Cause and effect analyses can reveal useful insights about the information flow within process alarm data, which can, in turn, be used to improve the process performance. Cause and effect analyses require selecting suitable time windows of the historical alarm data, as performing the analysis on the entire time horizon or unsuitable windows might negatively influence the analysis due to noise. This motivates the combination of alarm flood identification, clustering, and cause and effect analysis. Hence, we propose to combine a causal inference analysis based on Direct Transfer Entropy (DTE) with alarm flood detection and clustering to perform the DTE analysis on reasonable time intervals. Our approach performs an alarm data clustering first to find intervals of clusters of similar alarm floods. Afterward, we calculate the DTEs on the found alarm flood cluster intervals. Our results show that the combination of clustering and cause and effect analysis reveals results that were not feasible before. This facilitates analyzing the causal relations in the alarm data. The approach reduces the noisy influence of random alarms on the cause and effect analysis, and provides a clearer structure of the causal relations in the alarm data.


Rapid urbanization and growth of motor vehicles imposea serious effect on human life and the environment in recent years. Air pollution has become a growing problem in megacities and large urban areas throughout the globe, and transportation is recognized as the major source of air pollution. Motor vehicles are a significant source of urban air pollution and are increasingly important contributors of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Nagpur has the distinction of being the geographical center of the Indian Peninsula. Nagpur is situated on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of 310 meters above sea level, and it is the 3 largest city and Maharashtra is a major commercial and political center of the state. In Nagpur Maximum number of Vehicles also responsible for CO2 Emission. In this research paper used efficient method or concept for controlling & minimize Emission in Nagpur City. KeywordsEmission, Air Pollution, Vehicles, Greenhouse Gases, Global Warming, Climate Change, Nagpur,CO2


A 36-year-old woman was referred in 1988 after giving birth to her second child, a severely growth-rctarded infant weighing 1880 g at term. The placenta showed massive infarction, occupying 80% of its volume. Maternal hemostasis was investigated for evidence of anomalies such as lupus anticoagulant. Protein C activity was measured on a chromogenic substrate (Chromotime. Behring) and by a commercial ELISA method (Asserachrom Protcin C, Diagnostica Stago). Protein C lcvcls were 43% of the normal. There was no personal or family history of thrombosis, but she had Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Her obstetric history included one first trimcstcr miscarriage and, in 198.5, she had given birth uneventfully to a 3250g boy at term. In 1990. following the diagnosis of protein C deficiency, she was followed in our dcpartmcnt during her third ongoing pregnancy. Low molecular weight heparin (Fraxiparine, Choay, France) was administered at 7500 U, one subcutaneous injection daily, from the fourth month until the postpartum period. The course of pregnancy was uncvcntful, and at 39 weeks she gave birth to a healthy boy weighing 3605 g. The placenta contained several small ischaemic lesions.


It is shown that a pxm transfer function G(s) with p⩾m can be decomposed as G = (I-νNΔN)-1...(I-νr+2Δr+2)-1 (I-νr=1Δr=1)-1GO where Δi are stable all-pass transfer functions, 1=ν1..=νr≫νr=1..≫νN≫0 are the Hankel-singular-values of GW*-1 where G*G=WW* with W stable and minimum phase. Results on the McMillan degree of GΛ:=(I-νiΔi)..(I-νNΔN)G then show that GΛ gives a good low order approximation to G in the sense of relative error.


: In India there are dalit community members across the nation. In West Bengal almost constitute 25 percent of the state population. These dalit peoples of West Bengal living scattered in several districts of West Bengal are the worst victims and sufferers of Covid-19 pandemic and its consequent lockdown. The introduction of lockdown in March 2019 to combat Covid-19 became even worse condition for the dalit living merely as wage earners across the state. The complete lockdown in March 2019 meant that the daily wagerdalit involved in all sorts of work, cannot do their routine work and cannot continue to live in the same fashion that they did before the advent of Covid-19 and its consequent lockdown. The appearance of Covid-19 pandemic changed the course of the life pattern of the dalit communities living across West Bengal and also in the whole nation. They struggled to survive in such a peculiar time where living became tremendously hard.


Purpose. To study the effectiveness of vascular, anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic therapy, to conduct a comparative assessment with treatment without vascular therapy in patients with angle-closure (ACG) and mixed glaucoma.Methods. A total of 55 patients with angle-closure and mixed glaucoma, mainly with hypermetropic refraction of varying degrees, were examined: 7 people with acute glaucoma attack, 6 people with subacute glaucoma attack (group 1, with anti-inflammatory treatment), 7 people with acute glaucoma attack and 6 people with subacute glaucoma attack (group 2, with vascular treatment), 14 people with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (group 3) and 15 people with mixed glaucoma (group 4). All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, which included visometry, refractometry, tonometry, computer perimetry, OCT and OCT angiography, and an ELISA analysis to determine cytokines.Results. The administration of the drug Pentoxifylline as a cytokine blocker and antiplatelet agent in ACG contributed, in our opinion, to an improvement in visual acuity, perimetry (MD), an increase in the density of capillaries of the deep vascular plexus at the level of lamina cribrosa in the peripapillary zone (%), i.e. improved blood circulation in the vessels of the optic nerve disc and also contributed to the blockade of cytokines, mainly in the 2-nd group of patients. In our opinion, a personalized approach to the treatment of ACG is to maintain the improvement of blood circulation in the peripapillary zone by prescribing a course of treatment with Pentoxifylline for 6 months after surgery. After phacoemulsification, there was a significant increase in the density of capillaries of the deep peripapillary vascular plexus at the level of lamina cribrosa (p ≤ 0.05) (51.0 ± 3.5 %), and after further treatment with Pentoxifylline, the capillary density continued to increase in 2–4 groups in the next 6 months of follow-up. The thickness of RNFL (Retinal nerve fiber layer, structural parameter) decreased due to a decrease in edema in 1–2 groups, slightly increased in 3–4 groups, in our opinion, due to improved blood circulation. Increased reperfusion in the capillaries of the deep plexus during normalization of IOP in glaucoma patients and further treatment with pentoxifylline indicates the effectiveness of the proposed treatment in addition to surgical treatment. The results obtained emphasize the advantages of the proposed therapy for the treatment of patients with angle-closure and mixed glaucoma.Conclusion. To date, there are no clear recommendations of vascular therapy for the treatment of patients with ACG and mixed glaucoma, which creates the need for its addition to treatment regimens, taking into account the vascular component of ACG and mixed glaucoma.


For Goethe, the lexeme Reihe (series) is not just a word of common parlance but a concept and a figure of thought with significant philosophical implications. In its most developed articulations, a Reihe is an ordering technique that is needed for proper experimentation and scientific research as well as for an effective presentation of the natural order. When something is serialized, its inner order becomes visible and perceptible, as Goethe states in his short essay Der Versuch als Vermittler von Objekt und Subjekt (1792; The Experiment as Mediator between Object and Subject). As a scientific practice, serialization requires strong self-moderation, which helps the scientific observer treat everything with adequate accuracy. For Goethe, moreover, a series that presents something to an observer is in a continuous state of movement, akin to living forms of nature themselves. This ambiguity between object and method is especially evident in Goethe's morphological notebooks, in which the concept of the series oscillates between the form of nature and the form of its depiction, suggesting that the traditional order of the signified and the signifier is itself serialized in his scientific work. Most significantly, Goethe defines a series as a form of demonstration, exposition, and recapitulation, rather than of argumentation, which distances it from rational concepts of series. A key aspect of serialization for Goethe, therefore, is its deployment as a form of presentation or depiction, not one of deduction, and for this reason it can also be detected in his literary works. While the first part of the entry is devoted to a reconstruction of Goethe's usage of the concept in his scientific and literary works, the second part compares Goethe's concept of the series with similar, historically adjacent usages, such as those developed by F.W.J. Schelling (1775–1845), J.F. Herbart (1776–1841), and Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg, 1772–1801). None of these can be regarded as a main model for Goethe, but the existence of other serial concepts makes it clear that Goethe's concept does not emerge out of a historic vacuum. Instead, his contemporaries likewise define a series as a form of presentation, even if it varies in each case. The entry concludes, finally, with an overview of the reception of the concept of the series in the nineteenth and twentieth century.


In this paper,highly dispersed nano particles of carbon supported platinum electro catalyst were prepared with impregnation reduction method from H 2 electrolyte.The relationships between preparation conditions of electro catalysts and their characterizations from agitation methods,H 2concentrations,reaction temperature,effects of heat treatment of carbon have been discussed.A convenient preparation method is developed.


Nowadays, a wide range of professions around the world employs English as an International Language. Many people learn English to keep up with the worldwide advances in areas like education, technology, tourism, health, and economics. English is widely utilized in many facets of human life. English is additionally necessary for graduation. Students must pass the English proficiency test to graduate from university (EPT). Self-esteem, an essential component of personality, affects people's attitudes and behaviors. Self-esteem is frequently associated with good mental health, effective living, successful learning, and even a good quality of life. How people view themselves, whether favorably or unfavorably, is a measure of their self-esteem. Since self-esteem and academic performance are intertwined, the researchers want to know whether or not students' self-esteem correlates with their level of English proficiency. This study, which involved 38 participants from Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, used the quantitative method. This study's conclusions showed a connection between students' self-esteem and their EPT score. The researchers conclude that students' self-esteem did have an impact on their EPT score, i.e., the greater their self-esteem, the higher their EPT score.


