For several decades, many efforts have been made to elucidate nerve excitation For an explanation of nerve excitation, Hodgkin and Huxley 4 9 proposed the Na theory, based on their experiments using the voltage clamp method developed by Cole." The theory was quite successful in explaining nerve excitation from a phenomenological viewpoint. However, no explanation has yet been produced of the molecular mechanism of excitation in biological membranes. This is because the molecular structure of the plasma membrane is highly complex and is not yet well understood.? In order to study the molecular mechanism of the phenomena occurring in biological membranes, there have been attempts to examine the physicochemical properties of artificial membranes 8 , ! I and of artificially reconstituted membranes lo, I t whose components are extracted from natural sources. In particular, phospholipid bilayer membranes, as originally described by Danielli and Davson,12 have recently become the subject of intensive research as models for biological rnernbrane~.~3? Although phospholipid membranes are extremely simple models, many of their physicochemical properties are strikingly similar to those of biological memb~anes.1~. l5 Among these properties, the excitability of artificial membranes has been extensively studied by Mueller and Rudin and their colleagues.1o* 17 They used phospholipid membranes modified by excitability-inducing material (EIM) ; these were either bacterial structures lD or cyclic peptide antibiotics (AlamethicinB) . I7 It is well known that a number of substances, such as organic ions 20 , z1 and inorganic ions 2 2 may alter membrane conductance in a manner suggesting a carrier mechanism. Moreover, there have been a number of studies of phospholipid assemblies in aqueous solution in which the assemblies changed their forms quite drastically as the environmental conditions were changed.13. I d We have found that phospholipid membranes made of acidic phospholipids (such as phosphatidyl serine) are quite sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and bind strongly to divalent calcium ions.?3-Zn It seems likely that phospholipid bilayers may be a fundamental unit for a conformation change in biological membranes. In particular, the abrupt change of con-


The surface modification of sub-micron heavy CaCO3 was made by using 3 types of surface modifier prepared in laboratory. TEM, particle-size analysis, IR, Zeta potentiometry, and SEM were used to characterize the modified heavy CaCO3 and the PP filled with the modified heavy CaCO3. The results indicated that the particle size of the modified heavy CaCO3 decreased, while the specific surface area increased, chemical adsorption occured on the surface of CaCO3 owing to the use of the modifier. The Zeta potentiations of the CaCO3 modified by different modifiers were different. The modification of CaCO3 improved the function of CaCO3 as filler.


Background: The aim of current study was to investigate the existence of any possible relationship between the components of self-knowledge and affiliation with delinquent peers at tendency to addiction among high school student girls. Materials and Methods: The research method is correlation. 132 high school student grils were selected through a random cluster sampling method in 2014-2015 academic years, and responded to the self-knowledge, affiliation with delinquent peers, and tendency to addiction scale questionnaires. For data analysis, the Pearson coefficient and stepwise regression are used. Results: The findings of the study showed that, among the components of self knowledge, there is a meaningful and negative relationship between self-observation with tendency to addiction (p<0.01) and a positive relationship between social-comparison and social-feedbacks with tendency to addiction (p<0.01). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, with adjustment of self-knowledge and also psychological holding classes for teenager to select appropriate friends and peers, tendency to addiction can be reduced.


Effect of newcastle disease HI antibody of chicken inoculated with different vaccine and method was studied in the paper.The results showed that the HI antibody titer had no significant difference between two groups in 30d,the HI antibody titer of group inoculated with import oil vaccine was higher 2 log2~3log2 than group inoculated with homemade oil vaccine at 60d.On the method of vaccination,the HI antibody titer of part inoculated with drop nose and eye method was higher 0.5 log2-2log2 than other part in 30d both imports and homemade group,and the HI antibody titer of part inoculated with muscle injection could maintain a longer time than other part.


The Nonlinear Thermodynamical Theory of Shells: Descent from 3-Dimensions without Thickness Expansions.- On the Derivation of the Differential Equations of Linear Shallow Shell Theory.- Geometrically Nonlinear Theory and Incremental Analysis of Thin Shells.- Flexible Shells.- Seismic Behavior of Liquid Filled Shells.- On Geometrically Non-Linear Theories for Thin Elastic Shells.- Buckling and Post-Buckling of Shells for Unrestricted and Moderate Rotations.- On Entirely Lagrangian Displacemental Form of Non-Linear Shell Equations.- Shallow Caps with a Localized Pressure Distribution Centered at the Apex.- On the Buckling and Postbuckling of Spherical Shells.- Implicit Relaxation Applied to Postbuckling Analysis of Cylindrical Shells.- Nonlinear Bending of Curved Tubes.- Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Shells under Pressure Loads Using Degenerated Elements.- Contribution on the Numerical Analysis of Thin Shell Problems.- A Total Lagrangian Finite Element Formulation for the Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Shells.- Large Deformations of Elastic Conical Shells.- The Mechanics of Drape.


Summary Exploration geophysicists must deal with an increasing number of unconventional reservoir types such as tight sandstone, lacustrine shaley dolomite, calcareous mudstone, and volcano. These reservoirs are often characterized by low porosity, very low permeability, high heterogeneity and even anisotropy sometimes. The productivity of these reservoir types is strongly related to the development of fractures. Prediction of fracture properties (direction, density, porosity, permeability and connectivity) remains a difficult task. Therefore, the interpretation of small or so called seismically sub-resolution faults, which are the equivalent of the fractures in a larger scale and formed in the same structural stress field, can be an important alternative approach for fractured reservoirs prediction. In this paper we calculate some seismic geometric attributes and develop several methods of information integration to highlight the faults. These attributes prove useful in small faults interpretation, particularly when combined with other information through appropriate integration techniques.


A study was conducted in the Laboratory of Entomology, D.M. College of Science, Imphal during May to June, 2014 at 28.7 ± 2.0°C and 75.2 ± 3.0 % relative humidity to study the biology and morphometry of Callosobruchus analis. The life cycle consisted of egg, four larval instars (L 1, L2, L3 and L4), pupa and adult. The eggs hatched in 8-9 days. The larval duration varied from 18-22 days. The morphometric measurements revealed that the average length and breadth of egg were 0.68 ± 0.04 mm and 0.33 ± 0.02 mm respectively. The mean length and breadth of L1, L2, L3 and L4 were 0.51 ± 0.02 mm, 1.62 ± 0.04 mm, 2.75 ± 0.06 mm, 3.49 ± 0.06 mm and 0.33 ± 0.02 mm, 0.30 ± 0.02 mm, 0.84 ± 0.02 mm, 1.63 ± 0.04 mm respectively. The average length of male pupa and female pupa were 3.34 ± 0.04, 3.74 ± 0.03 mm and breadth were 1.56 ± 0.05 mm, 2.13 ± 0.02 mm respectively. The average length and breadth of male and female adult were 3.25 ± 0.23 mm, 3.60 ± 0.08 mm and 2.16 ± 0.05 mm, 2.02 ± 0.04 mm respectively. The life cycle took 53-62 days for completion.


In the paper we introduce the formula design and function mechanism of blood- pressure adjustment milk powder, it's proved the effectivity of blood- pressure reduction by carrying out an experiment upon animals. And the same time, we introduce the method for testing the effective ingredients in finished goods.


OBJECTIVE: To assess the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of lymph node metastases with local injection of liposomal adriamycin (LADR) into rabbits bearing VX2 tumors in the mammary gland. METHODS: Thirty breast-tumor-bearing rabbits were divided into three groups, with 10 rabbits in each. Group 1 received a sham treatment. Group 2 received subcutaneous injection of LADR adjacent to tumor. Group 3 received intravenous injection of free adriamycin (FADR). The breast tumor and axillary lymph node were resected after the treatment was repeated three times. Node sizes before and after treatment were measured. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA expressions in breast tumors and lymph nodes were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The mean growth ratios of axillary lymph nodes in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 3.70%, 1.55%, and 2.89%, respectively, with significant difference between groups 3 and 1 (P=0.004), and further difference between groups 2 and 3 (P=0.002). The relative values of PCNA mRNA expressions in breast tumors in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 0.486, 0.513, and 0.396, respectively. Group 3 expressed a sufficiently lower level of PCNA mRNA compared to groups 1 (P=0.023) and 2 (P=0.005). The PCNA mRNA expressions in axillary lymph nodes in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 0.541, 0.329, and 0.450, respectively. Compared with group 1, group 3 showed a markedly decreased level of PCNA expression (P=0.021). The lowest expression level was found in group 2, with a further significant difference from group 3 (P=0.004). CONCLUSION: Local injection of LADR appears to be an effective method in the treatment of lymphatic metastases from breast cancer, regardless of its little influence on the primary tumor.


Abstract We have studied the reorientation dynamics of liquid crystal molecules in the immediate vicinity (within a few molecular lengths) of fused quartz substrates. For this we apply a high-voltage DC electric field to create a polar ordering of the molecules. If this field is switched off, the reorientation dynamics of the molecules involves different relaxation regimes associated with relaxation times varying from less than lms to several hours. We discuss the origin of these different regimes.


A collection C of binary n-tuples, C ⊆ {0, 1} n , is considered pairwise independent if for every i and j (1 ≤ i < j ≤ n), Pr c∈C [(c i , c j) = α] = 2 −2 for any α ∈ {0, 1} 2. Likewise, C is considered t-wise independent if the projection onto any t coordinates is uniformly distributed in {0, 1} t as c is chosen uniformly from the sample space C. Notice that for a collection C to be t-wise independent, |C| must greater than 2 t ; for certain applications, this is much too large. The aim of this project is to decrease the size of |C| while still allowing the projection onto any t coordinates to appear uniformly distributed in {0, 1} t. In this paper we explore several concepts of almost t-wise independence. For example, we may require that for every t coordinates i 1 ,. −t ≤ for some given > 0. I will be presenting two definitions for almost t-wise independence. Through coding theory tools, such as Delsarte's linear programing bound and sphere-packing bounds, I will show bounds imposed on the size of C based on those definitions. Through known constructions of almost independent binary random variables, I will then demonstrate how the definitions and bounds I established apply to these pseudo-random collections of binary n-tuples.


