To determine the mechanism and strength characteristics of solidification of silt by a permeable polyurethane grouting material, the effects of polymer content, soil moisture, and immersion time on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the silt have been studied. The results showed that the permeable polymer grouting material can significantly improve the performance of silt: (1) A higher amount of polymer produced a greater strength in the solidified soil. (2) The strength of the solidified soil increased as the immersion time was increased. (3) Moisture in the soil was not conducive to improving the strength of the solidified soil. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) have proven that polyurethane does not react with the silt, but they could improve the strength of the silt through physical action. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to find that polymers can reduce soil porosity, and the addition of polyurethane improved the strength of the silt mainly through adhesion, wrapping, filling, and bridging.


The performance of learners in public senior secondary schools in Bauchi State has consistently been low for a long time. There are many factors that may have contributed to the low performance in the State. However, the influence of classroom management practices on the students` academic performance is a matter that has not been given attention. The study sought to assess the influence of the classroom management practices on the learners' academic achievements in public senior secondary schools in Bauchi State. The specific objectives for the study were; to assess the influence of classroom management on students' academic achievement; to find out how instructional supervision affects students' academic achievement. The target population for the study was 11 public senior secondary Schools, 206 principals and teachers. Out of the number 31 principals and teachers were sampled using stratified random sampling. To be ensure the validity of the instruments, both face and content validity was used. A reliability of 0.67 and 0.69 was obtained with the teachers` questionnaire. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaire. Data was grouped, coded, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the teachers' questionnaire. The study established that classroom management practices had an impact on learner's academic achievement in teaching methodologies and therefore leading to little impact on the learners' achievement. Instructional supervision done by principals brought a positive impact towards learner's achievement as this can make sure that teachers were able to complete the class syllabus. Most of the principals did not employ walking in class method during lessons to ascertain whether what was in the schemes was taught in the classes. This study recommends that classroom discipline management practices should be enhanced in order to realize better results, principals should go beyond just the norm

https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJEE/VOL. 9 NO. 3 2023/INFLUENCE OF CLASSROOM.pdf


The observed higher contrast of radiographs made with rare-earth screens as compared with calcium tungstate screens is shown to be associated with the scattered component of the radiation absorbed by the screens. This is confirmed by screen absorption measurements of the primary and scattered radiation transmitted through two regions of a chest phantom. The primary/scatter absorption ratio (or contrast) is higher for the rare-earth screen, indicating lower relative response to the scattered radiation. It is also shown that, although the contrast becomes lower for the rare-earth phosphor as compared with the calcium tungstate when the scatter is reduced, the information-content in the radiation absorbed remains higher for the rare-earth screens.


In this article, I examine the role of the fiction of property in the person in recent feminist debate, comparing Carole Pateman's position with those who are more sympathetic to the image of contract for feminist/anti-racist political theory, such as Charles Mills, Jean Hampton and Susan Moller Okin. I then turn to the question of selfhood. As a fiction, property in the person does not say anything regarding what it is to be a 'self'. However, I explore Balibar's rich analysis of Locke's position on identity. I then extend Balibar's analysis to argue that the fiction of property in the person is associated with an image of a self that is 'bounded' against the outside in a way that is disrupted by this view of identity.


Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a rare and fatal cancer-related pulmonary complication leading to severe pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, and death. Few cases of PTTM have been diagnosed antemortem. A 62-year-old male showing complete remission of gastric cancer presented with exertional dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiography showed marked dilation of the right atrium, right ventricle, and the small left ventricle with normal left ventricular function. Right heart catheterization also showed mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension. A chest computed tomography scan revealed no evidence of acute pulmonary thromboembolism, but it showed consolidations with subpleural nodules in both lower lobes, and a lung perfusion scan showed multifocal, non-segmental perfusion defects. Finally, a diagnostic lung biopsy with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed, and the pathologic findings were compatible with PTTM. Here, we report a case of gastric cancer-related PTTM that was diagnosed antemortem. (Korean J Med 2014;87:593-597)


Three-dimensional laser scanning technology for coastline surveying is studied in this paper.The application of this technology can solve the problems in areas where coastlines are difficult for people to distinguish or reach in traditional coastline surveying,therefore greatly improve accuracy and integrity of coastline surveying and mapping.In this paper,three-dimensional laser point cloud data are collected to build a high-precision digital elevation model and extract the coastline.The precision of the coastline model can meet the requirements in practical work.The operational efficiency and measurement accuracy are also improved Three-dimensional laser scanning technology can be applied to coastline surveying and mapping with broad prospects.


HELLP syndrome is a severe complication of preeclampsia that increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Two cases of recurrent HELLP syndrome are described, maternal death occurring in one of the cases. This study is a warning about the increased risk of HELLP syndrome in the next pregnancy.


Measurements of growth, respiration and ingestion were used to examine the influence of food concentration on the assimilation and individual production efficiencies of Daphnia galeata G. 0. Sars at food concentrations of 2 50, 0.25 and 0-05mg C I1-. A plot of assimilation rate against body size showed an S-shaped curve. In the first adult instar, the rates at 2 50 mg C l-1 were two and five times higher than those at 0 25 and 0.05mg C 1-1, respectively. Assimilation efficiency, gross growth efficiency (K1) and net growth efficiency (K2) showed binomial curves with maxima at the last juvenile or early adult instars. Assimilation efficiency increased with decreasing food concentration; an opposite trend was found for K2. Except for early juvenile instars, K1 was highest at the intermediate food concentration, suggesting that there is an optimal resource concentration for energy transfer efficiency. The lower value of K1 at the higher food concentration was due to lower assimilation efficiency, while that at the lower food concentration was due to high respiration rate relative to the amount of food assimilated. These results demonstrate that food concentration affects the carbon balance not only quantitatively (rates), but also qualitatively (efficiencies). The change in carbon balance with changing food concentration is interpreted as a strategy for D. galeata to maximize its assimilation rate at given food concentrations. Key-words: Assimilation efficiency, assimilation rate, carbon budget, Cladocera, Daphnia galeata, food concentration, gross growth efficiency, net growth efficiency, zooplankton


The Turpan basin is one of the most arid and water-insecure regions in China. Turpan Basin has a continental desert climate as it is located in central Eurasia and surrounded by mountains on all sides, with the lowest elevation of 154.5 m below sea level. Its rivers and water availability are mainly supplied by mountain snowmelt through surface streams and the Karez system. To assess the impact of climate change on streamflow in the Turpan basin, this study examined the long-term trends and change points of hydro-meteorological variables and explored the plausible correlation between them at annual and seasonal scales. A set of non-parametric statistical tests was applied to analyze the trend, its magnitude, and the change point of the hydro-meteorological variables from 1959 to 2012 in the Turpan basin. Results showed that the annual mean temperature had a significant increasing trend with an average warming rate of 0.26 °C/decade. Annual precipitation did not show a consistent upward or downward trend across the basin; however, there was a significant increase in winter precipitation. The increasing rates of streamflow at Alagou and Meiyaogou hydrological stations were the highest in the summer (0.42 and 0.18 m3/s per decade, respectively), which might increase the risk of flooding. The change points of various meteorological variables and streamflow can be generally found in the 1980s, in which temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and streamflow had abrupt changes concurrently in 1986 and had respectively increased by 7.2, 41.3, 5.7, and 18.3% after 1986. In general, the strength of the relationship between annual streamflow and precipitation (0.34) was greater than that between streamflow and temperature (0.16). The significant increase in temperature and agriculture in the basin in recent decades indicates the importance of reducing unnecessary soil evaporation in agriculture to preserve water resources under climate change and using innovative technology to preserve soil quality under increasing evapotranspiration and irrigation. This study provided valuable information for understanding the changing properties of the streamflow in the basin and insights for better-integrated water resources management planning that focuses on mitigating flood disasters and soil degradation and improving irrigation efficiency.


This article discusses developmental changes in perceptions of control, the relationship between perceived control and strategies used by children to cope with stress, and the interaction between perceived control and coping in their association with psychological adjustment and disorder. Developmental research on children's perceptions of control has identifed both changes and consistencies in contingency, competence, and control beliefs during childhood and early adolescence. Developmental changes in coping have also been documented, with problem-focused skills emerging during childhood, and more rapid development of emotion-focused coping skills during later childhood and early adolescence. Studies have shown that perceptions of control are related to the ways that children and adolescents cope with stress. The implications of this research for interventions aimed at enhancing children's problem-solving and coping skills are discussed. Josh, an 11-year-old boy, and Amy, an 11-year-old girl, both share the common experience of being teased by other children. They find such experiences stressful, but they differ considerably in their beliefs about the controllability of these problems and in their actions to try to deal with them. Although


The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) is an international membership organization (with 965 current members in 50 countries) whose goal is to coordinate and enhance efforts in the Human Genome Project (HGP). Formally established in 1989 by a group of the world's leading scientists in order to promote genome activities internationally, HUGO operates as a global coordinating organization to create the networks and channels through which genome information, initiatives, and ideas can flow and be disseminated.


The utility model discloses a coal gas alarm, which mainly comprises a base, a shell and a coal gas sensor, wherein the shell has a spherical structure, and is fixedly connected to the top of the base; an alarming circuit consisting of a coal gas sensor, a sounding device and a battery is arranged inside the shell; the surface wall of the shell is provided with a ventilation hole; a flash lamp is arranged on the top of the shell; and the flash lamp and the battery construct an illuminating circuit. The coal gas alarm has the advantages of reasonable structure, convenience, practicability, wide application, and the like.