Large eddy simulation is the most viable approach for the accurate simulation of turbulent reacting flows. With the proper combination of high-order, low-dissipation numerical methods, physics-based subgrid-scale models, and boundary conditions it is becoming possible to simulate many combustion flows at relevant conditions. However, non-premixed flows are a particular challenge because the thickness of the fuel/oxidizer interface scales inversely with Reynolds number. Most numerical methods diffuse the interface, resulting in artificial mixing and spurious reactions. Furthermore, when higher-order numerical methods are used, there are often aphysical undershoots and overshoots in the scalar variables (e.g. species mass fractions or progress variable). In this paper, we propose a numerical method that mitigates this issue.


Plant-parasitic nematodes of various types are prevalent in the upper root zone of
 pear trees in California. Monthly samplings over a 12-month period, from the same
 126 orchards mentioned above, showed that the dagger nematode Xiphinema americanum and the pin nematode Paratylenchus hamatus occurred in more than 90 per cent of the orchards and in all pear-growing areas of
 the state. Other nematodes frequently found were species of Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Meloidogyne, and Criconemoides. No direct relationship was indicated between pear decline and nematodes in orchard
 soils.


Rates and trends of natural increase in Bulgaria are examined and compared by region for the period 1986-1988. The effect of political shifts, particularly of land reforms, on population redistribution and employment is also analyzed. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)


The speech-based envelope power spectrum model (sEPSM; Jo/rgensen and Dau, 2011; Jo/rgensen et al., 2013) was shown to successfully predict speech intelligibility in conditions with stationary and fluctuating interferers, reverberation, and spectral subtraction. The key element in the model was the multi-resolution estimation of the signal-to-noise ratio in the envelope domain (SNRenv) at the output of a modulation filterbank. The simulations suggested that mainly modulation filters centered in the range from 1-8 Hz contribute to speech intelligibility in the case of stationary maskers whereas modulation filters tuned to frequencies above 16 Hz might be important in the case of fluctuating maskers. In the present study, the role of high-frequency envelope fluctuations for speech masking release was further investigated in conditions of speech-on-speech masking. Simulations were compared to various measured data from normal-hearing listeners (Festen and Plomp, 1990; Christiansen et al., 2013). The results ...


This study explores the determinants of the financial performance and sustainability of Moroccan Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). Through the use of panel data concerning 10 MFIs (available on the MIX platform) with different time frames, three OLS models are run and aim to explain MFIs financial performance and sustainability using independent variables related to the size of the MFIs, the quality of their loan portfolios, the degree of outreach, and their productivity. The results obtained show that: (1) the personnel productivity contributes significantly to the MFIs' Return on Assets and their sustainability, and (2) the loan repayment level of MFIs customers is an important determinant of their sustainability.


This study aimed to determine the influence of the traditional Adapted Physical Education )APE( course on the attitudes of sixty three undergraduate physical education students toward teaching students with physical disabilities (N= 63). All participants were enrolled in traditional undergraduate APE course at the College of Sport Science and Physical Activity in King Saud University in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through the administration of The Attitudes towards Individuals with Physical Disabilities in Physical Education-Revised (ATIPDPE-R) instrument, based on the theory of planned behavior )Ajzen, 2000(. Pre-test and post-tests were administered in this study. Based on the results, pre-test and post-test scores indicated that there was no significant change of the participants' attitudes towards teaching students with physical disabilities after taking the APE course. However, results showed positive attitudes by analyzing the scores of pre-test and post-test separately for each statement. Specifically, participants showed more positive attitudes in the post-test in the statements of 6, 9 and 12, which were related to the effect of inclusion on the development of personalities of students with physical disabilities, level of knowledge for persons with disabilities, and the quality of teaching in the implementation of the inclusion in PE. Results of this study concluded that the traditional APE course cannot positively affect the attitudes of the future physical educators toward teaching students with specific disabilities.


Many digital communications systems use symbol constellations such as M-ary PAM, PSK, or QAM, which are simple to implement and symmetric. In a blind setting, equalization of intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by a linear channel with unknown phase characteristics requires baud-sampled statistics of at least fourth order. Disadvantages of fourth-order statistical approaches are the relatively large sample sizes needed for good estimates of the statistics and the high computational complexity of the associated equalization algorithms. Here we examine several inherently asymmetric constellations with symbols placed on a hexagonal lattice rather than on the square lattice of QAM-type constellations. These constellations have a smaller average power under minimum symbol separation constraints than several widely-used constellations. We show how to modify the constellations to provide controllable third-order properties, and demonstrate blind equalization using a low-complexity third-order algorithm.


Although moderate drinking does not necessarily increase a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to the level at which driving is legally prohibited in the United States, any drinking can impair driving tasks. In addition to laws establishing lower legal BAC limits for drivers, legislative approaches for reducing alcohol-impaired driving include imposing sanctions for drinking and driving and restricting alcohol's availability.


Superconductor separators are a new generation of magnetic separators; a DC superconductor electromagnet may be used as a source of magnetic field. It creates, among other things, a chance to reject weak-magnetic particles – first of all extra small ones (the basic problem for beneficiation of useful minerals). The subject of the following considerations refers to one from several possible constructions: a matrix high-gradient separator equipped with the DC superconductor electromagnet. Some practical aspects of the construction of the device in laboratory scale as well as the problems of exploitation conditions of the separator are presented.


We tested the effect of TGF‐β1 on the EBV‐induced activation and immortalization of human B lymphocytes. In lymphocyte cultures of EBV‐seropositive individuals, T cells can inhibit the EBV‐induced transformation of B cells. We found that in the presence of TGF‐β1 the transformation was more efficient, due to the inhibition of this function. TGF‐β1 inhibited the EBV‐induced proliferation of purified B‐cell cultures. Its effect was strongest when added at the beginning of the culture. Added later, the inhibition gradually decreased and was lost by the 4th day. After 10 to 14 days, in the cultures initiated with TGF‐β1, the number of cells was higher and they formed larger aggregates as compared with control cultures. Thus, TGF‐β1 modifies EBV‐induced transformation in a complex way. It inhibits the activation of B cells but does not affect those already activated. Once they acquire the immortalized state, the B cells are even stimulated by TGF‐β1.


Aninvestigation ot Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. and H. Virginiana L. was begun in southwestern Arkansas in the tall of 1976. An overlap of flowering periods occurred from late November through December, affording the possibility of hybridization. At one site the two taxa flowered simultaneously only 30 yards apart. Variation occurs in both taxa and there is a degree of overlap in most characters, but the composite of diagnostic features distinguishes the two species. The hybrid origin of H. vernalis suggested by Jenne (1966) does not seem likely.


In this paper, we shall review scanning tunneling microscopy on clean Si(111) and Si(001) surfaces at elevated temperatures of as high as 950?C. Various problems occurring at elevated temperatures, such as the thermal drift, the low Curie temperature of the tip-scanning elements and outgassing, are overcome by paying special caution to the design of the STM unit, the sample dimensions, and the operational methods. Several interesting phenomena appearing at elevated temperatures are presented: the appearance of the dimer rows and step edges on the Si(001) surface at temperatures up to 920?C, the dynamic behavior of the (7?7)-(1?1) phase transition on the Si(111) surface at temperatures around 860?C, the step shifting appearing on the Si(111) surface under dc electric fields (electromigration effect) around the phase transition temperature (869?C), and the surface modification of pyramids and craters created on both Si(111) and Si(001) surfaces at elevated temperatures.


Shape has a significant impact on the good quality of follow-up deep-processed steel products. But it is difficult to detect, so a shape detecting equipment of cold rolling strip is developed to meet industrial application, which mainly consist of the shape detecting roller, the collecting ring, the DSP shape signal processing board and the shape control model. The shape detecting system was successfully used in 1250 mm HC 6-high reversible cold rolling mill. The precision of shape detecting is 0.2 I.


There are not any real non-profit organizations in our country.The reasons are complicated and diverse,but the basic one is the administration of the non-profit organization.This paper summaries the performances of the non-profit organization administration and elaborates the origin of it is the economical transform and and the reform of political and administrative system.The paper also analyzes the affect which the non-profit organization administration has on the democracy construction,the shift of the government functions,the exercise of the public power as well as non-profit organization itself.


The performance of elements in transducer arrays is evaluated, at various stages of construction, using an interferometric optical probe that is capable of measuring acoustic displacements of the order of 3 × 10−4 A. The vertical displacement is first measured on a single piezoelectric strip without matching layers or backing, and is compared with variational calculations of the surface displacement for both the open‐ and short‐circuit modes. Good agreement is obtained between experiment and theory. The measurement is repeated after a matching layer is added, then after a backing is added, and finally with the array water loaded after final completion. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with theory, where theoretical predictions are available. Laser probe measurements are used to evaluate the cross‐coupling between array elements and predict the farfield illumination pattern of the array elements.