Puncture site: Carotid stenting should be undertaken within an interventional (endovascular) program in which personnel are familiar with efficient and safe arterial sheath removal with minimal patient discomfort. Adequate hydration and pretreatment with atropine can prevent and treat hypotension associated with a vaso-vagal response to sheath removal. An unexplained decrease in blood pressure may be caused by retroperitoneal bleeding. Closure devices are recommended if used by trained personnel. Complications of closure devices could be disastrous (hematoma, infection, torn artery). The occurrence of spasm in the distal internal carotid artery is a common angiographic event caused by the mechanical irritation of the vessel. It usually resolves spontaneously after the catheter or guide wire has been removed. Usage of 0.014-inch softtipped wires minimizes the occurrence of spasm. Injections of 100 to 200 mg of nitroglycerine through the carotid access sheath will hasten the resolution of spasm. Spasm must be differentiated from kinking of the internal carotid artery. Bradycardia and episode of transient asystole are not uncommon during balloon inflations within the carotid bulbous. More prolonged hypotension and bradycardia were seen with balloon-expandable stents which place more sustained pressure on the baroreceptors. Both, bradycardia and asystole during balloon inflation are transient and respond promptly to balloon deflation. Prevention is pre-medication with atropine. Larger doses of atropine should be avoided in elderly patients. Hypotension is not uncommon after carotid stenting and may last from hours to days, depending on the sensitivity of the baroreceptors, the type of stent used, and whether CAS was performed bilaterally. The degree of hypotension appears to be more pronounced in heavily calcified lesions. Usually, there are no clinical sequelae and the modest decrease in blood pressure requires no specific intervention. Bed rest, sedation or narcotics exacerbate hypotension and mitigate against rapid ambulation and recovery. Patients, particularly the elderly, should be assisted with ambulation if Complications and Events Encountered During Carotid Stenting


In this paper, we illustrate how a number of factors are driving the globalization of engineering practice, and we present the highlights of a recent survey that was conducted to better characterize the current state of international opportunities for engineering students, including the trends, general themes, and major exceptions.


A late Wednesday afternoon, the weekly meeting of all first-time graduate students, half doctoral and half masters, teaching in our first-year writing program. One teacher has nearly reached the limit of frustration. Her class has been reading a group of essays about gender issues, and her students' engagement with those readings so little matches her expectations that she seriously doubts not only their abilities to read, write, and think but their very commitment to learning. One article, "Bar Wars," by columnist Bob Greene, describes his visit to a bar in which male patrons use Uzi-shaped water guns to shoot female strippers. Some of the students decided Greene is sexist, never minding that his depiction does anything but flatter people in the bar. Worse, the teacher is dismayed that almost none of her students found the bar events evocative or susceptible to analysis. "The guys are just having fun," they decided. "There's nothing more to it than that." End of discussion.


In order to evaluate the security of an underwater towed system which is deployed or retracted from the up stabilizer of a submarine, the near wake flow field of the propeller and hull was calculated. The vortex lattice method is used for the propeller based on the lifting surface theory, and the panel method is used for the hull, and also the interaction of the two parts is taken into account. A dynamic model of the towed system was established in the non-uniform wake flow field, and the shape of the towed system was investigated by finite difference method. The results of the calculation show that the security is enough for deploying and retracting cable.


The invention discloses a sertaconazole nitrate cream and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cream comprises an active ingredient of sertaconazole nitrate, and auxiliary materials of emulsifiable paste base material, emulsifier, coemulsifier, humectant, preservative, water and the like. The preparation method of the sertaconazole nitrate cream has the following steps that: (1) the raw medicine and the relevant auxiliary medicines are respectively screened through a sieve of 200 meshes, the emulsifiable paste base material, the emulsifier and the coemulsifier are taken according to the prescription dose to be placed into a water bath for heating and melting, the temperature is kept between 60 swung dash 80 DEG C, and the mixture is used as an oil phase; (2) the sertaconazole nitrate solid composite is dispersed into the oil phase; (3) the humectant, the preservative and the water are taken according to the prescription dose to be mixed and dissolved, are heated to 60 swung dash 80 DEG C, and are used as a water phase; and (4) the liquid obtained in the step (3) is added into the liquid obtained in the step (2), is stirred while added until the liquid is emulsified into primary cream, then is homogenized at the homogenization speed of 1200r/min and for the homogenization time of 25min, and is degassed, so the cream is obtained. The sertaconazole nitrate cream has the uniformly dispersed main medicine, fine cream body and moderate thickness; the sertaconazole nitrate cream is easy to spread, is not white during the applying, has small stimulation, is free from peculiar smell, and is convenient and comfortable to use; the sertaconazole nitrate cream has good stability and is suitable to long-term storage; and the granularity of the cream is in accordance with the requirement, and the preparation method has a simple production technology, and is applicable to industrial production.


Background The projected rising numbers of those aged 65 years and above predicts that the core work for future healthcare professionals will be dominated by caring for older patients with increasing frailty. Anecdotally, fourth year medical students undergoing the Health Care of Later Life module at University of Nottingham indicate caring for frail, older patients is something they have little interest in. This could suggest a disconnection between their existing feelings and the reality of their future work. Evidence shows that frailty is under-recognised in Medical Curriculum¹ and studies show empathy can be improved through experiential learning². We introduced an innovative simulation session entitled "Instant Ageing" to challenge students' attitudes. Methods At the module induction, students completed 5 tasks and a reflection:- 1. Putting on an "Instant Ageing Gert" suit which simulates the experience of ageing, (joint stiffness, loss of strength and grip, reduced coordination skills, narrowing of visual fields). To gain insight on effects, an activity was done and timed before and whilst wearing the suit. 2. Wearing earplugs to simulate deafness. 3. Putting popcorn kernels in shoes to simulate a painful peripheral neuropathy. 4. Writing a sentence whilst wearing tremor simulating gloves. 5. Wearing a stroke simulation suit, and performing activities such as opening medication bottles. They were encouraged to document prior and current views regarding older patients before and after the session. Results 50 students verbally consented and participated. Questionnaire completion rate was 60%. 66% of those who completed indicated changed views. Themes on attitudes to older patients prior to the session were: "they are too difficult to treat, private, nonspecific, unwilling to divulge information, frustrated and vulnerable". Abstract O27 Table 1 Conclusion Simulating functional limitations and disabilities while participating in activities of daily life may allow students to appreciate and empathise with older patients. It also helps contextualise Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment by highlighting contributions from doctors, other professionals as well as others. Further work may include asking students to document their views at the end of the attachment so as to evaluate whether the simulation changed their interest or attitudes to older patients. References . Knight PV, Oliver D, Gordon AL, Turner G. Frailty related aspects of care are under-recognised in UK Curriculum. BMJ 2014: 348g3325. . Oakley R, Pattinson J, Goldberg S, Daunt L, Simra R, Masud T, Gladman JRF, Blundell A, Gordon AL. Equipping tomorrow's doctors for the patient of today. Age and Ageing Volume 2014;43(4):442–447.


This article reproduces verbatim the text of law 194, promulga ted in Italy on May 22, 1978. After stating that abortion is not to be considered a contraceptive method, and that, on the other hand, responsible procreation is to be encouraged, and information and services of contraception obtained in maternal-infant health centers, the law states the modalities for voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Abortion is legal within the first 3 months of pregnancy when requested directly by the woman, and when a doctor testifies, in writing, that the pregnancy could be dangerous to the woman's physical or mental health, or that it would be totally unadvisable for social or economic conditions, or that there is danger of congenital anomalies for the infant. If the doctor does not consider the abortion to be urgent the woman is strongly encouraged to ponder the matter for an extra week. Doctors and sanitary personnel may conscientiously object to performing the abortion, unless the life of the woman is in danger. Minors need the written consent of parents, unless a judge decides otherwise. In the case of mentally retarded women authorization for abortion can be asked by the husband or the tutor. Anybody causing interruption of pregnancy without the woman's consent will be punished with fines and/or imprisonment.


A two-stage Ka-band Doherty power amplifier (DPA) using a stacked field-effect transistor (FET) cell is presented. We demonstrate, for the first time, the two critical parameters in a stacked-FET topology that must be designed specifically for a Doherty operation: the gate capacitance and the bias voltage of the stacked transistor. The two parameters strongly determine the DPA output power, power-added efficiency (PAE), and power gain flatness. Furthermore, we also demonstrate a dual-driver topology to boost the amplifier gain without scarifying PAE, and a proposed bias circuitry to deal with the high gate leakage current of an enhancement mode (E-mode) process. The stacked-FET DPA prototype is fabricated in an E-mode 0.15-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gallium arsenide (GaAs) process to verify the concept. At 28 GHz, the 2.9 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1.7$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm integrated chip exhibits a measured gain of 14.4 dB, an output power of 28.7 dBm, with an associated 37% peak PAE and 27% PAE at 6-dB power back-off. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the DPA achieves among the highest gain and highest power density of all reported DPAs at millimeter-wave frequencies.


An oligosaccharide isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O19 was found to consist of a single O‐antigen repeating unit linked to the core. The full oligosaccharide structure was elucidated by 2D 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the inner core region has the same structure as in other Providencia strains studied, whereas the outer core is structurally diverse between Providencia strains. A pyruvic acid acetal was found in the isolated oligosaccharide and in the long‐chain O‐antigen, whose structure has been established earlier. The biological O‐unit structure was elucidated in the short‐chain lipopolysaccharide.


