Tomato is a plant that can grow in plantation and kitchen garden. This plant is very beneficial for the body because it contains vitamins and minerals needed for growth and health. It contains minerals such as potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium. The purpose of this study is to determine the mineral content of potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.). This research was by using the with dry destruction of plum tomato and the determination of potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium were by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer with λ 766.50 nm for potassium, λ 422.7 nm for calcium, λ 589.00 nm for sodium, and λ 285.20 nm for magnesium. Of the results of this research conclude that the plum tomato in a test by qualitative reactions showed positive and containing minerals with high levels of (263.67 ± 3.0418) mg/100 g for potassium; (25.0842 ± 0.4556) mg/100 g for calcium; (8.4679 ± 0.1777) mg/100 g for sodium and (13.1182 ± 0.6364) mg/100 g for magnesium. Key word: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Atomic Absorption Spectrophoto metry. Universitas Sumatera Utara


Classification of river morphology is often based on hydromorphological units (HMUs) identified from field measurements. Established survey methods rely on expert judgment or collection of field point measurements. When used for HMU classification, these methods can suffer from high errors due to the variations in the sampling environment, causing low repeatability. In order to expedite field data collection and increase HMU classification accuracy, we propose a multisensory device, the hydromast. Each hydromast provides a new source of data to classify HMUs. The modules are inexpensive and highly portable, consisting of a synchronous array of commodity pressure and inertial sensors. Rapid, local changes in the flow field are recorded with absolute and differential pressure sensors. At the same time, slower depth-integrated flow signals are obtained from a small damped cylindrical mast, driven by vortex-induced vibrations. In contrast to existing passive flow measurement technologies, the hydromast uses fluid–body interactions to provide flow measurements. This allows for minimal signal processing and simple feature extraction. An array of three hydromasts was used to collect ten samples in three river HMUs with shallow depths and highly turbulent flows with smooth and rough beds. We investigated classification accuracy using single, dual, and triple hydromast arrays with pressure, inertial, and combined features using linear regression, a genetic algorithm, and a neural network. Although limited in scope, the set of spot measurements covering three HMUs showed that a single multimodal sensor could deliver an overall classification accuracy of 89% of the HMUs, and an increase of up to 99% was achieved using a multimodal triple hydromast array. These preliminary results show promise in using hydromasts for rapid and robust HMU classification, providing a new way to collect and assess river survey data.


This Article explores a social vision of global public order taken from transnational private law. It recasts the potential role of private law in the cross-border economic context as centrally concerned with private action as both the object and vehicle of substantive and procedural governance. Viewed in this way, private law is a venue. for the contestation and regulation of private action by private action in the contemporary global system. With its distinctive strengths and weaknesses, transnational private law is viewed as one alternative among many regimes of global order and is understood to perform a social- indeed, "public"-function in the embedding of private behavior and relationships within a broader social order.


As can be seen from the number of works and commentaries now available in translation, Schmitt studies are alive and well in die US. Also symptomatic of this phenomenon are the categories of commentators: Schmitt scholars; Left-Schmittians; and Right-Schmittians. Bill Scheuerman has added another category he calls "young Schmittians," and Scheuerman himself is a member of the not inconsiderable cohort of crude Schmittians. In a review of Bernd Rüthers' Carl Schmitt im Dritten Reich, instead of discussing the book Scheuerman launches a broadside against what he calls "young Schmittians" — especially the American ones. He holds them responsible for "the so-called Schmitt renaissance that has taken place both in North America and Western Europe in the last decade" and characterizes this development as a "fine example of how intellectuals can contribute to 'societal unlearning'" (71).


B ecause proposal storyboarding began at Hughes-Fullerton (a division of Hughes Aircraft Company), I have been asked a number of times whether storyboarding was imported from Hollywood to the proposal management profession under the personal auspices of Howard Hughes. That is a fetching myth, but it is not the way the STOP (Sequential Thematic Organization of Publications) storyboarding technique began. To the best of my knowledge, Howard Hughes never graced Hughes-Fullerton's hallways, and movie-making influence had nothing to do with the conception and gestation of STOP. The STOP technique, which eventually permeated much of the defense/aerospace industry as the preferred proposal development approach, began as a simple formatting idea, which then became the nucleus for a cluster of strategizing, composition, and publication disciplines focused on managing the complex task of proposal development.


This work introduces a novel way to identify dense regions in a graph based on a mode-seeking clustering technique, relying on the Sum-Over-Forests (SoF) density index (which can easily be computed in closed form through a simple matrix inversion) as a local density estimator. We first identify the modes of the SoF density in the graph. Then, the nodes of the graph are assigned to the cluster corresponding to the nearest mode, according to a new kernel, also based on the SoF framework. Experiments on artificial and real datasets show that the proposed index performs well in nodes clustering.


Junior high-school (seventh-ninth grade, 13-15 years of age) students are expected to acquire some knowledge of 'abstract' biological processes that take place in the cells of living organisms. The concepts used to describe and explain them are usually drawn from the domain of biochemistry, which is esoteric to ninth graders. Based on the idea of showing the processes in action, a new approach is suggested in this study: the outcomes of many biotechnologies, and the intervention of the scientists, which brought out the outcomes, can be demonstrated at the 'macro' level (production of foods, medicines, etc.), or at last in ways which are understandable to 14- to 15-year-old students. Between the intervention and the outcomes, there is a 'black box' (the biochemical process), which will become the focus of the students' questioning. The development of students' ability to ask meaningful questions about intra-cellular processes, and the resulting meaningful learning of relevant biological concepts will be ou...


The problem of optimizing the alka- line impregnation of wood chips is posed and solved under usual restrictions. The cost to be optimized balances opposite criteria by taking economics and product quality into account, and is conditioned by the system dynamics. Evolution is modeled from typical transport phenomena equations. Optimiza- tion is attacked in the lines of variational calculus, although the final treatment involves numerical methods. Cost function design is provided for: alkali con- sumption, thermal energy consumption, product quality, and total production; each one affected by a preference-weighting coefficient. A new parameter, the "Deacetylation Index", is introduced as an ob- servable quantity for tracking the end of the diges- tion stage in pulping processes. This index turns out to be significant even at low temperatures. Cost terms depend essentially on three design variables: (i) alkaline bulk concentration, (ii) digester tempera- ture, and (iii) total duration of the process. An algo- rithm to ascertain the optimal values of these vari- ables is devised. Numerical results provide insight in deciding changes on design variables in case they are allowed within a certain extent to be manipulated.


The analysis of the connection between the bandwidth and the dynamic range, the signal-to-noise ratio, the resolution time and the bandwidth is carried out. The problems are solved by deriving analytical dependencies based on the Shannon – Hartley theorem, as well as the well-known postulates of the theory of radio engineering circuits and signals. The study of analytical relations allows us to identify restrictions on the choice of communication channel parameters.


Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) is a distinct type of periodontal disease characterized by rapid loss of attachment and alveolar bone occurring in young individuals. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was introduced in periodontology as an adjunctive approach to non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NPT) in periodontitis patients. In this trial, the aim was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of adjunctive PDT to NPT in patients with GAgP.


This paper describes a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for adaptively controlling the traffic lights on a junction with various traffic volumes. The proposed method was tested using various simulations. The results show that the proposed FLC outperforms the existing controllers in terms of average delay time of vehicles, the number of passed vehicles, and the degree of saturation.


The effects of beating additives,including alkali and surfactant,CMC,modified lignin,and pretreatment technologies,including spacered modification,cationic modification,enzymatic modification,on beating energy consumption and paper characteristics were introduced. The application prospects and future research hotspots of beating additives and pretreatment technologies were discussed. With application of beating additives and pretreatment technologies,beating energy consumption is decreased,fibrillation is promoted and paper properties are improved.


We present a high-order method employing Jacobi polynomial-based shape functions, as an alternative to the typical Legendre polynomial-based shape functions in solid mechanics, for solving three-dimensional geometrically nonlinear elasticity problems. We demonstrate that the method has an exponential convergence rate spatially and a second-order accuracy temporally for problems of geometrically nonlinear elastostatics/elastodynamics. Test problems involving nite or large deformations have been discussed.


Artificial neural network (ANN) based prediction system was presented for predicting the leaf population chlorophyll content from cassava leaf images. As the training of this prediction system relied heavily on how well those leaf green pixels were separated from background noises in cassava leaf images, a global thresholding algorithm and an omnidirectional scan noise filtering coupled with the hue histogram statistic method were designed for leaf green pixel extraction. With the obtained of leaf green pixels, the system training was carried out by applying a back-propagation algorithm. The system was tested to predict the chlorophyll content from the cassava leaf images. The purpose of this research was to find the relationship between the color index Red, Green, Blue (RGB); Hue; Saturation HSV; Value; Saturation HSL and Lightness to chlorophyll, and to find the appropriate form of ANN to predict the highest chlorophyll source in cassava leaf based on digital images. The results showed highest positive regression occurred in the saturation HSL index against the total chlorophyll of cassava leaf as much as 78.6%. The best model produced using ANN methods in predicting total chlorophyll is a network model with 8 inputs, 9 hidden layers and one output layer, in the proportion of training data 75% testing data 25% have value result the smallest MSE testing is 0.092 with regression testing of 0.847. Network model can read the highest source of chlorophyll on cassava leaf with the value of 84.68%.