Deciding whether a confession extracted by a suspect was voluntarily made is not an easy task. It is admitted that when a suspect confesses, she thinks about some gains that she could get in return, otherwise the suspect has no motivation to incriminate herself. Then, what would be the draw for a suspect to talk? What would be the most used tactic utilized by the police when the police is trying to elicit vital confessions? One of the most favorite method used by the police is deception. When a confession is made throughout the use of deception, it is questionable whether the confession was actually made voluntarily. This question presupposes that any confession manufactured throughout the use of any sort of police brutality is not the confession voluntarily made. There are several things that need to be discussed. First, if a confession is made while the police use the tactic of deception to elicit the confession, and if for some reason some level of deception is allowed to be used, what would be the general criteria to discern which deceptive method can lawfully be utilized? The answer to this hypothetical question is much more complicated than it looks. Bram v. United States, Miranda v. Arizona, and Dickerson v. United States all talk that the criteria for voluntariness test should be a formalistic one. That is, any confession elicited by illegal means, including a confession prior to Miranda warning, should be excluded according to the three cases stated above. In the same vein, those cases also argue that any confession obtained by deceptive means will also be illegal, therefore it will be excluded. This bright line rule seems to be easy to apply. However, those cases never give an answer on what kind of impact the voluntariness test has on when deciding which confession was actually voluntarily made. The bright line rule begs another question on what would be our decision to decide voluntariness when a confession seems to be voluntarily made but throughout deceptive means. I think the right approach to the voluntariness question in regards to elicit confession throughout deceptive means should be so called "the totality of circumstances" test. Some seems to misunderstand the test does not say "any confession, even ones obtained by coercive measure such as violence, torture should be under the same totality of circumstance test." For the confession elicited throughout the use of deceptive means, the totality of circumstances test is a much more meaningful solution to discern whether the confession has the notion of voluntarines.


Using molecular-dynamics simulations we study the thermodynamic behavior of a single-component covalent material described by the recently proposed environment-dependent interatomic potential (EDIP). The parametrization of EDIP for silicon exhibits a range of unusual properties typically found in more complex materials, such as the existence of two structurally distinct disordered phases, a density increase upon melting of the low-temperature amorphous phase, and negative thermal-expansion coefficients for both the crystal (at high temperatures) and the amorphous phase (at all temperatures). Structural differences between the two disordered phases also lead to a first-order transition between them, which suggests the existence of a second critical point, as is believed to exist for amorphous forms of frozen water. For EDIP-Si, however, the unusual behavior is associated not only with the open nature of tetrahedral bonding but also with a competition between fourfold (covalent) and fivefold (metallic) coordination. The unusual behavior of the model and its unique ability to simulate the liquid/amorphous transition on molecular-dynamics time scales make it a suitable prototype for fundamental studies of anomalous thermodynamics in disordered systems.


Synthetic routes to tetrathiometalate complexes of rhodium, iridium, palladium, and platinum are described. Acetonitrile solutions of WS/sub 4//sup 2 -/ reacted with (Rh(diene)Cl)/sub 2/ (where diene = 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) or norbornadiene (NBD)), (Ir(COD)Cl)/sub 2/, ((/eta//sup 5/-C/sub 5/Me/sub 5/)RhCl/sub 2/)/sub 2/, and (Pd(allyl)Cl)/sub 2/ to give good yields of ..mu..-WS/sub 4/ complexes (Rh(diene))/sub 2/WS/sub 4/, (Ir(COD))/sub 2/WS/sub 4/, ((/eta//sup 5/-C/sub 5/Me/sub 5/)RhCl)/sub 2/WS/sub 4/, and ((allyl)Pd)/sub 2/, respectively. (COD)PtCl/sub 2/ reacted with MS/sub 4//sup 2 -/ to give (COD)PtMS/sub 4/, M = Mo, W. The later complexes react further with PPh/sub 3/ or WS/sub 4//sup 2 -/ to give (PPh/sub 3/)/sub 2/PtMS/sub 4/ and Pt(WS/sub 4/)/sub 2//sup 2 -/, respectively. (Rh(COD))/sub 2/WS/sub 4/ reacted with t-BuNC to give (Rh(t-BuNC)/sub 2/)/sub 2/WS/sub 4/. RhCl/sub 3/ x 3H/sub 2/O react with WS/sub 4//sup 2 -/ to give the octahedral complexes M(WS/sub 4/)/sub 3//sup 3 -/ isolated as their Et/sub 4/N/sup =/ salts. The /sup 183/W NMR spectrum of (Et/sub 4/N)/sub 3/(Rh(WS/sub 4/)/sub 3/) showed a doublet with J(/sup 183/W,/sup 103/Rh) = 4.8 Hz. Thermal gravimetric analyses of (Rh(COD))/sub w/WS/sub 4/ and (COD)PtWS/sub 4/ indicate that loss of organic coligands and stoichiometric amounts of sulfur occur at moderate temperatures. The compound ((/eta//sup 5/-C/sub 5/Me/submore » 5/)RhCl)/sub 2/WS/sub 4/ x CHCl/sub 3/ crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2/sub 1/2/sub 1/2/sub 1/ with a = 13.179 (2) /angstrom/, b = 28.725 (7) /angstrom/, c = 8.258 (2) /angstrom/, V = 3126 (2) /angstrom//sup 3/, and Z = 4 and was refined to R = 0.052 and R/sub w/ = 0.059.« less


This paper deals with the detailed Pharmacognostical and Phytopharmacological evaluation of the crude drug Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) Backer ex. Heyne (Ceasalpineaceae) . Morphoanatomy of the Stem bark have been studied with the aim to aid Pharmacognostical and Taxonomic species identification using light and confocal microscopy, WHO recommended physico-chemical determinations and authentic phytochemical procedures. Two compounds were isolated by column chromatography in different fraction of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water from stem bark powder. These compounds are tannins which are confirmed by chemical test and TLC. Methanol and water extracts of stem bark of Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) Backer ex. Heyne , ( Ceasalpineaceae ) gives analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated by rat models.


This paper proposes a model predictive control method based on Kalman filter (MPC-KF) for solving the challenges in simultaneous control of output current tracking, capacitor voltages balance, and harmonic circulating currents suppression, and the operation reliability affected by the damaged sensors regulated modular multilevel converter (MMC), which aims to realize the multi-objective control, enhancing the operation reliability of MMC system. Firstly, the MPC principle of MMC is described. Then, the capacitor voltage prediction-correction strategy based on Kalman filter with only arm current sensor is proposed to obtain the capacitor voltage correction value, instead of using lots of submodule(SM) voltage sensors. In this sense, the reliability under sensor failures of system can be improved. Finally, compared with the SM voltage estimation strategy with single voltage sensor and the conventional SM capacitor voltage measurement strategy, simulation studies are illustrated to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed MPC-KF method for MMC.


Under the Friday night lights of October 23, 1971, Senn High School battled Kennedy High for football victory. In the third period, to avoid a rush from the Kennedy tacklers, the Senn quarterback scrambled and threw to his halfback, Marco Cervates. Cervates caught the ball, turned and put his head down to run for extra yardage as his teammates and fans cheered. A two hundred-pound linebacker abruptly stopped Cervates' run. Cervates fell to the turf, unconscious. On November 3, 1971, at the age of seventeen, Marco Cervates died.(1)


Deep-water deposits in the Xujiajuan Formation of Xiangshan Group are composed of grayish green,yellowish green,fine-to medium-grained light metamorphic sandstone,calcareous sandstone,siltstone and shale (slate). Combined-flow-ripple lamination,quasi-planar lamination and asymmetric small-scale hummocky cross stratification are found in the medium-bedded calcareous siltstone interlayer of the upper grayish green shale,and small ripples are also found at top of the lower grayish green thick-bedded,massive and medium-grained feldspar-quartz sandstone. The configuration and wavelength of wave and distribution of wave height all suggest sedimentary characteristics of combined-flow. Based on the flume experiment and observation of modern ocean sedimentation,this study in combination with previous researches set up a facies diagram of combined flow bottom,and a schematic diagram of combined flow sedimentation caused by flows and waves in relatively shallow water,both of which can interpret (1) the evolution of small-scale 2-D ripple marks to 3-D ripple marks and (2) superimposed relation of combined-flow ripple lamination,quasi-planar lamination to small-scale hummocky interleaving stratification as well as the lamina reflecting the relationship between flow direction and turbidity current direction. The result shows that the combined-flows are responsible for the formation of the combined-flow ripple lamination,quasi-planar lamination and asymmetric small-scale hummocky cross stratification in the Xujiajuan Formation. Based on the fact of existence of internal wave deposition in the Xujiaquan Formation,it can be assumed that combined-flow deposition was the result of interaction of short-period internal wave and turbidity currents. This perhaps is the first discovery of deep-water sedimentary structures of combined-flow origin as well as the combined-flow deposition produced by the internal wave and turbidity currents.


Learning methods development in enducation world has grown rapidly in last few years. This rapid development becomes needs for the education in Indonesia. As the Information Techonolgy has been improved, the learning methods has to be improved also, using the concept of learning management system based on information technology. This concept then well known as e-Learning , bringing a kind of learning transformation. From convensional methods becomes digital , in contents also in the systems . In this case, there is an application to run  e-Learning , which is called  Moodle. Moodle is one of Learning Management System tool which is usually used by education institutions. Moodle is  open source software , can be relied to meet the users needs and supplies some additional moduls. This research tried to apply Moodle as one of alternative learing model in Learning Based Competency Curriculum in the Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Universitas Semarang , especially Information System major. Try out has been done to four classes with two different  lessons and some students as subject.  The result is e-Learning product using Moodle as a software package . As one of evaluation subject, questionaire has been distributed to students as a research subject.