Abstract Maximum parsimony analysis of nuclear SSU rDNA sequences was utilized to infer the phylogenetic relationships of representatives of the macrolichen families Cladoniaceae, Sphaerophoraceae, and Stereocaulaceae (Lecanorales subord. Cladoniineae, Ascomycotina). Farris' parsimony jackknifing, and a similar jackknife strategy with branch-swapping and multiple addition sequences in PAUP*, were performed to assess branch support. The results indicate that the Sphaerophoraceae should be emended to include Neophyllis (formerly Cladoniaceae or Stereocaulaceae) and Austropeltum (formerly Stereocaulaceae), and it is suggested that the type of boundary tissue present is a synapomorphy for the family. The families Sphaerophoraceae and Bacidiaceae form a clade, together with Psora decipiens, Tephromela atra and Scoliciosporum umbrinum. The Cladoniaceae should be emended to include Pilophorus, and the genera Metus, Cladia and Heterodea should also be included in the family. The sometimes-recognized families Cladiaceae and Heterodeaceae are shown to be derived from within Cladoniaceae. The Stereocaulaceae is recircumscribed to accommodate Stereocaulon only. Neither the possession of podetia/ pseudopodetia, a dimorphic, cladoniiform thallus, nor the presence of cephalodia, is a morphological synapomorphy for a monophyletic group in our analysis. Optimising ascus structures onto one of the most parsimonious trees suggest that tube-like apical structures may well be primitive characteristics within the Lecanorales. The two lecanoralean suborders Lecanorineae and Cladonineae are both paraphyletic groups in the present analysis. It is pointed out that if further studies confirm that Stereocaulon is the sister-group to the Cladoniaceae, as circumscribed here, then there may be no reason to accept the two families Cladoniaceae and Stereocaulaceae as distinct. Branch-swapping and several random-addition sequencesimprove resolution, adding several supported groups in the topology, and improve support values for groups already supported by parsimony jackkniring analyses, and we suggest a procedure for implementing this by using PAUP*


Two approaches of forming IGBTs with shallow emitter ballast have been investigated in this study. These designs are compared in terms of their layout scheme, fabrication steps and device performance. This shallow emitter ballast provides the necessary trade-off between on-state and ruggedness of IGBTs. Using this concept 600 V IGBTs with an on-voltage of /spl sim/1.6 V@100 A/cm/sup 2/, turn-off energy of /spl sim/30 /spl mu/J/A, short-circuit time of /spl sim/27 /spl mu/s, and a maximum UIS energy of /spl sim/13.4 mJ/A have been fabricated.


The paper compares the regimes of intergenerational occupational mobility in Chile between 2001 and 2009. Data for the study considers published mobility tables for 2001 as well as original data for 2009 from the National Survey of Social Stratification (ENES). The analysis of mobility patterns replicates the constant fluidity model proposed by Erikson and Goldthorpe (1992), considering also special parameters for Chile as proposed by Torche (2005). His depiction of Chilean society as "unequal but fluid" is challenged by the 2009 data in two special respects: First, we find a stronger hierarchical effect and a larger sectoral barriers to mobility than previously reported. Secondly, the latter yields a less fluid mobility regime. The paper also explores the hierarchical dimension of mobility by testing a "vertical" model (RCII), which provides an adequate fit in both samples. Finally, the paper compares the vertical dimension of occupational mobility with income distribution for occupational groups. These findings open a new agenda for the study of the opportunities that Chilean society offers to its inhabitants.


The increasing demand for a steady food supply to the growing world population will require controlling of plant diseases that reduced crop yield subsequently. In order to control the plant diseases, biological control is gaining greater attention due to low cost and ecofriendly application. Biocontrol efficiency of fluorescent pseudomonads can be attributed to production of lytic enzymes, production of secondary metabolites and induction of systemic resistance. The present study focuses on the chitinase producing ability of the isolates of fluorescent pseudomonads. All the 22 strains isolated from the rhizosphere soils of plants of coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh were capable of producing chitinase. Also the induction of chitinase production in P. fluorescens 0s25 and P. fluorescens So5 by using colloidal chitin and biomass of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia. bataticola as substrates have been reported. The isolates produced maximum chitinase with colloidal chitin as substrate followed by fungal biomass of F. oxysporum as substrate and least chitinase production was observed with fungal biomass of R. bataticola as substrate.


Middle East in the image of the West. In the post-Cold War world, Yaqub argues, the United States showed a "striking disregard for the views and aspirations of the overwhelming majority of Arabs" and thus stoked a "level of antipathy [among Arabs] toward the United States starkly disproportionate to any provocationt," exceeding conditions of afty years ago. Yet Yaqub sees continuity between the Eisenhower Doctrine and contemporary U.S. relations with the Arab world. For all of the mutual antagonism that exists, Arabs and Americans "continue to combat one another within a common moral framework" (p. 271–272). Yaqub is at once skeptical and hopeful about the future of U.S. involvement in the region because of those shared values. Containing Arab Nationalism is a thoughtful, persuasively argued study that makes a valuable contribution to the literature on the Eisenhower administration's foreign policy, the pericentric nature of the Cold War, and the nexus of culture and diplomacy. The book's only oaw is that it gives no more than passing attention to Soviet responses to the Eisenhower Doctrine and Moscow's efforts to increase its inouence in the region. This is a minor quibble, and understandable in light of the complexities of U.S.-Arab relations with which Yaqub is concerned. That reservation aside, the book should be considered mandatory reading for anyone seeking to understand the interaction of U.S. Cold War imperatives with the realities of Middle Eastern politics.


To study the feasibility of detecting pipeline multi-cracks damage using piezoceramic transducers, the electromechanical impedance method and the stress wave based active sensing method were used respectively to perform the damage detection of pipeline with multi-cracks. In this research, the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) type transducers were used due to its strong piezoelectric effect and low cost. During the experiments, two artificial cracks on the pipeline specimen were created, ranging from 0 mm to 9 mm, and seven different operating conditions were generated for each artificial crack. In the monitoring test, for the electromechanical impedance method, the damage index based on Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) was used, and for the active sensing method, the damage index based on Wavelet Packet Energy Loss (WPEL) was used. In addition, the relationship between the crack depth and RMSD as well as the relationship between the crack depth and location and WPEL were analyzed. The results show that RMSD and WPEL indices increase with the increase of the depth of pipeline cracks. In addition, the WPEL index increases with the appearance of new cracks. Quantitative analysis of pipeline crack damage can be realized by electromechanical impedance method, and localization analysis on the pipeline multi-cracks damage can be achieved by stress wave method based on sensor arrays.


In the political culture of the Ancien Regime, personal relations were a key factor for any project of social mobility. In a society regulated by the logic of personal aid, to deprive someone of friendship and the affection of someone superior or more powerful, has became, a priori, the most important element for those who had political ambitions. The emblematic figure of the valido, who has occupied the center of regal affectivity, from where he could influence and act in the political scene. The Dukes of Lerma and Olivares, in Spain; the Duke of Buckingham, in England; Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarino, in France; the Conde Castelo Melhor and Marquis of Pombal, in Portugal are exemplars cases. This article intends to propose some significant conceptual questions about this important aspect of the Ancien Regime political culture.


This paper describes a use of Product Data Technology, which is most visibly embodied in the STEP standard, to support Business Process Improvement (BPI). Product Data Technology is about the effective representation of products to support the information systems of the engineering industries. STEP, the STandard for the Exchange of Product model data, is resulting from cooperation to solve a particular problem of such information systems. The problem is that of exchanging functionally equivalent but possibly representationally different product data between software tools within an information system. STEP has a data architecture, a framework for representing products and a method for establishing information requirements, and hence data models, to enable product data exchange. This paper reports an attempt to use these aspects of STEP in an information system to support BPI. Process representation is thus a key issue. A Structured Process Elicitation and Demonstration Environment, SPEDE, is currently being established to support BPI teams, considering initially Product Introduction Processes, in their work. Experiences in the creation of an early prototypical SPEDE will be reported. The environment will feature an open selection of tools for knowledge acquisition, process simulation and analysis, and process performance measurement, visualisation and reporting. A generic process database, akin to a parts library, will enable best practice (in some sense) processes to be selected, adapted and analysed by the BPI team. The results of the BPI session, all of the information accumulated, will be in a further database for use in the assessment and implementation of the improved business process. An Integrated Process Description Resource (IPDR) is evolving which is analogous to the framework, Generic Product Description Resource, of ISO 10303-41. This will be interpreted (in the STEP sense) to produce data models which meet the information requirements of the software tools in SPEDE. Both the library of reusable processes and the database of processes that are results of the BPI session will conform to the framework. The objective of the work is to produce a modular open information system to which preferred tools can be added. The whole is an exercise in managing integration within such a system. The integration architecture and strategy will be presented together with the IPDR. It is expected that experience in both exchange between tools and sharing within a database will provide input into the debate on the extension of STEP from a data exchange mechanism to one for sharing within a database.


Objective To understand the current situation of impaired fasting glucose(IFG) and diabetes mellitus(DM) of civil servants in Hebei Province,and research the correlation between overweight obesity and IFG DM.Method Analyze the physical examination data of 1 067 civil servants who conducted physical examination in a hospital from September to November in 2011.Results The prevalence of DM and IFG increased along with age,and people over 50 years old had higher prevalence.The difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Along with the increase of body mass index(BMI),the prevalence of DM and IFG increased accordingly.Moreover,the prevalence of overweight and obese group was significantly higher than that of the normal BMI group(P0.05).Conclusions Age,overweight and obesity were all the risk factors of DM and IFG.We should actively intervene in risk factors,and enhance education and management of healthy lifestyle in IFG stage,so as to reduce the occurrence of DM and its complications.


Title: 1 Intracellular pH homeostasis plays a role in the tolerance of Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida 2 zeylanoides to acidified nitrite 3 4 Authors: 5 Henrik Dam Mortensen, Tomas Jacobsen, Anette Granly Koch and Nils Arneborg* 6 7 1 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 8 DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. 9 2 Danish Meat Association, Maglegårdsvej 2, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. 10 11 Running title: 12 Yeasts and acidified nitrite. 13 14 *Corresponding author: 15 Nils Arneborg 16 Mailing address: 17 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 18 DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Phone: +45 35333266. Fax: +45 35333214. E-mail: 19 firstname.lastname@example.com 20 21 22 CC EP TE D Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.00571-08 AEM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 6 June 2008


Using the Euclidean decomposition of the hyperbolic surface, R. C. Penner gave a canonical cellular decomposition of the decorated Teichmuller space of punctured surfaces, which is invariant by the action of the mapping class group. Adapting his method, we give a canonical cellular decomposition of the Teichmuller space of compact orientable surfaces with non-empty boundary.