The following article is the result of the writer's study of the teeth of the genera Cochliodus, Psephodus, Sandalodus, and Deltodus, in the collection of Walker Museum at the University of Chicago. In the collection are several hundred specimens of the teeth of Sandalodus and Deltodus, and more than fifty of Cochliodus and Psephodus. The writer is under obligation to Dr. Stuart Weller for the privilege of studying the collection at Walker Museum, and to Professor C. E. McClung for the loan of specimens from the Kansas University Museum. Acknowledgment is due Professor S. W. Williston and Dr. Stuart Weller for helpful suggestions during the investigation.


A comparative slaughter, growth assay was carried out using juvenile silver perch to evaluate different inclusion contents of peanut meal, canola meal, meat meal and dehulled field peas. Each ingredient was combined with a nutritionally balanced basal diet composed mainly of fishmeal (27%), soya bean meal (21%), wheat (28%) and sorghum (11%) such that between 15% and 75% of the basal diet was wholly replaced by the test ingredient. In addition, the basal diet was replaced with 15%, 30% or 45% of an inert filler (diatomaceous earth) in order to compare diets containing test ingredients and the inert filler. Fish were fed respective test diets twice a day for 56 days under a slightly restricted feeding regime (90% of apparent satiation) to negate any palatability problems. Weight gain of silver perch decreased steadily as the basal diet was systematically replaced with diatomaceous earth, confirming the limiting contribution to weight gain from the basal diet under a restricted feeding regime. Silver perch fed diets containing a mixture of the basal diet and either peanut meal, meat meal, canola meal or up to 60% field peas gained more weight than fish fed diets containing similar contents of the inert filler, indicating silver perch were able to utilize these ingredients to support growth. Regression analysis was applied to investigate protein and energy retention and models were fitted with 95% confidence and prediction intervals. Inspection of these relationships indicated various outliers which greatly affected the fitted models. We postulate that these outliers represent test diets which contain ingredients that are poorly utilized, or poorly utilized at particular inclusion contents. Removal of these outliers greatly improved the fit of each model. Using this approach, the predicted digestible protein (DP) content that gave maximum protein deposition in silver perch was 41.1%. The DP requirement for maintenance was 0.61 g DP kg BW )0.6 day )1 and the efficiency of DP for growth above maintenance was constant (0.45) after diets containing 45% or more of peanut meal and 75% of field peas were removed from the fitted model. The digestible energy (DE) requirement for maintenance was 36.79 kJ kg BW )0.6 day )1 and the efficiency of digestible energy for growth above maintenance was constant (0.68) after diets containing 75% of field peas and 75% of canola were removed from the fitted model. Adherence of other diets containing test ingredients to the slope of each regression suggests that silver perch are capable of utilizing any of the protein sources tested at all but the inclusion contents described above. Confirmation of this approach under different feeding regimes is required.


This research aims to investigate the types and factors of code mixing which found in the official twitter account of BKN (Indonesia National Civil Service Agency) during the registration of civil servant's candidate in November 2019. Qualitative approach was conducted to analyze the types and social factors of code mixing. Observation method with writing technique used to collect the data. Data reduction, data display and drawing conclusion are the process of analysis technique. To classify and explain the social factors of code mixing, Musyken's typology of code mixing (2000) and Kim's theory of reasons and motive of mixing code (2006) were used. From the finding, there was found that three types of code mixing such as insertion, alternation and congruent lexicalization. Insertion type of code mixing was dominated in BKN's twitter status, followed by congruent lexicalization and the last is alternation. Most of mixing code in twitter status related with particular topic about computer technical support, online registration system, and requirements of civil servant candidates. However, there are other code-mixing factors; participant roles and relationships and internal factors (quotation).


This article concludes the main problems existing in China's current food supply chain and discusses how to apply supply chain theory in the area.


As a trigger word among college history faculty members, assessment is remarkably potent. Skepticism arises not illogically and from many sources: concerns about broader centralizing agendas lying beneath the surface; disturbing trends in K–12 education that have tied testing regimes to excessive standardization and teacher bashing; and assumptions that assessment implies inappropriate application of quantified metrics to historical thinking. Moreover, individualistic teaching cultures in history, as in other disciplines, nurture mistrust of administrative incursions on classroom autonomy. And like many of our colleagues, historians do not rush eagerly into either the discourse or practice of assessment. But we should be eager, even if we move with the proverbial all deliberate speed. Historians need—and should want—to talk about what our students are learning and why we do what we do. The language of "authentic learning" and "communities of practice" might not be the best way to begin that conversation, but discussion must begin nevertheless. Most historians on college faculties care deeply about what their students learn and retain, and how effectively students apply that learning to the discipline of history and to their broader education. These teachers assume that they regularly assess the quantity and quality of that learning when they grade students' work—a process that involves substantial time and effort that too often goes unappreciated. As the essays here demonstrate, these conversations require considerable investment and department-wide engagement, conditions quite difficult to achieve. Opposition to assessment has generally arisen in reflexive response to pressure from administrative units or outside forces seeking to assess the work of educators. The rhetoric and apparent agendas of accreditors, legislators, and advocates of "disruption" in higher education imply values ignorant of—even hostile to—the mission of a liberal education. Hence many faculty members tend to resist even qualitative data collection and analysis about student pathways, course sequences, and the overall effectiveness and impact of the major, let alone the relationship between our individual courses and broader institutional goals. To enter the thicket of student learning outcomes, mandatory and perhaps even standardized assessment frameworks and performance-based resource allocation seems just a first step away from the open spaces of scholarly inquiry and academic freedom. With no collaborative strategy for generating


Making the CoTC In eukaryotes, cotranscriptional cleavage (CoTC) of nascent RNA transcripts at the polyadenylation (polyA) site is involved in transcription termination of RNA polymerase II genes. The Dicer endoribonucleases, on the other hand, are generally associated with gene silencing through the generation of small RNAs from double-stranded RNA. Now, Liu et al. (p. 1621) show that transcriptional read-through of the Arabidopsis FCA gene is regulated by DICER-LIKE 4 (DCL4). DCL4 associated with the FCA gene downstream of the polyA site and repressed transcriptional read-through. The C terminus of DCL4 has a similar domain structure to the yeast endoribonuclease Rnt1, involved in CoTC, which suggests that DCL4 is involved in repressing read-through of endogenous FCA by prompting cotranscriptional cleavage. An Arabidopsis protein that functions in gene silencing is shown to be involved in nascent RNA cleavage as well. Transcription termination is emerging as an important component of gene regulation necessary to partition the genome and minimize transcriptional interference. We have discovered a role for the Arabidopsis RNA silencing enzyme DICER-LIKE 4 (DCL4) in transcription termination of an endogenous Arabidopsis gene, FCA. DCL4 directly associates with FCA chromatin in the 3′ region and promotes cleavage of the nascent transcript in a domain downstream of the canonical polyA site. In a dcl4 mutant, the resulting transcriptional read-through triggers an RNA interference–mediated gene silencing of a transgene containing the same 3′ region. We conclude that DCL4 promotes transcription termination of the Arabidopsis FCA gene, reducing the amount of aberrant RNA produced from the locus.


To explore the risk factors of fatigue among hypertension patients in community.A total of 528 hypertension patients in community were investigated with Global Fatigue Severity Subscale,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,Self-rating Depression Scale,Self-rating Anxiety Scale,Family Apgar Index and Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire.45.3 % of hypertension patients were fatigue.Logistic regression analysis revealed that age,sleep quality,anxiety,depression,family dysfunction,marital satisfaction were associated with fatigue among hypertension patients(OR = 1.031,2.198,4.003,4.805,1.693,2.230).Based on the results of path analysis,depression,anxiety,sleep quality and age had direct effect to fatigue.Family dysfunction,marital satisfaction and domestic economy had indirect effect by intermediate variable to fatigue.The influential factors to among fatigue hypertension patients are multiple,so synthetic measures should be taken to improve the fatigue.


In this paper a theoretical design of two degrees of freedom (single leg module) of a hexapod underwater robot is carried out. The length of the two links together is (30 cm) and the motor for the joint 2 is mounted inside the robot. In addition, forward kinematics analysis is performed to specify angle of movement for each joint by applying Denavit- Hartenberg notation. Furthermore, 3d drawings show the leg implementation. Finally, MATLAB Simulink is used to design PID controller and examine the control signal.


This Article describes a research project designed to assess the vulnerabilities of Latino workers employed in rebuilding New Orleans during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Professors Fletcher, Pham, Stover and Vinck analyze the results, examining legal and human rights issues including job security, safety, fair pay, discrimination, and access to adequate housing and health care. To assess the problems that these


A cultivar of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) with sharply large oval and purple leaf, 'Jahokmaschima', which has late bolting and a high yield, was developed from a cross between 'Bulkkoch' (dark red leaf color and early bolting) and 'Cheongpung' (high yield). The cross and selection for advanced lines was conducted by the pedigree method between 2005 and 2011. The advanced lines were evaluated for yield and adaptability at six locations in Korea (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongnam-do, and Jeju-do) for 3 years until 2014. The 'Jahokmaschima' lettuce has a gray seed color, and the leaf type of the matured stage is a large oval leaf, leaf no. 67 per plant, and late bolting. In particular, the 'Jahokmaschima' has good resistant to tip burn in the growth period. The anthocyanin and vitamin C content of 'Jahokmaschima' were lower than those of 'Tomallin', at 4.05 mg/100g and 27.7 mg/100g, respectively. The BSL (bitter sesquiterpene lactones; latucin, 8-deoxylactucin, and lactucopicrin) content of 'Jahokmaschima' was lower than that of 'Tomallin', at 2.120 µg/g DW. Compared with 'Tomallin', the marketable yield of 'Jahokmaschima' was 1% higher (at 374 g per plant) and particularly improved late in bolting in high temperature cultivation in the field. The shelf-life of 'Jahokmaschima' was similar to 'Tomallin' at 4ºC. Furthermore, it tasted better, and was crispier and sweeter than 'Tomallin'. Thus, we recommend that the new cultivar 'Jahokmaschima' is suitable for cultivation in spring and fall.