Objective To investigate the protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride(PHC) on intestinal mucosa injury in rabbits with traumatic shock. Methods The animal model of traumatic shock was established according to Lamson's method.Thirty rabbits were divided into five groups randomly:control group (Con group),traumatic shock group resuscitation with normal saline (NS group),traumatic shock group resuscitation with pcnehyclidine hydrochloride in low dosages (0.05 mg/kg,PHCL group),middle dosages group (0.15 mg/kg,PHCM group) and high dosages group (0.45 mg/kg,PHCH group).At pre-shock,postshock,four time points (T3-T(o)) after resuscitation,mean arterial blood pressure(MAP) and heart rate(HR) were monitored.Plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and lactic acid concentration were measured by spectrophotometry at defined time points.At the end of experiment,the animals were sacrificed and the samples were collected.The pathological changes of the samples were observed under microscope. Results There were no significant differences in MAP before shock among the five groups.MAP in NS group,PHCL group,PHCM group and PHCH group decreased post-shock,but there were no significant differences in MAP among groups.At T3-T6 time points,MAP in NS group (68.8±3.0),(67.5±5.3),(71.0±3.7),(71.0±2.4) mm Hg( 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),respectively was significantly lower than that before shock (94.3±1.7) mm Hg,also lower than that in the Con group (82.8±4.1),(89.8±6.6),(82A±3.3),(94.4±6.2) mm Hg,respectively and the PHCM gronp (83.2±13.6),(82.2±9.0),(83.8±8.9),(85.4±8.1) mm Hg,respectively.There were no significant differences in HR pre-shock and post-shock among the five groups.At T3-T6 time points,HR in the NS group (185±11),(181±7),(164±13),(164±13) hpm,respectively were signifieandy lower than that at T1(276±13) bpm,also significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) lower than that in the Con group and the PHCM group.The plasma DAO activity and D-lactate concentration in the Ns group,PHCL group,PHCM group,PHCH group were significantly increased at T2-T6 time points.Furthermore,at T3-T6 time poinls,the plasma DAO activity (0,393±0,020),(0.586±0.017),(0.844±0.036),(0.568±0.016) μ/ml,respectively and D-lactate concentration(8.292±0.364),(7.539±0.098),(5.991±0.180),(7,108±0.372) mmol/L,respectively in the NS group were significantly higher than that in the PHCL group and PHCH group; the plasma DAO activity and D-lactate concentration in the PHCL group and PHCH group were significantly higher than in the PHCM group (0.111±0.016),(0.302±0.020),(0.501±0.014),(0.183±0.018)μ/ml; (5.664±0.546),(4.609±0.292),(3.310±0,3634),(4.720±0.205)mmol/L(P<O.05orP<0.0l).Intestinal mucosal injury in the PHCM group was significantly reduced compared with tbat in the NS group.Conclusions The resuscitation of PHC combinition with Mnormal saline can stabilize hemodynamics in rabbits with traumatic shock.There was a significant protective effect on intestinal mucosal injury induced by traumatic shock,especially in the PHCM group.The plasma DAO activity and D-lactate concentration can be used to assess the extent of intestinal mucosa injury and barrier function.

Key words:
Traumatic shock; Penehyclidine hydrochloride; Plasma diamine oxidase; D-lactate; Mean arterial blood pressure


A new genus (Eudoliomima n. gen.) and seven new species of the subfamily Alticinae (Chrysomelidae) are described: Altica albicornis n. sp. from Sulawesi; Sebaethiella maculata n. sp., Chabria albicornis n. sp., Spaeroderma tasadayca n. sp., Dentisterna antennalis n. sp., Eucyclomera laysi n. sp., and Eudoliomima submetallica n. sp. from the Philippines. Additional information concerning the Philippine species Chaetocnema philippina, Manobia incerta, and Aphthonoides beccarii is given.


This paper analyses the conditions under which overand underinvestment as a consequence of informational asymmetries on credit markets occur, with the underinvestment not going hand in hand with credit rationing. Furthermore the factors influencing the extent of these inefficiencies are identified. The results of this theoretical analysis are then transferred to the transition in Eastern Germany. This paper shows that there is a strong indication that the transition in Eastern Germany has been accompanied by substantial underand overinvestment.


In order to increase the power output of the Experimental Boiling Water Reactor from 20 to 100 Mw(th), nozzle sizes were increased and other changes were made on the reactor pressure vessel. During the modification process, the reactor fuel and control rods were removed and lead and water shielding were used to protect personnel. (T.F.H.)


Lightweight, implantable lithium/carbon monofluoride primary cells were developed and discharged under a family of constant resistance loads at 37/spl deg/C. Closed circuit potential and internal impedance were monitored throughout discharge. Operating temperature range was also examined from -10/spl deg/C to 50/spl deg/C. The data indicate that the cells should deliver 1.2 Ah to a 2 V cutoff under a 100 kohm resistor and are able to operate over a 60/spl deg/C temperature range.


The purpose of the present study was to obtain a more complete
insight into the electrical and mechanical properties of Yb2O3
- stabilised zirconia systems as determined by their
polymorphous structure with regard to the suitable
applications.


The basic idea of the three-way decisions (3WD) is 'thinking in threes.' The TAO (trisecting-acting-outcome) model of 3WD includes three components, trisect a whole into three reasonable regions, devise a corresponding strategy on the trisection, and measure the effectiveness of the outcome. By reviewing existing studies, we found that only a few papers touch upon the third component, i.e., measure the effect. This paper's principal aim is to present an effectiveness measure framework consisting of three parts: a specific TAO model - Change-based TAO model, interval sets, and utility functions with unique characteristics. Specifically, the change-based TAO model provides a method to measure effectiveness based on the difference before and after applying a strategy or an action. First, we use interval sets to represent these changes when a strategy or an action is applied. These changes correspond to three different intervals. Second, we use the utility measurement method to figure out three change intervals. Namely, different utility measures correspond to the different intervals, concave utility metric, direct utility metric, and convex utility metric, respectively. Third, it aggregates the toll utility through the joint of the three utilities mentioned above. The weights among these three are adjusted by a dual expected utility function that conveys the decision-makers' preferences. We give an example and experiment highlighting the validity and practicability of the utility measure method in the change-based TAO model of three-way decisions.


Belonging to the field of traditional Chinese medicines, the invention discloses a drug for treatment of migraine. The drug provided by the invention comprises the following effective raw material components: Clerodendrum japonicum leaves, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, wild opium poppies, pomelo leaves, litmus, roots of Dentiferous Dendropanax, Cynanchum amplexicaule, Orixa japonica, crape myrtle roots, Astilbe chinensis, Piper longum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, ergot, fructus viticis, radix clematidis and Korean Mondshood Roots. The drug provided by the invention has the efficacy of nourishing liver and dispelling wind, activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation. Compared with other similar drugs, the drug provided by the invention has the characteristics of precise compatibility, mild drug properties and obvious curative effect, can rapidly ease migraine symptoms, dredge qi, blood and venations of lesions, promote vasodilatation, regulate the body mechanism, excite the inner analgesic system, relieve vasospasm, inhibit platelet aggregation and blood vessel substance release, thus curing diseases. The drug for treatment of migraine has the characteristics of good curative effect, quick effect, no toxic or side effect, convenient taking, easy absorption, low cost, treatment of both symptoms and root causes, and hard recurrence after cure.


Grimes and Mishell have suggested that the authors finding of an increased risk of infection with chlamydia and gonorrhea among oral contraceptive (OC) users is a result of the increased sexual activity of the partners of OC users compared to controls (older women who had been sterilized or were IUD users and thus more likely to be in monogamous relationships). The authors reject this confounding effect. Marital status was evaluated as a potentially confounding effect in the preliminary data analysis but was not an independent determinant of chlamydia or gonorrhea and was thus deleted from the model. Grimes and Mishell further challenged the authors contention that the risk of gonococcal infection was higher in users of OC formulations with more androgenic progestins on the basis of the fact that there was a wide overlap in the 95% confidence intervals for the relative rates for the 3 different progestins analyzed. The authors argue however that this overlapping of confidence intervals does not imply a lack of differences in the rates of gonorrhea among users of different OC formulations. A 1 degree of freedom test with equally spaced scores for the 3 OC formulations investigated confirmed that there was a statistically significant trend toward higher rates of infection with more androgenic progestins a finding largely attributable to the significantly lower infection rate among users of OCs containing norethindrone acetate.


The trade-off between forward voltage drop and device turn-off time can be significantly altered by the proper location of a narrow region of lower lifetime oriented perpendicular to the current flow. The proposed structure is discussed and calculations presented to illustrate this claim. Difference in thyristor turn-off and diode turn-off in an inductive circuit and when driven by a perfect voltage source are investigated. A portion of this investigation was reported at the 1979 PESC.


The paper presents an approach to model checking software system designs specified in xUML (http://www.kc.com/html/xuml.html), an executable subset of UML. This approach is enabled by the execution semantics of xUML and is based on automatic translation from xUML to S/R, the input language of the COSPAN model checker (R.H. Hardin et al., 1996). Model transformations are applied to reduce the state space of the resulting S/R model that is to be verified by COSPAN. An xUML level logic for specifying properties to be checked is defined. Automated support is provided for translating properties specified in the logic to S/R representations and mapping error traces generated by COSPAN to xUML representations.


