Lactate (lactic acid) is an end product of glycolysis and cell anaerobic metabolism indicator. Reducing oxygen delivery to the cells leads to increased lactate production and blood concentration. Blood lactate concentration is usually measured to monitor tissue hypoxia and to assess oxygen transport efficacy in critically ill patients (with severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress - syndrome, shock, etc.) Change in the blood lactate level could also indicate training intensity and post - exertional recovery and allows increase in peak work rate and endurance, individual training schedule, prevention physical overload and sport injuries. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a complex mixture under influence both of respiratory pathology and environmental factors. Key metabolites concentration in EBC including lactate is much lower than that in the blood. This provides a need in novel diagnostic methods including biosensors with high stability, sensitivity and selectivity. Recently, biosensors are the leading methods in this field so as substrate specificity of lactate dehydrogenase underlying biosensor technique allows direct measurement in a biological sample without previous handling. Biosensors based on ferric ferrocyanide as an electrocatalizator have been developed in the M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University; they have maximal selectivity for lactate and other markers exceeding that of platina - based biosensors used worldwide.


Subproject I: National Congress: Funding will be provided for consulting services, training, refurbishment and expansion of the present building, and equipment and systems, to support the congressional authorities in implementing their institutional modern


On October 4, 2018, the professor, doctor, and scientist Mogens Lesner Glass died at his home in Ribeirão Preto, Southeastern Brazil, after a prolonged illness. Mogens had retired a few years earlier from a full professor position in the Department of Physiology at Universidade de São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto. He provided important contributions to comparative respiratory physiology and trained a number of excellent students in Brazil, many of whom are now leading researchers at various universities in Southeastern Brazil. His role as a mentor and his work has, and will continue to have, a lasting impact on the study of comparative physiology in Brazil. (Figure 1)


Mediterranean maquis ecosystem is the most important habitat for herbivores and livestock. But forage value of the Medirerranean shrubs varies considerably. Plants possess a variety of flavour and nutritional qualities as well as toxins. Juniperus species, as J. oxycedrus L. and J. phoenice L., are one of the dominant shrubs of Mediterranean maquis and posses a large amount of essential oils. Terpenes and terpenoids are the primary constituents of the 'essential oils' of many species of plant. Herbivores limit intake of plant to minimize the potentiall toxic effect of terpenes. In our experiments, total content of essential oils in shrubs of J. phoenicea was approximately two times higher than in shrubs of J. oxycedrus. We conducted two experiments (5 days each) comparing intake of tested shrubs individually and in combination with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.). In both experiments, goats consumed more total shrubs (P<0.01) when fed in conjunction with fennel. In these experiments, total intake of shrubs for both Juniperus species was different. Namely, goats consumed 10 times more J. oxycedrus then J. phoenicea in tested groups and 26 times more in controled ones. Our conclusion is that fennel has positive effect on consumption of terpenes-rich shrubs. However, space diversity, flavor, nutrients and toxins may affect shrubs intake and production. This knowledge will help in better understanding phytocemical interaction between plants and herbivores.


It is now over a year since the declaration of the Uluru Statement From the Heart (the 'Uluru Statement'). Following an exhaustive series of dialogues with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community throughout Australia, the Uluru Statement offers an Indigenous-led legal, political, and cultural solution for bringing together Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians within our system of governance. Its three pillars are Voice, treaty, and truth-telling.
In this comment we provide an overview of the Uluru Statement and its importance in Australia's legal landscape. We do so as a background to our key contention that the Uluru Statement is a central pillar in a truly pluralistic Australian public law. Regardless of its political reception — at the time of writing the Australian government has rejected it out of hand — the Uluru Statement represents a milestone of Australian law offering a vital opportunity to integrate Indigenous law into an otherwise settler legal system.


A Study of the Relationship between Granulocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio and Dysmenorrhea, History of Gynecological Disease, Heart Rate Variability in Some Young Women Su-Jeong Heo 1 , Suk-Woo Jang 1 , Ji-Young Kim 2 , Hyun-Ju Cho 1 1 Dept. of OB & GY, Je-In Oriental Hospital 2 Dept. of Neuropsychiatry, Je-In Oriental Hospital Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and dysmenorrhea, history of gynecological disease, heart rate varibility(HRV). Methods: From May 1st 2011 to July 10th 2011, a total of 40 female subjects (age 20-39) were recruited. We evaluated the menstruation condition by questionnaires including VAS(Visual Analog Scale), VRS(Verbal Rating Scale) and MVRS (Multidimensional Verbal Rating Scale), also measured subject's WBC differential count and HRV. Results: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio according to menstruation cycle, duration, amount, color, and blood clot. 2. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS, VRS, MVRS mean scores between normal group and abnormal group according to granulocyte/ lymphocyte ratio. 3. The past prevalence of gynecological disease of abnormal group showed significantly higher compared with that of normal group(χ=6.578, p=0.010). 4. LF/HF ratio and granulocyte ratio significantly showed positive correlation (rs=0.311 p=0.048) and LF/HF ratio and lymphocyte ratio significantly showed negative correlation(rs=-0.319 p=0.045). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the gynecologic diseases are related to disorder of autonomic nervous system, but not dysmenorrhea. And the balance state of sympathetic/parasympathetic nerve infered through granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV seems to be consistent. However, reconfirmation through further studies is needed.


Peptides identified by the PD method against a film surface composed of azobenzene‐containing synthetic polymers were characterized by QCM measurements. Among the four peptides analyzed, the c16 peptide with the sequence Trp‐His‐Thr‐Leu‐Pro‐Asn‐Ala showed the highest binding affinity to the films rich in cis‐azobenzene groups. SPR served to determine the association/dissociation constants of the c16 peptide against the trans‐ and cis‐azobenzene groups. The binding constants were estimated to be 1.3 × 105 and 1.4 × 106/M, respectively, indicating a high specificity of the c16 peptide for cis‐azobenzene conformer. Then mutants of the c16 peptide were synthesized and characterized to gain information on the structural requirements for the cis‐form specificity. An Ala‐scan clearly revealed that all the amino acid residues of the c16 peptide were essential for the specificity. More importantly, the results with peptides of inverted sequence and containing Gly insertions confirmed that the specificity is strictly derived from the primary sequence of the c16 peptide. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this study, an analysis was conducted by using discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) and support vector machine (SVM) methods to determine undamaged and cracked plates. The pendulum was used to land equal impacts on plates in this experimental study. Sounds, which emerge from plates as a result of the impacts applied to undamaged and cracked plates, are sound signals used in the analysis and DWPT of these sound signals were obtained with 128 decompositions for feature extraction. The first four components, reflecting the characteristics of undamaged and cracked plates within these 128 components, were selected for enhancing the performance of the classifier and energy values were used as feature vectors. In the study, the SVM model was created by selecting appropriate C and γ parameters for the classifier. Undamaged and cracked plates were seen to be successfully identified by an analysis of the training and testing phases. Undamaged and cracked statuses of the plates that are undamaged and have the analysis had identified different cracks. The biggest advantage of this analysis method used is that it is high-precision, is relatively low in cost regarding experimental equipment and requires hardware.


ABSTRACT:This article presents a novel wage inequality decomposition to analyze the impact of the gender wage gap on overall wage inequality. The decomposition determines the maximum relative wage between genders allowed before it begins to increase total inequality. In addition, I present a structural model of the labor market to evaluate the impact of establishing restrictions on intra-occupational gender pay gaps within each firm. Specifically, I introduce a restriction in which the average wage of one gender cannot exceed α times the average wage of the other gender. For α = 2, the model predicts a 10 percent wage inequality reduction. However, with a tighter restriction of α = 1, the inequality reduction dissipates and reverses into a wage inequality increase.


Machine Learning has an important role in extraction of useful information out of sextillion bytes of data collected per day. The focus of machine learning is the development of computer programs that can access data and use it to learn for themselves. In some applications the goal of machine learning is to identify patterns by analyzing them (for e.g. in image recognisition, surveillance); while in others the aim is to take actions based upon input data (for e.g. in robotics, self-driving cars). For many of such applications embedded systems are used over cloud due to latency, privacy, and security concerns. Also using machine learning with embedded system creates a problem of restricted memory and processor speed. Although the required memory and processing speed can be met with high performance hardware but still time, space, cost, security, privacy and power consumption create a challenge in implementing machine learning in embedded system. In this paper it is being discussed about these challenges and how these challenges can be addressed using various techniques.


The liquid-based deposition of particles onto hydrophobic silicon surfaces was investigated by exposing hydrophobic silicon wafers to sample contaminants in a stirred deionized water bath. Wafers were rendered hydrophobic by exposure to dilute hydrofluoric acid, and a goniometer was employed to monitor wafer contact angles. As has been observed in the past for hydrophilic wafers, the zeta potential recorded for the test particle had a significant impact on the deposition resulting on the hydrophobic silicon surfaces. This suggests that, despite treatment with HF and an overall hydrophobic surface behavior, regions remain on the wafer surface which are ionizable in aqueous solutions.The behavior of the silicon test wafers used in these studies is consistent with the presence of a negative zeta potential at the hydrophobic silicon surface. In contrast to the deposition seen on hydrophilic wafers, however, deposition onto hydrophobic silicon is frequently nonuniform.Additionally, Auger analysis indicates tha...