AbstrcatFirst based on the Chinese traditional culture which draws on "logos", "harmony and unity", and "dialectical and objective thought", this study explores the characteristics of Chinese traditional culture in the competitive Wushu routines. Secondly, in the view of the Western culture with an emphasis on "competition", "scientific spirits", and "regulations", this study probes into the contribution of the competitive Wushu to the Western culture. Eventually, it is proposed that as the combination of the Western and Eastern culture, the competitive Wushu routines can prefigure out the future tendency of the human culture and sports.


Abstract : Problems in the operation of the EIMAC Y-711 Power Grid Tube when used in the second intermediate power amplifier of the AN/FPN-44/45 Transmitter have been encountered by LORSTAs DANA and EJDE. These problems involved numerous overloads and an inability to obtain rated transmitter output. Tests have been conducted to determine the nature, cause, and possible solution to these problems. The tests involved the operating parameters of the tube and transmitter such as tube dynamic characteristics, drive and pulse shape, biasing conditions, transmitter drive level, and tube high voltage breakdown level. The Y-711 tube exhibits a negative grid current region and will therefore overload the transmitter if overdriven. It is hypothesized that the problem encountered in the field is due to an imperfect drive waveform requiring higher drive levels than normal. Under correct conditions of pulse shape the tube works satisfactorily.


In addition to assessing the significance of Crecy, this book offers new interpretations of both the battle itself and the campaign that preceded it. It includes the latest research on the composition and organisation of the English and French armies, a penetrating analysis of the narrative sources and a revealing re-appraisal of the battlefield. It concludes with a fresh look at the role of the archer in Edward III's victory.


An automatic machine for dispensing beverages, in particular coffee-based beverages, comprising forced air means for regulating the temperature of at least one brewing unit.


Summary

Tropical forests in Borneo maintain a high level of productivity/biomass even under phosphorus (P)-limited conditions. The P-acquisition properties of roots may be an important factor that contributes to forest productivity, but they have not been well evaluated compared with above-ground properties of plants.

In this study, we analysed root acid phosphatase activity and morphological properties (surface area, diameter and tissue density of roots) of dominant tree species in three tropical montane forests on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, to investigate changes in root properties along a soil P availability gradient.

We found at the community level that root phosphatase activity and specific root surface area (root surface area per gram root biomass) increased, and root diameter decreased, with decreasing soil P availability at the community level, and the relationship was not changed in general even if we focused on a single-tree species distributed across multiple study sites that differ in soil P availability. Root acid phosphatase was significantly positively correlated with specific root surface area, and negatively correlated with root diameter, suggesting that finer roots have higher phosphatase activities.

Furthermore, we compared root acid phosphatase activity with leaf P concentration of a given tree species and found a significant negative correlation between them. The significant correlation suggested that root P-acquisition properties could influence leaf P concentration, and/or vice versa. Below-ground properties (i.e. root P-acquisition properties) might be directly/indirectly linked to above-ground properties (i.e. leaf P concentration) of a tree individual.

In conclusion, the root physiological and morphological properties change along a gradient of soil P availability in the tropical montane forests. In addition, the changes in the root properties are coordinated with the changes in leaf P concentrations. The adaptive changes in the above-ground and below-ground properties along the soil P gradient could contribute to the maintenance of forest productivity in the tropical montane forest in Borneo.


BACKGROUND Historically, fever, pneumonia, and sepsis after trauma are ascribed to pain and poor pulmonary toilet. No evidence supports that assertion however, and no known biologic mechanisms link injury to infection. Our studies show that injured tissues release mitochondria (MT). Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) however can mimic bacterial pathogen-associated danger molecules and attract neutrophils (PMN). We hypothesized that mtDAMPs from traumatized tissue divert neutrophils from the lung, causing susceptibility to infection. METHODS Anesthetized rats (6–10 per group) underwent pulmonary contusion (PC) by chest percussion. When modeling traumatic MT release, some rats had MT isolated from the liver (equal to 5% liver necrosis) injected intraperitoneally (IPMT). Negative controls had PC plus buffer intraperitoneally. Positive controls underwent PC plus cecal ligation and puncture. At 16 hours, bronchoalveolar and peritoneal lavages were performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peritoneal lavage fluid were assayed for PMN count, albumin, interleukin &bgr;, (IL-&bgr;), and CINC-1. Assays were normalized to blood urea nitrogen to calculate absolute concentrations. RESULTS PC caused alveolar IL-1&bgr; and CINC production and a 34-fold increase in BALF neutrophils. As expected, IPMT increased peritoneal IL-1&bgr; and CINC and attracted PMN to the abdomen. However, remarkably, IPMT after PC attenuated BALF cytokine accumulation and decreased BALF PMN. Cecal ligation and puncture had no direct effect on BALF PMNs but, like IPMT, blunted BALF leukocytosis after PC. CONCLUSION Rather than acting as a "second hit" to enhance PMN-mediated lung injury, mtDAMPs from trauma and pathogen-associated danger molecules from peritoneal infection diminish PMN accumulation in a contused lung. This may make the lung susceptible to pneumonia. This paradigm provides a novel mechanistic model of the relationship among blunt tissue trauma, systemic inflammation, and pneumonia that can be studied to improve trauma outcomes.


The roundtable discussion on shared decision making cited an "asymmetry of information"—where patients cannot see written details of their treatment—as a barrier.1 One proposed solution was to provide patients with their health records on a memory stick.

In the words of author William Ford Gibson, "the future is already here," …


The Goulburn Broken Climate Smart Agricultural Development Projects (GB CSAD) Project aims to generate and communicate specific long-term data, information and strategic plans that enable Local Government Authorities and the agriculture sector in the Goulburn Broken Region to adapt to climate change effectively with a focus on regional development, infrastructure and agricultural industry transformation.


Psychological and psychosocial qualities that are part of a profile manager, it helps to know people in subordination to and manifest towards them differently, depending on the way of being of each. Identification of early academic managerial potential is a very important measure for both the professional environment and for efficient vocational guidance. Key-Words: leadership, personality, managerial potential, academic environment, psychology, geography


The paper assesses the prospects of Chernobyl's exclusion zone lands using for PV solar plants placing and gives the review and tendencies of photovoltaics development in Europe and Ukraine. The analysis of state programs and actions for the prospects of development and increase of renewable power share, in particular photovoltaics, in a country energy balance is described. An assessment of theoretical solar potential of the Chernobyl zone and conditions at which it can be used in solar power engineering is given. Predesigns of annual and seasonal electricity production of PV plant, in case of its installation in the Chernobyl zone, at a design stage are executed with use of the known techniques of program modeling.


Axial - flow ventilator is usually a kind of ventilative device, and it is also one of mechanical device with high electrical- consumption, for the axial- flow ventilator in coal having not only high- power but also long - time operation. The article focuses on the primary analysis of some reason about axial - flow ventilator' s energy consumption, and provides several technique methods of economical operation for it.


This study aims to examine the effect of financial ratios on firm value in investment sectorcompanies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. This study usespanel data analysis method to determine financial ratios that affect firm value (Profitability,Leverage and Tangibility) in investment companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange,using a sample of 8 companies selected using purposive sampling method. The results ofempirical testing state that the Debt to Asset Ratio has a positive effect on firm value, whileNet Profit Margin and Asset Tangibility have no effect on firm value.


If you are looking for the book Zonas de Vida de Venezuela; Memoria Explicativa Sobre el Mapa Ecologico by John J. Ewel; Arnoldo Madriz; Joseph A. Tosi in pdf form, in that case you come on to faithful website. We furnish the full edition of this book in DjVu, PDF, txt, doc, ePub forms. You can reading by John J. Ewel; Arnoldo Madriz; Joseph A. Tosi online Zonas de Vida de Venezuela; Memoria Explicativa Sobre el Mapa Ecologico or download. Therewith, on our website you can read manuals and another artistic eBooks online, either downloading their as well. We will draw on consideration what our website does not store the eBook itself, but we grant reference to the website where you may download either read online. So that if have necessity to downloading by John J. Ewel; Arnoldo Madriz; Joseph A. Tosi pdf Zonas de Vida de Venezuela; Memoria Explicativa Sobre el Mapa Ecologico, in that case you come on to loyal site. We own Zonas de Vida de Venezuela; Memoria Explicativa Sobre el Mapa Ecologico ePub, txt, PDF, doc, DjVu forms. We will be happy if you revert us more.


Peripheral nerve injuries, particularly in the upper limb, may have devastating consequences. The outcome of injury is determined by the amount of cellular damage, and by variables which include the site of the lesion, the degree of disruption of the connective-tissue sheaths that surround the nerve


FALL 2011 101 community mobilizing and institution building within this context. Elsewhere, Dowden-White closely and skillfully limns the evolving ideas that anchored community organization theory and practice. In the process, she further establishes St. Louis as a key site of historical investigation, and vindicates black social welfare reform as a politics deserving of evaluation on its own terms beyond a stultifying progressive-conservative dichotomy. In delineating the Urban League's strategy of "neighborhood organization," Dowden-White broadens the term's definition to include social welfare reformers' neighborhood improvement projects. Like scholars such as Charles Connerly, she evokes a vibrant black urban planning tradition discursively connected to, yet independent of, mainline white institutions and practices. Although mindful of class dynamics among African Americans during the period covered in her study, Dowden-White at times overstates the unifying nature of the politics of respectability and racial uplift, and elides the presence of competing black political tendencies that complicated cross-class racial unity. Yet this merely signals a healthy divergence in scholarly interpretations of the salience of class among African Americans, then and now. Painstakingly rendered yet accessibly written, Groping toward Democracy fuses African American history and social welfare thought in a manner that promises to appeal to specialists in both fields, as well as general reading audiences. Clarence Lang University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign


ABSTRACT Recent work in linguistics, philosophy, and psychology suggests that the distinction between generic and specific (singular) reference is foundational to concept formation, and hence of special interest to social scientists. Generics provide the first-language learner with external evidence of the integrity of a word/concept cluster, partially filling in the scaffolding of concepts. As such, they are replicators, critical to the transmission of concepts across populations and across time. Generics are tacitly normative. As they refer to the constitutive properties of a concept rather than to its object, they tell us what—in a given social setting—a proper instance of the concept should look like. Generics sustain and reproduce social stereotypes, including—and perhaps especially—ethnoracial, class, and gender stereotypes. (Generics, conceptual formation, ethnography, tokenization, materiality)*


Mitoxantrone-loaded PLA-PLL-RGD [poly(lactic acid-co-L-lysine) modified by RGD peptide] nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The preparation was optimized by orthogonal design with the diameter and encapsulation efficiency as the evaluation indexes. The products were spherical with the average diameter of (186±2.37)nm and encapsulation efficiency of (94.7±1.46)%. The in vitro release in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution at 192 h was 61%.


