In this paper, two-dimensional numerical study of dual cylinders with tandem arrangement undergoing sinusoidal oscillation in still water at a relatively low Reynolds number of 200 is conducted with overset grid technique in our solver pimpleDyMFoam-os, which is developed on the basis of open source code OpenFOAM to remain high mesh quality in spite that objects are performing large amplitude motion. Mesh dependent study and model validation are achieved firstly focusing on cases with single cylinder and tandem dual cylinders, where drag coefficients and added mass coefficients are taken into consideration to validate the accuracy of the solver as well as overset grid technique. As for cases with tandem dual cylinders, gap ratios (G/D, where G means gap between two cylinders and D represents diameter of each cylinder) are set as 0.5 and 1.0; Keulegan-Carpenter ( KC ) numbers are from 5 to 20 with an interval of 2.5, and β numbers are adjusted according to Reynolds Numbers and KC numbers. Drag coefficient and added mass coefficient are obtained with least square method. Moreover, strongly asymmetrical wake about the center line has been clearly observed in some cases with large motion amplitude, hence RMS value of non-dimensional lift force perpendicular to direction of forced motion is calculated to evaluate the degree of wake asymmetry, and its reasonability has been validated to some extent. Moreover, when the gap ratio is small with tandem dual cylinders, the block effect of the gap is strong and the wakes of after each cylinder tend to connect and finally become a union large vortex pair. This vortex pair and the block effect induce wakes to be symmetrical. Thus development of this unique characteristic in time domain and interaction between wakes of each cylinder are deeply analyzed and discussed.


Detailed studies on low-flow statistics and its analysis are required for an effective operational management of water resources as a response to water abstraction. Moreover, these studies are needed to investigate climate change and climate variability, and their effect on water resources availability and accessibility. This study focuses on low-flow analysis for the Lower Niger River through the derivation of flow duration curves and low-flow frequency analysis. The low-flow indices derived include the Q95 and 7-day minimum flow for 10-year (7Q10) and 2-year (7Q2) return periods.


Resource ReserVation Protocol (RSVP) is a QoS signalling protocol developed by IETF for fixed networks. However, in mobile networks where mobile nodes are freely moving, the standard RSVP is inadequate. There is substantial number of published works aiming to support RSVP mobility. Our contribution in this paper is to explore further the proactive context transfer scheme [6] in the context of RSVP state reestablishment. As shown in the paper, the proactive scheme is well suited to RSVP state reestablishment. We also suggest the concept of deferred reestablishment to increase the probability of resource availability during the proactive reestablishment process. Finally, we analyse the cost and benefits of state reestablishment in terms of wasted resources (we express the resources as a product of bandwidth and time and call it bandwidth-time in the paper) to confirm the effectiveness of our scheme.


The volume can be refined in two aspects. First, studies in this volume have been dependent upon western theories and methods to analyze Chinese discourse. Future work can include studies that make innovations in theoretical building and methods that are more culturally sensitive (Shi, 2014). Second, while the volume has touched upon visual forms of data, other forms, especially audio and video data, as well as data in Chinese social media have not been adequately addressed. In all, the volume sheds new light on multidisciplinary studies of Chinese news discourse. By addressing up-to-date realistic topics, approaching new forms of data from various media types, and using mixed research methods, it is a valuable resource for researchers in journalistic communication, news discourse analysis, and news translation. Teachers and students of news translation can also gain useful insights to enhance their translation competence from studies in this book.


Editor: Recently, Shrestha et al. (1) published an interesting case of delayed colonic perforation caused by an unused Tenckhoff catheter. In April 1989, we described a female patient, aged 62 years, undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis for treatment of terminal renal failure (2). A straight peritoneal dialysis catheter had been inserted using bedside technique, and regular manual treatment with intermittent peritoneal dialysis had been started. Peritoneal dialysis sessions were performed at the hospital (two 24-hour dialysis sessions per week with 1-hour dwell time). After 3 months of such treatment, the patient came to the hospital for a planned peritoneal dialysis session. After instillation of about 800 mL dialysis solution, the patient presented abdominal distension, diarrhea, and feculent effluent. There were no features of peritonitis. Contrast study confirmed the tip of the catheter within the lumen of the transverse colon [x-ray evidence in the original publication (2)]. The catheter was surgically removed without resection of the perforated segment of the colon. Antibacterial drugs, parenteral nutrition, and bed rest were administered. Uremia was controlled by hemodialysis. There was no return to peritoneal dialysis treatment. In the scientific literature, we found five cases of bowel perforation not directly related to catheter insertion (3–7). There was no difference in gender, but all patients were over 60 years old (3–6). Older age was also noted in the case described by Shrestha et al. (1) and in our patient (2).


Hibernating beetles were field collected in September 1963 and were stored in a refrigerator, first at 40° and then at 32 °F. They were used in laboratory studies only after a sufficient time lapse (at least 30 days) to assure that diapause was broken. The beetles were weighed, then confined on different species of Gramineae, and were reweighed after 1 week and 2 weeks had passed. They accepted Hudson barley before Clintland 60 oats and fed on it slightly more; differences in feeding and acceptance between wheat and oats, and rye and oats, were not significant. They gained weight rapidly on barley, oats, wheat, or rye, and slowly on corn, but did not gain appreciably on tall fescue, Sudan grass, or orchard grass, though orchard grass was accepted as readily as oats. Their gain on a sorghum-Sudan hybrid was significantly lower than on oats. They lost weight on grain sorghum, giant foxtail, and pearl millet, and fed only slightly on these host plants. Their survival was high on all the small grains and on corn; moderate on orchard grass, tall fescue, and the sorghum-Sudan hybrid; and very low on grain sorghum, Sudan grass, and pearl millet.


FIELD: medicinal genetics. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preparing information about nucleic acid associated with disease that, in particular, can be induced by pathogenic microorganism presenting in body of this patient. Invention relates also to backings with immobilized probes designated for using in indicated methods. In particular, the invention relates to methods and backings with immobilized probes designated for preparing information about susceptibility of patient to treatment of disease induced by pathogenic microorganisms. Invention provides expanding assortment of agents of genetic therapy. EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of methods. 33 cl, 3 tbl, 3 dwg, 4 ex


After five years of survey and the rescue excavation in 1989, large scale excavations started at Sagalassos from July 11th until August 22nd 1990. The work was directed by Professor Marc Waelkens (Dept. of Archaeology, Catholic University of Leuven) and by the Archaeological Museum of Burdur, represented by Ali Harmankaya, temporary director of the museum, who also represented the Turkish Antiquities Department. During the excavation the Council of Ministers granted a full scale excavation permit to Marc Waelkens. The team included 18 scientists and students from the Catholic University of Leuven, three from Britain and four from Turkey. Financial support came from the Research Council of the Catholic University of Leuven, from the Belgian Fund for Collective Fundamental Research, the Flemish Ministry of Education, the Ministry of the Flemish Community (Foreign Relations), the ASLK/CGER Bank, the Belgian tour operator ORION, and from the association "Friends of Sagalassos". Thanks are due to the Anıtlar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüǧü and the Bakanlar Kurulu, who gave permission for the excavation, to the staff of the Emniyet Müdürlüǧü and the Archaeological Museum in Burdur, and to the Belediye officials and the inhabitants of Aǧlasun.


Objective: The diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in the very elderly is difficult also because of many comorbidities that may mask HF symptoms and signs. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of HF and its association with in-hospital mortality in relation with anti-hypertensive drugs taken before hospitalization, in a population of very elderly hypertensives. Design and method: Prospective observational study on 265 very elderly hypertensives consecutively admitted to our Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Department. The other inclusion criteria were an admission diagnosis different from HF, a negative history for HF and the presence of at least one symptom/sign compatible with HF. HF diagnosis was based on NT-proBNP values at admission, with a validated age-adjusted cut-off (1800 pg/ml). The main comorbidities, laboratory parameters and drugs taken before the admission were also considered. Results: Mean age 87.7 ± 4.9 years. Males: 113 (42.6%). Values of NT-proBNP >= 1800 pg/ml were present in 55.8% of patients. Regarding the admission diagnosis, patients with atrial fibrillation or acute renal impairment had increased risk of HF (OR = 2.26; p = 0.006 and OR = 2.18; p = 0.016, respectively). Values of NT-proBNP >=1800 pg/ml were associated with a greater in-hospital mortality, regardless the admission diagnosis (OR = 2.63; p = 0.002). Analyzing the pharmacological therapy taken before admission, those who were already treated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers had a lower in-hospital mortality, even after adjusting for covariates (OR = 0.41; p = 0.038): age, cancer, chronic bedridden, white blood cells count and glycaemia. Conclusions: An underlying HF is very common in very elderly hypertensives hospitalized patients, regardless the medical causes of admission. Those who were already taking ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, confirmed cornerstones of hypertension treatment, showed a lower in-hospital mortality indicating the importance of these drugs in the management of very elderly hypertensives.