An implant for the stabilization of bones or vertebrae is provided, the implant (1) being a solid body comprising a longitudinal axis (L) that defines a longitudinal direction and comprising a flexible section that has a surface and has a length (1) in the longitudinal direction; wherein the flexible section comprises at least one cavity (12) located near the surface and having a width (w) in the longitudinal direction that is smaller than the length of the flexible section, wherein the at least one cavity is connected to the surface through at least one slit (400) and wherein a width (ws) of the slit in the longitudinal direction is smaller than the width (w) of the cavity.


Systemic polyarteritis nodosa usually involves multiple organs including the kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, skin and mesentery, but rarely involves the breast.(1-3) Only 11 cases of systemic or localized polyarteritis involving the breast have been reported in English literature to date. Two cases of localized polyarteritis nodosa of the breast have been reported in Korea.(3, 4) Of the 13 reported cases, 8 were systemic and 5 were localized. Localized polyarteritis nodosa has shown a much better prognosis than systemic ones.(5) We report a case of localized polyarteritis nodosa in a 69-yr-old woman with no systemic symptoms and review previously reported cases of vasculitis of the breast. CASE


The dyeing properties and fastness of several disperse azo dyes, prepared from the o- and m-substituted p-nitroani-lines as diazo components and N-ethyl-N-cyanocthylanilinc and -o-anisidine as coupling components, have been studied in order to get an idea of the substitutional effect on dyeing properties.


This study investigated the multimodal resources of some political campaign ads for the 2019 general elections in Nigeria with the purpose of analyzing their appeal strategies. The objectives were to: examine the several communicative elements of the 2019 elections campaign advertisements as pieces of discourse as well as apply the analytical tool of Discourse Analysis to establish the appeal strategies adopted to achieve some political objectives. Data for this study were drawn from newspaper advertisements in three national dailies: the Punch, the DailySun and the Vanguard. The newspapers were published between December 2018 and February 2019. Six advertisements were purposively selected for this study owing to the several rhetorical appeals in them. The analysis of data was based on discourse multimodal analysis approach. The analysis showed that the multimodal resources of the ads, which were socio-culturally grounded, were analyzed under the broad themes of appeal to performance, appeal to endorsement and appeal to freedom which were the major tropes in the ads. In conclusion, it was implied in the study that the multimodality study is an important part of political expression generally and in Nigeria specifically, mere looking at the fact that the semiotic resources deployed in political campaign ads on newspapers convey uncommon yet compelling and significant political meanings and messages about politicians and so on.


ABSTRACT Methods of predicting the cyclic undrained strengths of normally consolidated saturated reconstituted sand subjected to irregular loadings from those subjected to uniform loadings are discussed based on the results of torsional shear tests on hollow cylindrical specimens of two kinds of sands. Two time histories of acceleration at the ground surface during earthquakes were used as input irregular loading patterns. A new method to account for the difference in liquefaction strength between uniform and irregular loadings is proposed. In this method, the liquefaction strength against uniform loading is represented by the critical number of loading cycles (Nc)cr. (Nc)cr is defined as the number of loading cycles at which the strength curve representing the relationship between the cyclic stress ratio and the logarithm of the number of cycles Nc to liquefaction has the maximum curvature. It was found that the liquefaction strength against a given irregular loading pattern represented by the maximum single amplitude of cyclic shear stress is a linear function of the logarithm of (Nc)cr, whereas the slope depends on the wave form. Furthermore, the cumulative damage concept was found useful to predict whether or not a given sand element fails against a given time history of cyclic shear stress series when the strength curve for uniform loadings is given for this element.


The existing cognitive network can't work together with licensed (primary) users' network at the same frequency-time domain, and secondary users (SUs) of cognitive network only wait the frequency band occupied by primary users (PUs) to be free. To solve the problem, this paper proposed a spatial coding approach for MIMO cognitive network, where a MIMO base-station with six antennas provides three different spatial codes for three users such as one PU and two SUs, then the SUs can share the bandwidth of PUs. The spatial codes' design for encoding and decoding vectors is provided. Simulation results verify the proposed approach.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop pass- shoot training guide through audio visual media. The research of pass shoot training, refer to the development model (research and development) Borg dan Gall (1983:775). The expected product specification is a video about the technic of passing and shooting basketball is: 1)background research, 2) understanding of passing, 3)understanding of shooting, 4) video passing and shooting training contains 14 training model. Based on the test results obtained a percentage of 87.75% belong to the category of very valid and Large groups of test obtained a percentage of 87.54% classified as very valid category that basketball pass-shoot training guides audio visual media can be used. Keywords: development research, audio visual media, basketball, passshot training.


Examining the ways in which concubines appear in the narrative of the Tankah reveals how this new belief system struggled to incorporate foreign ideas while simultanously rejecting them. Foreign mythic or cultural constructs are incorporated into Jewish mythology and/or rejected as illustrated in the fate of the concubines, revealing sexuality as a metaphor for the coming together of disparate themes.


The title compound, C50H44, is a derivative of rubrene in which tert-butyl side groups are added to two of the pendant aromatic rings. The complete molecule is generated by a mirror plane, and the unsubstituted and substituted pendant aromatic rings are almost perpendicular to the main backbone of the molecule, which is essentially planar.


The raven is quite familiar to people in the world from the ancient to the present.Influenced by different historical periods and cultures,the image of raven is defined with various meanings.With social advancement,it is proposed in this paper that raven should be interpreted scientifically.


The US Windpower 56--100 is a three-bladed, free yaw wind turbine, using full span blade pitch control for power regulation. It is theoretically possible to increase the energy capture of the 56--100 by adjusting the blade angle to the optimum pitch angle on a continuing basis at below rated speeds. This concept was field tested on the 56--100, but it was found that the optimum pitch control logic opens a pathway for the 56--100 to fall into stall operation when the winds are above the rated wind speed. The 56--100 then operates as a stall-regulated wind turbine with an overall reduction of energy capture and an increase in system loads.


As Th1 and Th2 cytokines, IFN- g / a and IL-4 counterregulate diverse immune functions. In particular, IFN- g and IFN- a have been reported to markedly suppress the IL-4-induced IgE production and type II IgE receptor (Fc e RII/CD23) expression. Because modulation of IL-4R may be an important mechanism in the regulation of IL-4 response, we have investigated the effect of IFN- g / a on IL-4R expression and signal transduction mechanisms involved in this process. In human mononuclear cells and B cells isolated from tonsil or peripheral blood, IL-4 up-regulates IL-4R( a ) expression at surface protein and mRNA levels, and the IL-4-induced IL-4R( a ) is significantly down-regulated by both IFN- g and IFN- a to a similar extent. The inhibitory effects of IFN- g / a on the IL-4R mRNA expression require a lag period of about 8 h, and are sensitive to cycloheximide treatment, which suggests that the suppressive effect of IFNs on IL-4R gene expression is a secondary response requiring de novo synthesis of IFN-induced factors. Under such conditions that the inhibitory effects of IFNs are observed, IFNs do not affect the IL-4-induced STAT6 activation and IL-4R transcription, as analyzed by EMSA and nuclear run-on assays, respectively. Subsequently, mRNA stability studies have indicated that the action of IFN- g / a is primarily mediated by an accelerated decay of IL-4-induced IL-4R mRNA. Thus, it appears that, as already shown in the case of the IL-4-induced Fc e RII regulation, posttranscriptional inhibition of IL-4-inducible genes by mRNA destabilization is a common mechanism by which type I and II IFNs antagonize the IL-4 response in human immune cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 5472–5479.


The invention relates to a method for an enhanced failure localization in an optical data transmission network, wherein the optical data transmission network comprises at least a first router node and a second router node, wherein the optical data transmission network further comprises at least one optical data transmission line connecting the first router node with the second router node providing optical data transmission using a wavelength division multiplex (WDM) scheme or a dense wavelength division multiplex (DWDM) scheme, wherein the optical data transmission network comprises a multitude of amplifier nodes arranged in series along the optical data transmission line between the first router node and the second router node, wherein the optical data transmission network comprises at least one failure localization module, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
-- in a first step, at least in case of a failure of the optical data transmission line detected between the first router node and the second router node, first probing request messages are sent in the direction from the first router node to the multitude of amplifier nodes and second probing request messages are sent in the direction from the second router node to the multitude of amplifier nodes,
-- in a second step, subsequent to the first step, the first router node receives first probing acknowledgement messages from at least part of the multitude of amplifier nodes and the second router node receives second probing acknowledgement messages from at least part of the multitude of amplifier nodes,
-- in a third step, subsequent to the second step, the content of the first and second probing acknowledgement messages received is compared and it is concluded where along the optical data transmission line the failure is located and whether the failure of the optical data transmission line is due to a break of the optical data transmission line or due to a failure of an amplifier node along the optical data transmission line.


Abstract Soviet rule was established in Estonia by late autumn 1944. By that time only two historians with a PhD degree from the University of Tartu remained in the country, one of whom was Professor Hans Kruus. Until World War II, neither of the two had published any work that interpreted history from the viewpoint of Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist ideology. Thus, as far as Estonia was concerned, this type of ideologically based reinterpretation of the past did not exist, and had to be organized from scratch. The main aim of this article is to examine Estonian historians' dependence on the official Soviet interpretation of history after 1945 and during the early 1950s. How were they guided and controlled through the Stalin era, i.e. until 1953? What happened in this respect between Stalin's death and the XX CPSU Congress at the beginning of 1956? And how did the results of that Congress influence later writing of history? The article also examines the possibilities for opposition among professional historians to the official Party interpretation of history. In what context did this opposition arise, how did it manifest itself, and in what ways might it possibly have influenced Soviet Estonian society?