Lactobacillus acidophilus is a type of probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) which produce more organic acids than other types of LAB. Organic acids produced by probiotics LAB can reduce pH and breaks several molecular bonds. They have the effects of functional foods. Lactobacillus acidophilus can be said as a probiotic if the amount in food products reaches a minimum of 107 CFU/mL. Encapsulation is a process of probiotics coating to maintain the viability in final products due to food processing. The aim of this study wasto determine the viability of encapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus through freeze and spray drying methods with the same encapsulation material. The study was conducted using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replicates. The research was conducted in Padjadjaran University and Indonesian Education University during August to October 2018. The results showed that solvents with Pasteurized milk can produce better viability and yield than distilled water. Pasteurized milk can further increase the amount of Lactobacillus acidophilus because the main substrate of the bacteria is lactose. The viability of freeze dried culture was not significantly different from the viability of spray dried culture but the yield value is significantly different.


Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has poor overall prognosis even after radical surgery, although a few patients may achieve 5 or 10-year survival following radical resection. We reported the short-term period survival (1year survival) of the patients with Pancreatic Adeno Carcinoma which had been performed resection in our low volume center.
Case report: During 2015, we performed five resections of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (pancreaticoduodenectomy) in our teaching hospital. One patient was male, and the rest were female with the average of age 42 – 64 years old. Pyloric preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) had been done in 2 cases. The average length of stay (LOS) was 10.2 days. We found two postoperative complications, both of them were classified into Clavien-Dindo 2. R0 resection can be achieved in 4 patients; one patient had an R1 resection. All of the patients received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine. After one year follow up, four patients have survived with good quality of life and one patient did not survive due to pneumonia.
Conclusion: Resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma can be performed safely in low volume center with attention in a multidisciplinary approach to get the better outcome.


I am writing this letter to discuss a very important issue that we face in Ophthalmology training in the current day scenario in our country. India is home to a quarter of the blind population of the world, but unfortunately, the number of trained ophthalmologists is lagging behind the current need.[1,2] Our country needs 25,000–30,000 ophthalmologists till 2020, which means adding 300 training slots per year.[1] This needs a major revamp of our residency system as the existing system is found to be inadequate in its current form.[3]


Liver transplantation (LT) is an efficacious curative treatment for select patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The transplant allocation system assigns Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception points to patients with HCC to reflect their wait-list mortality and prioritization for LT. The most recent change in allocation policy mandates a 6-month observation period before priority listing and a maximum score of 34 points. This change not only promotes more equitable allocation of donor organs between HCC and non-HCC patients but also provides an opportunity to assess tumor biology. Although patients with good tumor biology will have treatment-responsive HCC and remain within Milan criteria while awaiting transplantation, those with poor tumor biology will have tumor progression and drop off the waiting list. In this article, we review the evidence and implications behind MELD exception points for patients with HCC.


With the inception of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy-based magnetic tunnel junction (PMTJ) devices, spin-transfer torque (STT) magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is considered as a promising candidate for low power high-density embedded memory applications. However, the single-level cell STT-MRAM did not create much impact due to its energy/area inefficiency, higher cost per bit, and unoptimized read/write operations in sub-50 nm regime. In this paper, a series multilevel cell (sMLC) STT-MRAM is proposed that offers higher array density with reliable and energy efficient read–write operations with minimum error rates at the lower supply voltage. A high-k dielectric metal gate-based gate-all-around vertical silicon nanowire is used to drive the sMLC. A unified model based on Verilog-A and HSPICE is employed to imitate the PMTJ device. The results of 2 bit sMLC designs demonstrate switching error probability much below  $10^{-9}$ , and average write energy <2 pJ at the pulsewidth of 20 ns with a footprint area of 2F2 per bit (F is the feature size).


Calcium alginate fibers were prepared from sodium alginate by extruding aqueous sodium alginate solution (4% by weight) into a calcium chloride (2% by weight) bath. Water uptake and mechanical properties of the calcium alginate fiber were investigated. Water uptake tests of calcium alginate showed that it absorbed 50% of water within a minute and indicated strong hydrophilic nature. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based calcium alginate fiber reinforced unidirectional composites (10% fiber by weight) were fabricated by compression molding. Tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM) and impact strength (IS) of the PVA matrix and the composite were evaluated. TS, BS, TM, and BM of the PVA matrix were found 10, 18, 320 and 532 MPa, respectively. TS and BS of the PVA based composite were found to be 16 and 27 MPa, respectively, which were 60 and 50% higher than that of the PVA matrix. TM and BM of the composite were found to be 620 and 1056 MPa, respectively, which were improved by 94 and 98% over the matrix material. Degradation tests of the composites were performed for up to 2 months in soil medium and found that composites lost almost 50% of its original mechanical properties. The interfacial properties of the composite were also investigated by using the single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT).


Extrinsic carcinoma of the larynx and other growths involving the pharynx are unsuitable for interstitial irradiation. Of eighteen cases that I have had treated by external irradiation all had glands, and in five the growth has disappeared comparatively quickly, but the glands are still palpable after two years. I have had poor success with post-cricoid carcinoma, my few patients all dying within six months. X-ray and radium beam treatment are outside my province, but it is generally accepted that deep x rays are more satisfactory than the beam method, as they can be applied at a greater distance from the skin and for shorter time-doses than with the present small amounts of radium available for beam treatment. It must be remembered that irradiation renders a growth more resistant to its rays on a second occasion, and at the same time the normal tissues are also more sensitive ; therefore a full carcinomacidal dose should be given at the first treatment. As I have said, x rays are the best treatment for rapidly growing carcinomata, and they are the only treatment for extensive growths and serious gland involvements. Coutard gets good results with external irradiation of intrinsic carcinoma of the larynx, but I think the fenestration method is superior. The technique of treatment by irradiation is always being improved, with better results, and I expect still better results with an improvement in the facilities and in the condition of the patients.


Model structure selection is a crucial task in applications where nonlinear black-box models are used, in order to reduce the model size and the associated computational effort. One such application is Active Noise Control (ANC), where nonlinear effects arise due e.g. to saturation and distortion of microphones and loudspeakers. Both parameter estimation and model selection are complex in the general nonlinear case if standard algorithms of the Least Mean Squares (LMS) type are used, due to the inherent difficulties in the gradient calculation when the secondary path is nonlinear. A model selection method is here proposed that employs a gradient-free parameter estimation algorithm to tackle the secondary path issue. A virtualization scheme is used to estimate the performance of the model subject to various different structural modifications, in order to select the most appropriate one to apply to the actual control filter. Some simulation examples are discussed to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.


A popular newly introduced rice variety Phalguna (RP 6–17) was found to be susceptible to the development of black colour at the tip of the grains. On parboiling the paddy, the degree of discoloration intensified and occasionally even the entire kernels were found to be discoloured. In the affected grains the breakages during milling were considerably higher than the unaffected grains. There was not much difference between the nutrient composition of the black tip and normal grains. However, contents of iron and free sugar were found to be higher in black tip grains than that in normal grains. A positive correlation between extent of discoloration of the grains and the glucosamine content was observed suggesting that this criterion could be used as an index of fungal contamination. Species of Alternaria and Curvularia were found to be more predominant in black tip raw rice than normal raw rice. Acute toxicity studies in chicks and ducklings and short-term toxicity studies in rats did not indicate ill effects.


to find translations of Lucian's texts. The bibliography has a section on translations, but this lists only three items (one by B., two by v.M.), which cover only a small part of Lucian's works; older translations should have been included here, with the aim to point readers to accessible translations of the whole Lucianic Corpus, in German and, where necessary, in other languages. The volume is a thorough introduction to Lucian – the broad coverage of so many of Lucian's texts is impressive, and the effort to make complex arguments and literary analysis accessible is to be commended. B. and v.M. communicate successfully the literary range, playfulness and sophistication of Lucian as a writer and introduce their readers to a whole variety of approaches to the ancient author. At the same time, there are many instances where B. and v.M. contribute valuable insights to the wider debate. The lack of scholarly references is regrettable, since these would have made it easier for the book to find its place within the wider scholarly discourse about Lucian, and it would have allowed readers new to Lucian to follow up relevant debates. What matters most, however, is that the book is a good way of introducing Lucian to new readers and enticing them to explore his works well beyond the best known examples.


