The concept of the "neugestaltete gymnasiale Oberstufe" in Baden-Württe-nberg differs in some aspects from the regulations in other countries of the Federal Republic of Germany. For example, every pupil has to take German until the end of the school and either biology or physics or chemistry is to take in 4 terms. The number of subjects of the "Wahlbereich" is restricted. As a consequence, the field of possibilities in regard to a fixed fundament is not so Wide eis in other countries.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire-fighting equipment, specifically relates to a wireless signal receiving circuit of a firefighter can determine the position and orientation. An antenna, transistors, resistors, filters, and the microcontroller integrated receiver, the base of the first transistor and the second transistor stage respectively connected to the first and second antennas, the first transistor and the collector of the second transistor are connected filter; access output line of the third transistor to the first transistor and the first antenna path, the output lines of the fourth transistor and via a second access transistor to the second antenna, the third and fourth transistors the input lines are connected to the microcontroller, an integrated receiver filter is connected at one end, and the other end connected to the microcontroller; end of the fifth transistor connected with the microcontroller, the other end of the second resistor connected to the first and second resistors connected in parallel to the first access emitter transistor and the second transistor.


In recent years an indubitable progress has been made in the development of separators for powder fractionating. The development of new types of cascade separators significantly improves the quality of final fractionation products. Consumed material concentration in all types of cascade separators does not exceed, as a rule, two kilograms of solid phase per a cubic meter of air flow. Therefore, to attain high productivities, considerable investments are needed, because for this purpose several apparatuses operating in parallel or apparatuses of large overall sizes are required. Special researches have shown the possibility of increasing the solid phase consumed concentration in a cascade apparatus up to 6,25 кг/м3 using a special attachment without altering the separation efficiency. Ill. 4. Ref. 3.


The 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) requires mine operators to post reclamation bonds before mining begins. The Federal Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) has approved alternative bond systems in seven states. These systems, rather than requiring bond amounts at the full cost of reclamation, require operators to submit only a flat rate, acreage specific bond. Additional reclamation costs should be covered by a supplemental fund composed generally of permit fees, taxes, or penalties. In many cases, alternative bond systems fail to ensure that funds will be available to reclaim coal mined land in the event of operator default, as required by SMCRA. OSMRE needs to take a more active role in oversight of existing state alternative bond systems to ensure that reclamation occurs.


This study aims to develop an e-module based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) as a physics learning media and to test its feasibility. The study employed a research and development method (R & D). This research produces a digital learning media for the Physic topic of reflection of light and refraction of light, which can assist students in studying independently by following the syntax of CTL. The e-module combines video, audio, and interactive quiz features. The development process was conducted through the ADDIE model where the researcher evaluate every step in the development process. The e-module was developed according to the syntax of CTL. Validation of the e-module was conducted during the development steps. The validation results by the material expert gained a score of 85.09%, while the media expert gained a score of 82.14%. The e-module was implemented in a small group of nine students and gained a score of 84.71%. These scores mean that the e-module was considered feasible and very good.


Firstly, this paper use Regression Analysis Prediction Method to analysis surface water, underground water and sewage treatment, so that we can predict the water supply capacity of North China in the next 15 years. After that, we test the trusting degree of this model to ensure the facticity by identifying the statistical significance of each data. Secondly, we adopt analytic hierarchy process (AHP method) to gain the factors mostly affecting sewage treatment capacity is the Chemical Oxygen Demand and ammoniac nitrogen content in sewage. So we can take measures to increase the amount of water supply in the region. Finally, we adjust the charging standard of living water and together with logistic regression, which can improve the water-saving awareness of local residents so as to effectively reduce the water consumption in the future.


In the medium of anhydrous ethanol,the complexes of REL2L'·n H2O( RE: Nd3 +,Eu3 +,La3 +,Sc3 +; L: all-trans retinoic acid; L': L-valine acid) were synthesized at 60 ℃. The compositions of these complexes were tested by means of infrared spectra( IR),ultraviolet spectra( UV),elemental analysis and TG-DTA methods. Meanwhile,the antitumor activity against Hep G2,A549 and Hela in vitro growth cells was investigated by MTT test method. The results show that these four synthesized rare earth complexes inhibit the growth of Hep G2,A549 and Hela cells in different degrees. The inhibition rates of these complexes are significantly higher than that of rare earth nitrate and ligands. The interaction of REL2L' complex with DNA was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurement. The results show that the type of interaction is mainly intercalation, which results in the antitumor activity of these complexes. This investigation provides certain ideas and experimental basis for the design of efficient rare earth antitumor drugs with low toxicity.


Diagnosing D‐Dimer early is essential to optimize clinical treatment and quality of life and reduce mortality. This study aims to identify the difference of D‐Dimer levels (ng/ml) in patients with stroke within the 6‐ and 24‐h period compared to patients that mimic stroke.


We have proposed that the mechanisms of alloengraftment and variable acquired tolerance can be facilitated by minimum posttransplant immunosuppression. It was further suggested that the efficacy of minimalistic treatment could be enhanced by preoperative recipient conditioning with an antilymphoid antibody preparation. A total of 76 adults (38 hepatitis C virus [HCY]-, 38 HCY+) were infused with 30 mg alemtuzumab before primary cadaveric liver transplantation and maintained afterward on daily monotherapy unless breakthrough rejection mandated additional agents. In stable patients, the intervals between tacrolimus doses were lengthened ("spaced weaning") after approximately 4 months. Eighty-four contemporaneous_nonlymphoid-depleted liver recipients (58 HCY-, 26 HCY+) were treated with conventional postoperative im~unosuppression. The overall incidence of rejection was similar with the two strategies of immunosuppression. With follow-ups of 14 to 22 months, patient and primary graft survival in HCYcases are 97% and 90%, respectively, with alemtuzumab depletion plus minimal immunosuppression versus 71 % and 70%, respectively, under conventional immunosuppression. In HCY+ recipients, current patient and graft survival in the alemtuzumab-pretreated group are 71 % and 70% versus 65% and 54%, respectively, under conventional treatment. With both strategies of immunosuppression, the adverse effect of preexisting HCY on survival parameters and graft function already was significant at the I-year milestone, but its extent was not evident until the second year. With or without HCY, 62% of the 64 surviving lymphoid-depleted patients are on spaced immunosuppression, and four patients receive no immunosuppression. Lymphoid depletion with alemtuzumab and minimalistic maintenance immunosuppression is a practical strategy of liver transplantation in HCYrecipients but not HCY+ recipients.


A viola with electronically synthesized normal body modes provides a flexible means for getting correlation between the subjective observations of tone quality and the known physical characteristics responsible for producing the tone. The Q and the amplitudes of all the normal modes are easily adjustable. It is desirable to have the frequency of a few of the modes variable over a small range. The viola used is somewhat similar to the violins described by Max Mathews and is a development from the instrument demonstrated in 1972. Both laboratory studies and the subjective results of extensive playing in chamber music groups will be described. The instrument will be demonstrated with settings to produce tone qualities typical of several different types of violas.


Evaluation and determination of occupational and environmental exposure of lead in workplace air and human workers based dispersive ionic liquid solid phase micro extraction in battery manufacturing factories from Iran Somayeh Mirzaa,*and Azadeh Yahya Meymandib a Ph.D in Environment Chemistry and Management, Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural resources and Environment, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. bFaculty of Science, Department of chemistry, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran


The authenticity and detection of adulteration of meat and meat-related products are major issues in the food industry. A visible-near infrared spectroscopic method as a rapid and easy tool was used to differentiate between seven fresh meat samples and their corresponding frozen minced products of different species (ostrich, beef, buffalo, goat, mutton, camel and pork). A derivative treatment of reflectance spectra improved the classification of all meat species. All the investigated meat samples showed a nearly similar spectral pattern and absorption bands except for ostrich meat. Freezing treatment caused a pronounced increase in the percentage reflection (R%) of mutton and buffalo meat, a decrease in pork and a slight response in ostrich, goat and camel meat. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Double skin facade has applied to improve vulnerability of thermal performance of transparent envelop. Thermal performance effectiveness varies with components, so before applying, we need to assess thermal performance effectiveness properly. The purpose of this study is to assess thermal performance of double skin facade by artificial climate chamber test which can control indoor and outdoor condition we want.


The redistribution of Mn atoms in Ga1-xMnxAs layer during medium-temperature annealing, 250-450 oC, by Mn K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) recorded at ALBA facility, was studied. For this purpose Ga1-xMnxAs thin layer with x=0.01 was grown on AlAs buffer layer deposited on GaAs(100) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) followed by annealing. The examined layer was detached from the substrate using a "lift-off" procedure in order to eliminate elastic scattering in XAFS spectra. Fourier transform analysis of experimentally obtained EXAFS spectra allowed to propose a model which describes a redistribution/diffusion of Mn atoms in the host matrix. Theoretical XANES spectra, simulated using multiple scattering formalism (FEFF code) with the support of density functional theory (WIEN2k code), qualitatively describe the features observed in the experimental fine structure.