Wireless sensor networks (WSN) provides a global view of the monitors area based on local observations measured by each sensor. In this paper a novel solution of WSN in GMPLS and EPON based integrated Network Access Architecture is proposed. We emphasize on the Routing of data aggregation for WSN in GMPLS (Generalized Multi-protocol Label Switching) which is developed from MPLS and is an inevitable result of MPLS extension to optical networks. By the use of control plane we can employ the GMPLS on the optical communication network and control the optical transport network. By combining the advantages provided by EPON and GMPLS, the proposed scheme can realize fast soft handoff, paging and expected QoS request of subscribers quickly and efficiently. The architecture that extends GMPLS and EPON-based access network to support wireless access is presented in this paper.


Based on the investigation of brick-concrete structure buildings in Zhengzhou,the influences of service factor on brick-concrete structure buildings have been analyzed,and some countermeasures are discussed.


Gyratory shear compaction is currently accepted as a standard for the analysis of the characteristics of bituminous mixtures used in the construction and maintenance of flexible pavements. However, especially since the introduction of this technique in specifications is quite recent, contractors are still not totally confident on the way they should operate in order to satisfy requirements defined as a function of gyratory compaction. In this general context, the Authors show the results obtained in a full-scale experimental site where the compaction, which derives from the use of standard rollers, was compared with that obtained in the laboratory by means of gyratory compaction. The testing site was made of sections characterised by the use of mixtures and thicknesses of the layers, which were combined in various ways in order to reproduce typical conditions met in Italy on major infrastructures. Moreover, rolling patterns were defined in order to obtain different degrees of compaction for each layer (base, binder, and wearing course). Laboratory investigations were carried out in order to evaluate the volumetric and compaction properties of the mixtures in the various conditions met on site. The experimental results lead to develop empirical equations, which correlate, for the considered mixtures, laboratory and in-situ compaction. For the covering abstract see ITRD E118499.


A 12-year-old post-menarcheal, sexually inactive girl was admitted to the paediatric surgical unit with a 2-day history of lower abdominal pain and vomiting. She was apyrexial and haemodynamically stable. Examination revealed a tender mass in the right iliac fossa. Other than a mild leucocytosis of 18,000/mm, her other blood tests including tumour markers and HCG were normal. The initial impression was that of an appendicular mass. She underwent a pelvic ultrasound 24 h later, which revealed two cystic lesions one measuring 7.76 6.5 cm and another 86 4.6 cm arising from the right ovary and the left ovary respectively. There was a small amount of free fluid in the pelvis. The appendix was not clearly visualised. An emergency diagnostic laparoscopy carried out by the gynaecologists revealed a torted right fallopian tube with a large haemorrhagic paratubal cyst (Figure 1). The right ovary was normal. A right salpingectomy was performed laparoscopically as the tube was considered not salvageable. The left tube was distorted by a large paratubal cyst predisposing it to spontaneous torsion. The posterior leaf of the broad ligament on the left side was opened and the left paratubal cyst was enucleated to reduce the risk of subsequent torsion. The cyst's histology was benign. The patient made an uneventful postoperative course and prior to discharge was counselled regarding future fertility and the risk of ectopic pregnancy.


Premature atrial stimuli delivered during the relative refractory or "vulnerable" period exhibit increased local stimulus‐response latency and may occasionally induce atrial arrhythmias. The use of adenosine to treat supraventricular tachycardias may also provoke atrial arrhythmias. In this study we investigated the effects of adenosine on the latency of premature complexes in relation to repolarization and induction of atrial arrhythmias in 14 patients without structural heart disease. A monophasic action potential catheter was used for recording in the right atrium and introducing premature stimuli (S2) at twice diastolic threshold after eight paced (S1) complexes. At short coupling intervals, S2 latency increased relative to S1 latency. S2 was delivered repeatedly at a fixed coupling interval (producing maximal local response latency) and adenosine (6 mg) was given intravenously. Adenosine decreased S2 latency significantly (23 ± 5 to 11 ± 3 ms, P < 0.01), to values similar to S1 latency. However, despite the decrease in S2 latency, the combination of adenosine and S2 more often resulted in transient atrial arrhythmias (11 of 14 patients vs 2 of 14 patients without adenosine, P < 0.05). Adenosine had no effect on S1 latency (9 ± 2 vs 9 ± 2 ms) but decreased monophasic action potential duration from 202 ± 37 to 158 ± 38 ms (P < 0.01). Adenosine was also given to 10 patients S2 introduced at a coupling interval 40–50 ms less than the baseline effective refractory period. This resulted in a decrease in atrial refractoriness and capture of S2 in all cases. Latency for S2 was significantly greater than S1 latency (21 ± 12 vs 9 ± 2 ms, P < 0.01) and transient atrial arrhythmias were induced in 9 of 10 patients. We conclude that for a given S2 coupling interval, adenosine decreases local stimulus–response latency but increases atrial vulnerability to transient atrial arrhythmias. Decreased latency may be related to a shift in the zone of relative refractoriness associated with an adenosine‐mediated decrease in monophasic action potential duration. Induction of atrial arrhythmias in the presence of adenosine occurs independently of increased latency and is therefore not dependent on S2 falling within the relative refractory period at the site of stimulation.


To supplement the problem of subjective performance assessments, a number of objective biomechanical outcomes like kinetic and kinematic variables of each joint have been developed and utilized in sports physical therapy field. Based on the biomechanical outcomes, the organization of the difference ...


Extradition — Conditions of — Requirement of double criminality — Extradition Treaty between Germany and Switzerland, 1874 — The law of Switzerland.


Research on progress of preparation of nanometer TiO2 is introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of dif-ferent preparation methods are compared.Development of application and research about nanometer TiO2 in coating because of its good functions on killing bacterium,atmosphere purification and anti ageing.


This thesis studies the errors of the frequency adverbs "lian lian" and "yi lian" occurring in teaching Chinese as a second language.On the pragmatic function,there are two differences between "lian lian" and "yi lian": Firstly,in the choice of sentence types,"lian lian" can be only used in one type while "yi lian" can be used in various types.Secondly,in style,"yi lian" has more colloquial meaning than "lian lian",which may be related to the different ages when they came into being and the origin they were derived from.


e20553 Background: Recent studies have shown that a strong therapeutic alliance between cancer patients and medical staff is associated with adherence to treatment and better health outcome. Cancer...


This paper concentrates on the control of hand prostheses. It is stated that body powered voluntary closing devices possess the best control potential. Feedback paths are identified and the observation is made that feedback is strongly influenced by the design of the prosthesis. Finally, the operating force feedback path is investigated in more detail. Psychophy sical measurement methods point out (1) that operating forces should not be lower than 2.5N, and (2) that perforated self-adjusting shells should be used for good sensitivity in the information transmission through the interface. Introduction The Wilmer group is dedicated to applying principles of control engineering in mechanical design. Functional structures are conceived of from a system theory perspective, an approach that facilitates theoretical achievements such as feedback and feedforward to be implemented in a mechanical configuration. The design of hand prostheses is one of the main application fields. Over the years, the Wilmer group assessed a set of basic demands for rehabilitation aids, that may be summarised as the triple-C criteria: cosmetics, comfort and control [1]. In this paper, the control aspect of hand prostheses will be emphasised.


To provide a wiring substrate capable of suppressing occurrence of warpage. A wiring board 10 includes a core substrate 20 was laminated on the upper surface 20A of the core substrate 20, an insulating layer 41 made of a reinforcing material containing the insulating resin, is laminated on the lower surface 20B of the core substrate 20, having an insulating layer 31 made of a reinforcing material containing the insulating resin, the wiring structure 11 which includes a via interconnect 42 formed on the insulating layer 41. Wiring substrate 10 has an insulating layer 51 and 53 mainly composed of a photosensitive resin and a wiring layer 50, 52, 54, a wiring structure 12 laminated on the upper surface 41A of the insulating layer 41, the insulating layer 31 having laminated to the lower surface, a solder resist layer 13 mainly composed of a photosensitive resin, the. Wiring density of the wiring structure 12 is higher than the wiring density of the wiring structure 11. The glass cloth 41G provided in the insulating layer 41, are unevenly distributed on an upper side than the center in the thickness direction of the insulating layer 41. .FIELD 1


This paper reviews the school histories of five extremely gifted children, of IQ 160 - 200, who have been radically accelerated. Prior to their acceleration, the children were retained in the regular classroom in a lockstep curriculum based on their chronological age and grade placement. They suffered severe intellectual frustration, boredom, lack of motivation, and social rejection by age-peers, and displayed significantly lowered levels of social self-esteem. A combination of grade-skipping and radical subject matter acceleration has given the children access to curricula commensurate with their academic achievement levels and the intellectual and social companionship of children who share their abilities and interests . The young accelerands are more stimulated intellectually, enjoy closer and more productive social relationships, and display healthier levels of social self-esteem than do equally gifted children who have been retained with age-peers of average ability.


Using depleted oil and gas reservoirs to sequester CO2 is an effective means of mitigating the greenhouse effect. The long-term integrity of the cemented surface of the cement plug is directly related to the risk of CO2 leakage. In this paper, based on the cohesive element method, a new finite element model of cement plug-reservoir-cover is established, considering the sealing location, sealing length, and nature of cementing surface of cement plug. The influence of each factor on the long-term integrity of cementing surface is quantitatively analyzed. The simulation results show that: the cement plug sealing location should be mainly in the cover area, and the minimum length should be not less than 50m; the normal strength and failure displacement of the cemented surface determine the tendency, speed, and height of fracture development, and the fracture development slows down after penetrating the layer. This study is necessary in reducing the leakage risk of CO2 geological storage.


Objective: This study examined the AD/exercise hypothesis which posits exercise enhances neural function and attenuates AD symptoms/delays onset through enhanced expression of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; a peptide that plays a major role in neural function and the mediation/attenuation of the primary AD pathogen, s-amyloid.

