We define a $\mathfrak{gl}_N$-stratification of the Grassmannian of $N$ planes $\mathrm{Gr}(N,d)$. The $\mathfrak{gl}_N$-stratification consists of strata $\Omega_{\mathbf{\Lambda}}$ labeled by unordered sets $\mathbf{\Lambda}=(\lambda^{(1)},\dots,\lambda^{(n)})$ of nonzero partitions with at most $N$ parts, satisfying a condition depending on $d$, and such that $(\otimes_{i=1}^n V_{\lambda^{(i)}})^{\mathfrak{sl}_N}\ne 0$. Here $V_{\lambda^{(i)}}$ is the irreducible $\mathfrak{gl}_N$-module with highest weight $\lambda^{(i)}$. We show that the closure of a stratum $\Omega_{\mathbf{\Lambda}}$ is the union of the strata $\Omega_{\mathbf\Xi}$, $\mathbf{\Xi}=(\xi^{(1)},\dots,\xi^{(m)})$, such that there is a partition $\{I_1,\dots,I_m\}$ of $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ with $ {\rm {Hom}}_{\mathfrak{gl}_N} (V_{\xi^{(i)}}, \otimes_{j\in I_i}V_{\lambda^{(j)}}\big)\neq 0$ for $i=1,\dots,m$. The $\mathfrak{gl}_N$-stratification of the Grassmannian agrees with the Wronski map.
We introduce and study the new object: the self-dual Grassmannian $\mathrm{sGr}(N,d)\subset \mathrm{Gr}(N,d)$. Our main result is a similar $\mathfrak{g}_N$-stratification of the self-dual Grassmannian governed by representation theory of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak {g}_{2r+1}:=\mathfrak{sp}_{2r}$ if $N=2r+1$ and of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak g_{2r}:=\mathfrak{so}_{2r+1}$ if $N=2r$.


Paper presents the difficulties of existing anti-emergency automation when operating in islanded power system. The operation of existing anti-emergency automation is apprized from the point of view of elimination of active power deficiency or surplus. Shortages of existing anti-emergency automation as well as necessary areas for improvements are shown. New method for estimation of active power deficiency or surplus is proposed. It is based on the use of the mathematical description of the considered system to provide more accurate operation of anti-emergency automation, for instance, when shedding load or starting generation reserves. The analysis as well as possible application of the proposed method for estimation of active power deficiency or surplus is presented.


High Availability is the most important aspect when discussing resiliency over telecommunications systems in the context of the adoption of the cloud computing paradigm, a big challenge for telecommunications service providers. Initiatives of NFV platform implementations like OpenMANO (strongly based on NFV standardization from ETSI) serve as base to run experiments like the one proposed in this master project, in which we describe our contribution to an implementation of management for high availability on top of platform proposed by Open Source MANO (OSM). The high availability implementation presented in this project is adherent to ETSI standardization and contributes to one of the most important NFV frameworks that up to now has not presented support to such feature. In this project, we present an experimentation over OSM implementation which involves the whole environment with its technological complexity. In concrete terms, our contribution addresses two main aspects: a proposal for information modeling based on ETSI standardization on high availability and its implementation in the OSM framework. Such implementation consists in the detection of failure by the orchestrator implying in a network reconfiguration as a mechanism to support redundancy in an active-active scenario. The experiment was tested and evaluated in a real minimalist environment to demonstrate the implementation performed to manage high availability information and re-orchestrate data flows between redundant VNFs. Key-words: High Availability. Network Function Virtualization. Management And Network Orchestation. Lista de ilustrações Figura 1 – Mudança de paradigma para adoção de funções virtualizadas de rede. . 37 Figura 2 – Arquitetura de referência NFV ETSI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figura 3 – Mapeamento OpenMANO/OpenVIM sobre a arquitetura de referência NFV ETSI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Figura 4 – Exemplo de mapeamento de rede física em abstração feita pelo OpenVIM. 44 Figura 5 – Diagrama de componentes do OpenMANO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Figura 6 – Diagrama de componentes do OpenVIM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Figura 7 – Fluxo básico de detecção de falha e alteração de fluxo de rede. . . . . . 49 Figura 8 – Modelo de execução e comunicação OpenMANO e OpenVIM para o tratamento de evento de falha em VNF (parte 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Figura 9 – Modelo de execução e comunicação OpenMANO e OpenVIM para o tratamento de evento de falha em VNF (parte 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Figura 10 – Modelo de conectividade para o experimento. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Figura 11 – Setup de experimentação do projeto e cenário de falha. . . . . . . . . . 60 Figura 12 – Cenário de falha em que há o redirecionamento de fluxos. . . . . . . . . 61


This paper studies welfare effects of monetary policy in an overlapping generations model with capital and no form of taxation other than inflation. Public expenditures have a positive effect on labor productivity. The main result of the paper is that an expansive monetary policy can be welfare improving, at least for ismall enoughi inflation rates, and that there is an optimal inflation rate. Growth maximization, however, is never optimal. Steady-state capital and output increase with inflation, reproducing the so-called Tobin effect. For large inflation rates, however, the government authorities cannot affect real variables and there are only nominal effects.


The paper reviews the literature on regional metastasis of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The presence of regional metastasis is inversely proportional to good prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer. Levels II and III, i.e. the upper and middle jugular lymph nodes are most common metastasis sites. Involvement of all other levels depends upon location of the primary and also influences the prognosis. Other important prognostic factors include the number and mobility of metastatic lesions, extracapsular disease extension, size of affected lymph nodes. Choice of treatment in cases with regional metastases is of much interest. Until recently surgery has been a major treatment modality. Surgery on regional metastases involving functional or radical neck dissection is performed with respect to lymph node levels affected. Radiotherapy is another treatment alternative. However, radiotherapy alone fails to provide good outcomes, therefore it is conducted in combination with chemotherapy or radiomodifiers.


China has become the country which has the largest and the fastest-growing population of the aged.Slowing down the aging process of the aged is an important aspect of the social stability and unity nowadays.To this end,the aged should get rid of the errors of fitness and carry out physical exercise in a reasonable and scientific manner.


China's current purchase of housing mortgage loans of couple who get pre-marital property and jointly owned property to be repaid,and the purchase of mortgage marriage,divorce.How to identify ownership of housing,how to split the problem? The law does not clearly defined.In practice,Court's decision also varies.In this paper,divorce loan to buy one or both parties to discuss the ownership of housing,said China's current laws on such issues,there are still some shortcomings,and the paper will give the author's suggestion,in order to be useful to solve these problems.


The invention relates to an auditing interface generating method. The method comprises the steps that a patient ID of a patient seeing a doctor in a hospital is obtained; the basic information of the patient is called from a basic database by means of the patient ID; prescribing/medical advise information of the patient ID is obtained; drug information is extracted from the prescribing/medical advise information; test information of the patient ID is called from a test database, and first link information of the test information is generated; auditing associated information is called from a rational drug use rule base, and a second link information of the auditing associated information is generated; auditing warning information generated after the drug information is audited according to rational drug use rules is obtained; a first auditing information data set is generated by means of the basic information of the patient, the drug information, the first link information of the test information, the second link information of the auditing associated information and the auditing warning information; a first auditing interface is generated by means of the first auditing information data set.


Objective:To investigate the mechanism of developmental coordination disorder(DCD)from the motor control point of view so as to provide theoretical guidance for etiological study.Methods:41 DCD Children from two primary schools were screened with DCDQ(a questionnaire for DCD).Dependent t-tests were performed to study the close-loop control,open-loop control mechanism and simple correlate analysis to study the relationship between the children's motor control deficits and real movement dysfunction.Results:The critical flicker frequency of DCD children were lower than the controls(22.7±3.1/27.5±5.9,22.3±4.1/26.0±5.9,21.0±4.8/25.5±4.7,P0.01).With the help of visual feedback,the difference of right arm motion angles of DCD children were higher than the controls(15.7±4.3/8.5±5.1,P0.01),so as that without the help of visual feedback(9.8±4.0/7.9±3.5,P0.05).Moreover,the DCD children' achieving time of drawing trajectory were longer and their errors were more than the controls under the condition of direct-vision(21.6±5.9/12.5±5.2,P 0.01;25.3±14.2/17.6±12.4,P0.05,whereas there were no difference between them under the condition of mirror-vision(78.2±19.4/68.8±26.5,78.5±24.0/69.9±23.4,P0.05).Additionally,the DCD children' errors were more than the control group during achieving the first continual and interval task of linear target movement(24.2±10.0/12.2±6.1,2.6±1.0/1.7±1.2,P0.01),just the same as they did in the second interval task(2.0±1.2/1.4±1.0,P0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the children's manual dexterity and the dynamic/static balance dysfunctional degree were correlated negatively with their critical flicker frequency in yellow or green(r=-0.33~-0.39).Children's manual dexterity,the ball movement and the dynamic/static balance dysfunctional degree existed positive correlation with the difference of right arm motion angles with the visual help,achieving time of drawing trajectory under direct vision,and errors during achieving the continual task of linear target movement(r=0.35~0.61).And there was positive correlation between children's manual dexterity and the errors during achieving the first interval task of linear target movement(r=0.46).Conclusion:Compared to the control group,children with DCD have deficits in visual acuity,kinesthesia and perception-motor internalization which create the close-loop control handicap,and motor program deficits which creates close-loop control handicap.Moreover there are relationship between children's motor control ability and real movement performance.The motor control deficits of DCD demonstrate that its pathological changes may be in the cerebellum.