In recent years both Australian and international research efforts have been directed at the goal of introducing remote area power supply systems based on configurations of diesel powered generation equipment, photovoltaic cell arrays, wind generators, battery storage, and power conditioning. An overview of work carried out in Western Australia is given. Results are presented of an advanced hybrid system which utilizes a sine-wave power conditioner operating in synchronism with the diesel. The economic analysis included indicates that the new system is cost effective compared to the diesel-only option.<<ETX>>


A search for substances that are able to protect brain cells from the damaging effect of hypoxia remains one of the most relevant issues in modern neurobiology and medicine. Whether neurotrophic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in particular, can be used to treat neurological diseases is the subject of wide speculation in the literature now. However, how the expression of this protein in the brain neurons changes after systemic circulatory arrest in the postresuscitation period remains uncertain. Objective: to estimate the level of BDNF expression in the highly ischemia-sensitive neuronal population of cerebellar Purkinje cells and the value of BDNF in the resistance of neurons to ischemia-reperfusion. Materials and methods. In mature outbred male albino rats (n=11), the heart was stopped under ether anesthesia at 12 minutes via intrathoracic ligation of the vascular fascicle, followed by revivification. A control group included pseudo-operated animals (n=11). On days 7 after revivification, a morphometric analysis of Nissl-stained paraffin sections 5—6 μm thick was used to determine the total number of Purkinje cells per 1 mm of their layer length. The expression of BDNF protein in the Purkinje cells was immunohistochemically examined by an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase test using primary polyclonal antibodies against BDNF. The count of Purkinje cells with different immune responses to BDNF protein was calculated. The intensity of BDNF expression was estimated from the mean optical density. Results. 12-minute systemic circulatory arrest in the rats resulted in a 12.5% reduction in the number of Purkinje cells. The immunohistochemical examination revealed a lower numbers of BDNF– neurons in the resuscitated rats. In this case, the count of BDNF+ and BDNF++ neurons corresponded to their reference level. Consequently, only BDNF-negative neurons, i.e. those that failed to express BDNF protein, died. Analysis of the mean optical density indicated that the remaining neurons had a higher BDNF protein expression than those in the controls. The found facts suggest that this protein has a neuroprotective effect in the postresuscitation period. Conclusion. The capability for BDNF expression is an important factor that enhances neuronal resistance to death in the postresuscitation period. This offers promise for BDNF use to elaborate novel approaches to protecting the brain in ischemia-reperfusion.


a tew commltLee r el)01'18 and con' CUlTence In house amendme nts to He V01'll1 bills nll'C'ldy pllssed by the senltte, clo.~d !I hectic dn), this atternoon for lho uppel' body ot the Iowa ! legislature . 'rhe forenOon sessi on uf the sennto WaH devoted enlh'ely to debate OV2 1' admittance of new legislation In ll:~ form of iL budget 11\ w n nll bl'ought out cropplng8 of pOlitics thltt enlivened nn "Ieardy splt'l ted deba te o vcr the work bet(lI'e the special session . Nolhlng or tha I naturo Is In ))1'08' pect tomur,·ow to,' the Hc nllLe hut lhe house membol's nre a nt lcllla ting a t ight when they meel ngul n over the Bowmn n "e80Iu llon 1~~"8ed on Thu"8day a nd wh ich was In Lpf)lI'ele ll by 80me members 118 Ii crlllcism (B), A6~oclalccl Pr08ll' C III 'AOO, Jan , 4Mllk 1I"O(luco.,. In Ch!cngo area who havo gone On 8t r ll<0 by refualng to HtI))llly lor8'0 dls L,'lbtllOI'H bQcauJro tho denlo,'s will not pny the pl'lce t1emrlndod by the !nrmel'H, lonlght agreed 10 submlL lheir' case 10 u boal'(I of al'bllratlon composed or tho city health comml8o aloneI', s tale's nltoruey. chler Justice oC the mun lelplll COUl·t and rep' resentnllves ot Ihe Chloago A""ocla · tlon or commerce, city coun cil and high costs, committee ot the COUll. ell . The otte l' came a Cter Joseph flus h l<o w1c., Hecrellll 'y or lho high cost. committee, appeared (It tho Milk Pl'oducers Association headquarters


Confocal scanning microscopy is a measurement technique used to observe micrometer and sub-micrometer features due to its high resolution, nondestructive properties, and 3D surface profiling capabilities. The design, implementation, and performance test of a confocal scanning microscopy system are presented in this paper. A short-wavelength laser (405 ㎚) and an objective lens with a high numerical aperture (0.95) were used to achieve the desired high resolution, while the x-and y-axis scans were implemented using an acousto-optic deflector and galvanomirror, respectively. An objective lens with a piezo-actuator was used to scan the z-axis. A spatial resolution of less than 138 ㎚ was achieved, along with successful 3D surface reconstructions.


There were many answers, for electricity on the modern farm has a myriad of uses. But next to light itself, there was one answer that came first to the tongues of 9 out of 10 farmers " Water. Water for the barn. Water for the milkshed. Water for the cooling house. Running water." And to every farmer's wife there was always that same answer: " Water. Running water, piped through the house. Water that can be depended upon all the year around. Water which will flow at the touch of a faucet."


Bilayer, Si-containing resists are a technique of interest and a strong candidate to replace chemical vapor deposition (CVD) hardmask processes for small critical dimensions (CDs). Previously, we proposed a very thin film approach using bilayer resists for future lithography, defined the requirements for the resists, and demonstrated 55nm transferred patterns with high aspect ratios using 2-beam interferometer exposure. In this paper, we have demonstrated smaller-than- 60nm transferred patterns with a high numerical aperture (NA) scanner, as well as 45nm and 40nm transferred patterns with a 2-beam system using a 20% Si-containing thin bilayer resist. Immersion scanner exposure and a 35nm CD with 2- beam system were also studied.


Throughout human history, struggles over access and control of water resources have been a root cause of tension and armed conflict. In Middle Eastern scheming for power, water is viewed as a strategic resource, quickly becoming the dominant resource issue. As water shortages are acute and laden with emotive conflictual tones, this is exacerbated by the lack of a mechanism short of war or external governance for allocating the resource. A strategy based on economic efficiency gains will lead to improved equity and will reinforce any peace prospect. Some of the most conflictual issues may thus be settled through a rational and equitable foundation of incentives and institutions. An evaluation of the potential welfare gains under constrained conditions provides an assessment of economic incentive to be derived from an existential gap in multinational water basins.


Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are used for wide area measurement system (WAMS) applications. The accuracy of these applications depend on the measurement accuracy of PMUs. Synchrophasor measurement requirements for power systems are defined by IEEE standard C37.118.1. The measurement accuracy of PMUs is usually tested using signal generators or standard relay testing equipment and only changes in one parameter at the same time is studied. During power system disturbances PMUs have to measure current and voltage signal that have varying amplitude, phase angle and frequency. This could cause additional measurement errors that is not studied with usual testing methods. The purpose of this paper is to show how different PMU configurations affect the accuracy of PMUs during power system disturbances. Two PMUs from different manufactures are tested using modified IEEE 9 bus power system model that is simulated with Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS).


Lithostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of salt diapir sedimentary inclusions: 1 unraveling Ediacaran salt tectonics in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia 2 3 Kernen, Rachelle A.1* 4 firstname.lastname@example.com 5 (920) 740-5687 6 7 Lehrmann, Asmara, A.2 8 firstname.lastname@example.com 9 (210) 289-7824 10 11 Poe, Piper, L.3 12 email@example.com 13 (608) 228-4069 14 15 1500 West University Drive, The University of Texas at El Paso 16 El Paso, Texas 79968 17 18 2One Trinity Place, Trinity University 19 San Antonio, TX 78212, USA 20 21 3Pioneer Natural Resources 22 777 Hidden Ridge, Irving, TX 75038, USA 23 24 *Corresponding Author 25 26 27 28 29 Please note this is a non-peer reviewed pre-print submitted to EarthArXiv. 30 31 This manuscript is currently under peer-review through South Australia MESA Journal. 32 MESA Journal 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42


Abstract Advocacy and multicultural counseling researchers have helped establish competencies for working with today's diverse client populations. However, advocacy competencies may not fully account for the intersecting identities and unique concerns of LGBTQ+ individuals. Counselors working with LGBTQ+ client populations therefore need specific skills to address client intersectionality. The authors present the Intersectional Advocacy Counseling Framework (IACF) and discuss its application in counseling with LGBTQ+ clients and its use within counselor supervision.


Korean freshwater turtles are divided into native turtles, Chinemys reevesii in Geoemydidae, Pelodiscus sinensis in Trionychidae, and imported turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, T. s. scripta, Pseudemys rubriventris and Ocadia sinensis. In this study, we determined the distribution of Korean freshwater turtles based on a field study and literature study, and considered the taxonomic position of unidentified native turtles. The study was carried out between May 2010 and November 2011 during the day time, and the capturing tool used to collect turtles consisted of net and metal frame. C. reevesii and P. sinensis were found in 16 and 11 places, respectively. C. reevesii, which inhabits the Korean peninsula, is a taxonomically controversial species, but it is presumed that the turtle belongs to Mauremys. Moreover recent taxonomic studies of the soft-shell turtle have shown that the Korean native species is P. maackii, and P. sinensis was imported from abroad and has been in the natural habitats of Korea since 1970s. The exterior shape and skeletal form of P. maackii and P. sinensis are nearly similar. However, the skin color and yellow spots on the shell could be used to distinguish the two species.


Pranajiwa plant is a medicinal plant that grows wildly and is classified as a rare plant. Currently, its existence is increasingly threatened. Pranajiwa grows around Indonesia and is known with several scientific names and morphological features due to unclear identification. Molecular identification is recommended to clarify its species. DNA Barcoding is considered the suitable method to identify pranajiwa plant molecularly. The purpose of this study was to optimized the PCR annealing temperature of EhcSnOla locus barcoding marker of pranajiwa plants collected from the coastal (Jimbaran), urban (Renon), and mountain (Bedugul) areas, representing three different areas in Bali. Research procedures include total DNA extraction, PCR procedure, and electrophoresis. The primers used in this study were EhoScnOla forward primer and EhoscnOla reverse primer. Five different temperatures were used for annealing temperature optimization: 51°C, 52°C, 55°C, 57°C, and 60°C. The result showed that all temperatures produced a clear, thick, and single electrophoresis band, indicating that all temperatures were suitable for the annealing temperature and the most optimal temperature is in the Mountains sample (Bedugul) which is 60°C. The Jimbaran, Renon, and Bedugul samples produced 882, 820, and 889 bp, respectively. EhcSnOla locus can be used as the barcoding marker to identify pranajiwa molecularly.