Methods: Participants (N = 19; mean 85.5 yrs, SD = + 5.20) diagnosed with probable AD completed a single treatment, regular walking over time (30-min, 3 days per week for 12 weeks); pre/post-test evaluations measured cognitive function and motor capabilities. Statistics - T-test with repeated measures ANOVA with various categorical variables as between-group factors.

Results: Along with significant reduction in falls (z = 2.392, p < .017), change in Cognitive function [t(18) = 5.74, p < .001], Balance [t(18) = 7.43, p < .001], and Mobility [t(18) = 3.82, p < .001] were significant. No main effect was associated with AD stage, Activities of daily living, Gender, or Education level.

Conclusion: Along with illustrating the positive effects exercise can have in the elderly, results of this study support the exercise hypothesis positing regular aerobic exercise enhances neural function in persons with probable AD, thus possibly attenuating AD symptoms and delaying AD onset.


(57) oral medicament Abstract: pantoprazole is at least partially retard form pellets or tablet form of pantoprazole, when administered in complexed with the antimicrobial active ingredients, at rapid onset against disorders caused by Helicobacter It stands out in the enhanced effect.


An exact method is presented to find transmission factors of transmission line filters which approximate a constant delay in a maximally flat sense. The class of filters considered is a doubly loaded arbitrary cascade of transmission lines and open- or short-circuited stubs in series or in shunt, all elements being of equal length and nondispersive. This includes a variety of transmission line filters: \lambda/4 transformers, distributed lowpass filters, stub filters of various configurations, interdigital filters, etc. Explicit expressions, valid for any order n of the filter, are derived for the normalized transmission factor, and for its squared magnitude, and its phase on the imaginary axis. In addition, a table and design curves are provided for the cases n = 2, 3, 4 , and 5 and an example is given to demonstrate their use.


Although medical school regulation is ubiquitous, the extent to which it should be based on global principles is unclear. In 2010, the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) announced that from 2023, overseas doctors would only be eligible for certification to practise in the United States if they had graduated from a medical school that was accredited by a 'recognised' agency. This policy empowered the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) to create a recognition programme for regulatory agencies around the world, despite a lack of empirical evidence to support medical school regulation.


Changes in leukotriene C4 levels during different degrees of myocardial ischemia in humans were examined by comparing radioimmunoassay measures of leukotriene C4 plasma levels obtained during transient and prolonged myocardial ischemia. Leukotriene C4 levels in systemic arterial and coronary sinus blood were determined in patients with chronic stable angina before and after myocardial ischemia induced either by exercise (supine bicycle ergometer exercise stress testing; n = 14; age, 52 ± 8 years) or by coronary occlusion during angioplasty (n = 14; age 53 ± 7 years). Temporal changes of leukotriene C4 were also followed in arterial and pulmonary artery blood within 24 h after the onset of chest pain (acute phase), and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month later in 22 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (12 patients with thrombolytic therapy, age 61 ± 10 years; 10 patients without thrombolytic therapy, age 60 ± 11 years). Clinical characteristics, including coronary risk factors and the severity of coronary artery disease, were not significantly different among the groups. Exercise‐induced myocardial ischemia and coronary occlusion did not induce any significant leukotriene C4 changes in the chronic stable angina patients, whereas AMI patients had significantly higher plasma leukotriene C4 levels in both arterial and pulmonary artery blood in the acute phase compared with those of chronic stable angina patients (arterial blood, 471 ± 164 pg/ml and 477 ±235 pg/ml vs. 275 ± 254 pg/ml or 240 ± 66 pg/ml, p< 0.05; pulmonary artery blood in AMI, 543 ± 162 pg/ml vs. 234 ± 125 pg/ml or 225 ±64 pg/ml, coronary sinus blood in chronic stable angina, p < 0.05). These results suggest that leukotriene C4 is involved more in prolonged myocardial ischemia than in transient myocardial is chemia, and that leukocyte function might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of patients with AMI.


This book traces the development of Israeli and Syrian involvement in Lebanon from 1975 through 1985 and the deterrence dialogue which evolved between them.


To improve the quality of wireless communication and extend the range of networking applications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), a hybrid VANET structure is proposed by the combination of the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) and the Ad Hoc Network. Making use of location information, congestion monitoring and routing switch, we design a geographic load balancing routing in hybrid VANETs, namely GLRV. The mesh routers are deployed to provide backbone supports. Data packet are transmitted in the form of forwarding set to provide multiple forwarding candidates. Three routing switch strategies are designed to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS) under various network connectivity and load scenarios, which are mesh routing when the mesh router is available, geographic greedy routing when the network connectivity is good, and opportunistic routing when the network connectivity is poor. Simulation results show that GLRV can reduce the transmission latency and increase network delivery ratio in hybrid VANET architecture.


The problem of nonlinear development of Goertler vortices and interaction with Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves is considered within the framework of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations which are solved by a Fourier-Chebyshev spectral method. It is shown that two-dimensional waves can be excited in the flow modulated by Goertler vortices. Due to nonlinear effects, this interaction further leads to the development of oblique waves with spanwise wavelength equal to the Goertler vortex wavelength. Interaction is also considered of oblique waves with spanwise wavelength twice that of Goertler vortices.


A controllable drift-free system on the Lie group is considered. The dynamics and geometrical properties of the corresponding reduced Hamilton's equations on are studied, where is the minus Lie-Poisson structure on the dual space of the Lie algebra of . The numerical integration of this system is also discussed.


Evaluation of a spatial join typically has two steps: a filter step that applies the join on approximations of spatial objects and a refinement step that determines the actual intersection of two spatial objects. In this paper, we study the effectiveness of filters with different approximations including minimum bounding rectangles, rectilinear approximations, minimum 5-corner bounding convex polygons, and convex hulls. We compare the effectiveness of filters by comparing the number of "false hits" in the filter result using these approximations. We analyze the impact of parameters such as approximation quality and aspect ratios of input polygons on the filter effectiveness.


The experiment was carried out in a seedling nursery of Federal University of Tocantins - Campus Gurupi. The treatments were into a 2x5 factorial scheme, the first referring to two methods of HS application and the second five doses. The parameters here evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaflets, stem dry mass, leaves dry mass, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, total dry mass, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, relative water content, internal CO2 concentration, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration, specific leaf area, total leaf area, leaf area index, and developmental quality index. The application of HS in S. parahyba seedlings improves the traits: stem diameter, number of leaves and leaflet, chlorophyll b, net photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, total leaf area and leaf area index.


The present invention relates to a SCC equipped with a foam remover which removes the foam produced in the reaction in the SCC. According to the present invention, At least one reactant supply unit formed inside the housing; At least two spinning cones provided on the rotating shaft so as to have a predetermined slope from the upper end to the lower end to move the reactant supplied through the reactant supply unit and rotate about the rotating shaft; A stationary cone positioned at the bottom of each spinning cone, the stationary cone being fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the housing and providing a path for sequentially moving the reactants onto the spinning cone on the top spinning cone; A product collecting part for collecting the reactants moved through the spinning cone and the stationary cone; And a driving unit for rotating the spinning cone, wherein the SCC is provided with a foam remover at one side of the housing. The SCC according to the present invention solves the problem that the foam is generated at the time of separation of the object to be removed from the reactant to reduce the removal yield and the stability of the product, and a foam remover for removing the generated foam is installed, The removal yield of the product and the stability of the product can be improved.


In this paper it is investigated the performance of clutter suppression filters in non Gaussian clutter. The model chosen is Log-normal clutter and the filters considered are the optimum MTI filter and the linear prediction error filter. The performance of both types of filters in Gaussian clutter as expressed by the improvement factor (I.F) is computed for different number of pulses N and different values of correlation coefficient . The results show that the optimal improvement factor is degraded for input non Gaussian clutter. While this situation can be improved if the complex weights are adjusted in correspondence with the covariance matrix of the Log-normal clutter. Comparison of performance of the two types ,of filters for different values of parameters is illust-rated quantitavely in graphical form.


Objective: A comparative immunohistochemical evaluation of p63, CD105, and E-cadherin expression pattern in histopathologically confirmed normal cervical epithelium (NCM), dysplastic cervical epithelium (DYS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of uterine cervix towards assessing malignant potentiality of the precancerous condition. Materials and Methods: The biopsies from cervical mucosa (normal, dysplasia, and cancer) were studied by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and by immunohistochemistry for p63, E-cadherin, and CD105 expression. The expressions of these molecules were assessed in a semiquantitative way by (i) counting p63 cell population and distribution, (ii) intensity scoring of E-cadherin along the expression path, and (iii) measuring CD105 expression density. Result: p63+ cells were highest in carcinomas followed by dysplasia and normal. An abrupt increase in CD105 expression was observed through change of normal to dysplasia and cancer. A decrease in membranous E-cadherin expression was noticed in the transformation from normal to precancer and cancers. Conclusion: The malignant potential of the dysplastic conditions is likely to be correlated with upregulation in p63 and CD105 expression and a simultaneous downregulation of membranous E-cadherin.


Abstract: PT CMSS is a company that operates as a distributor of building materials. Mitra 10 has an assortment of products by category and type complete with a comfortable place. The booking process sales that occurred customers come to the store to make a reservation. The problem that occurs is when customers come to view and select items. When the desired item is not available then the customer will be disappointed. The Company does not have an online booking system that can simplify the customer. To overcome the problems above, the author made design sales online ordering application to facilitate customers. Researcher using Waterfall SDLC model that worked in gradually. In this application has 3 user is a customer, admin and manager. Applications have been made to fix the sales order problem. It can simplify the ordering process online sales.