Budding of frog virus 3 (FV3) from the cytoplasmic membrane of BHK21 cells has been studied with immunological and cytochemical methods in electron microscopy. In stage 0, where


Data quality on categorical attribute is a difficult problem that has not received as much attention as numerical counterpart. Our basic idea is to employ association rule for the purpose of data quality measurement. Strong rule generation is an important area of data mining. Association rule mining problems can be considered as a multi objective problem rather than as a single objective one. The main area of concentration was the rules generated by association rule mining using genetic algorithm. The advantage of using genetic algorithm is to discover high level prediction rules is that they perform a global search and cope better with attribute interaction than the greedy rule induction algorithm often used in data mining. Genetic algorithm based approach utilizes the linkage between association rule and feature selection. In this paper, we put forward a Multi objective genetic algorithm approach for data quality on categorical attributes. The result shows that our approach is outperformed by the objectives like accuracy, completeness, comprehensibility and interestingness.


We prove that every automorphism of the category of free Lie algebras is a semi automorphism. This solves Problem 3.9 from [G. Mashevitzky, B. Plotkin, E. Plotkin, Electron Announc. Amer. Math. Soc. 8 (2002) 1–10] for Lie algebras.  2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction We start from an arbitrary variety of algebras Θ. Let us denote the category of free in Θ algebrasF = F(X), whereX is finite, byΘ0. In order to avoid the set theoretic problem we view allX as subsets of a universal infinite set X0. Our main goal is to study automorphisms φ :Θ0 → Θ0 and the corresponding grou AutΘ0 for variousΘ. In this paper we consider the case when Θ is the variety of all Lie algebras over a infinite fieldP . Our aim is to prove the following principal theorem: Theorem 1. Every automorphism of the category of free Lie algebras is a semi-i automorphism. * Corresponding author. E-mail address:firstname.lastname@example.com (G. Mashevitzky). 1 This work is partially supported by the Emmy Noether I nstitute for Mathematics and the Minerva Foundat of Germany, by the Excellency Center of the Israel Science Foundation "Group Theo retic Methods in the Study of Algebraic Varieties" and by INTAS 00-566. 0021-8693/$ – see front matter  2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jalgebra.2003.09.038 G. Mashevitzky et al. / Journal of Algebra 282 (2004) 490–512 491


Based on the previous researches and taking the Nuo play in Enshi Tujia areas as the study of object,the paper interprets the expressions of atristic language in Nuo play in Tujia areas by borrowing the concrete formula sign expressions in Chinese painting.


Depression detection using speech signal is becoming an attractive topic because it is fast, convenient and non-invasive. Many researches aimed at improving depression classification performance. This study investigated application of ensemble learners in depression detection and compared three speaking styles (interview, reading and picture description) in ensembles. A speech dataset collecting from 184 subjects (92 depressed patients and 92 healthy controls) was used for these goals. The results showed that ensemble learners perform better than individual learners apparently. Interview is a more effective speaking style than reading and picture description for speech acquisition. These findings suggest us ensemble model based multi-utterance in interview is the best way to detect depression.


We propose a new analytical approach to the study of all-dielectric metamaterials allowing the prediction of the optical index maps and the required hole drilling distributions making light follow prescribed paths. The method will be applied to proof-of-concept structures based on the silicon-on-insulator technology. Light propagation will be studied using FDTD simulation to verify light trajectories, study the influence of extended light beams, and evaluate the robustness of the semi-classical approach based on equations of Hamiltonian optics. The presented results will show that the proposed method can be used for the straightforward design of new optical functionalities within the photonic metamaterial regime.


An examination of the changing role of women in society will disclose many parallels with the changing role of women in education. As the educational background of women increased, they became more active politically, economically and socially in their society, and educationally, as well, in making decisions about what their education shall be. To appreciate fully the dynamic, exciting quality of the Women's Studies movement, we should look quickly at Women's Studies in the context of the continuing history of the education of women. Should women be educated? Should women be educated with men? What should that education be? These have been questions central to the progress of women's education and to the progress of women in general. Three brief illustrations of the kinds of answers that have been provided for these questions in the past will give some setting for a serious look at a new education for women.


This paper mainly introduces how to realizing the receiving and sending of speech signal in the Private Branch Exchange(PBX) port by Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA),which is developed by the hardware program language(VHDL).And it focus on the following parts: the outlet and take-over of the section of PBX,and the connection between the outlet and take-over section.The results of the simulation analysis of the software and the debugging of the hardware show the established system run well.


In 2002, the United States Supreme Court handed down its decision in Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB. 1 This landmark decision seemingly eliminated any chance illegal immigrant employees had to obtain awards of backpay after being discharged in violation of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). More importantly, however, the decision sent a message to the country that illegal entry into the United States was a violation that was to be taken more seriously by the courts than grossly unfair employment practices.


This article addresses the need to build sustainable, appropriate and authentic foundations for learning with mobiles in the Global South. It does this in two ways: first, by reviewing aspects of the current environment, namely the nature of learning with mobiles in the Global North, the relationships between research and policy in relation to learning with mobiles, the impact of mobile technology on language, and the meanings of international development; and second, by consolidating these within a broader and critical historical framework that sees education and technology as the instruments of the hegemony of the Global North, reinforcing its values and worldview. This is, however, methodologically challenging and problematic, and the article briefly considers how such arguments should be constructed. The article concludes by offering ways forward as the basis for practical progress.


The residual stress induced by packaging has been an common and important problem in the electronic packaging and assembly. Silicon piezoresistive sensor was applied to in - situ record the curing stress profile and the distributions of the the residual stress in chip on board (COB). Results indicate that the residual stress development is related to substrate type, and the average residual stress on aluminum oxide ceramic substrate is lower than that on FR4 substrate.


A novel conjugated polynitrile, plasma-polymerized 1-isoquinolinecarbonitrile (PPIQCN) was prepared by plasma polymerization for the first time. The structure and surface compositions of the deposited PPIQCN thin filsm were investigated by Fourier Trabsform Infrared (FTIR), UV-Vuisible absorption and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscoy (XPS). The results show that extensively conjugated C=double bonds were formed in PPIQCN films during the plasma polymerization of 1-isoquinolinecarbonitrile. An obvious red shift of more than 120 nm in the maximum absorption wavelength (λ max ) for PHQCN films as compared with the monomer absorption spectrum was observed. To check the possibility of applying the PPIQCN films as optical devices, photoluminescence (PL) measurements were also carried out and a maximum PL emission intensity was observed at about 458 nm.


The utility of the adiabatic and the diabatic representations in molecular eigenfunction expansions for He+-He charge exchange scattering has been considered. The charge transfer probability and cross section have been calculated in both representations over a wide energy range in the uncoupled approximation. Comparison with experiments above 1 keV shows good agreement with the uncoupled diabatic calculations, but a few features appear which are expected to be due to coupling between the two crossing 2 Sigma g states of the quasi-molecule.


This chapter addresses a case study of long-term assessment of a field application of environmental nanotechnology. Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) contaminants such as Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and Trichloroethene (TCE) are a type of recalcitrant compounds commonly found at contaminated sites. Recent research has focused on their remediation using environmental nanotechnology in which nanomaterials such as nanoscale Emulsified Zerovalent Iron (EZVI) are added to the subsurface environment to enhance contaminant degradation. Such nanoremediation approach may be mostly applicable to the source zone where the contaminant mass is the greatest and source removal is a critical step in controlling the further spreading of the groundwater plume. Compared to micro-scale and granular counterparts, NZVI exhibits greater degradation rates due to its greater surface area and reactivity from its faster corrosion. While NZVI shows promise in both laboratory and field tests, limited information is available about the long-term effectiveness of nanoremediation because previous field tests are mostly less than two years. Here an update is provided for a six-year performance evaluation of EZVI for treating PCE and its daughter products at a Superfund site at Parris Island, South Carolina, USA. The field test consisted of two side-by-side treatment plots to remedy a shallow PCE source zone (less than 6 m below ground surface) using pneumatic injection and direct injection, separately in October 2006. For the pneumatic injections, a two-step injection procedure was used. First, the formation was fluidized by the injection of nitrogen gas alone, followed by injection of the EZVI with nitrogen gas as the carrier. In the pneumatic injection plot, 2,180 liters of EZVI containing 225 kg of iron (Toda RNIP-10DS), 856 kg of corn oil, and 22.5 kg of surfactant were injected to remedy an estimated 38 kg of chlorinated volatile compounds (CVOC)s. Direct injections were performed using a direct push rig. In the direct injection plot, 572 liters of EZVI were injected to treat an estimated 0.155 kg of CVOCs. Visual inspection of collected soil cores before and after EZVI injections shows that the travel distance of EZVI was dependent on the method of delivery with pneumatic injection achieving a greater distance of 2.1 m than did direct injection reaching a distance of 0.89 m. Significant decreases in PCE and TCE concentrations were observed in downgradient wells with corresponding increases in degradation products including significant increases in ethene. In the pneumatic injection plot, there were significant reductions in the downgradient groundwater mass flux values for chlorinated ethenes (>58%) and a significant increase in the mass flux of ethene (628%). There were significant reductions in total CVOCs mass (78%), which was less than an estimated 86% decrease in total CVOCs made at 2.5 years due to variations in soil cores collected for CVOCs extraction and determination; an estimated reduction of 23% (vs.63% at 2.5 years) in the sorbed and dissolved phases and 95% (vs. 93% at 2.5 years) reduction in the PCE DNAPL mass. Significant increases in dissolved sulfide, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and total organic carbon (TOC) were observed and dissolved sulfate and pH decreased in many monitoring wells. The apparent effective destruction of CVOC was accomplished by a combination of abiotic dechlorination by nanoiron and biological reductive dechlorination stimulated by the oil in the emulsion. No adverse effects of EZVI were observed for the microbes. In contrast, populations of dehalococcoides showed an increase up to 10,000 fold after EZVI injection. The dechlorination reactions were sustained for the six-year period from a single EZVI delivery. Repeated EZVI injections four to six years apart may be cost-effective to more completely remove the source zone contaminant mass. Overall, the advantages of the EZVI technology include an effective "one-two punch" of rapid abiotic dechlorination followed by a sustained biodegradation; contaminants are destroyed rather than transferred to another medium; ability to treat both DNAPL source zones and dissolved-phase contaminants to contain plume migration; ability to deliver reactants to targeted zones not readily accessible by conventional permeable reactive barriers; and potential for lower overall costs relative to alternative technologies such as groundwater pump-and-treat with high operation and maintenance costs or thermal technologies with high capital costs. The main limitations of the EZVI technology are difficulty in effectively distributing the viscous EZVI to all areas impacted with DNAPL; potential decrease in hydraulic conductivity due to iron corrosion products buildup or biofouling; potential to adversely impact secondary groundwater quality through mobilization of metals and production of sulfides or methane; injection of EZVI may displace DNAPL away from the injection point; and repeated injections may be required to completely destroy the contaminants.