Sudoku is a logic-based, combinatorial number placement puzzle, with the objective of filling an n2×n2 grid of cells with digits so that each column, row and n×n sub-grid (box) that compose the grid contain all the digits from 1 to n2. In this paper we study the problem of implementing the Sudoku solving algorithm through the membrane computing paradigm. The devices of this paradigm are called P systems. The solution is obtained by first finding a unique candidate in rows, columns and boxes using the constraints, and then applying various Sudoku solving strategies. Finally, if every strategy fails, the solution is searched through a brute force method. If the solution is obtainable, the P system returns the object YES to the environment. If the Sudoku is unsolvable, the P system returns the object NO to the environment and the system eventually halts. The main contribution of this paper is that the basic P System model defined in [1] has been extended further with additional powerful strategies based on the deductive logic popular with human solvers. The objectives of this effort are twofold (0 to study the very expressive, compact & elegant representation system membrane computing offers (ii) to study the resilience & flexibility offered by the representation to permit addition of new strategies; this being an important requirement in real life applications. The results are presented and discussed for some of the most difficult Sudoku problems available in open source literature. The model will find a solution if it exists. In this sense the model is a generic Sudoku solver.


This paper presents a real-time pollution monitoring model of convection heating surfaces based on coal online soft sensing, This model reality the optimization calculation of clean factor and get the information of coal moisture, ash content and ultimate only according to the existing measuring points and data in the Distributed Control System (DCS) of thermal power plants, no need to use additional equipment. Used this technique in 1000MW power units and the result shows that, the computational accuracy of clean factor has greatly improved, which will correct the boiler blowing operation.


Simple Summary The population of goshawks crashed in the middle of the 20th century due to persecution, forest management practices, and the usage of toxic pesticides (DDT) in agriculture. Now, it has rebuilt, yet the population trend is not equal across countries. Here, we focused on a goshawk population in central Poland for which monitoring started in the 1980s (high densities were recorded at that time of 16.3 pairs/100 km2) to see how changing environmental factors influenced the current population trend. In the field and forest mosaic, these birds build their nests in small forest complexes, but important prey tend to be caught near farmsteads. This has previously resulted in the persecution of the birds by farmers. Anthropogenic food (poultry and domestic pigeons) played a key role in their population density. Consequently, when the anthropogenic food base was limited (due to changes in the Polish farmland), population abundance dropped by half. As supplementary prey (including small-game and most corvid species) were not abundant, goshawks could not replace their staple food of anthropogenic origin. This demonstrates the complex way in which socioeconomic changes in agriculture can influence a raptor population: both positively (fewer cases of persecution are being recorded now) and negatively (small-scale breeding of pigeons and poultry became unimportant and unprofitable, and small game abundance decreased due to changes in farming practices and farmland structure). Abstract In this study, we focused on a goshawk population in central Poland (study area 105 km2, forests 24 km2, seven small forest complexes) which was monitored long-term (with high densities recorded in the 1980s of 16.3 pairs/100 km2 despite persecution by farmers) to analyse how environmental factors (prey availability and changes in the forest structure) influenced population abundance, breeding parameters, and diet composition. The study was undertaken from 2011–2018, and the results were compared with published data from two previous study periods (1982–1992 and 2001–2003). The number of breeding pairs dropped from 17.1 to 8.0; the breeding success was around 75% in all study periods. The selection of nesting trees followed the changes in stand species and age structure. More nesting attempts per one nest were recorded in the current time period (1.7 vs. 1.1), which probably reflected lower anthropopressure (i.e., no cases of persecution were recorded in this study). Diet composition seemed to follow changes in the prey availability: The share of domestic pigeons and poultry (the main prey in the 1980s) as well as small game dropped, while the share of Eurasian jay and wood pigeon increased. Our studies suggested that anthropogenic food (poultry and domestic pigeons) played a key role for the goshawk population in the transformed habitats of the field and forest mosaic.


The objective of this article is to expose the
results of a research using Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) to help
African countries and international organizations (both non-governmental
organizations and governmental organizations), to identify economical,
sociological, political and technological strategic objectives for
international development. We hope that the results of this research will aid
politicians and leaders to prioritize African countries strategic development
objectives according to political, economical, sociological and technological
(PEST) needs. In this study we use 23 various indicators to classify all the
African countries according to the following three different categories: [A]
African countries that are doing well according to the selected indicators; [B]
African countries that need support to acquire category A status; [C] African
countries ranked the lowest and needing special support with regard to the
criterion or criteria considered. The three categories are delimited by
tertiles obtained from the average ranking of countries. The chosen criteria
are measured in order to provide decision rules based on this classification.
These decision rules thus focus on the political, economic, sociological and
technological needs of countries with respect to improve their development and
classification. We strongly believe that by targeting these identified needs,
this research will help the development of African countries, target and
prioritize International funding, evaluate economic growth and sociological
improvements. Our results, from both the correlation matrix and DRSA, clearly
demonstrate that top priority should be given to analphabetism, school life and
reducing the amount of adolescents pregnancies in order to improve both
economically and sociologically. Also, our analysis of the African map
belonging to the overall classification results, puts the light over the fact
that most countries in category C are, geographically connected to one another,
what we named the "Poverty String''. This is the first research of a series of
three articles using DRSA in identifying strategic objectives for international
development. The second research will discuss the use of DRSA to identify
strategic objectives for Bosnia Herzegovina as a potential candidate to the
European Union. The third research will use DRSA to help define poverty for all
the United Nations countries and propose decision rules for international
development.


ABSTRACT This article will examine Wang Gongxin's and Zhang Peili's moving-image installations, critically reviewing their relationships with spaces they inhabit and are inhabited by as a dominant issue in these works. I argue that both artists are globally engaged and art-historically informed agent, fully aware of the complexity of their living spaces in their transcultural and historical entanglements and therefore that these artworks are constituted by interrogations of art's critical capacities. Wang and Zhang seem to scrutinize and compare the critical potential of a representational understanding of art that places its emphasis on objectification. In doing so, a distanced and analytic spectatorship is challenged in favour of a performative concept that emphasizes the mediating quality of art through a participant viewer. Their artistic interventions implicitly propose the concept of the artist and the viewer as embodied participants and constituents of the artwork, as opposed to a dualistic and distanced relationship.


Henan Province is one of the main grain producing areas in China and an important transportation hub. The land subsidence will cause some damage to agriculture and infrastructure. Sentinel-1 data is widely used in subsidence monitoring because of its wide coverage and free access. In this study, parallel computing-based coherent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (P-CSInSAR) method was used to process the 625 scenes sentinel-1 data of 10 frames in four orbit tracks within Henan Province area, and the line-of-sight (LOS) deformation map from August 2018 to December 2020 was obtained. The subsidence in Henan Province is mainly concentrated in the northeast, which is mainly caused by groundwater extraction and underground mineral resources mining. The normal monitoring and policy intervention of land subsidence in Henan Province will play an important role in the sustainable development of urban economy.


Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) face multiple challenges in order to identify reliable susceptibility genes for complex disorders, such as Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These include high false positivity due to number of SNPs genotyped, false negativity due to statistical corrections and the proportional signals problem. Association clustering methods, by reducing the testing burden, have increased power than single variant analysis. Here, OASIS, a locus-based test, and its novel statistic, the OASIS locus index (OLI), is applied to European (EU) and Chinese (Chi) SLE GWAS to identify common significant non-HLA, autosomal genes. Six SLE dbGAP GWAS datasets, 4 EU and 2 Chi involving 19,710 SLE cases and 30,876 controls were analyzed. OLI is defined as the product of maximum -logP at a locus with the ratio of actual to predicted number of significant SNPs and compared against the standard P-value using Box plots and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. OLI outperformed the standard P-value statistic in detecting true associations (Wilcoxon Signed Test Z= -4.11, P<1x10-4). Top non-HLA significant loci, common in both ethnicities were 2q32.2 (STAT4, rs4274624, P=9.7x10-66), 1q25.3 (SMG7, rs41272536, P=3.5x10-52), 7q32.1 (IRF5, rs35000415, P=1.9x10-45), 8p23.1 (BLK, rs2736345, P=1.5x10-25) and 6q23.3 (TNFAIP3, rs5029937, P=4.4x10-24). Overall, OASIS identified 19 highly significant and 16 modestly significant (P>10-8) non-HLA SLE associated genes common to EU and Chi ethnicities. Interaction of these 35 genes elucidated important SLE pathways viz NOD, TLR, JAK-STAT and RIG-1. OASIS aims to advance GWAS by rapid and cost-effective identification of genes of modest significance for complex disorders.


The incidence of swallowed foreign body is highest in the paediatric age group. Though it is most common in the younger children, several cases have been reported in older children, adults, psychiatric patients and prison inmates. Its presentation in the emergency department may be completely asymptomatic or life-threatening. The common objects ingested include coins, toys, buttons, pins, etc., but these are usually ingested by these patients while awake. Watchful waiting may suffice in the majority of cases but endoscopic removal and laparotomy may become necessary. We present a case of a 12-year-old boarding student who swallowed the detachable metallic part of a padlock key while asleep (having been playing with the object in his mouth just before he slept). A plain abdominal x-ray confirmed the diagnosis. Watchful waiting was used as a modality of treatment and he expelled the object within 24 hours of presentation. This case presentation is aimed at highlighting the importance of not retaining any objects in the mouth before sleeping or while feeling sleepy.


The present study entitled, "Standardization of different pre-sowing seed treatments on growth, yield and yield attributing traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) var. DBW-187." was carried out to assess the effect of electric priming, magnetic priming and bio-filming of varying stickers with polyvinyl glycol, methyl cellulose and alginate with an objective during Rabi 2021-2022 to find the promising pre-sowing treatment for wheat. The results indicated that all treatment recorded significant variation for growth and yield attributes that were studied and performed well to the untreated control (T0). The treatment T6- Electric priming @200m Amp for 60 sec. significantly recorded the field emergence of 94.00 %, 9.59 tillers per plant, test weight of 42.49 g, seed yield of 7.82 g per plant, seed yield of 477.22 g per plot, seed yield of 34.77q per hectare, 56.71q biological yield per hectare, 61.30% of harvest index, B:C ratio of 1.14 with gross returns of 69,540.00/- and net returns of 37,055/- respectively and found to be promising and can be suggested for commercial cultivation.