Gametogenesis, reproductive cycle, egg diameter composition and gonad index of the black-lined limpet, Cellana nigrolineata, were histologically examined. Specimens collected from the rocky intertidal zone of Hamdeok, Jeju from July 1997 to June 1998. The black-lined limpet has an unpaired gonad located at the ventro-anterior part, underneath the visceral mass. The gonad index increased from May when water temperature increased and reached maximum in August. It began to decrease from September thereafter, maintain a low value from January to April. The following reproductive cycle were classified based on the monthly changes of the histological features and sizes of oocytes in the gonad: recovery stage (November to April), active stage (March to June), ripe stage (May to October), spent stage (August to December). Spawning occur once a year between September and October. The black-lined limpet appeared to be gonochorism, neither sex change nor hermaphroditie.


The research aims to determine the effect of wheat flour and brown rice flour ratio to the characteristics of lumpur cake and to know the right ratio from wheat flour and brown rice flour to produce lumpur cake with the best characteristics. The Completely Randomized Design was used in this research with the treatment ratio of wheat flour and brown rice flour which consisted of six levels, such as 100% : 0%, 80% : 20%, 60% : 40%, 40% : 60%, 20% : 80%, and 0% : 100%. Each treatments was repeated 3 times so that obtain 18 experiment units. The datas were analyzed by analysis of variance and if there were some effects of the treatment, the analysis followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The result showed that wheat flour and brown rice flour ratio had some effects on water content, crude fiber content, anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity and color of lumpur cake. Ratio of 0% wheat flour and 100% brown rice flour had the best characteristics, with 53.21 % water content, 7.61% crude fiber content, 20.20 mg/100g anthocyanin content, 72.27% antioxidant activity, with sensory characteristics color and aroma liked, texture, taste and overall acceptance netral.
Keywords: wheat flour, brown rice flour, characteristics, lumpur cake.


The existence of a nonphosphorylated. highenergy intermediate was observed in bacterial oxidative phosphorylation, and its formation was shown to be coupled to the transport of electrons (14, 15). In chloroplasts, however, such intermediates were only postulated in the past, on the basis of analogy with the system of oxidative phosphorylation. Recently. 2 indepeln(lent groups observed such intermediates in photophosphorylation (8, 9. 16, 17). Both groups, working with chloroplasts from different sources, found these high-energy intermediates to be very unstable, with half lives of a few seconds, andl only with the development of suitable rapid techniques could their presence be ascertained (8, 16). Because of their instability, the identity of these intermediates is as yet unknown. However, with the use of the 2-stage technique adopted for the demonstration of the existence of these intermediates, the effects of various factors such as pH, temperature, light intensity and cofactors on the separate light and dark reactions were tested (8., 9, 17). With respect to these criteria the wheat seedling chloroplasts tused by the Chinese group (16. 17) behaved in a markedly different manner from the spinach chloroplasts used by Hind and jageiidorf (8, 9). In the present communication the 2-stage technique was applied to Swiss chard chloroplasts. With this system we could confirm the basic phenomenon of the formation of a very unstable, nonphosphorylated, high-energy intermediate in photophosphorylation. In most regards, the Swiss chard system reacted more like the spinach than the wheat one. By introducing a dilution of 1:20 on passing from the light to the (lark step, it became also possible to test the effect of various inhibitors and tncouplers of photophosphorylation on either the light or the dark reactions alone. In this way it was found that certain compounds affected only the light step. others only the dark reaction. Most compounds inhibited both reactions to a variable degree. Materials and Methods


ABSTRACT Extracts from eight Eupatorium spp. were screened for antimicrobial activity using a solid media diffusion test. Of the 32 extracts, ten demonstrated activity against at least one of the tested microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Mucor sp. and Aspergillus niger.


In connection with phenomenon of high anti-seepage requirements of foundational metarial in some crucial projects,it compounds a kind of synthetic material by using different material in different compounding ratio experiment and points out that the material not only satisfies anti-seepage requirement and has low cost but also is convenient for construction.


DISCUSSION The supraspinatus tendon is the most common tendon to be involved in rotator cuff tears, followed next in frequency by tears of the infraspinatus tendon. Infraspinatus tendon tears, when present, almost always occur in conjunction with supraspinatus tendon tears and rarely occur alone. Supraspinatus tendon tears most commonly occur close to, or at, the insertion site of the tendon, with the anterior fibers being most commonly involved. Tears can be either complete or partial (incomplete) and partial tears can be subdivided into full-thickness and partial-thickness tears. Partial tears are characteristically more painful than complete tears, and partial tears are quite common in the older population, with an incidence of approximately 32% to 37% after the age of 40. There are 3 types of partial-thickness tears, classified depending on their location: articular surface, interstitial (not seen at arthroscopy), and bursal surface tears. Rotator cuff tears characteristically present with weakness, decreased range of motion, and pain with abduction and flexion; however, the presentation is also dependent on the type and the etiology of the tear. In younger patients, rotator cuff tears commonly present with an acute onset of pain, occurring in athletes after repetitive overhead movements or after trauma. In older patients, tears are commonly a sequela of impingement syndrome, presenting with an insidious onset of pain. The best diagnostic clue of a rotator cuff tear on ultrasound is discontinuity of the tendon, with retraction of the tendon from the insertion site. Fluid will fill the gap, which will most commonly be anechoic; however, the fluid may be echogenic and demonstrate comet tail artifacts secondary to blood with gas locules. The convexity of the subdeltoid/ subacromial bursal surface will be focally flattened or concave at the site of the tendon tear. There will also be unexplained fluid within the bursa. The supraspinatus insertion is 15mm wide; therefore, tears extending posteriorly greater than 15 mm in length are assumed to also involve the infraspinatus tendon. Small partial-thickness tears, especially intrasubstance tears, can sometimes prove to be a diagnostic dilemma on ultrasound. Intrasubstance tears characteristically demonstrate a linear irregular hypoechoic area within the tendon; however, superimposed tendinosis can further complicate the diagnosis of intrasubstance tears.


This study was conducted to determine the mineral contents and some nutritional properties of five wild edible plants ( Malva neglecta Wallr., Urtica urens L., Rumex crispus L., Rumex scutatus L., and Chenopodium album L.) growing in the grasslands of Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and are consumed as vegetable. Moisture (%), total ash (%), pH, and ascorbic acid (mg/100g) content of the plants ranged from 74.8 to 88.38 %, 8.72 to 15.75 %, 5.50 to 6.93, 42.68 to 146.40 mg/100g, respectively. Mineral analysis showed that the wild plants contained considerably high amounts of sodium (21.82-60.93 mg/100g), magnesium (60.41-77.63 mg/100g), potassium (557.53-1025.80 mg/100g), calcium (154.75340.30 mg/100g), phosphorus (41-93 mg/100g), manganese (0.44-1.18 mg/100g), iron (12.62-53.20 mg/100g), cupper (0.28-0.67 mg/100g), zinc (0.40-1.44 mg/100g). The present study has revealed that these wild plants could contribute significantly to the dietary requirements of the people the Eastern Anatolia region.


This study analysed the results of the joint research into the building materials of the historic masonry of the retaining wall of the Gediminas Castle Hill dating back to the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th centuries. Core samples for material testing were collected along the entire height of the retaining wall to assess its load bearing capacity. Boreholes were drilled 600–1000 mm from the exterior of the wall to determine the properties of the ceramic bricks and lime mortar that were not affected by external factors. The analysis of the microstructure and chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties of the ceramic bricks and lime mortar is presented. The high compressive strength (8.5 MPa) of the lime mortar was the result of using hydraulic lime and crumbs of ceramic bricks as mortar aggregate.


Objective To find a simple,rapid,reliable and effective method for ancient DNA extraction.Methods Four methods based on silica particles and silica-based spin columns(A:Modified Silica Particles Method;B:Geneclean Method;C:QIAamp Mothod;D:Modified QIAquick Method) were respectively used to extract mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) from 5 ancient sheep dated to 4 000 years ago.PCR amplification of mtDNA was performed,and its results were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis.The effects of 4 kinds of methods mentioned above were determined by examining amplification success rates of DNA from 5 ancient sheep.Results The amplification success rates of 4 methods were different from 20% to 100%,and the effects of extraction based on silica-based spin columns(60%,100%) were distinctly better than those based on silica particles(20%,40%).The effect of extraction based on modified silica particles was the worst,and based on modified QIAquick was the best among 4 methods.Conclusion Modified QIAquick Method is a highly effective method,with a 100% success rate,in which Centricon○R ultrafiltration devices are used to concentrate teeth digest solution and purify DNA through silica-based spin columns.It can effectively remove the inhibitor as well as obtain preferable DNA template.


In this study, a series of phenyl β-aldehyde ketones were designed and synthesized as novel dual inhibitors of aldose reductase (ALR2) and α-glucosidase. The results showed substantial inhibition of ALR2...


In this paper, we study a kind of anisotropic p-Laplacian equations in R n . Nontrivial solutions are obtained using mountain pass theorem given by Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz [1].