This paper deals with RT level power consumption estimation during test application. The goal of this paper is to describe design and implementation of custom power consumption estimation tool that works in collaboration with Mentor Graphic DfT tools. The proposed tool can be used in an early design stage for quick classification of various test sets according to power consumption without need of full synthesis and slow physical level simulation of the design. The tool is implemented as a library that makes it ideal for usage in various power consumption optimization techniques.


The question of the relation between Juvenal and Quintilian is still unanswered: the reconstruction of their possible biographical and literary connections is very uncertain. The Life of Juvenal does not mention Quintilian; its author only states that Juvenal spent a significant part of his life declaiming. Their personal acquaintance is not confirmed by any ancient source, and the views of modern research are not univocal either; however, most scholars leave the question undecided. On the grounds of the biographical data, it cannot even be proven with certainty that Juvenal known Quintilian, thus we have to find evidence in the texts of the two authors. In this paper, I examine the possible influence of Quintilian on Juvenal's Satires, highlight textual and thematic parallels as well as common motifs in order to unfold the relation between the two authors.


The present invention pertains to computer communication technologies, and particularly relates to a handover scheme based on the monitoring method of the FC switch. By setting the series of registers of the present invention, in particular for switching current detection data frame register and a register for controlling the integrity of the data strobe, the data frame is full before switching the case, ensure that the switch monitoring ports capture the complete data frame. Control of the present invention is simple and easy to implement hardware logic; when switching monitoring program, can guarantee the integrity of the monitoring data frame; when not switching of the monitoring program, without affecting the normal monitor function.


At present in Russia hot-rolled reinforcing bars are mainly manufactured using two deformation (rib) patterns, either with ring-like ribs of constant height or with two-row crescent-shaped ribs of 'European' style. Steel of both grades A400C and A500C can be produced with one or other of these rib patterns. Often it is difficult to identify on site an actual grade of rebars. To improve the situation a new specific deformation pattern for A500C grade steel was developed. The rebar-to-concrete interaction for the three patterns mentioned above is evaluated by means of the analysis of failure of concrete keys formed between transverse ribs of a steel bar. For this purpose the authors employed some principles of analysis that previously had been used for key joints of concrete floor panels. The bond behaviour is subsequently classified as 'rigid' or 'soft', the latter being considered as more favourable. The structural advantages of commercial production in Russia of A500CP grade reinforcing steel using the n...


This article, relying on the sources, clarifies the impact of political processes in the cities of Fergana Valley on the city administration in 1917. Moreover, the issues of establishment of Soviet government in the cities of Fergana Valley, leading political changes that took place in the cities, the role of Dumasin cities' administration and the participation of local representatives in these processes are also discussed. The article concludes that the cities of the Fergana Valley in 1917 were among the political centers of Turkestan.


Abstract Aardal Copperworks in western Norway was a small royally owned copperworks that operated at an enormous loss during the first decades of the eighteenth century. When the king did not close it down after a short time, he had to choose between two options: 1) trust the director who, based on certain geological theories, predicted that large supplies of copper and other metals were to be found further down in the mountains, or 2) lease the copperworks to English interests who would introduce modern smelting technology based on coal. The king chose the first and his successor or rather the treasury the second. Both were unsuccessful, and Aardal Copperworks became only a minor episode in Norwegian mining history – but nonetheless included spectacular ideas, boundless optimism, extraordinary efforts and a tough reality.


Background: Pregnancy and delivery are among the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the health belief model in preventing high-risk behaviors among pregnant women. Methods: This randomized controlled field trial was done in 2015 on 88 pregnant women who referred to two main healthcare centers in Sarbisheh, Iran. Women were purposively recruited and randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. For data collection, a questionnaire was developed based on the components of the health belief model. Participants completed the questionnaire both before and three months after the intervention. Women in the intervention group were offered three educational and counseling sessions on high-risk pregnancies, prenatal care, and high-risk behaviors during pregnancy. The SPSS software (v. 22) was used to analyze the data by running the Wilcoxon, the Mann-Whitney U, and the Chi-square tests. Results: The age mean values in the intervention and the control groups were 27.66 ± 5.30 and 26.6 ± 5.33, respectively (P = 0.2). At baseline, groups did not differ significantly from each other regarding the mean scores of knowledge, health belief model components, and behavior (P > 0.05). However, three months after the intervention, the scores of knowledge, health belief model components, and behaviors were significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, in the intervention group, there were significant differences between the pretest and posttest mean scores of knowledge, health belief model components, and behaviors (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Health education programs based on the health belief model can effectively prevent high-risk behaviors among pregnant women.


--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Work Relationship. Collecting data used quetionaire. Sampling method used proportionate cluster random sampling. The sample was partially of Private University in Southeast Sulawesi and the sampled respondents were middle-level managers (Dean and Vice Dean), manager of the lowest level (LPPM, LPMI, Department, Study Program, BAAK, Library and Laboratory), and organizing committee (faculty and staff), as well as students. The numbers of samples in this study were 350 respondents. Method of data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that of Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Employment Relationship. Organizational Climate has positive and significant influence on Work Relationship. Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Organizational Climate.


Recent studies have implicated that an inadequate host biomaterial response, driven predominately by pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages and downstream formation of fibrotic capsule, is a major cause of the severe surgical mesh-related complications in pelvic prolapsed woman. We have hypothesized that shifting this macrophage response towards an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype will lead to a better implant integration into the host tissue. A coating for local and transient delivery of interleukin-4 (IL-4, an M2 cytokine) was developed, using layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of chitosan and dermatan sulfate. Implantation studies revealed that the released IL-4 promoted a predominant M2-like macrophage response, associated to decreased fibrotic capsule deposition and changes in collagen composition, suggesting improved mesh integration into the host tissue and potential for reduction in downstream complications.
Immunosenescence, dysregulated macrophage function, and delayed resolution of the immune response against pathogens have been demonstrated in aged individuals. We have sought to elucidate the impacts of aging upon the host response to polypropylene mesh in aged versus young mice. The host response in aged mice resulted in delayed cell recruitment, significant differences in macrophage marker expression and a highly shifted pro-inflammatory (M1) response at early stages, associated with an unresolved host response in the long-term, compared to young mice.
A sequential delivery of MCP-1 (macrophage chemoattractant protein-1) and IL-4 has been developed to restore the delayed cell recruitment and reverse the inflammatory macrophage response in old mice, respectively. The host response to single and sequential delivery regimens was well distinct in old versus young implanted mice. While single delivery of IL-4 was not enough to counteract the high inflammatory response in old mice, the sequential delivery of MCP-1 and IL-4 was capable of restoring recruitment and M2-like macrophage response, associated to decreased capsule deposition in the long term. Contrarily, the sequential delivery regimen in young mice was not as effective as IL-4 alone promoting an M2-like response, but still capable of reducing inflammatory macrophages and capsule deposition. These results demonstrate that a proper understanding of biological context has the potential to improve the performance of biomaterials-based approaches in aged individuals.


The objects of the study are mafic-ultramafic complexes of Kulibinsk potential ore unit, including intrusive bodies of kingashsk complex and metavolcanic rocks of kuliginskaya and kuzinskaya series; the studied objects are located at the north-west edge of Kansk green-stone belt in East Sayan. The aim of the research is to study petrographic, petrochemical and structural characteristics of the studied objects, their typing and development criteria for selecting ore-potential areas. Methods. Petrographic study of the rocks was carried out on the polarization microscope AxioScop 40 firm Carl Zeiss. Investigation of the gross composition of the rocks was carried out at the Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS (Irkutsk) and in the laboratory of Minusinsk Geological Prospecting Expedition. The concentration of rare-earth elements was determined by ICP-MS, which was held in the Analytic Center of Natural Systems Geochemistry of National Research Tomsk State University (Tomsk) and at the Vinogradov In+ stitute of Geochemistry SB RAS (Irkutsk). Results. According to the set of petro-geochemical criteria the authors have identified five types of mafic-ultramafic metavoulcanic rocks, four of them are represented by the rocks of basalt-melapicritic formation, which associates with intrusive massifs of kingashsk complex. Fifth type of metavolcanites is similar to the calcalcalic basalts and it can be determined macroscopic among other formations. The rocks of basalt-melapicritic formation together with intrusions of kingashsk complex form volcano-plutonic complex, that is productive for platinum group elements, Cu, Ni; these formations are products of differentiation of the same high-mg melt. The studies identify the criteria of distinction of metabasalts on two types, one of them is included in ore-bearing volcano-plutonic association, and the other one is widely distributed only at non-ore parts of the studied territory.


The aim of this contribution is to highlight the difference in the behaviour of beams with and without stirrup reinforcement under hard impact loading. A comparison is drawn considering the cracking and damage process, the deformations and accelerations, the support forces, and the strains measured on the reinforcement bars during the impact. It was found that the cracks of the stirrup-reinforced beams were finer distributed than in the case without stirrup reinforcement. Especially the crack between punching cone and residual section had a smaller crack-opening width, meaning the specimen remained one solid body. Above that, the burst mass that spalled off on the top side of the specimen was generally smaller for stirrup-reinforced beams. The support forces of the stirrup-reinforced beams were higher. The strains over time also varied between beams with and without stirrup reinforcement as the latter had a longer strain plateau and residual vibrations were recorded after the impact.


