It has long been recognized that much confusion and many difficulties exist in disease nomenclature. A particular disease may be known by numerous names, some of which are strict synonyms, while others characterize broader or narrower concepts of the disease condition. The same or a very similar name may be used for two or more distinct conditions. For example, multiple sclerosis, diffuse sclerosis, and systemic sclerosis are nosologically distinct. Even more serious are those terms which, although appearing precise, are used in different ways by different observers. It may be recalled that until recently it was believed that chronic bronchitis was a disease peculiar to Great Britain, but when identical diagnostic criteria were applied to patients with chronic respiratory disease on either side of the Atlantic, it soon became apparent that the disease condition designated by American physicians as "emphysema" was identical with what British physicians called "chronic bronchitis." These then are some of the difficult problems of disease nomenclature in a single language, but they become infinitely greater when similar disease names occur in different languages. For instance, "peptic ulcer" has not the same meaning as its French translation "ulckre peptique," which in turn has different connotations in France and Quebec. In contrast to the medical sciences, nomenclatural confusion need not arise in biology. It is always possible to refer back to the original description of the animal, micro-organism or plant, which, in addition, often has been preserved as a type specimen. Although the name of an object may change owing to taxonomic rules, yet no doubt need exist as to which object the name refers. On the other hand, there are no type collections of diseases. As Bjork said, " A disease to the clinician is an abstract image of something concrete which a number of patients have in common."


Presentation of Case A 62-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of nausea, vomiting, and jaundice two weeks after an aortic valvuloplasty. The patient had had a heart murmur "since bi...


The influence of tellurium in the indium segregation of Ga1-xInxSb:Te ingots obtained by the conventional vertical Bridgman method (CVBM), under stirred and non-stirred conditions, was investigated. Three Te-doped ingots and three no-doped ingots were unidirectionally solidified at a constant speed of 2.0 mm/hour, inside quartz ampoules, closed under argon, and with a conical tip. The furnace temperature was set for overheating between 73.5 - 93oC, and temperature gradients between 3.0 - 3.3oC/mm. The tellurium doped ingots showed a smaller number of grains and no cracks in the middle region of the ingots, right after the tip, in comparison with the no-doped ingots. Moreover, when comparing the stirred with the non-stirred ingots, the EDS experimental profile of indium in Te-doped synthetized without melt stirring ingot showed a better agreement with the Scheil-Gulliver equation than the stirred Te-doped ingots. The Te-doped ingots when stirring the melt during synthesis showed a more constant axial indium distribution, up to 85% of their lengths. The constant lattice estimated from TEM diffraction images are respectively 6.29 A for the non-doped sample and 6.17 A for the Te-doped sample. A qualitative account for the increase of the lattice parameter and the Hall measurements results is that the tellurium compensates for the native acceptor defects, contributing to the microstructural quality in the Ga1-xInxSb ingots.


An arrangement of a large current-source inverter and a small voltage-source inverter is proposed as the so-called tandem inverter. The tandem inverter combines technical advantages of the constituent power converters, making it an excellent choice for high-performance AC motor drive applications. In particular, it is characterized by a fast response to current control commands and by high efficiency resulting from radical reduction in switching losses. A detailed description of operating principles of the tandem inverter is followed by results of experimental investigation of a prototype.


We use ab initio simulations and perturbation theory to study the $\mathit{2}{D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ Raman mode of graphene subject to biaxial and uniaxial strains up to $2%$. We demonstrate that $\mathit{2}{D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ Raman measurements, as a function of polarization and laser energy ${E}_{L}$, can probe the LO phonons of graphene with arbitrary radial and angular extent around $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$. The $\mathit{2}{D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ profile is highly sensitive to uniaxial strain and depends on both polarization and strain orientation. The Gr\"uneisen parameter ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathit{2}{D}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{\approx}1.71$ has a mild dependency on the laser energy ${E}_{L}$, and is found to be in good agreement with experiments and comparable in value to ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{G}$. The shear deformation potential ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\mathit{2}{D}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ depends strongly on the polarization and strain orientation, becoming negative when the polarizer and analyzer are perpendicular to each other. Finally, we describe a robust method to determine the uniaxial strain by relying solely on polarized measurements of the $\mathit{2}{D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mode.


The effect of irradiation dose (kGy) on a set of AlCu8.5 samples has been studied. The samples were irradiated to doses of 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 300, 500, 700 and 1000 kGy of 60Co γ-source at room temperature. The effect of γ-ray irradiation on the values of the S- and W-parameters reveals two stages. In the first stage, the S-parameter increases, while the W-parameter decreases up to 70 kGy. In the second stage, the S- and W-parameters decrease and increase respectively in the dose region from 100 to 1000 kGy. The dominant controlling mechanism of the S- and W-parameters was observed.


Although small, New Zealand is a useful comparative case for studying changing school admissions policies and their impact in urban areas. This article reviews New Zealand's admissions policies and their impact over three periods: the post-war social-democratic period, the 1990s when quasi-market policies were embraced in New Zealand; and the period since 2000 when the present Labour government reintroduced school admissions by residential zoning. The available evidence from all of these periods shows that New Zealand's urban middle classes have always sought and been successful in finding ways to educate their children in socially advantaged schools, but have done this in different ways depending on the policy of the day. The evidence from all periods also shows socially advantaged urban schools participating enthusiastically in this project.


Empirical evidence has accumulated documenting an association between childhood physical abuse and aggressive behavior. Relatively fewer studies have explored possible mediating mechanisms that may explain this association. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether caregiver- and youth-reported attention problems mediate the association between physical abuse severity and aggressive behavior. A sample of 240 maltreated early adolescents (ages 9-11) and their caregivers were interviewed within 14 months of being removed from the home. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that caregiver- and youth-reported attention problems were partial mediators of the association between physical abuse severity and aggressive behavior. These associations were significant even after controlling for children's intellectual functioning, sex, age, and severity of other maltreatment types. Possible explanations for the detrimental impact of physical abuse on behavior are discussed, along with the implications of the current study's results for interventions aimed at reducing early adolescent aggressive behavior.


Web usage mining concerns the discovery of common browsing patterns, i.e., pages requested in sequence, from web logs. To cope with the enormous amounts of data, several aggregated structures based on statistical models of web surfing have appeared, e.g., the Hypertext Probabilistic Gramma(HPG) model [2]. These techniques typically rely on the Markov assumption with history depth n, i.e., it is assumed that the next requested page is only dependent on the last n pages visited. This is not always valid, i.e. false browsing patterns may be discovered. However, to our knowledge there has been no systematic study of the validity of the Markov assumption wrt. web usage mining and the resulting quality of the mined browsing patterns.In this paper we systematically investigate the quality of browsing patterns mined from structures based on the Markov assumption. Formal measures of quality, based on the closeness of the mined patterns to the true traversal patterns, are defined and an extensive experimental evaluation is performed, based on two substantial real-world data sets. The results indicate that a large number of rules must be considered to achieve high quality, that long rules are generally more distorted than shorter rules and that the model yield knowledge of a higher quality when applied to more random usage patterns. Thus we conclude that Markov-based structures for web usage mining are best suited for tasks demanding less accuracy such as pre-fetching, personalization, and targeted ads.


Limits of information spectral efficiency and transmission reach are analyzed by an optical orthogonal frequency- division- multiplexing (O-OFDM) dense wavelength- division- multiplexed (DWDM) system with bit rates of 10-600 Gb/s and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) or m -quadrature amplitude modulation ( m-QAM). In addition, using the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 50-GHz grid transmission of OFDM superchannels is studied.


Modern high performance cluster systems for parallel processing are employing multi-core processors and high speed interconnection networks. Efficient mapping of the processes of a parallel application onto cores of such a cluster system, plays a vital role in improving the performance of that application. Parallel application can be modelled as a weighted graph showing the communication among the processes of that application. Such a graph can be constructed with the help of profiling tools. Cluster hardware also can be modelled as a graph, by collecting hardware details using HWLOC tool. Maximum weight matching based approach can be used to embed the application graph into cluster hardware graph. The proposed approach is implemented under a cluster system and tested using benchmark MPI parallel application. The performance of the parallel application, which is mapped using the proposed approach is better than, that is mapped using the legacy packed and round robin approaches of MPI library.


The effectiveness of employing metaphors within problem solving is investigated quantitatively using eye-movement analysis. In the experiment, participant pairs attempted to solve Tangram puzzles. The pairs consisted of a solver who could see the goal shape but could not manipulate the pieces and an operator who could manipulate the pieces but could not see the goal shape. The analysis was conducted by comparing two groups of pairs contrasted in terms of their frequencies of using metaphors. The results show that (a) the rate of overlapping gazes and the ratio of the operator's speaking time were significantly lower for the low-frequency group, suggesting that the solvers in the low-frequency group could solve the puzzle with less communication with her/his operator; (b) in the high-frequency group, significantly more metaphors were used at the start of a trial to facilitate knowledge sharing for the goal shape; (c) metaphors evoke significantly longer periods of overlapping gazes between the participants for asymmetric goal shapes compared to symmetric goal shapes; and (d) the frequency of figurative utterances associated with overlapping gazes is lower than for literal utterances. These results indicate that metaphors do not function to convey information precisely but rather operate to facilitate bilateral communication.


Commentary on Peter Redman's 'The Narrative Formation of Identity Revisited: Narrative Construction, Agency and the Unconscious'

Peter Redman's article employs both Lacanian and Kleinian accounts of the subject to consider a particular aspect of the 'narrative formation of identity': the meaning which the telling of a story has for the narrator. While agreeing with Redman that narrative analysts have paid too little attention to the pleasure speakers can take in positioning themselves within their own stories, I propose an alternative interpretation of this identity work, based on a discursive approach.


Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is defined as a focal or diffuse dilatation of a coronary artery, greater than 1.5 times the diameter of normal adjacent segments. Here we reported a 58-year-old woman with a background of rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren syndrome history. Coronary angiography and Computerised tomographic (CT) coronary angiography confirmed a giant coronary aneurysm (maximum diameters of aneurysm were 12.6 mm and 8.8 mm) in the branch of left anterior descending artery, might with a fistulous communication with the pulmonary artery. To the best of our known, there were no reports about giant CCA in patient with the rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome history.


Our personal journey with Alzheimer's began in 2004. At the time we had been married for 49 years and we were very much of one accord. By that I mean we knew each other pretty well. My wife Dolores had always been a self-sufficient, confident, and capable woman but I came to realise that I had been noticing a change in her, especially with regards to her memory. Initially, the idea knocked me back a bit and I didn't know quite how to raise the subject with her, but then one day I just came out with it and suggested she should go and talk to her local GP. It has to be said that she looked at me as if I'd gone a little strange. However, she agreed and made an appointment with the doctor. We had no idea then, what that simple step would lead to.


Positive and humanistic psychology overlap in thematic content and theoretical presuppositions, yet positive psychology explicitly distances itself as a new movement, despite the fact that its literature implicitly references its extensive historical grounding within humanistic psychology. Consequently, humanistic psychologists both celebrate diffusion of humanistic ideas furthered by positive psychology, and resent its disavowal of the humanistic tradition. The undeniably close alignment of these two schools of thought is demonstrated in the embracing of eudaimonic, in contrast to hedonic, conceptions of happiness by positive psychology. Eudaimonic happiness cannot be purely value-free, nor can it be completely studied without using both nomethetic and idiographic (i.e., quantitative and qualitative) methods in addressing problems of value, which identifies positive psychology clearly as a humanistic approach, despite its protestations.


A variational method is used to investigate the effect of barriers on binding energies of impurity states in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells and the influence from a magnetic field perpendicular to the interfaces.The relations between binding energies and well widths,barrier thickness,impurity positions and magnetic fields are given respectively.And a comparison with that of quantum wells with infinite high barriers and infinite thick barriers is given.The results indicate that the binding energy for a quantum well with finite high barriers is obviously less than that with infinite high barriers,and the binding energy for a quantum well with finite thick barriers is bigger than that with infinite thick barriers for a small well width.The difference among the three cases becomes small as the well width increases.The binding energies are influenced strongly by the confinement of a magnetic field,and increase as the strength of a magnetic field increases.The modification on the barriers should be considered in future works.


This paper suggests that while evaluation means different things to different people, the focus is characteristically on what has been, or is being done. It is proposed that evaluation also be applied to things not yet done; that evaluation has a significant and continuous role in planning any educational program. Evaluation is seen as facilitating the fulfillment of the four basic functions of planning by (1) identifying program goals, (2) defining alternative means of attaining these goals, (3) indicating the possible consequences of selecting each alternative, and (4) providing data for the allocation of resources. Methods of operationalizing the preceding concepts, and procedures for determining priorities among goals and means are considered. The inclusion of this data into educational planning is discussed. (PR) 5 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION s DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED ..ACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ,-,(1ANIZATLON ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF f W OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOS NECES ARV REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFT ICE Of EDU TION POSITION OR POLICY kOLE OF EVALUATION IN PLANNING EDUCATIONAL PROIRWS1 Arden D. Grotelueschen University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dennis D. Gooier Syracuse University Evaluation means different things to different people. For example, it is judging the worth of a program (Striven, 1967). It is describing a program as fully as possible (Stake, 1967). It is documenting how well program objectives are met (Tyler, 1942). It is providing useful information to decision-makers (Stufflebeam, 1969). It is all of these, and combinations of these, and more things besides. The characteristic common to each of these perceptions of evaluation is a focus on what has been done or what is presently being done. We propose that evaluation also be applied to things not yet done. The perceptions of evaluation suggested above are not inappropriate to our proposal. But, in this paper we will argue, as Moynihan (1970, p. 14) did, for "evaluation in advance." To do so, we feel, requires a more-than-usual reliance upon judgmental data.


The robustness of Hidden M ar kov Model (HMM)-based speech recognition systems in noisy environments was impr oved by combining the speech enhancement with several compensation algorithms. I n the front-end, the speech enhancement module effectively suppressed the back ground noise to improve the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the input signal. H owever, the signal still contains residual noise as well as speech distortion wh ich were compensated for by Parallel Model Combination in the recognition stage or by Cepstral Mean Normalization in the feature extraction stage. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the speech recognit ion accuracy in noisy environments, especially in low SNR conditions. For exampl e, with -5 dB white noise, the method improves the recognition accuracy f rom 11.7% to 71.0%.


In this paper the equation with periodical condition and small parameter is considered. The equation will lose boundary condition and lead to large oscillation in boundary layer. The properties of the equation is studied firstly. The analytical solution is decomposed into the smooth component and the singular component. The asymptotic solution is proposed secondly. The asymptotic solution is used to solve the equation outside the boundary layer. Based on Shishkin-type mesh, fitted mesh method is presented for boundary layer thirdly. Error estimation of our method is studied finally.


Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a significant risk and everyday reality for Rohingya women and girls displaced in Cox's Bazar district, Bangladesh. Women and girls face challenges in securing their safety, accessing information and services and negotiating decision-making. Restrictions on movement, cultural and social norms, low literacy and numeracy and reduced community and legal protections increase women and girls' exposure to GBV. The current camp situation in combination with their experiences in Myanmar contribute to increased vulnerability to GBV. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of psychosocial support in coping with incidents of GBV among the Rohingya refugees by exploring two particular cases. DanChurchAid (DCA) have found that useful approaches in this context have included the use of basic techniques for relaxation to help promote calmness in moments of anxiety and panic, plus reinforcement of positive coping strategies such as prayers, spending time with trusted people and engaging in productive activities (e.g., life skills training). This engagement has enabled Rohingya survivors of GBV to build relationships with other women, feel more relaxed and confident and able to respond effectively to issues affecting their lives.


Indirect-drive electric vehicle system will improve the overall reliability and efficiency due to elimination of reduction gear and the differential gear. The paper discusses the design of direct-drive axial flux permanent magnet in-wheel machine for electric vehicle in order to achieve a wide speed range operation and low cogging torque. Fractional-slot winding and wedges made from soft magnetic composition material are adopted for increasing the value of the inductance, so as to improve the AFPM flux-weakening capability. Design results as well as simulation results verify the validation of the proposed method.


This article considers various aspects of unfair competition connected with acquisition and use of the exclusive trademark rights, as well as the peculiarities of contestation and recognition the granting legal protection to trademark as void on the basis of existence of unfair competition in the actions of the right holder in procedure of the state registration of trademark.


Satish Kumar 1 and Govind Kumar Maurya 2 . 1. M.Tech Student, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College1 Ghaziabad, U.P., India. 2. Assistant Scientific Officer, National Institute of Plant Health Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, TN. India. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History


Topic selection,material collection and thesis conception are the most important preparatory work before graduation thesis composition.They are also the premises and foundations of the smooth accomplishment of thesis writing.In light of the discipline characteristics for college E-commerce specialty,this paper comes up with some related suggestions on the methods and principles of topic selection,material collection and thesis conception of graduation thesis for E-commerce specialty.


The construction costs for nonstructural systems such as mechanical/electrical equipment, ceiling system, and piping system occupy a significant proportion of the total cost. These nonstructural systems can also cause considerable economic losses and loss of life during and after an earthquake. Therefore, reduction of seismic risk of nonstructural components has been emerging as a key aspect of research in recent year. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the seismic performance of a single-story and multi-story piping system installed in low-rise building and to identify the seismic vulnerability of the current piping systems. The seismic performance evaluation of the piping systems was conducted with 5 different earthquakes to account for the ground motion uncertainty and the preliminary results demonstrated that the maximum displacements of each floor in the multi-story piping system increased linearly with increasing floor level in the building system. This study revealed that the current design piping systems are significantly sensitive to the effect of floor height, which stress the necessity to improve the seismic performance of the current piping systems by, for example, strengthening with seismic sway bracing using transverse/longitudinal bracing cables or hangers.


A knowledge-based control strategy has been implemented to control the position of a ventilator for the purpose of noise control. The level of intrusive transportation noise into the building is controlled by activating an intelligent controller using acoustic feedback when the noise occurs. There are three major steps of training, source classification control in which fuzzy logic and rule-based algorithms are implemented. If somebody plays music or speaks near the window, the intelligent window must not react even though the level of the sound may be higher than an approaching aircraft or vehicle. To identify an approaching noise source, estimated parameters of a second order autoregressive model and the peaks of a short time Fourier transform are used. The cross-correlation between output data from indoor and outdoor microphones indicates the effect of outdoor transportation noise on the indoor noise level. If the dominant indoor noise is transportation noise its level is used as acoustic feedback in a rule-based control loop. Training software is employed to update the thresholds and to generate the triangle membership functions with three linguistic variables for decision making and control scenarios. The experimental results of an application of a prototype intelligent window is also presented.