To study the changes of the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and pathology in temporal infarction of rats photochemically induced and the effects of batroxobin. Methods: immunohistochemical technique and hematoxylin-eosin stain was used to show the changes of the expression of GAP-43 and pathology. Results: In infarction group, GAP-43 expression was markedly increased on the infarction and surronding tissues at 24h cerebral infarction. The expression reached peak level at 72h after cerebral infarction and was decreased at 7d after cerebral infarction. However, in batroxobin-treated group, GAP-43 expression was increased and the pathological changes were much slight as compared with infarction group. Conclusion: The expression of GAP-43 increases in infarction of temporal neocortex and batroxobin promotes the expression of GAP-43 and ameliorates the pathological changes in infarction of temporal neocortex.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the reattachment rate and visual acuity results among patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent scleral buckle surgery with retinopexy by intraoperative cryotherapy (cryopexy) vs postoperative (1 month later) laser photocoagulation (laserpexy).

METHODS
Eighty-six patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment scheduled for scleral buckle surgery were randomly assigned to the cryopexy or laserpexy group.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the 1-week reattachment rate. Other outcome measures included later reattachment rate (1 month and 6 months), best-corrected visual acuity, rate of subsequent operations, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS
The 1-week, 1-month, and 6-month anatomical success rates were similar in the 2 groups: 93% (40 patients), 100%, and 100% in the cryopexy group and 95% (41 patients), 100%, and 100% in the laserpexy group, respectively. Three patients in the cryopexy group and 2 in the laserpexy group underwent 1 additional rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery (pars plan vitrectomy) after primary failure at 1-week follow-up. The types of postoperative complications were similar in both groups, except for eyelid edema. Visual recovery was slower in the cryotherapy group, but the difference in visual acuity after 6 months was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with uncomplicated retinal detachment, both techniques of retinopexy have shown satisfactory anatomical and functional success. Laserpexy offers faster visual acuity recuperation with fewer postoperative complications but requires a second intervention and costs more than cryotherapy.

APPLICATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Laserpexy is a successful alternative to cryopexy in creating chorioretinal adhesion for scleral buckle surgery.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01068379.


An object-oriented microwave circuit simulation environment is described. The design of the program is intended to offer flexibility without sacrificing efficiency. Recent developments in object-oriented techniques and in C++ compilers are used to obtain a flexible and robust system ideally suited to the development of a global modeling strategy for the integration of circuit, field, thermal, and mechanical analyses. The simulation of spatial power combining systems is used as a vehicle to illustrate the architectural developments of the system.


In this paper,we research the unicity of the family Γ′ of meromorphic functions and obtain three theorems and furthermore improve an uniqueness theorem of the family Γ of meromorphic functions obtained by G.Jank and N.Terglane.


Polymer-stabilized tetragonal ZrO(2) nanopowders with average size of ca. 2.0 nm have been prepared by microwave heating in an aqueous solution containing Zr(NO(3))(4) x 5H(2)O, PVA, and NaOH. The photoluminescence of the synthesized ZrO(2) fine particles has been investigated.


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Considering that the eating habits of each individual consolidate in school age, it is clear how important a proper eating behaviour can ensure both a healthy and proper growth and development in the developmental age, and if it can continue to persist its beneficial effects, even in adult life. Diet should meet the demands of all the nutrients and energy to allow the increase in body mass, maintaining all physiological processes and adequate physical activity. By contrast, poor eating habits, not only can determine the onset of chronic degenerative diseases in the long run, but they can also determine, in the short term, the lack of essential nutrients and compromise the development of the organism of the child. Childhood obesity is considered an important predictor of obesity in adulthood (De Onis M., 2010). A high BMI during adolescence predicts high mortality from cardiovascular disease in adulthood even when the excess weight is lost. According to the estimates of the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI, 2010) of the WHO, about one in three children aged between 6 and 9 years were overweight in 2010 (EU, 2014) against estimated 1:46 in 2008. Although less sensitive than skinfold thicknesses, the body mass index (weight/height) is widely used in adult populations, and a cut off point of 30 kg/m is recognised internationally as a definition of adult obesity (WHO, 1995). Body mass index in childhood changes substantially with age (Rolland-Cachera M.F., 1982). For a proper growth is therefore necessary to correct poor eating habits and an adequate physical activity: it has been demonstrated that the sport is able to decrease the overweight and obesity (Shelley E., 2010). This study is aimed to investigate how young people that practicing sports overweight or obesity occurs. For references of overweight and obesity we decided to adopt the guidelines of Cole (Cole J., 2010).


People prefer stability, and governments are expected to provide for stable conditions. However, we live in turbulent times, and turbulence has become a topic of academic literature on governance (Ansell and Bartenberger 2017). Since the turn of the century, liberal capitalism has gone through a deep crisis with its global financial markets; societies all over the world are affected by the digital revolution; climate change has become a reality which nobody recognizing empirical evidence can neglect; and new and old kinds of wars, dictatorships and governance failure in countries at the fringes of modern democratic states have caused rising immigration into affluent societies, the consequence of which bring new social cleavages in additions to those caused by an aging population. Further, in January 2020 the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic shocked people all over the world. As to the political order, emergent patterns of international governance are in flux, European integration is threatened by internal divides and disintegrative processes, nation states are confronted by demands for regional autonomy, and established representative democracies are exposed to changes in party systems, populism, polarization and citizens' rising discontent. These crises and transformative processes had and still have far-reaching impacts on government and public administration. Coping with climate change, governing the internet, regulating global capitalism, restructuring the welfare state, controlling migration, resolving violent conflicts, fighting terrorism, containing the spread of pathogenic germs, holding together constituent units of multinational polities and solving political conflicts in fragmented and polarized party systems are demanding tasks. They raise 'wicked problems', which are complex, intractable, undefined, unique, persistent and unpredictable regarding their evolution and consequences (Alford and Head 2017; Danken et al. 2016). Neither experts nor parties can claim to know how to solve these problems, and even if responsible actors come to an agreement or a decision on a possible solution, no single authority is capable of its implementation without the support or acceptance of public or private actors. Yet


To expand the scientific understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in restored ecosystems, we used 246 soil samples from a rocky catchment (10.24 km2) in an ecologically fragile karst area of southwest China and measured the effects of environmental factors under different vegetation restoration types (managed, including forage grassland and plantation forest, or natural, including grassland, shrubland, and secondary forest) on soil organic carbon content (SOCC) and soil organic carbon density (SOCD). Significantly higher SOCC and SOCD were found in natural vegetation than in managed vegetation and tillage land but no differences in SOCC or SOCD were detected between managed vegetation and tillage land. The environmental factors include rock outcrop ratio (ROR), bulk density, altitude, soil depth, slope gradient, and pH, all showing significant effect on SOC. The proportion of variations in SOCC and SOCD explained by environmental factors was higher in natural vegetation restoration than in managed vegetation restoration, and this proportion increased along the successional gradient. However, the environmental factors driving variations in SOCC and SOCD differed according to vegetation type. Soil bulk density had the strongest effect on SOCC variation in all vegetation types, except for forage grassland, in which the variation was instead controlled by ROR. The variation of SOCD was mainly driven by ROR in most vegetation types, except for tillage land and forage grassland, in which the driving factor was altitude. This results indicated that natural vegetation restoration is more beneficial to SOC sequestration than managed vegetation restoration and thus for mitigating global climate change. Accordingly, future studies should take these different environmental drivers under different vegetation restoration types into consideration when modeling SOC and guiding restoration management.


It is acknowledged that the leaders that are perceived as charismatic by their followers are quite successful in establishing cohesion in organizations and increasing the performance and satisfaction levels of the employees. Thus, it is believed that when coaches are perceived as charismatic by their players, it might play a significant role in achieving the goals set by the teams. The current study examines the charismatic leadership perception of male and female handball players playing in the leagues of Turkish Handball Federation according to different variables.
The sampling of the study consists of 242 handball players in the leagues of Turkish Handball Federation during 2012-2013 season. In order to obtain data regarding the charismatic leadership perception of the players for their coaches, "Charismatic Leadership Scale" developed by Celik (2011) was administered. This scale consists of eight subscales and 35 items. For the purposes of data analysis, reliability tests (Cronbach Alpha), t-test, one-way variance analysis and factor analysis were applied.
KMO value for the scale was found to be 0.895 and Barlett's Sphericity test χ2= 4898,521 at p < 0.001. According to the results of Cronbach Alpha test, the values for subscales were between 0.762 and 0.910. The comparison made according to the variables "sex" and "education level" showed statistically meaningful differences in some subscales (p <0.05). One-way ANOVA test results revealed meaningful differences among the groups in some subscales for the variables "age", "league level", "the duration of working with the same coach" and "the duration of doing the same sports branch (p<0.05).
According to research findings, the players with lower levels of educational background think that their coach trusts them very much, cares them a lot, takes risks for success and has good communication with them. These findings are consistent with autocratic leadership findings by Yilmaz (2008). The mean scores of the male players were found to be higher on the variable "unusual appearance". The meaningful difference observed for the variable "sex" was consistent with those found by Celik and Sunbul (2008), Kocaturk (2007). As for the variable "the duration of working with the same coach", some meaningful differences were found for some subscales, which is in parallel with the findings of Celik (2011).