Self-convergence is a property of distributed systems, allowing a system, when it was perturbed or badly initialised, to recover a correct operation in a finite number of calculation steps. In this paper is explored the intrinsic robustness of a self converging algorithm with respect to soft errors resulting from SEU (Single Event Upset) phenomena. This study was performed by fault injection using a devoted test platform. A self-converging benchmark program was executed by a LEON3 processor implemented in an FPGA. The low number of observed errors puts in evidence the fault tolerance of the tested algorithm.


Problem:  Cytokines are involved in implantation success and failure. We envisage that they could be similarly involved in pre‐eclampsia (PE).


these institutions taking place in Latin America. The author relies on secondary sources, but omitted major works bearing on topics such as Brazilian public enterprises (Thomas J. Trebat, Brazil's State-Owned Enterprises. A Case Study of the State as Entrepreneur, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1983), in which the economic performance of public and private enterprises are compared, an exercise dismissed as impossible in this book. The author explicitly addresses the exploitation of women in the Asian manufacturing sectors, without discussing the issue in the Latin American context.


It provides a Group III nitride semiconductor device including a gallium nitride-based semiconductor film having a good surface morphology. Group III nitride semiconductor optical device (11a) is provided with a Group III nitride semiconductor substrate (13), the GaN-based semiconductor region 15, active layer 17 and the GaN-based semiconductor region 19. The main surface (13a) of a group III nitride semiconductor substrate 13 becomes inclined with respect to the reference plane (Sc) perpendicular to the reference axis (Cx) represents a non-polar, the reference axis (Cx) is c-axis direction of the group III nitride semiconductor to extend. GaN-based semiconductor region 15 is formed on the semi-polar main surface (13a). GaN-based semiconductor layer of the GaN-based semiconductor region 15, 21 is of silicon is added for example, n-type GaN-type formed of a semiconductor, n-type GaN-based semiconductor has. The crystal quality of the GaN-based semiconductor layer 23, active layer 17, which continue to grow on the main surface at the time the oxygen concentration


■ Breast cancer ■ Prostheses ■ Surveys These key words are based on the subject headings from the British Nursing Index. This article has been subject to double-blind review K ey w or ds Karen Scanlon MSc Applied Health Research, is a research and evaluation manager, Breast Cancer Care, London Jane Goddard DipCOT, Diploma in Counselling, is a prosthesis fitting project manager, Breast Cancer Care, London Developing evidence-based standards for breast prosthesis fitting services


Modern classification problems exhibit heterogeneities across individual classes: Each class 5 may have unique attributes, such as sample size, label quality, or predictability (easy vs 6 difficult), and variable importance at test-time. Without care, these heterogeneities impede 7 the learning process, most notably, when optimizing fairness objectives. We propose an 8 effective and general method to personalize the optimization strategy of individual classes 9 so that optimization better adapts to heterogeneities. Concretely, class-attribute priors ( CAP ) 10 is a meta-strategy which generates a class-specific strategy based on attributes of that class. 11 This meta approach leads to substantial improvements over naive approach of assigning 12 separate hyperparameters for each class. We instantiate CAP for loss function design and 13 posthoc logit adjustment, with an emphasis on label-imbalanced problems. We show that


It is difficult to separate economics and politics. The two are so intertwined that to separate one from the other is impossible. What is the American economy now?This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


This paper introduces a design method for an efficient and agile quadruped robot. A mixed-integer optimization formulation including the number of gear teeth is derived to obtain the optimal gear ratio that minimizes cost for a running-trot with the target speed of 3 m/s. With the inclusion of integer constraints related to the number of gear teeth, detailed design considerations of gear trains can be included in the optimization process. Thermal dissipation of the motor controller is also taken into account in the optimization to consider heat generation during high-speed running. KAIST Hound, a 45 kg robot, designed with the obtained design parameters has successfully demonstrated a 3 m/s running-trot using a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC). Furthermore, the robot has proved its robustness by the demonstration of additional experiments such as 22° slope climbing, 3.2 km walking, and traversing a 35 cm obstacle.


Abstract : Imaging sensors and automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms are an integral part of modern combat systems. We present a method to automate the efficient synthesis of hyperspectral images used as aid in the evaluation and development of ATR algorithms. To ensure reliable inferences from these processes, it is required that the different levels of difficulty for ATR performance are adequately represented in the generated images. We employ the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) software for the image synthesis, and model each image as a function of the input parameters needed for the image synthesis. The computational complexity of image generation makes gradient-based, and similar adaptive schemes inappropriate for sampling this multidimensional function. We present a progressive adaptive sampling algorithm based on the equalization of the histogram of the already obtained samples. The algorithm requires no prior knowledge of how the images vary with the inputs used in their synthesis, and the computational overhead is minimal. The images generated with the aid of this algorithm are compared to those generated from a combination of random, and even spaced input parameters to DIRSIG. An improvement in diversity with respect to ATR performance is recorded for the images generated using the adaptive sampling algorithm.


: The applications of machine learning (ML) techniques in real estate practices has become popular recently. Specifically, ML techniques are often used to develop Automated valuation models (AVM), which purpose is to provide a price estimate of a particular property at a specified time. The main objective is to minimise human intervention in the process of price estimation. Apart from the users providing a set of inputs which, in the present context, would be a set of property features, the AVM would provide a price estimate without any human intervention in the estimating process. The recent literature show that such prediction process performed much better than the traditional approach. However, the presence of missing values in the data remains a major challenge in developing AVM using ML techniques. Therefore, this paper examines different approaches to handle missing values in the context of developing AVMs using various tree based algorithms. This paper has two main objectives: (i) it examines the performance of Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) in the presence of missing values. Recent literature suggested that GBM can still provide accurate prediction in the presence of missing values and this paper examines this claim in the context of AVMs; (ii) Using GBM, this paper compares some common strategies in managing missing values as well as a special strategy that only applicable for machine learning methods. This helps to identify any extra benefits in using machine learning techniques. It is worthwhile noting that data can be missing in both training and testing stages. Ideally, a model can be trained with missing values in the training set as well as having the ability to make predictions when some of the inputs (features) are missing in the test set. The results show that the proposed GBMs can predict more accurately than the traditional hedonic model across different forecast criteria. The results are also unaffected by the choice of missing value strategies. This is consistent with the results in recent studies. In addition, the proposed implementation required minimum human intervention in both training and testing stages, even in the presence of missing values. Thus, machine learning methods would appear to be more efficient in addition to being more accurate in predicting house price.


Objective To analyze CT findings of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic mass-shaped pancreatitis,and investigate the most important differentiated points,so that to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods 28 patients confirmed with solid mass lesion of pancreas underwent plain scanning and three phases dynamic enhanced scanning with 16-slice spiral CT,and then the images were dealed with various reconstructions and analyzed at AW4.2 workstation.Aml results of CT diagnosis were contrasted with the surgery and pathology or other clinical curative effect.Results Of 28 cases with solid mass lesion of pancreas,23 cases were malign tumor and 5 cases with chronic pancreatitis.4 cases were misdiagnosed by CT.Conclusion The enhanced features and relation to adjacent tissue show different in pancreatic carcinoma and chronic mass-shaped pancreatitis,so the differentiated point is important for improving the diagnostic accuracy.