We consider the perturbations of the three-state Potts conformal field theory introduced by Cardy as a description of the chiral three-state Potts model. By generalizing Zamolodchikov's counting argument and by explicit calculation we find new inhomogeneous conserved currents for this theory. We conjecture the existence of an infinite set of conserved currents of this form and discuss their relevance to the description of the chiral Potts models.


Stress and stress-related problems have negative human resource and financial implications for Universities of Technology (UoT) in terms of absenteeism, productivity, organizational effectiveness, employee morale and medical aid subsidies. For tertiary institutions, the impact of stressed academics on core business activities relating to students and examinations are far-reaching. The paper assessed the roots and causes of occupational stress amongst female academics in a UoT in South Africa. The paper adopted a qualitative research approach with a focus group of selected female academics in the UoT. The paper revealed that workload and performance management, as well as family life and personal life; teaching vs research and administration; Covid-19 and online teaching and learning; holidays and leave and lack of leave; meetings and support deficiency; resources and lack of care and empathy, as well as poor HR, bullying and imposition and a lack of professionalism; nepotism and favouritism; retrenchments and instability, along with poor recognition and appreciation, were the roots that contribute to occupational stress in the UoT in SA. The paper recommends that effective interventions be implemented by the UoT in order to manage the stress of these female academics, thereby reducing the negative impact thereof on themselves and the institution. University policy-makers should devise a variety of solutions in a well-balanced package that places responsibility on both the university and staff to manage occupational stress.


Early last month, the US and China declared a three-month truce in their trade conflict after a meeting between their respective leaders. But as the meeting was going on, Canadian authorities quietly arrested a senior executive from Chinese electronics firm Huawei at the request of the US, a move that triggered fierce protests from China. This messy end to 2018 ensured that the US-China trade spat will continue to make headlines in 2019. As C&EN went to press, trade negotiators from both sides were meeting in Beijing. The conflict began in March when the US, in an effort to convince China to change certain investment and intellectual property policies, threatened to impose a 25% import tax on $50 billion worth of Chinese goods. The US not only made good on the threat but also started collecting a 10% tax on an additional $200 billion worth of Chinese imports. China retaliated


This single-subject research design examined the influence of maternal breast milk odor on the frequency of high amplitude non-nutritive sucking of a preterm infant during gavage feeding. The participating infant sucked on the nipple of a suckometer connected to a computerized data collection system. Analysis of the data demonstrated that when the odor of maternal breast was present, the frequency of high amplitude non-nutritive sucking was greater than when no odor was present. During the last 3 days of the 14-day study, the preterm infant demonstrated an increase in the frequency of high amplitude non-nutritive sucking consistently during the time when the odor of the mother's breast milk was introduced for a 60-second period.


Active support from and involvement of business managers can lead to a more effective and sustainable workplace HIV/AIDS program. Supportive management can create a workplace environment that encourages HIV prevention and stigma reduction and act as role models for their workforce. Motivating management to respond to HIV/AIDS can be a special challenge when the workforce is made up primarily of migrant workers particularly in low-prevalence countries such as Vietnam (.22 percent in 2001). The Horizons Program in conjunction with the Labor Union of Ho Chi Minh City the Ho Chi Minh City AIDS Standing Bureau and the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Ho Chi Minh City National University and with additional support from the Ford Foundation is implementing an intervention study to assess the impact of a workplace-based program on a migrant construction worker population. The intervention focuses on management support for HIV prevention and peer education to promote HIV risk reduction within this population. This summary highlights findings about how managers can be motivated to support and participate in a workplace HIV/AIDS program as well as opinions of HIV/AIDS programs from the management perspective. The analysis is based on data from in-depth interviews with 12 managers six based at construction sites and six based at the headquarters of construction companies. (excerpt)


Objective – Resilience is one of the most relevant aspects of business today. Taking action for resilience requires new ideas that embrace uncertainty and consider adaptations for absorbing environmental pressures and responding to unidentified risks. The present study empirically explores the efforts of foreign subsidiaries in the United States.
Methodology – The analysis focuses on firms' activities across states. Parent company scale and performance, local market size, labor availability, and presence of other foreign firms are investigated in their power to discriminate between resilience activities and non-resilience actions.
Findings – The results show the relative significance of overall parent performance in determining a subsidiary's resilience at a particular subnational location.
Novelty – This study's focus on resilience activities and their determinants are unique. Original outcomes guide local actions for increasing business agility and inform multinational companies' executives about the importance of generating adequate business performance in preparation for disruption and supporting affiliates' resilience at their localities.
Type of Paper: Empirical
JEL Classification: F23; E66
Keywords: Resilience, Subnational Location; Foreign Subsidiary; a Multinational Company
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Wright, R. (2022). Subsidiary Activities: Parent Company and Local Predictors of Business Resilience, J. Bus. Econ. Review, 7(2), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2022.7.2(2)


In this paper, a statistical analysis of the diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation in the TEC longitudinal difference in midlatitudes of East Asia is presented using CODE GIMs data in 2015–2019. Moreover, the empirical neutral wind model HWM-14 and geomagnetic field model IGRF-2020 were employed to analyze the influence of geomagnetic configuration-neutral wind mechanism on the TEC longitudinal difference, and the F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2) data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) were also used to study the role of local electron density in the TEC longitudinal difference. For the high solar activity year, the results show that east-west TEC longitudinal difference index Re/w is negative in the noon and positive at evening-night. Moreover, the longitudinal difference of daytime TEC is most evident in summer, less in autumn and least in spring and winter, while the nighttime difference is most obvious in equinox, followed by summer and winter during nighttime. The model simulation shows that the TEC longitude difference around noon is mainly caused by the zonal wind-declination mechanism, and a 4-h time delay seems to be an optimal result for the vertical drift velocity to cause the longitudinal TEC difference during pre-noon hours. At night, the uplifting electron flux, which is a product of local electron density and vertical drift velocity, shows a good correlation with Re/w, indicating that the local electron density is also an important factor affecting the TEC longitudinal difference during the nighttime. Moreover, there was about a 3-h time delay between the TEC longitudinal variations and the uplifting electron flux at night. For the low solar activity years, the western TEC is greater than eastern TEC during most of the year except in the summer nighttime. The TEC diurnal variation in the east and west suggested that the nighttime Re/w should be related to other physical process, such as the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly (MSNA) in the east and the ionospheric nighttime enhancement (INE). The current study provides evidence for the longitudinal difference of NmF2 in East Asian midlatitudes and geomagnetic configuration-neutral wind mechanism proposed in previous studies and finds some new features which need further studying to improve our current understanding of ionospheric longitudinal difference in the low solar activity years. The results provide new insight into TEC longitudinal variations at midlatitudes, and they can contribute to understanding the ionosphere-thermosphere coupling system.


Through the knowledge sharing dynamic model analysis, this article thought the knowledge sharing existence knowledge seeks with the knowledge shifts two stages. In these two stages, the knowledge sharing main body both sides status is imbalanced, between the main body faces the difficulty also different, therefore the trust relations establishing based on the different foundation has had the different influence on knowledge sharing.


Recently, progress of intelligent materials has played a big role in the development of science and technology. We have tried to develop ferromagnetic shape memory alloys to expand application range of the nonmagnetic shape memory alloys, which are typical intelligent material. However, we have not yet obtained a sufficient result, because the magnetic property and the shape memory effect (SME) are in a relation of tradeoff. We have then tried to develop ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys as a composite material using the single-roll melt spinning technique. They are bilayer ribbons consisting of a shape memory layer (Fe-Mn-Cr-Si-B) and a magnetic layer (6.5 wt%Si-Fe-B). The developed bilayer ribbons showed fragile and quite low SME. In this paper, to improve the both shape memory and magnetic properties, effect of Si contents (from 3.5% to 6.5%) of Si-Fe/Fe-Mn-Cr-Si-B bilayer ribbon is investigated.


Abstract MONDAY, JULY 8th. MORNING SESSION 9 A. M. Address of Welcome. Dean A. R. Mann, New York State College of Agriculture. Response. President A. G. Philips. Business Session. Roll Call. Reading Minutes. Secretary and Treasurer Report. Reports Standing Committees. Resolutions. Presentation of Amendments. Appointment of Convention Committees. NATIONAL ORGANIZATION PROBLEMS. Prof. James E. Rice, Leader. Report Chicago Conference. Discussion. AFTERNOON SESSION 1.30 P. M. THE FIELD OF SERVICE OF OUR ASSOCIATION. Prof. Harry R. Lewis, Leader. Discussion. 2.30 P. M. WAR EMERGENCY PROBLEMS.
 (A) Practical Methods of Culling Poultry. Roy E. Jones, Leader. Discussion. (B) Restocking the Poultry Farms of Europe. Edward Brown, Leader. Discussion. 4.00 P. M. Visit to the Cornell Poultry Plant, Poultry Farm and the Cornell Game Farm. 6.00–7.30 P. M. Reception and Luncheon (no speeches) guests of the College of Agriculture; Home Economics Cafeteria. EVENING SESSION 8.00 P. M. (C) War Time Feeding Practices. Prof. J. C….


Spring maize hybrids with high starch(Zhengdan 19),high oil(Tongyou 1) and ordinary type(Jidan 209) were planted in the experimental field in Lishu County of Jilin Province(124°18′ E,43°21′ N) to investigate the relationship between IAA content changes and starch accumulation during grain-filling period.After pollinated,the ears were taken from plants every seven days,and then,contents of IAA,sucrose,glucose,fructose and starch in grain were determined.The results showed that IAA and starch contents in Zhengdan 19 were higher than those in Jidan 209 and Tongyou 1 in the early stage of grain-filling period.Furthermore,the change of starch was similar to IAA.It showed that high IAA promoted the synthesis of starch;glucose contents in Zhengdan 19 was higher in the early stage than those in Jidan 209 and Tongyou 1.Furthermore,the change of glucose was similar to IAA.It showed that high IAA promoted the synthesis of glucose or the activity of sucrase.