EUROPE, SO WE READ WITH INCREASING FREQUENCY, has always been and remains "very much a continent of regional identities."' This notion has insinuated itself into a wide range of debates on the future of Europe. Whether the context is an analysis of the final crisis of the nation-state or a description of the structure of committees in the European Community, recognition of the significant role that regions and regionalism play in Europe today has quietly, undramatically taken hold. In 1992, Tom Nairn wrote in the New Statesman that regions had become a "key part" of the discussion about European union.2 Two years later, Rolf Lindner argued, in a collection devoted to the "return of the regional" that "quite obviously we are now confronted with a new regionalism."3 And in 1997, John Newhouse stated in Foreign Affairs that "regionalism, whether within or across national borders, is Europe's current and future dynamic."4 Moreover, far from being a product of the post-Communist, post-Maastricht Treaty era in European affairs, this attention to a resurgent or a renewed or a reinvented or a rediscovered regionality in fact stretches back through several decades of Euro-punditry. In 1984, Hans Mommsen wrote, with somewhat more drama than is usual to these discussions, that "the nation is dead, long live the region." In 1981, Rainer Elkar asked whether regional restlessness might not be the "new specter haunting Europe." And in 1980, responding to a decade or more of regional unrest, Jochen Blaschke published a "handbook of European regional movements," designed to guide the confused through a thicket of Basques, Slovenes, Sorbs, Serbs, Scots, Lapps, Walloons, Flemish, Bretons, Croats, Magyars, Cypriots, South Tiroleans, Madeiran Islanders, Catalans, Occitans, and others.5


Abstract Bias and MSE of the QME are studied by means of simulation. A bootstrap estimator of the QME covariance matrix is also included in the study. The simulation is based on travel distances reported in the Swedish Travel Habit Survey. The results are in accordance with the asymptotic properties of the QME. For example, the QME is better than other suggested estimators under asymmetric distributions of the error term. The results also suggest that the bootstrap technique is potentially useful for estimation of the QME covariance matrix.


This paper proposes an adaptive control with optimisation (ACO) methodology for optimising the production cost subjected to quality constraints in high-performance milling operations of hardened steel (58–62 HRC). Unlike traditional approaches for optimising production cost, this paper deals with optimising the cutting operation considering the current state of the cutting tool. Artificial intelligence techniques for modelling (artificial neural networks) and optimising (genetic algorithms and mesh adaptive direct search algorithms) are applied for this purpose. As a result, the production cost estimation from the proposed approach is 13% lower than the one obtained by the traditional approach with 76% less uncertainty.


British rule in India probably was in the reformist van of colonial regimes, but by Independence relatively few among the Indian populace had benefited notably from Western 'modernization'. Although praised lavishly by a past generation of English historians for equipping India for 'rapid progress' under 'the rule of law', British policies hardly represented exemplary social engineering or 'transformed' the prosperity, health, well being, education or career opportunities of most Indians. Early in its sway the British raj conceived of implanting on the subcontinent modes of development responsible for England's rapid progress and prosperity and the advance of its peoples. Why, then, was the success not greater of Western programs, and why did policies of economic development leave at mid-twentieth century a majority of Indians living below poverty levels drawn close to subsistence? Was Western 'reformism' materially exploitative, or promising but checked by the regime's major political disturbance, the 'Mutiny' or Revolt of 1857, or were British policies culturally suppressive, or is more complex analysis needed to comprehend the Western impact?


There is interest in deriving megakaryocytes (MKs) from pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for biological studies. We previously found that genomic structural integrity and genotype concordance is maintained in iPSC‐derived MKs.


The elbow of pipe is one kind of barrier which the pipeline robots frequently encounter, compared with walking in straight pipe the influence factor on robot driving force are more complex at this position. This paper is focus on research the influence factor, namely the additional deformation of elastic wheel legs, to robot driving force at elbow of pipe. Firstly, the composition of robot driving force was analyzed, and the influence model of additional deformation of elastic wheel legs was established about all-driven wheel pipeline robot. Finally, the virtual test of this influence analysis has been carried out. The obtained conclusions can be served as the numeric foundation of driving force design criterion in order to make pipeline robot can autonomously walk in pipe.


To ascertain whether the circadian rhythmicity of the ventrolateral (vl) suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) develops concurrently with that of the dorsomedial (dm) SCN and when the rhythmicity starts to respond to day length, i.e., to the photoperiod, rats with their offspring were maintained under either a long photoperiod with 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness per day (LD 16:8) or under a short, LD 8:16 photoperiod. The rhythms of spontaneous c-Fos immunoreactivity in the dm-SCN and of the light-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the vl-SCN were studied in the pups. In 3- and 10-day-old rats, the dm-SCN rhythm in spontaneous c-Fos immunoreactivty was already well expressed but a response to a photoperiod similar to that in adult rats has not yet been developed. The vl-SCN gate for insensitivity of c-Fos production to light at certain times was detected in 10-day but not yet in 3-day-old rats: in the latter, light exposure at any daytime induced high c-Fos immunoreactivity. In the 10-day-old pups, similarly as with adult rats, the gate was shorter under LD 8:16 than under LD 16:8, but the difference in the gate duration between the short and the long photoperiod did not yet attain that of adult animals. The data indicate that the circadian rhythmicity may develop sooner in the dm-SCN, than in the vl-SCN, whereas the photoperiodic response may develop sooner in the vl-SCN. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Theme: Neural basis of behavior Topic: Biological rhythms and sleep


ABSTRACT In this paper, a dual-band reconfigurable substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna 1 × 8 linear array is presented with dual states. The proposed SIW antenna array combines the features of the conventional metalized cavity-backed patch arrays such as surface wave suppression, high efficiency with low-manufacturing cost. The basic element has been designed, fabricated and the performance has been verified in the outdoor antenna test range. Here, PIN diodes have been used as a switching device to achieve the reconfigurability with dual-band operation. A corporate feed network has been designed and integrated with the antenna to make it as a linear array.


Presents a protocol for concurrency control in object bases. The object bases model of Hadzilacos and Hadzilacos (1991) is used as a framework to describe the protocol and to derive a proof of correctness. The protocol accepts all correct executions. A definition of order preserving serializability suitable for the model is also presented. A slight modification of the protocol ensures that the produced executions obeys the defined order-preserving serializability. The protocol detects inconsistencies by constructing a graph for each node of the nested execution and testing its acyclicity.<<ETX>>


Abstract Those studying criminal justice at the undergraduate level are an important bellwether for understanding future reform efforts. If students are unwilling to acknowledge systemic issues needing reform, this suggests that reform efforts are likely to face internal opposition. The current study examines the extent to which criminal justice students acknowledge that systemic racial issues present a need for criminal justice reform. Using survey data from students at a single university, the findings reveal that students are willing to acknowledge the existence of systemic racism, although expected individual-level factors predicted variation in such acknowledgment. In addition, the current study explores the relationship between willingness to acknowledge systemic issues and general punitive attitudes. Consistent with the extant research, criminal justice students' racialized attitudes are significantly related to more punitive crime-control preferences. These findings have implications for understanding efforts to reform criminal justice, and they raise essential questions for criminal justice educators.


Motivated by the homophily principle in social networks, this paper investigates a social learning model with bounded confidence, in which two individuals are neighbors only if the difference of their beliefs is not larger than a constant called bound of confidence. Each individual updates her belief through Bayesian inference based on her private signal plus consensus algorithm based on the beliefs of her neighbors. We find that the whole group can learning the true state only if the bound of confidence is larger than a positive threshold, which implies that people should try to communicate with others whose beliefs are quite different with themselves, in addition to those similar to themselves. Furthermore, we introduce a neighborhood-preserved strategy to guarantee that once two individuals are neighbors they will be neighbors forever. We show that social learning in the revised model can be realized with much smaller threshold, and therefore, provide an effective mechanism for social learning.


To provide multimedia applications with new functionalities, such as content-based interactivity and scalability, the new video coding standard, MPEG-4 relies on content-based representation. This means a prior decomposition of a video sequence into semantically meaningful, physical objects. We develop a fast yet robust color segmentation algorithm based on DWT and k-means clustering. After spatial segmentation, a dense optical flow field is estimated for the whole image, using which a motion parameter model is estimated for each region using a least squares technique. Adjacent regions with a coherent motion are then merged together to form moving objects. This leads to segmented video.


Four US drug companies have made settlements with the US Department of Justice and agreed to pay $124m (£75m; €84m) to resolve false claims that they submitted to the US Medicaid programme after a whistleblower complained.

The companies were Mylan Pharmaceuticals and UDL Laboratories, which paid $118m; Astra Zeneca, which paid $2.6m; and Ortho McNeil, which paid $3.4m.

The amount recovered by the US government will be shared between the federal government, the states, the Public Health Service's drug pricing programme, and the whistleblower.

"The [US federal] False Claims Act allows a citizen [a whistleblower] to bring fraud to the attention of the government. …


Religions can become trigger for conflicts, tensions, exclusions, intolerance, and even war. The religious preaching often seeks to set boundaries through which one religious expression is delimited from another, leading to collective solidarity against "outsiders". Such solidarity is built upon the concept of us versus them, purity versus impurity, orthodoxy versus heresy, truth versus lies etc. In this paper we wish to point to the "anti" character of the Latin American Christianity, particularly the Brazilian one, bringing some examples from history. We will especially highlight the example of the identity construction of the Brazilian Protestantism and Catholicism in the 19th century, whose repercussions are still currently being perceived.


