Children use biases to learn novel words and extend these words to novel objects without having to give consideration to every possible meaning of the new word. Using Novel Noun Generalization Tasks, researchers have found that children 2-years-old tend to extend names for solid objects to other objects that are the same shape, which is called the shape bias (Landau, Smith, & Jones, 1988; Soja, Carey, & Spelke, 1991; Imai & Gentner, 1997). Children 21⁄2-yearsold also extend names for non-solid substances to things that have the same material, which is called the material bias (Dickinson, 1988; Soja 1992; Imai & Gentner, 1997; Landau, Smith, & Jones, 1992; Diesndruck & Bloom, 2003). In early vocabulary, count nouns tend to refer to solid objects and mass nouns tend to refer to non-solid substances (Samuelson & Smith, 1999). This study tests whether a child's knowledge of count and mass nouns at age 24 months influences their performance on two NNGTs, one using solid objects and one using non-solid substances. Our results found that total number of nouns (count, mass, and ambiguous) in a child's vocabulary does influence whether they exhibit the shape or material biases for either solid objects or non-solid substances. 24-month-olds with a larger noun vocabulary tend to extend the names of both solid objects and non-solid substances to shape, and 24-month-olds with a smaller noun vocabulary tend to extend the names of both solid objects and non-solid substances to material. We also found that both a larger number of count nouns and pro-shape bias words (nouns that describe categories of objects that are solid and match in shape) is negatively correlated with whether children pick material matches for solid objects. Thus, the more count nouns and pro-shape bias words a child has, the less likely they are to choose material matches for solid objects. These results show that attending to shape, not material, can create a larger vocabulary in 24-month-olds. Count/Mass Nouns & Shape/Material Biases 3 Introduction A child's acquisition of language is an amazing thing to witness. Children will go from babbling to learning eight to ten new words a day in just a few years (Carey, 1978; Miller, 1977). Children are fast-mappers, which means they can learn a new word after being exposed to it just one time (Landau, Smith, & Jones, 1988). This is remarkable, given the sheer number of things in the world that a new word could refer to. For example, if one shows a child a picture of a strange-looking brown fur-covered creature with large ears, a long snout, and a pointy, bare tale, and said the novel word "aardvark," there are many different characteristics of the creature the child knows the word could refer to. For example, "aardvark" could refer to the whole animal, this particular animal (i.e. its proper name), the tail, the ears, the color, and so on. But children ages 3 years and up would assume that the word refers to the whole animal (Markman & Wachtel, 1988), and they would be correct. How do children infer this knowledge based on just one instance of hearing a word? Children are so efficient because they seem to know a lot about how words map to meanings; they are biased learners. Despite the negative connotation the word "bias" implies, biases actually aid learning, because children don't give consideration to every possible meaning of a word. Rather, children use the knowledge of the world they already have to determine which of the possible meanings of a word is most likely. In this case, children assume "aardvark" refers to the whole animal because of a bias called the Whole Object Assumption, where children assume that if they hear a novel word and the word could refer to an object, it refers to the whole object, not a part or other aspect of its being (Markman & Wachtel, 1988). Biases help children determine what a new word could refer to. Count/Mass Nouns & Shape/Material Biases 4 One way that researchers test what biases children exhibit is by using novel word learning tasks called Novel Noun Generalization Tasks (NNGTs). NNGTs are used to infer how children generalize a new word to novel objects. In these tasks, children are shown a novel object or substance (an exemplar), and told it has a novel name. The child is shown other novel objects/substances, some of which match in shape, some in material, some in color, etc., and is asked what else can be called by that novel name. Novel Noun Generalization Tasks are an excellent method to see what properties of an object or substance children are paying attention to, and therefore what they are biased towards. This paper will try to determine if the types of words children have in their productive vocabulary influences what biases they exhibit. In this Introduction, we will begin by giving some background information about the biases we will be examining, the shape and material biases. We will then explain the types of words we are interested in, count and mass nouns, before describing the measurement used to determine the child's productive vocabulary, the MCDI. Several previous studies have looked at the relationship between shape/material biases and count/mass nouns, and we will explain the key theories that have been proposed to explain the relationship. We will also describe some past studies observing the relationship, before describing the present study and our predictions. Our main research question is: Do the types of words, specifically count and mass nouns, that 24-month-olds know influence whether they exhibit the shape or material bias for solids or non-solids? A. Shape and Material Biases Two types of biases that children have been show to exhibit using NNGTs are the shape bias and the material bias. The shape bias is when toddlers 24 months and older extend names for solid objects to other objects that have the same shape (Landau, Smith, & Jones, 1988; Soja, Count/Mass Nouns & Shape/Material Biases 5 Carey, & Spelke, 1991; Imai & Gentner, 1997). Children learn that for solid objects, things that are the same shape tend to have the same name (for example, all things called "chair" are usually chair-shaped, regardless of the material or color). In addition, a typically developing toddler will begin to exhibit the material bias at about 30 months, which means they extend names for nonsolid substances to other substances that are made of the same material (Dickinson, 1988; Soja 1992; Imai & Gentner, 1997; Landau, Smith, & Jones, 1992; Diesndruck & Bloom, 2003). For non-solid substances, children learn that things that are made of the same material tend to have the same name (for example, all things called "pudding" match in material, regardless of shape or color). The existence of the shape and material biases indicate that for early word learning, there is a relationship between shape and solids, and between material and non-solids. In other words, shape is the most salient feature of solid objects, and material is the most salient feature of nonsolid substances. Children seem to know that solids are bounded, individuated objects, and therefore that shape similarities unite classes of objects. Non-solids are non-bounded, continuous substances united by material similarities. Semantically, there seems to be an ontological distinction between solids and non-solids, even very early in word learning, which dictates which perceptual features children pay the most attention to. The shape and material biases speed up the word-learning process and make learning more efficient. Knowing the names for things helps children interact with the world in more meaningful ways. Furthermore, learning specific object names tunes attention to just the right property, and this attentional learning enables the rate of noun acquisition to take off (Smith et al., 2002). Once children have shape and material biases, their noun vocabulary explodes. This study will be significant because it will determine if known vocabulary will predict what biases a Count/Mass Nouns & Shape/Material Biases 6 child exhibits. Therefore, the opposite relationship exists, too: if we know what kinds of words to teach children to create biases, we can rapidly improve early productive vocabulary. B. Count/Mass Nouns The relationship between the shape bias for solids and material bias for non-solids parallels the relationship in English between two categories of nouns: count nouns and mass nouns. Count nouns are words such as "cat" and "clock" that can be pluralized ("cats," "clocks") and can be preceded by definite and indefinite articles ("the cat," "a clock"). One can also use expressions such as "many" and "a few" with count nouns ("a few books"). Count nouns typically denote individuals, and we base judgments of "more" by number for count nouns (i.e. "many cats"). Both solid objects and count nouns denote individuals and tend to be categorized by shape. Mass nouns, on the other hand, are words, such as "ice" and "sugar," that cannot be pluralized ("ices" is not grammatical). Mass nouns can be preceded by expressions such as "much," "more," or no article (e.g. "more ice," "sugar is sweet"), but cannot be preceded by expressions such as "these" and "every" (e.g. "these weather" is not grammatical). Mass nouns tend to denote an unindividuated construal; we base judgments of "more" by volume for mass nouns (i.e. "much water"). Both non-solid substances and mass nouns tend to be categorized by material. Not every language makes this distinction, but it exists in English. C. MCDI In this study, we will be determining the children's productive vocabulary using a vocabulary checklist called the MacArthur Communicative-Development Inventories (MCDI). The MCDI is a parent-report checklist consisting of 680 of the most common words, including 312 nouns, known by toddlers ages 17-30 months. Parents check off the words that their child Count/Mass Nouns & Shape/Material Biases 7 can produce; an average 30-mon