This study, conducted in an international college in Thailand, aimed to understand the transfer of learning from an undergraduate academic literacy programme to the disciplines. In so doing, it adopted a cultural matrix to investigate the interrelationship among students' perceptions of transfer of learning, their personal beliefs about knowledge, knowing and learning, and their secondary school backgrounds. A three-part questionnaire, supplemented by purposive semistructured interviews, was used to collect data from all consenting students from the final course in a four-trimester programme. The first part of the questionnaire employed the Epistemic Beliefs Inventory (EBI) in gauging students' beliefs about
knowing and learning, the second part comprised the Measure of Academic Literacy (MALT) , which measure students' perceptions of transfer of learning from the
academic literacy programme to the disciplines, and the third part of the questionnaire surveyed students' demographic details, specifically with regard to
their secondary school context. Data were then analysed to establish the interrelationship between these data sets. Open-ended questions to the MALT section of the questionnaire were analysed, and, in order to illustrate and further understand the data analysis from the questionnaire, trained interviewers conducted
semi-structured interviews.

Initial, factorial analysis of the EBI indicated a factor structure that differed from that of the US origins of the instrument, suggesting a relationship between culture and beliefs. While analysis indicated a significant low-moderate relationship between students' beliefs about knowledge and learning and the transfer of learning,
no such association was detected between the beliefs and students' secondary school background. The students' multicultural backgrounds, coupled with ambivalent
beliefs, may provide an explanation for this. The findings, thus,give partial support for the application of the cultural matrix to transfer of learning.

The study makes an original contribution by applying the cultural matrix to learning in a previously unexplored way. In so doing, it aims to generate a general theory of transfer of learning while fostering a culturally pluralistic understanding of learners' beliefs about knowledge and learning and the implications for such transfer. It also advocates an approach that supplements existing classroom-specific pedagogical methods with school-wide cultural management initiatives in order to
better effect transfer of learning.


. This paper adopts a fractional calculus perspective to describe a non-linear electrical inductor. First, the electrical impedance spectroscopy technique is used for measuring the impedance of the device. Second, the experimental data is approximated by means of fractional-order models. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach represents the inductor using a limited number of parameters, while highlighting its most relevant characteristics. Abstract. This paper adopts a fractional calculus perspective to describe a non-linear electrical inductor. First, the electrical impedance spectroscopy technique is used for measuring the impedance of the device. Second, the experimental data is approximated by means of fractional-order models. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach represents the inductor using a limited number of parameters, while highlighting its most relevant characteristics.


In this study, a modified two-site sorption kinetic numerical model that differentiates between the adsorption and biodegradation quantities of a non-carbonized biological activated adsorbent (NCBAA) was developed and validated. Also, the effects of initial naphthalene and phenol concentrations on the simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation performances of orange and pineapple peel immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950 in naphthalene and phenol removal was respectively evaluated . Adsorption-biodegradation model was developed from the modification of a two-site kinetic numerical model by combining the elements of adsorption and biodegradation models and validation of the model carried out through the application of batch adsorption-biodegradation equilibrium and kinetic experimental data. Results showed that the model predictions of the naphthalene and phenol concentrations are in good agreement with the experimental data. For simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation of naphthalene by orange peel immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa , adsorption rate coefficient increased with initial naphthalene concentration and biodegradation rate coefficient decreased with increased initial concentration; and for phenol simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation by pineapple peel immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa , adsorption rate coefficient decreased with increased initial phenol concentration and biodegradation rate coefficient increased with increased initial phenol concentration. Thus, the adsorption-biodegradation model is a reasonable tool for simulating the adsorption-biodegradation behaviors of aromatic hydrocarbons in NCBAA. Keywords: Bacteria; Simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation; Phenol; Naphthalene; Non-carbonized biological activated adsorbent; Numerical model.


think you have the world figured, trust me, that's just when the world's got you figured and is about to spring and break your back." Similarly, the last story, "The Blood Drip," contains an injured man, a listening man, a campfire, and a story. Again, the injured man tells a story, only the listening man responds differently this time. He doesn't want to hear the story. The listening men in both stories can be seen as a simulacrum for the reader. Evenson predicts that we're driven by the tantalizing mystery and fringe lethality of his stories in "Black Bark," but by "The Blood Drip," the reader has been changed by the macabre collection. Evenson's trying to tell us that a story can change us through its telling, and sometimes that's a dangerous thing. Or maybe you believe the injured man when he desperately pleads for an audience: "It's just a story. A story can't hurt." These stories seem like not only an interrogation of Evenson's relationship with his reader, but almost an apology. Understanding that sharing a story or idea is like a bell that can't be unrung, he seems to question the implications of his role as an author. Evenson at his most cerebral in "A Collapse of Horses" explores a popular thought experiment from quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's Cat. Our narrator encounters collapsed horses, but flees before learning if the horses were dead or alive. "They remain both alive and dead, which makes them not quite alive, nor quite dead. And what, in turn, carrying that paradoxical knowledge in your head, does that make you?" The uncertainty changes him into someone who will go to any lengths to find even a semblance of certainty. "Any Corpse" keeps its readers in the dark. Not only do we struggle to understand the significance of each plot point, but we're forced to watch as characters have the epiphany we so greatly desire. We puzzle over the story with each new detail, and it isn't until the very end that everything comes together. Brian Evenson. A Collapse of Horses. Coffee House Press, 2016.


Microfinance (small scale lending to the poor) is integrated into a dynamic macroeconomic model of income distribution. Two-period-lived agents, belonging to overlapping generation of dynastic families, choose between three alternative occupations - subsistence production, small-scale project investment and large-scale project investment. Subsistence activity is costless and riskless, whilst project investment is the opposite and may require external funding from financial institutions with imperfect powers of contract enforcement. In the absence of microfinance, only large-scale, collateralised loans are available through the traditional banking sector. Under such circumstances, initial inequalities persist as only the wealthy are able to acquire these loans, and as the small-scale enterprise is either not feasible or not profitable. With the introduction of microfinance, this venture is made both possible and attractive through the provision of non-collateralised loans and other features of microlending arrangements. Poverty and inequality are reduced as a result.


A new family of blind nonlinear channel identification techniques are introduced that exploit the cyclostationary nature of most data communication signals to achieve significant advantages over conventional methods. These methods place less restrictions on the input signal, use lower order statistics, require less computation, are simple (direct solutions result for blind identification of most nonlinear models) and make use of the obvious relationship between spectral correlation and nonlinearity. Some simple frequency domain methods are proposed for blind identification of quadratic time-invariant nonlinear models that require computation of only the cyclic autocorrelation of the received sequence. These methods can be extended to the case of higher order nonlinear models. Linear subsystems in the models are allowed to be of nonminimum phase (NMP). A rational sampling scheme is suggested for estimation of spectral correlation in a bandlimited cyclostationary signal with high spectral correlation resolution. The results are supported by Monte-Carlo simulations.<<ETX>>


In modern open-air museums not only monuments, but also environment the landscapes which historically developed as a result of long interaction of the human being and the nature are objects of protection and revitalization. Till last decade the XX century the cultural landscape wasn't considered as independent object of heritage, and it represented a component of sights as the environment surrounding of a monument. The Convention on protection of the World Heritage (1992) allocated three main categories of cultural landscapes: the purposefully created man-made, created on a special plan (gardens, parks, objects of landscape architecture, natural and technical systems, landscapes of settlements), naturally developed created as a result of processes of purposeful activity and natural evolution (rural, ethnic, historical and industrial, etc.) and associative the cultures which are associated with any phenomenon (memorable places, sacral districts, creativity places, etc.). Being the carrier of historical memory, the landscape needs special methods of preservation. The most reliable and effective is the muzeumification which is guided by modern concepts of its research. In Russian science there are three main approaches to studying of a cultural landscape: geographical (classical) approach where the landscape is studied as historically adapted by the human being for an environment and a geographical position; ethnological and geographical approach on which the landscape is considered as the environment mastered by a certain ethnos and information and axiological approach where the cultural landscape is investigated as a complex of material and non-material values. Today the concept "cultural landscape" is in focus of interests both " natural sciences", and "humanities", being gradually displaced from geographic area in the social and cultural. The Russian scientists conduct purposeful development of the new methodological bases of research of cultural and natural heritage, strategy of preservation of unique territories with complex regeneration of historical and cultural monuments, traditional forms of managing and environmental management. The priority in this area belongs to the Russian research institute of cultural and natural heritage of D.S. Likhachyov. Memorial estates, national and historical parks, the ecomuseums, ethnoparks and other types of open-air museums, are the most effective model of preservation and presentation of cultural and natural heritage allowing to keep and exhibit objects of heritage in authentic historical, ethnocultural and natural environment. In this case not only monuments of architecture, but also a cultural landscape acts as objects of heritage. Today cultural landscapes are considered as a result of coauthor-ship of the human being and the nature possessing exclusive historical and cultural value and including all complex of the material and non-material values connected with historical formation of the territory. The Russian model of preservation of cultural landscapes in the long term has to correspond to the international programs and tasks which are put forward by UNESCO. So far it should be noted that, despite a large number of acts on protection of heritage, we considerably lag behind many European countries in preservation of historical and cultural landscapes and other objects of heritage.


: 50 known cases of Cirrhosis were evaluated by Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) to detect various intrahepatic and extrahepatic manifestations of Cirrhosis. Four scans of hepatic parenchyma were obtained after the administration of contrast material. The Late arterial , Portal venous , Nephrogenic and Delayed phases were acquired with a 35-40 sec, 60 sec , 100 sec and 5 min delay time respectively, after contrast material injection. Hepatic surface irregularity, Ascites & Splenomegaly are commonly seen and well detected on MDCT. Collateral formation and portal vein thrombosis, Regenerative and Dysplastic nodules are well diagnosed on MDCT. Hepatocellular Carcinoma is well detected and confirmed on MDCT study. MDCT Scan is highly Sensitive and Specific for diagnosis of complications of cirrhosis like Hepatocellular carcinoma, Portal vein- hepatic vein & splenic vein thrombosis, Collateral formation, Retroperitoneal edema and Bowel wall thickening.