Caves in the Bahamas result from exposure to the same general ingredients, but with variations in the amounts, duration of exposure, and physical location. The ingredients that are known to influence cave development include: waters of differing chemistries, (fresh, brackish, marine), organics (DOC, POC, PIOC), metabolic by-products and end-products of microbial activity, and water flow. Different combinations of these variables generate dissolution at a variety of localities and at all scales. Dissolution occurs throughout the vadose zone, and in the phreatic zone, especially near the upper boundary of the fresh or brackish groundwater lens, and near the base of the fresh or brackish groundwater lens. The types and numbers of bacteria that occur on rock surfaces, within rock pores, and in the water in pores (including flooded dissolution voids) vary depending on the amount and geochemistry of the water, and the amount of organics available. Data collected from caves currently below and above sea level have been integrated into a single comprehensive model of cave development in the Bahamas. The model recognizes that all dissolution caves result from exposure to a subset of common ingredients, but differ due to variations in the "cave formation recipe".


EXPANSION AND EXCLUSION: A CASE STUDY OF GENTRIFICATION IN CHURCH HILL By Kathryn Schumann Parkhurst Bachelor of Arts, University of Virginia, 2009 Master of Teaching, University of Virginia, 2010 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016 Major Director: Dr. John T. Kneebone Associate Professor and Chair, Virginia Commonwealth University Department of History This thesis explores the gentrification process in Church Hill, one of the oldest neighborhoods in Richmond, Virginia. After World War II, Richmond residents knew Church Hill mostly for its crime rate and dilapidated housing. The white, middle-class flight to the suburbs left the remaining residents, mostly African American, to experience decades of disinvestment. Church Hill was considered a neighborhood to avoid for much of the late twentieth century. Yet, Church Hill is currently one of the most desired neighborhoods in Richmond, particularly for young professionals. This thesis seeks to explain the reasons why there has been such a dramatic change in the perception of Church Hill and whether revitalization can occur without causing gentrification. Chapter 1 explores the top-down efforts of the Historic Richmond Foundation, a non-profit organization, and the Model Neighborhood Program, a federal program. Chapter 2 explores revitalization efforts by various non-profits organizations as each tried to work with community members. Chapter 3 explores the reasons why young professionals are moving into Church Hill and the impact of gentrification on the neighborhood.


Part 1 Cosmological enquiries into the nature of physical science: Newtonian versus Einsteinian questions variations on a non-Euclidean theme. Part 2 From a universal physics to a physics of the universe: Einstein's 1916 thought experiment and the problem of relative rotation antinomy of Mach's principle and the general relativity principle De Sitter's early critique of the principle of relativity and the nature of boundary conditions. Part 3 The almost full and the almost empty: the changing picture of general relativity from September 1916 to February 1917 - first reactions to the cosmological considerations. Part 4 Matter without motion or motion without matter: difficulties with cosmic time in De Sitter's static universe beyond the limits of both the Newtonian and the Riemannian world views Weyl and his critics - the geometrical versus the physical approach Eddington's solution of 1923 - its foundations and limits. Part 5 The construction of a principle: Eddington's solution reconsidered Weyl's principle physicalized - the adventure of non-static cosmology Weyl's principle and the "many-universes" problem.


Hyperinsulinism, in cases in which insulin has not been administered, is now recognized as an entity. It represents the antithesis of diabetes, just as hyperthyroidism is the reverse of myxedema. It is characterized by a constant tendency of the level of the blood sugar to fall. This necessitates the ingestion of food or sugar at frequent intervals to prevent the occurrence of hypoglycemic symptoms. The condition was first reported by Harris, 1 who introduced the term hyperinsulinism. He observed, in several cases, a subnormal concentration of blood sugar and certain symptoms resembling those seen in diabetic patients after overdosage with insulin. Further attention has been directed to the disorder by the observation, in a number of cases, of the severest symptoms of hypoglycemia, namely, mental confusion, coma and convulsions. A definite pathologic basis for hyperinsulinism was demonstrated through the study of a case seen at the Mayo Clinic in 1926.


This statement is true in my case and my theories. However, for the purposes of this paper, I shall try to elaborate on them. The first question I ask is, "If psychosis exists, and it does according to psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health professionals etc., what forms may they take?" The types of hallucinations my theory seems to fit most visual hallucinations. This is because, I feel, as James Hillman wrote in his book The Dream and the Underworld, when a person dreams, they mainly dream visually using visual perception. In other words, it is far rarer to hear, touch and taste in a dream. Rarest of all, he writes "...do we use the sense of smell...," (Hillman, p. 185). This is why I choose to deal with only visual or auditory hallucinations for now although I will discuss my opinions on tactile and other types of hallucinations (that of smell, for instance) later on in the Discussion chapter. In the book, "SCHIZOPHRENIA: A very short introduction," written by Christopher Frith and Eve Johnstone, we may read of an account where the Reverend Mr. George Trosse (c. 1690) stated that he heard a voice saying, "Yet more humble! Yet more humble!" (Frith & Johnstone, p. 3). As a result of this prompting, the book states that "the Man of the Cloth removed his stockings, hose and doublet" (Frith and Johnstone, p. 3). Frith and Johnstone quote him:


The first phase for the treatment of random signals is the feature extraction; in this we can find several methods for that. In this chapter, we presented the autoregressive (AR) method, some methods of univariate and multivariate measures, and examples of their applications.


Direct simulations of sound generation due to two-dimensional, unsteady, laminar flow past a wedge at several angles of incidence have been performed using a highly accurate, physical dispersion relation preserving scheme. We have considered a uniform flow past a wedge at a Mach number of M = 0.2 and a Reynolds number of Re = 100, at thirteen different angles of incidence 0° ≤ α ≤ 60°. Results show that the vortex shedding phenomena which in turn strongly depend on the angle of incidence are responsible for triggering negative and positive pressure pulses. We have in particular focused our attention on a special case α = 30° where the mean drag attains a lowest value among all angle of incidence cases and also reports a highest root mean square value for the lift coefficient. We have closely related the effects of the fluctuations in flow field parameters on the frequency and amplitudes of generated sound waves. The generated sound field displays dipolar nature. The lift dipole contributes more to the sou...


The research was carried out to investigate women's contributions in the political aspect, especially in the legislative institutions in the province of West Java, Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach, with data processing based on panel data analysis. The Gender Development Index (IPG) was chosen as the dependent variable. In contrast, the independent variables used the Total Female Population (JPP), Average Years of Schooling (RLS), Number of Female Legislative Members (JALP), and the Gender Empowerment Index (IBG). The study used the province of West Java as the location, with secondary data from 2017 to 2020. The results showed that the average length of schooling (RLS) was the only variable positively influencing the Gender Development Index (GPA). This shows that the contribution of women on the political stage will increase along with the number of women with higher education. Other variables do not affect the index.


The utility model relates to a tea pot with an alarm, particularly a tea pot which can produce sound when the water is poured out. The utility model comprises a teapot body, a teapot spout, a handle, and a teapot cover, wherein, the teapot cover is a hollow body with two layers, the top of the teapot cover is provided with a cover button of a double-layer board of which the center part is provided with air-stream holes; the upper and the lower air-stream holes are corresponding to each other and are opened to the hollow body of the teapot cover of which the edge is provided with water flowing air holes; the water flowing air holes are arranged at one lateral side of the teapot spout and are deep in water when the water is poured out. The utility model can be designed into the tea pot with an alarm capable of simulating various kinds of music and the sounds of the animal so as to improve the value and the interest of the product.


INTRODUCTION
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the main opportunistic pathogens which can cause different types of infections. Production of beta-lactamases like AmpC and ESBL mostly lead to beta-lactam resistance in these Gram-Negative bacteria. The aim of this study was the detection of AmpC-producing K. pneumoniae in clinical isolates.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three hundred and three isolates of K. pneumoniae were identified. Double disc method including cefoxitin with cefepime and using boronic acid with cloxacillin were performed as two phenotypic methods for detection of AmpC. Amplification of AmpC gene was performed by PCR.

RESULTS
Eight and three isolates showed positive results in double disc method and by using boronic acid with cloxacillin, respectively. Five isolates had specific band for AmpC gene after electrophoresis.

CONCLUSION
Our results were indicated the low prevalence of AmpC-producer-K. pnemoniae in Iran. On the other hand these two tested phenotypic methods showed low sensitivity for detection of AmpC.


This paper addresses some design issues for establishing the optimal number of spare units in array systems manufactured using fault-tolerant multichip modules(MCM's) for massively parallel computing(MPC). We propose a new quantitative approach to an optimal cost-effective MCM system design under yield and reliability constraints. In the proposed approach, we analyze the effect of residual redundancy on operational reliability of fault-tolerant MCM's. In particular, the issues of imperfect support circuitry, chip assembly yield and array topology are investigated. Extensive parametric results for the analysis are provided to show that our scheme can be applied to design ways using MCM's for MPC applications more efficiently, subject to yield and reliability constraints.


With the rapid development of modern technology,campus network based on Internet technology has gained increasing attention in China.With the emerging of the electronic publications and the digital media,campus libraries must take advantage of the modern technologies,broaden the services areas,expand from the traditional paper-based recourses to graphic,audio,video and other multimedia resources.The present study systematically describes the structure of a modern campus library,including the basic structure and the major components of the library,the data storage system,the backup system,the application platforms,as well as a scheme selection section.


Abstract Temperature and time dependences of the ferroelastic domain structure were observed near the ferroelastic phase transition temperature in [N(CH3)4]2ZnBr4 single crystal. It was, found that the domain structure reaches a metastable state within about 20sec after quenching. The domain size increases with decreasing temperature.