The employment of contrast agents in photoacoustic imaging has gained significant attention within the past few years for their biomedical applications. In this study, the use of silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (SPION) was investigated as a contrast agent in biomedical photoacoustic imaging. SPIONs have been widely used as Food-and-Drug-Administration (FDA)-approved contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and are known to have an excellent safety profile. Using our frequency-domain photoacoustic correlation technique ("the photoacoustic radar") with modulated laser excitation, we examined the effects of nanoparticle size, concentration and biological medium (e.g. serum, sheep blood) on its photoacoustic response in turbid media (intralipid solution). Maximum detection depth and minimum measurable SPION concentration were determined experimentally. The detection was performed using a single element transducer. The nanoparticle-induced optical contrast ex vivo in dense muscular tissues (avian pectus) was evaluated using a phased array photoacoustic probe and the strong potential of silicacoated SPION as a possible photoacoustic contrast agent was demonstrated. This study opens the way for future clinical applications of nanoparticle-enhanced photoacoustic imaging in cancer therapy.


With frequent extreme rainfall events caused by rapid changes in the global climate, many cities are threatened by urban flooding. Timely issuance of flood warnings can help prepare for disasters and minimize losses caused by floods. In this study, we propose a method based on a convolutional neural network-bidirectional long short-term memory-difference analysis (CNN-BiLSTM-DA) model for water level prediction analysis and flood warning. The method calculates and analyzes the difference sequence between water level monitoring values and water level prediction values, compares historical flood data to determine the alarm threshold for abnormal water level data, and achieves real-time flood warnings to provide technical references for flood prevention and mitigation. Taking Yancheng city, a low-lying city located in the plain area of Jiangsu Province in China, as an example, this study verifies the accuracy of the CNN-BiLSTM model in water level prediction, which can achieve an accuracy rate above 95%. This provides a reliable data basis for further determination of warning thresholds using the DA model. The CNN-BiLSTM-DA model achieves an accuracy rate of 85.71% in flood warnings without any missed reports, demonstrating that this method has scientific, practical, and accurate features in addressing flood warning issues.


Cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.) is an emerging source of bioactive compounds, revealed to possess anti-cancer potential by several reports. Herein, we aimed to investigate the antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of chloroform soluble (TCC) along with its 11 fractions (TCC1-11) obtained following the methanolic maceration of cocoa pod husk. Firstly, air-dried simplicial powder of cocoa pod husk was macerated using methanol and subsequently partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone. The insoluble part was then hydrolyzed with HCl (6%) and followed by further separation using chloroform yielding TCC (0.712 g; 0.93% w/w). Fractionation was further carried out using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents with an elution gradient system. TCC was revealed to have cytotoxicity against A. salina with LC50 equals to 105.04 mg/L, and the LC50s of its fractions ranged from 1.42 to 10.67 mg/L. Based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of TCC, the IC50 was obtained as low as 4.56 mg/L. Relatively less potent antioxidant activities were shown by the TCC1-11, where the IC50s were ranged from 284.478 to 37.909 mg/L. The highest anticancer potential was TCC10 (LC50 = 1.42 mg/L). With such anti-cancer potential, more investigations on the TCC and its fraction are required to determine the phytocompound profiles as well as the anti-cancer mechanism.


Recent research has challenged the long-term viability of traditional competitive strategies, primarily from environmental and ecological points of view and has sought to bridge the gap between these ostensibly contradictory perspectives. This paper builds on previous work by considering the notion of sustainable strategic management (SSM) in emerging economies. Emerging countries can harbour crisis threats that impede efforts toward sustainability. Effective management of the environmental, economic and social responsibility issues is critical to the success of any SSM plan. These functional areas are at the core of any society's existence and must be monitored and managed for any sustainability efforts to be successful. Two disparate cases – Chile and Poland – are discussed to illustrate the significance and difficulty of implementing SSM efforts in emerging economies. Implications and directions for future research are presented.


With the rapid development of industrial production and improvement of living conditions,environmental pollution brought about by emissions of atmospheric pollutants has been an increasingly concerning problem across the world.To enhance the performance of cyclone dust collectors commonly used in medium-and small-scale industrial plants,a cyclone dust collector was retrofitted into an electrostatic cyclone(ESC) by adding a high-voltage electrostatic field in the cyclone body.In this presentation,experimental investigations were conducted using three different types of discharge electrodes in an ESC.The voltage-current characteristics and the effects of the discharge-electrode configurations on collection efficiency,fractional collection efficiency and pressure drop were investigated and compared,in order to find a better discharge electrode for ESCs.One of the discharge electrodes showed prominent excellence in the augmentation of collection efficiency while decreasing pressure loss,thus boasting a promising future and great application potential.


Multimodal behavior involves multiple processing stations distributed across distant brain regions, but our understanding of how such distributed processing is coordinated in the brain is limited. Here we take a decoding approach to this problem, aiming to quantify how temporal aspects of brain-wide neural activity may be used to infer specific multimodal behaviors. Using high temporal resolution measurements by MEG, we detect bursts of activity from hundreds of locations across the surface of the brain at millisecond resolution. We then compare decoding using three characteristics of neural activity bursts, decoding with event counts, with latencies and with time differences between pairs of events. Training decoders in this regime is particularly challenging because the number of samples is smaller by orders of magnitude than the input dimensionality. We develop a new decoding approach for this regime that combines non-parametric modelling with aggressive feature selection. Surprisingly, we find that decoding using time-differences, based on thousands of region pairs, is significantly more accurate than using other activity characteristics, reaching 90% accuracy consistently across subjects. These results suggest that relevant information about multimodal brain function is provided by subtle time differences across remote brain areas.


Summary Among the six sympatric swan and goose species wintering in the Yangtze River floodplain, only Greylag Goose Anser anser and Bean Goose A. fabalis showed increasing population trends in the last 20 years. Until now, almost nothing was known about the Greylag Geese breeding on the eastern Mongolian Plateau, which we now know mostly winter in the Yangtze River floodplain. We applied GPS transmitters to 20 Greylag Geese in the Yangtze River floodplain and eastern Mongolia, providing complete tracks of their movements in summer, winter, spring and autumn (n = 6, 8, 8, 7). We overlaid these locations on GIS layers of habitat type and national-level protected areas, and modelled their habitat selection. Geese summered in Dauria Region, Huihe National Nature Reserve, and Wulagai Wetlands (from where 55% of GPS fixes were located in protected areas), wintered in Poyang Lake, Longgan Lake, and Anqing Lakes (43%), and staged around Bohai Bay, Xila Mulun River, and Wulagai Wetlands (spring, 48%; autumn, 45%). Geese mainly used natural ecosystems in summer (essentially grasslands and wetlands/water bodies), but in the other three seasons, used croplands between 17% (spring) and 46% (winter) of the time, with most of the rest of the time spent on wetlands/water bodies. Geese were frequently associated with wetlands and areas close to lakes/wetlands in all seasons, and cropland during winter and spring/autumn migration. These results suggest Greylag Geese in this biogeographical sub-population have increasingly shifted to feeding in croplands during the non-breeding season and enjoy the benefit of using protected areas throughout the year. We infer that these factors could have potentially contributed to elevated survival and reproductive success (relatively high among sampled flocks in recent years) which could explain the favourable conservation status of this population of Greylag Geese in recent years compared to other sympatric wintering goose and swan species.


Biometric system is useful for a pattern recognition system which makes a personal identification. Unimodal biometrics uses single evidence for identity e.g., gait, signature etc. There are some disadvantages faced by unimodal biometrics (such as accuracy, performance improvement etc.). So multimodal biometrics is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of unimodal biometrics. Multimodal biometrics uses multiple evidences e.g., palm print, knuckle print etc. This project proposes a multimodal biometric identification system based on inner knuckle print and palm print features of the human hand. The hand image is captured using digital camera. It is then pre-processed to get Region of Interest (ROI) of palm and knuckle. Palm print features are extracted from palm region using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) algorithm. The HOG algorithm is used because it exhibits the local object appearance and shape within an image. Also it can be used in the case of mehandi designs in the hand. Similarly the features from knuckle will be extracted using RIDGELET transform. It gives the efficient features in the ridges. Different features are extracted from palm print and inner knuckle print and these features are combined by using efficient fusion scheme i.e.) Discriminant Correlation Analysis (DCA) algorithm. And the final decision is taken by efficient classification module.


Abstract : The book discusses basic questions of the theory of the flight of controlled and unguided rockets of different assignment and the influence of their design and construction on conditions of flight. Consideration is given to the following forces and moments having an effect on the rocket in flight: tractive force (thrust), force of weight, control forces and moments, aerodynamic drag. The theoretical and experimental determination of aerodynamic coefficients is described, as well as the character of their change in the process of flight depending upon altitude and meteorological factors. The phenomena accompanying the flight at great heights and the phenomenon of aerodynamic heating are discussed. The basic positions of the theory of rocket flight are examined. Fundamental information is given on the formulation of equations of motion and the calculation of characteristics of trajectories of the flight of controlled and unguided rockets of different assignment. The concept on the establishment of optimum conditions of motion and the calculation of trajectories according to data of radar observations are discussed. Different methods of stabilizing rockets in flight and factors affecting the deviation of the rocket from the calculated trajectory are investigated. The causes of dispersion during firing by the rockets and the methods of decreasing the dispersion are explained.