The formation of charge-transfer (CT) complexes of unsaturated spiro ortho esters such as 2-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.4]nonane(I) and 2-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.6]undecane(II) with maleic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride (Manh), dimethyl maleate (DMM), and N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) was ascertained by ultraviolet (UV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The stoichiometries of these complexes were estimated as 1:1. The determination of their equilibrium constants (K) was attempted by using the Hanna-Ashbough equation with NMR spectroscopy. Although K values for I-DMM and II-DMM were specified as 0.266 and 0.336 L/mol, respectively, those for the other systems could not be obtained but were assumed to be negligible small (K ≪ 1). Copolymerization of these systems which was carried out without an initiator determined that spontaneous copolymerization occurs in all cases but that the copolymerization rates of I-DMM and II-DMM systems are slow. The systems in which Manh or DMM was used as an acceptor monomer gave the alternating copolymers at various monomer to feed ratios. The terpolymerizaton of the I–Manh–DMM system established that DMM takes little part in giving the alternating copolymers I and Manh. Consequently, it was assumed that the reactivity of the CT complex monomer is dependent on the contribution of the dative structure to CT complex.


PurposeA new and explicit form of the elastic strain-energy function for modeling large strain elastic responses of soft solids is constructed based on Hencky's logarithmic strain tensor.Design/methodology/approachWell-designed invariants of the Hencky strain are introduced for characterizing deformation modes and, furthermore, a new interpolating technique is proposed for combining piecewise splines into a single smooth function.FindingsWith this new form and this new technique, objectives in three respects may be achieved for the first time.Originality/valueFirst, no adjustable parameters need to be treated. Second, large strain responses for three benchmark modes are derivable in a decoupled sense without involving strongly nonlinear coupling effects. Finally, large strain data may be automatically and accurately matched for three benchmark modes, including uniaxial, equi-biaxial and plane-strain extension. Numerical examples are presented and compared with usual approaches.


Extraction and separation of aspartate aminotransferase using aqueous two phase system has been studied. The polyethylene glycol(PEG)/salt system has been systematic researched, the system of 18% PEG1 000/20%Na_2HPO_4 is fine to separate aspartate aminotransferase. Many factors which affecting the ability of phase separation and extraction has been investigated, and in this case, the partition coefficient and purification coefficient of aspartate aminotransferase is 2.36 and 2.94 respectly.


ABSTRACT Conventional stories about conflicts often miss the role of everyday practices in escalating and de-escalating violence and how intersecting social dynamics of gender, ethnicity, age, and religion shape these practices. In this article, we introduce the Special Section on Gender and the Micro-Dynamics of Violent Conflicts. Situating the section within the scholarship on gender and violent conflict, we discuss the opportunities and paradoxes opened up by the adoption of a micro-level approach. We present theoretical and methodological reflections that emerge from the findings of the contributions and that arose in the process of implementing the research project on which these articles draw. We also reflect on the practical implications of our research. Specifically, we discuss conundrums of violent conflict research regarding two key feminist concepts – namely, gender and intersectionality – and explore (explanatory) arguments about the complex intersectional relationships between gender and violent conflict.


Writing the history of modem architecture after the fall of the Iron Curtain Review of: Hans Ibelings, European Architecture since 1890, Amsterdam: SUN, 2011, 236 pp., 735 col. illus. 38 EUR, ISBN 978 90 8506 8815It might appear that students of modem architecture have a plethora of publications to choose from. However, most of these books attract attention only by offering a mass of color images, while the accompanying texts are either quite shallow or else based on long surpassed ideas and notions. To find an innovative approach, especially in a thematically encompassing work, is rare.There were efforts to write the history of modem architecture even before Le Corbusier designed the famous Villa Savoye and Mies van der Rohe excelled with his Barcelona exhibition pavilion. However, these efforts stemmed from architects themselves, and the resulting texts had the qualities of manifestoes or polemics, rather than of a historian's discourse. In 1936, Nikolaus Pevsner published a book about the pioneers of the Modernist movement, and five years later, the art historian Sigfried Giedion followed with a best-selling work about a similar topic.1 Yet even these publications ostentatiously pursued promotional, or even propagandist, goals - by striving to demonstrate the historical legitimacy of the functionalist avantgarde and to highlight its revolutionary role and its status of a decisive historical turn. Whether the key criterion was novelty and timeliness, or on the contrary a timeless and eternal validity, in either case was the Modernist movement put on a pedestal as the only correct form, and the abstract white cube was presented as the absolute ideal and a Hegelian transcending perfection of the previous development. It was characteristic that both Pevsner and Giedion were primarily interested in the aesthetic aspect of these objects, while completely ignoring the architect's task to make a steady, reliable building or to fill out a purposeful blueprint. This kind of interpretation was shown as inadequate already in the 1960s, and from then on, Pevsner's and Giedion's works have been criticized as clever manipulations with facts, driven by the effort to reach conclusions that have been set in advance.2 The characterizations of modem architecture they provide are never descriptive, but rather always to a degree normative. Nowadays there is abroad consensus that modernity had more numerous forms, and contained more inner contradictions, than the promoters of the avant-garde were willing to admit.3 Thus, the mythologies they produced not only falsify the story of modem architecture and marginalize any achievement that does not fit their adopted schema, but also, as pointed out by Reyner Banham, conceal the fact that the Modemist movement remained a utopia, never fulfilling its proclaimed goal - to provide the environment for an ideal community of free individuals.4One crucial incentive for a substantive revision of the historiography of architecture was the advance of postmodern relativism: history, until then understood as a single grand narrative, has lost its previous universality and coherence; no more does it consist of a chain of causes and necessary effects, whose logic determines that architecture must develop this and no other way. It is more and more strongly apparent that the Modemist movement comprised several different, often mutually incompatible lines of development, running not subsequently but rather in parallel. This is why Kenneth Frampton - to take one example - composed his Modern Architecture: A Critical History as a loose set of stories.5 However, his book is a proof of the inertial force of the reductive concept of Modernism whose key elements remain the avant-garde, revolution, innovation, and progress. Are there any alternative paths that the historiography of modem architecture might take?An answer is sought by European Architecture since 1890, the new book of the Dutch architectural critic and historian Hans Ibelings, well-known as the founder and long-time editor of the A10 review. …


This work shows that there is significant scope for the development of static solar concentrators to be integrated into the façade of buildings. It has shown that solar concentrators using parabolic reflectors may be well suited to applications in mid-latitude locations, however, the non-uniform illumination they provide means they are perhaps better suited to thermal applications. Due to the non-uniform nature of illumination provided by a parabolic reflector, flat reflectors provide an ideal compromise for building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) concentrators. Keywordssolar energy; photovoltaics; concentrator; building integrated


AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the stability of immediate-loaded single implants with periotest.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this in vivo study, dental implants with a length ranging from 10 to 13 mm and diameter of 3.0-4.2 mm were utilized. Stability of dental implant was evaluated using the Periotest® M handheld device before loading, at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year.

RESULTS
Implants 11.5 mm in length had the highest mean periotest value (0) after placement, whereas 10 mm-long implant had a value of -0.31 and 13 mm had a value of -0.48. After 1 month, 10 mm had a value of 1.23, 11.5 mm had a value of -0.32, and 13.0 mm had a value of -0.24. After 6 months, 10 mm had a value of 1.78, 11.5 mm had a value of -0.4, and 13.0 mm had a value of -0.41. After 1 year, 10 mm had a value of -0.54, 11.5 mm had a value of -0.51, and 13.0 mm had a value of -0.48. There was an unconstructive relationship between implant length and the average periotest score. There was also an unconstructive association between the implant diameter and the mean periotest value.

CONCLUSION
The implant with long and greatest diameter had higher stability. Periotest can be used to determine dental implant stability.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Periotest is useful in determining dental implant stability. Large-scale studies may be helpful in obtaining useful results.


The theology of the Gospel of John and the Johannine Epistles, and the development of the church. 'A book of first-rate importance which no New Testament student can afford not to read.' William Barclay


Purpose: The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of influencer marketing in promoting financial products in the banking sector of Pakistan and also to identify the factors through which banks are successfully implementing influencer marketing. Research Design: In this study, the researcher adopted quantitative research design, and all the data were collected through survey questionnaires using five-point Liker scale, and a sample of 300 consumers were selected in Pakistan. The collected data analysed by the researcher through Frequency analysis and Correlation analysis. In addition to this, as the researcher employed the instrument of questionnaire, thereby, to check the reliability of the instrument, the reliably testing was done, and the instrument was found to be reliable. Findings: It was found in the study that there was strong relationship between the influencer marketing and promotion of financial products. The study has found that customer reach, customer preference and engagement, shareable content and promotional tools are the factors through which banks are practising influencer marketing. Besides, it was further analysed that on the promotion of financial products in Pakistani banking sector. Limitations: The main limitation of the study is that this study specifically focused on the banking sector of Pakistan, which means the findings of the study is limited to the banking sector of Pakistan only. Besides, there had been limited knowledge possessed by respondents despite the awareness of the topic as they were all consumers, and not bank managers or experts, so future studies can be conducted among bank managers or field experts.   Keywords: Digital Marketing, Influencer Marketing, Customer Engagement, Financial Products, Banking, Pakistan DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/68-06 Publication date: June 30 th 2020


CD5 antigen expression in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is exceptionally rare. There are six detailed case reports in the literature, with only 16 cases described. Case series analyzing the frequency of aberrant B‐ALL immunophenotypes suggest that this variant may occur in as little as 2‐4.5% of all B‐ALL cases, with one series having no CD5+ positive cases. Herein we report a case of CD5+ B‐ALL in a 15‐year‐old female, and review the previously reported cases. As limited information is available, more data from prospective clinical trials are required to determine whether CD5 positivity portends a poorer prognosis.