The aim of this paper is to present a wide spectrum of motivational factors involved in the formation of innovative nouns by Polish and English-speaking children. The paper examines both language dependent motivational factors, i.e. relationship between target and source (Radden and Panther 2004) and language independent motivational factors, such as an ecological niche, economy and perceptual salience. Consequently, it is argued that all the novel nouns are metonymically motivated irrespective of the language used, and the derivational mechanism relied on (be it deverbal nominalization or compounding). In order to show the key role of motivation in the process of innovative nouns formation the Idealised Cognitive Model proposed by Lakoff (1987) has been adopted.


After the integral DCS modification of No.1 generator set in Zhujiang power plant,the control tactics of trip circuit for pulverizing system,test and the improvement of related circuit were introduced.After the completion of control circuit,the processing capability of generator set for trip mode of coal pulvrizing system was upgraded significantly.


A nonlinear theory is presented for the resonance of long gravity waves trapped on an uneven bottom when a long packet of short swells is incident. By allowing the trapped wave to be comparable in amplitude to the incident swells, the transient evolution of trapped waves is studied from initial growth through maturity to final decay, for swell packets of finite duration. For a totally submerged ridge, it is found that, while the trapped waves are resonated by second-order periodic modulations of the swell envelope, energy transfer to short swells and nonlinear emission of long waves act as damping mechanisms to limit the amplification. Bottom friction is not qualitatively crucial and affects the results only quantitatively. For a closed beach, breaking of short swells is dealt with empirically but resonant modulation is still the primary factor in exciting surf beats.


According to the basic demands and extended demands of electronic voting,one newly electronic voting scheme was proposed in this paper.This scheme was based on the knowledge of elliptic curve cryptography(ECC),elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA),blind signature technique,and tamper-resist smart card.Analysis showed that this scheme achieved not only basic demands such as completeness,soundness,privacy,unreusability,but also extended demands such as receipt-freeness,universal verifiability and higher efficiency.This scheme assured the simultaneity of receipt-freeness and universal verifiability.


In Russia, potato is the second economically important crop, which is widely cultivated not only on commercial fields, but also on numerous private plots, which produce a doubled potato yield comparing to agricultural companies. Nevertheless, during the last 30 years, the total potato production in Russia reduced by 40%. In the case of private plots, potato production reduced by even more then 50%. One of the possible reasons is that potato is difficult in cultivation and is susceptible for a number of diseases able to significantly reduce the yield quantity and quality. This paper describes a new approach to the crop protection based on the use of digital technologies to control the early and late blight of potato and to reduce the negative influence of excess fungicides on the human health and environment.


A survey of the development of basic ideas in the phenomenology of relaxation kinetics of glasses is given, beginning with the classical dependences introducing time dependent relaxation times (R. & F. Kohlrausch, Weber, Boltzmann and Williams & Watts) or considering direct structural change (Maxwell, Adams & Williamson, Eyring & Tobolsky). The merits and disadvantages of both approaches are compared and a connection is established between them, allowing the direct switch from one phenomenological model to the other. Using one of the basic principles of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes (sometimes called the Phenomenological Law) in a generic way, new and more general relaxational dependences are derived in two forms: one as a semi-linear approximation and a second one in terms of a generalised first order reaction kinetics formula. It is shown, that from the generic approach, which was used recently also in deriving the kinetics of vitrification both the Kohlrausch and the Maxwell type dependences follow as particular cases. In this way both a derivation and a reappraisal of Kohlrausch's stretched exponent formula is made in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. A comparison is given with experimental data and good correspondence is found with the phenomenological models derived and employed.


- Balthasar van der Pol's experiments on electrical circuits during the 1920s and 1930s opened an interesting chapter in the history of dynamics. The need for advancements in radio technology made van der Pol's work pertinent and his research stimulated mathematical interest in nonlinear oscillators. In particular, van der Pol's work caught the attention of Cambridge mathematicians M. L. Cartwright and J. E. Littlewood. Topology and Poincare's transformation theory provided a key to analyzing behavior of nonlinear oscillators and dissipative systems. Resulting mathematical techniques have played a significant role in the development of the modern theory of dynamical systems and chaos. In addition, nonlinear oscillator theory has led to the development of radio, radar, and laser technology. The collaboration between Cartwright and Littlewood began just before World War II and lasted approximately ten years. They published four joint papers, and individually published several other papers based on joint work. Their collaboration produced some of the earliest rigorous work in the field of large parameter theory. They were among the first mathematicians to recognize that topological and analytical methods could be combined to efficiently obtain results for various problems in differential equations, and their results helped inspire the construction of Smale's horseshoe diffeomorphism.l Their names can be included with those mathematicians, including Levinson, Lefschetz, Minorsly, Liapounov, KIyloff, Bogolieuboff, Denjoy, Birkhoff, and Poincare, whose work provided an impetus to the development of modern dynamical theory. Cartwright knew G. H. Hardy at Oxford before she met Littlewood. Cartwright joined a special group when she began to attend Hardy's Friday class at New College in January, 1928. The participants included Gertrude Stanley, John Evelyn, E. H. Linfoot, L. S. Bosenquet, Frederick Brand, and Tirukkannapuram Vijayarhagavan. Nearly all completed their D. Phils by the summer of 1928. The universal feeling among the participants was that they were studying under a very great man who had not yet been recognized fully. Cartwright appreciated Hardy's stylE and philosophy of mathematics. She recalled that he took immense trouble with his students whether they were good, bad, or indifferent. Once, when she had produced an obviously fallacious result, Hardy remarked, "Let's see, there's always hope when you get a sharp contradiction."2 Hardy became Cartwright's initial thesis advisor and she finished with E. C. Titschmarsh when Hardy went on leave to Princeton. Cartwright first met Littlewood in June of 1930 when he went to Oxford to examine her for her Doctor of Philosophy degree. The following October she went to Girton College, Cambridge on a three-year research fellowship. She attended a


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With the development of the Internet, online learning has entered our lives and has been quickly accepted by people. Nowadays, learning with mobile phones and computers has become a normal thing. Many companies have also broken through the scope of traditional education and have begun to develop online learning products. There are many market segments for personalized needs in this market. X Online Education Company is mainly engaged in the development and sales of language learning tools and course products. This article is to use this online education company as an example to explore the profit model of such online education industry enterprises. This paper first expounds the relevant theory of profit model and points out its concept and element composition. Then, the analysis of the industry and the company's internal situation is carried out for the profit environment of X Online Education Company, and the five aspects of the online education company's profit model are explained in combination with the actual situation. In the end, the advantages and problems of the online education company's profit model are analyzed, and reasonable suggestions are made for the problem, which must be given to other companies of the same type. Through the analysis of the profit model of online education companies, it is concluded that they mainly attract customers through the free APP, and charge for other paid courses and shopping malls, and earn profits through course tuition income and commodity income. The profit model is more common in the current online education for the purpose of quality education. The advantage is that the input-output ratio is huge, and it is easy to launch new projects. At the same time, there are certain problems, such as a single profit point and market competition. In this respect, X Online Education Company should continue to improve the operation mode and product quality of existing projects, and actively develop into other market segments, and expand other markets that do not have a large number of enterprises to settle in. machine. Since the government introduced the relevant policies of the online education industry, the entry barriers and general measures of the online education industry have been stricter. The whole industry is facing shuffling, and there are too many homogenized products in the market, only to recognize their own advantages and Only after solving the problem can we maintain long-term profitability and remain invincible.


In February 2014, some large-scale buildings around Tokyo were collapsed or damaged by heavy snow. For light-snow region, using amount of rainfall instead of ground snow depth is recommended to estimate ground snow weight. However, wind influences the amount of rainfall caught by gauges. In this paper, three factors are reported. 1) Survey of conditions at weather observation stations. 2) Analysis of difference between AIJ Recommendations for Loads on Buildings and this survey on conditions of estimating wind speed. 3) Estimation ground snow depth and weight based on this survey. Through this survey, strong effect of wind speed is elucidated.


Abstract We prove a generalization of Pál's conjecture from 1921: if a convex shape P can be placed in any orientation inside a convex shape Q in the plane, then P can also be turned continuously through 360° inside Q. We also prove a lower bound of Ω(m n2) on the number of combinatorially distinct maximal placements of a convex m-gon P in a convex n-gon Q. This matches the upper bound proven by Agarwal et al.


A qualitative analysis of Wiley InterScien- ce, service of Wiley & Sons publisher providing elec- tronic scientific contents, references and full texts, subscribed to mainly by Spanish academic libraries. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the infor- mation coverage, access architecture, search facili- ties, interface characteristics, functionalities and ad- ded value services, based on the subscription held by Bucle, the consortium of Castilla y Leon academic li- braries.


Investigations were made of a high-pressure infrared laser utilizing the 3d–4p transitions in the argon atom at the wavelengths 1.27, 1.69, and 1.79 μm excited in He–Ar and Ne–Ar mixtures by uranium fission fragments. The dependences of the energy, threshold, and spectral characteristics of the laser radiation on the type of buifer gas and on the component ratio of the mixture were determined. A maximum output power of 390 W, with an efficiency of 0.6%, was recorded using an He:Ar = 500:1 mixture at a pressure of 2 atm. The minimum lasing threshold was obtained for a thermal neutron flux density 9 × 1013 cm−2s−1 and an Ne:Ar = 500:1 mixture at a pressure of 1 atm.


Micro/nanomanufactured electromagnetic metamaterials in the THz spectral range may help extending the use of metamaterials in transportation. S-string based THz metamaterials as manufactured by SSLS, in particular, the meta-foil, provide a promising platform for applications. Special emphasis may be given to antennas being conformal or quickly steerable or tunable for inter-traffic communication. Achievements by SSLS in co-operation with MIT and Zhejiang University are discussed and potential applications outlined.