ALL writers on pulmonary disease are agreed that bronchiectasis is a pathological condition of which the progress is only delayed by intermittent palliative measures. As is stated by Powell and Hartley, " Bronchiectasis, owing to its anatomical characters, is not a disease from which we may expect recovery. At the best, all that we may hope for is that by preventing decomposition of the sputum, we may be able to arrest its further progress. In nearly all cases, in spite of treatment, the disease gradually advances, although its duration varies much in different individuals, in some cases being exceedingly chronic, in others running a comparatively acute course." It is for this reason that attempts have been made by operative measures to arrest or to eradicate the disease. Necessarily, operations upon individuals who have been for some considerable period subjected to the results of chronic infective processes assume a severity which would not be so marked a feature in a relatively healthy individual.


The problem addressed by this paper is the large size and heavy weight of the typical cable bundle, used for controlling a multidegree-of-freedom truss manipulator arms, which imposes limitations on the manipulator arm maneuverability. This paper proposes a fiber network, which significantly reduces the bundle size and weight, to replace the existing copper wire network of the two most common truss manipulator architectures, centralized processing/control and distributed processing/control. The fiber-optic link developed for the serpentine truss manipulator arm, located at the Kennedy Space Center, is used as a design example. The design philosophy, accuracy, error detection, hardware details, and some schematic diagrams are presented for both architectures.


The generalized Chaplygin gas provides an interesting candidate for the present accelerated expansion of the universe. We explore a geometrical explanation for the generalized Chaplygin gas within the context of brane world theories where matter fields are confined to the brane by means of the action of a confining potential. We obtain the modified Friedmann equations, deceleration parameter, and age of the universe in this scenario and show that they are consistent with the present observational data.


Conservation tillage, crop intensification, sod-based rotations, and judicious application of fertilizers and herbicides are agricultural practices that are not only agronomically sound, but could increase soil organic C (SOC) sequestration. These practices have great potential for adoption by cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) producers in the southeastern USA. We calculated potential SOC sequestration under different management scenarios of five major land resource areas in the southeastern USA using the Soil Conditioning Index (SCI), a decision tool currently used by USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service. The SCI will be used to determine payments to farmers enrolling in the Conservation Security Program. All cotton cropping systems with conventional tillage would lead to loss of SOC. Growing cotton in monoculture with no tillage could lead to a small loss, no change, or a small increase in SOC, depending upon major land resource area, slope, and soil texture. The SCI predicted larger changes in SOC whenever no-tillage management was combined with cover cropping and cotton was rotated with high-residue-producing crops. Cotton producers in eligible watersheds of the Conservation Security Program could expect to receive an average of $3.36/acre, with payments up to $8/acre, depending on practices employed and soil conditions. Soil organic C is important to maintain high soil quality, to improve crop productivity, and to mitigate greenhouse gas emission. Further agricultural research and extension activities are needed to capture the full benefits of SOC sequestration for agronomic, environmental, and economic sustainability.


This manuscript describes the important o f providing communication course instructors with training focused on cultivating instructor responsibility. In structor ownership o f creating and delivering pedagorgically sound courses in an online learning environment is an important but often overlooked con cept in online course design. Ultimately, courses should incorporate sound assessment and instructors should be committed to continued refinement o f online learning pedagory. This essay offers relevant principles for assess ing online communication courses and creating assignments that encourage experiential learning and engage the 21s' century learner. Communication courses vary across institutions in terms of content focus (e.g., interpersonal, public speaking, hybrid) and delivery format (e.g., face to face, online, hybrid) (Morreale, Hugenberg, & Worley, 2006). Due to an evolving education landscape and environmental as well as institutional pressures, instructors across the country are faced with the challenge of mov ing towards greater adoption of online course delivery. Though this mandate is not new, the issue maintains relevance as budgets diminish, student popula tions increase, and more communication course instructors navigate the chal lenge of developing online or hybrid communication courses. Often, discussions regarding online communication courses center on appropriateness of online delivery for the course content and objectives, quality of education, ability to best serve students, etc. (Allen, 2006; Noble, 2001; Schwartzman, 2006, 2007). Yet, what is missing from online com munication course instructor training and preparation is not a discussion of technology skills and possible instructional strategies; rather what is miss ing from the conversation is the importance of ownership and responsibil ity for course construction, technological skill acquisition, effective strategy implementation, course assessment, and continued course and instructor de velopment. That is, online communication course instructors need training regarding instructor responsibility and quality assurance in order to maintain high quality communication courses. Heeding Schwartzman's (2006) call for instructors to " ...behave proactively by recognizing the availability of the online medium and design pedagogically sound instructional materials" (p. 3), this essay seeks to describe the importance of providing communication course instructors with training focused on cultivating ownership of creating The Florida Communication Journal 120 and delivering a pedagogically sound course that incorporates assessment and is committed to continued refinement of online course instruction. Embracing Instructor Responsibility: A Theoretical Framework Before educators can improve instruction they must embrace their pedagogical responsibility. As communication course instructors, our pri mary responsibility is to deliver high quality instruction in communication reflective of our institution's, program's, and course's goals and mission re gardless of the course delivery format (Backlund & Wakefield, 2010). To do so, we must embrace the responsibility of ensuring quality instruction by focusing on design principles that guide the construction, development, and revision process of our communication courses. Thus, online communica tion course instructors most need training regarding how to take ownership of the products (i.e., courses) they are developing and implementing, as well as the assessment and subsequent change process. By narrowing this training to a specific course delivery format, communication instructors are better able to create, facilitate, and adapt high quality online courses. No matter the course modality, instructors should design courses that progress students through the stages of communication instruction in an attempt to establish more effective communicators. Instructors, searching for a theoretical model for quality online course design and assessment, should look no further than the annals of instructional theory. The domains of com munication learning were originally intended to connect the learning process to communication instruction (McCroskey, 1982) and are foundational in the call of instructional obligation as well. McCroskey (1982) focused on three interactive dimensions similar to Bloom's (1956) taxonomy. Specifically, McCroskey's (1982) domains of communication learning include cognition, affect, and behavior. The cognitive communication learning domain includes a student's knowledge or understanding of content and the communication process. Affect signifies the communicator's feelings, attitudes, motivations, and willingness to communicate while behavior refers to the ability of the com municator and the specific communication skills emitted or observed. Even though these elements were emphasized in the early eighties these domains can still be applied to traditional communication learning outcomes and as sessment of a communication course, no matter the format. Unlike McCroskey (1982), Littlejohn and Jabush (1982) settled on four elements of what was deemed communication competence (process un derstanding, interpersonal sensitivity, communication skills, and ethical re sponsibility), similar but not identical to the original domains. Over a decade later Morreale, Shockley-Zabalak, and Whitney (1993) made a case for the inclusion of a fourth domain of communication learning, ethical responsibility. 121 Design and Delivery The ethical domain includes the communicator's ability and willingness to take moral responsibility for the outcome of the communication event and its impact on receivers (Littlejohn & Jabush, 1982; Morreale, Shockley-Zabalak, & Whitney, 1993). The ethical dimension is a foundational pillar for students in online or distance courses as well as instructors and may be the missing theoretical link for quality distance learning in the online communi cation course. The four interactive domains of communication can serve as a theo retical and pedagogical model for educators and a lens through which instruc tors view design and delivery responsibility. Communication education must remain relevant for 21st century students. Student applicability is possible through the purposeful design and implementation of a modern communi cation course. Therefore, design communication courses in multiple mo dalities (traditional, hybrid/flipped, and online) by purposefully applying the domains of communication learning as learning outcomes but do not forsake the ethical domain, the responsibility of the instructor to ensure quality com munication in and through instruction. Varying course modalities, especially distance formats, should not be entered into lightly. Instructors should adhere to the ethical domain of communication learning and be prepared to take responsibility for the out come and impact of the course delivered in online, blended and traditional contexts. Instructional designers would do well to model class learning out comes after the domains of communication learning while adhering to the ethical dimension as a means of assuring quality outcome variables. While our design must change our outcomes remain the same. Online courses fur ther establish the necessity of instructors to round the learning cycle and ap peal to a variety of learning styles in the design and development of distance learning courses (Kolb, 1984). Instructors can ensure a high educational quality of online and distance courses through consistent and relevant faculty development, clear learning outcomes (domains of communication learning), and quality assessment. Assessment of the Online Communication Course Similar to the traditional (i.e., face-to-face) communication course, there is a need to assess the online communication course to ensure qual ity and learning outcome achievement. Morreale, Hugenberg, and Worley (2006) note that in online courses "an array of challenges impacts the pro cess" when one uses technology to deliver the course (p. 434). Despite inher ent challenges, assessment is a crucial component of pedagogically respon sible distance learning. Assessment should not be approached begrudgingly. Instructors can, and should, use assessment to determine student learning and to achieve The Florida Communication Journal 122 high quality instruction. According to the Association of American Colleges and Universities (2008) higher education institutions should assess student work as an instructional imperative. Pedagogically responsible instructors must pursue accountability and student excellence. To accomplish those goals the assessment of online course design and delivery becomes a necesssary imperative. To assess the quality of an online course, instructors must first de termine the accuracy and consistency of learning outcomes. Faculty must own student learning assessment as they are the ones who create learning objectives, course outcomes, collect assessment data and, hopefully, close the assessment loop (Backlund, Detwiler, Arneson, & Danielson, 2010). Learn ing objectives should be written in such a way that students achieve holistic learning with specific deliverables. Ultimately, learning outcomes specify how students will achieve subject mastery in connection to program out comes and learning objectives (Krider, 2010). Ethically responsible instruc tors will craft learning objectives and outcomes that center on communica tion cognition, affect and behavior, the domains of communication learning. Conducting assessment of course outcomes and learning objectives will help to address those challenges and foster change to improve the online communication course. With this being said, assessment is two-fold. Instruc tors need to assess the course content presented as well as the delivery and implementation of the course. In order to do so, instructors need to be cog


Mr. Bell concludes this paper with some remarks upon the use of the plexus formed on both sets of nerves, and on their association upon the integuments. In regard to the plexuses, he considers them as concerned in associating the functions of distinct muscles; and in reference to the surface of the body, he remarks, that although the principal office of its nerves is to convey impressions to the sensorium, yet, on the other hand, the condition of the mind is often forcibly communicated to the skin. Hence the striking union of the branches of the fifth pair with the portio dura of the seventh pair in the integuments of the head and face.