A quantitative study of the tradeoffs between the tasks of control law design and plant identifcation for linear dynamic systems is presented. The problem is formulated in the context of optimal control and optimal identification through the intermediary concept of an optimal input. The duality between identification and control is quantified by optimal inputs, which have a specified amount of energy, and which minimize the objective function. An example of a single degree-of-freedom oscillator is used to illustrate the basic concepts underlying the proposed approach. Significant tradeoffs between identification and control tasks are observed, the tradeoffs becoming increasingly important for increasing levels of input energy.


A numerical analysis of a refractive index sensor based on multimode interference (MMI) waveguide has been performed in this paper. The nonlinear refractive index of graphene in the proposed sensor was investigated by applying external electric field on the graphene cladding layer. The designed waveguide was constructed using silicon oxide (SiO2) as substrate and silicon as a core while graphene is coated on top of the waveguide slab. The response of the sensor in the output power was examined and validated by changing liquid samples with different refractive index. The guided modes of the 1550 nm input plane source at the absence of external electric field were used as the initial reference point. It is found that there was a threshold magnitude of the field which makes graphene sensitive to the relative change in the refractive index of the solution. The output results showed a promising indication that this design is appropriate for environmental monitoring.


Relevant provisions in the field of gas supply provide different safety devices to be installed in a gas-supply system, especially for an acetylene supply system. In order to provide such a safety device, which is characterized by compact configuration and high reliability, the invention proposes that in a valve body (1), a pressure relief valve (4) of a quick-closing means, a control valve (3) of a pressure limiting device and a safety valve (2) are received wherein the safety valve (2) with the pressure relief valve (4) and the control valve (3) is fluidically connected, and either closes when the pressure relief valve (4) opens due to a lying above an admission pressure limit template or when the control valve (3) as a result a lying above a back pressure limit value output pressure opens.


There is an increased interest of simple and scalable resource provisioning solution for Diffserv network. The Load Control PCN (LC-PCN) addresses the following issues:
o Admission Control for real time data flows in stateless Diffserv Domains
o Flow Termination: Termination of flows in case of exceptional events, such as severe congestion after re-routing.
Admission control in a Diffserv stateless domain is a combination of:
o Probing, whereby a probe packet is sent along the forwarding path in a network to determine whether a flow can be admitted based upon the current congestion state of the network
o Admission Control based on data marking, whereby in congestion situations the data packets are marked to notify the PCN-egress-node that a congestion occurred on a particular PCN-ingress-node to PCN-egress-node path.

The scheme provides the capability of controlling the traffic load in the network without requiring signaling or any per-flow processing in the PCN-interior-nodes. The complexity of Load Control is kept to a minimum to make implementation simple.


Operations requiring a direct laryngoscope or a rigid bronchoscope under general anesthesia are difficult for both surgeon and anesthesiologist because the airway overlaps the field of operation.Recently, jet ventilation (J. V.) or high frequency jet ventilation (H. F. J. V.) has been used in general anesthesia for bronchoscopy or direct laryngoscopy instead of conventional ventilation bronchoscopy or tracheal intubation.We have used J. V. or H. F. J. V. in general anesthesia for bronchoscopy in 2 cases and for direct laryngoscopy in 11 cases. For bronchoscopy, since both patients had tracheotomies, a metal cannula (about 16G) was inserted into the trachea through the tracheostomy opening and J. V. or H. F. J. V. was performed through the cannula. For surgery using direct laryngoscopy, an S-shaped flexible cannula (16G) was inserted through the crico-thyroid membrane, and J. V. or H. F. J. V. was performed through the cannula.In each operation under general anesthesia with complete muscle relaxation, ventilation was almost adequate and the field of operation was not obstructed.


-ABSTRACT Building-integrated photovoltaics is emerging field that demands approaches to deliver efficient and flexible photovoltaic cells at low cost. In this work, high-quality single-walled carbon nanotube films were utilized as an electrode for the hole transport layer free perovskite solar cells using the methodology compatible with scalable low-temperature roll-to-roll fabrication. We report a simple passivation strategy of perovskite/SWCNT interface using methylammonium iodide, which dramatically enhances the performance of the cells delivering power conversion efficiencies up to 16.7%. We believe the device configuration presented here will facilitate the development of a generation of bifacial perovskite solar cells for integrated photovoltaics and tandems.


Executive Summary. Defaulting on a mortgage represents the ultimate consequence of past decisions to delay payment. As such, a better understanding of the probability of default is obtainable from better understanding the probability of delinquency that is induced by the sequence of decisions to delay payment. Even so, bankspecific, account-level mortgage data are required to analyze delinquency using conventional statistical methods and these data are rarely available to researchers. This paper introduces a maximum entropy econometric approach that uses publicly available aggregated data to estimate both the probability of delinquency and the probability of default. The results suggest the approach has merit for monitoring bank performance, as well as usefulness for bank's risk management efforts and Basel Accord compliance.


In the context of the Eastern European enlargement, locally based networks of enterprises were expected to act as an important driver of economic integration of the cross-border regions. In a globalized world, this type of network is supposed to play a vital role in strengthening the competitiveness of the peripheral regions along the former political–economic frontier between Western and Eastern Europe. In practice, however, only weak network-building across borders was observed in many of the border areas, instead, that involves local enterprises. The contrasting picture of the theoretical propositions and the empirical evidence is the starting point for the present paper. Its aim is to present the key insights into the issue of business networks in the cross-border regions in a post-enlargement era. It proceeds along the following lines: after having confronted the theoretical propositions on the topic with empirical evidence, a case study of a historically integrated cross-border network underpins this literature overview with primary data and highlights the perspectives and limitations of the business networking potential for a case region. The article finishes by sketching a research agenda that aims at reconciling the different views on the development of cross-border business networks and calls for new empirical research.


Abstract : Regulations and guidance have permitted tailoring of the acquisition process as one of many ways in which the acquisition workforce can more efficiently achieve program objectives. Tailoring is frequently mentioned in regulations and guidance. In particular, Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics Frank Kendall s Better Buying Power (BBP) 2.0 implementation directive advises that the first responsibility of the acquisition workforce is to think . . . and not to automatically default to a perceived school solution (Kendall, 2013, p. 1). BBP 3.0, the latest version of the BBP best practices, continues to address the theme of critical thinking in the U.S. Department of Defense s professional workforce (Kendall, 2015, p. 2). Policy allows (even encourages) program managers to customize regulatorybased reviews, processes, and information requirements to accommodate the unique characteristics of a program while still meeting the regulations intent for appropriate decision criteria and oversight processes. The extent to which programs take advantage of opportunities to tailor processes and documentation is not clear, but anecdotal evidence suggests that tailoring is more difficult in practice than guidance suggests. Widespread use of tailoring appears to be constrained by a variety of factors inherent in defense acquisition. This exploratory research reviewed the literature and conducted interviews within the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and the RAND Corporation to begin to answer the following key questions regarding the use of tailoring: Is tailoring practical and possible? What are the constraints that make tailoring a challenge? Are there examples of tailoring that demonstrate its usefulness and feasibility? What set of skills or resources needs to be available to program managers for tailoring to be successful? What other conditions need to exist for tailoring to be effective?


The Social Behavior Inventory (SBI), a forced‐choice test to measure co‐operative‐competitive preferences, was administered to school‐age American (N=876) and Latvian (N=134) children and their parents. The American sample was drawn from thirty public schools in an urban area; the Latvian sample was obtained from six private schools in the midwest. The objectives were to study: (1) co‐operative‐competitive preferences of the two samples; (2) the relationship between children's cooperative‐competitive responses and locus of control tendencies (Nowicki‐Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children), socioeconomic status, sex and age; (3) the relationship between children's responses and parent ratings on the SBI; (4) the differences of American and Latvian children on their co‐operative‐competitive preferences and locus of control tendencies. The results reveal that: (1) American and Latvian parents and children selected responses on the SBI in the co‐operative direction; (2) American and Latvian girls chose significantly more co‐operative responses than boys; (3) children (i.e., American and Latvian) who preferred co‐operative behaviours perceived themselves as internally controlled; (4) Latvian mothers perceived their children significantly more competitive than American mothers; (5) American mothers perceived their daughters significantly more co‐operative than Latvian mothers; and (6) American children perceived themselves significantly more co‐operative than Latvian children. Similarities exist between the two cultures but there is an indication that the Latvian sample is somewhat more competitive in nature, attributable perhaps to the socialization process of the Latvian subculture.


The chemical fraction Cd in artificially contaminated soils cultivated with different types of rice was studied by use of pot experiments.Four types of rice,namely,Youyou 128,Jingxian 89,Zhanyou 226 and Yuexiangzhan,were selected in this study.As the results shown,the chemical fraction of Cd in soils without exterior Cd input was dominated by residual fraction,and no difference was found among the contents of weak acid soluble,reducible and oxidizable fraction.After Cd was input to soils as the form of CdCl2,it was subsequently transformed to different chemical fraction according to certain propotion,while which varied greatly with the rice types and their growth stage.Among the soils cultivated with the four types of rice,the soil with Jingxian 89 had the highest content of weak acid soluble fraction together with its proportion in the total soil Cd.The above result indicated that the joint effects of soil and roots of Jingxian 89 would lead to the exterior input of Cd input remaining as the weak acid soluble fraction for long time.In addition,the content of weak acid soluble fraction as well as its proportion in the total soil Cd would be decreased as the growing time prolonged.