Satellite cells are myogenic stem cells responsible for muscle regeneration throughout the lifespan. Given their capacity to expand, differentiate, and provide a new source of nuclei to growing myofibres, their role in muscle adaptation to exercise was inferred. Early work supported this hypothesis, as satellite cell ablation by irradiation prevented muscle hypertrophy in rodent models (Rosenblatt et al. 1994), and satellite cell content and expansion were positively correlated with muscle hypertrophy in human resistance training (Petrella et al. 2008). Recently, this mechanism of skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise has been called into question. Using a model of inducible satellite cell depletion, it has been shown that satellite cells are not necessary for muscle hypertrophy in fully mature mice (Murach et al. 2017b). As such, the precise role of satellite cells in muscle adaptation to exercise is an open topic, currently under debate. In this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Murach and colleagues (2017a) provide novel insights into the role of satellite cells in running-induced adaptations in the diaphragm, a relatively understudied muscle in the context of exercise/physical activity and satellite cell biology. Using the Pax7 inducible satellite cell depletion model, the authors questioned the necessity of Pax7+ satellite cells for diaphragm adaptations following long-term exposure to a running wheel. Based on previous studies, which have shown that satellite cell turnover is higher in the diaphragm compared to hindlimb muscle (Keefe et al. 2015), the authors hypothesized that satellite cell depletion would impair running-induced adaptations. Although satellite cell depletion decreased physical activity levels and resulted in a modest but significant decrease in myonuclear density in aged mice, satellite cell depletion had no impact on fibre-type or functional adaptations following wheel-exposure in adult or aged mice. Interestingly, the authors observed an increased content of Pax3 mRNA+ (Pax3+) cells in satellite cell-depleted mice. This finding led them to speculate that increased Pax3+ cell content could compensate for the depletion of satellite cells, thus providing an alternative cell source for provision of new myonuclei. The study is well done and the conclusions are in line with the results; however, some caveats are important to consider. First, the authors chose the voluntary wheel running model of activity in the present study. This model has a number of advantages such as free access to a running wheel, which permits unlimited amounts of activity that is not associated with the psychological stress of forced treadmill exercise. Despite these benefits, this model does not allow for a controlled, progressive application of exercise stress. This is important in the context of the present study as satellite cell-depleted mice were less active than control mice and one could speculate that equal activity levels would induce a more robust phenotype. Second, the limited literature evaluating the adaptations in the diaphragm to running have primarily shown improvements in oxidative and antioxidant potential, two phenotypes not traditionally associated with satellite cells. In the present study, the authors did not observe an expansion in outcomes traditionally linked to satellite cells such as increased satellite cell content, myonuclear number, or fibre hypertrophy in control mice. These findings further question the role and relevance of satellite cells in running-induced adaptations in the diaphragm under steady state conditions. Perhaps the additional stimulus induced on the diaphragm by voluntary wheel running is not sufficiently greater than the continuous contractile activity of the diaphragm at steady state to induce significant alterations in these outcomes. However, following acute atrophy, such as in conditions of prolonged mechanical ventilation, satellite cells may be more relevant in restoring healthy diaphragm architecture. More studies will be needed to address these issues. Overall, this work creates an interesting conundrum. If satellite cell contribution to diaphragm is high in physiological conditions (Keefe et al. 2015), why does satellite cell depletion fail to have any deleterious functional or morphological consequences with age or increased physical activity? Although respiratory muscle failure can be a cause of death secondary to an underlying pathology, respiratory muscle failure is not a primary pathology commonly observed in healthy older adults. Thus, perhaps sufficient reserve capacity has accumulated in the diaphragm due to its continuous low-level contractile activity. This could also serve to explain the lack of fibrotic tissue accumulation in satellite cell-depleted mice. The authors propose compensation by other cell types, specifically Pax3+ cells, to maintain diaphragm function with depleted satellite cells. Although the authors were not able to determine the extent to which new nuclei were added to the diaphragm in their study, compensation by other cells to maintain diaphragm health is plausible given the prolonged duration of satellite cell depletion. Pax3+ cells are an interesting candidate cell given their capacity for myogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Although the maintenance of myonuclear density was not complete, the Pax3+ cell accumulation may explain why the decline in myonuclear density was not more dramatic. These observations suggest that future studies should examine the role of Pax3+ cells in normal diaphragm physiology, and the extent to which myonuclear addition is necessary for diaphragm maintenance. In sum, Murach and colleagues provide important information on the necessity of satellite cells in activity-induced adaptations in the diaphragm, an often neglected skeletal muscle in the exercise/physical activity literature. Their findings open novel research directions that could have important implications for basic muscle biology, and muscle health.


Among the factors  influencing  students' educational  performance  of  English  language course, critical thinking is thought to be of crucial  importance. Thus, the  present study set out to explore the relationship between critical thinking, its  subscales and  English language achievement. Also, the predictability of English language proficiency based on critical thinking was investigated. The statistical  population  included all eleventh grade female students in district one of Zanjan city in the academic year of 2018-2019 with1400 people. The statistical sample was300 people based on Cochran's  formula. A multi-stage  random  sampling  method was used to select the participants. The  design of  the study  was ex-post facto  design. The California  Critical Thinking Skills Test, Form B was  used  to assess students' critical thinking ability. The  participants' scores of English language  course  at the end of the  first  semester were considered as  a criterion for their English language proficiency. The results of the correlation analyses revealed that critical thinking and its subscales  correlated  significantly with academic achievement (p=0.0). Also, based on regression tests, it  was  revealed that  English language proficiency is predictable based on critical thinking. The  findings of  this study  would be  beneficial for  students, teachers, schools  and  educational officials.


In-tank sludge processing will reduce the scope and cost of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). A full-scale demonstration of this process has recently been completed. This test established that aluminum dissolution and sludge washing can be accomplished in a high level waste tank. The Savannah River Laboratory had the responsibility of characterizing (physically and chemically) samples from the demonstration. This memo presents physical properties, aluminum concentration, and supernate inhibitor levels.


This edited collection provides the first comprehensive study of the rise of food charity across Europe. Bringing together leading researchers across the continent, this collection explores the driving forces behind this phenomenon and its implications into the future, from a social policy perspective.
The book incorporates cases studies from Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom. Each empirical case study chapter explores: the histories of food charity in the national context; key changes in social policy and their relationship to food charity; and the implications for social justice.
The result is the first book to offer a systematic comparative study of the rise of food charity across Europe. It provides urgently needed evidence on these trends which will be of use to academics, policy makers and practitioners who are grappling with the practical implications of these phenomena.


Facial expression analysis is an important tool for human-computer interaction. In this paper, we introduce LibreFace, an open-source toolkit for facial expression analysis. This open-source toolbox offers real-time and offline analysis of facial behavior through deep learning models, including facial action unit (AU) detection, AU intensity estimation, and facial expression recognition. To accomplish this, we employ several techniques, including the utilization of a large-scale pre-trained network, feature-wise knowledge distillation, and task-specific fine-tuning. These approaches are designed to effectively and accurately analyze facial expressions by leveraging visual information, thereby facilitating the implementation of real-time interactive applications. In terms of Action Unit (AU) intensity estimation, we achieve a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) of 0.63 on DISFA, which is 7% higher than the performance of OpenFace 2.0 while maintaining highly-efficient inference that runs two times faster than OpenFace 2.0. Despite being compact, our model also demonstrates competitive performance to state-of-the-art facial expression analysis methods on AffecNet, FFHQ, and RAF-DB. Our code will be released at https://github.com/ihp-lab/LibreFace


Having standard protocols on crisis management in your clinic will reassure patients that you care and empathise with them should an adverse reaction occur. In this article, practice manager Barbara Deakin highlights the importance of training, efficient communication and speed in crisis management. She also outlines the benefits of seeking an outsider's perspective when internal politics influence productivity


The study focus to compare the indoor thermal performance level between a new mosque and old mosques. Specific objectives are to identify the criteria that support sustainable practice, to analyse the indoor thermal performance using thermal monitoring tests and to propose strategic approaches for mosque design to achieve good indoor thermal performance towards sustainable practice. The data was carried out by experimental and observation. This data have been analyzed by Origin 6.0. Results show that the significant different between old and new mosque in indoor thermal performance. The main finding is influenced by the practice of passive design includes the building orientation and location, opening and building envelopes. Buildings should be correctly oriented to minimize solar gain and maximize natural ventilation. Keywords: Mosque; passive design; sustainable practice; thermal performance. © 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.


Abstract Androgens are important for reproductive and metabolic physiology of males and females. Androgens can act upon androgen receptors (AR), which are expressed in many tissues. In the brain, AR is abundant in hypothalamic nuclei involved in the regulation of reproduction and metabolism. While previous studies have examined the contribution of estrogens or estrogen receptors, the role of androgens acting on AR on the central regulation of reproduction and metabolism is less well understood. We have developed an in situ hybridization probe to target AR mRNA in mice. Our preliminary studies have shown that AR is abundant in hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate and ventral premammillary nucleus, and is expressed in key neuronal populations associated with the neuroendocrine reproductive axis and the metabolic control of reproduction. One of these neuronal populations expresses the leptin receptor (LepR). The adipocyte secreted hormone leptin signals energy stores to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Both humans and mice with lack of leptin or LepR are obese, remain in a pre-pubertal state, and are infertile. LepR are highly enriched in the hypothalamus, including areas associated with regulation of reproduction and metabolism. Our hypotheses are that AR expression in LepR cells is necessary for reproduction and metabolism, and that androgens acting on AR in LepR cells mediate the pathophysiology of PCOS. To test our hypothesis, we have generated a genetic mouse model to delete AR from LepR expressing cells (LepRARKO). Our findings show that pubertal timing, estrous cycles, fertility, body weight, and glucose homoestasis do not change in female LepRARKO mice. Male LepRARKO mice show no difference in pubertal timing, fertility, body weight or glucose homeostasis, yet show an increase in spontaneous ambulatory activity during the light phase. Since androgens provide negative feedback to the HPG axis, we investigated whether loss of AR from LepR neurons resulted in changes in gonadotropin levels with gonadectomy. Male LepRARKO mice that were orchidectomized (ORX) show an exaggerated increase in serum LH compared to ORX control males, while FSH and testosterone levels were not significantly different. Completion of our studies will further expand our knowledge of the role that androgens acting on AR play in reproductive and metabolic physiology of males and females.


RAND working papers are intended to share researchers' latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND Health but have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. is a registered trademark. obtained from all respondents. We are thankful to the respondents for their hospitality and time to participate in this research. We gratefully acknowledge support and guidance from Aneesa Abstract Although crosscountry and cross-jurisdiction variation in the quality of services is a well-established fact, very little is known about whether and how individuals decide to complain about poor quality of services. This study contributes to this research area by identifying the mechanisms that affect individual decisions to complain about the quality of services in Tajikistan. The analysis is based on qualitative and quantitative data and seeks to understand why individuals are often unwilling to complain about poor quality of healthcare services. We show that the decision to complain is correlated with individual social capital and socioeconomic status. These results suggest that the correlates of whistleblowing are similar to other forms of political participation. Thus the design of bottom-up approaches to monitoring healthcare providers in developing countries should take into the account the sociocultural context in which they are implemented.


