Abstract:The traditional theme of the prostitute in popular texts has been ubiquitously employed in different times and cultures. In the South Korean context, the cultural representation of prostitutes was most prominent in 'hostess (a Korean euphemism for prostitute) films' during the 1970s. This was an ironic turn of events, given that state censorship was at its peak during the military regime (1960–1979). During the 1970s, South Korean cinema was often referred to as having hit a low point due to state regulation of films. However, hostess films became box office hits and contributed to the rejuvenation of the declining Korean movie industry.Hostess films are characterized by the dichotomy of realism and the hyper-stylistic representation of their heroines. They dealt with realistic issues related to the migration of peasant women during the industrialization of South Korea and involve the contradictory presentations of highly unrealistic, idealized heroines. While conventional Holly-wood films portray sexually fallen women as immoral and eroticized, hostess films instead, focus on their extremely selfless and inherently good natures. The sacrificial qualities of hostess women often involve films with tragic endings that generically conclude with a heroine sacrificing herself for the sake of a man, a family and/or a nation. This article traces the cultural construction of the prostitute in popular texts and scrutinizes the major conventions of South Korean hostess films. In doing so, this work unspools how wider discourses concerning female sexuality, gender, and cultural politics were waged over the films' deployment of the bodies of women and sex during a key formative period of Korean history.


There are many time disciplinarians in the sports training,such as the time characteristic for metaphase and short-term training factors before big game and time-period pattern for the whole course and so on.Pre-competition training is important to players' performance in competition.Based on the study of the pre-competition training of the male pistol shooting players of Guangdong,a theoretical and practical basis for the efficient adjustment and control of the time disciplinarian is proposed.


This paper addresses flight control system synthesis and the accommodation of controlled plant variation in an aircraft design envelope by using the frequency domain based quantitative feedback theory (QFT) robust control system design method. Plant variations considered include varying flight conditions in the flight envelope and damage to aerodynamic control surfaces. A robust flight control system is designed for the aircraft's longitudinal and lateral directional channels and validated with simulations containing nonlinear saturation elements. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This paper was produced under the auspices of the US Government and it is therefore not subject to copyright in the US.


Background/Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be an important regulator of inflammatory response. Our aim was to study the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected gastric epithelial cells. Methods: Human gastric epithelial Hs746T cells were infected with H. pylori and iNOS mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. NO production was assayed by determining nitrite/nitrate levels in culture supernatants. To determine the polarity of NO secretion, Caco-2 cells were cultured in transwell chambers and NO production was measured. Results: iNOS mRNA and NO production were significantly increased in the cells infected with H. pylori. The specific MAP kinase inhibitors decreased H. pylori-induced iNOS and NO up-regulation. After polarized Caco-2 epithelial cells were infected with H. pylori, NO was released predominantly into the apical compartment, and IL-8 was released predominantly into basolateral compartment. The addition of IFN- to H. pylori-infected Caco-2 cells showed a synergistically apical and basolateral NO release. Conclusions: These results suggest that apical NO production in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells may influence the bacteria and basolateral production of NO may play a role in the tissue inflammation.


Phalaenopsis lobbii(Rchb.f.)H.R.Sweet,a newly recorded species of Orchidaceae from China. P.mannii Rchb.f.is reported as a new record to Guangxi. According to the two kinds of the current resources of Phalaenopsis,the conservation policy was put forward.


AbstractIn this article, the author, combining the experience of applying the modularized electronic medical records and related documents in the teaching process: causing a sense of inertia in students, medical records being short of individual characteristics, contents of medical records being piled and self-contradictory, and a weakening of the basic clinical skills of students. Related countermeasures are brought forward in the article: giving play to the subjective initiative of students, enhancing the teachers' sense of responsibility and their teaching capability, and enhancing communication between students and teachers. Knowledge of the problems and the countermeasures are beneficial for the improvement of clinical teaching.


This paper presents the design of a compact dielectric resonator antenna for 2.4 GHz wireless local area network or industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band applications. The antenna consists of four stacked layers of dielectric resonators along with a rigid structure of coplanar waveguide feed. The complete antenna is placed on a safety helmet conformably to develop a wearable system for rescue workers. The achieved −10 dB bandwidth at 2.4 GHz is 6.6% (2.33–2.49 GHz). The maximum gain achieved with this proposed dielectric resonator antenna is 3.74 dBi. "On head performance" of this proposed helmet antenna is also observed including human head model in the simulation.


Preface Part I. A Ruthless Criticism of Everything Existing: 1. Modernism as we know it, ideology, and the quilting point Part II. Relationship Problems: 2. Modernism, love, and truth 3. The love of Troilus and Cressida Part III. The Revolutionary Kernel of Reactionary Music: 4. Communist modernism 5. A new community Afterword: what to do?


Websites like YouTube provide an easy way to watch the billions of how-to videos on the web, but the interfaces are not optimized for learning. Previous research suggests that users learn more from how-to videos when the information from the video is presented in outline form, with individual steps and labels for groups of steps (subgoals) shown. We intend to create an alternative video viewer where the steps and subgoals are displayed alongside the video. In order to generate this information we propose a learnersourcing approach where we gather useful information from people trying to actively learn from a video. We believe learnersourcing is a sustainable and constructive method for enhancing educational material. To demonstrate this method, we created a workflow that encourages users to contribute and refine subgoals for a given how-to video. Users in our pilot study of three videos were able to generate subgoals comparable to those created by the author, which suggests that learnersourcing may be a viable approach.


The aim of this paper is to obtain a common fixed point theorem by using a non-Lipschitzian type condition and to establish a situation in which a pair of mappings may possess common fixed points as well as coincidence points which may not be common fixed points.


As a particular social representation,the travel destination image is an important factor to stir tourists'desire to a tour.In the forming course of the social representation on a travel destination,the visual(film and television)media is one of the important factors,and it influences this representation through these factors as follows: the characteristics of this media,the agenda-setting function of film and TV,the receivers' cultural psychology and the mass media background.The two characteristics of "social sharing" and "behaviour interpreting" decide that the tourism of film and TV works is inevitably one of mass tourism.


causing infection in humans was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) and the disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 was defined as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). When looking the clinical features of COVID-19, a variable course ranges from asymptomatic persons to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Virus particles primarily infect the respiratory mucosa and other cells over time, triggering an overproduction of cytokines in the body with a series of immune responses. Given the lack of effective vaccine and the antiviral therapy for this new virus, it is thought that anti-cy-tokine-targeted approaches to inhibit cytokine storm will positively affect the course of the disease. Due to the lack of positive response from systemic corticosteroids in treatment, interest in drugs with more spesific effects has increased. Interleukin (IL)-1ß,the first synthesized cytokine in the inflammatory response, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which is activated in the early stages of inflammation, are the structures that can be targeted in inhibiting cytokine storm. In this study, evaluations were made for the agents that can be used in anti-cytokine-targeted therapy.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to show that the empirical and conceptual constraints arising from the scientific research on pain phenomena should be taken into account in philosophical discussions concerning the nature and function of pain; otherwise, there is a good chance that philosophers will advocate too simplistic, confused or even outrightly mistaken theories or conceptions of pain. In order to prove this point, one of the most influential philosophical theories of pain—the so‐called perceptual view of pain—is put to scrutiny in the light of the psychological, clinical and neurophysiological data coming from the field of pain research. More specifically, these data are presented in such a way as to show that the sensory quality or sensory aspect of pain is, contrary to the objectivistic claims of the perceptual view of pain, a necessary component of our total pain experience.


The ethnic body-building exercise is a kind of sport project created by deeply developing the traditional sports resources of the ethnic groups in recent years and a phenomenon of sports culture.The study explains the issues on cultural source,conceptual connotation,action features,and self-adaptability of ethnic body-building exercise.It also explores how to conduct the ethnic body-building exercise in higher school by analyzing the practical situations of higher school in ethnic groups inhabited regions.


It was possible to measure the interaction between membrane polymer and solutes by liquid chromatography pached with membrane materials. The results obtained from liquid chromatograhy are useful to consider the mechanism of membrane separation and membrane materials. The retention mechanism in liquid chromatography in these systems, however, are not made clear sufficiently.In this paper, we described the retention characteristics of inorganic salts and of organic compounds in cellulose acetate-water system, and discussed the retention mechanism and the impacts upon membrane process. Moreover, the other systems of liquid chromatography were also mentioned and the availabillity of liquid chromatography for the study of membrane separation was discussed.


This study demonstrates that shock-loaded 304 stainless steel transforms at very low temperature by a stress-assisted nucleation, or different types of strain-induced mechanism.


In Health Physics Division annual progress report for period ending July 31, 1973. Research on the effects of an EMP (electromagnetic pulse) from a high- altitude nuclear detonation on electrical systems is reviewed. Topics include surges induced in transmission lines; effects of EMP on the supervisory control equipment of a power station; the stability of the electric power system in a nuclear electromagnetic environment; effects of electromagnetic pulse on radio communications; and the voltage induced in infinite, lossless, two-wire transmission line by parallel finite current sources. (WRK)


In a patient with motor neuron disease and benign IgMk monoclonal gammopathy, the M rprotein reacted with the glycolipids GM1, GD1b, and asialo GM1 and, by immunoblot, with some high‐molecular‐weight neural‐specific glycoproteins. The main reactive bands had an approximate molecular weight of 250 and 400 kd, were most concentrated in the spinal cord, and were also bound by the lectin peanut agglutinin. The presence of the Gal(b̃1‐3) GalNAc epitope on these neural‐specific glycoproteins may help to explain the selective neurological impairment of the patient.