In an article summarizing privacy law in the American workplace, noted privacy law scholar Matthew Finkin painted a dramatic picture of the surveillance under which many American employees work.' For example, he cited a 2001 American Management Association study showing that nearly 80% of the large employers surveyed, who together employ as many as one out of four American workers, listened to employees' phone conversations and voice mail, and monitored electronic files and email.2 Finkin quoted the Privacy Foundation's statistic that 34% of workers are monitored continuously with regard to their email and Internet usage.3 However, Finkin also pointed


The article is devoted to the structural grammatical analysis of substantive, verbal, adverbial and thephraseological units with the structure of a sentence characterizing power in English, German and Russianlanguages. The analysis of phraseological units shows significant similarity of structural-grammaticalorganization of English, German and Russian phraseological units. Common features are caused by universallaws of thought, physiological and psychological qualities of a person. Structural differences of phraseologicalunits are explained by specific grammatical forms of each language and peculiarities of their functioning.


The conventional cryptography solutions are ill-suited to strict memory, size and power limitations of resource-constrained devices, so lightweight cryptography solutions have been specifically developed for this type of applications. In this domain of cryptography, the term lightweight never refers to inadequately low security, but rather to establishing the best balance to maintain sufficient security. This paper presents the first comprehensive survey evaluation of lightweight block ciphers in terms of their speed, cost, performance, and balanced efficiency in hardware implementation, and facilitates the comparison of studied ciphers in these respects. The cost of lightweight block ciphers is evaluated with the metric of Gate Equivalent (Fig.1), their speed with the metric of clock-cycle-per-block (Fig.2), their performance with the metric of throughput (Fig.3) and their balanced efficiency with the metric of Figure of Merit (Fig.4). The results of these evaluations show that SIMON, SPECK, and Piccolo are the best lightweight block ciphers in hardware implementation.(Abstract)


Quality attributes of Web service are dynamic and real-time.Much more attention has been put on the research of providing quality guaranteed Top-k services selection and in the mean time effectively reducing the load of the host server and also the network involved.This paper proposed a method named RTKS-QoS algorithm using monotone utility function,through nomalizing QoS attributes and calculating the value range of the utility function,efficiently filtered the Top-k services to meet the requirements.The experimental result shows under the constraints of k20,the response time and the network load of RTKS-QoS algorithm improved by 55% and 52% respectively compared to non-optimized case.


In the wake of the news about the unfortunate events that led to the resignation of Anthony Weiner, aged 46, from the U.S. House of Representatives, we ask: Should adult sexting be considered a deviant behavior worthy of inclusion in the DSM? Former Rep. Weiner's fall from grace began when he accidentally posted a link to a lewd photo of himself on a Twitter account that he used to communicate with constituents. He subsequently admitted that he had been sexting both photographs and messages to various women before and during his marriage. Sexting can be defined as ''sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, photographs, or images via cell phone, computer, or other digital devices.'' To date, much of the research has focused on adolescents and young adults, the age group most involved in this activity. An online survey of undergraduate students found that nearly two-thirds had sexted nude or semi-nude pictures of themselves, mostly to their boyfriend or girlfriend. About a quarter sexted someone they wanted to hook up with or date, and 15% sexted people they had met online only. While being sexy or initiating sex were the primary motivations of this group, an earlier pencil-and-paper survey by this same author found that self-expression was a primary motivation. Some authors place sexting in the category of cyberbullying, which it certainly can be when used by adolescents to harass other teens. But what about adults? Do we know anything about why adults use sexting and if it is associated with other high-risk sexual behaviors? To date, research to answer this question is limited. One study of young, mostly Hispanic older adolescents and young adults aged 16–25 found that 20% used sexting. The women who used it were slightly more likely to enjoy sex and slightly more likely to exhibit histrionic behavior. Perhaps it is just that some politicians lack the internal controls, such as conscience, or the external controls, such as police, to guard against what may be perceived as deviant behavior. Sexting among consenting adults is not a crime, and some adults would not consider sexting with a person other than a spouse ''cheating'' in a marriage. Others, however, might think that such behavior is a sign of a sex addict. Is it deviant behavior? Is it any different from watching porn movies, with or without your partner? Mr. Weiner's lapse of judgment brought to light that, in the age of Facebook and Twitter, cyber privacy cannot be guaranteed. Moreover, as clinical and research professionals, we need to be mindful that other issues may contribute to the reasons why some of our adult clients may engage in sexting. We believe there is a need for more research on adult sexting. What drives people who are married or in a committed relationship to text sexual messages and photos to someone other than their spouse? Does this behavior vary by gender and age? We need to understand the etiology of and treatment options appropriate for such behaviors. In the relatively new field of cyberpsychology, we strive to learn about the many challenges of current behavior that social networking makes possible. Certainly, such research will help us to prepare for the many behavioral changes that advances in interactive technology will inspire.


Sustainable bioenergy production depends upon the efficiency with which crops use available water to produce biomass and store carbon belowground. Therefore, water use efficiency (WUE; productivity vs. annual evapotranspiration, ET) is a key metric of bioenergy crop performance. We evaluate WUE of three potential perennial grass bioenergy crops, Miscanthus × giganteus (miscanthus), Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), and an assemblage of prairie species (28 species), and Zea mays–Glycine max rotation, during the establishment phase in Illinois. Ecosystem WUE (EWUE; net ecosystem productivity vs. ET) was highest in miscanthus, reaching a maximum value of 12.8 ± 0.3 kg ha–1 mm–1 in the third year, followed by switchgrass (7.5 ± 0.3 kg ha–1 mm–1) and prairie (3.9 ± 0.3 kg ha–1 mm–1); the row crop was the lowest. Besides EWUE, harvest‐WUE (HWUE, harvested biomass vs. ET) and net biome productivity‐WUE (BWUE, calculated as net ecosystem production – harvest vs. ET) were also estimated for all crops and years. After three years of establishment, HWUE and BWUE were highest in miscanthus (9.0 ± 2 and 3.8 ± 2.9 kg ha–1 mm–1, respectively) providing a net benefit to the carbon balance, while the row crops had a negative carbon balance and a negative BWUE. BWUE for maize/soybean indicate that this ecosystem would deplete the soil carbon stocks while using the water resources. Switchgrass had the second highest BWUE, while prairie was almost neutral indicating that long‐term carbon sequestration for this agro‐ecosystem would be sensitive to harvest timing with an early harvest removing more biomass, and thus carbon, from the field.


This report deals with three fatalities encountered by us during the past year, resulting from an immediate reaction to procaine hydrochloride. Several other severe but nonfatal reactions were seen by us during the same interval but are not included in this paper. These three cases are reported for the following reasons: to emphasize that fatalities may result from procaine hydrochloride; to indicate the possible mechanism of these reactions; and, finally, to discuss the classification, recognition, and treatment of such allergic conditions. As far back as 1924, the American Medical Association, realizing that reactions from local anesthetic drugs deserve investigation, appointed a committee to study and report on the subject. This committee reported 43 deaths from local anesthetic drugs, of which 26 were due to procaine hydrochloride and cocaine hydrochloride, and two were due to procaine hydrochloride alone. 1 Fourteen more fatalities due to such agents were added in a report


A method for estimating a directional wave spectrum is developed, based on measuring the time history of the motions and acceleration of a running ship. The spectrum is calculated by adopting the Maximum Likelihood Method, using an onboard microcomputer. A solution to the difficulty of transforming encounter frequency to absolute frequency is found.


). Abstract—Erasure coded storage cluster have increasingly become cost effective and fault tolerance solution for archive storage, data center, cloud storage. It protects against data loss caused by node failure because high reliability is an indispensable requirement for building large scale storage system. PULL rep and PULL sur are two existing reconstruction scheme based on PULL type transmission, where a rebuilding node initiates reconstruction by sending read request to fetch / pull surviving blocks such a pull node not only raises the TCP incast problem due to its synchronized many to one traffic pattern but also yields poor reconstruction performance to eliminate the transmission bottleneck of replacement node. This paper incorporates PUSH type transmission to node reconstruction, where the reconstruction procedure enables surviving nodes to accomplish reconstruction task in a pipeline manner. Each surviving node combines its local block with intermediate block with another surviving node to partially generate an intermediate block forwarded to a subsequent node. Thus PUSH can speed up reconstruction process by maximizing utilization of both network and input/output bandwidth of all surviving nodes. The PUSH based reconstruction scheme is extended for heterogeneous erasure coded storage clusters by taking into account both load and heterogeneity of surviving nodes.


The paper presents an elementary approach for the calculation of the entropy of a class of languages. This approach is based on the consideration of roots of a real polynomial and is also suitable for calculating the Bernoulli measure. The class of languages we consider here is a generalisation of the Łukasiewicz language.