Crossbred ewe lambs were used to examine effects of shearing and prebreeding ram exposure on age at puberty and pregnancy rate. Shearing did not significantly affect age at puberty or growth rate of ewe lambs. Prebreeding ram exposure and/or shearing did not influence pregnancy rate. Key words: Shearing, ram exposure, pregnancy rate, growth


The pleomorphic adenoma comprises the majority of both major and minor salivary gland tumors accounting for 3–10% of neoplasms of head and neck region. The palate is the predominant intraoral site, and the mucosa of the cheek is an uncommon site for these tumors. These minor salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas require diagnosis based on clinical features and incisional biopsy should be avoided. These are managed by wide surgical excision. The recurrence of this tumor is a well-known factor, and inadequate initial surgical procedure is the most common cause of recurrence. Carcinoma arising from pleomorphic adenoma accounts for about 3% of salivary tumors. Recurrence rates and malignant transformation of this tumor cells for long-term follow-up of these cases. We are reporting a case of pleomorphic adenoma in the left buccal mucosa in a 48-year-old female patient.


The paper mainly introduces the implementation of RSA Public-Key Algorithm in Visual C++ 6.0, and gives the class define, the kernel function's flow charts, the computer algorithm. The implementation of RSA in OOP makes the code can be reused easier, the data can be encapsulated better and more safely, and the program flow clearer than the early implementation. This implementation can achieve better system performance than the early implementation through the choice and the optimization of the computer algorithms that be used.


To explore the best extraction conditions of rutin from Chinese dates by ultrasonic extraction Taking the con tent of rutin as the observation index,and the influence of ultrasonic time,ultrasonic temperature,ultrasonic power and ultrasonic times on the ultrasonic extraction technology were investigated by means of simple factor experiment.The opti mum extraction process was obtained by orthogonal experiment.The optimum extracting conditions were extracting for 3 times and 40 min for each time,at 65 ℃ with ultrasonic power of 175 W.The procedure was convenient,reliable and good stability,which can provide some information and basis for the red dates and reference data for determination of ru tin and provide reference data.


Review August 2015 UROC Summer Research Institute Executive Director: Andrew Carnie, PhD Program Director: Donna Treloar, MA Faculty: Andrew Huerta, PhD Summer Research Institute, funded by the University of Arizona, is open to juniors and seniors of all disciplines, including social science, humanities, fine arts, and STEM. SRI accepts students from other universities as funding is available.


1 The effects of A1 and A2a adenosine receptor agonists on the veratridine‐evoked release of [3H]‐acetylcholine ([3H]‐ACh) from rat striatal synaptosomes was investigated by use of the A1‐selective agonist, R‐PIA and the 185 fold selective A2a agonist, CGS 21680. The effects of NECA, which is equipotent at both receptor subtypes, were also studied. 2 The evoked release of [3H]‐ACh was significantly enhanced by the A2a agonist CGS 21680 but decreased by the A1 agonist, R‐PIA. The effects of NECA were dependent on the concentration used, with high concentrations inhibiting and low concentrations enhancing the evoked release of [3H]‐ACh. In the absence of any antagonists, the rank order of potency for these three drugs on increasing [3H]‐ACh release was CGS 21680 > NECA > R‐PIA. 3 The stimulatory effects of CGS 21680 and low NECA concentrations on evoked [3H]‐ACh release were antagonized by the A2a receptor antagonists, CP66,713 (300 nm) and CGS 15943A (50 nm) whilst the inhibitory effects of R‐PIA were reversed by the selective A1 antagonist, DPCPX (4 nm). In the presence of DPCPX, NECA greatly enhanced the evoked release of [3H]‐ACh at all concentrations studied when, during such A1 receptor blockade, the rank order of potency was NECA ≫ CGS 21680 > R‐PIA. 4 These results demonstrate that both A1 and A2a adenosine receptors modulate the veratridine‐evoked release of [3H]‐ACh from rat striatal synaptosomes.


Carbon dioxide flush after rewetting of dried soils has been recommended as a promising soil health indicator, but it has not been related to most soil properties and crop yields. We evaluated the effect of cropping systems and N fertilization on CO 2 flushes at 1- (1dC) and 4-d incubations (4dC) after rewetting of dried soils and related to 54 soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and annualized crop yields in two long-term experimental sites in eastern Montana (USA). Treatments included till and no-till spring wheat ( Triticum aestiveum L.), pea ( Pisum sativum L.), and fallow rotations with and without N fertilization. Carbon dioxide flushes were lower in till crop–fallow than in no-till continuous cropping systems at both sites. The 1dC was correlated to 5 soil physical, 7 chemical, and 12 biological properties, and 4dC was correlated to 9 physical, 8 chemical, and 11 biological properties in Froid. In Sidney, 1dC was correlated to 10 physical, 13 chemical, and 9 biological properties, and 4dC was correlated to 7 physical, 11 chemical, and 2 biological properties (1–8 moderately, 18–21 strongly, and 1–3 very strongly related). Carbon dioxide flushes were also related to mean annualized crop yields in both sites, except


This study will observe the process of grouping data or forming clusters using K-Means clusters with three methods of measuring distances, namely Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, and Minkowski distance. Observations are more focused on changing the centroid value and the results of grouping data, as well as the number of iterations required. Experimental data amounted to 20, 30, 40, and 50 pieces of data which were grouped into 2 groups. This research also summarizes the application of K-Means clusters which have been widely used in various fields, including Health, Education, and Disaster. The results of grouping data with the three distance measurement methods are not too much different, namely the highest difference is 2 members of the data on 50 test data. The most iterations on 40 test data use the Euclidean distance, namely 7 iterations, and the least iteration on 20 test data uses Minkowski distance i.e. 3 iterations. On the 50 test data it takes 4 iterations. The amount of test data is not directly proportional to the number of iterations needed to reach the cluster in a stable state.


As traditional von Neumann computing systems based on CMOS technologies gains less performance increment and energy efficiency from device scaling, neuromorphic hardware systems that potentially provide the capabilities of biological perception and information processing within a compact and energy-efficient platform have gained great attentions [1][2]. However, the hardware development of neural networks in traditional VLSI circuits still falls behind from the following perspectives. First, the weight matrix storage by digital-analog convertors, capacitors, or floating gates, has low precision, high power consumption, and high area overhead. Second, the voltage-based matrix computation induces many design issues including voltage offset, noise generation and voltage saturation. Last but not the least, the architecture and connection of such neuromorphic systems are hard to scale up, limiting the size and function of hardware implementations [3]. Theoretically, an idea memristor exhibits similarly as a synapse in bio-tissues [4]: it "remembers" the total electric flux through the device as its memristance M, which can be leveraged as the weight between an input voltage and an output current such as I = V / M. Such device feature potentially provides a complementary solution in neuromorphic design. However, at current stage, a large gap exists between the theoretical memristor characteristics and the experimental data obtained from real devices, raising severe concerns in feasibility of memristorbased hardware design. For instance, the memristor theory expresses a continuous and stable memristance change. Though an arbitrary intermediate state can be obtained by carefully setting current compliance and period in a single metal oxide memristor, the corresponding realization at large scale, e.g., crossbar array, is very difficult after including intrinsic design constrains, process variations, etc. Keeping a memristor in its ON or OFF state (Ron or Roff), on the contrary, is much more controllable. Thus, memristors nowadays are utilized as "memristive switches". Moreover, metal oxide based memristor behaves stochastically and hence even a single memristive device demonstrates large variations in performance. More specific, the static states of a single memristive switch, i.e., Ron and Roff, are not fixed, but have large variations with skewed distributions and heavy tails [5]. The switching mechanism of a memristive switch, that is, its dynamic behavior, performs as a stochastic process [6], which has been widely demonstrated in various materials. Previous statistical analyses on memristors were limited to the binary switching as data storage. It is necessary to understand and model the analog stochastic characteristic of memristors. In this work, we built a stochastic behavior model of TiO2 memristive devices based on the real measurement results to better facilitate the exploration of memristive switches in hardware implementation. The model bypasses material-related parameters while directly linking the device analog behavior to stochastic functions. Simulations (Figure 1 and Figure 2) show that the proposed stochastic device model fits well to the existing device measurement results.


The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly emerging as a housing emergency. In this moment of crisis, let us state our position on COVID-19 and the journal at the outset:Housing scholars, housing policy and ...