A hard coating is composed of Al a Cr b (SiC) c α d N, wherein a SiC (silicon carbide) has been added in a 0.05-0.20 atom ratio to an aluminum rich AlCrN coating having an Al to Cr atom ratio (Cr/Al ratio) in the range of 0.25-0.67, thereby ensuring a predetermined wear resistance while achieving superior heat resistance (oxidation resistance at high temperatures). As a result, it is possible, for example, to conduct high-efficiency processing such as heavy-load cutting with a large volume of cuts, and to cut under harsh conditions where the temperature of the cutting edge increases in cases such as the high-speed cutting of hard materials. Additionally, it is possible to improve tool life and decrease the amount of cutting fluid used in such cutting processes.


This study is to develop a Priority Decision System for Redevelopment (PDSR) which is able to decide the priority for redevelopment of agricultural reservoirs. The major scopes of this research are to make the related GIS data like hydrologic unit map and other thematic maps to determine the suggested priority index (PI), and to develop the PDSR handling the GIS data and calculating weighing factors for the PI. In order to make the weighing factor decision module, the AHP technique was adopted. The result of the weighing factor calculation was showed PC (Possibility Criteria) and RC (Restriction Criteria) were 76% and 24% respectively. Which means that most of the specialist selected PC category prior to RC because of whom to mostly of major technique. So, in order to make more objective result, the selection of specialists is important like environmental activists or local residents and so on. The product from this research can provide more scientific support to decide the priority decision.


Aim To investigate the effect of cinnamic acid on proliferation and differentiation of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells.Methods MG-63 cells were treated with cinnamic acid.The living cells were counted by trypan blue staining.The morphology and ultrastructure of MG-63 cells were studied with optical microscope and electron microscope.The changes of cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM).The expression of typeⅠcollagen was detected by Van Gieson staining.The formation of mineralized bone nodules was evaluated by alizarin red staining.The expressions of osteocalcin and osteonectin were detected by immunocytochemical staining.Results Cinnamic acid inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells significantly,the inhibitory rate was 54.94%±4.69% after treatment with cinnamic acid for 7 days.Flow cytometry analysis showed that cinnamic acid increased the cell numbers in G0/G1 phase significantly(P0.01).Under optical microscope and electron microscope,the morphology and ultrastructure of MG-63 cells treated with cinnamic acid changed significantly compared with those in control group,showing the characteristics of normal cells.Furthermore,cinnamic acid promoted the expressions of osteoblast markers such as typeⅠcollagen,osteonectin and osteocalcin,increased calcium aggradation and facilitated the formation of bone nodules.Conclusion Cinnamic acid can inhibit the proliferation of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and induce the differentiation of MG-63 cells into osteoblasts.


The latest research results being published outside the United States may not be as dif ficult to monitor as one might Xh'mk. The U.S. Department of Commerce publ ishes a weekly newslet ter ca l led Foreign Tech nology that abstracts new reports and papers from outside the United States that are available through the National Techni cal Information Service. Each abstract lists the report's title, author(s), date, and NT IS publication number, along wi th a brief synopsis. Topics that the Commerce Department tracks in the newsletter are: biomedical technology; civil, construct ion, structural, and bui lding eng ineer ing ; commun ica  tions; computer technology; electro and optical technology; energy; manufacturing and industrial engineering;materials sci ences; physical sciences; transportation techno logy ; and min ing a n d minera ls technology An annual subscript ion to the weekly newsletter, which is indexed every January, costs $90 in North America. To subscr ibe or to request subscription prices for other areas, write to U.S. Department of Com merce, National Technical Information Ser vice, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springf ield, V a . 22161; telephone 703487-4630.


A 1600-volt switching transistor has been developed for use in an electronic gyro suspension system. This paper describes the design criteria and processes for this NPN silicon device. The major requirements for this transistor are to obtain a stable collector-base breakdown voltage of > 1600 volts, a collector-emitter saturation voltage of t specification of 40MHz. Two methods have been used for fabricating the transistor. One method employs a deep double diffused structure and the other uses an epitaxial grown base layer and a diffused emitter structure. Both methods utilize an etched mesa junction with oxide passivation and have produced devices which meet the required specification.


The paper presents the importance of optoelectronic coupler and mainly introduces the application of optoelectronic coupler in a switching circuit and a logical circuit as well as the linear isolating circuit used to transmit analog signals. An ideal result can be reached in an analog circuit with optoelectronic coupler as long as there are a proper circuit design and a well-chosen linear operating point.


In the early 90s, a new committee was formed to update Stanadrd 62-1989. One of the recognized needs of the revision was to expand the residential section. The new document, known simply as 62R, did contain an entire chapter on residential ventilation and actually began to provide useful guidance to the builder. The large number of comments on that section convinced the Society to begin an effort to produce a stand-alone residentail ventilation standard by authorizing Standard Project Committee 62.2P to begin work. In developing the proposed standard, the committee recognized that many different kinds of houses exist, in many different climates, and with many different styles of construction. To accomodate these differences, the major requirements were designed with several alternate paths to allow users flexibility. Some requirements are performance based, with specific prescriptive alternatives. The draft recognizes that there are several different ways to achievea specified ventilation rate and allows both mechanical and natural methods


This study investigates the relationship between religious beliefs and agricultural growth in Africa. Empirical analyses are undertaken using panel data of a representative sample of 26 countries, covering the period 1970-2000. The countries analyzed were classified into three groups; countries with a majority of Christian believers, those with a majority of Muslims and those where there are more who follow indigenous beliefs. Results generally indicate a non-neutral effect of religious on agricultural growth. The results accord with perspectives in which classic religions influence traits that enhance agricultural performance, particularly through technological progress. The conclusion draws implications from the findings and highlights areas needing further scrutiny.


A study was carried out to hasten maturity, improve nutrient content and determine agronomic performance of water hyacinth-based composts. Water hyacinth (WH) was composted using pile method and six treatments: WH + cattle manure (WH+CM), WH + poultry manure (WH+PM), WH + effective microorganisms, WH + molasses at 25% total sugar content, WH + molasses at 50% total sugar content and WH composted singly. Macro nutrients, C/N ratio, mineral nitrogen, temperature and pH were monitored. The composts obtained were applied at rates of 3 and 6 t ha -1 using maize (LONGE 4) as test crop. All compost treatments reached maturity after 6 weeks and the highest total contents of 2.2%, 1.3% and 1.5% of N, P and K respectively were determined in WH+PM. Grain yields of 6.8 t ha -1 harvested in (WH+CM) applied at 6 t ha -1 and 6.5 t ha -1 harvested in (WH+PM) applied at 3 t ha -1 were statistically similar, and the highest in the experiment. Co-composting with poultry manure shortened maturity period and improved nutrient concentrations of mature compost. Highest grain yield was obtained at 6 t ha -1 but (WH+PM) compost applied at 3 t ha -1 was the most effective.


Polymerization-induced spinodal decomposition was conducted in glycolic solutions of phloroglucinol/formaldehyde copolymer and poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) to synthesize bicontinuous macroporous morphologies with microdomains from 0.5 to 6 μm. The polymeric materials were further carbonized at elevated temperature to yield bimodal meso-/macroporous carbon monoliths after the thermal decomposition of the PEO−PPO−PEO template. The bimodal porous nature of the resultant carbon monoliths was derived from the dual phase separation in which spinodal decomposition and microphase separation occurred simultaneously. We demonstrated the tunability of macropores without alteration of mesopore sizes.


Severe problems are caused by site burning of rice straw in Valencia, the third largest Spanish city. Removal, incorporation or composting are being tested as alternatives to burning, and the changes they produce in selected soil biological properties have been studied in two field trials. One compares removal, burning and incorporation the straw, and a second evaluates the application of straw-derived compost for rice production. No statistically-significant effects on the measured indicators of biological activity were found in either experiment, indicating that management-induced changes are small. Unexpectedly, burning did not affect negatively enzyme activities or microbial biomass contents since there were no differences between treatments, or usual levels were recovered in a few months. The changes induced by straw removal or incorporation were also not statistically significant. When straw-derived compost applications were assayed, dehydrogenase activity was slightly variable and apparently unaffected by N and compost rates or compost/mineral N combinations, but phosphomonosterase activity seems to increase parallel to compost to mineral N ratio.