Teresa L. Larkin is an Associate Professor of Physics Education and Faculty Liaison to the Pre-engineering Program at American University. She received her Ph.D. in Curriculum and Instruction with emphasis in Physics and Science Education from Kansas State University. Dr. Larkin is involved with Physics Education Research (PER) and has published widely on topics related to the assessment of student learning in introductory physics and engineering courses. Noteworthy is her work with student writing as a learning and assessment tool in her introductory physics courses for non-majors. She has been an active member of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) and the American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) for over 25 years. Dr. Larkin served on the Board of Directors for ASEE from 1997-1999 as Chair of Professional Interest Council (PIC) III and as Vice President of PICs. Dr. Larkin has received numerous national and international awards including the ASEE Distinguished Educator and Service Award from the Physics and Engineering Physics Division in 1998. Dr. Larkin received the Outstanding Teaching in the General Education Award from AU in 2000. In 2000 – 2001 she served as a National Science Foundation ASEE Visiting Scholar. In 2010 she was honored at the XI Conference on Engineering and Technology Education (INTERTECH 2010) in Ilhéus, Brazil with an award in Recognition of Global Outreach and Contributions to the fields of Engineering and Technology Education Worldwide. Dr. Larkin is the author of a book chapter published in 2010 entitled "Women's Leadership in Engineering" in K. O'Connor (Ed.) Gender and Women's Leadership: A Reference Handbook (Vol 2, pp. 689 – 699). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.


In this paper,superoxide dismutase(SOD) was used as a template,and purification and modification were coupled to obtain more stable modified SOD with higher activity.SOD was mixed with DEAE-52 and Cu2+ chelating-sephadex G-75 without being washed immediately but modified by activated PEG5000 upon that solid-phase column,then washed specifically.The modification and purification of SOD were completed at the same time.Finally,the specific activity of PEG-SOD after IEC-modification was 9638.0 U/mg,with a purification factor of 1.87.It was modified at 35.3% of its free amino groups.And the specific activity of PEG-SOD after MCAC-modification was 9067.8 U/mg,with a purification factor of 1.755.It was modified at 40.9% of its free amino groups,retained 87.1% of enzymatic activity of native SOD.It is feasible to couple the purification and modification of SOD.And the coupling of MCAC and modification was better than this of IEC and modification.


This study is in relation to a sports celebrity′s identity and its contribution towards cultural-oriented critical discussion. In this study, the identity of the sports celebrity is discussed first, and then based on the current culture of sports celebrity; there will be a critical focus regarding the point of hegemony. And the last issue of a sports celebrity culture is centered on the problem of cultural reforms that were proposed for the scheme. This intensity is as follows; First, the conditions of sports celebrity, in addition to excellence continued ability to perform exercises; it is the product of them according to the logic of neo-liberalism. And sports celebrity involve themselves in a society with certain hegemony and its context, and the process of the mass media is a fundamental operating pattern. Second, the culture of sports celebrity involved in sports shows a state in which they bite thoroughly with the logic of neo-liberalism; thus it is possible to by this, fan base of stardom also represents the worried face. With stardom comes gatekeepers (sports management industry, media), and fan criticism coming a lack of fans can be said to be the center of the problem. Third, in order to overcome the issues of sports celebrity culture, and the relationships regarding stock of sexuality and sport, recognition of the ethics of the noun of the gatekeeper, independent consciousness of sports celebrity must be preceded.


International Search Report issued Nov. 7, 2007 in PCT Application No. PCT/EP2007/O595.97. International Preliminary Reporton Patentability issued Nov. 7, 2008 in PCT Application No. PCT/EP2007/0595.97. Abbas, Syed A. et al., Factors Associated with the Release of Cardiac Troponin T Following Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty, Clinical Cardiology, 1996, pp. 782-786, vol. 19. Ala-Kopsala, Minna et al., Molecular Heterogeneity Has a Major Impact on the Measurement of Circulating N-Terminal Fragments of Aand B-Type Natriuretic Peptides, Clinical Chemistry, 2004, pp. 1576-1588, vol. 50, No. 9. Bonow, Robert O., New Insights Into the Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides, Circulation, 1996, pp. 1946-1950, vol. 93. Brueckmann, Martina et al., N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide as a biochemical marker of long-term interventional Success after radiofrequency catheter ablation of paroxysmal Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2004, pp. 896-902, vol. 42, No. 8. Costello, John M. et al., Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass and Sur gical intervention on the natriuretic hormone system in children, The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sep. 2005, pp. 822 829, vol. 130, No. 3. Frigerio, Maria et al., Prevention and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Management of Asymptomatic Patients, American Journal of Cardiology, May 8, 2003, pp. 4F-9F, vol.91 (supplement), No.9A. Maisel, Alan S. et al., Cardiac biomarkers: a contemporary status report, Nature Clinical Practice, Jan. 2006, pp. 24-34, vol. 3, No. 1. Mueller, Thomas et al., Long-term stability of endogenous B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and amino terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) in frozen plasma samples, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Medicine, 2004, pp. 942-944, vol. 42, No. 8. Nolan, John P. and Skylar, Larry A., Suspension array technology: evolution of the flat-array paradigm, Trends in Biotechnology, Jan. 2002, pp. 9-12, vol. 20, No. 1. Ricciardi, Mark J. et al., Visualization of Discrete Microinfarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Associated With Mild Creatine Kinase-MB Elevation, Circulation, 2001, pp. 2780-2783, vol. 103. Saadeddin, Salam M. et al. Detection of minor myocardial injury after Successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with or without stenting, Medical Science Monitor, 2000, pp. 708 712, vol. 6, No. 4. Saleh, NawSadet al., Usefulness of Preprocedural Serum N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels to Predict Long-Term Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Normal Troponin T Levels, The American Journal of Cardiology, 2006, pp. 830-834, vol. 97. Sundsfjord, J. A. et al., Identification and Plasma Concentrations of the N-Terminal Fragment of Proatrial Natriuretic Factor in Man, Journal of Clinical Endrocrinology and Metabolism, Mar. 1988, pp. 605-610, vol. 66, No. 3. Tateishi, Jun et al., Transient Increase in Plasma Brain (B-Type) Natriuretic Peptide after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty, Clinical Cardiology, 2000, pp. 776-780, vol. 23. Wu, Alan H. B. et al., Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of the Bayer ADVIA Centaur Automated B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Assay in Patients with Heart Failure: A Multisite Study, Clinical Chemistry, 2004, pp. 867-873, vol. 50, No. 5.


the title: is it a title, a title and subtitle?): do I hear the visual in music in quite the same way? Whose eye? Who is 'I'? While it is not uncommon to see authors start out their prefaces and Introductions with ambitious goals, Shaw-Miller is remarkably modest in articulating his: 'I want to claim music as a subject for art historians' (p. xii). This he certainly does, not just with regard to the study of music in an academic context, but also in the different ways he invites the reader to experience sound: philosophical, spatial, social, spiritual, cosmic. Supported by a generous smattering of visual examples (some even in colour), Shaw-Miller's informative descriptions of image and sound are equally nourishing for scholars and students of music. In the end, an aversion to creating simple parallels between music and art helps Shaw-Miller achieve what few scholars of such projects are able to pull off: a graceful motion through which readers might envisage sight/site in sound and hear music in the visual. GURMINDER K. BHOGAL Wellesley College


This paper provides a procedure for estimating Stochastic Volatility (SV) in financial time series via latent autoregressive in a Bayesian setting. A Gaussian distributional combined prior and posterior of all hyper-parameters (autoregressive coefficients) were specified such that the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) iterative procedure via the Gibbs and Metropolis-Hasting sampling method was used in estimating the resulting exponentiated forms (quadratic forms) from the posterior kernel density. A case study of Naira to eleven (11) exchangeable currencies, rates by Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) was subjected to the estimated solutions of the autoregressive stochastic volatility. The posterior volatility estimates at 5%, 50%, and 95% quantiles of e μ 2 = (0.130041, 0.1502 and 0.1795) respectively unveiled that the Naira-US Dollar exchange rates has the highest rates bartered by fluctuations.


David Restle University of München Underdetermination and enrichment in control constructions From a semantic point of view, infinitive constructions like [Peter asked/promised Mary] to come to the party and its German equivalent are underdetermined structures under more than one aspect. On the one hand, the lack of a syntactic subject calls for the reconstruction of a "logical" subject. In our example we need to reconstruct the reference of the person whose coming-to-the-party is the content of the request/promise. On the other hand, the semantic relation holding between the referential arguments of the control predicates and the referential arguments of the embedded infinitives is underdetermined: In the German nominal control construction die Freude zu gewinnen (literally 'the joy to win') either the context or intervening facultative pronominal adverbs darüber/daran/darauf determines if the event of winning is temporally located before, at, or after the event of joy (cf. Restle 2006). The discussion in this paper will be confined to the first case of underdetermination, the interpretation of PRO. Early research (cf. Rosenbaum 1967) was trying to get a grip on the problem of control interpretation with purely syntactic means (with the terms "subject/object control" stemming from this time), and failed. The options left nowadays are either semantic or pragmatic, as the dependencies of the control interpretation from context and stereotypes seem to suggest. Proponents of the semantic view of control interpretation (e.g. Culicover & Jackendoff 2005) use coercions in order to transform little John asked to go into little John asked to be allowed to go. This view is problematic in light of the fact that we can not predict exactly when coercion is necessary and when it is not. Proponents of more pragmatic views (e.g. Köpcke & Panther 2002) introduce special pragmatic roles and maxims in order to reconstruct logical subjects pragmatic roles that seem to be idiosyncratic for control phenomena. Besides the comparison of those general options we report on the results of a questionnaire which backs up the willingness for pragmatically induced control changes at least amongst younger speakers. Our new model will avoid the problems mentioned above in using an optimality theoretic device to enrich the conceptually underspecified semantic representation. This OT-account is also able to describe the differences in orientation strategy between


of patients waiting for a transplant nationally, now more than 100000, and the number of organ donors, now at slightly over 8000. The US Department of Health and Human Services, through the Health Resources and Services Administration, has initiated a series of national quality improvement collaboratives to increase the number of organ donors, to increase the number of organs transplanted, and to increase the capacity of transplant centers to perform these additional transplants. The 6 organ procurement organizations (OPOs) that comprise the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) region 10 initiated a 3-state collaborative quality improvement project to study the relationship between attaining specific organ donor management goals and the number of organs transplanted per donor. The group decided on the same method used in the collaborative, which is the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) model. The Plan stage involved designing the study, the data elements, data collection points, and duration. The Do stage was to collect the data for a 1-year period for all donors within the region. The Study stage was the data analysis to determine any correlations. The Act stage is to publish our findings and expand the scope of the project.