Based on the pavement preventive maintenance project of some road sections in the 2012′s Special Maintenance Storage of Huanghua-Shijiazhuang Expressway,this paper explores the original pavement management measures before overlay,4cm overlay design scheme,the solution for the related problems during overlay design,and the protection measures for construction,material and environment.It can provide reference for similar projects.


The traditional, Humboldtian type of the university faces serious criticism. The answer of the European Commission to weaknesses is the modernization concept with a goal of transformation from Humboldtian towards entrepreneurial university. Modernization concept is the policy promoting three main reforms. Curricular reform symbolized by the Bologna Process is accompanied by the governance reform and the funding reform designed to enable change from input-oriented towards output-oriented budgeting. The discussion of concept and some possible solutions in measurement of the efficiency and effectiveness in the education system is given. Special attention is concentrated on rate of return measurement in education, particularly in tertiary education.


High‐energy synchrotron‐radiation (SR) light was applied to the photochemical‐vapor deposition of amorphous carbon films. The source gases of CH4 and H2 have been directly photodissociated by the ultraviolet SR light to deposit carbon films on the heated Si substrate. The film structure was characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering, and infrared absorption, which indicate the film to be a rigid amorphous structure comprised of mostly sp3‐bonded carbon. The advantage as well as the limitation of the synchrotron‐radiation process to the synthesis of functional materials is discussed.


Recently, spin interference effect based on the Rashba effect in a square loop (SL) geometry is proposed theoretically [Koga et al., Phys. Rev. B 70, 161302(R) (2004)] and demonstrated experimentally [Koga et al., Phys. Rev. B 74 in press] using In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As quantum wells (QW), where the spin precession angle θ per side of the SL can be controlled by the applied gate voltage via the Rashba spin-orbit coupling constant α. In the present work, we include the effect of the bulk inversion asymmetry, so-called Dresselhaus term, in our model calculation. We found that the agreement between the experimental and simulation results are greatly improved by the inclusion of the Dresselhaus term in the model calculation. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Introduction The development of telecommunication technologies and the diffusion of its eHealth applicability have enabled the implementation of a wide range of telemedicine systems, supporting clinical practices in different regions of the world. Distant and poorer areas of the globe, often characterized by difficult access and hazardous environments, are those that can most benefit from availability of remote consultations. This is due to the high costs associated with the transportation of specialized health teams and medical equipment between major cities and small villages, sometimes essential for the provision of adequate health care. Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with socioeconomic inequalities and uneven distribution of specialized health care, making it an ideal environment for establishment of eHealth initiatives. Objective The main objectives were (1) to develop an efficient method for acquiring and delivering patient medical information in remote areas using local Internet and (2) to assist urban and Indian populations in the Brazilian Amazon presenting with skin lesions and cardiovascular diseases. Methodology Ethical approval was granted by the research and Ethics Committees of PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. The project comprised: (1) triage and patient interview; (2) digital ECG and skin picture acquisition; (3) data management, storage and transmission; (4) delivery of expert second opinion based on development of a secure and confidential communication system between the receiving and delivering sites. Upon internet availability, the system was programmed to connect to the Microgravity Centre's main server and to synchronise all collected data. Specialist health professionals accessed this server and the electronic patient records via a secure application installed on personal computers. Patient information, images, and exams were analysed by health specialists at the delivering site, and an opinion and treatment suggestion was offered. Cases that proved inconclusive were due to a lack of available information or the need for further laboratory exams. The opinions were secured in an encrypted PDF envelope and returned to the receiving site, where final diagnosis and treatment remained the responsibility of the local health team. Results Telecardiology (n=98): 59 (60.2%) normal ECGs, whilst 39 (39.8%) were altered, showing arrhythmias, conductive alterations and signs of ventricular hypertrophy. No patients presented signs of acute ischemia. In teledermatology (n=110): 57 (51.8%) patients did not present any skin disease. Among the patients with dermatological problems (n=53; 48.2%), the most common diagnoses were eczema, pityriasis versicolor, tinea, onychomycosis, and superficial mycosis. In five patients, the dermatologist suspected a cancerous lesion and recommended further investigation. Conclusion The telemedicine tools and the telecommunication system developed for this project proved to have a great applicability for diagnosis of dermatological skin conditions and for assessment of patient cardiovascular diseases. It was possible to remotely diagnose dermatological and cardiovascular conditions in a short period of time, at low cost and without the need for transportation of patients to other locations. It is believed that the eHealth assistance model applied in this project can be transferred to other places that have access to an Internet connection.


The purpose of this study was to find the effects of electronic hogu user experience on achievement goal and self-efficacy. The subjects were taekwondo players who had experience in taekwondo competition. 453 samples out of 500 samples through convenient sampling method were adopted as a final data. We confirmed the goodness of fit test of the model, utilizing SPSS WIN Ver 18.0, and AMOS 7.0, and after which we tested each hypothesis. The results were as follows; First, electronic hogu user experience had not a significant influence on task-oriented of achievement goal. Second, sentient, emotional, cognitive experience of electronic hogu user experience had not a significant influence on ego-oriented of achievement goal. Third, behavioral, relational experience of electronic hogu user experience had a significant influence on ego-oriented of achievement goal. Fourth, task-oriented, ego-oriented of achievement goal had a significant influence on self-efficacy. This paper attempts to effect relation electronic hogu user experience and achievement goal, self-efficacy of taekwondo players. Utilizing this relationship, it must establish the research model which can growth the taekwondo.


The exchange of control messages in medium access control protocols for cognitive radio networks is an important issue, due to the need of keeping transmissions of primary (licensed) users free of interferences occasioned by the presence of secondary users. In an underlay access approach, power constrains must be established in order to allow coexistence between primary and secondary users. In this paper, we propose the implementation of two different types of underlaying control channels, available to the nodes of a cognitive network. One of these channels is used to coordinate the network, while the other type of channel aims to local coordination of each pair of nodes. Code division multiple access based on a direct sequence spread spectrum technique, combined with adaptive frequency hopping is used in order to minimize interferences to primary transmissions, maximize the bit rate of the control messages for the cognitive radio devices.


Objective To investigate and analyse the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9(MMP-2 and MMP-9) in endometrial polyps from premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Methods choose each 30 premenopausal and postmenopausal endometrium polyps diagnosed by pathology after hysteroscopic biopsy in gynecology department of our hospital during Jan,2006 – Jun,2009.Choose postmenopausal normal endometrium as contral group.Immunoahistochamical analysis for COX-2,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were performed on formalin fixed,paraffin-embedded tissue using GnRHR technique.Rusults In both epothellial cells and stroma of premenopausal polys the expression of COX-2 was significantly higer compared to postmenopausal polys.(P0.05).There was no other differences in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the epothellial cells of premenopausal and postmenopausal polys(P 0.05).Stromal expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in premenopausal polys were significantly higher than in postmenopausal.Conslusion Both polys of premenopause and postmenopause express COX-2,MMP-2,MMP-9 in epothium and stroma.Immunohistochemical expression of these markers mey be in?enced by the ststus of menopause.This result may suggest that these proteins play some roles in the formation of endometrial polyps.


Objective:To explore the feasibility of intraoperative cholangiography and radical resection of choledochal cyst with hepaticojejunostomy by laparoscopy.Methods:Under laparoscopic guidance,34 cases of congenital choledochal cyst undergone an intraoperative cholangiography,the gallbladder and the cystic choledochus were excised completely,Roux-en-Y anastomosis was constructed after exteriorization of the jejunum via the umbilical trocar incision.After repositioning of the bowel an end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy was carried out intracorporeally by the hand suture.Results:There were 24 cystic and 10 fusiform dilatations according to cholangiography.These procedures were performed in 33 patients without intraoperative events with a median duration of 4.2 hours(range from 3.5 to 6.5 hours).One conversion was necessitated due to intrapancreatic choledochocele.4 cases with intrahepatic ductal stenoses underwent the duct plasty concomitantly.Hospitalization ranged from 5 to 7 days after the procedure.There was no postoperative complication during a follow up period from 5 to 40 months.Conclusions:Laparoscopic cholangiography is a simple and valuable method,which can directe laparoscopic resection of total choledochal cysts,to prevent the union injury and treat stenosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts.


Quantum dots (QDs) can be used as fluorescent probes in single molecule localization microscopy to achieve subdiffraction limit resolution (super-resolution fluorescence imaging). However, the toxicity of Cd in the prototypical CdSe-based QDs can limit their use in biological applications. Furthermore, commercial CdSe QDs are usually modified with relatively thick shells of both inorganic and organic materials to render them in the 10–20 nm size range, which is relatively large for biological labels. In this report, we present compact (4–6 nm) CuInS2/ZnS (CIS/ZnS) and compare them to commercially sourced CdSe/ZnS QDs for their blinking behavior, localization precision and super-resolution imaging. Although commercial CdSe/ZnS QDs are brighter than the more compact Cd-free CIS/ZnS QD, both give comparable results of 4.5–5.0-fold improvement in imaging resolution over conventional TIRF imaging of actin filaments. This likely results from the fact that CIS/ZnS QDs show very short on-times and long off times which leads to less overlap in the point spread functions of emitting CIS/ZnS QD labels on the actin filaments at the same labeling density. These results demonstrate that CIS/ZnS QDs are an excellent candidate to complement and perhaps even replace the larger and more toxic CdSe-based QDs for robust single- molecule super-resolution imaging.