East-Asia winter cooling and the associated atmospheric and oceanic influences were investigated based on the wintertime daily temperature and circulation fields during 1950–2020. Both the case study on the 2020/2021 cold surge and the large-sample clustering in the recent 71 winters extracted similar circulation signatures for East-Asia cooling, which are featured by the blocking-related anticyclonic circulation in North Eurasia, large-scale mid-to-high-latitude wave trains, decrease in the sea surface temperature (SST) in tropical Pacific, and the sea-ice cover (SIC) reduction in the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS). From the joint clustering of Eurasian circulation and temperature, two circulation modes that have a cooling effect on East Asia account for 41% of winter days. One of the two modes is characterized by the cyclonic circulation over Northeast Asia coupled with a southward-extending negative-phase Arctic Oscillation (AO−), whose cooling effect is mainly concentrated in central Siberia. The other cooling mode, featuring an anticyclonic circulation over the Urals and AO+ in middle-to-high latitudes, has a relatively stronger cooling effect on lower latitudes, including Mongolia and North China. In general, the occurrences of the mode with warming/cooling effect on East Asia show an overall downward/upward trend. The two cooling modes are significantly influenced by the La Niña-type SST anomaly and reduced SIC in BKS through large-scale wave trains, of which the tropical oceanic forcing mainly acts as a climatic background. Furthermore, the polar forcing is more tightly bound to internal atmospheric variability. Therefore, the tropical SST tends to exert impact over a seasonal scale, but the SIC influence is more significant below the intraseasonal scale; moreover, the synergy between the tropical and polar oceanic forcing can increase the East-Asia cooling days by 3–4% and cold extremes by 5%, mainly through enhancing the AO-related circulation mode.


In most countries there is a need for a technique to develop consistent sectoral and regional scenarios for long-term planning or forecasting purposes.

This paper presents a set of models designed to satisfy this requirement. The models are based on dynamic input-output theory, without the linearity constraint.

The focus of these models is on long-term problems and we have therefore concentrated the analysis on scenarios of the general equilibrium type. The models have been constructed so as to be applicable also in situations of limited statistical information in terms of capital trade flow measurements. The method has been applied to market and planned economies. Numerical problems are discussed in the paper.


It has been recently shown that the structure function S(τ)=〈[I(t)−I(t+τ)]2〉 can often replace with success the correlation function C(τ)=〈I(t) I(t+τ)〉. We show that at high pulse rates a serial structure correlator is much faster than a serial time‐delay type correlator and represents, therefore, a significant improvement in the development of low‐cost instruments for photoelectron statistics. We describe a simple serial structure correlator and report some preliminary results obtained with this instrument.


Research is presented into the psychosomatic aetiology of bruxism with emphasis on the personality of the individual and his response to pain. An analysis of the various treatments proposed highlights the value of hypnosis as the ideal way to eliminate the psychological factors causing the onset of bruxism and to provide adequate relaxation while modifying pain perception.


Concerns about the environment have led the society to develop new procedures to properly allocate the products that have reached the end of its useful life. From the point of view of companies operating channels of reverse logistics it is important to ensure both business viability and environmental compliance. This article presents a single case study and exploratory with the purpose of comparing motivations and difficulties for the operation of the reverse channel remanufacturing with the literature, in the case of fire extinguishers. For this reason, technical visits and interviews were conducted in a company that recharges fire extinguishers in Sorocaba region. The results showed that, in accordance with the literature, the extinguishers remanufacturing process provides economic and strategic advantage due to the opportunity to carry out other services such as installation of fire preventing and fighting systems, works maintenance, monitoring of Firefighters Survey and fire brigades training. On the other hand, the researched company does not present the typical problems reported in the literature about the uncertainties regarding the collection of extinguishers, their quality and acquisition of carcasses.Therefore concludes that the company has a well-established reverse logistics operation.


Data were collected for 45 characters from all of the published descriptions of 73 genera of living pycnogonids. Each genus was compared over all characters. equally weighted, with every other genus and similarity values were calculated by means of a restricted version of Gower's Generalized Coefficient (SG). The resulting matrix of intergeneric similarity values was subjected to principal co-ordinate analysis followed by single nearest-neighbour analysis at 0.5% SG intervals of the data as described by the first two vectors.

Four groupings, at 82.5, 81.5 80.5 and 78.5 SG, were well defined. From this pattern was developed the hypothesis of a classification of the genera into 5 orders containing 30 families. Achelia, Ascorhynchus, Boreonymphon, Pentacolossendeis and Phoxichilidium. amongst some other genera, were found to lie in unexpected systematic positions. Rhynchothorax was found to be widely different from all other genera.

New names are proposed for certain taxa and descriptions are given of suprageneric groups.

Further analysis is required to discern character state correlations within the proposed polythetic groups, so that simple keys can be constructed.

The researches were supported in part by Scientific Investigations Grants administered by the Royal Society.

The computations of the comparisons and the analysis were performed on the ICL 4.70 computer at Rothamsted Experimental Station and I offer my grateful thanks to Mr G. J. S. Ross of that institution for much useful advice and for guiding my data speedily through the system.

Without the data there could have been no computations. Through her painstaking help and encouragement in the gathering of data from the multitude of notes and publications, my wife Patricia ensured that the study was accomplished.

Without the pycnogonids and their devotees there could have been no data. My debt to scores of pycnogonid-enthusiasts for their discoveries is self-evident. However, without Joel Hedgpeth's example and his persisting and friendly encouragement, the joys of pycnogonid studies would have eluded me.


We theoretically investigate the process of the efficient ultra-broadband supercontinuum generation in the mid-infrared polarization gating. The polarization gating at 2000 nm is adopted to restrict the recombination of the electron into one-half optical cycle and extend the spectrum cut-off to 270 eV. And a 0.5 fs ultraviolet pulse is synthesized to the polarization gating to control the ionization process. Then the harmonic intensity is enhanced by 4—5 orders, and a 240eV supercontinuum is obtained, supporting a 16 as pulse generation. By filtering out different ranges of the supercontinuum, isolated 110 as pulses with tunable central wavelengths are efficiently generated.


A hedge trimmer (Garden Groom Pro) and a hand-held vacuum (Euro-Pro Shark) were tested to determine whether they might be more effective for collecting the seed of native plants than common hand methods. The common hand methods worked best.


Abstract : An optimum receiver, wave period processor, is derived using pulse width statistical information only. Because of its complexity a suboptimum receiver, a coincidence detector, using independent samples of the wave periods is described. The performance in the form of the receiver operating characteristics of this suboptimum receiver is given for the special case of pure sinusoid plus bond-limited white Gaussian noise.


The aim of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate disease stigma in patients with lifestyle‐related chronic non‐communicable diseases (LCNCDs), which we named the Kanden Institute Stigma Scale (KISS), and to consider its possible clinical application for patients with diabetes.


The most of the up-to-date video data are amateur films consisted of an unbroken sequence of frames recorded from a single camera. In case of karate many even most important world tournaments do not have video broadcasting and the multimedia materials are mostly unprofessional. This type of recording is very difficult to analyze with automatic annotation methods. It is due the fact that a cameraman films the whole fight from stationary position. Only with a help of experienced specialists it is possible to distinguish the karate techniques fighters perform. Due to this fact annotations have to be done mostly manually. We have observed that none of the state of the art papers deal with problem of martial-arts annotated video analysis. It seems that this kind of data might be a very good source of knowledge about a kumite (a fight), a particular fighter and his or her strategies and abilities. In this paper we propose a novel video annotation method that enables both quantitative (numerical) and qualitative (categorical) features calculation. We also present and discuss example results we can obtain from those descriptions with popular data mining methods.


Five smooth gourd genotypes were evaluated for their stability in fruit yield in four environments for five years. Both the linear and non-linear components of interactions were significant during individual year and overall years, revealing the differences in production performance of genotypes in varied environments. The genotype GFE-SMG-Long exhibited highest mean fruit yield with near unit regression coefficient and low magnitude of standard deviation indicating stable performance among varying environments.


In the paper, the fuzzy control algorithm was studied in turbofan engine. The turbofan engine models of "little deflection" model and "large deflection" model were built based on component level model. Then, a fuzzy controller, including the fuzzy-integral mixed controller, smith forecast and compensation, was designed with the fuzzy rules were optimized by improved genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that the designed control system responds fast, has no overshoot or oscillation, and the control precision is high. The controller can effectively solve time delay influence with a great control effect for "little deflection" model and acceleration model.


The present invention relates to a suitable ruthenium electrolyte for the deposition of dark black decorative and industrial layer. The present invention further relates to an electrolyte of the present invention, jewelry decorative and industrial layer of dark black ruthenium ( "black ruthenium"), ornaments, relates to the use of the process of depositing the consumer goods and industrial articles. The present invention, therefore, the corresponding layers and this way also relates to articles coated with. Electrolyte, characterized in that acting in a pH range to alkaline weak acid.


Abstract Nine derivatives of phenyl disulfide having substituents in the o- or p-position, were synthesized, and the lowering of the viscosity of toluene solutions of rubber by means of these deriv...


Summary form only given. The zeroth-order radiative transfer model, also known as the tau-omega model, has been used extensively for decades in passive remote sensing of soil moisture. One approach, commonly known as the Dual Channel Algorithm (DCA), to retrieve soil moisture from this model is to make use of the H- and V-polarized brightness temperature (TB) channels simultaneously in the inversion process. In DCA, a soil moisture retrieval is determined iteratively that minimizes the cost function formed by the sum of squares of the difference between the simulated and observed TB's. One common limitation of DCA is its lack of convergence when the forward tau-omega model fails to return simulated Hand V-polarized TB's that minimize the cost function. Although there are many scenarios under which this non-convergence could arise, a common scenario is the unavoidable uncertainty of the ancillary model surface temperature data that go into the inversion process. Once the uncertainty exceeds a certain threshold, DCA will fail. In this work, a simple mitigation approach for the above limitations of DCA will be proposed. The new algorithm, known as the Extended Dual Channel Algorithm (E-DCA), is based on a reformulation of the DCA's cost function. Analytically, E-DCA can be shown to be a more general formulation of DCA, with the additional benefits of being more tolerant of the uncertainty of the ancillary model surface temperature data that go into the inversion process. Under nominal conditions, both E-DCA and DCA converge to the same soil moisture retrieval. However, under certain conditions (typically over arid regions in the absence of vegetation) when DCA fails to converge, E-DCA continues to provide valid soil moisture retrieval. An overview of DCA and its limitations will be given in the presentation. This is followed by the E-DCA formulation designed to mitigate the vulnerability of DCA to uncertainty of the ancillary model surface temperature data. This prediction of E-DCA's strengths over DCA will then be illustrated by extensive comparison between E-DCA and DCA applied to real SMAP TB's and the GMAO model surface temperature data in various regions over the globe. Finally, the prospect of enhancing retrievability (as illustrated by E-DCA) by decisions as simple as reformulating the mathematical form of cost function will be discussed.