Angiogenesis is a hall mark of breast tumor growth, progression and metastasis, and requires a critical balance between pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors. Our laboratory has been studying the key issue(s) of protein N‐glycosylation to regulate angiogenesis and the capillary invasion. We have observed that (i) eFactor VIIIC (a Mr 270 kDa asparagine‐linked glycoprotein) expression precedes capillary endothelial cell proliferation; and (ii) the presence of anti‐Factor VIIIC monoclonal antibody makes cells less invasive. The role of eFactor VIIIC N‐glycans on tissue invasion was then tested in cells treated with tunicamycin. Considerable inhibition of Matrigel™ invasion raised a question of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and analyzed after treating cells with tunicamycin (1μg/ml). The expression of MMP‐9, MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 was quantified by western blotting. MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 were down‐regulated but TIMP‐2 was upregulated. This was supported by QRT‐PCR and gelatin zymography. To verify the effect in vivo we have used Matrigel™ implants in nude mice and observed reduced number of blood vessels following tunicamycin treatment. Quantitative assessment of paraffin sections of the plugs histologically or immunohistochemically for CD34 and CD144 confirmed reduced microvessel density as well. Cell migration was also inhibited. We conclude that tunicamycin targets tissue invasion and cell migration, and eliminate breast tumor growth. Supported by NIH U54‐CA096297 and Komen for the Cure BCTR06582 (DKB), and NIH/NCRR/RCMI G12‐RR03035 (KB).


The observation of squeezed phonons by x-ray diffraction allows researchers to study the interactions between ultrafast lasers and matter in a whole new light.


Background: AD is the most common cause of dementia in elderly which causes economic burden for the affected individual, caregivers and society. The objective of this study was to see demographic characteristics among AD patients and it will provide magnitude of the problem and planning of health programme for prevention of disease.
Methods: This observational analytical study was carried out in the Neurology ward, OPD and Dementia clinic of BSMMU, Dhaka from May' 15 to February' 17. A total of 45 patients were recruited as study population after satisfying all the criteria for enrollment.
Results: A total of 27 male and 18 female with mean age of 69.20 ± 11.16 years, constituted as cases.
Conclusion: The occurrence of AD found more after the age of 65 years. The present study found that lower educational level is associated with more chance of getting AD. Higher rate of Alzheimer's disease was found in older man than women.
Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2019; Vol. 35 (1): 10-13


Heteroatom-doped lamellar-structured carbon with a high surface area synthesized from alfalfa leaves is utilized as a cathode catalyst in this study to improve the power output of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Different chemical activation agents are used to treat alfalfa leaf-derived carbon (ALC). It is found that chemical activation agents substantially affect the catalytic activities of the alfalfa leaf-derived carbon materials in the power output of MFCs and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). ALC materials activated by KOH (ALC-K) exhibit the best electrochemical activity compared with those of materials activated by FeCl3 (ALC-Fe) or ZnCl2 (ALC-Zn). A high limiting current density and excellent long-term stability can be seen with ALC-K as the cathode catalyst, which gives superior results to those of Pt/C. Moreover, a maximum power density of approximately 1328.9 mW/m2 is obtained from an MFC equipped with an ALC-K cathode, offering performance characteristics comparable to those of a Pt/C cathode ...


The article presents a discription of ways of expressing reported speech in Russian and English, its features, similarities and differences and presentation of this material with the help of computer methods and tools, used in modern didactic process. The study describes educational platforms Stepik and Google Classroom, their common characteristics, features of use and creating online courses. The relevance of this work is related to the necessity for practical application of information technologies, used in creation of electronic educational resources, to the necessity for integrating special tools into the learning process to solve linguistic problems. Due to the constant interest to the questions of comparative analysis of Russian and English grammar, the article presents linguistic material on the basis of which identical courses on platforms Stepik and Google Classroom were created. The result of the Web-systems using aimed at development of online courses is the comparison. In the course of the work, it was revealed that the differences between platforms Stepik and Google Classroom are in using different methods of courses creation and orientation on different target audiences. The article concludes that learning such features of reported speech as connecting parts of a complex sentence using different parts of speech or the sequence of tenses is being simplified by application of information technologies in didactic process.


Maintaining the current best practices with communities, ISPs and
enterprises that are assigned a 4-octet AS number may want the BGP
UPDATE messages they receive from their customers or peers to include
a 4-octet AS specific BGP extended community. This document defines a
new sub-type within the four-octet AS specific extended community to
facilitate this practice.


As you journey through the rain forest, lavish tropical plants and vibrant colors transport you to a fantastical new world. Toucans and macaws perch in the canopy above, while monkeys, parrots and other wildlife chatter in the trees. Colorful butterflies fill the air, and beetles and tree frogs line the branches. Up ahead a jaguar lurks, reminding you of the new and exciting encounters that await at every turn. Walking Hallie Gilbert


The use of dance therapy practices by a group of young people under 30 years of age has shown its beneficial effect in terms of their physical and psychosocial condition. Demonstrates the socializing effect of dance therapy, its benefits for the body and mind, incl. reducing stress levels, combating lethargy and apathy, strengthening self-esteem and self-confidence, toning muscles, and improving cardiovascular sustainability.


We derive upper bounds on the capacity of an additive Gaussian noise channel with continuous phase modulation (CPM). We propose an MMSE approximation to Laurent's (1986) linear decomposition using an arbitrary number of filtered, linearly modulated pulses. Using this linear modulation structure, we derive capacity bounds for both white and colored noise channels with CPM modulation by showing the system is equivalent to a multiple access channel (MAC) with intersymbol interference (ISI). The rate sum capacity of this cooperative MAC is used for the upper bound. Numerical results are presented for a channel using CPM with both white and colored noise. The bounds show a significant gap between a channel using CPM and a channel with unconstrained modulation.


This paper presents an evaluation on the technological sources of labor productivity growth across European countries and the US economy for the period 1980-2004. Assets of capital are divided into those related to the information and communication technologies (ICT), and non-ICT assets. Technological progress is divided into neutral change and investment specific change. Previous exercises have aimed at ICT as a serious contributor to the upsurge of US productivity from 1995 on. Contribution to productivity growth from each type of technological progress for the US and EU-15 countries is computed using two different approaches: a growth accounting and a general equilibrium. The US and Denmark are the countries with the larger contribution from ICT-technological progress. Overall, we find that Europe is well behind the US in terms of the effects of ICT technological change.


Transfonned root cultures of Astragalus mongholicus Bge. have been established by infecting of sterile grown plants with AgrobacterilDfl rhizogenes strains LBA 9402 and ATCC 15834. A promoting effect of acetyl syringone on the Agrobacteriwn-mediated hairy root (HR) initiation was obselVed. The transfonned root clones were assayed for opines by electrophoresis and 1LC. All of them were positive for agropine/mannopine. It was shown, that Astragalus-hairy roots (HR) of the transfonned cultures produce the same kind of saponins in considerable amounts as those of intact plants. The triterpene saponins have been isolated from the methanol extract of the HR and identified as cycloartane derived saponins. On the basis of analytical data obtained by mass spectrometry (NI-F AB-MS, EI-MS), and homo- and heteronuclear NMR experiments (DEPT, DQF-COSY, HOHAHA, ROESY, HMQC, HMBC), the structures of three triterpenoid glycosides were determined as astragaloside I, IT, ill [1,2]. A complete assignment of the IH_ and 13C-NMR data is given.


This paper was published as Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 2009, 39 (12), p. 1937: British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology Annual Conference 2009 Abstracts, S2. It is available from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122683542/issue. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03389.x


An induction motor model based on the per-phase equivalent circuit is used to simulate operation with an open circuit fault. The model considers both spatial field harmonics as well as saturation effects to correctly model the motor's behaviour under faulty conditions, where the non-linearities may produce problematic torque pulsations due to the unbalanced nature of the winding distribution. A model is presented which takes into account the most prominent nonlinearities, however keeping simulation times low in order to enable the development of fault tolerant control strategies. In addition, this paper presents a study of the behaviour of an induction motor drive with a phase open circuit fault. A new fault remedial control strategy for this type of fault will also be described. Experimental tests on an instrumented vector controlled rig have been used to verify simulation results.


ABSTRACT How does uncertainty and anticipatory anxiety impact technology use? Earlier research has consistently suggested that uncertainty and anticipatory anxiety adversely impels one's logical judgments, decisions, and behaviors. In this paper, we examine the under-examined combined influence of uncertainty and anticipatory anxiety on technology use. This paper aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the role uncertainty and anticipatory anxiety play in explaining technology use. Analyses of data from 449 technology users revealed that a person's uncertainty and anticipatory anxiety due to unforeseen/unpredicted circumstances and outcomes could lend to a better understanding of a user's behavioral intention and use. We discuss the implications of our research and also point to future research directions.


This guide is a compilation of many of the educational audiovisual materials made available without charge on a loan-basis through various companies. The Guide is intended to offer you direct access to learning aids on a broad range of medically relevant topics.


Enhancing the light-extraction efficiency is the key issue for realizing highly efficient AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). We introduced several features to improve the light extraction: a transparent AlGaN:Mg contact layer, a Rh mirror electrode, an AlN template on a patterned sapphire substrate, and encapsulation resin. The combination of the AlGaN:Mg contact layer and the Rh mirror electrode significantly improved the output power and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of UV-LEDs. By introducing the aforementioned features, a maximum EQE of >20% at an emission wavelength of 275 nm and a 20-mA direct current was achieved.


We describe the case of a 6-year-old boy who presented post-renal anuria and renal failure five days after appendectomy and drainage of a periappendicular abscess. Only mild dilatation of the urinary tract was observed on ultrasound and small calculi were documented at the ureterovesical junction bilaterally. Diuresis was restored by the insertion of uretercatheters. Awareness of this complication and immediate treatment can avoid permanent impairment of renal function.


(57) Abstract: The present invention teaches a modified organosilicone and use thereof, preferred applications among which is the use as pesticide adjuvants. The modified organosilicone has suspended, a siloxane backbone with a terminal or intermediate amines and polyether groups. The modified groups or siloxane may be further functionalized with alkyl or alkylene oxide group.