Wake patterns due to a uniformly traveling source are a result of the resonant emission of the medium's collective excitations. When there exists a frequency range where such excitations possess a negative group velocity, their interference leads to a wake pattern resembling the Kelvin ship wake: while there are "transverse" and "divergent" wavefronts trailing the source, they are oriented oppositely to Kelvin's. This is illustrated by an explicit calculation of "roton" wake patterns in superfluid He where a Kelvin-like wake emerges when the speed of the source marginally exceeds the Landau critical roton velocity.


Giant magnetoresistance indicates a large change in the electrical resistance with the application of a small magnetic field. This effect can be used to detect the presence of small magnetic fields. Magnetic sensors based on this concept are used to read out information stored in magnetic particles on rotating platters in computer hard disks. Other types of magnetic sensors are also used in brushless electric motors within cooling fans in computers, and as wheel speed sensors in some automobiles. Semiconductors are materials with electrical characteristics that fall between those of insulators and metals. Such materials are widely used, especially in electronics.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which develops on a complex genetic background, the so-called atopic diathesis. AD is in most, but not all, patients characterized by the presence of elevated total serum IgE levels. However, a subgroup of atopic patients exhibits normal IgE levels and mechanisms contributing to the so-called 'intrinsic' or 'non-allergic' form have been the matter of intensive research work in the last years. These forms have been particularly studied in the context of AD, which has also led to a new nomenclature. Moreover, we now have increasing evidence for the putative role of autoimmune phenomena in the complex pathophysiology of AD. Mainly adult patients exhibit specific IgE directed against self proteins of epidermal origin. Therefore


Abstract---- The rapid development of technology has made online shopping sites increasingly popular, coupled with the many attractive offers from various brands and online stores through advertisements on social media. The presence of the younger generation, especially students who spend their time on the internet and social media, was welcomed positively because before buying, students were actively seeking information through social media. Unisba students choose to spend their spare time to open types of social media online shopping. The offer and convenience of online shopping make Unisba students shop without planning, and this spontaneously called impulsive buying contradicts the task of early adult development, namely critical thinking and being able to act quickly and precisely according to planning. This study is to determine whether there is an effect of shopping lifestyle on impulsive buying. Including the type of causal research with quantitative methods. The sample in this study were 386 students of the Islamic University of Bandung who were obtained through Slovin calculations who had met the criteria for impulsive buying. Using a shopping lifestyle scale measuring tool adapted by Arista Kusumaningsih (2017) based on the shopping lifestyle theory from Cobb and Hoyer (1986). Meanwhile, the measuring instrument for impulsive buying uses a scale of the impulsive buying tendency that has been adapted by Astrid Gisela Herabadi (2003). The data obtained are in the form of interval data and data processing using simple linear regression test. Based on the results of data processing, it was obtained that R = 0.383 with R square = 0.147, which means that there is a small influence between shopping lifestyle and impulsive buying. Keywords----shopping lifestyle, online impulsive buying, college student.


We provide a $O(\log^6 \log n)$-round randomized algorithm for distance-2 coloring in CONGEST with $\Delta^2+1$ colors. For $\Delta\gg\operatorname{poly}\log n$, this improves exponentially on the $O(\log\Delta+\operatorname{poly}\log\log n)$ algorithm of [Halld\'orsson, Kuhn, Maus, Nolin, DISC'20]. Our study is motivated by the ubiquity and hardness of local reductions in CONGEST. For instance, algorithms for the Local Lov\'asz Lemma [Moser, Tardos, JACM'10; Fischer, Ghaffari, DISC'17; Davies, SODA'23] usually assume communication on the conflict graph, which can be simulated in LOCAL with only constant overhead, while this may be prohibitively expensive in CONGEST. We hope our techniques help tackle in CONGEST other coloring problems defined by local relations.


In the recent past, rhino-orbital mucormycosis in people with COVID-19, were reported from many parts of the world. Diabetes mellitus, though, happens to be an independent risk factor both for severe COVID-19 and mucormycosis, administration steroids is attributed as a precipitating factor for acquiring this comorbid condition. Fungal agents causing mucormycosis are highly angioinvasive in nature, as a result of which, clinical outcome of infection is invariably poor, especially with rhinocerebral or rhinoorbitocerebral variety. Effective management depends upon timely and accurate diagnosis, and parenteral administration of amphotericin B. Judicious use of steroids is always recommended. Glycemic control in those who are severely diabetic is advocated. Surgical debridement of the paranasal sinuses and orbital cavities and removal of dead tissue is an essential part of management in order to facilitate faster healing and better penetration of antifungal drugs. Exenteration of eye ball may be indicated, if cavernous sinus and intracranial spread are anticipated.


The global design approach we propose for fault-tolerant multiprocessors is cost-effective, while assuring full spare utilization during a proper reconfiguration process. Use of task reassignment during reconfiguration helps keep system costs effective and system size expandable easily. Our scheme is topology-independent; that is, any multiprocessor system can be applied. As compared with previous work, the proposed scheme can achieve higher or the same reliability at less extra hardware cost.<<ETX>>


BACKGROUND: Consciousness is the state of being awake and aware of oneself and the environment. The disorders of consciousness result from pathologies that impair awareness. The development of effective comprehensive personalized interventions contributing to the recovery of consciousness in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness is one of the most pressing and challenging tasks in modern rehabilitation.
AIM: The aim of this study was to understand structural problems of the pituitary gland, blood levels of gonadotropins and melatonin as well as brain damage markers in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness and to analyze the levels of the above markers among different groups of patients depending on the level of impaired consciousness.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 61 chronic disorders of consciousness patients and identified three groups depending on the level of consciousness including 24 patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 24 patients with a minus minimally conscious state, and 13 patients with minimally conscious state plus. We performed magnetic resonance imaging of chiasmatic-sellar region and determined blood serum levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones and melatonin, as well as urinary level of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and the content of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), apoptosis antigen (APO-1), FasL, glutamate, and S100 protein in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
RESULTS: The patients were examined in the age ranging from 15 to 61 years old. Patient groups were homogeneous by the level of consciousness in terms of age and duration of chronic disorders of consciousness by the time of examination. The patients did not differ in the pituitary volume regardless of the level of consciousness. No significant differences were found between the groups with different levels of consciousness when studying the levels of melatonin in the blood serum and its metabolite in the urine. A peak in melatonin secretion was detected at 3 a.m. in 54.5 % of the patients, which can be considered as a favorable prognostic marker for further recovery of consciousness. Hypogonadotropic ovarian failure was found in 34 % of the patients, with normogonadotropic ovarian failure in the remaining patients. Serum APO-1 and BDNF levels were significantly higher in patients with minimally conscious state relative to those with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. Significantly lower levels of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid were detected in women with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome compared to patients with minimally conscious state.
CONCLUSIONS: Further in-depth examination and accumulation of data on patients with chronic disorders of consciousness may provide an opportunity to identify highly informative markers for predicting outcomes and to develop new effective approaches to rehabilitation of consciousness in this category of patients.


Adjustable vane diffuser is addressed as one of the main techniques in centrifugal compressor in seeking of wider stability margin. Flow instabilities, however, may be driven by the three-dimensional flow separation induced by the abnormal vane in the diffuser. In the present work, a numerical investigation of the radial vaned diffuser with abnormal vane was applied to identify the correlation between stall inception and asymmetric flow distribution. Unsteady numerical simulations of the centrifugal compressor with vaned diffuser was carried out and validated against experimental data. Then, the aerodynamic characteristics and evolution process of the flow instabilities in vaned diffuser was analyzed with the compressed dynamic mode decomposition in term of perturbation frequency and dominating flow mode. Finally, concerning the relative position of the volute tongue and abnormal vane, the influence of the abnormal vane on the matching between the diffuser and volute regarding the stall mechanism was summarized. The results indicate that the abnormal vane needs to be altered large enough, which is above 10°, to trigger the flow instability of vaned diffuser before the spike stall in impeller. With the increase of stagger angle alternation, the stall mechanism turns from a global flow separation in multiple passages into a regional and abrupt phenomenon in limited passages. With the mode composition approach, the flow separation near diffuser outlet and the tornado-type vortices at the leading edge of the abnormal vane are responsible for the flow instability of the case with 15° vane alternation. When combined with the volute, the case with abnormal vane close to the volute tongue tends to be more unstable than that 180° away from volute tongue. The tornado-type vortices are also moved to the trailing edge rather than the leading edge under the influence of the asymmetric volute.