The combination of LnIII ion (GdIII or DyIII) with two different indazole nitronyl nitroxide radicals results in four novel 2p–4f compounds, namely, [Ln(hfac)3(5-IndazoleNIT)]2 (Ln = Gd (1), Dy (2); hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetone; 5-IndazoleNIT = 5-(1′-oxyl-3′-oxido-4′,4′,5′,5′-tetramethyl-4,5-hydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-Indazole) and [Ln(hfac)3(6-IndazoleNIT)]2 (Ln = Gd (3), Dy (4); 6-IndazoleNIT = 6-(1′-oxyl-3′-oxido-4′,4′,5′,5′-tetramethyl-4,5-hydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-Indazole). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that compounds 1–2 are binuclear isostructural complexes with local D2d symmetry, in which each 5-IndazoleNIT molecule acts as a bridging ligand linking two LnIII ions through the oxygen atom of its NO group and nitrogen atom of its indazole ring to form a cyclic four-spin system. Complexes 3–4 exhibit analogous binuclear cyclic four-spin systems, where the symmetry of central LnIII ions is D4d due to the change of location of the NO group in the indazole ring. In addition, compound 2 displays no out-of-phase alternating-current (ac) signal, whereas compound 4 exhibits obvious slow relaxation of magnetization, suggesting single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior. The different magnetic relaxation behaviour between 2 and 4 is largely dependent on the ligand field of the central dysprosium ions.


Early liberalism is a kind of political trend,at the same time it developed into a political movement.In the political movement,the inner contradiction of liberalist theory was gradually exposed,and inevitably broke up.The split of early liberalism started with Rousseau whose theory of liberal democracy expressed itself in radical form.Later,the social shock to its actual use by the French Revolution led to the emergence of its opposite---conservatism.Between the two was utilitarian liberalism which gave up the theory of natural law of Locke's liberalism and took utilitarian principle as the basic principle of moral and legislation.The sploit of early liberalism laid the basis for major contemporary political trend.


The virtual hairlessness of Homo sapiens is one of the outstanding morphological characteristics of the species. Overall reduction of hair cover and, in some populations, hair number, clearly distinguish man from other primates in which hair reduction is more localized as well as from other terrestrial mammals in his size range, most of which are well covered with hair. Because man's hairlessness is rather noticeable, a number of theories have been advanced to account for its existence, but none of these has gained general acceptance. Here I attempt to outline a synthetic view of the evolution of hairlessness in man. One of the most divergent of the theories postulates an aquatic phase in man's evolution, wherein an aquatic human ancestor was subjected to selective pressures similar to those that have resulted in the near hairlessness of some contemporary aquatic mammals (Napier 1970). Certainly supporting evidence for the proposal seems slim (Morris 1967). In a similar vein are ideas such as hair loss being caused by an iodine-deficient diet (Marett 1936). An early proposal that hairlessness enabled man to reduce ectoparasite load was rejected by Darwin (1871). Drawin's general view was that hairlessness was thermally disadvantageous, although remnant hair patches were important in sexual selection. Other theories (Darwin 1871; Keith 1912; Morris 1967; Guthrie 1970) postulated that hairlessness evolved to aid in species identification, sexual signaling (especially in females), social appeasement, as a correlate of an increasing ability of the brain to interpret sensual messages from the skin, as a by-product of neotenuous growth patterns, or as an aid in thermoregulation. It is most often proposed that the evolution of human hairlessness was somehow associated with temperature regulation in a tropical environment. This basic concept has several permutations. Campbell (1966) proposed that hairlessness may be an adaptation for rapid heat loss made necessary because of man' s unusual diurnal hunting regime. Morris (1967) also advocated the hypothesis that hairlessness prevented overheating during hunting chases. He thought hat such hairlessness was necessary because hunting chases were activities for which early man was otherwise poorly adapted physically. Leakey and Lewin (1977) suggested simply that hair loss allowed man to elaborate an efficient cooling system. Glass (1966), taking the opposite approach, suggested that the use of clothing made hairlessness inconsequential and that hair reduction provided no intrinsic advantage. Theories proposing that thermoregulation is the major evolutionary correlate have failed to counter an objection first posed by Darwin (1871) that such theories must explain why man alone among the many tropical, terrestrial, plains, and woodland mammals is hairless. Thus a theory accounting for hair reduction in primitive man must also take into account the continued furriness of his sympatric mammalian associates. Nonetheless, it would seem that thermoregulation remains the most reasonable


This paper describes a system developed for segmenting multiband grayscale images into n-class labeled images at high-throughput rates. This system, which we refer to as the segmentation engine, performs supervised image segmentation using algorithms based on the statistical pattern recognition paradigm. So-called 'features' are computed for each pixel and the feature vector thus formed is presented to a statistical classifier, which uses feature information to determine the most probable class of the pixel. Algorithms are described for the following: features, automatic feature selection, classification and classifier training. While this paper describes the entire system, the algorithmic approach will be emphasized.


A model describing the frequency dependence of backscatter from trabecular bone is presented. Scattering is assumed to originate from the surfaces of trabeculae, which are modeled as long thin cylinders. Measurements from human calcaneus in vitro are in good agreement with theory. For mediolateral insonification at diagnostic frequencies, backscatter coefficient is approximately proportional to frequency cubed. At higher frequencies, the frequency response flattens out.


It has been demonstrated that adult human circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can differentiate to a cardiomyogenic phenotype. Notch signaling promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation and plays a role in heart and vessel development. Here, we investigated the role of Notch activation for cardiac differentiation of EPCs in a coculture system with neonatal cardiomyocyte. After coculture, Notch activation was transiently detected in EPCs, as determined by immunhistochemical detection of NICD (the intracellular cleavage fragment of Notch-1) and expression of human Notch target genes. Inhibition of &ggr;-secretase blocked Notch cleavage and NICD translocation. Furthermore, the expression of the cardiac marker protein &agr;-sarcomeric actinin and troponin T was significantly suppressed by &ggr;-secretase inhibition or addition of soluble recombinant Jagged-1, indicating that Notch activation facilitates cardiac marker gene expression. Because noncanonical Wnts have previously been shown to promote cardiac differentiation, we additionally determined the influence of Notch activation on the expression of Wnt5a and Wnt11. Wnt5a and Wnt11 expression in the human cells was induced by the coculture and was blocked by &ggr;-secretase inhibition. Likewise, stimulation of Notch signaling by immobilized Jagged-1 promoted Wnt5a expression in EPCs. These data suggest that Notch is activated upon coculture of EPCs with neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. &ggr;-Secretase–dependent Notch activation is required for cardiac gene expression in human cells and induces the expression of noncanonical Wnt proteins, which may act in a paracrine manner to further amplify cardiac differentiation.