Objective To study the relationship between the expression of LTC4,LTC4 synthase and airway remodelling in cough variant asthma(CVA).Methods 20 patients with bronchial asthma,20 patients with CVA and 20 healthy subjects were studied.The blood level of LTC4 was determined by ELISA,the gene expression of LTC4 synthase by RT-PCR.Bronchal biopsy specimens were obtained from 6 healthy subjects,6 bronchial asthmatic and 12 CVA patients,and made with routine paraffin section and HE staining.The basement membrance thickness was measured with light microscopy.Results The LTC4 level of bronchial asthma group was significantly higher than that of CVA group and control group(P0.01).The LTC4 level of CVA group was higher than that of control group(P0.05).The basement membrane thickness significantly associated with the LTC4 level(P0.05).LTC4 synthase expressions in bronchial asthma group and CVA group were higher than that of control group(P0.05).LTC4 synthase expression in polymorphocyte was higher than that in lymphocytes.Conclusions The airway remodeling occurs in CVA.LTC4 and LTC4 synthase gene expression can be used as one of the rapid diagnostic criteria of CVA.


This paper describes the mediator role of knowledge (codifiability and complexity) between the environment (dynamism, sophistication and hostility) and the decision to innovate or to imitate. The author argues that innovation and imitation are the endpoints of a continuum, and that each is associated with different degrees of knowledge codifiability and complexity. The results support this argument, reveal the influence of environmental dimensions on knowledge types, and on the decision of innovating and imitating, and provide a positive answer to the traditional question: 'Are innovators more profitable than imitators?' The author tested the hypotheses with a survey of 238 firms from the most innovative Spanish industries using structural equation modelling.


Heather Ranger for the Master of Science In Psychology presented on October 13 1998 Title: Use of the Child Behavior Checklist in Discriminating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder andJ2ysthvmia Amon" Abstract approved: /"'Q..4,.,A:<::1 N/~  An important issue in clinically assessing child and adolescent psychopatholOb'Y is basing diagnoses on information from sourccs other than the child's self-report, such as parents and teachers. Additional problems arise when children show very similar symptomatology for different disorders. Differentiating between behaviors regarded normal for a certain age b'l"OUP, and those behaviors considered deviant or pathological is often difficult. Some examples of childhood disorders sharing similar symptomatology are Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) Two disorders also commonly diagnosed in children are Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Dysthymia like ODD and CD, these two disorders also share similar symptomatolob'Y. In addition to this similaritv, PTSD and Dvsthvmia are also often diaL'l1osed in the adult ., _. r .....


Given that verbs are the type of content words whose proper use in children requires a high level of language processing skills, it is expected that children with specific language impairment (SLI) will experience difficulties in lexical processing of this class of words. However, there is a relative paucity of studies focusing on lexical-semantic abilities in class of verbs in children with SLI, and the results of previous studies are quite contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine the vocabulary scope of verbs, and also to compare types of errors in verb naming between children with SLI and typically developing children. The sample consisted of 60 participants with SLI (5-8 yrs) within the experimental group, while the control group consisted of 55 typically developing (TD) children. For the purpose of naming verbs assessment, 30 pictorial verbs from the Children's Word Frequency Dictionary were used, while errors were classified according to the principle used in Boston Naming Test. The results showed that children with SLI had a significantly lower score of accuracy in verb naming compared to TD children (p≤0.000). Also, children with SLI made significantly more semantic, unrelated and circumlocutive errors, as well as more omissions (p<0.05). However, an error distribution analysis indicates a similar pattern in both groups of children. We concluded that children with SLI had significantly narrower vocabulary scope of verbs compared to typically developing peers. Also, SLI children showed a significant delay in the development of lexical processing skills for this type of content words. However, children with SLI follow a similar pattern as TD children in the area of lexical-semantic development of verb using.


A comprehensive model of leakage distribution in rotary regenerator(air preheater)of high parameter boiler unit is proposed in this paper,in which two submodels are embodied.the first refers to the pressure drop mechanism based mass conservation and energy consernation model;the second,based on a gas flow network,represents modeling of leakage distri button with in the regenerator.In the paper,with the tail heat exchange equipment of a 300 MW boiler in a power plant as the simulation object,the leakage distributions of rotary regenerator through the radial,peripheral and axial seals are solved,with the conclusion gained,that the axial leakage and radial leakage can be treated through similarity.consequently,when the radial searings are additionally installed,the axial sealings should be retrofitted simultaneously too。 this has guiding significance for the condition - based repair,operation and maintenance of rotary regenerator in that power plant.


INTRODUCTION Shortly after arriving at a small hospital on a Caribbean island, I encountered a woman who was exhausted by the second stage of labour. Although she did not seem to have enough energy to push her baby out, I did not feel that the application of forceps was warranted. A vacuum extractor (also called ventouse or ventose) would have safely assisted in the second stage. The advantages of this instrument are that it requires less analgesia and is safer than forceps'. Unfortunately, the hospital did not own a ventouse yet.


Two novel benzimidazole ligands (E)-2-((4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)-6-bromo-4-chlorophenol (L1) and (E)-1-((4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)naphthalene-2-ol (L2) with their corresponding Cu(ii), Ni(ii), Pd(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes were designed and synthesized. The compounds were characterized by elemental, IR, and NMR (1H & 13C) spectral analyses. Molecular masses were determined by ESI-mass spectrometry, and the structure of ligand L1 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Molecular docking was carried out for the theoretical investigation of DNA binding interactions. The results obtained were verified experimentally by UV/Visible absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with DNA thermal denaturation studies. It was observed that ligands (L1 and L2) and complexes (1–8) were moderate to strong DNA binders, as evident from the binding constants (Kb). The value was found to be highest for complex 2 (3.27 × 105 M−1) and lowest for 5 (6.40 × 103 M−1). A cell line study revealed that breast cancer cells were less viable to the synthesized compounds compared to that of standard drugs, cisplatin and doxorubicin, at the same concentration. The compounds were also screened for in vitro antibacterial activity for which complex 2 showed a promising broad-spectrum effect against all tested strains of bacteria, almost in the proximity of the reference drug kanamycin, while the rest of the compounds displayed activity against selected strains.


Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with transpapillary stenting is the first-line biliary drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) are alternative methods. Objectives: To compare efficacy and safety of these three methods as a case–controlled study. Methods: From January 2014 to September 2016, 144 patients were followed for their clinical recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) or their death or 1-year follow-up. Results: EUS-BD, PTBD, and ERCP were performed in 30, 60, and 54 patients, respectively. Technical success rate (TSR) of EUS-BD was significantly lower than both PTBD and ERCP (84% vs. 100% and 100%, respectively, P < 0.001). PTBD had significantly lower clinical success rate (CSR) than ERCP (65% vs. 85%, respectively, P < 0.001). RBO rates of PTBD were significantly higher than those of EUS-BD and ERCP (52% vs. 17% vs. 13%, respectively, P < 0.001). The survival analysis is not statistically significant among the three methods (P = 0.07, log-rank test). Conclusions: In patients with MBO, ERCP with transpapillary drainage should be selected as the first choice because ERCP provided the high TSR and CSR. EUS-BD and PTBD should be selected as the next alternatives because EUS-BD provided lower TSR and PTBD had lower CSR and higher RBO.


As a religion that contains universal values, Islam offers well organized, balanced, and meaningful life. This offer is strengthened by role of Al-Qur'an and Al-Hadits as main sources of Islamic teaching.These sources comprise normative rules which are believed to beguidance in the process of living and finding the meaning of life.The existence of Al-Qur'an constitutes idealization of universe within well-organized life of human being. Meanwhile, Al-Hadits offers interpretation of language used by God in Al-Qu'an. In other word, Al-Qur'an more tends to be idealistic while Al-Hadits more tends to be realistic. As the interpretation of Al-Qur'an, Al-Hadits is trapped inspace and time because its interpretation is full of modern society consideration. This consideration then brings some problems when the result of the interpretation passes space and time which are to come. The difference in factual phenomenon emergesas the consequence of manner pattern towards life movement, future and past. It needs to fit the formulation of rule based on modern values. It suggests that Al-Qur'an and Al-Hadits should prioritize harmonic values in the combination of normative demand and life history.


Current researches have provided theoretical basis.Problems in life education and the corresponding strategies are proposed to boost the quality of life education.


Using a case study about the expansion of Heathrow airport, Christian Nold argues that designers should engage with public controversies. According to Nold designers are uniquely equipped to make the underlying social and technical infrastructures of public controversies visible and redesign them.


Building a harmonious city is important in the construction of a harmonious socialist society. a harmonious city is a city harmonious with other cities and rural areas in the region,also it has an harmonious internal system. The city leaders should improve leadership to build a harmonious city. The harmonious leadership includes the capacities to guide value of the target,to manpower development planning,to inspire social vitality,to coordinate the interests,to maintain social equity,to promote social governance,to ensure social stability and to contact in harmony. The building of harmonious leadership needs to implement the value of people-oriented and construct scientific and artistic process of modern leadership,to promote cadre education innovation actively and enhance the urban leaders leadership training,to establish evaluation system of harmonious leadership and strengthen the assessment and monitoring.


Batch fermentation of glucose to lactic acid was conducted using immobilized Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Delbrueckii ATCC 9646 under anaerobic condition. Liquid pineapple waste used as the fermentation medium and the effects of temperature and pH on cell growth, glucose consumption and lactic acid production were investigated. The fermentation process was carried out for 72 hours and the results indicate that pH and temperature have a significant effect on the lactic acid production. The maximum concentrations of lactic acid produced at 56 hours of fermentation are 28.73 g/L at 37°C and 29.02g/L for pH 6.5 with initial glucose concentration of 31.3 g/L. Thus, it is observed that the conversion yields for lactic acid production are 91.7% and 92.7% at 37°C and pH 6.5 respectively. Temperature and pH seem to play the largest role in the organism ability to grow and thus affecting its production of lactic acid.