A technique, utilizing transmission electron microscopy, is described that enables the modeling and diffraction simulation of structural development during the processing of gelderived products. This technique relies on the determination of the position and relative intensity of diffuse electron diffraction rings from small domains. X-ray diffraction cannot provide a basis for this analysis. A qualitative microcrystal modeling of the structural changes accompanying the in situ transformation of a zirconia-precursor gel to crystalline ZrO2 is described. A quantitative analysis is possible only after correction for the inelastic diffraction effect and a calibration of the nonlinear response of the photographic film.


Automatic inference of affect relies on representative data. For viable applications of such technology the use of naturalistic over posed data has been increasingly emphasised. Creating a repository of naturalistic data is however a massively challenging task. We report results from a data collection exercise in one of the most significant application areas of affective computing, namely computer-based learning environments. The conceptual and methodological issues encountered during the process are discussed, and problems with labelling and annotation are identified. A comparison of the compiled database with some standard databases is also presented.


HD 41004 is an unusual multiple star/planet system. Recent TESS photometry revealed a striking 31 hr period, far too short for the slowly rotating K dwarf primary. Instead, the modulation likely is from the diminutive dM secondary, spun-up to synchronous rotation by its close-in brown dwarf companion, and suffering intense magnetic activity as a result. If so, the red dwarf is perhaps destined to someday return the favor by cannibalizing its substellar partner.


Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary calcium excess during growth on the performance of chickens. In Experiment 1, 8 diets of two levels of available phosphorus and four levels of calcium were fed growing chickens during 4-20 weeks of age. Dietary available phosphorus levels were 0.4% (normal) and 0.6%, and calcium levels were 0.75 (normal), 1.75, 2.75 and 3.75%, respectively. In Experiment 2, 6 diets of 6 calcium levels (0.75, 2.25, 2.75, 3.25, 3.75 and 4.25%) with normal available phosphorus level (0.4%) were fed growing chickens during 10-20 weeks of age. After 20 weeks old, conventional laying diet (calcium 2.75%) were fed all the pullets.The results were as follows.1. The pullets fed diets containing 2.75% calcium or above with normal phosphorus level during growing period (4-20 and 10-20 weeks of age) showed significantly lowered growth and feed efficiency compared with normal growing diet (available phosphorus 0.4% and calcium 0.75%). Adverse effect of growth and feed efficiency by dietary calcium excess disappeared with increasing dietary phosphorus level.2. Sexual maturity, egg production, egg weight and feed efficiency during laying period, were not significantly affected by dietary calcium and phosphorus levels in growing period.3. About 1/4 of the pullets fed the diet containing 3.75% calcium and 0.4% available phosphorus during 4-20 weeks of age, died of kidney damage (kidney enlargement and uric acid deposition on kidney, liver and heart).It may be concluded that feeding high calcium diets containing 2.75% (standard calcium level of conventional laying diet) or above to growing chickens must be avoided. Also it was shown that adverse effect of dietary calcium excess was eliminated by the addition of phosphorus to the diet.


Dimension analysis on the Computed Tomography (CT) images of an acrylic phantom that was produced by a 64-multi-slice CT at the Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta has been accomplished. The scanning process was based on the formal scanning protocol for brain, abdomen and chest in the hospital. Formally, the Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format has been used. Alternatively, the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format might be used for customized purpose. In this study, we compared the dimensions of details in the phantom as measured on the image in DICOM format and JPEG format relative to the actual dimension. The dimensions as seen on the reconstructed image of the phantom were analyzed using Brilliance CT software for the image in DICOM format and using ImageJ software for the image in JPEG format. It found that some measurements regarding some features on the image were linear with respect to the actual dimensions both using Brilliance CT software and ImageJ. Measurements for all seven rows of multi-pin holes in multi-pin layer measurement using Brilliance CT software were linear with respect to the actual dimensions. The smallest dimension that can be measured using Brilliance CT software was 2 mm. Measurements using ImageJ software for JPEG format were linear with respect to the actual dimensions. The smallest dimension that can be measured using ImageJ software was 1 mm.Dimension analysis on the Computed Tomography (CT) images of an acrylic phantom that was produced by a 64-multi-slice CT at the Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta has been accomplished. The scanning process was based on the formal scanning protocol for brain, abdomen and chest in the hospital. Formally, the Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format has been used. Alternatively, the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format might be used for customized purpose. In this study, we compared the dimensions of details in the phantom as measured on the image in DICOM format and JPEG format relative to the actual dimension. The dimensions as seen on the reconstructed image of the phantom were analyzed using Brilliance CT software for the image in DICOM format and using ImageJ software for the image in JPEG format. It found that some measurements regarding some features on the image were linear with respect to the actual dimensions both using Brilliance CT software and ImageJ. Measuremen...


Particular embodiments of the present invention may comprise an occupant of a vehicle recognizing system, method, and apparatus. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method of identifying an occupant of a vehicle. The method includes the steps of receiving a primary identification (ID) input, and one or more secondary ID input, retrieve and process the primary ID input including an identification token information, the cluster information based on at least one primary ID input a step, associated with one or more of the steps of comparing the secondary ID, type cluster information, one or at least partially the passenger identification information on the basis of a comparison of the cluster information of the plurality of secondary ID input and comprising a step of determining the confidence value, the reliability value obtained and a step of outputting the information based at least in part.


We introduce a multi-channel integrated circuit for fast stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy on multiple simultaneous frequencies at a frame rate higher than 1 frame/s. The chip is a four-channel differential readout system, based on the lock-in technique. It is able to measure down to 10 ppm SRS signal, over a wide range of input optical powers (50–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$600~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> per channel), with a pixel dwell time of only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Each acquisition channel includes two low-noise preamplifiers, two variable-gain amplifiers, a fully differential voltage subtractor, and a lock-in demodulator. The differential readout electronics rejects the power fluctuations of the laser, and it is automatically balanced by an analog feedback loop over ±30% input power mismatches. Due to the autobalancing network, the pixel dwell time is reduced by a factor up to 225 with a settling time of only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The chip is fabricated in AMS 0.35 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology, and it is included in a combined electronics and optical system. Both single-pixel spectral measurements and multi-spectral imaging measurements are presented to validate the full SRS microscope.


Article History: Received 26.07.2019 Received in revised form 22.08.2019 Accepted 28.08.2019 Available online 30.09.2019 The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sources of social support and motivation and the moderating effect of gender on this relationship for physical activity participation in adolescents. In this study, the relational screening model, one of the quantitative research method, was used. The research was carried out in accordance with the cross‐sectional survey design. The data obtained were evaluated by SPSS 21.0. The research data were obtained from a total of 670 adolescents who were selected by convenience sampling method among secondary and high school students in Ankara, Bursa and Istanbul. As a data collection tool, the Physical Activity Participation Motivation Scale (PAPMS) developed by Tekkurşun Demir and Cicioğlu (2018) and consisted of 16 items and 3 sub‐dimensions, was used. In order to determine the social support perceptions in physical activities of the students in the research, Social Support Scale for Physical Activity in Adolescents (SSSPA) which was developed by Farias Junior et al. (2014) and adapted to Turkish language by Küçükibiş and Eskiler (2019) and consisted of 10 items and 2 sub‐dimensions, was used. Our findings demonstrated that there was a positive relationship between physical activity participation and participantsʹ motivation in physical activity and their perceptions of parent and peer social support. Additionally, there was no statistically significant effect of gender interaction with perception of parental social support on physical activity participation motivation (t=1.36, p>.05). However, it was identified that peer social support perception and gender interaction had statistically significant effect on physical activity motivation (t=1.99, p<.05). The results indicate that as the perception of parent and peer social support increases, female studentsʹ motivation to participate in physical activities increases more than male students. In other words, female students were more positively affected by parent and peer social support than male students. Consequently, adolescentsʹ social support for physical activities had positive effects on their participation and motivation. © 2019 IJPES. All rights reserved


Abstract Among 40 patients diagnosed with leptospirosis in 3 hospitals of western mainland France between 2014 and 2018, half were at least 60 years old and retired. Their exposure factors were mainly rural residential environment with limited remarkable risk factors. Better awareness and information on leptospirosis appear necessary in this population.


A model of the Coldfinger water exhauster for advanced glycol regeneration, based on two-equilibrium stages with internal recirculation of vapor, is proposed and validated on plant data of natural ...


A world without agriculture would be very difficult for all living things because agriculture is an important part of our daily life. Day by day, agriculture is destroyed due to water scarcity, flood, pollutions, soil erosion, deforestation, plant or leaf disease, and so on. The main impact of agriculture is leaf disease or plant disease, which is caused by some kinds of fungus, bacteria, and viruses. If the farmers do not take proper care, then it causes more problems and reduces the quantity and quality of the product. This is the main reason that the detection of leaf disease is very important. In this paper, the tomato leaf disease classification is performed by the Deep Belief Network (DBN). The DBN is mainly focused to classify leaf diseases and improves the quality and production quantity of tomatoes. This method filters the unwanted signal from an input image by Gaussian filter, and then, the Region of Interest (ROI) reduces the pixels of the image. After that, the feature extraction extracts the received data, and finally, the DBN classification system classifies the leaf disease. The implementation and analysis of the proposed method exposed that the DBN classifier for tomato leaf disease classification yields a better performance of 98.97%.


The article analyses the importance of territorial pacts in Italy as a new trend in public policies to promote collective and negotiate processes of local d...