Acute colonic pseudo−obstruction (ACPO), also referred to as Ogilvie's syndrome, is a clinical condition that presents with the symptoms, signs, and radiographic appearance of acute large− bowel obstruction without a mechanical cause (Figure 1). ACPO is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Early detection and prompt, appropriate management are critical to minimize morbidity and mortality. The decision to intervene with active therapy is dictated by the patient's clinical status. The risk of spontaneous colonic perforation in ACPO is estimated to be ap− proximately 3 %. The mortality rate in ACPO is approximately 40% when ischemia or perforation is present, compared with 15 % in patients with intact and viable bowel [1].


Many pesticides are used to control grass-weeds in agricultural crops, especially atrazine (ATZ). As a consequence of its use, the ATZ has been detected in soil, surface water and ground water. Animals such as fish, can be used as models for studies of ecoto xi l gy, aiding in mapping the risk of exposure to organic contaminant s. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze genes differentia lly transcribed in the liver of Poecilia vivipara exposed to ATZ (100 μg / L). For this purpose, we performed a first exposition to 100ug.L -1 ATZ fish P. vivipara from the animal vivarium and used the method of suppress iv ubtractive hybridization (SSH). The identification of these ge nes was performed by homology with sequences from NCBI database (Blastx) , resulting in 34 sequences that composed the list of genes that appa rently had a repression in transcription and 61 genes that showe d an increase in transcription. In order to analyze some genes from the library subtractive, a second exposure was performed with f ish proveninentes natual environment and exposed to increasing concen trations of ATZ (2, 10 and 100 ug.L ) in a fixed time of 24 hours. The genes were selec t d fibrinogen gamma and beta, inhibitors of BAX, vitellogenin A, complement component C3 and C9 and Liver type fatty acids binding . Fibrinogen beta and C9 apparently showed an increase in transcription in the treatments of 10 and 100 ug / L of ATZ in re lation to the control group, and vitellogenin A showed an increase in tra scription in the treatment of animals 10ug.L -1 of ATZ in relation to the control. However, the first two were identified on the list of genes repressed by ATZ. Similarly, the gene Bax Inhibitor-1 showed a d ecrease in its transcription in the liver of animals treated with 10ug.L ATZ, but was present in the library of genes apparently activate d by ATZ. Such discrepancies may be attributed to possible changes or experimental population, since the preparation for the subtracti on experiment was conducted with animals from growing in the vivarium of FURG and validation experiments were performed with populati ons of animals in natural environment in Florianopolis. In experiment al terms, the main difference was attributed to the use of anesthetic benzocaine in the first experiment and the utilization of different populat ions of P. vivipara, which could have influenced the molecular response of the animals.


The purpose of this study was to document the oxygen saturation (SpO2), general physical signs and laboratory characteristics during the first 30 min of life.


This article offers new method named Anti-Net algorithm to the routing task decision. Anti-Net algorithm is adaptive agent-based routing algorithm, which demonstrate best results of performance and uses swarm intelligence for network data routing. Some kinds of social insectors use this intellect.


Arabic texts suffer from missing short vowels. Arabic Speech Recognition is not as good as English speech recognition due to the short vowels not being recognized. And the Arabic language is unlike the English language in characteristics such as the number of vowels. English has more than 24 vowels that are close to each other in pronunciation. The Arabic language only has three short vowels that are far from each other in utter and measurement, by elongating those short vowels, long vowels arose. Researchers said that the vowels could be recognized using formants. The formants' measurements of Arabic vowels are far from each other too, so it is possible to recognize them so that Arabic Speech recognition can give more accurate results. The paper applies this idea to the corpus Phonemes of Arabic. It uses the Euclidian distance method to measure the distances between formant values to recognize Arabic from words with a CV3 structure, the Linear Predictive Coding method and MATLAB to develop the programs that will extract the formants and calculate the means of the short vowels by using the corpus to identify the short vowels within words in the corpus. The results showed that if highly qualified readers were chosen to read the Arabic text, then higher rates of recognition of the short vowels involved in words will be achieved. This paper revealed that some of the characteristics of a language can be utilized for vowel recognition or to enhance the existing methods for speech recognition.


The ecological civilization is a great progress in human civilization form and the civilization development concept,road and mode.Deng Xiaoping's thought of ecological civilization,which is based on China's national conditions and the economic construction is taken as the center,coordinate the relationship among the population,the environment resources and economic and social development,and then proposed the path of sustainable development.The significance of further analysis on Deng Xiaoping's thought of ecological civilization is more important and far-reaching on socialist modernization under the new situation.


To determine the role of inhibition of complement activation in the contractile function of skeletal muscle ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, the rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles underwent 3 h ischemia and received human C1‐esterase inhibitor (C1‐INH, 100 IU/kg), a synthetic C1q A chain peptide with a similar inhibitory effect on activated C1 (peptide, 5 mg/kg), or human serum albumin control. Results showed a significant overall increase in tetanic contractile forces of the reperfused EDL in both C1‐INH and peptide groups compared to controls. Maximum improvement occurred with peptide treatment at 120‐Hz stimulation, with an increase in force from 38 ± 4% of normal in controls to 52 ± 4% in peptide‐treated rats. There were no significant differences between C1‐INH and peptide groups. Plasma C3 and C4 activities were significantly increased in both treated groups, suggesting inhibition of complement activation. Our results suggest that complement activation is involved in I/R injury, and inhibition of complement activation may therefore represent a potential therapeutic approach to reducing or preventing I/R injury. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:561–567 2003


The tree flora of seasonally dry forests (SDTF) of eastern tropical and subtropical South America was investigated according to two main aspects: (a) the variations in floristic composition were analyzed in terms of geographical and climatic variables by performing multivariate analyses on 532 existing floristic checklists; and (b) the links among different seasonally dry forest formations, Amazonian forests and cerrados (woody savannas) were assessed. Analyses were performed at the species, genus and family levels. There was a strong spatial pattern in tree species distribution that only receded and allowed clearer climate-related patterns to arise when either the geographical range was restricted or data were treated at the genus and family levels. Consistent floristic differences occurred between rain and seasonal forests, although these were obscured by strong regional similarities which made the two foresttypes from the same region closer to each other floristically than they were to their equivalents in different regions. Atlantic rain and seasonal forests


Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC) is a Level I trauma hospital with approximately 160 massive transfusions annually, most initiated in the emergency department (ED). Although emergency release red blood cell (RBC) units are always available from the blood bank, it may take 15 to 20 minutes to reach the ED by runner. While there are commercial solutions (e.g., Hemosafe, Haemonetics) to remotely issue blood products, their cost can be prohibitive. We developed a novel software and hardware system to control and monitor the emergency release of RBCs in the HCMC ED (see figure, schematic workflow shown). The system utilizes the access control features on an Omnicell, Inc. medication dispensing cabinet to release the lock on a blood refrigerator door. To obtain emergency release blood, trained ED staff unlock the refrigerator using the Omnicell by entering their identification (ID) and a patient ID and selecting blood products, like they would for dispensing medication. If no patient ID is available (e.g., before patient arrival), release can occur to an unidentified


The G20 Sustainable Finance Report 2022 was adopted at the G20 Summit in 2022, signaling a global agreement on green finance in a growing number of nations. Since then, the use of financial instruments to accelerate the transition to green development and meet the dual carbon goal has gained significant public attention. In this essay, 18 variables that hinder the development of green finance are compiled and identified using a literature review methodology. The explanatory structural model (ISM) model is used to analyze the relationship mechanism between the impeding factors and the promotion of green finance, and the Matrices Impacts Croises-Multiplication Appliance Classement (MICMAC) approach is used to categorize the 18 impeding factors into the driving force-dependency classification. The results show that improving the surface factors with strong dependencies, such as willingness to use green transition funds, scope of supporting industries, capability of industrial restructuring, and difficulty of application, etc., is especially important for promoting green finance. Focus should also be placed on the deeper factors with strong driving forces, such as the lack of regulation of relevant national laws and the restricted freedom of local policy implementation, etc. This paper takes the hindering mechanism of green finance promotion as the research object, and researches to get the hindering chain of the influence of four different dimensional mechanisms on green finance promotion, which is helpful to provide the solution direction when green finance development faces problems.


The aim of this work is the estimation of the survival function of a power transformer and a switch for a medium voltage substation, which provides the empirical reliability of this transformer and its switch. The statistical analyses of recurrent events are used for this estimate. In this study, have been applied several estimators: in the presence of correlation, under a model of maximum likelihood and assuming a gamma frailty model. This work is part of a project applying various techniques of maintenance. These techniques are based on the reliability of the electrical substations belonging to future Smart Grid.


In the legislative and policy debate, abort ion has become primarily a rel igious issue because opponents [of abortion] insist that the only pertinent quest ion is: when during gestat ion does "human life"' begin?. . .Opponents of abort ion have largely succeeded in l imiting the debate to this single issue and prec luding ser ious considerat ion of any other aspects of the complex human quest ion of abort ion. This framing of the issue is primarily (not only) a rel igious matter, s temming, as Daniel Cal lahan has observed, from the Cathol ic tradit ion, (p. 14) Jaffe believes that the supporters of the Hyde Amendment are entitled to their opin ion regarding the personhood of the fetus but that they have an obl igat ion to understand the rel igious origin of their op in ion and to appreciate the consequences of enact ing their rel igious dogma into law. S ince sc ience cannot show that the fetus becomes a person at concept ion , "this belief can only be based on rel igious values, or metaphysical values that are rel igious in nature if not in express ion . " (p. 14)


Kevin Corbett and Jenny Finch (reflections, April 13) are right to call for stronger nursing alliances between primary care and community nurses.