Abstract This paper details the vivid memories of the author's childhood in the fishing port of Grimsby, shortly after the Second World War. It was a time of shortages, overcrowding, improvisation and cannibalisation of anything that could be re-used. In time it became a period of reconstruction but not without its upheavals and difficulties. It begins in the 'old town' of workers' small terrace houses, typically in a poor state of repair. Then it moves to the 'new' council estates. Similarly, the narrative also begins with a 'Victorian' technology of steam, coal and horses with very few petrol-engined vehicles and moves to the very beginnings of early consumer society. The principal analytic content of the paper concerns the status of what is clearly a 'personal history' – if that is not too great a contradiction – or as the author suggests: mystory. The obvious 'critical' response – that it could have been otherwise – is contrasted against the suggestion that this story is a non-negotiable foundation of the author's identity and that this 'critical' response is not appropriate. Some of the interdisciplinary options thrown up by this problem are considered.


The planning and design of any Coastal Engineering structure requires adequate knowledge of the wave characteristics. It is desirable that this knowledge of waves is based on instrumentally recorded data over a number of years, so that reliable values could be used for the computation of the design wave. Analysis of instrumentally recorded data to yield the relevant wave characteristics like the significant wave height, though not complicated is too time consuming. A simple method of analysis has been proposed by Tucker (9, 10), wherein the relevant information is obtained with only a few measurements of the larger waves. This method is also recommended by Draper (6) in his plea for uniformity of the analysis and presentation of wave data. This paper deals with the application of the Tucker's method to analysis of waves recorded off the Mangalore Harbour on the West Coast of India.


AbstractThis article, published online ahead of print on 17 January 2014, has been withdrawn by the authors due to an error identified in the data.


The majority of work done on gay men's language in the United States has focused almost exclusively on white men, also tending to focus on phonetic qualities that allow others to identify the speaker as gay or on phonetic qualities that pattern along the lines of speaker sexuality. This dissertation expands on existing research by examining the speech of four white and four black young adult gay men in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area as they negotiate their gay identities in sociolinguistic interviews and group sessions.
Using discourse analysis to investigate the attitudes these men have toward homonormativity and gayness, I uncover their affiliations to a gay identity. In particular, I show how these men align with homonormative discourses about hypersexuality, coming-out, femininity, and the trajectory of a gay life. In their negative assessments of explicitly erotic activities like frequent casual sex and attempting to meet men for such activities in bars and through mobile applications, these men align themselves with the homonormative ideal of stable, couple-oriented monogamy. Examining dispreferred second-pair parts reveals their rejection of femininity as well as their familiarity with the coming-out story as an important communicative practice between gay men. Finally, I demonstrate that for this group of speakers in this particular context, there are no great differences in language use between black and white participants. I comment on the implications for gay men of color and their inclusion in a broader, homonormative gay community.
This study problematizes the understanding of social categories as fixed and static and highlights the highly variable nature of identity affiliation and linguistic representations of this variability. Rather than attribute certain speech features to the speaker's identity, such as sex, class, or race, I show how speakers use language in the creation of their own identities and the interpretation of others' by negotiating the available discourses around what it means to be a homonormative gay man in America.


The increasing development of world trade has promoted the spread of diseases. Recent events, like the H1N1 outbreak and spread, have confirmed this tendency. Everyone could observe that this kind of infectious disease often has the ability to cross countries borders and spread rapidly. Preventing, monitoring and controlling the outbreak of these diseases have appeared to be a public health problem of primary importance for years. However, although numerous works have been conducted in order to understand and study epidemics, this subject remains a topical issue because of the complexity of the phenomena. In this paper, we present new opportunities offered by the field of social networks for understanding the spread of infectious diseases. This work focuses both on techniques already used in epidemiology, and very recent works in social network analysis that open new perspectives. We give an overview of methods currently used to model and study the spread of diseases and future directions that the social network approach allows to glimpse.


Expectations for change are ubiquitous in education. Teachers who complete education programs and enter classrooms are encouraged to embrace change as new professionals. Instructional change is expected as a result of professional development when teachers examine their instructional practices and reflect on student learning. Two scholars whose work is foundational in teacher education, Lortie (2002) and Britzman (2003) challenged researchers and educators to consider how teachers and teacher education changes and resists change. Lortie (2002), in his sociological study of the profession, speculated on changes and resistance in teaching and argued that the two would "interact contrapuntally" (p. 219). In other words, these two forces exist in tension so that sustained change would often be thwarted. In a similar vein, Britzman's (2003) critical analysis of learning to teach examined discourses and discursive structures of teacher preparation and noted contradictions and struggles in the lived experiences of teacher candidates. Near the conclusion of her analysis, she wrote, we should "attend to the possible and acknowledge the uncertainty of our educational lives" (p. 241). Possibilities and uncertainties continue to inform the work of educating teacher candidates and supporting inservice teachers as agents of innovation in schools. To be sure, schools and teaching have changed in terms of student demographics, accountability, standardization, and testing since these two studies were published. And yet, the articles in this issue suggest that exploring sources, motivation, and possible outcomes of change, as well as the nature of resistance, remain paramount. In this issue, one pedagogical innovations article and four empirical studies articles explore change and consider how resistance informs teacher education. In an argument for including data literacy in teacher preparation, Reeves describes six hours of classroom-based training with four cohorts of preservice elementary teachers that he claims will help them more deeply understand how data literacy can inform pedagogy. Reeves' study is grounded in current research indicating that there is an increased expectation for teachers to use data to make instructional decisions. He contends that teacher preparation programs should include instruction about data literacy. This change could help preservice teachers enter classrooms with detailed knowledge about how data can productively inform their instruction. Reeves recognizes that such a change will require thoughtful consideration about when such instruction should be part of curricula; that these shifts will demand new resources; and, resistance to adding another facet to teacher education programs is possible. Reinhardt investigates how six cooperating teachers understand their roles within contexts of clinical experiences using Vygotskian theory. Her qualitative study focused on four female and two male teacher mentors in a diverse school district and examined how the cooperating teachers understand their role in a clinical experience as contrasted with the reality of teachers' everyday work. Based on analyses of observation and interview data, profiles of each participant were developed. The results indicate that the role of a cooperating teacher in working with teacher candidates at a clinical site creates a "contradiction to their role" (p. 15) that leads to an overemphasis on technical aspects of teaching. Reinhardt argues for changing how cooperating teachers and university faculty interact and maintains that cooperating teachers should "come along side" (p. 27) university faculty to increase opportunities to co-construct knowledge about roles and expectations for mentoring teacher interns. Such efforts call for crossing boundaries by both teachers and faculty to resist traditional epistemological roles whereby universities own knowledge, and teachers merely show candidates the technical aspects of instruction. International student teaching is increasing at many institutions, and Mathews' timely qualitative research develops case studies with three secondary teachers who completed their student teaching in


In this paper, a fast thinning method for fingerprint image by separating end and bifurcation region is proposed. To detect feature points in automatic fingerprint identification system, thinning of fingerprint is essential. The end and bifurcation regions in ridge line are separated by means of run-length coding, and parallel thinning method is applied to the separated regions. The rest parts except the end and bifurcation regions are processed by connecting center points of each run. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated by CPU processing time and thinness measurement. By the experimental results, the proposed method is fast and has high thinness value.


This paper considers fault tolerant control for systems with polytopic uncertainties and unknown interval time varying delay. Sliding mode technique is used for both controller and observer design. For the controller embedding the observer states the sliding surface is always bounded by the error dynamics. The accuracy of fault reconstruction depends not only on disturbance but the plant and observer states, as well as the error dynamics, which is used to reconstruct the fault. The proposed method tries to reduce the ultimate bound of the overall system to improve both control and fault reconstruction performance. The method is applied to AFR control of a gasoline engine. A nonlinear simulation of the model is used to verify the its effectiveness.