In order to calculate the pressure loss of slurry pipeline accurately, and by means of numerical simulation, this paper studied the influence of pressure loss under the condition of different particle size, and came up with the relational model between slurry particle size and pressure loss in the pipe transportation process. The results show that the effect of slurry with different particle size on pressure loss is different. The pressure loss of the model can accurately predict the slurry pipeline.


This essay aims to consider the relationship between a utopian desire and the creation of a new form of life in Bogdanov's utopian novels, Red Star (1908) and Engineer Menni (1913). The martian world created in these novels can be considered as an 'as-if-perfected' presentation of a new form of life, one which has actually been blocked from its historical actualization. Though this kind of 'as-if-perfectedness' is generally an expression of a certain immaturity of thought, Bogdanov's utopian efforts can have some real significance for us in two points. First, they can help restore the desire for a new form of life back to the Russian Revolution, where, under the predominance of 'Lenin's Road,' i.e., the road of political power, this desire seemed emptied or at least marginalized. Second, they can help us face and overcome the comtemporary challenge of Anthropocene, posed by a series of human-caused 'metabolic rifts' such as climate change, soil depletion, recession of seas, etc. If the dystopian aspect of the 'red star' world is an anticipation of our Anthropocene challenge, its utopian aspect ― harmonious integration of the whole humanity and Universal Organization Science (later Tektology) ― is a potential preparation for coping with the challenge.
To be sure, Bogdanov alone is not enough for overcoming the challenge: his thought cannot but be marked by the limits of his era, the era of bolshevism. On the one hand, the range of integration, the comradeship, must be extended, beyond the bounds of humanity, to all things in the world, inanimate matter included, as in Marx's 'species-being' (Gattungswesen). On the other hand, there must be a distinction, or rather disjunction between the two dimensions of life: that of mere biological existence and that of living life, what D. H. Lawrence called 'the fourth dimension.'


widely occur in the plant kingdom and that may have biological activities, we have developed and synthesized a series of small-molecule tricyclic anthraquinone structural motifs which represents an attractive target for the rational design of new anticancer agents. Antineoplastic drugs generally have a narrow therapeutic index and are delivered at doses close to toxicity. Despite extensive and long-standing clinical utilization, the mechanisms responsible for the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin are still uncertain and have been the subject of considerable controversy. Several naturally occurring compounds having substituted anthraquinone moieties are widely used in cancer chemotherapy and constitute some of the most powerful cytostatics. In previous papers, we reported a series of anthraquinone derivatives (Chart 1) that showed in vitro anticancer activity, together with some of human telomerase evaluation. The structure–activity relationships indicated amido substitution may lead to a different mechanism of cytotoxicity. Although an explanation for the mechanism has not yet emerged, the cytotoxic activity in cultured tumor cell lines is well understood. We still envisioned a new approach to the anthraquinone, taking advantage of the amido side arms at different positions and pharmacophore moiety to the pharmacophore that, if it is not active in the anticancer, can develop activity to produce a synergistic effect. The primary aim for developing anticancer drugs has been for their cytotoxic and cytostatic properties and for their binding capacity to a recombinant fragment of the multi-drug-resistance transporter. These hypotheses suggest that the threering aromatic moiety gives DNA-intercalating ability to cross-linkable side arms of substituents, and the anthraquinone analog is considered as a possible antitumor lead pharmacophore. We established a novel strategy to obtain new derivatives of anthraquinone and screened against the in vitro cytotoxicity in C6, Hepa G2 and 2.2.15 cell lines; the results are presented in Table 1. We recently described the human telomerase inhibition and cytotoxicity properties of a series of regioisomeric difunctionalized anthraquinones at the 1,4-, 1,5and 1,8-positions, respectively. Their in vitro cytotoxicity was reported and compared with those of their isomers, and it was proposed that their activity may be due to their ability to bind to and stabilize G-quadruplex structures. The positional attachment and character of the diacyloxy-, dithio-, diamino-, and diamido side chains have been shown to profoundly influence their mode of DNA binding and cytotoxicity. For example, 1,4-diamidoanthraquinones have been shown to bind to duplex DNA by classical intercalation, whereas their cytotoxicity and human telomerase inhibition, in which the different functionalized side chains may simultaneously occupy both the DNA major and minor grooves, with intercalation of the planar chromophore. Biological results supporting these structural motif and side arms have shown structure–activity relationships. However, 1,4-diamido-isomers were, in general (approximately 6 of 38 test compounds), more cytotoxic than 1,5-diamido-, 1,5-diamino-, 1,5-diacyloxy-, or 1,5-dithio-substituted regioisomers in these three cultured tumor cell lines. This has enabled us to address the issue of how, and to what extent, the position and their longer side chains and better intercalation with DNA of side chain substituents affects cytotoxic and telomerase activity. Their in vitro cytotoxicity and some human telomerase inhibition properties are reported and compared with those of their 1,4and 1,5-regioisomers in Table 2. In the present paper we describe the study of a further series of regioisomeric 1,5-diamidoanthraquinones. Hence, amido substitution at anthraquinone may lead to a different mechanism of cytotoxicity, suppressing tumor growth mainly by intercalation into DNA and inhibition of topoisomerase II, 458 Vol. 54, No. 4 Chem. Pharm. Bull. 54(4) 458—464 (2006)


Address for Correspondence: Dr Dhinesh Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Academic block, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College&Hospital, Siruvachur, Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu -621113, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Background: Cochlear nerve serves as one of the nodal point for enabling the passage of sound in both directions. The knowledge of age related morphological changes in human cochlear nerve is important to understand its role in the manifestation of sensori-neural presbycusis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 21 human cochlear nerve samples, collected in 3 different age groups (0-30 years, 31-50 years, 51 years and above). Resin embedding of cochlear nerves was done. Semithin (1 μm) cross sections of the nerves were cut by glass knife on Reichert Ultra-microtome. Under light microscope, toluidine blue stained nerve sections were studied for shape, organization of connective tissue and number of fascicles. Results: Cochlear nerve was comma-shaped across all the age groups studied. Majority of the nerve sections had a blunt round head and sharp tail. Few sections had blunt tail also. Nerve fascicles were well defined in all the 21 samples studied. The approximate number of fascicles across the various age groups varied from 60 to 85 per nerve. Numerous Schwann cells and numerous small sized blood vessels were found in the endoneurium of older age group compared to younger and middle aged groups. Conclusion: However, we didn't observe major qualitative changes across different age groups, but the present study provides novel baseline morphological data on the human cochlear nerve.


Anglo-American values and methods dominate our understanding of contemporary journalism. European journalism is seen as gradually importing Anglo-American practice, style and form in the twentieth century. The European model of journalism is portrayed as regressive, resistant to giving up the old ways – a model of how not to practice the profession. This article examines the features that distinguish the European model, including the close relationship with the political world, the focus on commentary, interpretation and  advocacy and the commitment to 'literary' writing. It argues that in spite of the differences in how journalism is practiced in various European countries it is possible to identify a form of journalism, which is more literary, political and intellectual in its approach. The distinctiveness of this approach is being eroded with the incorporation of Anglo-American values and practices into education programmes, the commercialisation of the industry and the process of globalisation. However, the extent  of which journalism in Europe is replicating the Anglo-American model is open to question. The European tradition remains firmly entrenched, especially in some countries such as France, Italy and Spain. It is also argued that the European model is becoming more relevant in the attempt of the profession to adjust to the complexities and changes of the information age.


BP neural network is optimized by improved particle swarm optimization (PSO), the prediction model of knowledge transfer effect is established, and the prediction effect is compared with that of BP neural network model. The research results show that the prediction effect of knowledge transfer effect prediction model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimized BP neural network is due to BP neural network.


There is no word to describe the importance of evapotranspiration research for water resource utilization. We have already proposed a new method for the reciprocal estimation of the sensible (H) and latent heat fluxes (lE) by using a single height temperature (Tz) and humidity (rehz) based on the observed net radiation (Rn) and ground heat flux (G). This research is more advanced than the previous research because it uses a Ts observed by a radiometer and identifies the observed data satisfactorily heat balance relationship in every hour at nine sites. First, we confirmed that the estimated H and lE are very close reproductions of the identified H and lE. Second, by analyzing the relative ground surface temperature (Ts - T0) [Ts: ground surface temperature, T0: observed temperature near the soil surface], the hourly and seasonal changes of (Ts - T0) were clarified, resulting in a marked difference in the (Ts - T0) from previous research in arid and semi-arid regions. Next, the estimation accuracy of H, lE and rehs (the humidity of the soil surface) was determined by observing the slope of the estimated and observed relationship, resulting in the reasonable accuracy (0.85 - 1.15 times) of rehs at seven of the nine sites. Furthermore, the annual evapotranspiration was estimated by comparing the identified and estimated H and lE, resulting in a reasonable accuracy (0.85 - 1.15) at five of the nine sites in the case of the application of constraint b. Moreover, the effect of the lag-time between the net radiation Rn and both Tz and Ts for the estimation accuracy on H and lE was tested, and no remarkable difference was found because the effect was included already in the original data. The above results will contribute greatly to the advance of water resource planning and hydrometeorology. This research was conducted using FLUXNET data.


The photochemical dimerisation of acenaphthylene in the presence of various cation-exchanged bentonite clays has been studied. While the cis -dimer is the predominant product when smaller cations are present in the clay interlayer, the presence of heavier atoms in the clay favors the trans-dimer . Synthetic anionic hydrotalcite clays are also found to be efficient for the efficient dimerisation of acenaphthylene.