Preparation of timely maps for changing the qualitative parameters of ground waters is an important pace in the efficient management and exploitation of these resources. Adoption and precision of suitable zoning methods and also mapping of changes in properties of these resources depend upon situations and existence of data and information in the studying area. The current research was aimed to evaluate the geostatistics methods in preparation of map of qualitative characteristics, situation of groundwaters of Tehran-Karaj plain during 2006 to 2009, and zoning of them for drinking purposes. Thus, secret methods of geostatistics – simple, ordinary, separated, universal kriging and co-kriging (using supplementary variant) for the purpose of spatial estimation of the total variants of dissolved solids, electric conduct, nitrate's and sodium's ion were used. The results of the evaluation of Interpolation methods indicate relative advantage of co-kriging method and using a supplementary variant. Therefore, the Interpolation of variants was performed according to RMSE indicator. According to the results, the most density of the variants under the experiment was found in the eastern and the southern regions, which is extended to the north-west of the plain during 1997 to 2000 era. Afterwards, zoning of the plain was done according to drinking water standards, which was categorized into three levels of desirable, admissible, and undesirable, due to the variants. (Abstract)


Demographic and life history characteristics of the intertidal whelk Nucella lapillus were measured across a wave—exposure gradient to quantify the variation in, and identify the ecological forces shaping, each trait. Growth rates, survivorship, size and age at maturity, fecundity, and per—offspring parental investment were estimated from marked snails during a 3—yr period. Growth rates as indicated by changes in shell length, total mass, shell mass, and body mass varied among populations from different exposure regimes. Relative to more protected sites, snails from exposed shores grew more slowly and terminated growth at a smaller size. Age at maturity did not differ between whelks from high— and low—wave—energy populations, but those on the exposed shore matured at a smaller size. Mortality rates increased with wave energy. Size—specific mortality rates indicated that the higher mortality on wave—swept shores reflected decreased survivorship of large (@> 15 mm) adults relative to similar sized individuals on more protected shores. Exposed shore snails deposited twice as many egg capsules with twice as many hatchlings emerging from each capsule. Although the hatchlings were °25% smaller, four times as many were produced, suggesting that reproductive effort was considerably greater on exposed coasts, offsetting the higher mortality rates. The ecological forces (energetic, physiological, abiotic, etc.) potentially responsible for the life history variation among populations from different wave—exposure regimes are discussed.


We discuss scalar-tensor realizations of the Anamorphic cosmological scenario recently proposed by Ijjas and Steinhardt [1]. Through an analysis of the dynamics of cosmological perturbations we obtain constraints on the parameters of the model. We also study gravitational Parker particle production in the contracting Anamorphic phase and we compute the fraction between the energy density of created particles at the end of the phase and the background energy density. We find that, as in the case of inflation, a new mechanism is required to reheat the universe.


This study proposed a plan to improve the tax system in order to The Private Cooperative public housing and improve the quality of housing, and compared it to existing rental housing system which came into effect in 2014. Supply of The Private Cooperative public rental housing contributes to stabilizing the rental housing market and improving housing of the general public. However, the lack of overall promotion and awareness of rental housing suppliers can bring many problems. Overuse of the policy can lower the quality of rental housing and increase social costs and public debt. These problems are the result of result-oriented administration as opposed to long-term and sustainable policy. Now, it is inevitable to change rental policy as the focus of housing is changing from ownership to residence. First, the tax system must be amended. Second, complex regulations on exclusive areas must be eased to expand the beneficiaries of the policy. Third, it must become a business that can help old age. Lastly, although offering different types of rental housing is important The Private Cooperative public rental housing provides a comfortable private space to tenants that they can enjoy personal and social life. Providing the government policy, business operators, and local community cooperate for the system, The Private Cooperative public housing can benefit tenants, local economy, and stabilization of public housing.


To assess prostate cancer antigen‐3 (PCA3) and TMPRSS2‐ERG scores in patients with advanced and metastatic prostate cancer at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with triptorelin 22.5 mg, and analyse these scores in patient‐groups defined by different disease characteristics.


In this paper, reduces the absolute temperature of the LED module, results of the experiments have been derived a method to improve the suitability heat dissipation structure and properties are as follows. First, FR-4 PCB size in consideration of the PCB LED module air-hole 3mm radius of the LED module area 10%, 20%, 30% ratio after a process of simulation to generate the air-hole on the PCB and the surrounding, 30%, 50× 30mm intervals, when generating a fifty-two, applying the air-hole 3mm 10% of the radius of the area LED module obtained the results of temperature reduction than max. about 3.5°C and min. about 3.1°C. Second, LED array interval and to be suitable experimental structure through the PCB air-hole generation plate type heat-sink for LED module to support the air-hole radius 40mm size to create a two and six and four, as a result of the simulation in progress, when air-hole number pairs of the increase, max. and min. temperature was reduced to obtain a formal conclusion by about 1~1.5°C. the airhole 3mm 10% of the radius of the area applied LED module than max. about 4.5°C, min. about 4.2°C results was confirmed reduction. As a result, to the suitable of the heat dissipation even if the LED module PCB material no matter how good, if the heat sink is not well designed structural cannot obtain a large effect.


Based on response spectrum theory,the earthquake response of the storage tanks with seismic isolation is investigated.The tank is simplified as three-particle system model.The continuous liquid mass is lumped as convective mass,impulsive mass and rigid mass respectively,and the base isolation stiffness is introduced.In order to determine dynamic magnification factor,the dynamic behaviour and the earthquake response of the seismic isolation storage tanks are analyzed.The suitability of response spectrum method is proved,the results are compared with the time history method.A parametric study is also conducted to research the effects of important parameters of the system on the effectiveness of seismic isolation of the storage tanks.The various parameters considered are(1) the site classification,(2) the period of isolation and(3) the ratio of height to radius.It has found that the earthquake response of the storage tanks with the seismic isolation calculated by response spectrum method is in safe side;the base shear ratio of the seismic isolation tanks decreases with increase of the site classification and the period of isolation.Sloshing wave height ratio of the storage tanks has no significantly change.After isolation,hydrodynamic pressure exhibits linear change,increases with increase of the site classification and the ratio of height to radius,and decreases with increase of the period of isolation.The ratio of height to radius exists an optimum segment.In the range of optimum segment,the base shear ratio is larger,the isolating effectiveness is better.


Abstract

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrium and myometrium. Endometriosis is a relatively less common disease. Perianal endometriosis is a very rare entity. The lesion is usually localised in the episiotomy scars and uncommonly associated with cyclical pain. Here a case of perianal endometriosis in a 30 year old female patient having painful perianal swelling, who had a history of episiotomy is being reported. Clinically diagnosed as perianal abscess, the lesion was treated surgically by wide margin excision. Histopathological examination revealed presence of endometriotic tissue, composing of endometrial glands surrounded by endometrial stromal cells. Presence of endometrial stromal cells is confirmed by CD10 marker during IHC. Thus the histomorphological and IHC findings were consistent with the diagnosis of perianal endometriosis.

Keywords: Endometriosis, Perineum, Pain, Abscess, CD10.

Introduction

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrium and myometrium.[1] The most common anatomical sites of endometriosis are the ovaries, the uterosacral, broad, or round ligaments, the rectovaginal septum, cul-de-sac, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic organs. Endometriosis may occur rarely at the scar sites following operations in the lower abdominal wall on the uterus, fallopian tubes and episiotomy. Very rarely endometriosis can be seen in the perianal region (0.2% of ectopic endometriosis); mostly in the episiotomy scar.[1],[2]

Endometriosis can manifest with a spectrum of symptoms ranging from chronic pelvic pain to infertility; but has been known to be asymptomatic in a small proportion of cases.[1] Clinical picture of scar endometriosis is typically a swelling or a nodule seen, a few weeks to years after surgery. Examination of the lesion reveals tenderness and occasional bleeding. Perianal endometriosis can clinically mimic an abscess as a result of the p


The state has as one of its functions to raise funds to return them to society through the provision of services. The aim of this paper is to analyze the transparency of the actions of public health management in Sao Luis (Maranhao) through the analysis of their homepages, after the Federal Law no. 12,527 / 2011 -  Public Information Access Law. Based on the search results, there was failure on the clear disclosure of information and compliance with the legal requirements for access to public information, in order to compromise transparency and public spending oversight.


Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was introduced in AD 6 ~ 7 C in Korea, was developed, loved a series of Korean food cultures, especially "Ssam" which means cooked rice with vegetable and meat. It was produced and consumed all year round as a source of important vegetable. It is produced 241,323 ton at 8,088 ha in 2004 year, increased annually both production and consumption, also have a blight possibility of export to abroad. Trend of Korea lettuce production have 84% of leaf lettuce, next to crisp head lettuce is 15% and romaine or others is 1%. Knowing the current research and development of lettuce, we investigated 398 papers of journal and report which was published in Korea. The breeding and seed production research parts is 5.2%, cultivation and physiology is 62.9%, tissue culture and transgenic plants is 4.7%, post harvest and content of components parts is 10.3%, pest parts is 11.7%, and management and others is 5.2%. Mainly, the trend of lettuce research until now was biased at cultivation and physiology parts. The breeding and seed production, tissue culture and trasngenic plants, post harvest and content of components research parts were insufficient as a result of research activities. So we can considered that the prospect of future research of lettuce will be more concentrated on the insufficient parts like as; genetic and breeding, using biotechnology, post harvest and processing research parts.


Despite these niggles, it's no surprise that Dragunoiu's text has won the International Vladimir Nabokov Society's 2022 Brian Boyd Prize for Best Second Book on Nabokov. Her monograph's meta-argument that Nabokov's texts are arenas where heteronomous feelings duel with autonomous thinking not only breathes new life into Nabokov's championing of the values of curiosity, tenderness, kindness and ecstasy but, echoing Richard Rorty's wonderful analysis in Contingency, Irony, Solidarity (Cambridge, 1989), demonstrates just how fertile philosophical interpretation of Nabokov's oeuvre can be.