This study attempts to effectively manage job satisfaction and organization performance for local civil servant in the Chungcheongbuk-do. For this, extraneous variables(personnel management systems, personal characteristics, Job characteristics) in the relationship between job satisfaction and organization performance was empirically tested. The results of the test are as follows. First, the effect of extraneous variables on compensations and organizational commitments showed that were significant factors about that. Second, the effect of compensations and organizational commitments on job satisfaction and organization performance showed that were significant factors about that. In conclusion, personnel management systems, personal characteristics and job characteristics should be a priority in order to improve job satisfaction and organization performance.


Multi-turn response selection is essential to retrieval-based chatbots. The task requires multi-turn response selection model to match a response candidate with a conversation context. Existing methods may lose relationship features in the context. In this article, we propose an improved method that extends the learning granularity of the multi-turn response selection model to enhance the model's ability to learn relationship features of utterances in the context, which is a key to understand a conversation context for multi-turn response selection in retrieval-based chatbots. The experimental results show that our proposed method significantly improves sequential matching network for multi-turn response selection in retrieval-based chatbots.


Abstract:ABSTRACTResearch throughout Europe has indicated the continuing reductions in acidic aerial deposition and associated improvements in freshwater pH. However, information on macroinvertebrate responses to these on-going changes is rare. During 2009, 2010 and 2011, 34 peat-dominated catchments in three geologically distinct acid-sensitive regions of Ireland were sampled for macroinvertebrates (6 occasions) and chemistry (3 seasons) to assess the effects of reduced sulphate and nitrate deposition in an ecoregion with historically low acidic deposition. Streams drained moorland catchments without forest, catchments with 20%–50 % (low) and catchments with forest cover and >50% (high) forest cover. Results indicate ecological improvements have occurred in many forested catchments when compared with findings in the early 1990s, especially on metamorphic and igneous geologies. However, episodically low pH (<5.7) and high inorganic aluminium concentrations (>150μg l−1), associated with storm-flow events, resulted in periods of ecological degradation. Nevertheless, the reductions in ecological health appeared seasonal, associated with antecedent hydrochemistry and climate. Interestingly, acid-sensitive Baetidae were present in the majority of forested streams in Ireland, owing to the recent improvements in water quality. However, caution must be advised as there are still many hydrochemical and ecological uncertainties in peat-soil forested catchments, owing to the high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, climate change and changes to catchment management.


BACKGROUND
Risk assessments of patients should be based on objective variables, such as biological markers that can be measured routinely. The acute response to stress causes the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla accompanied by chromogranin A (CGA). To date, no study has evaluated the prognostic value of CGA in critically ill intensive care unit patients.

METHODS
We conducted a prospective study of intensive care unit patients by measuring serum procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and CGA at the time of admission. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the ability of these biomarkers to predict mortality.

RESULTS
In 120 consecutive patients, we found positive correlations between CGA and the following: CRP (r(2) = 0.216; P = 0.02), PCT (r(2) = 0.396; P < 0.001), Simplified Acute Physiologic Score II (SAPS II) (r(2) = 0.438; P < 0.001), and the Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) score (r(2) = 0.374; P < 0.001). Nonsurvivors had significantly higher CGA and PCT concentrations than survivors [median (interquartile range): 293.0 microg/L (163.5-699.5 microg/L) vs 86.0 microg/L (53.8-175.3 microg/L) for CGA, and 6.78 microg/L (2.39-22.92 microg/L) vs 0.54 microg/L (0.16-6.28 microg/L) for PCT; P < 0.001 for both comparisons]. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, creatinine (P < 0.001), age (P < 0.001), and SAPS II (P = 0.002) were the only significant independent variables predicting CGA concentration (r(2) = 0.352). A multivariate Cox regression analysis identified 3 independent factors predicting death: log-normalized CGA concentration [hazard ratio (HR), 7.248; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.004-17.487], SAPS II (HR, 1.046; 95% CI, 1.026-1.067), and cardiogenic shock (HR, 3.920; 95% CI, 1.731-8.880).

CONCLUSIONS
CGA is a strong and independent indicator of prognosis in critically ill nonsurgical patients.


To the Editors: G protein–coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) gene mutations are responsible for the syndromic condition known as bilateral frontal and frontoparietal cortical malformation (BFPP). The main clinical features of BFPP include severe mental retardation, developmental delay, and epilepsy, often presenting as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Although there is some evidence of the pathogenesis of BFPP, the pathophysiology of the resulting epilepsy is poorly understood. Localized freezing in neonatal mice brain is currently used as an experimental model mimicking the histologic characteristics of a human four-layered polymicrogyria. This model documented a widespread functional disruption of c-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAARs) revealing a downregulation of GABAAR sub-units. 6 We observed four female patients from two families with consanguineous parents. All of them presented with BFPP due to GPR56 mutations. Mutations in 16q12.2–21 were identified [C.1453C>T and C.1693C>T]. All patients presented with tonic and secondarily generalized seizures. Epileptic spasms occurred in half of them. All patients had drugresistant epilepsy, gait impairment, and intellectual disability. All treatments were ineffective, including benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Vigabatrin was introduced at a median age of 8.8 years old (range 7.2–8.9). We observed a median seizure reduction of 75% (range 25–100%) after vigabatrin introduction. This effect persisted all over the follow-up (median 15 months, range 6–72). The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) test administered to parents revealed an overall improvement (one case "very much improved", two cases "much improved", one case "minimal improved"). In addition, parents reported an increase of attention in three patients. The functional disruption of GABAAR sub-units could be the biologic mechanism involved in epileptogenesis, and in the specific sensitivity to vigabatrin in patients with BFPP. The evidence linking epilepsy with dysfunction of GABAergic inhibition is well documented, and GABAAR is a major target of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Functional studies demonstrated that the sub-unit composition of GABAAR determines its electrophysiologic and pharmacologic properties. In our patients, different drugs active on the GABA pathway were used: benzodiazepines (clobazam and clonazepam) and barbiturates (phenobarbital) failed. The function of GABAARs can be modulated through the allosteric site, or directly activated through the orthosteric site. Vigabatrin increases the availability of GABA in synaptic space (inhibition of the GABA catabolism), and might be effective through the direct activation of the orthosteric site. Loss-of-function of allosteric sites, caused by downregulation of GABAARs sub-units, might be an explanation for the inefficacy of other GABA agents tested. The selectivity of benzodiazepine responsiveness of GABAARs is determined by specific alpha subunits (those abnormally expressed in the animal model of polymicrogyria). Similarly, the main antiseizure mechanism of barbiturates is likely the allosteric effect on GABAARs: some evidence related with beta sub-units. One similar model is stiripentol effectiveness in Dravet syndrome: positive modulation by stiripentol was most effective on GABAARs containing an alpha-3 subunit, those characteristics of the immature brain. GABAARs are established targets for AEDs, but data regarding the specificity of AEDs in different syndromes are lacking. Our report suggests that also in rare diseases, a better knowledge of the AED's mechanism of action and the understanding of the disease pathophysiology could allow a tailored treatment.


An attempt was made to obtain a mutant strain from Nakayama strain of Japanese encephalitis virus cultivated in mouse brain by means of serial passage in embryonal cells of the snake (Agkistrodon halys Pallas). At first, the optimal temperature for the growth of the virus in embryonal cells of the snake was determined. Then, the titers of infectivity by mice LD, and plaque forming unit, and of hemagglutinin at each passage were measured. In addition to these assays, the immunogenicity of the virus was estimated at the 13th passage by cross-neutralization test between the snake-cell-grown virus and the mouse-grown virus and the rabbit sera immunized by them. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. An adequate temperature for the growth of Japanese encephalitis virus in embryonal cells of the snake was found to be 26C. 2. The mice Ldof the virus from the 1st to 5th passage in embryonal cells of the snake was relatively low but the titer remarkably increased from the 6th passage and thereafter. The plaque forming unit of the virus rapidly decreased from passage to passage until it reached almost nil at the 7th passage and shoved a slight recovery from the 12th passage. The plaques formed on the chick embryo fibroblast monolayer by the virus at the 13th passage in embryonal cells of the snake were shaped quite differently from those formed by the mouse-grown virus. The former were larger in size and irregular in shape with unclear margines. 3. The hemagglutinin titer of the virus grown in embryonal cells of the snake fell rapidly during the course of the serial passage to such a low degree that the titer was unable to be measured at the 6th passage. 4. The lowered plaque forming titer and the altered shape of the plaque at the 13th passage recovered their original level and shape when the virus was cultivated in Singhs mosquito cells after two successive subcultures. 5. According to the cross-neutralization test between the snake-cell-grown virus and the mouse-grown virus and the rabbit sera immunized by them, the immunogenicity of the virus did not seem to have changed at the 13th passage in embryonal cells of the snake.


While sulphur, phosphorus, and hydrogen may, in a consideration of the entire boiler unit with its heat-recovery apparatus, render an otherwise satisfactory coal unsuitable for that particular installation, certain other characteristics are of primary importance in selecting fuel for a powdered-coal-fired furnace. These characteristics are (a) use value, (b) heat content, (c) grindability, (d) volatile content, (e) moisture content, (f) ash-fusion temperature, (g) ash content, (h) size of coal, (i) foreign material, and (j) fly-ash characteristics. All of these are concisely but comprehensively discussed in the paper and are supplemented in some instances by experiences of the author, tabulations, and illustrations.