Measurement of the topological charge (TC) of vortex beams, including integer and fractional orbital angular momentum, is of great importance in diverse fields. Here we first investigate the diffraction patterns of a vortex beam from crossed blades with different opening angles and positionings on the beam by a simulation and experiment. Then the positions and opening angles of the crossed blades that are sensitive to the variation of TC are selected and characterized. We show that for a specific position of the crossed blades on the vortex beam, the integer TC can be measured directly by counting the bright spots in the diffraction pattern. Moreover, we show experimentally that for other positions of the crossed blades, by calculating the first-order moment of the intensity of the diffraction pattern, the integer TC between -10 and 10 can be obtained. In addition, this method is used to measure the fractional TC and, as an example, the TC measurement is demonstrated for a range between 1 and 2 with 0.1 steps. The result of the simulation and experiment shows good agreement.


The Choristodera is a poorly understood group of semi-aquatic reptiles comprising about a dozen genera (Table 1 and Ksepka et al., 2005). These include the small, semi-aquatic, lizard-like Lazarussuchus, Cteniogenys, and Monjuroschus; the 2-m long Pachystropheus (considered a sister taxa to Choristodera by Evans and Manabe, 1999); the small, long-necked aquatic forms Shokawa and Hyphalosaurus; the gharial-like Champsosauridae consisting of seven species of Champsosaurus; and the crocodile-like Simoedosauridae (Simoedosaurus, Ikechosaurus, Tchoiria, and ?Khurendukhosaurus). The Champsosauridae and Simoedosauridae are Cretaceous to early Tertiary clades that constitute the Neochoristodera of Evans and Hecht (1993). Although crocodilian in general form, cladistic analyses put choristoderes far from Eosuchia, and even outside the Neodiapsida (Younginiformes + Sauria; Gao and Fox, 1998). The origin of the group is not yet clear and this poor phylogenetic resolution is a reflection of significant gaps in the fossil record of choristoderes. For example, if Pachystropheus is indeed a choristodere, then choristoderes first occur in the Triassic of Europe as large-bodied animals (Storrs and Gower, 1993) but are absent in subsequent assemblages until the Barremian, when a diverse assemblage appears in Asia (Ksepka et al., 2005). Previous to our report, the earliest known North American neochoristoderes were from the Aptian/Albian (Gao and Fox, 1998). This geographic and stratigraphic pattern of distribution led to the hypothesis that large-bodied neochoristoderes had their center of evolution in Asia, save for the Champsosauridae, which likely originated in North America (Gao and Fox, 1998). In this paper, we report on a specimen from the base of the Cedar Mountain Formation in Utah, which is currently assessed as Barremian and, thus, extends back the known range of North American neochoristoderes by at least 10 million years.


PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to uptake and to deliver diquafosol from commercial contact lenses (CLs) and its effect on tear secretion.

METHODS
For both in vitro and in vivo experiments, two commercial silicone hydrogel (Si-Hy) CLs (comfilcon A and balafilcon A) were used. The CLs were soaked overnight for 12 h in diquafosol solution and control CLs were soaked in saline solution (NaCl 0.9%). The CLs were introduced into a new well container with 1 mL of saline solution, and aliquots of 100 μL were extracted at different times during a period of 6 h to measure the diquafosol release. For in vivo experiments, nine male New Zealand white rabbits were used. CLs soaked in diquafosol were inserted in the eye and compared with control CLs and diquafosol topical instillation. Schirmer's tests were performed to evaluate tear secretion and diquafosol release at different times during the 6-h period.

RESULTS
For in vitro experiments, the largest amount of diquafosol was released during the first 24 h for both CL materials under study, without statistical differences between them (P < 0.05). The topical application showed the maximum release at 1 min after instillation, meanwhile the release from both CL materials was at 30 min of insertion. The effect on tear secretion was higher with CL delivery compared with topical instillation (P < 0.05), being 300 min for both CLs and 90 min for topical application.

CONCLUSION
The use of CLs increases the residence time of diquafosol on the ocular surface with a concomitant enhancement in tear secretion during longer periods.


Purpose
High incidence of workplace bullying in Indian organizations is well-acknowledged, but less is known about the games that bullies play to create a favorable atmosphere for bullying in academic institutions. This study aims to reveal the "safe game" tactics that the bullies use to chase targets like a predator chases his prey.

Design/methodology/approach
The study explores various manifestations of academic bullying by analyzing the victimization experiences of women faculty in academic institutions. The data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and informal discussions to explore the victimization episodes in detail.

Findings
The analysis indicates a set of common manifestations framed by bullies in academia to create a favorable environment for bullying. These manifestations often play out in a sequence. Initially, the targets are overloaded with work to portray the victims as incapable and less competent. Then, the bullies lodge many formal complaints with the help of their supporters. Finally, they create an environment of silence by threatening them for their responses against bullying.

Originality/value
This paper is supported by previous research in this area and progresses by exploring the experiences of the victims in academics to find a common sequence in the mistreatment they suffer. The study concludes by showing unexplored areas in research on workplace bullying in the academic sector and provides a foundation for further research.


It is extensive to handle all kinds of subscriptions based on Web, The paper introduces an example in order to explain how to automatically handle subscriptions by SQL Server and ASP.


The effects of decoloring agent PS-10 on rosin were studied.Based on results of single-factor test,the official experiment was initiated.In the experiment,the effects of three factors:temperature of reaction,time of reaction,and dosage of decoloring agent,were analyzed using the mathematical mode-"Quadratic Orthogonal Rotable Combination Design".Regression equations were also developed.Using the theory of optimization,the following optimum conditions of experiment were determined: temperature of reaction 272℃,time of reaction 4h,and dosage of decoloring agent (0.175%).Results from the proving test are color 120 Hazen,AV 167.2mg/g,SP 76.1℃,which accorded with the demands of quality of light-colored rosin.


Multirotor UAVs are becoming increasingly important in both civilian and military fields. In the plateau environment, the endurance time of multirotor UAVs is still too short for mission requirements. Thus, the optimisation of the efficiency of the power system is considered to be an effective way to overcome this problem. This paper presents a practical method of power system design to maximise endurance time in a plateau environment. First, the optimal proportion of battery quality is analysed from the perspective of energy consumption of multirotor UAVs. Second, the modelling method of each component of the power system is studied separately. Then, the endurance solution method is given, the multirotor UAV power system is optimised and analysed according to the given design requirements, and the effectiveness and practicability of the method are verified through experiments.


Introduction: The worldwide prevalence of mental disorders points to the need for adequate and urgent holistic responses. The disconnection between science, health and politics before and during the pandemic of COVID-19 undermined the actions and reorganization of the reception and support system, especially for the most vulnerable, women and young people.  Objective: To verify the prevalence of anxious, depressive and hopelessness symptoms in academics of a public university during the pandemic period. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out with 128 undergraduate nursing students from a public university in the state of Paraíba, Brazil from January to March 2021. The recruitment was online and the data collection instrument was prepared on Google Forms with sociodemographic, health and coping strategies questions. Results: The study showed a majority of single female academics with a positive self-perception of health. Nervousness, autonomic symptoms and fear stood out among the anxious symptoms. Regarding depressive symptoms, most reported self-criticism, irritability, fatigue, pessimism and sleep disorders. Positive expectations regarding the future were prevalent in the sample. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the health of the academic community. The students experienced the second wave with psycho-emotional reactions, but also with various coping strategies, mainly related to affective support from family and friends and professional support. The results show the need to investigate daily life, its stressors and risk factors to provide adequate support to promote and maintain the health of these students by approaching protective factors.


Abstract : The Index is a reference list of non-government Human Systems/Human Engineering standardization documents. Since the designation of documents as standards by non-government standards bodies tends to be somewhat flexible, the scope of non-government standards for the Index was kept quite loose and includes standards, specifications, recommended practices, codes, guides, handbooks, etc. The Index also lists draft standards, standardization organizations, and where to obtain the documents.


Purpose: To study the effect of spherical lens induced aniseikonia on stereopsis and fusion. Methods: One hundred subjects, with normal binocular function without any ophthalmic disease or surgery history, were examined. The aniseikonia was induced with spherical lenses in 1 diopter (D) stepwise manner from -2 D to +2 D. The amount of aniseikonia was measured by Awaya's New Aniseikonia Test. Stereopsis and fusion were determined with Titmus Stereo Test and fusion card of major amblyoscope respectively. Results: As the amount of aniseikonia was increased, the stereopsis and fusion were decreased. The change was statistically significant (ANOVA, p


Specific developments on technological steps involved in the fabrication of antimony based diode lasers have been carried out. Evident improvements of the performances have been achieved. High power, low threshold, room temperature (RT) and continuous wave (CW) operation laser diodes emitting around 2.4μm, based on the InGaAsSb / AlGaAsSb materials system, have been realised. with a 100μm wide and 1mm long cavity laser, a maximum output power of 720mW has been obtained at 285K.