Abstract Background and objectives: Tobacco products are conceivably the most accessible addictive substances. Its use contributes to numerous negative health outcomes both in the developed and developing world. The objective of the study was to assess the usability of a Willingness to Quit smoking questionnaire; a concise questionnaire used to assess the readiness of active tobacco smokers to stop smoking, and also guiding in constructive conversations between healthcare workers and clients regarding stopping smoking. Methods: In this study, 25 active tobacco smokers and four healthcare workers of different cadres were interviewed. Participants were given the Willingness to Quit smoking questionnaire and asked to fill and comment on its usability, ease of comprehension and plausibility in the healthcare system settings. Results: All the 25 active tobacco smokers demonstrated their readiness to stop smoking. It was reported that the Willingness to Quit smoking questionnaire triggered the intention to stop smoking and effectively guided the interviews between the healthcare workers and clients who had expressed the intention of stopping smoking. Conclusion: The Willingness to Quit smoking questionnaire is a valuable tool in clinical practice as it can be used to prompt tobacco cessation dialogues between healthcare workers and clients attempting to stop smoking.


Providing enteral nutritional composition which can save the trouble between water administration. Protein, a enteral nutritional composition containing the carbohydrates and lipids, less than calories 1 kcal per composition 1 mL, and the composition moisture content is more than 30 mass%.


Two new hypothetical zirconium diboride (ZrB2) polymorphs: (hP6-P63/mmc-space group, no. 194) and (oP6-Pmmn-space group, no. 59), were thoroughly studied under the first-principles density functional theory calculations from the structural, mechanical and thermodynamic properties point of view. The proposed phases are thermodynamically stable (negative formation enthalpy). Studies of mechanical properties indicate that new polymorphs are less hard than the known phase (hP3-P6/mmm-space group, no. 191) and are not brittle. Analysis of phonon band structure and density of states (DOS) also show that the phonon modes have positive frequencies everywhere and the new ZrB2 phases are not only mechanically but also dynamically stable. The estimated acoustic Debye temperature, ΘD, for the two new proposed ZrB2 phases is about 760 K. The thermodynamic properties such as internal energy, free energy, entropy and constant-volume specific heat are also presented.


During the production and delivery of motor vehicles, single vehicle commissioning is a very important step. A complete single vehicle process can effectively improve the output efficiency of EMUs and reduce subsequent use risks and operation and maintenance costs. At present, in the domestic production process of EMUs, the single vehicle commissioning system composed of single vehicle commissioning tester and single vehicle commissioning test bench is mainly used to realize the single vehicle commissioning of EMUs. In the process of using the single vehicle debugging system, a large amount of data transmission will be carried out between the single vehicle debugging tester and the upper computer debugging software. In order to ensure the stability and speed of communication, the transmission mode needs to have sufficient bandwidth and anti-interference. Therefore, this paper selects real-time Ethernet as the internal data communication mode of the debugging system and studies it.


Yoram RC)SSLER 1): The ability to inseminate: a comparison between laboratory-reared and field populations of the Mediterranean Fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata). Mass-rearing in the laboratory is a prerequisite for the execution of the Sterile-Male-Release program. Since the laboratory population is generally isolated from the field populations for longer periods and is subjected to different environmental conditions, it is conceivable that partial or even total sexual isolation may evolve between the laboratory and field populations in the course of time. If such barriers are of pre-mating nature this will prove detrimental to the Sterile-Male-Release program as mating and insemination are essential (Curtis, 1971, LaChance, Schmidt & Bushland, 1967). The present experiments were conducted with laboratory population (in short-"Lab") that has been reared for over 13 years isolated from field populations, and a field population (in short-"Field") that has been introduced into the laboratory less than a year ago. Both popula-


The present application provides a method for generating three-dimensional (3D) image data by using two-dimensional method and apparatus comprising a dummy component and associated components to the input image (2D) image data, wherein said dummy component used to adjust the input resolution of the image. The method comprising: generating a two-dimensional image data corresponding to the depth map; detecting the dummy area comprising the dummy component from said two-dimensional image data; and a correction in the depth map corresponding to the dummy region pixel depth value.


Slesma Sailendra Ras (SLS) an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the treatment of cold, flu and fever in the rural population of Indian subcontinent. After 54 days chronic administration..


How hard can it be to make a lizard run? Just ask the researchers in Daniel Goldman's laboratory at Georgia Tech. "It's very high tech," says Goldman [left]. "We startle it."


A consortium of teacher education professors worked together in a 3 year project to infuse service-learning into their courses. Although they had participated in the same preparatory workshops, they largely integrated it in ways that appeared to eclipse S-L orthodoxy. To understand their variances we examined the choices and contexts that shaped their "hybrid" projects. Our findings suggest a schema for emergent service-learning in teacher education.


This study evaluates the effects of a market-oriented dairy development project on smallholder farm households and to identify policy options that would enhance beneficial impacts and mitigate harmful outcomes of the new technologies. Based on a sample of project participating households and a control group, the study measured the food security effects resulting from the introduction of crossbred cow technology, assessed the effect of market oriented dairy production on incomes handled by women and its consequence on them and food consumption, and evaluated the agricultural market surplus effects of intensified dairying.


We present a study of the extended radio emission in a sample of 8434 low-redshift (z < 0.35) broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. To calculate the jet and lobe contributions to the total radio luminosity, we have taken the 846 radio core sources detected in our previous study of this sample and performed a systematic search in the FIRST database for extended radio emission that is likely associated with the optical counterparts. We found that 51 out of 846 radio core sources have extended emission (>4″ from the optical AGN) that is positively associated with the AGN, and we have identified an additional 12 AGNs with extended radio emission but no detectable radio core emission. Among these 63 AGNs, we found 6 giant radio galaxies, with projected emission exceeding 750 kpc in length, and several other AGNs with unusual radio morphologies also seen in higher redshift surveys. The optical spectra of many of the extended sources are similar to those of typical broad-line radio galaxy spectra, having broad Hα emission lines with boxy profiles and large MBH. With extended emission taken into account, we find strong evidence for a bimodal distribution in the radio-loudness parameter (≡νradioLradio/νoptLopt), where the lower radio luminosity core-only sources appear as a population separate from the extended sources, with a dividing line at log() ≈1.75. This dividing line ensures that these are indeed the most radio-loud AGNs, which may have different or extreme physical conditions in their central engines when compared to the more numerous radio-quiet AGNs.


The present article deals with quality engineering, which is an area of Production Engineering for planning, design and control of quality management systems based on process management, in the approach to facts for decision making and the use of quality tools. In this area, the focus of the article is directed to the application of quality tools in one of the production lines of a refrigerant industry. The objective of the study is to measure the losses generated in the manufacturing process and propose means to control their incidence, in order to reduce costs and increase productivity. The methodology was based on a qualitative and quantitative approach, in the application of the case study, and in the bibliographic research and information provided by the company as a database. As results, the quality tools showed that the problem of low liquid level is the most representative and that its main causes refer to the inadequacy of the packaging temperature and the position of the liquid leveling device, for which action plans have been developed that aim generate improvements in the production process.


Let $G$ be a simple graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$ respectively. Vertex set $V(G)$ is labeled arbitrary by positive integers and $E(e)$ denote the edge label such that it is the sum of labels of vertices incident with edge e. A lucky edge neighborhood labeling of $G$ is an assignment of positive integers to the vertices of $G $ so that edge neighborhood labelings are distinct for every edge $e$.The least integer for which a graph $G$ has a lucky edge labeling from the set $\{1,2,...,k\}$ is called the lucky neighborhood number and is denoted by $\eta_N(G)$. In this paper, we prove that $P_n$, $C_n$, $T_{m,n}$, $S(P_n^+)$ and $S(C_n^+)$ are lucky edge neighborhood labeled graphs.


Bridgman anvil device was employed in order to generate high pressure with H parallel to the a∗-axis. Figure 1 shows the temperature dependence of resistance (left-hand scale) for H = 0 and 12 T and the MR for H = 12 T (right-hand scale) between 0 and 80 K at P = 0 kbar. The magnetic field enhances the resistance anomaly due to the T2-CDW formation (T2 = 55 K at H = 0 T). A large ∆ρ/ρ0 appears immediately upon the formation of the the T2-CDW phase; a LMR is observed below T2. However, above T2 ∆ρ/ρ0 is negligibly small. T2 is independent of the magnetic fields within our experimental error of ±0.5 K. These results agree well with previous results. Figure 2 shows the temperature dependence of resistance (left-hand scale) for H = 0 and 12 T and the MR for H = 12 T (right-hand scale) between 0 and 40 K at P = 7.2 kbar. The T2-CDW transition temperature (T2 = 23 K) and the resistance anomaly associated with T2-CDW formation are suppressed by increased pressure. Despite the considerable suppression of the T2-CDW phase however, a large hump in resistance can clearly be observed below T2 for H = 12 T. Again, ∆ρ/ρ0 increases below T2, and a LMR is observed even under pressure. These results agree with our previous results measured for H parallel to the c-axis. By contrast, ∆ρ/ρ0 is small above T2, with a magnitude of about 0.1 at 30 K. However, this value is about two orders of magnitude larger than that at ambient pressure, which is about 3×10−3 at 70 K. Even if the temperature factor is considered in the temperature dependence of ∆ρ/ρ0 ∼ (ωcτ ), where ωc is the cyclotron frequency and τ is the relaxation time, the ∆ρ/ρ0 above T2 obtained at 7.2 kbar is significantly large. This indicates the new appearance of the MR Journal of the Physical Society of Japan Vol. 69, No. 10, October, 2000, pp. 3470-3471 Short Notes


The problem about social item is one of focus center between WTO Members.The developed country such as Americal put forward a plan to consider.social item on WTO trade pact frequently in order to push it's"core labour standards".This paper aim at some parts fail labour standards system in china,and presents the countermeasures to improve existing labour lawmaking on the basis of correlative international convention.