Adaptive mesh generation has become a valuable tool for the improvements of accuracy and efficiency of numerical solutions over fixed number of meshes. This paper gives an interpretation of the concept of equidistribution for singularly perturbed problems to obtain higher-order accuracy. We have used the post-processing Richardson extrapolation technique to improve the accuracy of the parameter uniform computed solution, obtained on a mesh which is adaptively generated by equidistributing a monitor function. Numerical examples demonstrate the high quality behavior of the computed solution.


In this paper, new test methods for identification of low-temperature failure of asphalt are proposed. Low-temperature failure occurs when the stresses induced by restrained thermal shrinkage during cooling periods exceeds the tensile strength at the respective temperature. In order to specify test methods describing both (i) these in-service conditions offlexible pavements and (ii) the underlying thermorheological behavior of asphalt, the four tests characterized by different thermal and mechanical loading are required:
1. The Tensile-Stress-Restrained-Specimen Test (TSRST) is used to simulate the inservice conditions of asphalt by restraining the deformation, while the temperature isreduced by a pre-specified cooling rate;
2. The Uniaxial-Tensile-Strength Test (UTST) provides insight into the material resistance (tensile strength) at selected temperatures;
3. The Thermal-Shrinkage Test (TST) is used to specify the loading during cooling by determining the thermal shrinkage coefficient as a function of temperature; and,finally,
4. Creep/Relaxation Tests (CTs/RTs) for identification of the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt at different temperatures.
In fact, the combination of all four tests is required to fully characterize the low-temperaturebehavior of asphalt when subjected to thermal and mechanical (tensile) loading. Based on theobtained experimental results, key material parameters for ranking asphalts with regard to their low-temperature performance are critically reviewed. Moreover, the different test resultsprovide important insight for the development of material models for analysis-based prediction tools and enable the formulation of optimization parameters of low temperaturecharacteristics for mix design.


Aim. The research of anti-inflammatory activity of 2-(5-((theophylline-7'-yl)methyl)-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acetic acid's salts has been conducted on the «formalin-induced edema of the rats'extremities» model of acute inflammation.Methods and results. Inflammatory reaction has been modeled using 2,0% aqueous formalin solution. Diclofenac sodium has been used as a reference drug. The research results have been processed by modern statistical methods of analysis. As the research results show, the most active are 2-(5-((theophylline-7'-yl)methyl)-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acetic acid and it's diethyletanolammonium salt. Conclusion. Among studied substances the piperidine 2-(5-((theophylline-7'-yl)methyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acetateshould also be noted, as it shows high anti-inflammatory activity.


In this study, an innovative MODIS fractional snow cover (SCF) data assimilation (DA) prototype framework that invokes machine learning (ML) techniques and Common land model (CoLM) is proposed to improve the estimation of the snow depth (SD) and the SCF. To validate our new framework, we analyzed two snow seasons from 2013 to 2015 at 46 stations in Northern Xinjiang in China. We developed 12 SCF DA schemes that represent different DA methods (direct insertion (DI) and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF)), observational data (original data and gap‐filled MODIS SCF data), and observation operators (five new snow depletion curves (SDCs) defined using traditional multivariate nonlinear regression and four ML methods). While improving the frequency of the SCF observations in the DI‐based DA scheme only resulted in a marginal improvement in the snow estimates, by adding new SDCs fitted by ML techniques (e.g., deep belief network), and the gap‐filled MODIS SCF data to the EnKF‐based DA scheme, we were able to reduce model structural uncertainties of CoLM and achieve marked improvement in the accuracy of the snow estimates (RMSE = 5.92 cm, mean bias error = −1.94 cm, and average degree of improvement = 32.18% for SD estimates and RMSE = 15. 79%, mean bias error = −1.21%, and average degree of improvement = 47.95% for SCF estimates). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of improving snow estimates by combining the ML techniques with physically based snowpack model in a SCF DA framework.


I attack from both fronts: I bring ideas from differential geometry and finite-element analysis to model geometric problems more intuitively and more robustly. Meanwhile, I pursue user interfaces to reduce human effort and increase creative or scientific exploration of geometric data. To elaborate on these recurring themes, allow me to share four parallel and complementary branches of investigation.


This study investigated managerial deficiencies and teachers' job accomplishment in public primary schools. It is a correlational survey of ex-post facto design. The population involves fifteen thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven (15, 867) head teachers and teachers of primary schools in Delta state, that is 1,113 and 14,754 head teachers and teachers respectively. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 1,586 respondents, representing 10% of the entire population. Self-structured questionnaire titled Managerial Deficiencies and Teachers Job Accomplishment Questionnaire (MDTJAQ) was used to solicit information from respondents. Instrument was validated through face/content validity and thereafter subjected to split-halves reliability using 30 respondents not used for the core study. A coefficient of .76 was obtained showing a high reliability co-efficient. Data obtained was analysed using mean rating and standard deviation to answer research questions with benchmark of 2.50 while hypothesis was tested using Pearson r at .05 level of significance. Finding shows that managerial deficiencies was significantly related to teachers' job accomplishment. Arising from the findings it was recommended among others that State Universal Primary Education Board should enlighten government on the role of primary school and the need to invest money on primary education for optimum result.


For an immersed Lagrange submanifold W c T*X, one can define a nonnegative integer topologic invariant m(W) such that the image of H1 (W; Z) under the Maslov class is equal to m(W) * Z. In this paper, the value of m(W) is calculated for the case of a two-dimensional oriented manifold X with the universal cover homeomorphic to R2 and an embedded Lagrange torus W. It is proved that if X = T2 and W is homologic to the zero section, then m(W) = 0. In all the other cases m(W) = 2. The last result is true also for a wide class of oriented properly embedded Lagrange surfaces in T*R .The proof is based on the Gromov's theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves. Some applications to the hamiltonian mechanics are mentioned.


A study was conducted in Hawzen (Koraro) to evaluate the nutritive potential, digestibility and tannin content of Acacia tree species. Leaf samples were collected during wet season. Conventional chemical analysis procedures in vitro organic matter digestibility were used to determine the nutritional and anti-nutritional content of the Acacia species. A wide variability in chemical composition, digestibility and tannin content was recorded. Crude protein content ranged from 11.64 % to 21.38 %. The content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin ranged from 26.46 % to 47.59 %, 21.63% to 43.26% and 2.53 % to 6.06 % respectively and was significantly (p<0.001) different among the species. In vitro organic matter digestibility was highest (70.88 %) in Acacia coli while the lowest (62.59%) in Acacia glaucocaesia. The values reported for tannin content were ranged from 7.90 g/Kg in Acacia pychantha to 42.25 g/Kg in Acacia saligna local. The ranking order of the acacia species on the basis of their crude protein content was A. saligna local (Tigray) > A. glaucocaesia > A. tumida > A. pychantha > A. victoriae > A. coli. The results have shown that the CP content of Acacia species was sufficiently high to warrant consideration of their use as protein supplement to low quality diets. The potential nutritive value of the Acacia species was comparable to other browses and that the species had high digestibility. However, more work especially on animal responses, is needed to affirm the nutritional characteristics reported in this study.


Ismail, the son of Ibrahim and grandson of Muhammad Ali, seemed to both European and Egyptians a promising ruler. The early years of Ismail`s rule were a boom period in Egypt. The American Civil War was preventing Southern cotton from reaching England`s textile mills. By 1863 all Egyptian cotton was being sold to Europe at inflated prices. The country`s economy was thriving. Bankers and other moneylender flocked around Ismail, luring him into various public and private investments. He began to modernize Egypt by the construction of factories, irrigation works, and public buildings. Many cultural institutions began during his reign. He also established the system of provincial and local administration and convoked the first representative assembly in 1866. He changed all of the Egyptian society. However Egypt`s foreign debt skyrocketed. Once the American Civil War ended and Southern cotton again became available, Egypt`s cotton boom ceased, tax revenues fell, and terms demanded by foreign lenders became stricter. In 1875 he sold his government`s shares in the Suez Canal Company to Britain for 4 million pounds (approximately $20 million), a fateful step toward British control. He allowed Britain and France to set up their Dual Financial Control over Egyptian state revenues and expenditures. All this control was intended to restore the credit of the Egyptian government. In 1878, Ismail surrendered much of his authority to Britain and France. In June European envoys in Istanbul called on Sultan Abdulhamid II to dismiss Ismail in favor of his eldest son, Tawfiq. Ismail left Egypt and lived out his years in Istanbul. A willful and visionary man`s achievements changed the Egyptian society deeply. However, it were eclipsed by his fiscal mismanagement, which led to Egypt`s subjection to Britain. His attempt caused the pain in the Egyptian Society.


According to different signal of sensors,intelligent car controls its azimuth and speed following certain rules,can realize autonomous navigation. Successful obstacles avoidance is one of the key question to enhance the independent ability of intelligent car in unstructured environment. For the purpose of autonomous obstacle avoidance,presents an algorithm based on multi-ultrasonic wave sensor for information processing,this algorithm through metrical datas of multi-ultrasonic wave sensor,according to processing result,determine safety zone of the car movement space area. Experimental results show that the security zones obtained by this method is reliable,and it is able to provide effective information for obstacles avoidance.


The purpose of this study is to analyze 213 players who participate in the 50th Presidential Men"s and Women"s National Soft Tennis Championship Tournament by using the available sampling methods and extracting sample to examine the effect of self-management of middle and high school tennis players. As for data processing, frequence analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis were carried out using SPSS 19.0 Program and conclusion was drawn as follow; First, the result which examined the effect of self-management on self-confidence has found that mental management and body care have the effect on coach leadership, interpersonal management, body care, mental management, and training management have the effect on physical and mental preparation, and body care and interpersonal management have the effect on social approval. Second, the result which examined the effect of self-management on athletic satisfaction has found that interpersonal management has the effect on environment satisfaction, body care has the effect on athletic life satisfaction, and body care and mental management have the effect social approval.