The Escherichia coli D-galactose and D-glucose receptor is a two-domain structure with a sugar-binding site at the interface between domains. The structure of the closed cleft containing bound D-glucose has been determined crystallographically, but the open cleft remains to be characterized. The present study illustrates a generalizable approach that is used to detect and analyze both the open- and closed-cleft conformations in solution. A 19F nucleus located inside the cleft is monitored by 19F NMR. When the cleft is occupied by D-glucose, the 19F nucleus is found to be inaccessible to the aqueous paramagnetic probe Gd-EDTA, verifying that the occupied cleft is closed in solution and inaccessible to bulk solvent. When the cleft is empty, the 19F nucleus becomes accessible to the paramagnet such that the distance of closest approach is r less than or equal to 10 A, indicating that the empty cleft opens at least transiently by an angle theta greater than or equal to 18 +/- 3 degrees.


A TEMPO-mediated [3 + 2] annulation-aromatization protocol for the preparation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines from N-aminopyridines and α,β-unsaturated compounds was developed. The procedure offered multisubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines in good to excellent yield with high and predictable regioselectivity. The modification of marketed drugs including Loratadine, Abiraterone, and Metochalcone, and a one-pot three-step gram scale synthesis of key intermediate for the preparation of Selpercatinib were demonstrated. Mechanism studies show that TEMPO serves both as a Lewis acid and as an oxidant.


The Witwatersrand reefs contain gold, uranium, and pyrite in the following average concentrations: 0,001 per cent, 0,02 per cent, and 1,7 per cent respectively. The paper discusses t~e flotation of pyrite to produce a s,ulphide concentrate, reviews work done on the production of gold concentrates, discusses attempts to produce maximum concentrates, and closes with a review of processes for the simultaneous flotation of these three species. It is concluded that high recoveries of all three species can be achieved only if a rougher concentrate of perhaps 20 per cent of the feed (by mass) is produced, and it is suggested that reverse leaching (leaching before cyanidation) of this concentrate, followed by a cleaning flotation step for the recovery of the pyrite, would be more efficient than the routes employed at present.


Regardless of the associated pharmacological treatment modality, hygienic-dietary measures, focusing on lifestyle modification (diet and physical activity), represent the basis of the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In order to ensure that these dietary measures are effective and long lasting, their implementation and follow-up require guidance. This work focuses on nutrition coaching based on a low glycemic index (GI) diet proposed to type 2 diabetics with the aim of reducing postprandial glycemia in the direction of a better balance to help prevent micro and macro-vascular complications. This method is easy to follow and does not require high restrictions, it allowed us to significantly lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.92% after a 12-week follow-up (P < 0.05). However, the control diabetic patients who did not benefit from the coaching did not show any significant difference before and after the 12-week experiment.


In this paper, we developed an enhanced Rough Set Theory approach to show the self-similarity of an image for patch based image analysis systems. The motivation of this work is to search for a similar set of pixels from a given image for each pixel or patch present in the image. Still, the image searched by similarity exploration is a time consuming and some of the local search space access is restricted in the previous works. The proposed method explores the image space globally for each given patch using Improved Rough Set Theory (RST) in a better way. A predefined set of attributes of the image is used to explore the similarity of the image. The applicability of denoising methods has been shown on the medical image domain and evaluated quantitatively using various statistical measures. The performance of proposed method was found to be comparable and satisfactory.


SIR: MOST OF THE IMPORTANT PSYCHIAtric journals nowadays hardly accept any case report articles because of their "lack of quantitative/statistical background"-the empiricist paradigm in modern psychiatry. In this way we are probably missing the opportunity to find out about deep psychopathological nuances, relationships between affect and cognition, and complex interactions between two persons, rather than between a person (the patient) and an instrument (a questionnaire, a scale, an interviewer). Mental life, mainly in itsaffective aspects, is much too complex to be reduced to the dimensions of one or more clinical scales or diagnostic criteria; obviously these are validated instruments, but they cannot capture new and more complex psychopathological phenomena recognizable only by deep clinical work. It could be said that anecdotal cases have almost no importance in the face of studies with a large sample size. But we could also argue that even a study of an enormous sample of white swans indicating that all swans are white can be challenged by a single case study of an isolated black swan. Finally, it must be said that these deep clinical studies are the best raw material for quantitative and empirical work. As Popper' stressed, the mere sum of data per se does not produce more fruitful hypotheses.


A flat‐membrane dialyzer was used as enzyme reactor by introducing enzyme solution into one of the membrane‐separated chambers. The apparent Michaelis constant Km(app) of urease was always larger (ten times at [urease] = 1 mg/ml) than that of free enzyme because the permeation of substrate through the membrane was rate determining. Km(app) for urease decreased from 125 to 20mM with increasing flow rate of the substrate solution because of the turbulent flow near the membrane. In the case of glucose oxidase or creatine kinase, the reaction rate was limited by the permeation of less permeable substrates such as oxygen or ATP. Therefore, Km(app) of more permeable substrates such as glucose or creatine became smaller than that of free enzyme. The reaction amount calculated from the permeation data agreed well with experimental results. By designing spacers for the reactor to give turbulence to the solution, the effectiveness of the reactor was improved fivefold.


Based on analysis of inclined plate design of sump caisson using FLUENT conformed in ANSYS 12.0 WORKBENCH and LF13-2,analys the influence on separation of oil and waste water,and get the optimized method.Optimized data is based on the analysis of distance between the first inclined plate and inlet nozzle,distance between two adjacent inclined plates,length of inclined plate,and angle of inclined plates.The optimization of angle, distance between the first inclined plate and inlet nozzle,distance between adjacent inclined plates is respectively 45°,200mm,1632mm.


This article investigates the design of a robust fixed-order controller for single-input–single-output (SISO) polytopic systems with interval uncertainties, with the aim that the closed-loop stability is appropriately ensured and the performance specifications on sensitivity shaping are conformed in a specific finite frequency range. Utilizing the notion of generalized common Lyapunov strictly positive realness (CL-SPRness), the equivalence between strictly positive realness (SPRness) and strictly bounded realness (SBRness) is established; and then, the specifications on robust stability and performance are transformed into the SPRness of newly constructed systems and further characterized in the framework of linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions. The proposed methodology avoids the tedious yet mandatory evaluations of the specifications on all vertices of the uncertain polytopic system in an explicit form. Instead, solving five LMIs exclusively suffices for ensuring the robust stability and performance regardless of the number of vertices, and thus, the typically heavy computational burden is considerably alleviated. It is also noteworthy that the proposed methodology additionally provides the necessary and sufficient conditions for this robust controller design with the consideration of a prescribed finite frequency range, and therefore, significantly less conservatism is attained in the system performance.


Ten years have passed since we wrote "A Short History of Primary Care Practice-based Research Networks: From Concept to Essential Research Laboratories."[1][1] In that essay we described the roots of general practice research in the work of visionary family physicians James Mackenzie, Will


We develop a theoretical framework to conceptualize and analyze reputation formation by integrating economic reputation theory sociological role theory. Our framework emphasizes that reputation for...


The substance of this article was presented as an address at the convention of the National Vocational Guidance Association in February. The manuscript was received some time afterward, but prior to many of the events and developments under the national recovery program which would have had significance in relation to Dr. Morgan's thesis. The article, though not written in the light of these events and developments, shows a remarkable degree of foresight and anticipation. Nothing has changed its original and essential value as an essay in social planning.

America must re-evaluate its educational program in terms of economic change and social purpose. Vocational education (1) must be preceded by intelligent counseling, (2) should not be too specific, (3) is an inseparable part of the development of the whole personality, (4) should be determined by needs of society, (5) must give consideration to intelligent consumption, and (6) belongs in the school and not in industry.


Abstract The electric dipole, quadrupole, octopole and hexadecapole moment of carbon monoxide has been obtained from finite-field SCF and Moeller-Plesset perturbation theory calculations. The resulting values for the octopole and hexadecapole moments of CO(X1 Σ+ ) are 3.59 eao3 and - 9.01 eao4 respectively


This study presents a comprehensive analysis of Inclusive Education in China, using a quadripartite system that synthesises the most recent policy documents concerning inclusion and segregation. The study addresses four research questions that focus on the status, merits and shortcomings of existing policies, implementation, and opportunities for improvement. The study adapts the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education (EASNIE) framework for assessing and ensuring quality inclusive education provision. Primary policy documents analysed include the National Plan 2010–2020, Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China 2010–2020, Law on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities, and Reports and documents from the China Disabled Persons' Federation (CDPF). Tabulation and visualisation of data and findings are based on the Country Policy Review and Analysis, which includes 12 measures for assessment and implications, and the Prevent-Intervene-Compensate model provided by EASNIE. The study offers detailed findings and descriptions of inclusive education in China, highlighting both strengths and weaknesses, while providing implications and actions for improving the quality of inclusive education in the country. The study concludes that while China has unique forms of provision for inclusive education, there are still areas that require improvement to ensure better outcomes for all learners.