Informally, essential dimension is the minimal number of parameters required to define an algebraic object. This invariant has numerous connections to Galois cohomology, linear algebraic groups and birational geometry. In particular, the essential dimension of finite groups has connections to the Noether problem, inverse Galois theory and the simplification of polynomials via Tschirnhaus transformations. This thesis studies finite groups of low essential dimension using methods from birational geometry. Specifically, the main results are a classification of finite groups of essential dimension 2, and a proof that the alternating and symmetric groups on 7 letters have essential dimension 4.


To the Editor:

Our laboratory has extensive experience in developing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)1 methods for routine use in the clinical laboratory. We previously developed an LC-MS/MS assay for serum testosterone and androstenedione (1). In collaboration with the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (NATSAL) working group, we have now developed an LC-MS/MS assay for salivary testosterone (Sal-T). Sal-T is a filtrate of plasma containing only the free fraction. Free testosterone (FT) is considered the physiologically active form and more accurately reflects androgen exposure in target tissues than serum total testosterone. Methods to measure serum FT are unsuitable for the routine clinical laboratory, and the reliability of mathematical algorithms to derive serum FT are questionable, with no consensus. Direct measurement of Sal-T therefore offers a potentially more accurate and convenient alternative to measuring serum FT, particularly in conditions affecting sex hormone–binding globulin.

Our method used samples collected via an unstimulated passive-drool technique. Volunteers rinsed their mouth with water, refrained from eating, and did not brush their teeth 30 min before sampling. Samples were collected by drooling down a plastic straw into a collection vial; the saliva sample was then frozen at −80 °C. Samples were thawed, mixed, and centrifuged; the clear supernatant was then used for analysis.

Sample preparation involved …


In order to meet the demand of measuring the impact location dispersion of a double barrel canon automatically,the principle of the seven-light-screen array was put forward.The seven-light-screen array can be set up by adding a light screen in the middle of the double Ⅴ type six-light-screen array.Based on the principle of that the firing position is on the corresponding projectile ballistic line,an algorithm of identifying the time sequence of the same projectile going through the seven-light-screen array was identified.The method was simulated and verified on MATLAB.The results show that the method is feasible and it can be used to measure the impact location dispersion parameters of the double barrel canon.


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Abstract The problems of poverty are complex, and tackling them demands cooperation between specialists with diverse backgrounds in both the natural and social sciences.Calls for interdisciplinary research in development are therefore siren. Yet facilitating such interdisciplinary work, by for example the current sustainable livelihoods approach, has proved difficult. This paper reflects on personal experiences working with research teams in development contexts in Asia and the Pacific, seasoned with some comments on the British higher education environment from my position as head of a university department, in an attempt to locate problems in interdisciplinary research and suggest ways forward. It eschews talk of solutions, since the forces at work appear simultaneously both to promote and hinder interdisciplinary research. It is more appropriate instead to think in terms of a balancing act – of accommodating different perspectives while facilitating interpenetration, of challenging narrow disciplinary views without threatening intellectual tumult. The emerging approach of indigenous knowledge research, which is evolving from the relatively new participatory approaches to development, is put forward as a promising context in which to advance interdisciplinary research. This is an approach with roots in anthropology, which itself has a long tradition of working in an interdisciplinary way – but in common with other broadbased disciplines, such as geography, it also therefore experiences problems of disciplinary integrity. The discussion concludes by asking why such disciplines have been more effective as engines of interdisciplinary research, and suggests that they encounter problems of squaring depth with breadth. I argue that by focusing on indigenous knowledge, that is by allowing local perspectives to play a prominent role in any project, interdisciplinary research should be facilitated, since such knowledge is inherently holistic in perspective. Even so, problems remain, many of them apparently inescapable given the paradoxes characterising interdisciplinary research, compounded by the conundrums of crosscultural communication.


The dielectric strength of colza oil (specific gravity ·91) was found to be 2·7, that of air at the ordinary pressure being unity- The rest of the paper is taken up with a description of the phenomena accompanying under different conditions the spark discharge through the oil.


Although this was my first book, I didn't feel like a beginner. A book is a book. For me, writing poems was first and foremost speaking from the heart. Days I was occupied with [teaching] school. I wrote the poems mostly at night. The poverty of the Jewish population, the limitations on Jewish livelihood lay heavy on my heart, and writing the poems, I often shed a tear. The occasion of my book was not a celebration for me, but a kind of easing up, a kind of unloading. At that time I composed a poem that began with these lines:


We present a quantitative study of the bicontinuous cubic phases inthe di-dodecyl alkyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-rac-glycerol (rac-di-12:0 β-GlcDAG) lipid-water system. A temperature-composition phase diagram determined using X-ray diffraction shows Ia3d and Pn3/Pn3m cubic phase regions in addition to inverted hexagonal (H II ) and several lamellar phase regions. The diffraction data was used to determine the lattice repeat vector, d, and, using suitable models, the lipid monolayer thickness, d L , for all temperatures and compositions in the diagram. The models chosen for the cubic phases were based on lipid bilayers straddling infinitely periodic minimal surfaces (IPMS) as described previously in the literature [1]. Using the structural data derived from teh phase diagram, the lyotropic phase transition between the two cubics was modeled by a simple curvature free energy theory. A new result of this theory was an estimate for the Gaussian curvature bending modulus of the lipid monolayer. The model was found to quantitatively describe the phase transition, particularly for phase behavior at low hydratation. Our model suggests some universal features should be present in any system that shows non-lamellar phases and we discuss those features with respect to the phase diagrams available in the literature


OBJECTIVE
An early ovarian failure and sterility, on patients often still young, may result from some of the anticancerous treatments. Ovarian cryopreservation is a research way for fertility restoration on patients who will have gonadotoxic treatment. The aim of our work was to study the cases of ovarian tissue preserved in our Department, enabling us to assess the clinical and ethical problems of this technique.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted from January 2001 onwards up to October 2005, on 14 patients, whose ovarian cortex was frozen our the University Fertility Center (Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France).

RESULTS
In our study, the patients' average age was 17+/-5.5 and the median was 14 years [13-24]. Eight patients were under 18 (11+/-3-years-old). The cryopreservation indications were especially haematological (N = 9). More than half of the patients (N = 8) had undergone a gonadotoxic treatment before ovarian cryopreservation.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Ovarian cryopreservation is still a recent technology in reproductive medicine. The future of ovarian tissue after thawing, with its different techniques of autograft, is still not consensual. Experimental research remains essential to improve the freezing protocols and ovarian transplant in human medicine.


The advantages and disadvantages of several types of caisson precasting,such as dock-type precasting,caisson platform precasting,sloping slipway precasting,etc.,especially.various forms of caisson precasting platform,which are commonly used,are presented.The traditional dock-type precasting yard,by which caisson is hoisted by hoisting jack and moved to the dock through track is characterized by high cost and poor adaptability to the yard.But the newly-adopted moving-type precasting yard(caisson's hoisting by gasbag) is more advantageous with its low cost and good adaptability and flexibility.


Objectives The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem and the moderating effect of discrimination experiences in the relationship between the effect of Korean language level on cultural adaptation stress of marriage migrant women. Methods 2,249 married migrant women were selected as research material using data from the 2021 multicultural youth panel survey. And SPSS 26.0 program was used to analyze the data. Through this, descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to determine the normality of data. And, association analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between major variables. In addition, regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem and the moderating effect of discrimination experience. Results First, if the Korean language level of marriage migrant women is low, the cultural adaptation stress increases. Second, a partial mediating effect was verified that cultural adaptation stress is low if self-esteem is high in the relationship between the effect of the Korean level of married immigrant women on cultural adaptation stress. Third, the moderating effect that cultural adaptation stress is alleviated when there is no discrimination experience was verified in the relationship between the effect of the Korean language level of marriage migrant women on cultural adaptation stress. Conclusions This study showed that the Korean language level and self-esteem should be increased and the discrimination experience should be reduced in order to lower the cultural adaptation stress of marriage migrant women. To this end, various educational programs that can reduce the cultural adaptation stress of marriage migrant women were developed to suggest ways to reduce the cultural adaptation stress of marriage migrant women.


The relationship between land transport, and more specifically road transport via high capacity roads or highways, has been extensively studied from the urban perspective, since such routes are structured as a network connecting large urban centres, although inevitably they run through rural territory, as is the case of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura. The question arises of what happens to rural villages located next to these transport corridors which were designed without taking them into consideration. A study has therefore been undertaken as to how a number of clearly rural parameters may be affected according to their proximity to a highway. The results indicate different behaviours of rural areas associated with their degree of accessibility to a network of highways.


Materialist and rationalist models of collective action often fail to explain political outcomes because they ignore the impact of normative and affective representations, a deficiency that can be remedied by paying attention to symbolic politics. This article uses a framework drawn from theories of narrative to explain political struggle as a competition between established canons and counter-hegemonic challenges, to indicate the conditions under which counter-hegemonic challenge is most likely to succeed in inspiring collective action, and to suggest appropriate research strategies for studying symbolic politics.