Lundestad has pointed to significant weaknesses in the historiography of US foreign policy during the early years of the cold war.1 The methodological sins of moralism, presentism, exceptionalism, and provincialism, he argues, detract from the value of almost all writing in the field. This article makes a similar point about the historiography of the nuclear test-ban negotiations between 1958 and 1963. 2 It argues that US policies remained unchanged, as they were rooted in two facts that remained constant. First, the world-view of all US decisionmakers dictated that only a minimum of uncertainty was to be tolerated in matters concerning national security, especially US nuclear weapons superiority. Second, the technology for detecting underground nuclear tests made the inspection of them an uncertain business. As a result, a comprehensive test-ban treaty, to be acceptable to US decision-makers, had to include provisions for a degree of on-site inspection to which the Soviets would never agree. According to Robert Lovett, 'whatever the Russians may have said, they will not agree to what we consider adequate inspection.'3 The corollary to this claim is that exterior facts seminal events, domestic political pressure, and bureaucratic manoeuvring had a negligible impact on US policy. That most historical analysis invests these facts with significant explanatory power, seems, therefore, to be traceable to a subtle form of moralizing. Historians assume that the achievement of a comprehensive nuclear test-ban treaty in itself was a main goal of US policy -


According to complex foundations including channeling and Karat caves in a Karst region,a new method for calculating the bearing capacity of a super-long pile was presented.First,a calculation model of pile lateral friction in Karst stratum was established.Second,energy balance equations of a super-long pile in non-Karst stratum and Karst stratum were deduced,respectively.Based on it,a displacement formula and axial force formula of the pile unit were determined.Third,the pile incremental potential energy formula was derived from the principle of minimum potential energy,with the golden section method as program convergence algorithm.At last,taking an engineering pile in the Zishui Bridge foundation as an example,the bearing capacity was calculated using the method proposed in this paper.Calculation results show that this method is reasonable and practicable,and can provide a scientific reference for research and design in actual projects.


The optical and electrical characteristics of plasma display panel(PDP) using the vacuum in-line sealing technology compared with the conventional sealing process in this research. This PDP consisted of MgO protecting layer by e-beam evaporation and battier rib, transparent dielectric layer, dielectric layer, and electrodes by screen printer and then sealed off on Ne-Xe(4 %) 400 Torr and 430。C. The brightness and luminous efficiency were good as the base vacuum level was higher, and it was to check the advantage of high vacuum level sealing, one of the strong points of the vacuum in-line sealing process. However, the brightness and luminous efficiency was dropped sharply because of a crack on MgO protecting layer by the difference of the expansion and contraction stress on high temperature in the vacuum states between MgO and substrate. Fortunately, the crack was prevented by MgO was deposited on higher temperature than 300。C. Finally, the PDP, was fabricated by the vacuum in-line sealing process, resulted the lower brightness than processing only the thermal annealing treatment in the vacuum chamber, but the luminous efficiency was increased by the reducing power consumption with the decreasing luminous current. The vacuum in-line sealing technology was not to need the additional thermal annealing process and could reduce the fabrication process and bring the excellent optical and electrical properties without the crack of MgO protecting layer than the conventional sealing process.


The coverage problem is a fundamental and important issue with regard to wireless sensor networks. To reduce the number of sensor nodes, mobile nodes can be used to mitigate the sweep coverage problem. In this paper, a sweep coverage mechanism is proposed to keep the patrol times of mobile nodes approximate to one another. In simulation, various moving speeds and waiting times of mobile nodes are considered. Simulation results attest to the feasibility of the proposed method.


A 62-year-old diabetic patient came to the outpatient department due to increasing tiredness in the past few months. On examination, his distal half of fingernails revealed pinkish red transverse band which is sharply demarcated by a dull white band proximally, consistent with half and half nail. Further evaluation showed evidence of chronic kidney disease due to long standing poorly controlled diabetes. Although half and half nail is seen in many conditions, it is relatively a specific clinical marker of end stage kidney disease and hence serves as an important diagnostic clue.


Hitherto the spin of the projectile has been measured with the help of spin loop method (for magnetised projectiles) and Multishot Ballistic Synchro method (for magnetised and non-magnetised projectiles). This paper discusses the method of measurement of spinwith a single ballistic synchro picture; the advantage of this method is that it dispenses with elaborate and precise optical alignment, required for Multishot Ballistic Synchro method.


quinones3) which are in defect of mitosene's ring A retain antibacterial activity. From the viewpoint of the activity and molecular shapes of mitomycin analogues, it is of interest to have informations about the antibacterial and antitumor activity of indolo quinones such as 2-methylpiperazino[1,2-a]in dole-6,9-diones(III). In this report we wish to describe the synthesis of these compounds (IIIa-d) and their biological activities. 2-Carbethoxy-5-methoxyindole(IV) which was prepared from p-nitro-m-cresol via three steps4) was used as a starting material. The indole ester (IV) was alkylated in good yield with ethyl bromoacetate and sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran to give N-carbethoxymethylindole ester(V).


Endophytes are microorganisms that reside asymptomatically in the tissues of higher plants and reported to be promising
source of bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds discovery is a multidisciplinary endeavor that includes the search for new pharmaceuticals from various sources. Endophytes secrete structurally diversified bioactive compounds as secondary metabolite via fermentation process and can be inexhaustible and sustainable resource. Perusal of studies reported so far envisioned that endophytes forms ware house of biologically active compounds. Modern technologies have opened new avenue on endophytic research for highly sustainable and economically feasible novel natural products which are presumed to push forward the frontiers of drug discovery. The present review has compiled reports of diverse class of valuable secondary metabolites produced by endophytes of pharmaceutical importance.


Palladium(II) acetate reacts with 1 equiv of 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane (9S3) at room temperature to produce the neutral complex [Pd(9S3)(OAc)2] (1; OAc– = CH3COO–) as an analytically pure yellow solid, which has been characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of 1 shows the first example of an exodentate third sulfur of the 9S3 ligand in a Pd(II) complex. Complex 1 reacts with nitromethane at room temperature in methanol to produce [Pd(9S3)(CH2NO2)2] (2) and acetic acid, as confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, complex 2 has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Its crystal structure is the first example of any transition-metal complex containing two nitromethanate (anionic nitromethane) ligands. The complex shows the more typical elongated-square-pyramidal structure and [S2C2 + S1] coordination with one long Pd–S axial interaction at 2.823(2) A and two C-bound nitromethanate ligands. Interestingly, each nitromethanate ligand is in a different coordination environment and varies in their trans-directing abilities. Reactivity studies suggest that the complexation behavior of the 9S3 ligand and the Pd(II) center as well as the σ-donor ability of the leaving group play key roles in the C–H activation of the nitromethane. Two related metal complexes, [Pd(dppe)(OAc)2] (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) and [Pd(9S3)(CF3COO)2], were synthesized, but neither of these react in a similar fashion to form a nitromethanate complex. Also, the reaction of 1 with nitrobenzene and nitrocyclopentane was studied, but these nitro-organics do not undergo C–H bond activation like nitromethane.


Frederic Henry's return to the front with only "partial articulation" of his wounded leg comments indirectly on his reticence and failings as narrator, and constitutes but one of a multitude of puns which appear in A Farewell to Arms. For the most part, Frederic remains unaware of these puns, but Hemingway plays with language for the serious purpose of calling into question Frederic's integrity not only as a narrator but also as Catherine's companion. Frederic suppresses as much as he reveals, but the wordplay in A Farewell to Arms reveals even more than Frederic attempts to suppress.


Let (X,G) be a minimal equicontinuous dynamical system, where X is a compact metric space and G some topological group acting on X . Under very mild assumptions, we show that the class of regular almost automorphic extensions of (X,G) contains examples of tame but non‐null systems as well as non‐tame ones. To do that, we first study the representation of almost automorphic systems by means of semicocycles for general groups. Based on this representation, we obtain examples of the above kind in well‐studied families of group actions. These include Toeplitz flows over G ‐odometers where G is countable and residually finite as well as symbolic extensions of irrational rotations.


A chemical synthetic method of a lithium ion battery comprises the following step: charging with constant current to 20%-60% of reversible capacity of the lithium ion battery; allowing standing for 4-25 h; charging with constant current and constant voltage to cut-off voltage of the lithium ion battery reaching 3.8-4.1 volt and cut-off current of the lithium ion battery reaching 0.01 C. The above chemical synthetic method of the lithium ion battery can effectively improve cycle performance of the lithium ion battery with high energy density.


Choosing a title for this paper five months before it was to be given was something of a problem. Knowing I had the broad field of library applications of data processing to discuss added to the number of possibilities. "Testa-ment," however, seemed too final; "confessions" seemed too lurid finally I settled on "view." However, one's view may change, depending on the viewpoint , and, in fact, I will offer not a single view but three. First I will discuss the rather expansive experimental days of the MARC Project, then the problems of getting an actual daily production job on the road, and finally, in a different vein, I will present some ideas on possible future systems. Since all three are really personal views, I should explain that the speaker is an old reference librarian, with considerable background in circulation. He knows the catalog fairly well, but as a consumer rather than a producer. He has no personal experience in library acquisitions work, although he has managed to acquire a rather large personal collection. Like most librarians, he is more a practitioner than a theoretician. His machine background came late, via circulation and punched cards; he got his start with computers at the University of Illinois not quite five years ago from Kern Dickman and Hillis Griffin. His first actual computer job was to prepare the initial systems design and programs for the Widener Library shelfist series (the early volumes, all in upper case).


Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of acute diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin is one of the therapies for DKA, which can reduce potassium levels by shifting potassium from extracellular to intracellular. Consequently, early administration of potassium is important in the resolution of DKA. Objective: To determine the correlation between potassium administration and resolution in patients with DKA and the factors affecting such resolution. Methods: An observational study was employed with a retrospective cohort design for inpatients with a diagnosis of DKA during the period of January 2015-August 2020 at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Appraisal of the resolution of DKA variable was based on the achievement of blood glucose targets, followed by 2 criteria of serum bicarbonate, pH, and anion gap during 24 hours of therapy. This study involved 55 patients divided into groups with potassium administration and without potassium administration. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The resolution of DKA achieved in less than equal to 24 hours in the group with potassium was 48.5% (16 patients) while it was 18.2% (4 patients) without potassium. Based on the chi-square analysis, there was a relationship between potassium administration and the resolution of DKA (p=0.045; RR=2.667; 95%CI=1.028-6.920). The multivariate analysis showed that the severity and history of DM were positively related to the resolution of DKA (p=0.025; OR: 8.901; 95%CI=1.318-60.123 and p=0.017; OR: 0.090; 95%CI=0.012-0.652). Conclusion: Potassium administration resulted in 48.5% of the DKA patients achieving a resolution in less than equal to 24 hours from the commencement of DKA therapy. The severity and history of DM became the factors that affected the resolution of DKA. Keywords: diabetic ketoacidosis, potassium, resolution


Ionospheric plasma drift data in Hainan during the period of from Mar 2002 to Mar 2004 are analyzed to investigate the low-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics. Results show that variation of daytime vertical drift is regular and independent on season, generally the vertical plasma drift is about 0~20m/s and dependent on season, nighttime vertical plasma drift is usually downward and its variation is very complicated, which varies with season; Horizontal plasma drift is about 50~100m/s and at sunset and sun...


A practical introduction to signal processing in scientific measurement, for scientists, engineers, researchers, instructors, and students working in academia, industry, environmental, medical, engineering, earth science, space, military, financial, and agriculture. Includes such topics as smoothing, differentiation, peak detection, integration and peak area measurements, harmonic analysis, convolution and deconvolution, Fourier filtering, least-squares curve fitting, multi-component spectroscopy, nonlinear iterative least-squares peak fitting. Provides many demonstrations and real data examples, plus download links to many free Matlab/Octave scripts and functions plus spreadsheet templates which has been widely used and have been cited in over 160 published papers, theses, and patents. Includes an appendix containing case studies, examples, and simulations, plus an alphabetical index.


The development trend and situation of automobiles in recent years in China and the world,the requirements of modern automobile development to used materials and energy-saving and emission reduction in automobile lightweight,the challenge to development and application of advanced high strength steels were introduced.It was pointed out that the development and application of advanced high-strength steels for automobile lightweight not only brings about significant emission reduction and energy-saving,but also has advantages of improved safety as well as recycling and reutilization.To develop a complete set of technology for production,application and services of advanced high strength steels through the study of the forming control technology has been the key subject needed to be focused in the future.


Student characteristics can provide important information for universities development. However, it is not easy to analyze or make interpretation related to student's characteristic, because we have to deal with qualitative observation and large data set. This article recommends a new technique for Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) that is appropriate when the data is big. We propose Burt matrix that makes the calculation process simpler and take less time. The new technique will be applied to questionnaire data on the features of students at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), which is collected by The Students Loop (TSL) Company in 2017.


By extending recent proposals for choosing the phases in resonating-valence-bond ground states to the case of excited states, we show for these wave functions that the hole excitations are charged, spinless fermions and the spin excitations are neutral, spin-(1/2 bosons. We also show that for a system with periodic boundary conditions, all states are at least fourfold degenerate.


This study examined the attitudes and experiences of New Brunswick parents regarding sexual health education (SHE) at school and at home. Over 4200 parents with children in grades K-8 in 30 New Brunswick schools completed surveys. Ninety-four percent of parents agreed that SHE should be provided in school and 95% felt that it should be a shared responsibility between school and home. Almost all parents felt that SHE should begin in elementary (65%) or middle school (32%), although there was not consensus on what grade level various topics should be introduced. The majority of parents supported the inclusion of a broad range of sexual health topics at some point in the curriculum, including topics often considered controversial such as homosexuality and masturbation. Although parents indicated that they wish to be involved in their child's SHE, most of them had not discussed any of a range of SHE topics in a lot of detail with their child. Parents also indicated that they want more information from schools about the SHE curriculum, about sexuality in general, and about communication strategies to assist them in providing education at home.


Based on the analysis of the current training status of educational technology ability of normal students,taking the course of Modern Educational Technology as an example,this paper discusses the experimental teaching reforms of the development of the educational technology ability of normal students in cloud environment from the aspects of teaching hours,course contents,teaching models and valuation models,in order to provide practical experience for the reforms of other relevant courses.


The relative importance of three different influences of independent-particle shell structure on the nucleon transport process during heavy-ion collisions are discussed. Results of calculations 86 197 for the 620-MeV Kr + Au system are presented.


Immunotherapy has improved survival for many cancer patients, especially for immunogenic malignancies such as lung cancer. However, even in lung cancer, the response rate for anti-PD1 therapy (for example) does not exceed 20%. Thus, it is critical to identify mechanisms that block the response to immune checkpoint therapies. STK11 (also known as LKB1) is encoded by the serine threonine kinase 11 gene (STK11). Patients harboring tumors with STK11 mutations have reduced infiltrates of cytotoxic T-cells and clinical studies have shown that they respond poorly to anti-PD1 or anti-PDL-1 therapies regardless of PDL-1 status, which otherwise predicts benefit. Herein, we have used gene expression data from a cohort of 442 lung adenocarcinoma patients to identify CX3CL1 (fractalkine) as a gene silenced in STK11 mutant tumors with potential to be a key direct modulator of the immune system relevant to STK11 loss. To further explore this hypothesis, we have edited the STK11 gene in A549 cells back to wild type (STK11 corrected). As predicted, restoration of STK11 function resulted in modest expression of CX3CL1 as measured by Western blotting. Unexpectedly, exposure of STK11 corrected cells to human immune cells isolated from the blood of healthy donors resulted in a 5 to 10-fold increase in CX3CL1 suggesting interactive signaling between tumor and immune cells. Using transwell assays and STK11 corrected A549 cells we find that restoration of functional STK11 increases immune cell migration, adhesion and invasion in vitro. Finally, cytotoxicity assays demonstrate that STK11 corrected A549 cells are 3 to 5-fold more sensitive to immune cell killing. Taken together these results suggest the hypothesis that CX3CL1 loss mediates immune evasion in STK11 mutant lung adenocarcinomas. Future work will further explore the mechanisms underlying this pathway in preclinical models.
 Citation Format: Eria Eksioglu, Gabriela M. Wright, Trent R. Percy, Kenneth L. Wright, W. Douglas Cress. Loss of CX3CL1 expression mediates immune evasion in STK11 mutated lung adenocarcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4454.


We conducted the first quantitative surveys of forest bird and bat populations on the uninhabited island of Sarigan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Severe habitat degradation has occurred on Sarigan because of overgrazing by introduced goats and pigs. Planting of coconut palms ( Cocos nucifera ) for copra production has also eliminated much of the island's native forest. We recorded five species of forest birds on Sarigan: Micronesian Honeyeater ( Myzomela rubratra), Micronesian Megapode ( Megapodius laperouse laperouse ), Micronesian Starling ( Aplonis opaca), Collared Kingfisher ( Halcyon chloris), and White-throated Ground Dove ( Gallicolumba xanthonura ). Estimated population sizes (95% confidence interval) in 1997 were 1,821 (1,617–2,026) for Micronesian Honeyeater, 677 (545–810) for Micronesian Megapode, 497 (319–675) for Micronesian Starling, 107 (82–131) for Collared Kingfisher, and 170 (101–238) for Mariana Fruit Bat (Pteropus mariannus ).


Information technology has become one of the great advantages of modern enterprises, assisting in the optimization and information management. Among the reasons that prompted this change is the use of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). Several studies have discussed the benefits generated by the adoption of ERP systems in enterprises as well as the costs involved in the deployment process. The focus of this research is to present and discuss, through a conceptual approach, these different views on the costs and benefits of these systems, focusing on the different ways to generate value to the information systems (IS) provide to businesses through ERP. The results showed that the discussion about the value of ERP for companies is still not consolidated and, with increasing importance of IS, ERP was regarded as a strategic tool in the search for greater competit iveness, gaining importance for corporate strategy.


Abstract When estimating a location or a scale parameter, an invariant estimate has the desirable property of adjusting itself for changes in the unit of measurement. The mechanism by which it does this is clear. Certain non-invariant estimates also adjust themselves for changes in the unit of measurement. The mechanism by which they do this is illustrated.


The dependence of ionospheric absorption on solar activity during the period 1974-80at frequencies 2.3and 2.5 MHz over Udaipur (24°35'N) has been studied. It has been found that the variation of noontime ionospheric absorption (A)with 10.7-cm solar flux may be represented inan exponential form rather than the linear one. The advantage of this representation isthat the ~', observed saturation value of absorption is also accounted for.


The paper deals with the problem of the first marriage of the Serbian king
 Stephen Uros II (Milutin), mentioned by the Byzantine author George
 Pachymeres, with the aim to reinforce the existing thesis that it was a
 marriage with a Serbian noble Helen, concluded in the 1270-ies, but divorced
 soon after he came to the Serbian throne in 1282. It also provides an
 overview of the nature and character of that marriage and the possible
 reasons why it was dissolved and declared invalid.