The homopolar inductor machine (HIM) is of particular interest in the field of flywheel energy storage system, where it has the potential to significantly reduce self-discharge associated with magnetic losses. However, the conventional HIM suffers from low power and torque density due to its unipolar air-gap flux density. Besides, the air-gap flux density of HIM is limited by the cross section of rotor, and the rotor diameter is limited by the maximum tip speed of the rotor. Thus, the maximum effective length and diameter of rotor should be within a certain range, which constrains the output power and stored energy of the HIM. To solve these problems, a novel multi-unit out-rotor HIM (MO-HIM) with bipolar air-gap flux density is proposed in this paper. First, the structure and operating principle of MO-HIM is illustrated. Then, the characteristics of the proposed machine are analyzed, indicating that MO-HIM can be regarded as a superposition of multiple unit machines. Finally, to verify the superior performances of the proposed MO-HIM, it is compared with a unipolar out-rotor HIM with multi-segment stator cores in terms of air-gap flux density, back electromotive force, and output torque. Results show that the proposed MO-HIM has larger fundamental air-gap flux density, higher power, and torque density.


Introduction: Stroke, a leading cause of disability requires formal and informal rehabilitation so that stroke survivors can regain as much of their physical and mental abilities and return to living an active and independent life. Tai Chi is a well-established beneficial form of exercise that if practiced regularly can promote health and prevent chronic disease. Investigating the benefits of Tai Chi from stroke survivors' perspectives is important for healthcare providers to understand. Purpose/Objective: Using the Story-Recovery Model, stories from community-dwelling stroke survivors were examined to identify their feelings about participating in a Tai Chi exercise intervention and to examine their perceptions about how their participation influenced their poststroke recovery. Design: Descriptive qualitative study, using inductive content analysis Methods: Stories from 17 community-dwelling stroke survivors, who were on average 71 years old (range 54 to 87 years old); mainly men (65%, n=11) were examined. Stories were on average 132 words long (range=17 to 364 words). A priori theoretical codes (and sub-codes) were: 1.) Feelings (confidence, enjoy, hopeful, helpful, other), and 2.) Perceptions of Impact (physical abilities, mental/cognitive abilities, challenges, other). Results: The most common feelings these stroke survivors had about participating in a Tai Chi exercise intervention were helpful (n=15) and enjoyable (n=7). Some stories related improved confidence (n=4) and only one story mentioned hope. When examining their perceptions of how Tai Chi influenced their post-stroke recovery, improvements in physical abilities were: balance (n=10), walking (n= 4) and fewer falls (n=3) were reported; while improvements in mental and


Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) act as a strategic force and have an important position, both in employment, community welfare, adhesiveness and stabilizing the problem of social inequality. The results of the preliminary field survey, showed that in Gunung Anyar Urban Village, Surabaya ponds, they have a pond cultivation business, especially milkfish cultivation and other fish. Fish farming results in addition to being sold in the form of raw fish are also processed in various kinds of processed fish, for example fish crackers, fish thorns, bandeng gapit and shredded fish. Various businesses, especially the business of removing thorns, cause problems, namely the increasing waste of milkfish thorns, especially from milkfish as well as thorns. Based on these problems, this paper aims to utilize the milk thorn waste into economic value so that it can increase people's income. The method used is the classical method and community development or community development in the Gunung Anyar Tambak village, Surabaya. Results of the East Java Thematic Community Service Program "veteran" namely growing awareness of the importance of utilizing fish thorn waste into selling products. One of the products from Thematic KKN is sticky crackers which are packaged in plastic with the Babone Stik brand. The value of the fish spines is because they contain high calcium so they are good for maintaining bone health.


We have identified and characterized a pair of luxI/R homologues termed smaI/R from Serratia marcescens SS-1. From cell-free culture supernatants, two N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules, N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone (C6HSL) and N-(3-oxooctanoyl) homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), were chemically characterized. Unlike the swrI/R system of S. liquefaciens, the presence of multicopy, plasmid-encoded smaR inhibits the spreading of S. marcescens SS-1. Further study showed that production of biosurfactants and expression of one of the virulence factors, nuclease gene nucA, were also repressed. These repressed phenotypes were specifically de-repressed by AHL signals produced by smaI. Different modifications of the AHL signals had either without or inhibitory effect on S. marcescens SS-1 spreading. Long chain AHLs show a trend of competition with the native AHL signals synthesized by SmaI. Mutation of S. marcescens chromosomal smaR shortens the time before spreading motility is initiated for 1 hour. On the contrary, mutation of smaI significantly delays initiation of spreading. Plasmid-encoded PsmaI::luxAB and PsmaR::luxAB reporter of smaI and smaR transcription, respectively, are constructed. Using this reporter system, the expression patterns of smaI and smaR following the growth in liquid broth culture were monitored. Further studies showed the evidence of smaR positive autoregulation, and that AHL signals were constitutively produced in the log phase and its production was turned off as the cells entered into stationary phase. Our findings indicate that smaI/R quorum-sensing system is a component of the complex regulatory network that controls multicellular behaviour of of S. marcescens. Introduction Serratia marcescens is a dimorphic enteric bacterium capable of undergoing dramatic morphological and physiological changes following the swarming cycles on 0.8% LB swarming plates (Harshey, 1994; Liu et al., 2000). These changes, referred to as swarmer cell differentiation (from short, vegetative cells with few peritrichous flagella to elongated, multi-nucleoid swarmer cells covered with over-produced flagella), are required to produce the motile behavior which is characterized by flagella-assisted population movement over a surface and known as swarming (population surface migration) (Matsuyama and Matsushida; 1993; Allison and Hughes 1992). While flagellated S. marcescens cells display both swimming and swarming motility (Alberti and Harahey 1990), nonflagellated (Fla-) bacteria can neither swim or swarm. However, they display another mode of surface translocation, in which the bacterial population spreads without assistance of flagella (O'Rear et al., 1992; Matsuyama et al., 1992; 1995). Sliding is one of six forms (including swimming, swarming, gliding, twitching, darting and sliding) of bacterial translocation described by Henrichsen et al., (1972). It is a way of bacterial populational migration occurring on the surface of low-agar media without the assistance of flagella. The phenomenon that Bacillus anthracis slides and covers the agar surface rapidly is described as early as 1n 1910 by Graham-Smith (1910). Formation of colonies with a medusa-head appearance by Kurthia zopfii after sliding provides another example of sliding (Gardner 1969). Currently, the underlying mechanism of sliding is poorly understood, but it was reported that the biosurfactants play important roles in this process (Martinez et al., 1999), as was also observed in other non-flagellated bacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium (Martinez et al., 1999). Intercellular communication for regulation of bacterial multicellular behaviour has been appreciated for several years in Vibrio fischeri, Myxococcus xanthus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces spp., the eukaryotic slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, and other species (Fuqua et al., 1994). How the intercellular communication is achieved among these bacteria is being continuously studied and auto-induction systems of luxI/R family were presented to be one of the controlling circuits. Effect of a swrI/R quorum-sensing system on the swarming behaviour in S. liquefaciens has been studied. In that system, it was reported that the Ahl signals (mainly C4 AHLs) synthesized by SwrI plays an important role in stimulating serrawettin production which is synthesized by SwrA, and the subsequent S. liquefaciens swarming. As S. liquefaciens is mainly a plant pathogen (isolated from cucumber), and there was actually no characterization of SwrR, it would be worthwhile to initiate a project on understanding the roles that quorum-sensing system might play in the population surface translocation and expression of virulence factors in S. marcescens. While we are finishing the study, a novel S. marcescens QS system was reported by Thomson et al., (2000). In that system, the smaI and smaR are homologues of S. liquefaciens swrI and swrR, respectively. Production of carbapenem antibiotic and prodigiosin pigment in S. marcescens ATCC39006 is controlled by this quorum-sensing system. Using the E. coli JM109/pSB401 bioluminescence reporter system, we have cloned and sequenced a luxI/R homologue named smaI/R from S. marcescens SS-1. The role that smaI/R played in the process of cell differentiation, population spreading, and regulation of secondary metabolite production (such as biosurfactants and one of the virulence factors, nuclease) was characterized. Our data showed that smaI/R are different from both swrI/R (S. liquefaciens) and smaI/R (S. marcescens ATCC39006) quorum-sensing systems genetically and functionally. Results S. marcescens SS-1 shows a sliding behaviour S. marcescens SS-1 spreads well on LB solidified with 0.3% agar, with an average speed of about 5cm per hour, but does not swarm on 0.8% LB agar. This strain did not show motility in 0.1-0.3% LB motility agar, and flagella silver stain did not show evidence of flagella production in this strain. Except the spreading motility, other phenotypes were not changed, including growth rate, prodigiosin and biosurfactant synthesis, production of virulence factors such as haemolysin, protease, nuclease, and phosphilipase, and cell elongation LB broth or seeding plate cultures (data not shown). Microscopic observation of S. marcescens SS-1 spreading did not reveal forward and reverse movement, such as those seen in the swarm cells; instead, the bacteria appear to push outwards continuously as a single layer. Their cell axes are often perpendicular to the direction of cell movement. The spreading behaviuor is optimal at 30 C, and inhibited at 37 C, which is consistent with production of a transparent serrawettin (biosurfactants) zone. Based on the phenomena observed, the spreading behaviour of S. marcescens SS-1 was defined as "sliding". Cloning, sequencing and character ization of a luxI/R homologue from S. marcescens To clone the possible luxI/R homologues from S. marcescens SS-1, Escherichia coli JM109/pSB401 was used. A recombinant plasmid pSS100 (pT7T3/7.5Kb BamHI fragment), which gave a highlighted E. coli JM109/pSB401 colony, was screened. pSS100 was restriction mapped and functionally assayed to define the shortest DNA fragment complementing the light emission of E. coli JM109/pSB401. The 1kb SphI/BamHI DNA fragment that gave strong light signal was first subcloned and sequenced. A putative LuxI homologue with high amino acid sequence identity to EsaI of Erwinia stewartii was identified and named SmaI. Downstream of smaI, a complete open reading frame (ORF) with high amino acid sequence identity to esaR of Erwinia stewartii was found and was named smaR hereafter. and with the transcriptional direction going towards smaI. SmaR amino acid sequence overlaps with SmaI at the C-terminal region for 40 amino acids, and both genes are transcribed convergently. A lux box homologue was found in the –35 promoter region of smaR, suggesting that expression of smaR might be auto-regulated. No lux box homologue was observed upstream of smaI, which suggested that smaI might not be regulated by SmaR. As only about 70 bp upstream of smaI ATG translation initiation codon was contained in plasmid pSS100, which might mean that the complete promoter region of smaI was not obtained, an extra 2kb upstream of smaI ATG was cloned by chromosomal walking using complete smaI as the probe. Further sequencing analysis showed that a DNA region containing a complete ORF (named smaT) with no significant nucleotide or amino acid sequence homology to any genes available from the GenBank was found at the 97bp upstream region of smaI ATG codon. Transcriptional direction of smaT was predicted to be the same as that of smaI. Upstream of smaT, a complete ORF with high amino acid sequence homology to the resolvase of transposon Tn2501 (Michiels et al., 1987) was found. The predicted ORF polypeptide of SmaI and SmaR were compared to the SWISSPROT Database by FASTA (GCG, Version 8) . SmaI shared 65% identity throughout the alignment with the 134-residue EsaI of E. stewartii, and 60% identity with the 132-residue, as well as 64% identity with the 144-residue. SmaR had 67% identify with the EsaR of E. stewartii, and 40% identity with the 55-residue, as well as 56% identity with the 139-residue. SmaI/R of S. marcescens ATCC39006 showed high identity to S. marcescens SS-1 SmaI/R, respectively. The swrI of S. liquefaciens showed only 39% identity (59% homology) to SS-1 smaI/R after the comparison. As there is no smaR nucleotide and SmaR amino acid sequences available from the GenBank, we could not make comparisons between these two proteins. The phylogenic relationship within the LuxI/R family was shown in Fig. 3. Our data suggested that that smaI/R might be a novel genetic determinant involved in the regulation of S. marcescens populational sliding behviour. Using the smaI/R DNA sequence as the probe, we could not identify, by Southern blot hybridization and PCR (data not