We consider cyclic graphs, that is, graphs with cyclic orders at the vertices, corresponding to 2‐cell embeddings of graphs into orientable surfaces, or combinatorial maps. We construct a three variable polynomial invariant of these objects, the cyclic graph polynomial, which has many of the useful properties of the Tutte polynomial. Although the cyclic graph polynomial generalizes the Tutte polynomial, its definition is very different, and it depends on the embedding in an essential way. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 05C10.


Abstract 499 Introduction: Using a genome-wide positional cloning approach, we previously identified NOD-derived Sirpα as the gene required for support of normal human hematopoiesis in NOD.SCID xenotransplantation assays. NOD.SCID mice bearing other polymorphic Sirpα alleles (e.g. NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID) do not support human engraftment due to lack of interaction between CD47 expressed on human hematopoietic cells and SIRPα expressed on host macrophages. CD47-SIRPα interaction is also critical for engraftment of human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (AML-SC): homing, engraftment and migration are all significantly impaired in NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID compared to NOD.SCID mice. However, AML-SC from different patients are heterogeneous in their ability to engraft NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID mice, suggesting variable ability to evade innate immune surveillance. We undertook investigations of the mechanisms underlying the decreased engraftment ability of AML-SC in NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID mice, a better understanding of which will aid in optimizing potential therapeutic approaches aimed at disrupting CD47-SIRPα signaling in AML. Result: To investigate the cellular components of innate immunity that impair AML-SC function, we depleted macrophages in NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID mice by treatment with clodronate liposomes. Following intravenous injection, homing of AML cells (n=2 patient samples) to bone marrow (BM) and spleen of NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID mice was not detectable in control mice but was increased in clodronate-treated mice to levels similar to those seen in clodronate-treated NOD.SCID mice. Thus, impaired homing resulting from lack of interaction between CD47 on AML cells and SIRPα on macrophages is rescued by macrophage depletion. To examine the role of macrophages in engraftment and migration of AML-SC, we transplanted NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID mice intrafemorally with primary AML cells (n=3 patient samples) and treated them weekly with clodronate for 8 weeks. In previous experiments, these AML samples were unable to engraft NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID mice, or could only engraft the injected femur without migration to other hematopoietic sites. In contrast, clodronate-mediated macrophage depletion in these mice allowed substantial leukemic engraftment by all samples not only in the injected femur, but also in non-injected bones, the spleen and peripheral blood. Thus, evasion of innate immune surveillance by macrophages through interactions between CD47 on AML cells and SIRPα on macrophages is critical for engraftment of AML-SC. To investigate the mechanism of macrophage-mediated impairment of AML-SC function in NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID mice, we established an in vitro phagocytosis assay using BM-derived macrophages from NOD.SCID and NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID mice. NOD.NOR-Idd13.SCID macrophages prestimulated with interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide consistently showed higher levels of phagocytosis of human AML cells in vitro compared to NOD.SCID macrophages. This finding suggests that macrophages eliminate AML cells in vivo through phagocytosis, a process that is inhibited by CD47-SIRPα signaling. The critical importance of CD47-SIRPα signaling for AML-SC function led us to develop a novel human SIRPα (hSIRPα)-Fc fusion protein antagonist for therapy of AML. In pilot studies, in vitro pretreatment of AML cells efficiently blocked homing, engraftment and dissemination following xenotransplantation into NOD.SCID mice. More importantly, in vivo hSIRPα-Fc treatment of NOD.SCID mice repopulated with human AML resulted in dramatic decrease of the leukemic burden in all hematopoietic tissues. Conclusion: Our data show that the interaction between CD47 on AML-SC and SIRPα expressed on host macrophages is critical for the leukemic clone to evade macrophage-mediated innate immune attack. Disruption of this signaling axis, as with hSIRPα-Fc fusion proteins, is an effective therapeutic approach for eradication of AML-SC. Disclosures: Theocharides: Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (TTI): Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Jin: Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (TTI): Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Dick: Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (TTI): Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Danska: Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (TTI): Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Wang: Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (TTI): Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.


consciously search for the proletariat, whose life around the turn of the century he describes in his autobiographical work, An der Wende zweier Zeiten. Renner points out that many of the workers had heard of socialism, but none of them knew anything about unions. It was also at this time that Renner realized that technology and work had been united in a much different way than Ferdinand Lasalle had envisioned. For Renner, technology and work had not harmoniously merged but had been forced together, much to the detriment of the workers. Riesenfellner's second volume is a collection of autobiographical sketches from 1914 to 1938. The texts describe the passivist attitude of many workers during World War I, the construction of Red Vienna after 1918, the various social reforms, eyewitness accounts of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, the revolutions of 1918 and 1919 in Austria and Hungary, the burning of the Palace of Justice in 1927, the termination of the parliament in 1933, the civil war of 1934, and the struggle against fascism. The types of sketches are similar to the first volume, including proletarian autobiographies and memoirs of political and union officials. An example of a proletarian autobiography is the account by Alfred Totzauer of his experiences in the world war. He chose to go to Germany in July 1914 in search of adventure and to look for work. He found work shortly before the war began, a war that the Germans were sure they would win. Totzauer returned to Austria and was drafted into the army. He immediately understood the absurdity of the war, and often discussed the possibility of peace and international understanding with his military colleagues. The second volume also contains accounts from social scientists such as Paul F. Lazarsfeld. Lazarsfeld writes about the social atmosphere of the First Republic. He points out that postwar Vienna was influenced by the political climate, an interest in what was then called "psychology," and a preoccupation with "explanation." Lazarsfeld was most interested in sociology, a subject not taught at the university, until he, with the help of Karl Buhler, founded a department of social psychology in 1927. The anonymous description of the defense of the Karl-Marx-Hof in 1934 is a fascinating account of the war mentality of the working class. Everything seemed to be in the socialists' favor at the beginning. Even once the battle started, the Karl-Marx-Hof and its surroundings were in the hands of the socialists. Yet the strength of the police became overwhelming, and the news of devastating battles in the other Viennese districts was dispiriting. Eventually, most of the socialists fled the Karl-Marx-Hof. But, according to the author, many of them believed that the war had not been lost. Their struggle to defend the Austrian constitution, which had been terminated in March 1933, would continue. For a study of Austrian cultural history and of the Austrian workers' movement between 1867 and 1938, Stefan Riesenfellner has put together an excellent collection of documents.


We report on our recent work in supporting up to 100 Gbps/λ/core transmissions with a directly modulated 1.5-μm single mode VCSEL and multicore fiber, enabled by low-compleixty pre- and post- digital equalizations.


Utilizing the typeⅥ secretion system(T6SS),Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes the effector protein Tse2,a toxin to other competitive bacteria.It is a newly identified molecular mechanism for P.aeruginosa to win a survival advantage.To avoid being poisoned itself,P.aeruginosa synthesizes the specific immunity protein,Tsi2 to inhibit the toxin.Sequence analysis shows that Tsi2 is a novel antitoxin-like protein which is specific for P.aeruginosa.Using the SAD method,we have successfully resolved the crystal structure of Tsi2 at 1.8 resolution.Our crystallographic studies reveal that Tsi2 adopts a novel coiled coil conformation which is not found in the antitoxins family previously.Meanwhile,Tsi2 is a well-assembled protein instead of an unfolded protein as an antitoxin in the toxin-free state.Tsi2 functions as a stable dimer and assembles as a unique "clamp" structure through extensive hydrophobic interactions.Two grooves on the dimerization interface combining with one helix of two symmetric molecules respectively imply the potential region interacting with Tse2.This research not only offers comprehensive insights into the molecular essence of Tsi2 as an antitoxin,but also reveals its structural basis of antitoxin activity.Furthermore,the apo Tsi2 structure provides a good framework for further researches on the structure and function of the complex Tse2-Tsi2.


In the early stages of infant development, gestures and speech are integrated during language acquisition. Such a natural combination is therefore a desirable, yet challenging, goal for fluid human-robot interaction. To achieve this, we propose a multimodal deep learning architecture, for comprehension of complementary gesture-word combinations, implemented on an iCub humanoid robot. This enables human-assisted language learning, with interactions like pointing at a cup and labelling it with a vocal utterance. We evaluate various depths of the Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (for object and wrist detection) and the Residual Network (for gesture classification). Validation is carried out with two deictic gestures across ten real-world objects on frames recorded directly from the iCub's cameras. Results further strengthen the potential of gesture-word combinations for robot language acquisition.


For the promotion of rural-urban interactions, a plenty of recreational facilities have been constructed in rural areas of Japan. Now, the facility improvement stands in need of"systematization". In each construction project, composite improvement has already come to be the mainstream. However, in order to produce fully the effects of composite improvement, "regional management system "that performs environmental design and marketing needs to be developed in view of a set of facilities within the region. For the purpose of putting the system into practical form, it is recommended that rural policymakers should examine the introduction of such an innovative park system as Parc Naturel Regional in France.