Based on experiment, a theoretical model is developed of phosphorus incorporation in modified chemical vapor deposition. In the glass formation stage of this process, gas-phase reaction of silicon tetrachloride and phosphorus oxychloride generates submicrometer particles of phosphorus-doped silica. These particles deposit in a thin porous soot layer which is then viscously sintered. Equations for thermal and dopant transport through the soot voids and particles during sintering predict that gradients in each layer are due to inhibited diffusion of dopant through the gaseous voids of the soot, not to gas-phase gradients. Thermal gradients create variations in gas and solid diffusion and dopant solubility which enhance concentration gradients. These results apply to viscous sintering of glasses produced by flame hydrolysis and sol-gel processes.


The monoanion of the alkanedithioic acid 1a is oxidized with hypervalent iodine compounds to form the 1,2-dithiine 6, the monoanion of 1b yields the 1,2,4-trithiolane 7 and the dianions 2b, c furnish the 1,2,4,5-tetrathianes 3b, c. With diphenyltin or dimethyltin dichlorides 8 the monoanions of 1b, c afford the monothioacyl or bisthioacyl organotin sulfides 10a–c or 11a, b respectively. When treated with lithium hexamethyldisilazane, 10b undergoes an intramolecular cyclization to the 1,3,2-dithiastannetane 9b; 10a is deprotonated by triethylamine to the 1,3,5-trithia-2-stanninane 13. The dianion 2c reacts with diphenyltin dichloride 8 to yield the 1,3,2-dithiastannetane 9d, with dimethyltin dichloride the 1,2,4-trithiolane 16 is formed. 9d is cleaved by thionyl chloride, sulfur dichloride, and disulfur dichloride to give a complex mixture of the 1,2,4,5-tetrathiane 3c and the cyclic polysulfides 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexathiepane 18, 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexathiocane 19 and the 1,2,3,5,6-pentathiepane 20 in varying amounts. Reaction of the dianion 2b with thionyl chloride leads to the formation of the 1,2,4,5-tetrathiane 3b as main product; byproducts are cyclic polysulfides, the 1,2,3,5,6-pentathiepane 21 and the 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexathiepane 22.


Wood pellets are a form of solid biomass energy and a renewable energy source. In 2015, the new and renewable energy (NRE) portion of wood pellets was 4.6% of the total primary energy in Korea. Wood pellets account for 6.2% of renewable energy consumption in Korea, the equivalent of 824,000 TOE (ton of oil equivalent, 10 million kcal). The burning phases of a wood pellet can be classified into three modes: (1) gasification; (2) flame burning and (3) charcoal burning. At each wood pellet burning mode, the volume and weight of the burning wood pellet can drastically change; these parameters are important to understand the wood pellet burning mechanism. We developed a new method for measuring the volume of a burning wood pellet that involves no contact. To measure the volume of a wood pellet, we take pictures of the wood pellet in each burning mode. The volume of a burning wood pellet can then be calculated by image processing. The difference between the calculation method using image processing and the direct measurement of a burning wood pellet in gasification mode is less than 8.8%. In gasification mode in this research, mass reduction of the wood pellet is 37% and volume reduction of the wood pellet is 7%. Whereas in charcoal burning mode, mass reduction of the wood pellet is 10% and volume reduction of the wood pellet is 41%. By measuring volume using image processing, continuous and non-interruptive volume measurements for various solid fuels are possible and can provide more detailed information for CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis.


The online game industry has already become an important part of network economy.The scale of virtual property is large and has been brought into scope of tax collection objectives.Cases of stealing virtual property of network game users happen frequently,and the harm is the same as or even beyond that of traditional theft crimes.Although there are controversies about the applicable laws of virtual property theft within both academic and practical law field,the author believes that the regulations of theft crime in our country's criminal law can be employed to handle this kind of cases.


The problem of formation reconfiguration for multiple spacecraft is discussed in the presence of external disturbances. To achieve the $H$∞ performance, an elaborate formation task function is designed by using null-space based behavioral control method, then a predesigned desired velocity is calculated for each spacecraft. By employing variable structure technique associated with the universal approximation property of radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN), an adaptive H∞ coordination control scheme is proposed for each spacecraft to implement the specified formation task. Finally, rigorous theoretical analysis shows that the developed algorithm implements the formation reconfiguration task and satisfies the $H$∞ performance.


Majmuas which carries an important role in the construction of the literature history are classified by considering some issues such as content, font type and matter. Majmuas are literal works that are shaped according to the pleasures of its compilers. While some of these works had been made up from the poems of poets which share the same ideas and styles, some of them had been from the works about an important topic of their ages. One of these majmuas is also Ravzatü'lEşear as our subject of study. Ravzatü'l-Eşear is a work which places in the Library of Oriental Manuscripts in the Haydarabad province of India. This majmua is firstly introduced in a book named 'Hindistan'da gelişen Türk Edebiyatı' (Turkish Literature which had been improved in India) written by Professor Ali Fuat Bilkan. This majmua, is a thematic work by including poems about Karbala event and The Ahl-e Bayt love. The subject of majmua, Karbala event and the Ahl-e Bayt is one of the most painful incidents which had affected communities over centuries. Within the scope of Karbala, which had been investigated as an important subject in the Turkish Literature, various species an correspondingly various works had been shown up. Maqtal-a Hosayn, Karbalanaghma, Duvazdah, Moharamaya, Nafas are from commonly used examples of those. The attention that the compiler had paid while choosing the poets of the majmua is also from another remarkable sides of this work. The majmua features a remarkable point for the togetherness of Sunni-Alawy sects. The conjunction of Sunni and Alawy poets in the majmua, the feelings of Sunni poets in their Karbala and Ahl-i Bayt poetries indicates the ensurance of that togetherness over centuries. Poetries which are included to the majmua belongs to the poets who lived during 13th and 19th centuries. These poetries which are written in a long period that spread over five centuries, have importance to let those ages be understood well. When the periods which the poets of majmua had lived in are considered, it is understood that the copying of the majmua had been done in the 19th century. The majmua which had gathered poetries those are taken from respectable poets of Azeri and Anatolian literature, is an important resource which combines these two cultures. In our work, by studying Rhawdhat-al Ashaar's characteristics and features, the presentation of this piece to science world is aimed. This work is studied by us in the counselings of Professor İsmail Hakkı Aksoyak, as our Phd Dissertation STRUCTURED ABSTRACT Majmuas are anthologies that are changeable according to the sense of pleasures of their anthologists. The word 'Majmua' had been derived from the root of 'Jam' which means to combine as an Arabic Word. The word majmua has been mostly used for combination books of 'mensur' or 'manzum' pieces in literal area. Majmuas also have importance to reflect the life conceptions, the sense of pleasures and the frame of minds of the poets and the authors of the pieces which they Ehl-i Beyt ve Kerbelâ Hadisesi Merkezli Bir Mecmua: Ravzatü'l-Eş'âr 575 Turkish Studies International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/12 Summer 2015 include. Because the messages, those artists give in their works or the topics which they dwell on their arts inhold important tips to let us understand and know their ages. Majmuas which carries an important role in the construction of the literature history are classified by considering some issues such as content, font type and matter. Majmuas are literal works that are shaped according to the pleasures of its compilers. While some of these works had been made up from the poems of poets which share the same ideas and styles, some of them had been from the works about an important topic of their ages. One of these majmuas is also Ravzatü'l-Eşear as our subject of study. Ravzatü'l-Eşear is a work which places in the Library of Oriental Manuscripts in the Haydarabad province of India. This majmua is firstly introduced in a book named 'Hindistan'da gelişen Türk Edebiyatı' (Turkish Literature which had been improved in India) written by Professor Ali Fuat Bilkan. This majmua, is a thematic work by including poems about Karbala event and The Ahl-e Bayt love. The subject of majmua, Karbala event and the Ahl-e Bayt is one of the most painful incidents which had affected communities over centuries. The martyrization of Hosayn, (who is grandchild of the prophet Mohammad) and his friends is an event which had been remembered over centuries and had referenced to many areas. While sometimes the dramatic scenes of Karbala event had been subject to a miniature, sometimes it had been portrayed on a theatre stage. Karbala event which had been reflected to many areas such as architecture, music, theatre is an historical age that we mostly encounter as an important subject of the literature area. Within the scope of Karbala, which had been investigated as an important subject in the Turkish Literature, various species an correspondingly various works had been shown up. Maqtal-a Hosayn, Karbalanaghma, Duvazdah, Moharamaya, Nafas are from commonly used examples of those. Another important feature of the majmua is also it is content of poems of poets which had been grown up in Azeri field and Anatolian field. One of these Azeri fielded poets is Hatayî nicknamed Shah Esmael. Shah Esmael, who was born in Ardabyl had encountered with Yawoz Soltan Salem in the Chaldyran War. The poet who reserve an important place in Alawy and Baktashy culture had written poems in folkloric and dewan literature styles both. Another important name of the Azeri field is Fuzuli. Fuzuli who also reserves an important place as a great poet in the Anatolian side, had told the martyrization of Hosayn in Karbala in his famous piece named Hadyqat-as Suada. Nesimi is also a known name as an important poet of Azeri poetry. Nesimi who has many poems in this majmua had believed in Hurufism thought. Another Azeri poet who takes a place by his poetry in the majmua is Sheikh Safy. Sheikh Safy is known as the ancestor of Shah Esmael. Gathering the dewan and the folk literature poets in one work is another differentiative feature of the majmua. While there are some poems in the 'koshma' style about Karbala, which are written by folk literature poets, there are also ghazal, mourabba, mouhammas, musaddas styled poetries about the Ahl-i Bayt love and the Karbala event written by dewan literature poets. Ninety five percent of the poems in this majmua are poems written by dewan literature's verse styles.


The author examines a problem of appreciating the quality of school literature. The article gives the methods of analyzing the quality of history text-books using the method of expert marks and applying mathematical treatment of the results. These methods are based on the form «Structural analysis of school history text-books» worked out by the doctor of pedagogical science E.E. Vyazemskii and the doctor of pedagogical science O.U. Strelova.