Although religion is shown to be associated with several prosocial behaviors, not much work has been done on the relationship with economic or financial decision-making. This study aims to fill this gap. Surveying 87 undergraduate students under controlled laboratory conditions, the authors analyzed the effect of subtle reminders of religious concepts on time preferences in relation to finances. The results of the experiments showed that reminding participants of religious themes decreased the percentage of present bias by 10.4%.


In the experiments with in-hive bee (Apis mellifera) mobilization on sugar syrup, the temperature has been shown to rise abruptly at the nest periphery, and in the brood zone it differs from the reference values by 0.4-1°С. With mobilization, there is a rise in in-hive relative air humidity.


The growth inhibitory effect of 26 ceramic powder slurries on bacteria was evaluated by measurement of the conductance change of the growth medium caused by bacterial metabolism (conductance method). Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were used as test bacteria. It was found that the growth of the test bacteria was inhibited by 10 ceramic powders. Magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium oxide (CaO) powder slurries had a growth inhibitory effect on all test bacteria. In the cases of MgO, and CaO powder slurries, there was no difference in sensitivities among the test bacteria. These powder slurries exhibited bactericidal action on the test bacteria. On the other hand, the zinc oxide (ZnO) powder slurry inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria stronger than Gram-negative bacteria. The effect was bacteriostatic action. The conductance method could provide quantitative and simple evaluation of the growth inhibitory effect of ceramic powder slurries on bacteria, and was more applicable than the conventional methods, such as the halo test.


Statistical pattern recognition is a system that aims to classify a number of objects to a number of categories or classes. Given a data matrix A, A = {Π1, Π2,…, Πk} where Πi consist of ni point data of ith class then patterns in each classes can classify and separate distance of within and between-class in datasets. In this paper, Symmetric Two-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis proposed to maximize the between-class scatter matrices (Sb) and minimize the within-class scatter matrices (Sw), and can recognition the symmetric capital letter by hand writing such as A, B, C, D, E, H, I, K, M, O, S, U, V, W and Y by using ADL2-D algorithm.


approved (Major pr6fessor) The probable pollution distribution and flushing times have been calculated for the Columbia River Estuary, a coastal plain estuary. The pollution distribution was determined by the fresh water fraction and by the diffusion equation. The flushing times were calculated by the modified tidal prism method and by the fraction of fresh water, These methods are explained and discussed in the study. The widely varying river flow and resulting salt water intrusion were considered, as well as the varying semi-diurnal tidal range. These changing factors cause a complex variation in estuarine classification from well-mixed to stratified. The data used was taken principally from the U. S. Corps of Engineers current measurement program of 1959. The data show a stronger flow on the north side of the estuary during flood tide and a stronger flow on the south side during ebb tide. Due to this fact, the estuary was also treated as two separate channels in calculating the Redacted for Privacy pollution distribution. The results of the various calculations for combinations of conditions are given in this study. A comparison of the different methods is also summarized. The estuary has been found to have a relatively short flushing time, even under low river flow conditions. The variation in strength of flow from the north side to the south side has been shown to produce pollution distributions not normally expected in an estuary. A CALCULATION OF FLUSHING TIMES AND POLLUTION DISTRIBUTION FOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY


Starting from some logical aspects regarding the use of fuzzy sets in representation of multicriteria decision problems, this paper defines the structure of biresiduated algebra together with a corresponding logical system. Different properties are presented. Any goal is associated with an attribute of the alternatives. A domain of its possible values is associated with each attribute. Then the alternatives are evaluated in the domain associated with the corresponding attribute and the goal is expressed in terms of values of this attribute of the alternatives. Suppose that the domain DA associated with any involved attribute A is a bounded ordered set called its membership grades scale. Each goal associated with an attribute A is represented by a mapping gA from X to DA and consists in determining a maximum Pareto point for gA on X. An attribute is called elementary if its member- ship grades scale is a bounded chain (e.g. the attribute "height" with respect to some set of persons is elementary). Any attribute can be considered, in some respect as a logical combination of elementary attributes.


Background: Earlier reports indicate that O-GlcNAcylation might be protective in neurodegenerative disorders. Results: Suppressing O-GlcNAcylation modulates autophagy to enhance the viability of neuronal cells expressing cytotoxic mutant huntingtin exon 1 protein (mHtt). Conclusion: O-GlcNAcylation regulates the clearance of mHtt by modulating the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Significance: This regulatory mechanism emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy for Huntington disease. O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins and is known to regulate a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). We further show that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the basal autophagic process and that suppression of O-GlcNAcylation significantly increases autophagic flux by enhancing the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome. This regulation considerably reduces toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs and partially restores rhabdomere morphology and vision in a fly model for Huntington disease. This study is significant in unraveling O-GlcNAcylation-dependent regulation of an autophagic process in mediating mHtt toxicity. Therefore, targeting the autophagic process through the suppression of O-GlcNAcylation may prove to be an important therapeutic approach in Huntington disease.


529 questionnaires and 3 case studies focusing on healthcare industry of Guangdong province have been reported. The results validate the hypothesis of the Ice River Model,and,indicate that Chinese government is the crucial factor of resuming hospital ownership reform;privatization will be the future of the reform; both legal and institutional factors are the most important supporting factors to state-owned hospital ownership reform and better social insurance system is necessary for that reform.


This paper examines age-based stereotypes in accordance with the Stereotype Content Model in four different age groups: schoolchildren, adolescents, adults and the elderly. Participants were asked to rank graphic portraits of both genders of four age clusters in terms of warmth and competence. The hypothesis that age groups, besides a positive evaluation of their own age cluster, would rate old people in an increasingly negative way as they themselves get older, was not confirmed. On the contrary, young children seem to have the most extreme prejudice against older people. Interestingly, adults and elderly appear to evaluate their own age cluster rather negatively too. Other relations between age groups indicate that ageism does not only affect old people and that it can include positive stereotypes as well. It is also argued, that ageism may have a changing pattern throughout the lifespan.


The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata is an agricultural insect pest in Eastern Asia. Mythimna separata moths have a high phototactic response to green (520 nm) light. The biological characteristics of insects living under light of a specific wavelength at night can change and, accordingly, Juvenile hormone (JH) levels may be influenced by this light. The present study evaluates changes in the total JH levels at different developmental stages (larvae, pupae and adults) of M. separata reared under green light with different exposure periods at night (or dark period). The results show that, when the exposure time per day of the green light at night is extended, the JH levels in the final‐instar larvae (22 days) and older age pupae (8 days) are significantly reduced, and the JH levels in earlier age pupae (4 days) and adults (3, 6 and 9 days) are significantly increased, compared with groups not exposed to green light. Additionally, the JH level of male moths significantly differs from that of the female moths. We suggest that the JH level of M. separata insects could be regulated by the green light at night (or dark period). The findings of the present study will help to explain the relationship between the light environment and biological characteristics in nocturnal moths.


Press offices in progress. Media relations' changes in local governments The article analyzes the organizational and cultural changes in the communication and institutional system in Public Administration. Here two main changes are arising and they seem to encourage important implications on re-organization of communication's flows and skills: the wide presence of web and the direct mayors elections which gets citizens and local politicians closer than previously. In a similar context, the article aims at investigating how Public Administrations are tackling these change processes. Referring to social research data collected on Tuscany municipalities, through 41 deep long interviews to press officers and spokesmen, the contribute explores how they are answering to the changes mentioned above, through their own organ-izational storytelling.
The authors highlight two different emerging attitudes and feelings among em-ployees: together with the increasing awareness about the changing processes that interviewees are living and perceiving on their job, a certain degree of concern seems to emerge.


In view of the bad working environment and the low service life of the piston used in the petroleum and artesian well works,with the purpose of satisfying the property requirements of piston and prolonging its service life,the authors improve the productive technology of piston by designing and developing spray equipment with the flame thermal spray technology,which can optimize the technical parameter,improve the comprehensive properties of piston,prolong the service life of piston and lower the productive cost of pistor.As a result,the good usage effect and economic performance are obtained.


Objective To study the mechanism of occurrence of primary liver cancer in reference to leukomogenesis.Methods Cytogenetic techniques,including R-banding karyotypic analysis and SCD exami- nation of BM cells;the expression of fragility of PB lymphocytes;measures of serum folic acid and B_(12)levels; homologue analysis of erbB-like gene,found in liver cancer by Dr.Zhang XK et al,and V-erbB.Results all(8/8) patients with liver cirrhosis have normal karyotype,but 25%(2/8)patients showed SCD negative of BM cells,as seen in MDS-RA.In same percentage of patients 10%~20% high diploidy BM cells were found,as seen in ALL.There are increased fragility in 7/12 patients,as seen in members of leukemia family.The significant de- crease of FA and increase of B_(12)were found in most of patients,as seen in patients with MDS-RAEB.This sug- gests that the proliferation of liver stem cells be at very high levels.So called erb-B like gene is a part of en- dogenous V-erbB.Conclusion Hepatocarcinogenesis in liver cirrhosis is similar to leukomogenesis in MDS.