The parasporal inclusion proteins of the type strain of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar higo (H44), that have moderate mosquitocidal activity, were characterized. The purified parasporal inclusions, spherical in shape, were examined for activity against the two mosquito species, Culex pipiens molestus and Anopheles stephensi and the moth‐fly, Telmatoscopus albipunctatus. The LC50 values of the inclusion for the two mosquitoes were 3·41 and 0·15 μg ml−1, respectively. No mortality was shown for T. albipunctatus larvae by the inclusions at concentrations up to 1 mg ml−1. Solubilized parasporal inclusions exhibited no haemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes. Parasporal inclusions consisted of eight proteins with molecular masses of 98, 91, 71, 63, 59, 50, 44 and 27 kDa. Of these, the 50 and 44 kDa proteins were the major components. Analysis with immunoblotting revealed that, among several inclusion proteins of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis, only two proteins of 130 kDa and 110 kDa reacted weakly with antibodies against higo proteins. N‐terminal amino acid sequences of the 98, 91, and 71 kDa proteins showed 85–100% identity to those of the two established Cry protein classes, Cry4A and Cry10A.


Recently, social media sites have been attracting people to start and operate online business. It has been gaining more attention especially during this COVID-19 pandemic, where most activities are conducted via online platform. For instance, Instagram is one of the social media platform where people share and post their pictures and videos on their account, but some people take this opportunity to promote their business and shop online via features provided by Instagram. Based on observation, there is no specific function that visualizes the information of Instagram's business accounts to help people in gaining information and making decisions during shopping process. Thus, a system that specifically visualizes Instagram's extracted data was developed using Web Content Mining technique with the assistance of hashtags as data-points and Phantombuster API. Tableau software integrated with JavaScript library is used as a visualization tool to display the users shopping activities. The result of the extracted data was visualized in the form of Bubble Chart, Bar Chart, and Multiple Bar Chart that were placed in different dashboards. The results from the obtained functional testing and users' feedbacks have indicated 64.3% of the respondents agreed that the proposed system helps users in making the right choice during online shopping. However, this system has some limitation that could be further enhanced such as updating the information automatically in real time without using any manpower and to increase the interactivity between system and user instead of using static visualization graphs.


Abstract The Attachment Behavior Checklist is a promising, but unvalidated, measure designed to assess attachment disturbances. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Results revealed a 5-factor solution best fit the data. Individual differences in the factors were examined. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to determine convergent and discriminant validity.


The present invention discloses a process for the production of solar water heaters, heat exchangers pressurized bladder, comprising a step of the gall bladder sealed within the outer welding, welding the outer gall bladder communicating pipe liner and the liner into the pipe, and gall bladder welded to the outer outer outer bladder into communication with the outer tube and the bladder tube. Step two, were opened in the same direction the process liner and the outer holes bladder, the position of the hole to ensure process process when the holes are located outside the interior lumen and a bladder lumen highest point, liner feed pipe and the pipe liner At least one is located in the lower outer bladder, while the outer bladder into the tube and the outer bladder outlet pipe has at least one is located in the lower outer bladder; step three, the outer bladder welding hook members, the number and position of the hook members can be guaranteed outer bladder is hooked when starting the process liner and the holes are located at the top of the outer bladder lumen. According to the present production process, it is possible without increasing the thickness of the materials and processing equipment of the premise of improving heat bladder pressure solar water heaters structural stability and service life.


This paper proposes a novel Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) architecture called Multi-hEad sub-wavElength swiTching (MEET). Compared with the current architectures, MEET proposes to aggregate traffic using passive optical nodes instead of using electrical nodes (switches and routers). Several options regarding a potential control plane are compared in terms of resource allocation efficiency. Two options are relative to the burst assembly process whereas another option is relative to the dynamicity of the resource allocation process. Performance evaluation is carried out using a simulation platform fed by real traffic traces captured on a French operator's metropolitan network. The QoS delivered to three different classes of service has been assessed in terms of latency and jitter. Obtained results show that a control plane that does not adapt to short-term variations of the real traffic may provide QoS levels compatible with an operational MAN.


Subtitle: The Asian fashion industry means a lot more business for international designers and carriers.On the money. -- From catwalk. -- To cargo hold. -- Portrait of an artist.


Abstract : The Man-Portable Vector electromagnetic induction sensor is a new-generation instrument designed to extend classification of unexploded ordnance (UXO) to sites where vegetation or terrain limit access to vehicle-based advanced geophysical platforms. The MPV was tested at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona UXO Standardized Test Site in October 2010. Most demonstration objectives were attained. Detection objectives were exceeded with 100% target detection within 0.3-meter depth and 90% within 1 meter, zero false alarms from non-metallic objects and no detectable targets missed during field survey. Discrimination goals were met with over 90% correct classification in top 1 meter and recover of location and depth within 0.1 m. False alarm rate for discrimination reached 60% in top 0.3 meter and 75% at 1 meter. The system was remarkably resilient for a second-generation research prototype. Its electromagnetic-beacon positioning system was tested against a Real-Time Kinematic GPS and yielded satisfactory accuracy. The MPV is scheduled to be deployed in June 2011 at next ESTCP demonstration at former Camp Beale, California.


In wireless eon mobile devices have turned out to be the integral part of all human communication. As a result, the computer malware is now drifting from computers to mobile phones. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the Bluetooth & SMS based mobile malware propagation, cloud based detection of both the malwares & at last, control the malware propagation. At first, mobile network is formed. It is also referred as geographical social network. It consists of mobile devices, cell towers & gateways for data transfer. Mobile malware propagates via two communication channels viz. Bluetooth/WiFi, and SMS/MMS. BT based malware propagates in geometric proximity and thus has a short range spreading pattern. SMS based malware propagation has a long-range spreading pattern. SMS based malwares are dangerous when it comes to speed and scope of propagation. Signatures are used to detect the mobile malware. Signature matching is performed on externally implemented server which is a separately implemented module. This malware detection technique comes under cloud based mobile malware detection. When a message is sent from one device to another device, suspicious activity logs are sent to cloud server. When some predefined numbers of logs come from a specific device & signature matches, then that device is declared as malicious or attacker device. Malicious devices' details are sent back to mobile network in the form of patch. This patch prevents other devices from receiving the message sent by attacker.


Panoutsakopoulos V, Kollias IA. Temporal analysis of elite men's discus throwing technique. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 826-836, 2012. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the duration of the throw and the official throwing distance in a group of elite male discus throwers. The time analysis of the technique phases (i.e. preparation, entry, flight, transition, delivery, release) of the participants in a top international athletics competition was used in order to conduct the study. Data were retrieved after recording seven right-handed throwers (age: 28.8 ± 4.1 years, body height: 1.94 ± 0.09 m, body mass: 119.4 ± 11.6 kg) with a Casio EX-FX1 (Casio Computer Co. Ltd) digital video camera (sampling frequency: 300fps) and analyzing the captured throws with the V1 Home 2.02.54 software (Interactive Frontiers Inc.). The relationships among the duration of the technique phases of the throw and the official throwing distance were examined with Pearson Correlation Analysis using the SPSS 10.0.1 software (SPSS Inc.). Results revealed that no significant correlation (p > 0.05) existed among the average official throwing distance (63.04 ± 6.09 m) and the duration of the discus throw or the duration of each technique phase. The temporal and correlation analyses were in agreement with previous studies. The dominant style of release was the release with no support on the ground. The majority of the throwers spent a larger percentage of the delivery turn (transition, delivery and release phases) being in single than in double support. It was noted that a short duration of the transition phase, combined with lower values of the ratio of the time spent for the starting turn compared to the time spent for the delivery turn might be favorable regarding the achievement of a larger throwing distance. Key words: TRACK AND FIELD THROWS, OFFICIAL THROWING DISTANCE, SINGLE SUPPORT PHASE, DOUBLE SUPPORT PHASE, BIOMECHANICS.


Nowadays, more and more people are investing in the stock market. Predicting the trend of stock movements is a popular topic nowadays. Financial traders' decisions to buy or sell instruments are generally influenced by it. Investors may be able to make attractive gains from the successful prediction of share prices. These tasks are very complex and difficult. The purpose of this article is to test four models to verify which one has a better predictive effect. The stability of the NASDAQ Composite Index forecasts, as well as F1 scores, were compared through Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, and stacking model. They were determined to be more appropriate for stock price prediction. The input data is between 2000.1.1 and 2021.8.1 and is based on historical data of the NASDAQ Composite Index stocks. According to the experimental results, the stacking method is better than the other three forecasting models.


[Purpose] To explore PAR1 mRNA and protein expressions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) tissues and their matched cancer adjacent tissues.[Methods] The expressions of PAR1 mRNA and protein in ESCC tissues and their matched cancer adjacent tissues were detected by RT-PCR and IHC,respectively.Meanwhile,the different expressions of PAR1 mRNA in ESCC tissues between different clinicopathologic features were analyzed.[Results] The expression level of PAR1 mRNA in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than that in their matched cancer adjacent tissues(146.220±24.790 vs 134.054±23.593,t=-4.17,P0.01).ESCC patients with lymph node metastasis had a higher expression level of PAR1 mRNA(t=-2.199,P0.05).Also,there was a higher positive rate of PAR1 protein expression in ESCC tissues(49% vs 3.64%,χ2=23.04,P0.001).[Conclusion] Both PAR1 mRNA and protein expressions are upregu-lated in ESCC tissues,which might closely associate with carcinogenesis and progress of ESCC.


1.2. The declaration of an identified GHG storage formation provides the mechanism for transition from an assessment permit to a holding lease or injection licence (which includes a site plan) following the identification of an eligible storage formation. In general, the matters specified in the injection licence must not be inconsistent with the fundamental suitability determinants set out in the declaration of storage formation (section 358(4)) of the OPGGSA.