Objective To detect the expressions of Wnt5a gene in bone marrow from lymphocytic malignant tumor patients and research the relationship between Wnt5a gene and lymphocytic malignant tumor. Methods Crack RBC and collect karyocyte with chloride ammonia reagent,and detect the expression of Wnt5a gene using semi-quantitative RT-PCR in 19 cases of lymphocytic malignant tumor,11 cases of remission of lymphocytic malignant tumor,27 healthy adults and 10 samples of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells. The expression of Wnt5a protein was analyzed by immunocytochemical staining in some samples. Results The positive rate of Wnt5a mRNA expression in healthy adults,the patients of lymphocytic malignant tumor,the patients in remission of lymphocytic malignant tumor and umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells were 88.9% (24/27),10.5% (2/19),72.7% (8/11),100% (10/10),respectively and their semi-quantitative RT-PCR results were respectively 0.401 5±0.150,0.113 9±0.048,0.357 0±0.141 and 0.247 5±0.095. The expression of Wnt5a mRNA was lower in lymphocytic malignant tumor patients and CD34+ cells in umbilical cord blood than that in healthy adults (P0.05),and that was higher in CD34+ cells in umbilical cord blood than in lymphocytic malignant tumor patients,but no significant difference was found between the patients in remission of lymphocytic malignant tumor and healthy adults (P0.05). Wnt5a protein expressed in healthy adults,the patients in remission of lymphocytic malignant tumor and CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood,but not in lymphocytic malignant tumor. Conclusion The expression of Wnt5a gene decreased during the development of lymphocytic malignant tumor and restored in the remission of lymphocytic malignant tumor. Our results indicate that lymphocytic malignant tumor may correlate with the decreasing or loss of Wnt5a mRNA expression. Wnt5a gene could be one of the indices for diagnosis and therapy of lymphocytic malignant tumor.


In recent years considerable advances in the field of "optimal control" have been made. The impetus behind many of these advances has been derived from a growing demand that not only is it desirable, but also essential, that the design of a control system be optimised. This is particularly true of the aerospace industry in which the specification laid before the control systems designer usually demands the best possible performance for minimum cost (be that cost financial, on fuel, or on weight). Short of a major technological innovation, the problem becomes one of finding some means of meeting an ever increasing demand for performance, using existing technology. More attention has therefore been given in recent years to the study of optimal control, particularly since the advent of high speed, sophisticated scientific digital computers. Two of the major areas which have been explored have been the optimal design of systems, according to a quadratic performance criterion, and non-linear programming techniques. These are briefly discussed in Section 3 of this paper.


According to the Water Frameword Directive the classification of water bodies environmental quality and the achievement of "good status" by 2015 are requested for all the European aquatic environment, including transitional waters such as coastal lagoons. Although progresses have been done and many results have been achieved, several aspects of the WFD implementation can be further improved and current limitations are more evident for some categories of water bodies such as coastal lagoons. Accordingly, the E-QUALITY tool was developed with the main aim of enabling the environmental quality assessment of transitional waters, with a particular focus on lagoons, and supporting public authorities responsible for the implementation of the WFD with the development of management scenarios useful for the definition of new policies on water quality. The tool integrates a geodatabase and GIS functionalities and is accessible through user friendly interfaces. It implements a methodology based on a Weight of Evidence approach which integrates data from five Lines of Evidence (LOE), i.e. Biology, Chemistry, Physico-chemistry, Ecotoxicology, and Hydromorphology. The paper describes the main characteristics of the E-QUALITY tool and the result of the application to the whole Lagoon of Venice based on the use of data collected by several monitoring campaigns from the late 80's. The final output showed that the water bodies located in the northern part of the lagoon and in the part closest to the sea exhibit a dominance of High/Good quality classes, while the water bodies close to the industrial area and the historical city are more frequently characterized by Poor/Bad quality classes. Accordingly, industrial, agricultural as well as urban discharges of chemicals were identified as the main drivers of low quality.


This study explores the concept of mission and contextualization from biblical and cultural perspectives. It describes the mission of Jesus and the continuation of such a mission as an essential nature of the church. It is a mission entrusted to the disciples and the early church based on Jesus` mission for the inauguration of the kingdom of God. As Jesus Himself taught as well as the apostles the gospels portrayed the mission from local to universal dimensions, a view also emphasizes in the document Road Map for Mission. This study addresses the issue of contextualization of the gospel as it was also viewed in the early church and the need for contextualization for sharing the gospel in Asia countries and cultures. The author uses the experience of the apostle Paul in Athens as an example of contextualization for a model of contextualization of the gospel in Japan.


This study investigates how business actors' entrepreneurial orientation and rationality affect MSMEs' performance, as well as how the availability of financing affects that performance. Using a random sampling technique, we surveyed 195 MSMEs from various business fields. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and AMOS and SPSS software. We discovered that the mediation of entrepreneurial orientation and decision-making rationality significantly impacted the relationship between financial availability and performance. Adequate funding encourages an entrepreneurial mindset and the development of innovations that improve overall performance. The study suggests that business actors improve their capabilities, including managerial skills, practices, and procedures in the financial sector. When adequate funds are available, they could be used to improve performance. The study adds to the dynamic capability theory by demonstrating that MSMEs must be able to integrate, construct, and reconfigure their financial resources in the face of rapid environmental changes.


A parallel algorithm for banded linear equations on distributed-memory multicomputers is presented. when the banded linear equation's coefficient matrix is diagonally dominant, the process will not break down. The complexity of the algorithm is analyzed. The numerical experiments for the algorithm on MPI environment based on LAN are made. The experimental results show the new algorithm is highy efficient.


Although the Babel myth is still often used as a foundational frame in both scholarly and popular accounts of translation, not all translation traditions trace their origins to its tale of human hubris and a fall from grace. For example, in the Chinese context, scholar Martha Cheung explores a different seminal moment. In her article "Translation as Intercultural Communication: Views from the Chinese Discourse on Translation," Cheung discusses how monks in the sixth and seventh centuries CE developed, used, and argued over a variety of translation practices for key religious and philosophical terms, some of which were shared by Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. What is most interesting about this, Cheung points out, is that the process of working in relation to other languages and religious practices actually clarified and refined certain foundational concepts for all parties: If the translators' commentaries "help us understand in greater depth the different meanings of, for example, the term 'Tao' in Taosim, Ruism [Confucianism], and Buddhism, it is because the Taoist dao, the Ruist dao, and the Buddhist dao have been pitted against one another and elucidated in contradistinction to one another. In this sense, they are dependent on one another for a shaper, more pronounced semantic profile." What Cheung does not mention explicitly, and yet which resonates beneath the surface of her argument, is the fact that these sixthand seventh-century translators were not compelled to find perfect equivalence for these religious terms; they worked with a range of strategies to meet the need at hand. In other words, instead of understanding translation as response to a fall from grace, or a necessary evil that would never succeed at finding exact equivalence to the words of God, translation was simply a way to convey, and even expand and clarify, meaning. Why do we still allow the story of Babel to frame both the translation process and product? Why do we continue to give credence to equivalence, even though translators know that there is nothing quite as neat as a sliding translation scale, whether it is attempting to measure fidelity/infidelity or foreignization/domestication? What kind of limitations do we place upon ourselves by continually framing our questions about translation in these ways? I would argue that understanding translation as a fall from grace, or on a scale of equivalence, leads us to focus more upon what translation cannot do, rather than what it can do. This is why, instead of considering translation as a record of attempts and losses, I explore it here as practice of listening, an approach that allows translation to resound as I know it: multidimensional, knowledge generating, and creative. I begin with some theoretical explorations of what a theory of translation, understood as a practice of listening, has to offer. To do this, I address some foundational texts in Western translation scholarship, but rather than focusing upon references to Babel, I show how this scholarship suggests possibilities for listening—both within the process


The domestic consumption of sunflower oil, in Brazil, ent up 657% in the period of 1993/96 and Goias is the major roducer, with 70.5% of the 1999 national production. The ultivation of the sunflower seed is becoming more important nd there are no studies about the quality of the grain. Therefore, here is a need to gather information about the characteristics of he grain harvested. The goal of this study is to collect data from wo storage units (Montividiu and Chapadao do Ceu counties), hich receive most the state of Goias' production. The average oisture content, percentage of impurity and percentage of burned grains from Montividiu were 9%, 2.5% and 1%, and from hapadao do Ceu were 10.3%, 4.1% and 3.3%, respectively. he temperature was between 17.5° and 22°C in the Montividiu nit and between 7° and 23.5°C in the Chapadao do Ceu unit. he relative humidity was between 37% and 71.5% in Montividiu nd between 38.5% and 80.5% in Chapadao do Ceu. The grain ample collected showed 21.9% protein and 35.6% oil. In the ample, 790 CFU of fungi were encountered per gram of product, ith 86% Cladosporium fungus, 0.9% of Fusarium and 0.4% of Penicillium . One sample of sunflower residue had 8.6% humidity, 6.3% protein and 7.5% oil. In the counting and identification of fungi, 2.5 x 10³ CFU of fungi were encountered per gram of esidue, with 57% Fusarium fungus and 43% Penicillium fungus. he observed characteristics of moisture content, percentage of mpurity and percentage of burned grains are in accordance with uality standards. KEY-WORDS: Quality; classification; weather.


Using some points and methods of Evidence Based Medicine as reference to evaluate the whole level of study quality of Korean national medicine,Carrying medical treatment and medical choice according to the conclusion of Evidence Based Medicine,and these will improve the property using of Korean national medicine and experience,improve the quality of people who engage in medicine,narrow the gap between Korean national medicine and modern medicine, improve Korean national medicine to walk to the world.