Abstract This paper considers the rise of traffic accidents in the creation of the modern city. The notion of accidents is deconstructed. There is a brief review of current literature on mobilities and then evidence is presented of the shifting configuration of vehicle–pedestrian accidents. The epidemic of traffic accidents of cities in developing world is noted and explained. The incidence of pedestrian traffic accidents is shown to reflect socio‐economic characteristics such as age, class and status. A review of the literature provides evidence of the ways to ameliorate pedestrian injuries. Walksheds are suggested as a focus of concern. The creation of a more pedestrian‐friendly city is proposed.


The growing number of IT services in distributed systems increases the need to allow users to keep track of which personal data is retained by which service. User-centric federated identity management (FIM) tackles this goal by enabling users to approve each data dissemination between the providers of identity-related information, so-called identity providers (IdPs), and the consumers of this information, the service providers. To prevent a single IdP from gaining a comprehensive set of user information, user-centric FIM motivates the use of multiple IdPs even though this distribution of responsibilities might result in information redundancy and therefore raises consistency issues. User-centric FIM systems do not cope with information consistency sufficiently, mainly because these systems require that each dissemination of user attributes is manually approved by the user. We propose an approach, named User-Controlled Automated Identity Delegation, that allows a controlled data dissemination based on an automated user approval by introducing an additional party called Identity Delegate. The Identity Delegate is designed in consideration of the following central ideas: (i) user centricity - all data dissemination is still under user control, (ii) privacy - the delegate cannot read or gather personal data, (iii) efficiency - the effort to integrate and operate the delegate within an existing FIM system is kept low. We cover the experience made with an implementation based on Windows CardSpace.


Methodology reform is an important aspect of teaching reform in higher education. This article illustrates how to combine "part and whole" methodological approach on a world history course. The authour points out the advantages of this teaching method and what precautions should be taken.


Apoptotic cell death is an integral part of development and cell turnover in multicellular organisms. Since early 1970's, when apoptosis was defined on morphological basis, plethora of genes has been identified participating in initiation, execution and regulation of cell death. This article reviews these latest advances and describes our present understanding of the sequential events of apoptotic cell death, from the early steps of death receptor initiated and mitochondrial pathways to activation of caspases, and finally, the proper corpse clearance. It also discusses dysregulation of apoptosis, leading to various pathologies, such as cancer, autoimmune disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Acta Biol Szeged 59(Suppl.1):143-156 (2015) Key woRdS apoptosis caspases death receptors mitochondrial pathway programmed cell death Submitted March 8, 2015; Accepted June 5, 2015 *Corresponding author. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


We consider segment intersection searching amidst (possibly intersecti ng) algebraic arcs in the plane. We show how to preprocess $n$ arcs in time $O(n^{2+\epsilon})$ into a data structure of size $O(n^{2+\epsilon})$, for any $\epsilon >0$, such that the $k$ arcs intersecting a query segment can be counted in time $O(\log n)$ or reported in time $O(\log n+k)$. This problem was extensively studied in restricted settings (e.g., amidst segments, circles or circular arcs), but no solution with comparable performance was previously presented for the general case of possibly intersecting algebraic arcs. Our data structure for the general case matches or improves (sometimes by an order of magnitude) the size of the best previously presented solutions for the special cases.
As an immediate application of this result, we obtain an efficient data structure for the triangular windowing problem, which is a generalization of triangular range searching. As another application, the first substantially sub-quadratic algorithm for a red-blue intersection counting problem is derived. We also describe simple data structures for segment intersection searching among disjoint arcs, and ray shooting among algebraic arcs.


Factors that predict response and breakthrough phenomenon to lamivudine monotherapy in patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B have not been well defined.


White blood cell (WBC) count is one of the most frequently ordered clinical tests in hospitals. There are five types of WBCs in the circulating blood, including lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil. The WBC count test enumerates not only the total number of WBCs in per volume blood, but also the percentage of each WBC type. A portable instrument for the WBC count test is currently in demand by the NASA human spaceflight, and also by the on-earth telemedicine application. However, the commercially available tests do not meet the requirement of the portable applications, because of their large instrument size and the large reagent volume consumed per test. This study describes the development of a WBC count technology optimized for portable applications. First, a sheathless microfluidic cytometer is developed for WBC count. This technology consumes only a small amount of blood (5 microlitre) and a minimal volume of reagents (50 microlitre). Second, fluorescent dye assays are developed for the WBC differential count by measuring fluorescent emissions on the microfluidic cytometer. Based on this technology, a portable instrument is built with high test accuracy (maximum error less than 10%). Furthermore, this study explores two key components for future integrating this technology into a self-contained chip. First, a microvalve actuated by thermal blood clogging is developed. This valve has a simple structure suitable for on-chip integration. Second, a micromixer is used to demonstrate the staining of blood with dye assays, and the following fluorescent detection of WBCs on the cytometer.


In high‐rise multifamily projects, one of the primary building design decisions from the acoustical perspective is to determine whether or not to install a suspended ceiling at some distance below the structural slab. The acoustical benefits of a suspended ceiling include an improvement of the impact noise insulation of the assembly and reduced flanking transmission; negative aspects of the construction include lower ceiling height, greater building height, and increased initial building cost. The authors analyze field acoustical impact test results in high‐rise projects, quantifying the improvements in impact insulation due to top‐side resilient matting options and suspended ceiling designs. A summary is presented of the acoustical benefits of suspended ceiling systems compared with the exposed concrete slab condition. The goal of the analysis is to quantify the acoustical benefits of these constructions based on historic field testing to allow for more informed primary building design direction.


Nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl ether (CiEj) surfactants self-assemble into aggregates of various sizes and shapes above their critical micelle concentration (CMC). Knowledge on solution attributes such as CMC as well as aggregate characteristics is crucial to choose the appropriate surfactant for a given application, e.g., as a micellar solvent system. In this work, we used static and dynamic light scattering to measure the CMC, aggregation number (Nagg), and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of four different CiEj surfactants (C8E5, C8E6, C10E6, and C10E8). We examined the influence of temperature, concentration, and molecular structure on the self-assembly in the vicinity of the CMC. A minimum in the CMC vs temperature curve was identified for all surfactants investigated. Further, extending the hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain lengths leads to an increase and decrease of the CMC, respectively. The size of the aggregates strongly depends on temperature. Nagg and Rh increase with increasing temperature for all surfactants investigated. Additionally, Nagg and Rh both increase with increasing surfactant concentration. The data obtained in this work further improve the understanding of the influence of temperature and molecular structure on the self-assembly of CiEj surfactants and will further foster their use in micellar solvent systems.


Martin L. Kaufman, Ed.D. Perspective A century ago the United States was, as it is now an immense, sprawling conglomerate of highly diverse and sophisticated political, social, and economic constituent components, Each component interacted with each other component to create a multi-level and fluid group of constituent matrices. These matrices often produced points of view so in opposition to one another that the resultant legislation surrounding these points of view was unclear as to purpose and unfulfilling as to national needs. Educational legislation during the past one hundred odd years has been based upon vague assumptions as to what schooling can actually accomplish. National and regional needs were, as they are today, assessed from a predominantly ideological viewpoint with very little research to support the realism of the assessed needs. The implied behavioral objectives I of federal legislation during the past century have been, at best nonspecific. The task of this analysis is to examine the underlying assumptions, assumed needs, and implied behavioral objectives of federal legislation since 1867 in an historical perspective.


Theory and practice for the effective compliance analysis are presented and discussed, along with successful case examples, in order to make clear that the Stress Compensation-Displacement Discontinuity Method (SC-DDM) is an useful tool available for the homogenization problem of multi joint sets.The fundamental concept of the homogenization of joint sets and the SC-DDM, proposed in the previous paper, are firstly summarized, and it is shown that an infinite structure of rock mass is homogenized using a unit cell which is a representative structure of microscopic, and that the macroscopic characteristics is able to be defined and analyzed using the fundamental response of the unit cell computed numerically by the Displacement Discontinuity Method. Subsequently the stress compensation scheme available for the analysis of the effective compliance is proposed, showing successful case studies using a latticed model and an alternative model of a single open joint set. It is shown how the restrict stress acting on the unit cell can be removed to compensate the boundary stress condition required, and how the macroscopic strain of the unit cell can be computed from the displacement distribution on the sides of a representative unit cell. Additionally, the relation between the joint density and the effective compliance is discussed, comparing with the approximation by a parallel pillar model.


Abstract:The article advocates for moving "beyond the idea of archival access itself," which the author suggests is an outdated form of noblesse oblige, to consider a new archival model, "a community right," to engage archives and their many publics. Noting that Indigenous communities are sometimes unable to access the very documents and objects they have originally created, and which are now removed from the communities as well as inadequately described and preserved by non-native-language-based (often English) archival enclosures, the author defines the community right as "first, the right to see, hear, reuse, and make derivative works from the archival record and, second, respect for cultural sovereignty, autonomy, and tradition." Archives, then, as such, can become active sites of social justice as opposed to passive repositories "that reproduce exclusion and oppression."


Influence of cladding on square cup drawability is examined using model clad sheets of hard aluminium and soft one which have remarkably different-drawabilities from each other. Addition of a hard component at the side portion of he horizontal punch contour and addition of the soft component improves the relative critical strength of a hard component at the corner portion of the horizontal punch contour. The draw ability of only the soft component is thus improved remarkably in contour shapes with a small ratio of corner radius to punch size and both hard soft components are improved in ones with a large ratio of corner radius to punch size.