Coherent structures associated with forward- and backward-scatter energy transfer in the convective planetary boundary layer are studied using large-eddy simulation. A box filter is adopted for calculation of the resolved near-grid-scale stress tensor (Lij), strain-rate tensor (Sij) and dissipation rate (LijSij). Results of conditional sampling at two different heights are presented. The conditional events are resolved dissipation rate and vertical velocity fluctuation. The latter is to distinguish the forward and backward scatter associated with upward and downward motions, respectively. Near the surface, the forward-scatter event with positive vertical velocity fluctuation is physically associated with large-scale elongated updrafts. Therefore, the contribution of spanwise component L22S22 to the resolved dissipation rate is most significant. In the outer layer, the forward-scatter event with positive vertical velocity fluctuation occurs at the top of rising updrafts, consistent with negative S33 and th...


A 1-decyl-2-methylimidazole (DMIm) functionalized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) membrane is fabricated and employed to dope phosphoric acid (PA) for use as a high temperature proton exchange membrane. This kind of membrane displayed superior PA doping capability, but poor mechanical properties. In order to improve the dimensional and mechanical stabilities without sacrificing proton conductivities, a series of dual cross-linked membranes are prepared using the poly(styrene-vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene) (poly(St-VIm-DVB)) copolymer as a crosslinker. The reaction of vinylimidazole with benzyl bromide not only constructs a cross-linking network, but also endows the membranes with a PA doping capacity for proton conduction. The reticular polymer chain structure improves the mechanical properties of the membranes, especially at elevated temperatures. As an example, PPO-70%VIm-30%DMIm/180.1%PA achieves a high proton conductivity of 0.067 S cm−1 at 180 °C without humidification, while it displays suitable tensile strengths of 5.0 MPa and 2.1 MPa at room temperature and 120 °C, respectively. These membranes show great potential for use as an electrolyte in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.


degradate fusion PML-RAR a revolutionized management of acute promyelocytic (APL) fi cant in the treatment APL, the cure rates of patients other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subty-pes are still not satisfying. Abnormal reactive oxygen species levels and constitutive expression of ER stress marker proteins are characteristic of AML. AML patients with activated unfolded protein response and increased ER chaperone levels showed suppres-sed CEBP a protein expression. CEBP a is an essential transcription factor that regulates multiple aspects of myelopoiesis. Understanding how the unfolded protein response trig-ger down-regulation of CEBP a and lead to differentiation blockage opens new possibili-ties for the design of anti-AML therapeutic strategies.


The focus of this work is to demonstrate a novel approach to true CFD automation based on an adaptive Cartesian point distribution process coupled with a Meshless flow solution algorithm. As Meshless method solutions require only an underlying nodal distribution, this approach works well even for complex flow geometries with non-aligned domain boundaries. Through the addition of a so-called shadow layer of body-fitted nodes, application of boundary conditions is simplified considerably, eliminating the stair-casing issues of typical Cartesian-based techniques. This paper describes the approach taken to automatically generate the Meshless nodal distribution, along with the details of an automatic local refinement process. Also, as the primary interest of this automated CFD solver is for aerospace applications, this work includes the development of standard two-equation turbulence models for use in this Meshless based solver. Finally, results are shown for several relevant compressible, turbulent flows example configurations, demonstrating the benefits of the automatic refinement as well as the quality of the Meshless solutions in high-speed flow applications.


Now-a-days the novel ac–ac static power converter Based on the switched-capacitor (SC) principle, fictional to interchange the modern autotransformer in industrial and residential Applications. The source of operation, to the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the design methodology, associated an example are described during this paper. The main benefits of the proposed ac–ac converter are the absence of magnetic components, the strain voltages in all elements being capable half of the high-side voltage, the mutual reference among the input and output voltages, the utilization of one SC leg, the power to be


Developments in medical devices and diagnostics have improved quality of life and increased the life expectancy. Cancer is one of the diseases responsible for mortality in the world today and especially breast cancer in women have increased in alarming numbers. This paper gives an insight into a new device and technology which can be used to remove cancer in a minimally invasively surgical procedure. It consists of a robotic surgical machine integrated with a breast scanner and a therapeutic ultrasound frequency to perform this procedure. The idea is to integrate the scanning and therapeutic modality into one unit. PRIMA is a conglomeration of the scanning equipment, a high intensity focussed ultrasound therapy equipment and robotic surgery equipment. It has a portable scanner which scans and detects the presence of a tumour. The detected tumour is analysed and processed using the mechatronics and image processing enabled equipment. The target is fixed and highintensity ultrasound is used to ablate the tumour cells. In this manner, instead of using three different devices, we propose to integrate all of them as a single user-friendly device.


Experiments confirmed Einstein's proposal that gravitational fields bend light. We propose that in order to understand the mechanism of the red shift of light, the intimate connection between gravity and light must first be made apparent. The structure/behavior of the internal
 workings of photons, including gravity photons, g ps, which make up space, points to another mechanism that is both simple and intuitive. Our approach is to establish the steps that lead to our proposed connection between gravity and light.


OR different organisms rare wild type segregants have been observed in crosses F involving independently isolated mutants which all show the same phenotypic effect. In all cases in which markers on one or both sides of these mutational sites were present the segregants which are wild type with respect to the isolocaP markers are associated with outside marker combinations which in the crossing over theory would be assigned to 1, 2, and even 3 crossovers between and outside the isolocal markers. The correlation between these "recombinations" is so high that the occurrence of wild type segregants cannot be explained by statistically independent crossovers. The first report of this kind was given by DEMEREC (1928) who described the phenomenon as reverse mutation associated with crossing over in heterozygotes of Drosophila virilis. That neither statistically independent crossovers nor clusters of (reciprocal) crossovers can explain the results has most clearly been shown for Neurospora crassa by M. B. MITCHELL (1955 a,b), who found that of four asci containing a wild type segregant for the isolocal markers none contained the reciprocal double mutant. Further results have been published for Neurospora by GILES (1955), ST. LAWRENCE (1956), and DE SERRES (1956), for Aspergillus nidulans by PRITCHARD (1955) and for phages by STREISINGER and FRANKLIN (1956). Irregular asci have also been found in yeast by LINDEGREN (1955) and ROMAN (1956). In this situation several points of view can be or have been suggested. Agreement among all workers in the field seems now to exist for the statement that there occur regions of "intimate" (or "effective") pairing statistically distributed along the chromosome. In these regions events take place which result in the irregular segregation for the isolocal markers and the correlated appearance of the described 1, 2 and 3 fold "recombinants". Concerning the events within sucli a region of intimate pairing two different attitudes to the problem can be stated.


[1] Using a compilation of melt compositions, meltwater contents, temperatures, and phenocryst contents, the preeruptive viscosities under magma reservoir conditions are calculated for 83 erupted magmas. The basaltic-to-rhyolitic magmas have preeruptive viscosities over the range 101 to 108 Pa s. Although bulk SiO2 content has often been used as a qualitative measure of preeruptive magma viscosity, the bulk SiO2 content shows a weak correlation with magma viscosity (correlation coefficient r = 0.5). Because of a wide range of phenocryst contents from 0 to ∼50 vol %, andesitic magmas have viscosities ranging from 102 to 107 Pa s, which are lower or higher than those of phenocryst-poor rhyolitic magmas with 105 to 106 Pa s. Focusing on andesitic to rhyolitic magmas, the r between bulk SiO2 contents and magma viscosities changes to −0.1. In contrast, the melt-only SiO2 content from a basaltic-to-rhyolitic melt shows a good linear correlation with melt-only viscosity (r = 0.9). Although most of the calculated viscosities of erupted magmas fall below ∼106 Pa s, as consistent with the previous compilation study, this paper describes 20 examples of highly viscous magmas with >106 Pa s, in most cases, composed of mixtures of high-silica rhyolitic melt (75–79 wt % SiO2) and abundant phenocrysts (30–55 vol %). In these highly viscous magmas, 9 examples have erupted following the precursory eruption of less viscous magma, suggesting that precursory dike propagation and conduit formation by the less viscous magma with <106 Pa s induced the following eruption of less eruptible, highly viscous magmas.


This article reports preliminary results of current research into the changing spatial pattern of manufacturing in the contiguous states. Complete results are not due for two years. Results reported here are general in nature but portray trends important to those involved in economic development, especially activities aimed at attracting manufacturing firms. Between 1965 and 1985 total employment in the contiguous 48 states rose from 47.2 million to 80.2 million, a 70% increase. Manufacturing employment rose from 17.5 million to 19.3 million, or just 10%. During this period employment in exurban counties rose by 86 percent, from 7.6 million to 14.1 million. Manufacturing employment rose from 3.4 million to 4.5 million, or 32%. While exurban areas accounted for only 20% of the total number of jobs created during this period, it accounted for 61% of the new manufacturing jobs. By comparison, urban counties lost manufacturing employment, suburban counties accounted for 21%, small metropolitan counties accounted for 18%, and rural counties accounted for just 27% of new manufacturing jobs (figures adjusted for the loss of nearly one-half million manufacturing jobs in urban counties). Manufacturing is moving farther into the countryside, away from central cities and their traditional suburbs, but not so far away that goods, workers, and services cannot be shipped easily within a day to nearby urban areas. Exurban industrialization will lead to greater population dispersal If population shifts occasioned by exurban industrialization create new demands for services, retail and service jobs may follow. Exurban industrialization may place new pressures on local governments not prepared to accommodate the special needs of manufacturing or new residents. In this article the author offers only insight into this phenomenon. Work must be done to ascertain its many dimensions, implications, and possible policy responses.