Experimental binary vapor-liquid equilibrium data were obtained for mixture of on light component, among nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, and one heavy component, among tulene, m-xylene, mesitylene, n-propylcyclohexane, and n-propylbenzence. Three static analytical methods differing by the sampling technique and one static synthetic method were used about 313, 393, and 473 K


The Islamic inheritance law system is one of the inheritance law systems that apply in Indonesia. Presidential Instruction 1/1991 is a legal instrument that makes Islamic law a positive law in Indonesia, however, the development of the constitutional system and the legal system in Indonesia has undergone very rapid changes since the reform era. This raises new legal problems in the implementation of the Compilation of Islamic Laws considering that the position of Presidential Instruction 1/1991 in the statutory system is not known as statutory regulation.In the aspect of binding power, the Presidential Instruction cannot be applied to the public because it does not have general binding power and only binds inwardly against officials with a lower position in 1 (one) institution. Even so, the existence of Presidential Instruction 1/1991 is still recognized to this day considering that its substance was formed through a joint decision between the Minister of Religion and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Thus, the Compilation of Islamic Law binds religious court judges who are under the environment of the Supreme Court. Judges can use the Compilation of Islamic Law as a legal basis for resolving disputes that occur between Muslim communities.


An investigation had been made into the bird communities in habitats of
the villages, farmlands, plantations of pine,and
grasslands in Gaoping Airport and the surrounding area from September
2006 to February 2007, with the related diversity indices
analyzed. A total of 81 species belonging to 37 families and 13 orders
was recorded. The bird density in the farmlands and villages were
higher than in the grasslands and plantations of pine in autumn and
winter. The density in winter was higher than in autumn in the
grasslands. Based on the habits and habitats, analysis of
important values, the habitat distribution coefficient,
the densities of Egretta garzetta , Columba domestica , Streptopelia
orientalis , Motacilla alba , Pycnonotus sinensis , Alauda gulgula
, Emberiza pusilla etc were dangerous to airplanes in autumn; Columba
domestica, Alauda gulgula, Emberiza pusilla, Carduelis sinica,
Pycnonotus sinensis, Anthus spinoletta etc were dangerous to airplanes
in winter. Some control measures to prevent birds striking aircraft
have been proposed in this paper, such as decresing the quantity of the
bearing plants, reducing grass in height and limiting the density of
soil fauna etc.


Nowadays, diabetes has become a very widespread disease, and research on blood glucose has become one of the important topics. Researchers have developed a variety of glucose biosensors that can detect blood glucose levels, but there are still some problems, such as environmental limitations, reaction rate limitations and price limitations. Therefore, this paper reviews a large amount of literature and data, introduces the mechanisms of different glucose biosensors, summarizes past and present developments in glucose biosensors, and analyzes the advantages and limitations of different types of glucose biosensors. Finally, through analysis and comparison, the paper concludes that there is still much room for the development of glucose biosensors and in the future, there will likely be glucose biosensors that are more miniaturized, more efficient and allow for wireless use. Therefore, in the future, glucose biosensors will likely overcome the various problems that exist at present, become more convenient, more sensitive and cheaper, and will be used in more applications by more people.


Various treatments were tested for their capacity to abolish the preferential accumulation of ribonucleic acid in the pelletable-membrane fraction of rel− cells of Escherichia coli starved for amino acids. DNAase in the cold increased the extraction of RNA both in exponentially-growing and in starved cells. The most pronounced increase in DNAase-dependent RNA extraction was observed with rel− cells starved for short periods. Incubation at 37°C, or a high concentration of ammonium or potassium, abolished completely the preferential accumulation of RNA in the pelletable-membrane fraction of rel− cells starved for 15 min, but left undisturbed considerable amounts of RNA in the membranes of rel− cells which had undergone prolonged starvation (60 min). No preferential accumulation of ribonucleic acid in the membrane fraction of amino acid-deprived cells could be detected when extracts were prepared in the presence of 5 mM magnesium.

The sedimentation pattern of the RNA released by several methods was studied. The RNA formed during amino acid starvation of rel− cells was found mainly in polysomes.


A method of correcting the seismometers' responses discrepancy for differential measurements of strains and rotations in the seismic far field is proposed. The method concerns differential calibration of the whole seismometers' array by electric current. A model of corrective filtering of the obtained differential signals in the Z domain is given. Two methods of the filter parameters' estimation are introduced; they are based on the seismometers response to the calibration.A practical test of the methods — an analysis of a recorded seismic event — is added. Significant reduction of differences between simultaneous seismic recordings was obtained, which is interpreted as cleaning of differential signal from spurious elements.


Acyl-CoA elongases are important in producing high~erucic acid rapeseed. The effects of Triton X-100, N~ctyl-f3-Dglucopyranoside and deoxycholate on the C18:l-CoA and C20:I-CoA elongase(s) have been studied by using a 15,000 X g pellet from developing rapeseed. The synthesis of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFA) and, in particular, that of erucic acid were st imulated by Triton X-100, whatever the substrate used. In the presence of Noctyl-fl-I~glucopyranoside, the elongase activity was practically unchanged, whereas deoxycholate strongly inhibited VLCMFA synthesis. ~ i ton X-100 was chosen for the solubilization, at an optimal Triton X-100/protein (w/w) ratio of 2.5. Acyl-CoAs were the major products synthesized by the solubillzed acyl-CoA elongase(s). The analysis of the reaction intermediates showed that the entire elongation complex has been solubilized and was still functional.


The aim of this work is to analyze the current state of the adaptation process, the Regional Authority of the Zlin Region and to propose possible solutions to the current situation so that the costs of adaptation of new employees have been issued and effective incorporation of employees took place in less time. In the theoretical section describes the importance of human resource management and individual personnel actions prior adaptation process. Then the mentioned adaptation of his newly recruited employees and put into the organization. The practical part is focused on analyzing the current process of adaptation in the Regional Authority of the Zlin Region, evaluation survey of the situation and proposal of adequate solutions. The conclusion is devoted to the evaluation of both parts of this work.


We have tested, in a prospective randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover, 12‐week study, the effects of 2 mg efaroxan, a potent alpha‐2 antagonist, given three times per day to 14 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Efaroxan did not induce any significant change on any motor assessment criteria. The present data do not confirm the assumption that the blockade of alpha‐2 receptors might be a useful pharmacologic strategy to improve patients with progressive supranuclear palsy.


China Pakistan Economic Corridor is a receptacle of territorial connectivity focusing on the significance of the geo strategic location of Pakistan. Pakistan and China have embarked on their best to implement the project to be triumphant in the concatenation of South Asia. The main bureaus that it encompasses are an integrated conveyance and I.T. network entailing Rail, Road, and data transmission channels, energy complicity, agrarian enhancement, social and economic progress, tourism alliance, financial and human resource integration. The corridor had some complications while implementation, but it has substantiated to be a game-changer program.This study assists in assessing the momentum amassed by Pakistan and China in South Asia while elaborating the beneficiaries of the CPEC and the potential threats faced by the political adversaries of Pakistan, especially India, on the triumphant facets bestowed by CPEC. The research will entangle the analysis of the short and long-term prospects of CPEC.


In the third paper in a series of papers on autism savants, detection of giftedness and the use of mental arithmetic as an intervention in autism and a practice of metal wellness, we describe the use of python scripts towards primality detection exercises, of both small primes and arbitrary sized numbers and several other exercises including sequence prediction, inspired by branch prediction architectures. Sequence prediction as a mental exercise, is used as infotainment and as a wellness exercise, and a possible intervention in ASD. Several prediction mechanisms inspired by data and prediction algorithms are described. Keywords: ASD, Autism Savants, Education For The Gifted, primality detection, data mining, basket of associations, sequences, branch prediction, plotting graphs.


Tantalum capacitors manufactured per military specifications are established reliability components and have less than 0.001% of failures per 1000 hours for grades D or S, thus positioning these parts among electronic components with the highest reliability characteristics. Still, failures of tantalum capacitors do happen and when it occurs it might have catastrophic consequences for the system. To reduce this risk, further development of a screening and qualification system with special attention to the possible deficiencies in the existing procedures is necessary. The purpose of this work is evaluation of the effect of surge current stress testing on reliability of the parts at both steady-state and multiple surge current stress conditions. In order to reveal possible degradation and precipitate more failures, various part types were tested and stressed in the range of voltage and temperature conditions exceeding the specified limits. A model to estimate the probability of post-surge current testing-screening failures and measures to improve the effectiveness of the screening process has been suggested.


AIM
The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of nursing staff concerning the implementation of the 'Releasing Time to Care - the Productive Ward' programme in a specialist cardiothoracic hospital.

BACKGROUND
The 'Releasing Time to Care - the Productive Ward' programme uses the 'lean' philosophy originally developed in the Japanese motor industry to improve the efficiency of hospital wards. Its aim is to increase the proportion of time that nurses are able to spend in direct patient care.

METHOD
This study used a descriptive qualitative method with a sample size of four nurses and two health-care support workers. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken using the procedure developed by Burnard.

RESULTS
Thematic content analysis identified five major themes: starting to implement the programme, anxiety and defensiveness, the importance of leadership and communication, challenges, and learning and personal development.

CONCLUSION
Overall, the programme had a positive impact on both the wards studied. Challenges that were identified included the need to sustain momentum once the initial enthusiasm had waned.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
This study highlighted the importance of key transformational leadership skills at ward manager level, such as the ability to inspire nurses to approach old problems in new ways, in the implementation of the 'Releasing Time to Care - the Productive Ward' programme.