In this study we evaluated the availability of hairy vetch in reclaimed organic rice production systems. The response to increasing salinity was analyzed by means of the germination rate and seedling growth of hairy vetch. Results showed that seed germination of hairy vetch decreased insignificantly up to concentration of 0.6% NaCl. However, shoot and root growth of hairy vetch showed significant reduction at salinity concentrations higher than 0.1% NaCl level. In these results we were considered that hairy vetch can be use below concentration of 0.1% salinity as green manure crop in reclaimed saline rice production. Introduction Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is playing an important role to improve soil physical properties and soil fertility for the supply of crop nutrients. A hairy vetch cover crop can supply especially nitrogen (Carrera et. al., 2007; Giacomo Tosti et. al., 2012) and also suppress weeds (Enio Campiglia et. al., 2012). Therefore, cover crops are well known for improving soil organic matter, soil structure, water holding capacity, reducing soil erosion, and increasing crop yield (Sainju et al., 2006). This crop is used as a representative legumes green manure for the production of organic agricultural food and grown from October to June as a winter cover crop in the upland and rice paddy fields of South Korea. However, a hairy vetch has not yet been utilized due to high salt accumulation in reclaimed rice production systems. Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and crop production. The area of reclaimed saline land amounts to about 9% (135,100ha) of the total area of agricultural land in South Korea. We were conducted to investigate the impacts of the salt-resistance on seed germination and growth of hairy vetch under laboratory condition. Material and methods Although seedlings are vulnerable stage in the life cycle of plants, their assessment is very important. This experiment was conducted to investigate the salinity resistance on seed germination and seedling growth of hairy vetch and rice. Seed germination is affected by several environmental stresses such as drought, extreme temperatures, heavy metals and salinity. The trails were tested in a growth chamber controlled with 25 ± 0.5°C under laboratory condition. Seeds were sown in three replications in 11 cm diameter Petri-dishes lined with two discs of Whatman No.2 filter paper. The seeds were surface sterilized with 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes then rinsed five times with distilled water. Each replication contained 100 seeds. Germination rate and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and hairy vetch in relation to salinity was examined with seawater, natural salts, sodium chloride and reclaimed saline soil. The concentrations of the salinity were from 0.05 to 1.0 percent. The obtained data was evaluated by the Duncan test. Results Germination of seeds kept in in vitro started within 1~2 days. In vitro conditions were found to quicken the process of seed germination. Results demonstrated clear differences in patterns of germination and seedling growth of rice between the different salinity concentrations. All treatment materials showed a decreased lag in germination with increased amounts of salts. Maximum rice seed germination occurred at the concentration of 0.05% salinity. However, no significant differences were detected with other salinity levels. In contrast, salinity appears to play an important role in seedling development. The length of the primary root and the maximum length of shoot of seedlings were significantly reduced with increased salinities. Germination of hairy vetch was assessed under various salinity concentrations of seawater, natural salts, sodium chloride and reclaimed saline soil: 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0%. Significant 1 Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea, www,rda.go.kr, eMail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea, www,rda.go.kr, eMail: firstname.lastname@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com LEE S-B, KIM J-H, YUN J-C Availability of hairy vetch as leguminous green manure crops for organic rice cultivation in reclaimed saline land 950 decreases in germination percentage were observed above the concentration of 0.6% salinity. Salt tolerance at the seedling stage was analyzed in 10 day old seedlings, grown in petri-dish. The high seedling survival percentage for the trial was observed in the treatment with seawater. Increasing salt concentration was delayed germination. Furthermore, seed germination was inhibited by natural salts and sodium chloride solution to a similar degree to seawater. These results are in agreement with those previously reported by WANG Zhou-fei et.al. Table 1. Comparison of the rice germination rate of rice after 10 days of treatment at different salinity concentration levels * significant at P<0.05 Figure 1. The seedling growth of rice after 10 days of treatment at different salinity concentration levels Table 2. Comparison of the germination rate of hairy vetch after 7 days of treatment at different salinity concentration levels Treatment materials Concentration of salinity (%) 0 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 seawater 81 79 74 73 72 71 69 56 47 43 43 43 natural salts 84 78 77 71 70 70 69 68 55 40 18 15 sodium chloride 81 77 73 71 70 65 63 63 48 28 27 12 reclaimed soil 52 29 24 17 16 14 12 10 7 6 3 2 * significant at P<0.05 Treatment materials Concentration of salinity (%) 0 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 seawater 85 97 87 87 86 86 85 85 82 78 67 65 natural salts 86 88 84 83 78 78 75 71 76 a 54 23 22 sodium chloride 84 84 82 83 82 82 76 48 47 21 3 2 reclaimed soil 56 46 45 41 41 38 37 37 35 31 31 b 31 RAHMANN G & AKSOY U (Eds.) (2014) Proceedings of the 4 ISOFAR Scientific Conference. 'Building Organic Bridges', at the Organic World Congress 2014, 13-15 Oct., Istanbul, Turkey (eprint ID 23671) 951 Seedlings of hairy vetch were tested for their tolerance to combined salinity. Salinity at 0.05% concentration of seawater enhanced seedling growth in this crop. Reductions in seedling establishment showed from 0.3% levels with increases of salinity. Significant negative correlations were identified between salinity treatment materials. Salinity may be one of the possible reasons for decreased seedling growth of hairy vetch plants under saline conditions. We suggested that the negative effects of salinity in this crop were mainly due to Na and/or Cl toxicity. Salt-induced inhibition of seed germination could be attributed to osmotic stress or to specific ion toxicity (Bajji et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2010). Discussion Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is an important cover crop world-wide for weed management and improving nitrogen fertilization. The objective of this research was the evaluation of the response of hairy vetch to conditions of high salinity. Hairy vetch has demonstrated the lower tolerance to salinity variability than rice. The current study suggested that the germination percentage of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) seeds was strongly reduced when 0.6% concentration of salinity was treated. We also observed the differences in salinity resistance to salt sources. Hairy vetch may be able to utilize below the concentration of 0.1% salinity in reclaimed saline land. Therefore, we could be determined the degree of salt resistance in hairy vetch and rice plants. Rice and hairy vetch were decreased in germination rate and seedling growth with increasing salinity. Figure 2. The seedling growth of hairy vetch after 10 days of treatment at different salinity concentration levels References Bajji M, Kinet JM, Lutts S (2002): Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl on germination, early seedling growth, and ion content of Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae). Can J Bot. 80: 297~304 Carrera L.M, Buyer J.S, Vinyard B, Abdul-Baki A.A, Sikora L.J & Teasdale J.R ( 2007): Effects of cover crops, compost, and manure amendments on soil microbial community structure in tomato production systems. Applied Soil Ecology 37(3): 247~255 Enio Campiglia, Emanuele Radicetti & Robeto Mancinelli (2012): Weed control strategies and yield response in a pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.) mulched with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) residues. Crop Protection 33: 65~73 Giacomo Tosti, Paolo Benincasa, Michela Farneselli, Roberta Pace, Francesco Tei, Marcello Guiducci and Kristian Thorup-Kristensen (2012): Green manuring effect of pure and mixed barley – hairy vetch winter cover crops on maize and processing tomato N nutrition. European Journal of Agronomy 43: 136~146 LEE S-B, KIM J-H, YUN J-C Availability of hairy vetch as leguminous green manure crops for organic rice cultivation in reclaimed saline land 952 Sainju U.M, Whitehead W.F, Singh B.P, Wang, S (2006): Tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil nitrogen and cotton and sorghum yields. Eur. J. Agron. 25: 372~382 Wang Zhou-fei, WANG Jian-fei, Bao Yong-mei, Wu Yun-yu, Su Xuan, Zhang Hong-Sheng (2010) Inheritance of Rice Seed Germination Ability under Salt Stress. Rice Science 17(2): 105~110 Zhang H, Irving LJ, McGill C, Matthew C, Zhou D, Kemp P (2010): The effects of salinity and osmotic stress on barley germination rate: sodium as an osmotic regulator. Ann Bot. 106: 1027~1035


Life course has become a paradigm in social sciences,particularly demographic research.However,it is still largely unknown to Chinese academia.To apply the life course perspective to relevant research,we must first learn its intellectual roots,key concepts,and major research methods.By surveying classic studies,we find that life course research is rooted in life span approach,the perspectives of relationships,life cycle and status attainment,as well as the thinking about age and temporality.Its two key concepts are cumulation and turning point.Its major research methods include retrospective and prospective life history studies.


Objective:To monitor the injury effect of homocysteine on the EC of blood vessels,and anti injury effect of Chinese herbal medicine with the actions of tonishing the kidney,activating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis.Methods:The effect of Hcy on EC was monitored separately in control group and injury group,and its effect on LDH was monitored in normal,injury and drug administered groups.Results:Hcy could alter the form of HUVEC and inhibit EC growth,with the release of LDH increasing remarkably,whereas in drug administered group the release of LDH decreased remarkably.Conclusion:Hcy in serum can be a virulent injury to endothelial cells of the blood vessel,and Chinese herbal medicine has been proved to be effective in preventing injury and protecting metabolism of cells.


Quality of ration can be evaluated using several methods, such as chemical, biolog i cal and physical test. Physical characteristics of ration are important aspects in feed mill industry, because they are related to handling efficiency, processing and storage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of using tapioca, bentonite and onggok binders on the physical characteristic s of crumble ration. The treatments were commercial ration ( basal ration) + 2% tapioca, basal ration + 2% bentonite and basal ration + 2% onggok . The parameters observed were water content, water activity, particle size, specific density, bulk density, compact bulk density, angle of heap, softness and impact resistance of crumble and durability. The experimental data were analysed using analysis of variance according to completely randomised design consisted of four treatments and five replications for each treatment and t he differences among treatments were further tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result of this experiment showed that the addition of tapioca, bentonite and onggok as binders affected (P<0.01) physical chracteristics of crumble. It affected water content, water activity, bulk density, compact bulk density and durability. Particle size of ration with binders was significantly different from commercial ration. Ration with tapioca binder had the lowest value for water content and water activity, i.e. 9.42% and 0.84 respectively. Ration with bentonite binder had the highest value for bulk density, compacted bulk density , and durability, i.e. 0.686 g/cm 3 , 0.769 g/cm 3 , and 95%, respectively. Particle size of ration which was binded with tapioca, bentonit e or onggok was categorised moderate compared to the commercial one.


Sargassum extract was studied as a novel green corrosion inhibitor against the corrosion of API-5L carbon steel in 0.1 M HCl solution. The inhibiting action of this extract was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, FTIR was employed to identify the main compound of Sargassum extract. The Sargassum extract was prepared by the maceration process. The maceration process takes 72 h to produce the filtrate. To obtain the Sargassum extract, the filtrate that resulted from the maceration process was evaporated. The inhibitor concentration was varied from 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, to 500 ppm. Furthermore, the temperature and exposure time were also varied to determine their effect on the inhibitor efficiency. The temperature was varied as follows: room temperature, 40°C, and 50°C. The specimens were measured with two conditions, i.e ., with and without pre-exposure for 30 min. The inhibitor efficiency increased when inhibitor concentration, temperature, and exposure time increased according to the polarization test results. Interestingly, Sargassum extract (500 ppm) manifested inhibition efficiency up to 95% with 30 min exposure time. Moreover, the presence of aromatic rings (C=C), hydroxide (O–H), and organic compounds (C–H) was confirmed by FTIR. The results indicate that Sargassum seaweed extract is a good green corrosion inhibitor. polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).


We bring together the lessons drawn from the computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis of the impacts of trade liberalization on poverty in seven Asian and African countries: Bangladesh, Benin, India, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines and Senegal. We compare and contrast the results in these countries, explaining where there are similarities and why there are differences. Particular attention is paid to identifying how the specific characteristics of each country – initial tariff structure, trade patterns, relative factor endowments, production patterns, income sources and consumption patterns of the poor, etc. – modify the results. Conclusions are then drawn with respect to the key factors in managing trade liberalization and designing appropriate accompanying measures. Results show that trade liberalization has little but positive impact on welfare and poverty. Overall, industrial sectors benefit - relatively to agriculture - from trade liberalization and so are urban households relatively to their rural counterparts.


We present a formal reconstruction of the theories of the medieval logician Robert Kilwardby, focusing on his account of accidental and natural inferences and the underlying modal logic that gives rise to it. We show how Kilwardby's use of an essentialist modality underpins his connexive account of implication.