ECR CE USE ONLY
CORPS OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY
MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION
ENGINEERING TESTS OF AGGREGATE DRYER
BARBER-GREENE COMPANY MODEL 837, SINGLE DRUM
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NO. 3-285
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION
VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI
JUNE 1949
£0R CE USE ONLX
CORPS OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY
MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION
ENGINEERING TESTS OF AGGREGATE DRYER
BARBER-GREENE COMPANY MODEL 837, SINGLE DRUM
ecaa ipgg
I
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NO. 3-285
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION
VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI
MRC WES !25
JUNE 1949
CONTENTS
Page
PART I: INTRODUCTION 1
Objectives and Scope . . • • . 1
PART II: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DRYER 3
Mobility • 3
Physical Features 7
Operational Features 10
Time Requirements for Heating and Cooling Dryer 18
Capacity of Elevators 21
PART III: DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DRYER 23
Aggregates Tested 23
Test Runs 2k
Discussion 27
PART IV: CONCLUSIONS 32
TABLES 1 and 2
PHOTOGRAPHS 1-9
PIATES 1-7
APPENDIX A: AUTHORIZA


The directed assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) films on a variety of photolytically nanopatterned siloxane-modified surfaces was investigated. The amount of siloxane removal is related to the exposure dose of a 157 nm laser. The modified surfaces were imaged using a 157 nm interference exposure system to lithographically define areas of different surface energies to direct the assembly of the diblock copolymer films. The analysis of the surface energy aerial image provided insights into the exposure doses required to result in defect-free films. While the slope of the surface energy aerial image was not found to be important by itself, in concert with the difference in high and low surface energy regions, as well as the maximum value of the low surface energy region, it provided insight into conditions needed to direct self-assembly of the block copolymer films. Preliminary investigations concerning the extension of this methodology to 193 nm showed that the polar surface energy of a...


Abstract : In the post Gulf War era, significant effort has been expended in the area of Non-Cooperative Target Identification (NCTI). The techniques proposed for use with radar systems all have a common feature: the need to use target aspect angle with respect to (w.r.t.) the direction of arrival of the radar signal to reduce the problem to a manageable size. This paper will present a rigorous development of the mathematics for solving this problem exactly given target position and attitude data; and then, develop the mathematics for solving this problem when only the radar's positional measurement of the target is available. Finally, data will be presented to show the practical accuracy limits of aspect angle calculations using radar data.


For all of these reasons, nephrologists are seeking to gain more control and better care for their patients. Thus began the subspecialty of interventional nephrology. In a period of less than five years, the field of interventional nephrology has shown tremendous growth. A recent analysis of the Medicare database revealed that the total number of hemodialysis-related vascular access procedures increased by 58% from 1997 to 2002 (6). Surgical procedures increased by 24.8%, interventional radiology procedures increased by 76.7%, and procedures performed by interventional nephrologists increased by 580% during this 5-year period. The number of hemodialysis-related angioplasty procedures performed by radiologists increased by 58.4%, those performed by surgeons increased by 211%, and those performed by interventional nephrologists increased by 728%. These data illuminate the rapid growth of hemodialysis-related procedures and that this increasing workload is shared by surgeons, radiologists, and interventional nephrologists. Despite the implications of these Medicare data, there are fewer than 200 practicing interventional nephrologists in the United States, and the majority of these physicians are practicing in relative isolation in outpatient vascular access centers. For interventional radiologists, hemodialysis-related procedures represent yet another "turf battle," and so far they have been effective in excluding nephrologists from gaining access to imaging equipment and endovascular suites in the hospital environment. Analysis of the Medicare database revealed that between 1997 and 2002 the number of outpatient hemodialysis-related procedures performed by interventional nephrologists increased by 374%, whereas the number of hospital-based procedures increased by only 88.5% (7). Interventional nephrology has "grown up" within the outpatient vascular access center. The majority of interventional nephrologists received their training at corporate-owned vascular access centers or through "visiting fellowship" programs of variable quality and often with only brief periods of clinical training. In my opinion, the lack of hospital-based academic training programs represents a fundamental impediment to the continued growth of interventional nephrology. Academic training programs provide a well-organized framework for creating a broad educational curriculum for both clinical training and research. From the perspective of interventional radiologists, the majority of whom have completed accredited fellowship programs and earned subspecialty board certification, the current lack of an academic curriculum undermines the credibility of the entire field of interventional nephrology. However, there is no simple solution. It is likely that radiologists will continue to block any encroachment by interventional nephrologists into academic and private practice hospitals. Although interventional nephrology will continue to grow within outpatient vascular access centers, the subspecialty will not earn credibility and respectability until it begins to flourish in the academic environment. I would like to conclude with some personal thoughts. For the past decade my clinical work and academic research has been focused on interventional procedures related to vascular access for hemodialysis. During that time I have developed collegial relationships with a small cadre of similarly minded interventional radiologists who have not only advanced our knowledge, but continue to be truly interested in improving the quality of care delivered to this patient population. However, as described earlier in this essay, for several understandable reasons, many other interventional radiologists have either lost interest in vascular access procedures or have failed to maintain an expertise in this subspecialty area. The increasing need for treatment of dysfunctional and thrombosed native fistulas has added yet another level of complexity, which can be disheartening to a radiologist whose interest lies elsewhere. But the unfortunate reality is that the number of patients with end-stage renal disease is increasing and vascular access services will continue to be desperately needed. At this point it's not about the turf battles and it's not about one's subspecialty affiliation. It's about providing quality services in a timely fashion. My alliances are nondenominational and I'll play with any team that steps up to bat.


Population ageing is acknowledged as a global trend affecting the manufacturing workforce. The progressive age-related decline of human capabilities may lead to an increase in human-system errors (HSEs) in production environments; hence, the study conducted a scoping literature review to determine the relationship between ageing and HSEs in manufacturing contexts. The review identified only 26 relevant studies, which showed that age is associated with HSEs in complex ways. With increasing age, the number, frequency, and probability of HSEs tend to increase, but this trend may be countered by experience effects. The review results suggested that it is necessary to consider the impact of ageing on operators' performance. A theoretical framework for addressing the relationship between ageing and HSEs in manufacturing contexts was proposed. The framework highlighted the absence of studies reporting on perceptual, cognitive, and/or physical task demands, and the limited application of existing error typologies in the current literature. The results highlighted that important safety, productivity, and quality benefits accrue from paying attention to HSEs in system design and management, which should motivate further research in this area of growing importance.


Deep learning methods have recently demonstrated remarkable achievements on image semantic segmentation. However, their architectures are still limited to pixel-wise labeling, which makes it hard to exploit high-level topology. The goal of this project is to develop novel deep learning architectures for exploiting geometrical shapes of arbitrary structure. We want to depart from the standard paradigm that labels pixels but instead directly exploit and learn the geometry of the objects. In practice, we use the dataset of aerial images and aiming at extracting buildings' polygon shapes. Two recent models, PolygonRNN and FPN (Feature Pyramid Network), draw our attention. The former one can well exploit geometrical shape of a single object in an image. The latter one performs well on the multiscale object detection. Since our goal can be divided into two parts, objects detection and geometrical segmentation, the basic idea of the proposed solution would utilize these two models in two steps. Specifically, in order to address the problem, we propose a new model, R-PolygonRNN (Region-based PolygonRNN), which is the integration of FPN and PolygonRNN. The model has three different versions, the two-step version, hybrid version and hybrid version with RoIAlign. We also introduce beam search to PolygonRNN in order to find the best polygon proposal. Experiments show that our proposed model outperforms two previous works in the dataset of Chicago. The model can well localize each building within an aerial image, and for each building, it can well extract the building's geometrical shape.


