priority on user satisfaction, it will make continuous improvement. In other words, a continuous improvement will always be made when the library concentrates on achieving user satisfaction. This study is aimed at identifying the achievement level ofuser satisfaction reached at Sanata Dharma University Library (SD UL) in the period of 2008 to 2014 and to find out continuous improvement that has been made by SDUL, especially, the result analysis on monitoring and assessing user satisfaction. This study was a survey that used descriptive method. The result of the study showed the achievement level of monitoring and assessmentof user satisfaction at SDUL in the period of 2008 to 2014 reached maximum score, that is, 3.5 to 3.8 in the scale of I to 5. Observed from the user satisfaction analysis, continuous quality improvement conducted in SDUL covered three important fields, that is, information and information access facilities, library services, and infrastucture and work environment. Keywords: library user satisfaction, collection and information access, library services, infrastructure and work environment


Fuzzy neuron model has been studied in recent years. Many of them, however, focused on fixed fuzzy operations, such as min and max operations. This paper presents a concept of weak t-norm and t-cornorm clusters, and build a neuron model which can realize both operations of weak t-norm and t-cornorm clusters and several other operations such as continuous mean norm and equivalent operation. Based on OWA neuron this model is easily extended to n-ary.


A common method of technology of semiconductor materials used in the creation of devices of electronic equipment, is a surface treatment of semiconductor pulsed coherent and incoherent radiation. When modes of impulsive action, leading to disruption of the surface morphology, local melting regions are formed. Melting and crystallization further material are anisotropic. The experimentally observed relationship between the density of local areas of melting and their linear dimensions. As a result of solving the heat problem is obtained theoretical ratio of the linear dimensions of local areas of melting and the distance between them.


Background Like many infectious diseases, there is no practical gold standard for diagnosing clinical visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Latent class modeling has been proposed to estimate a latent gold standard for identifying disease. These proposed models for VL have leveraged information from diagnostic tests with dichotomous serological and PCR assays, but have not employed continuous diagnostic test information. Methods/Principal findings In this paper, we employ Bayesian latent class models to improve the identification of canine visceral leishmaniasis using the dichotomous PCR assay and the Dual Path Platform (DPP) serology test. The DPP test has historically been used as a dichotomous assay, but can also yield numerical information via the DPP reader. Using data collected from a cohort of hunting dogs across the United States, which were identified as having either negative or symptomatic disease, we evaluate the impact of including numerical DPP reader information as a proxy for immune response. We find that inclusion of DPP reader information allows us to illustrate changes in immune response as a function of age. Conclusions/Significance Utilization of continuous DPP reader information can improve the correct discrimination between individuals that are negative for disease and those with clinical VL. These models provide a promising avenue for diagnostic testing in contexts with multiple, imperfect diagnostic tests. Specifically, they can easily be applied to human visceral leishmaniasis when diagnostic test results are available. Also, appropriate diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis has important consequences for curtailing spread of disease to humans.


The incorporation of the concepts of sustainability into all engineering projects will be a critical challenge for future engineers. All projects, not simply those that are obviously environmental in scope, are subject to material, energy, and natural resource constraints, and all have an impact on the interactions between the human and natural worlds. To help students understand these needs, faculty at Purdue University have begun to incorporate the concept of "normalized sustainability": the idea that sustainability concerns are normal engineering design criteria, on the same level as more traditional constraints, such as cost, reliability, and performance. This approach requires a cross-cutting coverage of sustainability and environmental issues. They can not simply be presented in one "specialized" course, but instead need to permeate courses throughout the curriculum and at all levels. To facilitate the incorporation of environmental and sustainability concepts into a variety of courses, we held a two-day faculty workshop during the summer of 2009. Participants learned important concepts, discussed appropriate pedagogical techniques and locations, and were able to share ideas of how to infuse sustainability into examples, case studies, problem sets, and choices of material coverage. More than twenty-five faculty and staff from nine disciplines of engineering participated. These participants have since begun to work on specific modules to apply to their courses during the 2009-10 school year. This paper presents the structure of the workshop, the main conclusions and ideas from the workshop, and examples and assessment of ways that sustainability concepts can be seamlessly inserted into courses so as to further the goals of normalized sustainability.


Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture Pierre Bourdieu & Jean‐Claude Passeron, 1977 London & Beverly Hills, Sage Publications Pp. 254, Cloth £8.00, Paper £3.50