Abstract : This report contains the results of a survey of existing apparatus capable of testing large-diameter specimens of compacted rock and earth-rock mixtures in laboratories not only of the Corps of Engineers (CE) but also of outside organizations.


A Very Large Floating Structure (VLFS) is expected as a new utilization of the ocean space. Rigidity of VLFS is, however, relatively small, so that an hydroelastic response of VLFS in waves should be considered. Many researchers studied on the elastic response of a pontoon type VLFS, in addition, on that of column support type VLFS. The VLFS supported by columns shows the smaller elastic response than that of the pontoon type VLFS. In the 1st report of this paper, we have discussed about hydrodynamic responses of a column with footing which has a wave-free frequency on wave exciting force and also examined the hydroelastic responses of a VLFS supported by a large number of the columns in regular waves.In this paper, we investigate on the charcteristics of hydroelastic behaviors of a VLFS supported by a large number of footing-columns which have two wave-free frequencies. And then, we disccuse about the hydroelastic behaviors of a VLFS in irregular seas based on spectral analyses. Furthermore we compare the hydroelastic responses of VLFSs among supported by columns without wave-free frequency, supported by columns with one wave-free frequency and supported by columns with two wave-free frequencies. In the analyses, the hydrodynamic forces of the single column are calculated by using 3-dimensional source sink method, and the hydrodynamic characteristics of VLFS are obtained by using hydro interaction theory.


Objective To assess the applicability of BACT/ALERT 3D system and absolute con- centration method in rapid culture and drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis for individ- ual chemotherapy in spinal tuberculosis, and to analyse the epidemiology of drug resistance in spine tuber- culosis. Methods In this series, 50 patients were diagnozed as spinal tuberculosis based on clinical, radio- logical and histological arguments. The specimens (pus or caseous tissue) were collected during surgery, and preserved in dark cold place. After processed in a routine mycobacteriology laboratory procedure in 8 hours, the specimens were inoculated into vials of the BACT/ALERT 3D system. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were identified with PNB or TCH culture medium growth trial. The drug susceptibility testing was performed using absolute concentration method,which included 11 first-line and second-line antituberculous drugs. Results Twenty-one of the total 50 specimens were cultured positive(42%). Nineteen specimens were iden- tiffed as M. tuberculosis infection and 2 as M. boris. The average detection time to report drug susceptibility was 41 days (ranging from 28 to 58 days). There were 11 cases resistant to at least one drug (52.4%), 4 to isoniazid (19.0%), 1 to rifampicin (4.8%),1 to ethambutol (4.8%), 3 to streptomycin (14.3%), 2 to dipasie (9.5%), 8 to levofloxacin (38.1%). Conclusion The procedures are accurate and low-cost for first and sec- ond line antituberculous drugs susceptibility testing, and can be recommended for refining the optimal chemotherapy regimen in spinal tuberculosis. The combining usage of four or five drug regimen (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol with or without streptomycin) is most efficient for initial treatment in spinal tuberculosis.

Key words:
Tuberculosis, spinal;  Microbial sensitivity tests;  Clinical protocols


The paper introduces some information about Harbin Metro line 1, makes the decision analysis on economies, environment, society and geological environment of Harbin Metro line 1 by some fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, and gives the weight coefficients of indicators through analytic hierarchy process. The comprehensive evaluation result provides the basis for decision-makers during decision of metro projects.


Harlequin ichtyosis was observed at a girl, who managed to survive till 4 months age. Results of postmortem examination were presented. Diagnostic criteria were described, issues of prenatal diagnostics and treatment opportunities are being discussed.


HIV/ADIS will be one of the greatest challenges in public health in this century. As the burst increased rate of AIDS patients, governments and organizations are investing unprecedented resources in AIDS prevention and therapy. The following contents constitute the work that we done in this paper, and they can meet the requirement of all the tasks. To begin with, we define an index named risk index (Rl) to quantify the risk degree of each country that is threatened by HIV. Then we select six countries that have the largest Rl in the continent where they are located. The countries we select are South Africa, India, France, USA, Australia and Brazil. After we select the countries, we use a revised SIR model to estimate the rate of change of the number of HIV infections in the six countries and realize it on Matlab. Then we design a method to predict the expected global investment on HIV/AIDS from 2006 to 2050 for the six countries from foreign aid donors from 2006 to 2050. Besides, we define an index named safety index (SI) and use the method of linear programming to estimate the optimized amount of money allocated on drugs and vaccine on Lindo when the SI is the largest. After that, we re-estimate the rate of change of the number of HIV infections in the six countries under the three scenarios using three revised SIR models separately. In the end, we write a white paper of recommendations to the United Nations according to our analysis of the issue. Keywords-AIDS, SIR model, linear programming.


A designing of residential central air conditioning and independent machinery ventilating for modern residential building is introduced in this paper.Airconditioning way for the residential building selects the forced-air cooling(cold/hot water type) residential central air conditioning,at the same time,the ventilation system selects independent machinery ventilating,for this ventilating system is favourable to indoor air quality,and through the analysis of the expenses for investment and operating,suggests that the air conditioning and ventilating system for residential building should be widely promoted.


This paper begins with an introduction to four different prominent versions of process reliabilism about knowledge, namely, the simple K-reliabilism, John Greco's robust virtue epistemology, Duncan Pritchard's anti-luck virtue epistemology, and the Goldmanian Kreliabilism. Its main objective is to offer a counterexample, namely, the fewer barn façades case, to the anti-luck virtue epistemology, and thus to the robust virtue epistemology and the simple K-reliabilism as well. Since there are already other counterexamples, like Keith Lehrer's Mr. Truetemp case, to the Goldmanian K-reliabilism, the discovery of a counterexample to the other three prominent versions of K-reliabilism is a strong attack on K-reliabilism in general.


An experiment, based on the change in the velocity of the oscillating mass with applied frequency, has been designed and put to use. It is inexpensive and simple to build, and it may be valuable in an intermediate physics course.


An enantioselective synthesis of trichodiene 1 has been accomplished. The key bond between the vicinal quaternary centers is formed by way of an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of the ketene silyl acetal 24. The rearrangement occurs with complete facial selectivity and excellent diastereoselectivity to give an advanced intermediate that is directly converted to ent-trichodiene, (-)-1


The graphic shows a core-shell Co2P nanoparticles as bifunctional electrocatalyst for HER and OER. The collaborative effect between NPPC and Co2P can improve the charge transfer rate and further enhanced catalytic activity.


Objective To compare the outcomes of the surgical treatment of complex renal calculi with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(mPCNL) and EMS percutaneous nephrolithotomy(standard tract PCNL) under ultrasound guidance.Methods A total of 78 patients with complex renal calculi were allocated to either mPCNL treatment group(mPCNL group,n=35) or EMS(swiss,the fourth generation) standard tract PCNL treatment group(standard tract PCNL group,n=43).The operative time,primary stone-free rate and operative complications in the two groups were compared.Results 16F and 24F percutaneous renal accesses were successfully established in mPCNL group and standard tract PCNL group respectively,and then the first lithotrity-lithiasis cleaning procedure was performed.The operation time in mPCNL group was longer than that in the standard tract PCNL group 〔(102±31) min vs(67±22) min,P0.05〕.The primary stone-free rate in mPCNL group was lower than that in standard tract PCNL group(65.7% vs 88.4%,P0.05).The postoperative bleeding that needed blood transfusion occurred in one patient of mPCNL group,and no bleeding case that needed blood transfusion occurred in standard tract PCNL group.No injuries of adjacent viscera occurred in all patients.In mPCNL group,pleural effusion occurred in one patient who underwent puncturing upper renal calyce through 11 intercostal place,and cured through closed drainage of pleural cavity.In standard tract PCNL group,abdominis hydrops occurred in two patients who were cured through the treatment of aspirating effusion and diuresis.The body temperature 38.5 ℃ occurred in one case of mPCNL group.There was no significant difference in operative complications in two groups(P0.05).Conclusions Both the treatments of complex renal calculi with mPCNL and EMS(the fourth generation) standard tract PCNL under ultrasound guidance are similarly safe,but the standard tract PCNL has the superiority of higher primary stone-free rate and shorter operation time over the holmium Laser mPCNL.Therefore the standard tract PCNL merits propagation for treating complex renal calculi.


The efficacy of using antihomotoxica Mucosa compositum in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Were divided into two groups of observation – the main group and the control group. Main group patients underwent standard therapy and antihomotoxica Mucosa compositum, patients in the control group – traditional therapy. Diagnostic criteria were symptoms (assessed on the 14th day, the 30th day of treatment and one year after treatment), quality of life (assessed on the 30th day of treatment) and the results of endoscopic examination of the esophagus – edema and hyperemia of the mucosa, erosion (studied at the 30th laziness therapy). Patients who received Mucosa compositum, on the 30th day of treatment was significantly regressed symptoms, signs of inflammation, prevailed quality of life. It is proved that the use of Mucosa compositum can increase the period of remission, as evidenced by a significantly lower incidence of clinical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease than with conventional therapy, a year after treatment.


Effective ingredients from animal resources that can be useful for making skin-care cosmetics were briefed.The materials include: mocu-polysaccharides,placenta extract,bee products(honey,bee gel,royal jelly and bee wax),marten fat,earthworm extract,spleen extract,collagen as well as chitin and its derivatives.The newly developed application of these materials were summarized.