We describe new solid-state NMR methods for measuring the magnitude of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) and/or the heteronuclear dipolar coupling in the presence of homonuclear dipolar coupled spin networks under magic-angle spinning (MAS). The techniques employ 2π/5 phase shifts of a frequency switched Lee–Goldburg irradiation scheme which recouples the CSA and/or the heteronuclear dipolar coupling while simultaneously decoupling the homonuclear dipolar interactions. The induced spin dynamics are sensitive to the magnitude of the CSA and its asymmetry and may be implemented under conditions where the MAS rate exceeds the size of the anisotropic interactions. These approaches could find use in measurements of the magnitudes and relative orientations of CSA and/or heteronuclear dipolar couplings to extract torsion angles in uniformly labeled systems.


The study explores the changing perception of time through the records of a multi-generational peasant family. By comparing several rural manuscripts from different times and places, the study traces the refinement of the way time is thought, its new meanings, and its emergence in farming and family life. The appearance of the clock plays an important role in the analysis. The clock, first as a prestige object in the household, gradually becomes a tool for the modern use of time. The replacement of calendars by newspapers in the first decades of the 20th century is also a decisive factor in the perception of time. The world expands and information about more and more distant lands is brought into peasant households. The study places important emphasis on the idea that rural households are the last base for the spread of globalization phenomena. What is already occurring at this level within each country is where the spread of the phenomenon has come to an end.


Dynamic properties of the whole broaching machine structure greatly contribute to the broaching quality and efficiency. However, it is hard to measure the dynamic parameters because they will change during operation compared with the static results from classic experimental modal analysis. This study is to examine the dynamic parameters of broaching machine LG7120KT using both the numerical finite element (FE) method and the experimental operational modal analysis (OMA). Firstly, FE analysis model of the broaching machine with the real dimension is constructed and calculated. Second, experimental results are obtained from OMA in practical broaching process, which can be used to identify steady-state modes. Modal parameters including mode shapes, damping ratio, and natural frequencies are examined, using both LMS SCADAS III-305 system and PolyMAX method in OMA. The numerical and experimental results show high agreement in their calculated natural frequencies. From the modal analysis results, it is also found the vibration normal to cutting direction can be greatly reduced by adjusting broaching speed. From the topology optimization result based on the already correlated FE model, we redesigned a lightweight machine structure with a better dynamic performance, due to its lower displacement of broaching machine at force point and its higher first-order natural frequency. The experimental and numerical results in this paper help to design the structural parameters of broaching machine and propose a better broaching process.


High throughput weather data, which is acquired by remote sensing technology, collected by local weather stations, or gathered by autonomous sensors, is the foundation for modern weather forecast and climate change prediction. Such data set often contains multi-dimensional information on aspects such as temperature, humidity, wind speed/direction, atmospheric pressure, etc., which can be extremely large-scale and convoluted. Therefore, effective and efficient methods for weather data analysis is important and urgently needed. Data mining technologies, which is the computer-aided process that digs useful patterns out of large-scale data sets, is widely acknowledged as a very promising direction in weather data analysis. In this paper, a novel methodology is described, which applies a distance metric learning approach for weather data mining. Such a method is applied to weather data set collected at JFK, MCO and SFO airport in 2016, and shows a very promising advantage in classification accuracy compared with other conventional methods.


Sketching is an intuitive and effective way for content creation. While significant progress has been made for photorealistic image generation by using generative adversarial networks, it remains challenging to take a fine-grained control on synthetic content. The instance normalization layer, which is widely adopted in existing image translation networks, washes away details in the input sketch and leads to loss of precise control on the desired shape of the generated face images. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the effect of instance normalization on generating photorealistic face images from hand-drawn sketches. We first introduce a visualization approach to analyze the feature embedding for sketches with a group of specific changes. Based on the visual analysis, we modify the instance normalization layers in the baseline image translation model. We elaborate a new set of hand-drawn sketches with 11 categories of specially designed changes and conduct extensive experimental analysis. The results and user studies demonstrate that our method markedly improve the quality of synthesized images and the conformance with user intention.


This is a story about a dawning realisation...

Moments of clarity elude me. My life consists of a long string of crises, with each moment demanding my


The transient enhanced diffusion in crystalline silicon implanted with dopants and followed by high temperature annealing to activate the dopants is introduced. The physical mechanisms of transient enhanced dopant diffusion are then reviewed together with a short introduction to the proposed suppressing methods. Finally, the perspectives with using high energy heavy ions in this field are briefly discussed.


ABSTRACT This article examines ancient Maya urbanization and neighborhood formation during the Preclassic period by focusing on evidence from five minor temple groups at Ceibal, Guatemala. During the Late Preclassic (ca. 350–75 b.c.) and Terminal Preclassic (ca. 75 b.c.–a.d. 300) periods, minor temple complexes were constructed at regular intervals in outlying areas of Ceibal. These complexes were built at different times, and each is distinct in size, shape, and construction materials. Geospatial analyses of settlement based on a lidar survey reveals residential clustering around the temples, and excavations of nearby patios indicate they were occupied contemporaneously with their associated temple. Together, the evidence suggests that local groups of people built their own temple complexes as they began to settle in new areas. Urbanization at Ceibal can be explained as a generative process involving an interplay between top-down influences from the epicenter and organic cooperation among incoming residents.


We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the article by Zalewski, Goodman, Cole, and McLaughlin (2017). In particular, we applaud their efforts to bring attention to the roles of parenting and children when treating adult psychopathology. As they aptly conclude: "A practitioner who is treating a parent possesses a unique opportunity to intervene on behalf of a child. Treating adults who are parents may be the most underutilized and yet powerful tool to reduce the incidence of psychopathology in the next generation." Our opinion is in agreement with that of Zalewski et al.: Not only should the treatment of adult psychopathology occur for the sake of the next generation, but, when adults are parents, the contribution of children and parenting to the adult's stress should be assessed and, if needed, treated. Although other familial (e.g., partner conflict) and extrafamilial (e.g., jobrelated and socioeconomic stress) variables are often considered as contributors to adult psychopathology and incorporated into treatment, the roles of parenting and children and their inclusion in therapy have been overlooked for far too long. There are numerous points made by Zalewski and colleagues that we strongly endorse. These include, but are not limited to, the following: the neglected role of fathers; the training of practitioners often being limited to children or adults (e.g., separate child and adult tracks); the importance of focus not only on risk factors (e.g., psychopathology), but also on resilience and the potential for parenthood to be a protective factor; the acknowledgment that adult psychopathology and parenting are only two of multiple factors that can contribute to a child's development; and the rapidly emerging role that technology can play in treatment. In the remaining part of this commentary, we will focus on five additional areas that we found particularly interesting and important.


Power density, defined as ratio of converter output power and converter volume, is an important parameter characterizing the compactness of power electronic systems. Employing water-cooling, converters in the kW-range with power densities up to 10kW/liter have already been built. Higher power densities up to 50kW/liter are under discussion. There is often a desire to employ air-cooling instead of water cooling. In this paper the theoretical converter power density limits for forced convection cooling are investigated. Since the cooling system contributes significantly to the overall converter volume, the paper is restricted to an investigation of the cooling system. The main idea is to increase the power semiconductor junction temperature and, therefore, the heat sink temperature in order to make the heat transfer via forced convection much more effective, thus resulting in a smaller heat sink. This beneficial effect of higher temperatures is partly offset by increased system losses and reduced efficiency. To design thermally optimized heat sinks for today's commercially available fans is shown to be one key to a converter system optimized in terms of power density. It is shown that by employing SiC-devices, power densities of the converter's cooling system (not of the whole converter system) of up to 83kW/liter are possible for forced air-cooling.


The Appraisal Institute's Practice Examination Questions for Real Estate Appraisers has been developed to help students and trainees prepare for various examinations presented by educational providers, state appraisal boards, or other administrators of qualification examinations. This program is not a collection of questions that will appear on specific examinations. Instead, it is a training manual to help examinees develop a background for subjects that may be encountered on the various exams. This program is intended to provide examinees with practice before entering a testing center or taking the final exam at the end of an appraisal course. Each state uses its own testing materials. The Appraisal Foundation's material is dynamic, and there is no way to know what is on a particular real estate appraisal examination today or in the future. Neither the Appraisal Institute nor the author of this program claim to have inside knowledge as to what is on a particular examination. However, this program can help appraisers take examinations with a greater understanding of the important appraisal concepts, which will lead to a greater potential for success. Practicing this program will not magically transform a student with no understanding of the concepts into an expert and guarantee success, but it should help students reach the level of understanding required to pass appraisal exams. Taking the practice exam questions will also highlight specific areas of weakness for examinees so that they can focus their study time on strengthening their skills in those areas. Students can learn by answering questions about a subject and then figuring out why the different answer options are correct or incorrect. Answering test questions—or practice questions—is one way to gain and retain knowledge. More than 1,000 practice questions and detailed answers are provided in this program, and students should learn from the process of answering the questions. Because the contents of the various real estate appraisal tests are unknown, the author of this program is not "teaching to the test," but has instead developed a series of practice questions based on the body of appraisal knowledge. Modern real estate exams are focused on application rather than theoretical knowledge. The testing procedures in place today are designed to discourage rote learning and testing and replace them with application-based learning and testing. Most test questions are designed to replace the simple memorization of concepts, phrases, and definitions with challenging scenarios and application-based problems. Application questions require a greater understanding of the concepts. While not all exam questions require application, it is important to remember that the emphasis in recent years has been moving away from questions that can be answered by memorizing words or phrases. This new emphasis also makes last-minute cramming for exams less successful.