Purpose: Nyaruguru is the most southerly district in Rwanda, lying between the cities of Butare and Cyangugu and along the Burundian border. It is mountainous, containing part of the montane forest of Nyungwe, one of Rwanda's most popular tourist destinations. Innovation and adoption of new technologies in agriculture is one of the keys that should reduce poverty in that area. The aim of this study is to analyse the factors influencing farmer's adoption of organic coffee production practices in Rwanda.
Methodology: This study employed a cross-sectional survey design and a multi-stage sampling technique to select a sample for this study. However, a total sample size of 150 respondents was used. The functional form of the stochastic frontier production (or cost) model employed for this study is the Cobb-Douglas (C-D) functional form. In the analysis, descriptive statistics and a Tobit model were used with the help of STATA.
Findings: The study found out that appropriate seeds and planting material is one of the most important factors in production. The findings of logit regression analysis also indicated that four factors such as education level, land size, farming experience, gender and enhanced soil fertility had positive and significant influence on adoption of organic coffee production practices. The demand for organic products creates new export opportunities. The market returns from organic agriculture can potentially contribute to local food security by increasing family incomes.
Conclusion: The study conclude that the most common constraints to adoption of organic coffee production practices were lack stable and reliable market, high cost of inputs, lack of extension services, and inadequate capital.
Recommendations: The study recommended that efforts aiming at promoting organic coffee production practices among smallholder's farmers should focus on enhancement of farmer-awareness, provision of training and technical advice on organic farming practices. This can be achieved through agricultural extension services and developing information networks among farmers. Also, the government should strive to improve extension services through field visit and strive to stabilize coffee markets.


This chapter sets out the historical, political and administrative system in which Jordan's decentralisation reform process is taking place. It places the approval of the 2015 Decentralisation Law and Municipality in the broader context of the democratisation process over the last decade and discusses the objective of the reform with a view to the economic (e.g. achieving economic resilience and a more balanced development across the country) and social (e.g. a young, diverse and dispersed population) realities. By referring to King Abdullah II's vision of a political development process that starts at the grassroots level and key provisions in Jordan 2025, the Chapter carves out the leitmotif of the reform that is to improve economic conditions, deliver quality public services and encourage local economic development driven by a new culture of popular participation at the subnational levels of government.


Chinese stock market is not perfect,often volatile,investors mimic each other's behavior is very common,stock markets follow on one after another,snap up the alignment drop phenomenon abound.This phenomenon in the theory of behavioral finance known as "herd behavior".Using the theory of behavioral finance,on its interpretation and analysis of the characteristics of herd behavior,and to make appropriate proposals to promote the stable and healthy development of China's Fund industry and the stock market.


Conflict of interest: non-existent Upon instituting the Stork Network, the Brazilian Ministry of Health has secured and strengthened a comprehensive care to the newborn at risk, based on principles of quality and humanized care, such as good practices of breastfeeding support and large investments in maternity hospitals which are reference in the country, guaranteeing Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) beds and Kangaroo beds2. Preterm infants with gestational age below 28 weeks have been showing increasing survival, despite the forced development of their nervous system under non-physiological and frequently adverse conditions 3. For this population, in addition to the gastrointestinal maturity, the synchrony between sucking, swallowing and breathing is essential for successful oral feeding 4,5. When compared with term infants, breastfeeding of preterm babies is more difficult to be established and maintained. This may be explained " INTRODUCTION


This paper addresses two different railway planning tools that a consultant has developed for Dutch railway companies. Both tools are based on a sophisticated use of operations research techniques and provide living examples of the power of mathematical modeling when applied to railway planning problems.


Introduction: Emergency department (ED) revisits are an important indication of health-care quality provided by a hospital. In the West, ED revisits rate range from 2.9% to 4.9%. However, data from India are lacking, and hence. this study was done. Methodology: This retrospective observational study was done in a 45-bedded ED of a teaching hospital in South India. All the patients who revisited the ED within 72 hours over a 1-year period were considered. The revisit was categorized as unavoidable if the patient was diagnosed correctly and managed appropriately during the first visit or if the patient presented with an unrelated illness within 72 hours. Results: The ED revisit rate was 0.8% (549/65,900). The monthly revisit rates ranged from 0.50% to 1.91%. About 57.9% were initially categorized as priority 3, 33.9% as priority 2, and 8.3% as priority 1 patients. During the revisit, 41.6% were priority 3 patients, 44.3% were priority 2 patients, and 13.7% were priority 1 patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation were the most common initial presenting complaints seen in 36% of the patients followed by fever (15.3%). A majority (75%) of these patients were initially discharged by the ED registrars. More than half (55.2%) of the revisits were avoidable. During the second visit, 58% were discharged in a stable condition, 31.7% were admitted to the hospital, and 4.8% died in the ED. Conclusion: ED revisits are associated with significant distress to the patients and more than half of them can be avoided.


Mechanical-Hydraulic Confined Piston Engine has urgent application requirements in engineering machinery and urban vehicle.Collaborative simulation is very useful for understanding its performance and structrual design optimization.This paper proposes a WEB-based distributed problem solving environment MCS,which will be very effective for distributed modeling and simulation,and also support the cooperation on network.The MCS contains three layers:web client presentation interface,computing solver servers and system management server.All contained in the components of this three layers can be worked by an object-oriented approach-Java implementation.The effectivity of MCS was tested by the performance simulation of MHCPE,and all function normally run,the efficiency improves 233%.


Abstract : Di-n-butylphthalate (DBP), an organic ester, is primarily used as a plasticizer during the preparation of explosive mixtures. It is abundantly found in the wastewater generated from DBP production plants and munitions manufacturing facilities and at concentrations high enough to create a serious environmental problem. This compound is also listed as a priority pollutant by the USEPA. In this research, the aerobic biodegradation of DBP was studied using several Pseudomonas species as well as mixed bacterial cultures in a batch reactor under suspended growth conditions. The work presented in this paper is part of a broader investigation on the biodegradability of gun propellant components. Initial screening experiments, performed in shaker flasks at 30 degrees C on a gyratory shaker rotating at 200 rpm, indicated that Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas resinovorans, and Pseudomonas cepacia can all degrade DBP as a sole carbon source. However, Pseudomonas putida exhibited higher degradation rates compared to the other two species. In addition to pure bacterial species, mixed cultures obtained from an activated sludge system were found to degrade DBP in the absence of any external carbon sources. A number of batch degradation experiments were performed using different initial concentrations of DBP in order to study the rates of degradation of the compound by Pseudomonas putida and activated sludge. The temperature was set at 30 degrees C and the pH was maintained at approximately 7 during the course of the experiment. The higher rate of destruction observed during the kinetic studies suggest that biodegradation is a viable option for the treatment of DBP-containing wastewater.


According to the lingua-cultural approach concept is interpreted as a dynamic functional system capable of self-development and self-organisation while its functioning. Functionality of a concept as a system reflects its capacity to show new features of its representatives and to acquire dominant or peripheral properties of its components (kernel periphery).


Objective
To investigate the effect of preoperative play intervention during anesthesia induction in children.

Methods
Totally 120 children who met the inclusion criteria undergoing elective surgery divided into control group (n=60) and study group (n=60) by random number table. The study group admitted to the anesthesia induction room, and performed therapeutic play nursing intervention on the children for 60 minutes before the operation. The children in the control group were admitted to the general preoperative waiting room for 60 minutes before the operation, and they were subjected to routine nursing intervention. The children′s anxiety was assessed using modified Yale Perioperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) when the children entered the operating room before the intervention and during anesthesia induction; the children′s compliance with anesthesia induction was assessed using the Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC) . Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAED) score was used to observe emergence agitation. The vital signs of the two groups were observed before and after intervention.

Results
There was no significant difference in the mYPAS score between the study group (32.23±4.71) points and the control group (31.58±3.72) points (P>0.05). The mYPAS score (31.92±4.03) points was lower in the study group than in the control group (59.76±5.14) points (t=-33.016, P<0.01). The ICC score of the study group (1.55±0.76) points was lower than the control group (3.04±0.62) points. The PAED score of the study group (4.76±0.92) points was lower than the control group (7.52±1.36) points (t=11.767, -13.020, P<0.05). The systolic blood pressure (96.25±3.06) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), diastolic blood pressure (59.39±2.77) mmHg, heart rate (118.37±15.26) times/min, and respiratory (29.75±3.17) times/min in the study group were lower than the control group (103.46±3.21) mmHg, (62.72±2.94) mmHg, (124.58±16.41) times/min, (34.81±2.96) times/min (t=12.593, 6.385, 2.146, 9.037, P<0.05) .