Language is unique to humans. As a result, the neurobiological underpinnings of language are difficult to study in animal models. Fortunately, components of language, such as vocal learning, occur in other animals, including cetaceans, pinnipeds, elephants, bats, and several classes of birds,


The metabolism of prostaglandin E2 in a preparation of guinea pig liver was recently studied (1). One group of metabolites formed from PGEzl consisted of 1 la!, 15-dihydroxy-g-ketoprost- 5-enoic acid and llcr-hydroxy-9,15-diketoprost-5-enoic acid. These compounds have been isolated previously after incubation of PGE2 with guinea pig lung tissue (2). A second group of metabolites consisted of compounds belonging to the F series of prostaglandins. These metabolites were identified as PGFz,, 9a, 1 lar ,15-trihydroxyprost-5-enoic acid, and 9a, llor-dihy- droxy-15-ketoprost&enoic acid. A third group of metabolites consisted of 8-iso-PGEz and a compound tentatively identified as &so-PGF?,. The present paper describes results of experiments designed to elucidate the pathways by which the members of the first two groups of metabolites mentioned above are formed from PGE2. In the course of this investigation the absolute configuration of the alcohol group at C-15 of lla, 15-dihydroxy-9-ketoprost-5- enoic acid was determined.


Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) Bunge is a perennial herb distributed in the northern part of China, and its roots, namely, Hang qi, are included as a natural ingredient in dietary supplement formulations commonly used to treat different disorders such as respiratory infections, diabetes, and heart failure. The availability of a simple method for the determination of the quality of Astragalus herbal preparations could be a challenging issue for commercial purposes. In this study, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)/MS based approach was used to characterize specialized metabolite recovery of 3 commercial hydroalcoholic extracts of A. membranaceus (AMG1, AMG2, AMG3) in addition to a hydroalcoholic extract of A. membranaceus root (AST). The hypoglycemic effect, cholinesterase inhibition, and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Thirty-one compounds, of which 19 polyphenols and 12 saponins, were identified. The extracts were also quantified by using a sensitive and selective Q-Trap system for their content in flavonoids and astragalosides, selecting astragaloside I and IV as chemical markers. From our results, AMG3 preparation (Axtragyl) was the most abundant in terms of both specialized classes of metabolites, showing a fingerprint similar to that of AST. Interestingly, tested enzyme inhibition ability of flavonoids, daidzein (11) and formononetin (19), reported a higher α-glucosidase inhibition in comparison with that of acarbose used as positive control. The in silico study clarified the interactions among the molecules and the importance of having a free hydroxy group. Moreover, Axtragyl was able to exert protective effects in Caco-2 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, confirming its ability as a potential protective agent in intestinal injury.


The aim of the present study was to determine whether simple visual signs (shapes) located on the plane reveal the effect of prototypicality. The research used seven-year-old children's drawings produced from a set of simple line sign stimuli: semicircle, perpendiculars, a straight line, a diagonal, and a wavy line. The stimulus set was rotated on a form into one of four successive positions to change the location of the stimuli. The drawings composed of stimuli of specific shapes were divided into semantic categories. Analyses revealed that the prototypicality of the stimuli is related to both the shape and location of the stimuli. Additionally, the study identified two stimuli, a semicircle and perpendiculars, whose shapes show the effect of prototypicality irrespective of their stimulus location.


The results of studies of innovative changes in the Tyumen region, including the technical and technological, organizational, institutional and social innovations. The structures of targets innovative development; studied the important problem of their integration into a system of innovation management. It is shown that an innovative way of life in the region is an indispensable element of the regional innovation system, but to date he remains the most desirable model than the realized practice.


European resources related to reconciliation policies have been incrementally developed and transformed. Three main phases of this process can be distinguished in the progressive institutionalisation and evolution of this field of action at the EU level. At first, the reconciliation issue appeared on the European agenda as a spillover interpretation of 'equal treatment'. It then acquired greater autonomy, becoming an equal opportunity policy, leading to the development of various (legal, financial, cognitive and political) instruments around the objectives of improving work/family balance and the division of labour between women and men. Finally, this field has been converted into an economic employment policy field aimed at modernising welfare systems and guaranteeing budgetary sustainability through increases in fertility rates and, most importantly, female employment rates. However, this has come at the expense of the initial gender equality goals. The conclusion underlines the diverse and evolving meanings of the 'reconciliation' issue and its orientation. This diversity in meanings and orientations allows greater room for manoeuvre at the domestic level and even more diverse patterns of national usages of Europe, as is shown in the rest of this special issue.


[2] A. Zu¨rner et al., Nature 450, (2007), 705; J. Kirstein et al.; Nature Mat.6, (2007), 303; C. Jung et al., Nature Nanotechnology 6 (2011), 87.[3] T. Lebold et al., NanoLetters 9 (2009) 2877; V. Cauda et al., NanoLetters,10 (2010), 2484; A. Sauer, NanoLetters, 10 (2010), 3684; T. Lebold et al.,Advanced Functional Materials, (2011) accepted.30-SubgAdvances in Image Correlation Spectroscopy for Measurements inHeterogeneous Cell EnvironmentsPaul W. Wiseman, Ph.D.Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.Image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) methods provide a spatial regime basedapproach for measurements of membrane associated protein-protein interac-tions and macromolecular transport properties using fluorescence microscopyimages of living cells as input. These approaches are based on space andtimecorrelation analysisoffluctuationsinfluorescenceintensitywithinimagesrecorded as a time series on a laser scanning or TIRF microscope. We recentlyintroduced spatio-temporal image correlation spectroscopy (STICS) whichmeasures vectors of protein flux in cells based on the calculation of a spatialcorrelation function as a function of time from an image time series. Herewe will describe extensions of (ICS) that are suited for measurements in theheterogeneous cell environment. We will introduce a two color extension,spatio-temporal image cross-correlation spectroscopy (STICCS) with a bivari-ate fitting method that accounts for directional confinement in the cell. We willillustrate the method with transport maps of the adhesion related macromole-cules alpha5, alpha6 and alphaL integrins with paxillin, and actin within, or as-sociated with the basal membrane in adherent cells plated on extracellularmatrix components laminin, collagen or fibronectin. Using the method we de-tect transient flow patterns as well as anisotropic diffusion that are correlatedwith adhesion fluxing activity in specific regions of the cell. Finally we willalso highlight recent advances we have made with an extension of reciprocal(k-) space ICS (kICS) that can be used to measure molecular confinement inmembrane domains from analysis of the correlation functions in both k-spaceand time.31-SubgInvitedSaturday SubgroupSpeakerFluorescentProteins:TheShowMustGo On!Gregor Jung.Biophysical Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.A half century ago, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from a pacific jellyfishwas isolated as byproduct in the purification of the chemiluminescent proteinAeqourin. While the latter was later turned into a calcium-sensitive probe,GFP was treated like a fluorescent curiosity in biophysical research for almostthree decades. Once it was recognized that fluorescence appears without theneed of cofactors, the transfection into other organisms proved the autocatalyt-ical character of chromophore formation and boosted the research in life sci-ences. The discovery of the GFP, its first, seminal application and theingenious development of a broad palette of fluorescence proteins, was conse-quently awarded with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2008.In my presentation, I will review the highlights in the history of GFP and otherfluorescent proteins from a spectroscopist's point of view. Furthermore, openquestions and new ideas how fluorescentproteins can be turned into biosensorswill be discussed.32-SubgColor Coded Optical Nano-Sectioning (COCOS) Reveals Focal AdhesionDynamicsKareem Elsayad


. This paper introduces an open-source Urban Network Analysis (UNA) toolbox for ArcGIS. The toolbox can be used to compute five types of network centrality measures on spatial networks: Reach; Gravity Index; Betweenness; Closeness; and Straightness. Though primarily developed for the analysis of urban street- and building-networks, the tools are equally suited for other spatial networks, such as railway networks, highway networks, or utility networks. Unlike previous network centrality tools that operate with two network elements (nodes and edges), the UNA tools include a third network element – buildings – that can be used as the spatial units of analysis for all measures. Two neighboring buildings on the same street segment can therefore obtain different accessibility results. The UNA tools also allow buildings to be weighted according to their particular characteristics – more voluminous, more populated, or otherwise more important buildings can be specified to have a proportionately stronger effect on the analysis outcomes, yielding more accurate and reliable results to any of the specified measures. The toolbox is built for easy scaling – it can operate on small-scale and detailed networks of dense urban areas, as well as large-scale regional networks. The toolbox requires ArcGIS 10 software with an ArcGIS Network Analyst Extension.


Buoyancy driven natural convection in enclosures has wide range of engineering applications in heat transfer processes. The study of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in enclosures has significant importance towards thermal management and optimal design of the system. Limited studies are available on the numerical simulation of 3-Dimensional enclosures with varying aspect ratios (H/L). Heat transfer characteristics has been investigated in 3D enclosure with hot and cold surface by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulating at low (0.125 ≤ AR ≤ 50) and high (51 ≤ AR ≤ 150) aspect ratios. CFD simulations have been performed with different fluids (fluid 1, fluid 2 and fluid 3) at temperature range of 20K ≤ ΔT ≤ 100K and Prandtl number range of 0.01 ≤ Pr ≤ 4200. The predicted profiles for velocities and heat transfer coefficients are presented. Correlations for Nusselt number based on predicted findings have been developed to study heat transfer characteristics.