Gold mining in the Sangon Area, Kokap, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta is one
of the traditional gold mining in Indonesia. Mercury waste has been suspected
flowing from the pools to Sangon River. Benthic macroinvertebrates are
bioindicators to determine the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in
aquatic systems because of the relationship between organisms with sediments,
relative stream, feed behaviour, and the time of their lives in aquatic systems.
Biomonitoring in the Sangon River using benthic macroinvertebrates could
provide information about concentration of mercury in river waters and toxic
potential both in aquatic organisms and humans. Sampling of benthic
macroinvertebrates have been done at the 5 stasions using a Surber sampler (n =
3). In the laboratory, benthic macroinvertebrates have been identified and divided
into feeding groups. Mercury concentrations in the organisms, water, and
sediment were analyzed using the VM - 300 Mercury Analyzer. The results show
that the highest Hg concentration was observed in the Gatherer Collector,
followed by Filterrer Collector, Scrapper�Grazer, Shredder, and Predator.
Bioaccumulation of mercury in the benthic macroinvertebrates in the Sangon
River associated with concentrations of mercury in the river water (except
Shredder and Predator) and sediment (except Filterer Collector and Predator).


Let $S$ be the union of finitely many disjoint intervals on the real line. Suppose that there are two real numbers $\alpha, \beta$ such that the length of each interval belongs to $Z \alpha + Z \beta$. We use quasicrystals to construct a discrete set of real frequencies such that the corresponding system of exponentials is a Riesz basis in the space $L^2(S)$.


This author discusses the possibility of restoration and reconstruction of monuments of ancient architecture in both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Today, 3D reconstructions combining theory and its practice, are growing more and more important in preserving architectural heritage.


Evaporatively cooled storage structure, nowadays, is increasingly being used for on-farm storage of fruits and vegetables. Various design and concepts for constructing this structure are being applied. A structure using pad as cooling medium was designed and constructed for storage of fruits and vegetables. Physical properties of commonly used cooling pads, such as safeda, partal and root pads were studied and rate of water evaporation from their surfaces at different environmental conditions were evaluated for this structure in this investigation. The average bulk density of safeda, partal and root pads varied from 38–46 kg/m3, 35–40 kg/m3 and 111–313 kg/m3 respectively; and decreased with the increase in their thickness. The average true densities of partai, safeda and root pads were found to be 1000, 750 and 590 kg/m3, respectively and among the three cooling pads, partal had maximum porosity and root pad the minimum. The surface evaporation of water from the cooling pads increased with increase in ambient temperature and decrease in the relative humidity irrespective of pad materials and thickness. The highest surface evaporation of 14.87g of water per minute was found to be from the partal cooling pad of 7 mm thickness.


Stress on the medium speed engine lu- bricant is increasing due to a combination of factors such as engine design, the need for operators to ex- tend time between overhauls and the wide range of residual fuel oils available in terms of composition and quality. Concerning engine design, higher power out- put is being achieved from the same engine size and oil volume in circulation, oil consumption has reduced through wide use of the anti-polishing ring. In addi- tion, greater fuel efficiency and lower exhaust emis- sions requires more precise fuel injection with higher fuel injection pressures which require additional mea- sures to reduce fuel contamination of the lubricant. Shell's full scale Wartsila 4L20 engine was up- graded in April 2002 to a higher output (Brake Mean Effective Pressure of 27.3 bar) and provides a unique laboratory tool to test lubricant performance in medium speed engines. To mimic the effects of fuel contamina- tion of lubricant in the field, heavy fuel is deliberately added to the lubricant. The engine has been used to study the main Oil Stresses of lubricants for medium speed engines operating on heavy fuel: acid stress (largely from sulphur acids), thermal/oxidative stress and asphaltene stress (from fuel). For piston undercrown (PUC) deposits, asphaltene stress of the lubricant and thermal/oxidative stress (in the thin oil film context) are primary factors. Rapid growth of PUC deposits with time is seen in the labora- tory engine at a point that corresponds to a particular used oil condition. For oil technology based on salicy- late detergent chemistry, BN reflects to an extent lubri- cant detergency and anti-oxidancy as well as its acid neutralisation capability. Here PUC deposit growth correlates with used oil BN and there is a break point at a BN level of 20 mg KOH/g. Below this level rapid PUC deposit growth occurs. Keeping the oil quality (and detergency) above this break point will prevent excessive PUC deposit growth. In a related manner, a higher initial BN for such an oil technology will main- tain PUC deposits at a lower level for a longer time. Benefits for a higher BN oil are also seen for piston ring belt deposits and fuel pump lacquer.


The present invention relates to a novel epoxy compound, a method for preparing same, a composition and cured product comprising same, and use thereof, wherein the compound shows excellent heat-resistant properties - specifically, a low thermal expansion property and a high glass transition temperature increasing effect (including Tg-less which does not show a glass transition temperature), a flame retardant property and processability - specifically, a thickening-control property without requiring a separate silane coupling agent, and has improved brittleness in a complex. According to one aspect of the present invention, provided are: an epoxy compound having at least one unreactive silyl group, alkenyl group or combination thereof together with at least two epoxy groups and at least one alkoxysilyl group; a method for preparing the epoxy compound through alkoxysilylation and alkylsilylation; an epoxy composition comprising same; and a cured product. The epoxy composition comprising the novel epoxy compound of the present invention exhibits enhanced heat-resistant properties - i.e., a glass transition temperature increasing effect and a reduced CTE of the epoxy complex due to the formation of a chemical bond through a chemical reaction between the alkoxysilyl group and a filler and a chemical reaction between alkoxysilyl groups in the complex and/or a cured product. Further, the cured product of the epoxy composition of the present invention exhibits an excellent flame retardant property due to introduction of the alkoxysilyl group. In addition, thickening of the epoxy composition of the present invention can be easily controlled during a curing reaction. Furthermore, the cured product of the epoxy composition exhibits improved brittleness.


and spleen are usually attempted by qualitative visual assessment of scans: actually, one estimates the rela tive distribution of radioactivity in the reticuloen dothelial (RE ) tissues ( 1) . Measurement of colloid clearance rates was first attempted with blood clear ance curves (2,3) , but more recently external count ing techniques have been employed (4,5). Increased uptake in the spleen relative to the liver, as determined by visual assessment of scans, has been correlated with cirrhosis, carcinoma, ane mia, and diabetes mellitus (6). Decreased splenic uptake, by the same method, has been correlated with RE and hematopoietic neoplasia (6,7). Quan titative techniques have been used to document a reduction in RE clearance in cirrhosis (3—5). To our knowledge, no effort has been made to quantitate colloid clearance rates individually for the liver, spleen, and other RE tissues and to categorize dis eases systematically with this information. This paper describes a kinetic radionuclide tech nique for quantitative assessment of colloid clear ance-rate constants for the liver, spleen, and other RE tissues and reports preliminary results that seem to differentiate cirrhosis, fatty metamorphosis, hepa titis, and normal function.


Many scholars come up with their opinions of the relationship between the Song Buddhism and feudal official finance, of whom Zeng Gong and Su Shi are examples. They seem opposing, but in reality their major views are the same, namely, solving feudal official financial crisis through re - distribution of Buddhist resources. Their different ways are closely related with their personality and official careers. Zeng's preciseness in handling affairs and Su's tolerance are in evident comparison for Zeng works as a historian while Su works as a governor.


Abstract The tension in contemporary constitutional theory between legal and political constitutionalism has distracted constitutional theorists from the broader implications of constitutionalism beyond Western liberal democracies. Examining the experiences of constitutionalism in Southeast Asia, and taking cognisance of particular events extending up to the end of May 2010 in Thailand, this article seeks to expose these theoretical shortcomings. It aims to reconcile an empirical, political-sociological understanding of constitutionalism with its normative, power-constraining ideals by invoking the idea of a constitutional tipping point—a posited point in the development of a constitutional order at which the political struggle for constitutionalism rapidly gives way to an entrenched constitutional culture and the constitution takes on a normative life of its own. This heuristic device reveals the dynamic nature of constitutionalism and the social and political conditions needed to sustain a constitutional transformation capable of holding power to account through law. Constitutional theory needs to be reimagined and reframed, not only for it to have some relevance for constitutionalism in Southeast Asia but also to account for the social and political foundations of constitutionalism in more stable, established constitutional orders as well.


Rubella is a worldwide contagious disease caused by Rubella virus. It spreads not only in the tropical area but also in sub-tropics. It is also well-known as non-fatal disease, however in certain cases it can be very dangerous. Pregnant women who are infected by Rubella have a high risk for their fetus development. Babies will be born with the risk of birth defects which is known as an infant with Congenital Syndrome Rubella (CRS) or even death. This study aims to construct and to analyse a disease spread model of Rubella by considering a vaccination scheme as a control. SEIR-V mathematics model has been constructed and two critical points has been obtained, namely the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. Eigenvalues from the linearization process through the Jacobi matrix produce a threshold value of the disease spread or basic reproduction number (Ro). By using the chosen parameter, the case of Ro less than 1 has been determined and it shows that a disease-free equilibrium is exist and stable. Meanwhile the case of Ro greater than 1, a stable endemic equilibrium is obtained. This condition leads to the pitchfork bifurcation. In this study numerical simulations are performed to confirm the results of analytical calculations.