Conclusion
Preoperative play intervention for children before anesthesia induction can reduce the anxiety and fear level of children, and the children′s compliance of anesthesia is improved, and reduce the incidence of agitation during recovery.

Key words:
Play intervention; Anxiety; Compliance; Surgical care


Since more than 30 years, satellites as relay of telecommunication or as instruments for earth observation, takes part into the transformation of our vision of the territories we act in or we represent as well. Its specific value is difficult to define or prove. Its contribution stayed mostly unknown for a large range of people. It is embedded within complex things-like phone communications, networks, digital models-, masked by various social operators like scientist-i.e. climatologist-, or public institutions like IGN, IFREMER or Meteo France. Looking for tools to help public decider to appreciate the value of satellite missions for earth observation, CNES – Centre National d'Etudes spatiales-open a reflection about the value of space data for the society. Crossing Epistemology, sociology, Science Studies and innovation this reflection faces the concept of « territory ». This paper draws lines for a research agenda on « satellite and territory ». We assume that a territory could be defined as something built by people to interact with environment.


The presence of heavy metals in environment is one of the most dangerous types of pollution. The damaging effect of increased quantities of heavy metals that was determined in plants and other wildlife was also known from earlier days, but in a last few decades there is a lot of attention to this problem. Heavy metals that are found in the soil can, practically, stay there permanently; inhibiting processes of mineralization, synthesis of different substances in the soil, and can be embedded in food chain through plants. We have researched presence of heavy metals - led, cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil next to the highway and in control variant- soil sample taken from certain distance from this same highway. We have determined presence of these metals in both soil samples from both locations. Quantities of led and chromium is lower in soil next to the highway, while cadmium and manganese quantities are higher in this than the control sample. .


1 The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU or its membership. This version of the report has been edited for the purposes of the case study programme. A full version of the report can be obtained from the authors at .firstname.lastname@example.com.


The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) typically optimizes variational parameters in a quantum circuit to prepare eigenstates for a quantum system. Its application to many problems may involve a group of Hamiltonians, e.g., a Hamiltonian of a molecule is a function of the nuclear configurations. In this paper we incorporate derivatives of the Hamiltonian into the VQE and develop some hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, which explore both Hamiltonian and wave-function spaces for solving quantum chemistry problems more efficiently. For geometry optimization, we propose a mutual gradient-descent algorithm that updates the parameters of the Hamiltonian and wave function alternately, which can give a rapid convergence towards equilibrium structures of molecules as demonstrated in numerical simulations. Moreover, to speed up the calculation of the energy potential surface, we establish differential equations that govern how the optimized variational parameters of the wave function change with the intrinsic parameters of the Hamiltonian. Our study suggests a direction for a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for solving quantum systems more efficiently by considering spaces of both the Hamiltonian and the wave function.


Two studies by the Telescope Array group related to the hadronic interaction observed with Extensive Air Showers are reviewed. (1) Inelastic p-air cross section $ \sigma _{p - air}^{inel} = 567.0 \pm 70.5\,[{\rm{stat]}}_{ - 25}^{ + 29} [{\rm{sys}}]\,{\rm{mb}} $ and total p-p cross section $ \sigma _{p - p}^{tot} = 170_{ - 44}^{ + 48} [{\rm{stat}}]_{ - 17}^{ + 19} [{\rm{sys}}]\,{\rm{mb}} $ were determined using the 5 years of TA hybrid data with one of the 3 FD stations. These results at the highest energy $ \sqrt {S_{NN} } = 95\,{\rm{TeV}} $ showed good agreements with the extrapolation from the previous measurements and model predictions. (2) The signal sizes of SD were compared between data and MC using 7 years of TA SD data in the energy range from 1018.8 eV to 1019.2 eV. It was found that the data/MC ratios exceed unity and the deviation becomes larger when the expected fraction of muon signal, defined as muon purity P, is higher. The results support the muon excess (with respect to MC) problem reported by the previous observations.


The research for logic metric is an important part of approximate reasoning.Firstly,based on the method of probability measure,this paper introduces the concept of probability truth degrees and its general expression in unevenly probability space.Secondly,it obtaines the similarity degree between two formulas on a residuated lattice in terms of L-fuzzy similarity.And the character properties are discussed in four types of n-valued logic systems based on the left-continuous t-norms.Lastly,a pseudo-distance is introduced by means of probability truth degree.Then it can provide a kind of inference frame for the approximate reasoning theory.


Background and Objectives Autoantibodies against the neuronally secreted protein leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) cause the most common subtype of autoimmune limbic encephalitis associated with seizures and memory deficits. LGI1 and its receptor ADAM22 are part of a transsynaptic protein complex that includes several proteins involved in presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic glutamate sensing. Autoantibodies against LGI1 increase excitatory synaptic strength, but studies that genetically disrupt the LGI1-ADAM22 complex report a reduction in postsynaptic glutamate receptor-mediated responses. Thus, the mechanisms underlying the increased synaptic strength induced by LGI1 autoantibodies remain elusive, and the contributions of presynaptic molecules to the LGI1-transsynaptic complex remain unclear. We therefore investigated the presynaptic mechanisms that mediate autoantibody-induced synaptic strengthening. Methods We studied the effects of patient-derived purified polyclonal LGI1 autoantibodies on synaptic structure and function by combining direct patch-clamp recordings from presynaptic boutons and somata of hippocampal neurons with super-resolution light and electron microscopy of hippocampal cultures and acute brain slices. We also identified the protein domain mediating the presynaptic effect using domain-specific patient-derived monoclonal antibodies. Results LGI1 autoantibodies dose-dependently increased short-term depression during high-frequency transmission, consistent with increased release probability. The increased neurotransmission was not related to presynaptic calcium channels, as presynaptic Cav2.1 channel density, calcium current amplitude, and calcium channel gating were unaffected by LGI1 autoantibodies. In contrast, application of LGI1 autoantibodies homogeneously reduced Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 channel density on the surface of presynaptic boutons. Direct presynaptic patch-clamp recordings revealed that LGI1 autoantibodies cause a pronounced broadening of the presynaptic action potential. Domain-specific effects of LGI1 autoantibodies were analysed at the soma, where polyclonal LGI1 autoantibodies and patient-derived monoclonal autoantibodies targeting the Epitempin-domain but not the Leucin rich repeat-domain induced action potential broadening. Discussion Our results indicate that LGI1 autoantibodies do not affect calcium channel density or function, but reduce the density of both Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 on presynaptic boutons, thereby broadening the presynaptic action potential and increasing neurotransmitter release. This study provides a molecular explanation for the neuronal hyperactivity induced by LGI1 autoantibodies.


In this paper, we use Kalman filtering to improve inverse solutions for BCI applications. The algorithm is tested on EEG data from the BCI 2003 competition. The aim of this work is to improve the spatial resolution of the EEGs using the inverse model and take profit of their excellent time resolution with the Kalman filter. Preliminary results show a 4% improvement with our additionnal Kalman filtering


In this issue of Translational Cancer Research , He et al . have intensively discussed our recent diabetes publication titled " Novel lncRNA Erbb4-IR promotes diabetic kidney injury in db/db mice by targeting miR-29b ". We appreciate the insightful comments from the experts and would like to share our opinions here.