Literature shows that nonsurvey input–output tables tend to produce regional multipliers with systematic upward biases. This paper explores the related, relatively uncharted territory of nonsurvey versus survey impact studies by means of a series of simulations. The base case is provided by a very detailed five region survey of both the forward and the backward impacts of the energy-distribution sector in the four northern provinces of the Netherlands. To deal adequately with the two-sided dependence between a firm or sector and a region, as opposed to using the traditional (gross) multipliers, we argue in favor of using a new multiplier concept: the net multiplier. Next, from examining alternative impact study methods ranging from quick and dirty, via semiextensive, to full-survey methods, we conclude that using even aggregate, first-order impact information is more important than using a very detailed survey-based input–output model.


Objective:To investigate the effects of 6 strains of lactobacilli and their main culture metabolites on the morphogenesis of Candida albicans (C. albicans) so as to screen medicinal strains as antifungal agents. Methods: Spent culture supernatant (SC'S) at different culture time points, live lactobacilli, heat-killed bacteria and bacterial short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with different molarities were incubated with C. albicans respectively. Crystal violet-based germ tube assay was used to detect the germination of C. al-bicans and the inhibitory efficiency of each addition was tested by germination rate. Results: SCS of lacto-bacillus spp. decreased the germination significantly and live bacteria of L. rhamnosus. GG, L. acidophilus 1.050103-12 as well as L. johnsonii JCM1022 could partially inhibit the conversion, however, all the heat-killed bacteria failed to control the germ tube formation. In addition, only butyric acid blocked the conversion of yeast to hypha among all the SCFA. Conclusion: The excellent fungistasis activities make L. rhamnosus. GG. L. acidophilus L050103 12 and L. johnsonii JCM1022 potential strains as antifungal drugs and the inhibition seems to have direct correlation to the metabolites.


Abstract Previous research has documented conviction bias against gay men in stereotype-consistent crimes driven by moral outrage, stereotype consistency, and anti-gay bias. However, research has not demonstrated this conviction bias in stereotype inconsistent crimes. Other research has shown that jurors high in right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) are lenient toward perpetrators of anti-gay hate crimes. However, authoritarianism and anti-gay bias have not been used to predict verdicts for gay defendants. This article examines the impact of juror gender, authoritarianism, sexual orientation, and anti-gay bias on verdicts for gay defendants in a stereotype consistent and stereotype inconsistent crime. Anti-gay bias and authoritarianism predicted convictions for gay defendants in both stereotype consistent and stereotype inconsistent crime scenarios, and the constructs were correlated. These findings add to the research base by showing that anti-gay bias and authoritarianism can predict verdicts for gay defendants in stereotype inconsistent cases.


This paper offers a framework of analysis to encompass the variety of contemporary British culture in newspapers, drawing attention upon its "order of discourse" within the history of the present.
Ten often overlapping categories are proposed: British national identity; local identities; ethnicity and religion; social classes; war and peace; work; leisure trends; the body; gender; home and family.
These combine variously and change across the periods 1901- 1945, 1946-1964, 1965-1979, and 1980-2000. The resulting grid, applied to news case studies, suggests the warps and wefts within the fabric of British culture, and a blueprint upon which 21st-century paradigms may rest.


The use of thermal energy storage using the thermal mass of buildings is often suggested as a key technology to improve the penetration of renewable energy sources and counter grid stability problems. Therefore a quantitative assessment of the flexibility provided by structural thermal energy storage and its relation to the building design is a prerequisite to instigate a large scale deployment of dwellings as active storage technologies that can be used in a demand response context. In this work a generic, simulation-based, dynamic quantification method is presented to characterize the potential of structural thermal storage for active demand response (ADR). Thereby it is shown that, in contrast to traditional storage technologies, the ADR characteristics are not constant but vary significantly as result of the dynamic boundary conditions.


Blockchain is a structure of data blocks arranged in sequential order, including reliability, data sharing, decentralization, security and, extensively used in a smart contract, digital currency, credit encryption, and other fields. Currently, there is a rapid increase in blockchain technology applications, offering opportunities to deal with the limitation in the online education field, e.g., the shortage of a unified e-learning assessment standard, the complication of e-learning assessment, and the concern of digital education certificates. In this paper, a secured blockchain system proposes building an adaptable and safe data delivery facility that interacts with current educational data. The proposed framework improves data security and eliminates trust concerns among users and, between other institutions accessing services and applications.


An overall view on low-voltage device and circuit design is presented, beginning with a discussion of the low-voltage limit. Low-voltage device design is then described. Low-voltage CMOS and BiCMOS logic circuits are discussed. Circuit techniques for the low-voltage DRAMs and SRAMs are presented. The low-voltage analog devices and circuits are considered. The future direction of the low-voltage and low-power ULSIs is discussed by comparing the switching energy of electronic devices and brain cells. >


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is a poorly-known entity. Underlying low-grade inflammation (LGI) has been theorized as one of its pathophysiological mechanisms. We aimed to investigate a possible relationship between PCS and an increase in inflammation markers, in a sex-stratified analysis. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Mild cases of COVID-19 according to the WHO classification followed-up in a Primary Care Center, were included. We collected epidemiological data (age, sex, body mass index -BMI-, smoking, and comorbidities -Charlson index-), variables of the acute COVID-19 episode, and data at 3 months of follow-up (clinical manifestations and inflammatory markers). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels were analyzed. Low-grade inflammation (LGI) was defined as serum CRP between >0.3 and <1.0 mg/dL. Five composite indices were built combining the upper ranges of 4 markers. Bivariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression and general linear models) were performed, stratified by sex. RESULTS We analyzed 121 subjects with mild COVID-19 (56.2% women; mean age 46 years). The most common symptom in the acute episode was fever (60.3%), while it was fatigue in PCS (42.8%). Prevalence of PCS was 35.8% in women and 20.8% in men (p = 0.07). In women, after controlling for age, BMI, smoking, and comorbidities, the D1, D3, and D4 indices were consistently associated with PCS, with ORs of 5.14 (95% CI, 1.6-16.4), 4.20 (95% CI, 1.3- 13.3), and 4.12 (95% CI, 1.3-13.1), respectively; in patients with post-COVID anosmia and ageusia, neutrophils were significantly elevated (3.43 {+/-} 0.3 vs 2.58 {+/-} 0.1; p = 0.014, and 3.89 {+/-}0.3 vs 2.59 {+/-} 0.1; p = 0.002, respectively), after adjusting for confounders. In men, the D2 and D5 indices were associated with PCS, with adjusted ORs of 10.1 (95% CI, 1.2- 85) and 17.5 (95% CI, 2-153), respectively; furthermore, serum CRP in the LGI range was associated with PCS [adjusted OR=12.9 (95% CI, 1.3-121)], and in post-COVID persistent fatigue, the neutrophil count was significantly elevated (4.68 {+/-} 0.6 vs 3.37 {+/-} 0.1; p = 0.041), after controlling for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Consistent associations among PCS, anosmia, ageusia, and fatigue, with slight -but significant- elevated levels of inflammatory markers, have been observed. The neutrophil count was the most frequently involved marker. Sex-stratified analyses showed relevant differences between women and men concerning PCS and serum inflammatory markers.


Due to the inaccuracies of the production methods, it is impossible to manufacture machines parts that have chosen magnitudes exactly during the design and a...


In earl y June 1993, we determined th a t accelerated ice fl ow was spreading from the main Bering Glacier trunk to the upper piedmont lobe and that an incipient surge was in progress (Muller and others, 1993) . U.S.G.S. aerial photographs taken in M arch 1993 bear no evidence of this abrupt change in regime, which interrupts a general down-wasting and retrea t that has persisted since 1968. Ice-front ad vance currently in progress substantia tes the hypothesis of a 20~30 year surge cycle suggested by Post (1972 ) . Bering Glacier, the largest alpine glacier known to surgc, d escends to a coas ta l lowland fro m the Chugach R ange where it is nouri shed by the Bagley I ce Field. The Bering Glacier trunk flows pas t O ve rrid e Ridge, a reference landmark for thickening ice, tha t has in th e past signa led developing surge conditions, and Lh e western Grind le Hills as it leaves the m ountains and spreads to join Stell er Glacier (Fig. I ) . Together, they comprise the largest known glacier sys tem in North Ameri ca (5173 km) and form a pied mon t lobe second on ly in size to tha t of M alaspina Glacie r, 150 km to the cast. The piedmont lobe fronts in T siva t a nd T siu Lakes on its eastern margin and Vitus Lake to the so uth (Fig. 2) . Bordering the so uth ern Grindle Hills, Tsiva t Sublobe occupies T siva t Lake Basin northeas t of Weeping Pea t and Pea t Fa lls Islands, which separate Tsivat and T siu Lakes. Bentwood Isla nd lies between T siu and Vitus Lakes . The glacier rem ained in contact w.ith Peat Fa lls Island at the western shore of Tsiu L ake until the isla nd was en tirely over-ridd en in J anuary 1994. Other forela nd land masses and lake basins uncovered by ice recession between 1978 and 1993 (Muller and Fleisher, 1995) a re


Figures and Tables Preface Acknowledgments Part 1: Introduction 1 Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy: Issues and Approaches Part 2: The Context(s) of Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy 2 The Socioeconomic Context: Canadian Resource Industries and the Postwar Canadian Political Economy 3 The Institutional Context: The Canadian Constitution, Aboriginal Rights, and International Agreements Affecting Resources and the Environment Part 3: Analyzing Natural Resource and Environmental Policy 4 The Resource and Environmental Policy Process: An Analytical Framework Part 4: The Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy Process 5 Agenda Setting: The Role of the Public in Resource and Environmental Policy Formation 6 Policy Formulation: Identifying the Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy Subsystem 7 Decision Making: The Politics of Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy 8 Policy Implementation: The Administration of Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy 9 Policy Evaluation: The Political, Administrative, and Judicial Assessment of Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy 10 Conclusion: The Future of the Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy Paradigm Notes Bibliography Index


It builds the effective professional teaching team in Secondary Vocational School plays a significant role in promoting the teaching team and development of the vocational school.This paper analyzes the problems in the construction of the team and then presents the channels to build the professional teaching team in order to meet the needs of the development of building the demonstration school.