Objective To study immunological effects of depleted uranium in rats. Methods Wistar rats were exposed to depleted uranium by single intratracheal instillation.Body weight and peripheral blood cells were measured weekly and immunological functions were evaluated by weight coefficient of immune organs,plague forming cells of spleenocytes,total and subpopulation counts of lymphocytes in thymus. Results Early after administration,body weight decreased and red blood cells as well as platelets reduced while white blood cells increased,which returned to normal within 1 or 2 months.Immunological functions of spleenocytes and thymocytes were affected dosedependently by depleted uranium. Conclusion Depleted uranium induces immunological dysfunction in rats.;


The effects of the oxygen deficiency on structural, magnetic and electrical properties of La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3-δ □ δ manganites, where □ is a vacancy (0 ≤ δ < 0.15), have been investigated. The vacancy powder samples were synthesized using a new technique. A structural phase transition separating a rhombohedral phase and an orthorhombic phase was observed at a concentration of Mn 3+ around 85% to 90% per Mn atom in the unit formula. These compounds exhibit ferromagnetic metallic behavior for δ < 0.1 and antiferromagnetic insulator behavior for 0.125 < δ < 0.15. A charge ordering seems to appear below T = 115 K in the La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 2.9 (δ = 0.1) specimen. The structural and magnetic transitions are very sensitive to the vacancy rate.


Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA), prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment is critical. If a diagnosis is made early, medical management remains an option thereby improving the chance of conservation of reproductive organs. TOA is a sequalae of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and the diagnosis remains difficult due to the wide inclusion criteria for this condition, which should exclude other causes of pelvic pain. This case study presents two atypical cases of TOA in which neither patient met the diagnostic criteria for PID, on initial presentation and delayed diagnosis. Sonographic findings of enlarging, complex hyper-vascular masses and markedly elevated CA-125 levels instead raised concerns for malignancy influencing management decisions. In retrospect, utilizing these two predictive diagnostic tools may facilitate an earlier diagnosis of TOA therefore even without overt PID. This becomes more important when the clinical signs support a potential diagnosis of malignancy.


Venation structures in leaves fulfil both circulatory as well as structural functions within the organism they belong to. A possible digital simulation algorithm for the growth of venation, vascularisation or tree growth patterns has been described by the Department of Computer Science at the University of Calgary. In modifying the algorithm for architectural applications, it is possible to generate a type of geometry in which a roof, the target surface of the simulation, is supported above a set of point supports, the seed points of the simulation. The resulting geometries can be similar in their appearance to the leaves of Victoria spp., in which the flat leaf is supported by the veins and a column like petiole from underneath. Different ways of generating those geometries have been explored and digitally load-tested using Finite Element Analysis. Although the algorithm does not have an inherent logic of load transfer, the resulting structures perform well. In most cases, closed venation structures deflect less than open structures, which is in line with proposals that the formation of loops in leaves relates to structural performance. Height-adjusted Reticulate Venation Structure (Klemmt 2014) 1


In a previous work, we developed a search strategy for staus produced by the decay of the heavy CP-even Higgs boson

 H

 within the context of the large

 tan
 β

 regime of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) in a scenario of large stau mixing. Here, we study the performance of such search strategy by confronting it with the complementary mixing pattern in which decays of both the CP-even and CP-odd heavy Higgs bosons contribute to the production of

 τ
 ~

 1

 τ
 ~

 2

 ∗

 +
 c
 .
 c

 pairs. Again, we focus on final states with two opposite-sign tau leptons and large missing transverse energy. We find that our proposed search strategy, although optimized for the large stau mixing scenario, is still quite sensitive to the complementary mixing pattern. We also extend the results reported in the preceding work for the large mixing scenario by including now the exclusion limits at the next run of the LHC and the prospects both for exclusion and discovery in a potential high-luminosity phase. Finally, we discuss the possibility to distinguish the two mixing scenarios when they share the same relevant mass spectrum and both reach the discovery level with our search strategy.


We compare the electroluminescence (EL) of three polycrystalline ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 heterojunction solar cells with similar bandgaps but different open circuit voltages, indicating a difference in the electronic quality of the absorber. Temperature dependent electroluminescence measurements reveal that all cells feature transitions from donor-acceptor pair recombination at lower temperatures to band to band recombination at higher temperatures. However, the less efficient cells show a longer transition range with donor-acceptor pair recombination still apparent at room temperature. The thus broadened room temperature luminescence is one effect which reduces the open circuit voltage of the devices below the Shockley-Queisser-limit. The other effect is the existence of non-radiative recombination currents, which determine the efficiency of the device as light emitting diode. To quantify the open circuit voltage losses, we use reciprocity relations between electroluminescent and photovoltaic action of solar cells, which allow us to predict the light emitting diode efficiency. Measurements support the theory and show that Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells reach external LED efficiencies approaching.


As first shown by Bard et al. (1990a), high-precision 230Th-234U ages can be used successfully to calibrate the radiocarbon time scale beyond the high-precision tree-ring calibration that now reaches 11,900 cal bp (Kromer and Spurk 1998). Using mass spectrometric techniques, we measured 14C and 230Th ages on new samples collected from boreholes drilled off the islands of Tahiti and Mururoa (French Polynesia) in order to complement the database previously obtained on Barbados corals (Bard et al. 1990a, 1993).


List of Tables List of Figures Acknowledgements Notes on the Contributors Single Parents and Child Welfare in the New Russia A.Motivans & J.Klugman PART I: THE DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT Family Formation, Stability and Structure in Russia A.Motivans The Living Arrangements of Russian Children M.Swafford, E.Artamonova & S.Gerassimova PART II: SOCIAL POLICY AND THE SINGLE PARENT Single Parents, Poverty and Social Policies in the West S.Danziger & M.Carlson Social Policies for Single-Parent Families: Russia in Transition J.Klugman & A.McAuley PART III: POVERTY, WELFARE AND SINGLE PARENTS IN THE TRANSITION The Welfare Repercussions of Single-Parenthood in Russia in Transition J.Klugman & A.Kolev Family Structure and Child Welfare Outcomes A.Coudouel & M.Foley Bibliography Index


The reason we should investigate culture is that it is not only a method for studying individuals, but also a base to understand the society and the nation itself. As a result of this understanding, various development directions for the society or the industrial fields can be deduced. Design is a symbol of th culture and also a standard of the culture level of the region or the era in concern. Because culture is the symbolized world of a group which belongs to certain region and era, product and sense of value of actions, and also a result of a visible substantialized symbol system. Therefore the culture and the design have intimate relations and affect each other. Korean design history is comparatively short and now this is time for groping various development possibilities according to big flow of change in digital era. Modern design, as a field of study, was delivered and developed gorgeously in the Western countries such as USA AND UK. Even though Korea has a late starting point, it is considered to have a possibility of creating respectable designs based on the cultural results of perpetual history. This investigation seeks for the characteristic and development directions of Korean Vernacular design, through Korean culture and history.


The lateral torsional buckling behaviour of hot rolled channel sections subjected to bending is studied in an overall project. The final objective of this project is to develop a design method. This paper concentrates on the validation of the FEM model against the experiments. For channel sections loaded through the shear centre (centric loading) sudden collapse was observed while channel sections loaded in the plane of the web (eccentric loading) fail gradually in bending and torsion. The objective of the numerical research was to simulate this experimental behaviour and to predict the failure load correctly. Therefore, a FEM model was made consisting of shell elements and beam elements to compensate for the root radius of the channels, including plastic material behaviour, geometric non-linearity and measured imperfections. The simulations gave agreeable failure loads. For eccentric loading, the FEM simulations showed load-displacement curves, which compare well with experimental results. For centric loading however, the results appeared to be largely sensitive to imperfections with respect to member straightness. Finally, it is concluded that the FEM model is successfully validated against the available test results.,


PROBLEM: The lack of expression of HLA antigen on immature germ cells from ejaculates with antisperm antibodies has been reported.


Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter discusses the basic principles of the law of leases. It covers the essential requirements for a lease; duration of leases and certainty of term; some concepts related to the law of leases; the distinction between leases and licences; how exclusive possession is defined; shared and multiple occupation cases; 'sham' tenancies and pretence clauses designed to negate exclusive possession; and formalities for the creation of leases.


INTRODUCTION HERE IS growing interest in promoting learning through simulations, games and interactive teaching tools. 2 3 As a fresh approach which complements traditional methods it is particularly relevant in health education as a means of attracting initial interest and client participation. With some groups and in some situations these methods may offer positive advantages, e.g. in helping mentally handicapped young people acquire basic health knowledge4 or develop social skill. 5


Caloric restriction (CR) prevents obesity and increases resilience against pathological stimuli in laboratory rodents. At the mitochondrial level, protection promoted by CR in the brain and liver is related to higher calcium uptake rates and capacities, avoiding Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition. Dietary restriction has also been shown to increase kidney resistance against damaging stimuli, but if these effects are related to similar mitochondrial adaptations has not been uncovered. Here, we characterized changes in mitochondrial function in response to six months CR in rats, measuring bioenergetic parameters, redox balance and calcium homeostasis. CR promoted an increase in succinate-supported mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates. While CR prevents mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in many tissues, in kidney we found that mitochondrial H2O2 release was enhanced in a succinate-dependent manner. Surprisingly, and opposite to the effects observed in brain and liver, mitochondria from CR animals are more prone to Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition, in a manner reversed by antioxidant dithiothreitol. CR mitochondria also displayed higher calcium uptake rates, which were not accompanied by changes in calcium efflux rates, nor related to altered inner mitochondrial membrane potentials or amounts of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). Instead, increased mitochondrial calcium uptake rates in CR kidneys correlate with a loss of MICU2, an MCU modulator. Interestingly, MICU2 is also modulated by CR in liver, suggesting it has a broader diet-sensitive regulatory role controlling mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. Together, our results highlight the organ-specific bioenergetic, redox, and ionic transport effects of CR, with some unexpected deleterious effects in kidney.