The main purpose of this paper is to obtain mathematical functions of the propeller thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations at non-uniform flow. Two types of inflow wakes from Seiun-Maru ship and INSEAN 7000 DWT Tanker are investigated for the B-series propeller. The computed results include the thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations and their mathematical functions under the influence of two different wakes for one blade and all blades of the studied propellers. To this accomplishment, variation of thrusts and torques coefficients under different pitch ratio, expanded area ratio and number of blades are investigated using classical mathematical methods in one cycle and the Fourier coefficients with ten terms are presented for each case. The results of thrust and torque coefficients at different propeller geometries are presented and discussed.


Objective: To establish a method to classify and identify cuscuta and its mixed medicinal materials belonging to the same genus.Methods: A combination of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and mwPLS was applied for band selection and principal component analysis(PCA);near-infrared spectroscopy results were compared with HPLC fingerprint.Results: The selected optimal bands were 5998~6553 cm-1 and 7000~7556 cm-1;PCA classified three different cuscuta with an accuracy rate of 93%;the results of near-infrared spectroscopy analysis and HPLC fingerprint were consistent.Conclusions: The use of near-infrared spectroscopy to identify Cuscuta chinensis,C.australis and C.japonica choisy is feasible.


We noted that stating objectives in behavioral terms does not of itself validate or invalidate the objectives. We asserted that the writing of behavioral objectives facilitates the evaluation of specific learning goals and the selection of teaching strategies to reach those goals. This article is an attempt to state more explicitly and comprehensively the implications of writing behavioral objectives for choosing teaching strategies and for individualizing instruction.


This issue opens with a Profile by Michael Greenberg and Karen Lowrie of George Apostolakis, a long-time thought leader, scholar, teacher, and practitioner in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and its applications to nuclear safety. George's life in risk analysis illustrates well how a mix of hard and soft skills—combining excellent technical work in PRA with excellent judgment about which battles to fight when, and how to collaborate productively instead of fighting—can be most effective in making quantitative risk analysis methods used and useful in high-stakes societal decisionmaking about how and whether risky but beneficial technologies are used and managed successfully.


Modernization of economy, course to the innovational model of development objectively assumes increasing role of small and medium business, because only increasing number of small and medium companies, especially innovationally-active, may lead to the built and developed market economy. In the article experience of support of small and medium business in countries with developed economy is discussed. The most important conclusions regarding possibility of implementation of some of them in Russian Federation which can be most adequately correlated with Russian reality with the goal of increasing production of small and medium innovation companies in the GDP structure.


The invention discloses a method for artificially culturing seawater anucleate pearl. The method comprises the following steps: taking out the mantle epithelium of a healthy nacre, removing the skirt band part, digesting the mantle epithelium in protease solution, then adding the culture solution with shell blood serum to stop the digestion, culturing the culture solution containing shell tissue fluid and a property amount of penicillin and streptomycin in a sterile environment for 5 to 30 hours, then injecting the cell suspension into a pearl breeding shell body, and putting the pearl breeding shell body in the seawater for suspended culture or into a culture pond box for feeding after a recreation period. The method has little damage to the pearl breeding shell, a high survival rate and a high pearl formation rate. The cultured pearl is suitable for medicinal use. The method has convenient operation and low cost.


The rollout of AUKUS represents a tectonic shift in the geopolitical rivalry between China and other Indo-Pacific nations. The coming together of three major democratic countries in a strategic technology pact to counter the authoritarian China in the Indo-Pacific could not have come at a more opportune time for India, which is facing increasing Chinese hostility on its northern land borders and strategic encirclement in South Asia and the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). This article discusses AUKUS's potential impacts on India and examines India's Indo-Pacific strategy, its participation in the Quad, and its naval strategy. I argue that, on balance, AUKUS's benefits for India far outweigh its costs.


The germs of macrophytes were exposed in a ring channel at 0.073 m/s, 0.085 m water level and natural daylight for 52 h in tap water whose phosphorus concentration had been increased with KH2PO4 to 0.325 mg/1 P. After 4, 28 and 52 h the phosphorus concentrations in water and in dry matter were determined and the relative phosphorus elimination and incorporation, as referred to the concentrations in water and in dry matter prior to the test, were calculated in 0/0. Within 52 h the following increases of the internal phosphorus pool resulted (in %): Ranunculus aquatilis April 141, Potamogeton crispus May 178, P. natans June 139, Callitriche polymorpha June 128, Ranunculus aquatilis August 118, Elodea canadensis September 124. The phosphorus uptake behaves thus parallel to the gas-metabolism-physiological activity and the subsequently made differentiation into species which are active in spring, summer and autumn. Therefore, weed removals from waters should be done at the date of the species-specific activity maximum, since the then obtained biomass with 3… 9 kg/t P in the dry matter guarantees a maximum phosphorus elimination from the water.


We reported a case of removing a remnant sewing needle without cardiac arrest from the posterior pericardial cavity after open‐heart surgery for a 17‐year‐old male patient with atrial septal defect.


Abstract: This paper describes the evaluation approach, techniques, and instruments adopted during the first two years of a three-year multicultural/antiracist educational leadership program carried out in six different school boards in four Canadian provinces involving approximately 200 secondary students. The purpose of the evaluation during these first two years was primarily to assist the program coordinators, teachers, and students to plan effectively, monitor progress, and fine-tune their training programs in order to more successfully achieve their objectives.


Refined field pea (Pisum sativum L.) starches were prepared from air-classified pea starch by washing or from whole pea by wet milling, and analyzed for their physicochemical and pasting characteristics in the presence of alkali and borax. Commercial corn and high amylose corn starches were included in the study for comparative purposes. The two pea starches exhibited similar physicochemical characteristics. Amylose content markedly influenced pasting and other characteristics of the corn starches. Pea starch and high amylose corn starch exhibited little viscosity development during pasting in deionized water. The presence of alkali or borax significantly altered the peak viscosities and cold paste stabilities of all four starches in a concentration dependent manner. Alkali and borax increased peak and cold paste viscosity and reduced syneresis in all cases.


metre-high walls but not subjected to epigraphic survey until 1982). Aspects of more familiar sites such as Memphis (its temple of Ptah, and location of the Aten temple) and Saqqara (sacred animal temples) focus interest. The great value of these papers is that they were invited (not volunteered) with a view to adding knowledge from recent results and interpretations; here the editor, Dr Stephen Quirke, has been extremely successful. The final paper, by Professor John Baines, on 'Temples as symbols, guarantors and participants in Egyptian civilization', then draws the volume together in a comprehensive review of the role of the temple across Egyptian history.


Fatigue behaviour studies on composite structures are often conducted on flat specimens using an uniaxial test. In order to model a real stress field we have developed a test on tubes which avoids the free-edge effects and allows modifications of the loading mode: tension, torsion, compression. We developed a non destructive method to characterize the crack density in each ply without removing the specimen. By combining this micromechanic approach and the mechanical following of the stiffness losses, we can determine the parameters D2 and D6 of the damaged ply. To achieve this theoretical modelling, we propose a generalised model of stress transfer by shear where stiffness and thickness of the different layers can be different


The paper presents the findings of the studies dedicated to estimation of adaptive reactions of the hemostatic system to physical exercise, conducted in the Applied Research Center of Physical Education and Healthy Lifestyle at Mordovia State Pedagogical Institute named after M.E. Evsev'ev. The study involved students of the Faculty of Physical Culture. The effect of one-time physical load on the activity of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, fibrinolytic and adsorptive abilities of the latter was studied before and after a 20-minute high intensity cycle ergometry exercise. Two types of response of red blood cells to physical activity were detected. The first one was characterized by the increased concentration of plasminogen activators in red blood cells and active plasmin with an adequate decrease in the concentration of profibrinolysin. The second type of response was presented by the lack of the response of activation of fibrinolytic activity with a tendency to increase of the antiplasmin concentration. The findings confirmed the assumption that primary changes in a state of immediate adaptation occur at the level of cell membranes, including by the modification of the lipid bilayer structure at changes in lipid peroxidation processes. A linear correlation was traced between the changes in the fibrinolytic activity of erythrocytes during physical exercise and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in erythrocytes. The fibrinolytic activity of red blood cells increases with a decrease in the malondialdehyde level in them.


The expectancy systems produced by experience usually operate correctly but occasionally produce incorrect responses; for example, routine errors can occur in expert functioning. This paper presents research which attempts to examine driving activity to reveal the potentially negative effects resulting from an intensive use of a process incorporating a cognitive component. Road accidents were studied to reveal this potential source of error, 'over-experience'. A sample of accident cases involving over-experienced drivers was analysed, to identify the different types of error that can be produced in this way, and identify the types of situation where these negative effects become a reality. Accidents involving experienced drivers were selected from the 500 cases in the INRETS-MA in-depth database. Several specific types of failure of driving behaviour were found for crossing an intersection without or with right of way, driving through bends, and car following. The study's second stage was the development of an experimental device, using a maze, to investigate more systematically the influence of over-experience in the cognitive processes previously identified as defective. It was used to 'reproduce' some of the basic components found in driving, while being able to manipulate experience artificially. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896859.


The results of studying 5 – 6 year old children's physical state in the process of conducting forming experiment are presented in the article. 276 children aged 5 – 6 years took part in the experiment (experimental and control groups consisted of 138 people). According to the results of the conducted ascertaining experiment a « low » level of children's physical state has been determined. It was found out that after application of physical education using innovative technologies of track and field means, the indices of preschoolers' in experimental groups have statistically reliable changes, as a result the level of their physical state has improved to the index « above average » . Conducted researches indicate positive influence of the elaborated methodology on preschoolers' physical state.