This paper describes the design of two low noise microwave oscillators operating at 7.6 GHz. These oscillators use room temperature sapphire resonators operating in the TE/sub 01//spl delta/ mode which demonstrate unloaded Q's of 44,000. Silicon transposed gain amplifiers are used to produce near-flicker-free gain. Oscillators with flicker noise corners around 1 kHz and a phase noise of -143 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset and -121 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz are demonstrated. This is within 3 dB of the theoretically predicted minimum noise. This performance is 12 dB better that in oscillators presented at the 1995 IEEE MTT conference and 1995 FCS conference. This improvement is achieved by using high level mixers.


This paper describes an multi-features indexing system for use in Content Based Image Retrieval. The standard CBIR approach is simple and usually use a single information such as shape, scale or color, which leads to recognition problems in some cases, to remedy this problematic, we use additional features to combine types of information. From many points of view local descriptors are relatively different, the purpose of this paper is to have an overall view over some existing features descriptors and calculate the similarities between a query image and video frames in the database from different points of view.


The ability of stem cuttings to form adventitious roots (AR) is critical for propagation of trees species that are cultivated for bioenergy, pulp and paper, and timber production. However, genes and molecular mechanisms that control AR formation are largely unknown. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that regulate AR development in poplar ? a tree model species ? we measured rooting response in a pseudo-backcross population derived from a cross between a hybrid female Populus trichocarpa times Populus deltoides, and an unrelated male parent P. deltoides. Apical cuttings were collected from 234 individuals and grown in a hydroponic system for 18 days. The number of ARs was recorded daily. After 18 days, roots were harvested and scanned to measure length, volume, and surface area of total, primary (first order) roots, and root branches, as well as dry biomass and average diameter. QTLs for number of roots and root architectural traits were identified using composite interval mapping performed on the progeny's mother map. Significant QTLs for most of these traits mapped consistently in two regions of linkage groups II and XIV. Next, each genotype was categorized depending on the allele carried in each of the two main QTL regions identified previously. Genotypes carrying P. trichocarpa alleles in both QTL regions generally had higher number of roots than genotypes carrying the P. deltoides alleles. Three genotypes were selected within each QTL category for gene expression analysis using whole-transcriptome microarrays, at multiple time points. This study enabled the detection of significant differences in transcript abundance across time points and between extreme genotypes, and identification of candidate genes that control number of ARs. Of particular importance among these was the gene superroot2 (SUR2), which was more highly expressed in poor rooters. Mutants for SUR2 have been reported to cause overproduction of auxin and higher number of adventitious roots in Arabidopsis. This study also allowed insights into the genes expressed during different phases of AR formation in Populus. ( en )


Crossover behaviour in dipolar ferromagnets is investigated using renormalization group methods. The scaling functions describing the evolution from short-range to dipole-dominated behaviour are calculated for the susceptibility and specific heat, to leading order in epsilon =4-d. The resulting effective critical exponents are found to exhibit striking behaviour in the crossover region.


Interplanetary Simulation Environment for Communication and Thermal Subsystems (InSECTS) is an environment designed to support rapid prototyping of spacecraft containerized software on-orbit. The InSECTS digital architecture was developed to support NASA/JHU-APL Dragonfly autonomous software development and proliferated space-based containerized processing at Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering. Processing needs for deep space, scientific, and National Security spacecraft software are continually evolving to support exceedingly diverse mission requirements. As a result of this evolution, Spacecraft software engineers require a pathway for rapidly testing, updating, and deploying software to on-orbit cloud processing clusters in an economical and responsible way. InSECTS supports this need by providing a low-cost prototype of an on-orbit processing architecture affording developers the capability to test and deploy cloud-based software to operational spacecraft, while mitigating the risks involved with traditional space system development. The InSECTS digital architecture supports any open-source initiative compliant containerized application on a hardware agnostic distributed Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) computing environment. Additionally, by utilizing preexisting container orchestration software the environment is inherently redundant across multiple independent processing suites. Finally, InSECTS design is configurable which allows it to function as a payload on a small satellite or as its own microsatellite. The InSECTS cloud-agnostic ground system is accessible with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and has a Development Operations (DEVOPS) pipeline that supports open-source software code development. This gives engineers and researchers building software the ability to write, integrate, and deploy software containers into the InSECTS environment using development tools broadly accessible across the industry. To verify these technical solutions, an InSECTS prototype was demonstrated at Johns Hopkins University by deploying an autonomy software cluster able to control a thermal control system model designed after the NASA/APL Dragonfly thermonuclear generator. As a result of this successful test, further InSECTS development at Johns Hopkins is planned and may include a functional small satellite for on-orbit testing. This satellite would provide a testbed for containerized processing in the space environment utilizing COTS hardware for cloud-agnostic software deployments capable of supporting the diverse processing requirements of future National Security and deep space systems.


Adoption of a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy should remain a basic aim of national policies for health promotion and prevention of unexpected pregnancy outcomes.


Wireless networks allow a more flexible model of communication than traditional networks since the user is not limited to a fixed physical location. Unlike cellular wireless networks, an ad hoc wireless network does not have any fixed communication infrastructure. For an active connection, the end host as well as the intermediate nodes can be mobile. Therefore routes are subject to frequent disconnections. In such an environment, it is important to minimize disruptions caused by the changing topology for critical application such as voice and video. This presents a difficult challenge for routing protocols, since rapid reconstruction of routes is crucial in the presence of topology changes. By exploiting non-random behaviors for the mobility patterns that mobile users exhibit, we can predict the future state of network topology and perform route reconstruction proactively in a timely manner. Moreover, by using the predicted information on the network topology, we can eliminate transmissions of control packets and thus reduce overhead. This paper proposes a methodology of routing protocol for misbehaving network called RMP-ANT (Route Management Protocol for Ad Hoc Network) with a power management scheme called as MARI (Routing Intelligent Mobile Agent) protocol, and discusses about the various schemes to improve routing protocol performance by using mobility prediction. The protocol used here enables nodes to detect misbehavior by observing the status of the nodes. The paper also proposes distributed reputation system that can cope with false information and effective utilization of the power.


It is shown that the physical states of a source free gauge field form pre-Hilbert spaces already on the classical level. These spaces may be closed in such a way that the determining characteristics remain. One type of free fields has a continuous mass spectrum with no mass gap. One type is massless. Dark matter may consist of (otherwise) free gauge fields. Second quantisation of free gauge fields yield G{\aa}rding-Wightman fields identifying the massless and the massive fields as different manifestations of the same field.


The influence of the Si-H2 bond on light-induced degradation and the thermal recovery of a-Si films and a-Si solar cells were studied. The influence of the Si-H2 bond on light-induced degradation depends on the impurity content in a-Si films, and light-induced degradation can be reduced by decreasing the Si-H2 bond density in a-Si films with impurity content of 1018 cm-3. The activation energy of the thermal recovery process was about 1.0 eV, and it did not depend on the Si-H2 bond density. However, an irreversible phenomenon was observed in film properties and solar cell characteristics with high Si-H2 bond density. It is thought that the structural flexibility of the Si-H2 bond is related to this irreversible phenomenon.


THE greatly increased transition Reynolds numbers now attained in the boundary layers of cylinders having favourably shaped sections have renewed interest in the solution of the equations of steady flow in a thin boundary layer. It is familiar that the scries solutions of Blasius and Hiemenz, improved by Howarth (ref. 1), and of Falkner (ref. 2) become severely restricted in range when applied to cylinders having other than bluff sections. But it appears that a series solution of substantially greater range is possible, at least for symmetrical flow, provided that the nose of the section is rounded. This problem forms the subject of Section I of the present paper.


ABSTRACT Colonizations due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a source of antimicrobial resistance transmission in health care settings. Eleven Citrobacter freundii strains producing KPC-3 carbapenemase were isolated from rectal swabs during a 3-year surveillance program. blaKPC-3-carrying plasmids were found to belong to the IncX3 group in 9 of the 11 strains, and complete nucleotide sequences were obtained for 2 of them. Our results highlight the possible role of C. freundii as reservoir of resistance genes.


Over speed is one of the major causes of traffic injuries, especially in low and middle-income countries. The speed limits are predetermined per particular zone but violated by drivers. The objective of the study is to design and develop a low-cost system that can accurately detect speed by using an array of active infrared sensors enabled by specialized algorithm and submit violation-related data to the data-center. The main advantages of this low-cost system are (1) providing the real-time speed limit violation related data for timely and data-driven decision making and (2) portability of the hardware that could easily be deployed in accident-prone zone. The experimental results show the average error of speed measured by prototyped solution was +/−2.56% compared to an existing solution.