Abstract : Studies involving the irradiation of styrene (containing 1% silicone oil, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, or acrylonitrile) with a 2 Mev electron beam under various exposure conditions yielded the following conclusions: (1) the effect of an additive is a function of dose rate with respect to both relative yield and the molecular weight of the polymer, (2) the molecular weight decreases in general with an increase in dose rate, irrespective of the additive, (3) an additive which significantly increases the yield tends in general to produce somewhat lower molecular weight polymers than do other additives which give lower yields, (4) an additive, as a function of dose rate, may either increase or decrease the yield of polymer obtained by the irradiation-induced polymerization of some vinyl monomers, and (5) the efficiency of the polymerization decreases markedly for the higher dose rates used in this study. (Author)


A new form of wave-power convertor is described which operates entirely beneath the water surface. Its operating principles are derived from theories relating to immersed cylinders which predict that a substantial proportion of incident wave-power can be absorbed by such bodies if they are constrained to respond to the waves in a prescribed way. Here, a series of discrete pulsating sources distributed around the surface of a stationary cylindrical body are used to approximate the necessary bodily motion.

A one-hundredth scale model has been built and tested in a wave-tank, and the results of these experiments are presented. They indicate that under optimum operating conditions most of the incident wave-power is absorbed by the device. However, little of this power appears as useful work owing to the frictional losses inherent in such a small-scale model. Further analysis of the data estimates the extent of the losses, and after taking these into account figures are arrived at for the optimal operation of the model in loss-less condition. This paper concludes with a discussion of the prospects for further development.


The Sampoong department store collapse, Daegue subway fire disaster, and the Sewol ferry disaster showed the dark side of society in Korea because responsibility in the bureaucracy is not merely the matter of an individual bureaucrat. This paper performs a comparative analysis among the Sampoong dep...


First of all, I would like to say that perhaps my paper would have found a more appropriate place in the section of General Philosophy of Science, or Historical Aspects in the Philosophy of Science of this conference. I am disappointed that there is no separate session for the philosophy of chemistry at this congress, as it was at the previous congress in 2011 in Nancy. As you can see, the title of my discussion mentions chemistry. Although I do not intend to talk about the specific problems of the philosophy of chemistry, I would still like to emphasize that chemistry, especially its historical practice, has attracted more and more attention in the philosophy of science in recent decades, influencing the turn from the vision of science as a timeless logic-centred system of statements towards the historyand practice-centred approach.


Abstract The demography of breeding populations of the longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus has heretofore remained unstudied. During the summer of 1992, longnose gars were captured en route to spawning sites in Weaubleau Creek, a tributary of Missouri's Harry S. Truman Reservoir. To characterize the spawners, individual age, growth, and morphometric data were obtained. The spawning population consisted of smaller, younger males and somewhat fewer older, larger females. As expected, Weaubleau Creek spawners exhibited heightened condition values relative to other longnose gar populations assessed outside the breeding season. Females displayed greater backcalculated total lengths at age and higher growth rates than males, with these differences being manifested early in life. Examination of individual yearly growth increments suggested that most longnose gars in Weaubleau Creek were annual spawners. Females made substantial investments of time and biomass in reproduction, as their gonad weight–body weight relati...


SUMMARY

During 1963-76 samples of potato tubers from commercial seed stocks of cvs King Edward (14 yr), Pentland Crown (9 yr), Majestic (7 yr), Pentland Dell (3 yr), Record and Arran Pilot (2 yr) were received from farms in England and Wales. Fifty tubers from each sample were examined macroscopically for fungus diseases and eyes were excised from a 20-tuber sub-sample, incubated and examined for pathogenic fungi; 50 tubers were stored on trays to sprout and examined for diseases and sprouting in May and in most years samples of 50 tubers were wounded by dropping onto expanded metal, stored at 5° C and examined for gangrene and dry rot after 12 wk.

Amounts of disease varied between years and during 14 yr black scurf and powdery scab on King Edward tended to increase and skin spot and late blight decrease. On average 44% of King Edward tubers were affected with skin spot, 25% with black scurf and 16% with powdery scab. Gangrene affected 5% of tubers and 97% of the isolates from rots were identified as Phoma exigua var. foveata. Wounding tubers increased the incidence of gangrene three-fold.

During 1963-69 late blight affected 2% of King Edward tubers but fewer in later years and in other cultivars. Majestic had most common scab (44% tubers) and Arran Pilot most dry rot (9% tubers) and this disease was increased by wounding tubers. Conidiophores of Helminthosporium solani (silver scurf) were more common on excised eyes of Pentland Crown, Record and Arran Pilot than of other cultivars, and isolations from verticillate conidiophores that developed on the side of incubated eye plugs of King Edward and Majestic stocks gave pure cultures of Verticillium tricorpus (78%), V. nigrescens (9%) and V. nubilum (3%).

Proportions of tubers with different diseases were affected by their country of origin; Scottish seed had most skin spot and gangrene, Irish seed most powdery scab and English seed most common scab, late blight and H. solani. There was also evidence of differing disease incidence in seed from different geographical areas in Scotland and England.

Up to half the King Edward and Pentland Crown stocks examined in 1975 and 1976 were derived from stem cuttings and average amounts of diseased tubers were similar to those in stocks not derived from stem cuttings.

Annual and cultivar differences in disease incidence and effects of date of receipt of seed on farms are discussed.


Life saving appliances are used throughout Canada and around the world every day by a large number of individuals who work or travel over open water. Personnel rely on these life saving appliances to help provide protection from harsh environments, and reduce the risk of injury or death in the event of a marine accident. Due to their importance in helping to save lives at sea, life saving appliances are built and tested according to specific standards and regulations to ensure that they provide the level of performance required. Unfortunately, life saving appliances do not always perform as expected which can lead to unexpected injuries or loss of life. Given that life saving appliances must meet specific performance goals as prescribed by standards and regulations, it is often these goals that fall short of what is actually needed during a marine accident. A knowledge gap is created when the testing conditions, as outlined in a standard or regulation, do not accurately reflect those conditions found during a marine accident. As a result, a life saving appliance will often meet performance goals that are below those required to prevent an injury or loss of life during an actual marine accident. The Canadian regulation: "Life Saving Equipment Regulations" C.R.C., c. 1436 was reviewed and possible knowledge gaps with respect to human factors were identified. The goals and requirements for life saving appliances in the regulation were compared against existing work done in the area of marine safety to determine if what was prescribed adequately reflected what could be found during a marine accident. There were many gaps identified in the regulation, commonly caused by prescriptive wording specifying conditions not commonly found during a marine accident. These knowledge gaps will widen as conditions become more severe than what is prescribed in the regulations possibly leading to even further decrease in life saving appliance performance than what is already measured.


Objective:To investigate the value of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage in reoperation of biliary tract.Methods:Sixty patients characterized by underwent reoperation of biliary tract from June 2006 to June 2007 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results:All 60 cases were given endoscopic nasobiliary drainage before operations,and all of the cases had no biliary tract injuries,bile leakage,hepatic artery injuries and injuries of portal vein and duodenum in the operations.Of the 60 patients,29 had common bile duct primary suture and kept the endoscopic nasobiliary drainage without postoperative complications.Conclusion:Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage before the reoperation of biliary tract is beneficial to drain bile,relieve jaundice andinfection of biliary tract,guide to search bile ducts during operation,keep drainage after operation and perform primary duct closure in biliary recurrent calculus cases having no residual stones and biliary strictures without placing T tubes.


Bacopa monnieri (BM) is a small, creeping, glabrous, succulent herb possessing antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and widely used by ayurvedic system of medicine since olden days. Hence, it was decided to standardize micropropagation protocol of Bacopa monnieri for surface sterilization, suitable media for aseptic culture initiation, establishment and multiplication, rooting, optimization of medium for callus induction, analyse phytochemical contents, antimicrobial activity. The best medium observed for initiation and development in terms of bud breakage percentage, cluster formation and maximum shoot length were BM1 (MS+0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA) with shoot length of 4.2 cm; 80% bud breakage and 65% cluster formation and BM3 (MS+4 mg/l BAP + 0.4 mg/l NAA) with shoot length of 3.8 cm; 100% bud breakage but cluster formation rate was low but this rate increased further in the multiplication stage when compared to BM4 (0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l.), BM5 (MS+ 1.0mg/l BAP + 1.0mg/l) medium. Multiplication stage was good with BM3 (4 mg/l BAP + 0.4 mg/l NAA) and BM1 (0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA) continued to give best results for the average shoot length of 5.3 cm in BM3 and 4.60 cm in BM1. Extracts was found to have antimicrobial activity on K. pneumoniae, P. aerugenosa, B.stearothermophilus, B. substilis and S. aureus with zones of inhibitions ranging from 10-26mm.


Mathematicians, in treating of the attraction of bodies, have confined their attention, almost entirely, to those solids which are bounded by continuous curve surfaces; and Mr. Playfair, if I do not mistake, is the only writer, who has given any example of that kind of inquiry, which is the chief object of the present paper. This learned mathematician has found expressions* for the action of a parallelopiped; and of an isosceles pyramid, with a rectangular base, on a point at its vertex; and observes, on occasion of the first mentioned problem, that what he has there done, " gives some hopes of " being able to determine generally the attraction of solids " bounded by any planes whatever. " It is this general problem, that I venture to attempt the solution of, in what follows: viz any, regular or irregular, terminated by plane surfaces, being to both quantity and direction, its action, on a point, given in position, either within or without it.