The purpose of this research is to adopt public accounting professional standards in Malang and Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, in order to improve audit quality. A total of 150 junior and senior auditors, supervisors, managers, and partners from public accounting companies in Malang and Surabaya, Indonesia, were included in the sample. The study's findings revealed that the competency of the auditors performing audits on behalf of the customer had an impact on the audit quality. Recommendations for improving audit quality based on public accountants' professional standards should be maximized and implemented to public accountants' audits on the client side so that auditor quality improves and more assignments are completed.


The genetic diversity of 60 soybean germplasm resources in Hebei were analyzed by POD isozyme and RAPD molecular markers. The result showed that there were 12 bands of POD isozyme and 21 kinds of zymogram styles. The materials from ecological regions could be plotted out by this method. Total 58 RAPD bands obtained from 10 primers. Among them 29 were ploymorphic bands. The tested materials could be divided into 8 groups. RAPD marker indicated better results than POD isozyme for revealing genetic background and consanguinity. The cluster analysis of varieties and lines exhibited their relation to the geographic origin.


Economic effects of human beings have been always focused on how to obtain the best results b using the least possibilities and factors available, such tendency can be called "attainment of higher efficiency and productivity". Productivity is a comprehensive concept encompassing efficiency an increase in which is taken into account by politic and economic authorities continuously in order to promote standard of living of, welfare of, and relaxation and peace of people. Some consider survival and persistence of a politico-economic system dependent on productivity. One way to increase productivity is privatization and free trade. Present research focuses on effects of these 2 variables on each other. Subject of this research is to study effects of privatization on total productivity of production factors in in Mellat Bank and its aim is to analyze productivity after Mellat Bank was privatized in order for resulting outcomes to create clearer outlook and wider perspective in front of managers. Considering research aim and subject, this research used descriptive-analytical method. In present research, inputs and outputs of 48 Mellat Bank of Kermanshah province were studied in 2 time intervals: one related to pre-privatization time (2005-2007) and other to post-privatization time (2009-2011) of Mellat Bank. This research inputs include personnel, administrative, and operational costs while outputs include volumes of deposits, facilities, and services provided. Data was analyzed by using MalmQuist index and data coverage analysis with EMS and GAMS software. Then, hypotheses were tested by SPSS software. Research results indicate that, following privatization, total productivity index and human force productivity increased significantly and it was found that technological changes relate directly to the level of productivity so that enhanced technology level can increase productivity level. © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved ARTIC LE INF O Article h istory: Received: 7 March 2014; Received in revised form: 20 September 2014; Accepted: 18 October 2014;


Physical property data (natural gamma, gamma gamma iensity, normal resistivity, Induced Polarization (IP), Spontaneous Potential (SP), electromagnetic conductivity and magnetic susceptibility) were acquired from a PrOterOZOic sediment-hosted massive sulphide deposit ' Lear Sheep Creek in Central Montana, U.S.A. Both ?yritic and ore grade mineral intersections were :haracterized by strong electrical responses and an Lncrease in apparent density Gamma and magnetic susceptibility responses were unique to each sulphide Jccurrence. Results are presented from two case studies which demonstrate the applicability of using physical property measurements (borehole geophysical Logging) in this geologic environment.


Introduction Crystallization of organic materials for using non-linear optical devices is of greater importance. The extensive use of thiourea semi crystals in industries, modulators, electro optic and acoustic devices is due to its structural character. Lithium has the property of binding due to neutral paring. Also, the lithium water reaction is brisk and non-violent. Lithium when mixed with sulphate acts as a very good soluble material. Lithium sulphate is monoclinic in structure and possesses a moderate melting point. All these alkaline salts have a tendency to have an easy bonding, since it has one free electron in the outermost orbit. With this in view, it has been proposed to mix this lithium sulphate in concentration of 2M with 1:3 UTLS and grow mixed crystal using slow evaporation method and characterize them. To find its suitability as a better alternative to other NLO materials and for optoelectronics applications, the grown crystals were characterized by various techniques, such as Single and Powder XRD, FT-IR studies, UV Transmittance studies, TGA/DTA and SHG test analysis. These results are reported in this paper.


Load forecasting has always been an essential part of power system planning and operation. In recent decades, the competition of the market and the requirements of renewable integration lead more attention to probabilistic load forecasting methods, which can reflect forecasting uncertainties through prediction intervals and hence benefit decision-making activities in system operation. Moreover, with the development of smart grid and power metering techniques, power companies have collected enormous load data about electricity customers and substations. The abundant load data allow us to utilize medium voltage measurement data to achieve better accuracy in high voltage transmission substation load forecasting. In this paper, a bottom-up probabilistic forecasting method is proposed for high voltage transmission substation short-term load forecasting, in which the probability distributions of medium voltage day-ahead load forecasting values are estimated and added up to form high voltage load predictions. Two bottom-up frameworks based on load patterns collected from medium voltage outgoing lines and substations are proposed respectively, in which mismatches between load data at different levels are estimated for correcting high voltage predictions. The comparison of predictions obtained by traditional and bottom-up methods demonstrates that the proposed method obtains high voltage load forecasting more accurately and give narrower prediction intervals.


There are two methods to prove associated ship: direct identification or indirect identification. Regarding direct identification, we must explain to the court the independent status of legal person of the state-owned enterprise of our country, and the Chinese government only has administration to the state-owned enterprise, does not have the control in the commercial significance. Regarding indirect identification, we must desalinate the associated factors which claimant lodge and do exist and refutes associated factors which do not exist.


Background. Chronic kidney disease after organ transplantation is a serious complication that negatively impacts on long-term patient survival. We describe long-term renal function after intestinal transplantation by serial measurements of glomerular filtration rates (GFR) with 51Chromium EDTA clearance. Materials and Methods. Ten patients with at least 6 months survival form the basis of this report. Glomerular filtration rate measurements were performed at baseline, 3 months posttransplantation, and yearly thereafter. Median follow-up time for the cohort was 1.5 years (0.5–7.8 years). Tacrolimus (Prograf) was discontinued in four patients because of impaired renal function. These four patients were switched to sirolimus (Rapamune) at 11, 18, 24, and 40 months posttransplantation. Results. Median baseline GFR was 67 (22–114) mL/min/1.73 m2. In the adult patients, GFR 3 months posttransplantation had decreased to 50% of the baseline. At 1 year, median GFR in the adult patients was reduced by 72% (n=5). Two patients developed renal failure within the first year and required hemodialysis. One of the pediatric patients fully recovered her renal function, the second pediatric patient lost 20% of her baseline GFR at 6 months posttransplantation. Glomerular filtration rate calculated with the modified diet in renal disease formula consistently overestimated GFR by approximately 30% compared with measured GFR. Conclusion. Chronic kidney disease and renal failure are common after intestinal transplantation. These two factors significantly contribute to poor long-term survival rates. Measurements of GFR may help to identify those individuals at risk for developing chronic kidney disease to implement renal sparing strategies.


Third generation mobile networks aim to offer 'any service, anywhere, at any time'. Users require privacy within these systems in order to feel confident of their use. Privacy requirements (in mobile networks) are: content, location and identification privacy, and authentication. Differing from previous approaches to privacy, the network itself is considered to be an untrusted party. The paper proposes a scheme that allows the user to register with the network and remain anonymous (both location and identification). Digital mixes are used to create anonymity and authentication is achieved through a token based scheme. Finally the aspect of information leaking to authorised third parties is discussed and billing requirements are detailed which involve the use of 'coin' like tokens traded for services.


Abstract Introduction Meniere's disease (MD) remains a difficult disease to diagnose, especially in the early stages when not all of the symptoms may be present. Sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and recurrent vertigo constitute the hallmark symptoms of MD. Endolymphatic hydrops (EH) has been described as the responsible pathology in MD. Since that description, the medical and surgical treatment of MD have been directed at reducing the volume of endolymph. Unfortunately, these approaches have had equivocal success in the control of vertigo and recovery of hearing. So, a routine treatment directed at resolution of EH may not be suitable for all patients. Treatment has to be directed at the cause of EH whenever possible. Objectives The aim of this study was to define new findings in clinical tests and modes of treatment in MD, to determine the outcome of vertigo and hearing in patients after treatment, and to describe treatment which will prevent long term deterioration of hearing. Materials and Methods Forty-six new patients with a diagnosis of MD were treated with antiviral drugs or diuretics. Drugs were used based on nature of dehydration test. Hearing test including pure tone average (PTA) and speech discrimination (SD) was performed prior to treatment and at 1 to 2 months, 6 months, and 1 year after initiation of treatment. Effect on dizziness was recorded at each evaluation; hearing was judged to be improved, if PTA was lowered by at least 10 to 15 dB or an increase in SD > 20%. Results The antiviral approach has virtually eliminated the use of various surgical methods used in the past. Dehydration test-based treatment protocol with diuretics and antivirals and antimigraine prophylaxis when needed has led to remission of disease in 93.5% of patients. With prompt treatment, inner ear damage can be prevented. Conclusion Orally administered antiviral drugs should be considered in the treatment of MD. Migraine-associated MD patients need migraine prophylaxis and this will lead to improvement in Meniere's symptoms also. If Intratympanic therapy is considered, then targeted low-dose delivery method of using Gelfoam instillation of gentamicin is preferable according to our study to prevent any significant hearing loss.


With the development of automated driving technologies, human factors involved in automated driving are gaining increasing attention for a balanced implementation of the convenience brought by the technology and safety risk in commercial vehicle models. One influential human factor is mental workload. In the take-over request (TOR) from autonomous to manual driving at level 3 of International Society of Automotive Engineers' (SAE) Levels of Driving Automation, the time window for the driver to have full comprehension of the driving environment is extremely short, which means the driver is under high mental workload. To support the driver during a TOR, we propose an adaptive multi-modal interface model concerning mental workload. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of only part of the proposed model in a driving-simulator experiment as well as using the experimental data from a previous study.