Condemned to an absurd trial played out on a pool table, Josef K must play the game of his life. Inspired by Kafka's The Trial, The Pool Game questions the notion of justice in a world where the rules are manipulated to make sure the winner always stays on. Darkly comic and unashamedly political The Pool Game playfully invites the audience to participate – as a jury whose ultimate verdict may change everything or nothing at all.


Thirty-six hemp accessions either cultivars listed in the 1996 official publication of the European community or coming from eastern European countries, were subjected to electrophoresis for the purpose of identification. SDS-PAGE of total seed storage proteins produced profiles characterized by 16-20 sharp bands with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 120 kDa. Cultivar profiles showed a polymorphic zone which permitted the characterisation of all cultivars. UPGMA analysis was performed on all of the samples. The European cultivars originating from the same country were clustered together, and the eastern European accessions and hybrids were grouped in relation to their pedigree. The electrophoretic method represents an inexpensive and efficient technique allowing hemp characterisation without field or greenhouse tests.


A series of CU(bar) and CD type triaxial compression tests were performed on comparable unreinforced and fiber-reinforced specimens of Ottawa Sands to evaluate the effective stress-strain-pore pressure-volume change behavior of fiber-reinforced soils. The results show that fibers increase the cohesion and effective friction angle for Ottawa Sands. The cohesion and effective friction angle determined for the reinforced specimens increases with strains. Reinforced loose specimens tend to have a higher friction angle, but lower cohesion intercept than the reinforced medium-dense specimens. In addition, the inclusion of fibers with loose specimens has a significant effect in increasing effective friction angle than with medium-dense specimens. In CU(bar) tests, the loose reinforced specimens exhibited lower pore pressures than unreinforced specimens. In CD tests, the loose and medium-dense reinforced specimens showed more dilation than unreinforced specimens at moderate and larger strains. These are in agreement with the response observed in undrained tests. For Ottawa sands, the fiber resistance is mobilized at small strains in both undrained and drained conditions. However, the mobilized shear resistances in drained tests occur sooner than in undrained tests.


Adult education as a field of professional practice adult learners and the educational process major providers of educational programs for adults adult education program areas and special clienteles adult education in the future.


The utility model relates to a pipe fitting clamping device, which comprises a clamping body, a movable clamping element and a locking component. The clamping body is provided with a peripheral wall and a side wall, the peripheral wall and the side wall jointly define an accommodating space, and a first pipe fitting clamping portion, a first connecting portion and a fixing portion are defined on one side of the accommodating space via the peripheral wall. The movable clamping element can be mounted inside the other side of the accommodating space, a second pipe fitting clamping portion, a second connecting portion and a movable portion are defined on the movable clamping element, and the second connecting portion is used for being fixedly connected with the first connecting portion. The locking component is used for tightly pressing the movable portion of the movable clamping element towards the fixing portion of the clamping body, and accordingly a pipe fitting outer peripheral wall sleeved between the first pipe fitting clamping portion and the second pipe fitting clamping portion can be clamped and tightly pressed inside the first pipe fitting clamping portion and the second pipe fitting clamping portion. Consequently, the pipeline fitting clamping device can ensure comfortable and safe holding.


We present a simple sequential bargaining model of a collegial court, analogous to Baron and Ferejohn's sequential bargaining model of a legislature. However, the model incorporates critical features of appellate court jurisprudence — including disposition votes and coalitions, opinion assignment, opinion writing, and voting over draft opinions to create a majority opinion —so that it is indeed a model of a high appellate court like the US Supreme Court and the US Courts of Appeals, rather than a model of a legislature or a jury. Case location and dispositional voting split the Court into two groups, a dispositional majority and a dispositional minority; bargaining over opinion content occurs only among those judges in the dispositional majority. Within that group, an assignment advantage arises endogenously in the model. Conditional on assignment, policies are often non-median, both within the Court as a whole and within the dispositional majority.


The invention relates to a medicinal product or a preparation which comprises mizolastine or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, solvates or physiologically-functional derivatives thereof, and a steroid or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, solvates or physiologically-functional derivatives thereof. In particular, the product or the preparation is suitable for an intranasal or ophthalmic administration form.


Background.  Human trafficking is a contemporary version of slavery, ensuring the rights of victims to feel safe is crucial to create an efficient judicial process.
Purpose. This research aims to identify the mechanisms of legal protection for TPPO victims in Sukabumi City and the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence them. The research methodology used is normative law with data sources including interviews, observations, and literature studies.
Method. The data is processed using qualitative analysis, conducted at the Regional Technical Service Unit for Women and Children Protection.
Results. The mechanisms of legal protection provided include the complaint process, victim outreach, case management, temporary shelter, and mediation. The supporting factors include collaboration among legal institutions.
Conclusion. The inhibiting factors include limited budget and lack of Safe Houses (Shelters) or Trauma Centers.


Objective To compare the therapeutic effect and side-effect of the combination of Cyclophosphamide (CTX) and Adrimycin (ADM) with or without Fluorouracil(5-Fu) in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.Methods Seventy-five patients were treated with CTX 600 mg/m 2 iv in blous on day 1, ADM 60 mg/m 2 iv in blous on day 2; 21 days a cycle for three cycles. Seventy-five patients received CAF: CTX 600 mg/m 2 iv in blous on day 1, ADM 60 mg/m 2 iv in bolus on day 2, and 5-Fluorouracil 500 mg/m 2 iv drip on day1~5; 21 days a cycle for three cycles.Results The response rates of CA and CAF were 50.67% and 58.63% respectively, there was no significance( P 0 05) The gastricintestinal toxicities were high in CAF regimen. Conclusions CA regimen is as good as CAF regimen in the management of advanced breast cancer, and the toxicities were lower than CAF regimen.


This paper discusses an ongoing research project to investigate the compilation of a small corpus and the development of appropriate software tools that enable a more multi-modal approach to language data. The research draws on recent experience developed in the development of spoken corpora to explore alignments of the verbal and the visual and, as a starting point, does so with particular reference to gestures in communication and the role of head nods in particular. Issues of appropriate data capture and description are discussed alongside questions about the nature of language necessarily raised by language research that goes beyond the textual.


This article deals with the latest developments in the regulation of cross-border tender offers in the U.S., in Germany, and in the European Union. In the U.S. the SEC issued a new release concerning Cross-Border Tender and Exchange Offers, Business Combinations and Rights Offerings. The new release aims to solve the problem of exclusion of U.S. investors in foreign tender offers. The reason for the exclusion is the extraterritoriality of the U.S. securities regulation. The article will therefore discuss the problem of extraterritoriality in the U.S. and will show some alternative academic proposals for the application of the U.S. tender offer law. In Germany the new Takeover Code will become effective at the beginning of the year 2002. It is the first binding regulation of Takeovers in Germany. It also deals with the applicability in the cross-border context. This article will therefore compare the different concepts of applicability in Germany and in the U.S. with a view to the conflict of laws rules. In the EU the 13th Directive concerning Takeover Bids break down this summer. This article will discuss the reasons for the breakdown and the effects on the European tender offer market. Furthermore the article will compare the new rules and concepts of the German Takeover Code with the tender offer regulation in the U.S. Especially the modified duty of neutrality in the new Code is of interest.


The stock layout and die design for a type of stainless leaf spring in digital duplicator were stated,covering the guiding of bar stock,the slide structure for bending forming,and the characteristic of using compression air to blow the part.


We study the existence and decay of solutions to kinetic models of incompressible polymeric flow. We consider dumbbell type models in the case when the drag term is corotational and weak solutions are constructed via a Leray-type approximation. We analyze the decay when the space of elongations is bounded, and the spatial domain of the polymer is either a bounded domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, $n=2,3$ or it is the whole space $\mathbf{R}^3$. The decay is first established for the $L^2$ norm of the probability density function $\psi$ and then this decay is used to obtain $L^2$-decay of the velocity field u. Consideration is also given to solutions where the probability density function is radial in the admissible elongation vectors q. In this case, the velocity field u becomes a solution to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, and thus decay follows from known results for the Navier–Stokes equations.


In this paper the chi-square ({chi}{sup 2}) values, which represent the degree of agreement between the calculated total, nonelastic, and differential elastic cross sections and their experimental values, are calculated for seven kinds of optical potentials: the phenomenological optimal optical potential (OOP) for a specific element, the global phenomenological optical potentials given by Becchetti and Greenlees (BGP) and by Varner et al. (CH86) for a large number of target nuclei, and the microscopic optical potentials based on conventional Skyrme force (SII and SIII), generalized Skyrme force (GS2), and modified Skyrme force (SKa). Fourteen natural elements (each containing one to four isotopes) are calculated with 12 to 20 neutron incident energies, which are in the 0.1- to 24-MeV energy region for each element. The calculated average total chi-square values are {bar {chi}}{sub OOP}{sup 2} - 0.309, {bar {chi}}{sub BGP}{sup 2} = 0.807, {bar {chi}}{sub CH86}{sup 2} = 0.684, {bar {chi}}{sub GS2}{sup 2} = 0.600, {bar {chi}}{sub SKa}{sup 2} = 0.646, {bar {chi}}{sub SII}{sup 2} = 2.587, and {bar {chi}}{sub SIII}{sup 2} = 1.368. The conclusion is that the microscopic optical potential based on generalized and modified Skyrme force (GS2 and SKa), which has an analytical formalism without any free parameters, ismore » useful in nuclear data calculation and evaluation.« less


In the cosmological general theory of relativity, we define the tetrad that moves in r-axis in the curved space-time. We study an accelerated motion in curved space-time.