Matrix (MC) and indirect matrix (IMC) converters are direct three-phase to three-phase power converters providing variable frequency and amplitude control of their output voltage. These converters are compact solutions which can be used on industrial adjustable speed drive applications for induction motors. This paper deals with the comparison of the matrix and indirect matrix converter silicon losses for classical industrial applications with constant RMS current load (similar to a constant motor torque). The indirect matrix converter control is extracted from the matrix converter modulation so as to ensure identical instantaneous modulation. Furthermore, the chosen modulation strategy reduces the IMC losses by allowing zero-current switching on the IMC rectifier stage. This paper presents a new reduced losses modulation adapted for indirect converter based on a modified matrix converter modulation which reduces switching voltage step level during a pulse width modulation period. The losses simulations shows that the power losses peak value is about 20% smaller for the matrix compared to the indirect converter. Hence, the matrix cooling system can be significantly reduced compared to the indirect one. The modified modulation increases the number of gate drivers required from six to twelve in the indirect converter rectifier side in comparison with the classical DPWM modulation, but allows to obtain a 14% decrease of its average losses compared to the classical modulation.


gold; and there is no reason to doubt that in many contexts, most of the time, this gold found its way back to Constantinople as tax. But we have very little idea of how this actually occurred, and there are several equally valid, but equally hypothetical, alternatives to the model suggested by W. Compulsory purchase on a large scale will almost certainly have been one of them; and this hardly counts as a truly market relationship. But this is to re-open a complex debate, and W. has at least emphasised the fact that the assumptions of many of the older works which have attained "text-book" status need substantial revision. The question of the imperial system of precedence is another area in which W. presents a sensible synthesis, although in fact he might have stressed also a point made some time ago by Winkelmann (in a work which is cited), that the hierarchy as it appears in the so-called taktika or lists of precedence may to a large extent be illusory until the tenth century: status and position depended less on title and rank alone than on physical and other connections with the imperial court. There are many other contentious themes, of course, and the author is quite aware of the fact that any synthesis or selective interpretation will — and indeed should raise both new questions and provoke disagreement and, therefore, further discussion. Thus the whole issue of the origins of iconoclasm is dealt with very briefly and is, perhaps, a little too easily explained (involving what is in effect a partial revival of the old notion of Islamic influence, albeit of an indirect nature in this respect through the influence of refugees from Syria and Palestine in the later seventh and early eighth centuries): the fact that the status and authority of holy relics, closely associated with the cult of saints and with holy images, were themselves a serious issue for debate and disagreement in the later seventh century, is not mentioned, for example. It is not possible to deal with all the issues which this book raises in a brief review, of course. There are some minor issues such as in the system of transliterating Greek names, for example (why, if one is trying to render Greek names with k and 0 instead of using Latinate forms, do we read Procopios on p. 188, or the even uglier Potphyrogenitos instead of either Porphyrogenitus or Porphyrogennetos at p. xxii?), and some minor errors which should not have escaped attention (e.g. kteterologion instead of kletowlogion throughout, as well as in the index); but these are, in the end, minor blemishes. This is a welcome publication from a competent scholar who has tried to present in a relatively compact format an extremely complex set of developments. As a predominantly political history it tells only a part of the story, it is true. But it is well executed, readable, and reliable. It will be a useful textbook survey for students, and a helpful general account for researchers. It is a valuable addition to the available literature on Byzantium in the period from the seventh to the eleventh century.


Pole assignment of the first order generalized distributed parameter control systems with multi-observers are discussed via functional analysis and operator theory in Hilbert space. The solutions of the problem and the constructive expression of the solutions are given by the generalized inverse one of bounded linear operator. This research is theoretically important for studying the feedback control and pole assignment of the generalized distributed parameter control systems.


Elements of a Transcriptional Unit � . Mapping Transcriptional Units .. Promoters . Transcriptional Unit Complexity . FORMATION OF THE PRIMARY TRANSCRIPT .


The book offers a compelling argument as to why some national secession campaigns succeed in winning international attention to the point where the country acquires de facto statehood. Drawing from...


Crisp winter days are often my favourite days. The day didn't quite start like that though a few spots of rain as we approached the church didn't give us a hint of the downpour that was about to occur. Fortunately, everyone was safe and dry inside the...


Abstract. Chowdhury TA, Lasker SS, Dyer PH (Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham UK). Comparison of secondary prevention measures after myocardial infarction in subjects with and without diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 1999; 245: 565–570.


At present,China is still teaching Vocal Music follows the more common types of the quot;one-on-onequot;type of individual face-to-face teaching mode guidance.Although this models for our culture a large number of vocal music educators,but also to some extent,Vocal Music restricts the development of education.Therefore,to explore new teaching methods,the formation of a variety of teaching approaches to improve the quality of teaching vocal music,vocal music to promote the development of education is very necessary.


High levels of bass sound have been shown to stimulate the part of the brain that controls such basic instincts as sexual desire and hunger [Todd, 2000]. In rock and pop music, the bass frequencies from 40‐125 Hz get amplified to very loud levels. Easily half of the electrical power of the PA and monitor system goes to these 1.5 octaves. A recent survey [Adelman‐Larsen et al., 2007] showed that the most important subjective parameter for a rock and pop music hall to score a high rating was 'bass clarity' which correlated with a coefficient of 0.74 to 'overall impression'. Informal discussions with audio engineers and bass players give the perspective that artificial reverberation is rarely, if ever, added to bass‐frequencies. In fact the ideal hall should be as dry as possible at low‐frequencies. In the mid‐treble frequency range, sound absorption, and thereby 'clarity', is easily obtained through the presence of the audience that absorbs 4‐6 times more mid/high frequency sound energy than bass sound ener...


The causes of peripheral neuropathy are varied, encompassing inflammation, nerve compression, laceration or entrapment and exposure to toxins. These are not mutually exclusive and the mechanisms behind such neuropathies are incompletely understood. However, numerous studies have shown that at sites of neural inflammation, or neuritis, a sensitivity to mechanical stimulation is induced in intact, through-conducting axons. Such changes in axonal excitability are of considerable clinical importance because they may explain the typical presentation – of radiating pain evoked by mechanical tension of affected nerves – by patients suffering from common chronically painful conditions. This pain is sometimes elicited by neurologists in the outpatient clinic and is called the Hoffmann-Tinel sign. Dilley & Bove in a recent paper in The Journal of Physiology investigate a possible mechanism for explaining such neuritic axonal mechanical sensitivity (AMS) in a rat model. The authors use an integrative approach, combining electrophysiological, immunohistochemical and histological cellular methods to test their hypothesis that disruption of fast axonal transport by localized neuritis is sufficient to cause the accumulation, and subsequent membrane insertion, of mechanosensitive ion channels. This hypothesis builds on previous studies from other research groups that suggest that the rapid inflammatory mediator, histamine, disrupts axonal transport and that, at least in the monkey, the requisite components for mechanical sensitivity are transported by fast axonal transport. Dilley & Bove (2008) essentially ask whether this link, between inflammation, mechanical sensitivity and fast axonal transport, suggested by amalgamating individual conclusions from previous literature, is valid and causal.


We have determined the quartz crystal thickness for dual-wavelength waveplate to maximize the intensity of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). The CARS intensity with incident orthogonally polarized beams was 99.0% when excited with parallel polarization.


Abstract
In 18 months the Canadian Medical Discoveries Fund (CMDF) has attracted investments worth $180 million to spend on biotechnology and medical research. Although eight initial investments totalled only $9.7 million, Dr. Cal Stiller, chair and CEO of the fund's management corporation, says there are many good Canadian-based technology firms and research projects that merit investment. Examples include a London, Ont., firm that is bringing a 3-D ultrasound-imaging system to market, and world-class genetics research at the University of Ottawa. However, the federal government recently changed tax rules for venture-capital funds, making them less attractive to investors. How will this affect the effort to build a health-research industry in Canada?


This concluding chapter synthesizes in a strong idea the core notions of this book and condenses in a final claim the position that it takes. The book analyzes the challenges which are currently present in the field of human rights, such as: globalization, multiculturalism, universal criminal jurisdiction, the role of sovereignty, international terrorism, wars, and advances in biotechnology and the Internet. International terrorism today forms a serious threat for the security of our world. But that does not justify defense at the cost of damaging fundamental freedoms, conquered by the rule of law. In this environment it is completely necessary for human rights to rise up as arbitrators in the world sphere in order to prevent any type of abuses. Peace, the defense of the environment, and so many other prospects are only feasible in today's world if governments, international organizations and civil society collaborate on a global scale.Keywords: globalization; human rights; international terrorism; multiculturalism; sovereignty; universal criminal jurisdiction


A chick bioassay procedure1 has been used to determine the relative potency of several animal protein concentrates based on live-weight gains, food conversion efficiency (FCE) or nitrogen retention. In general, the assays were statistically valid and the majority had 95% fiducial limits as narrow as 88–114%. Expressing response as FCE or nitrogen retention did not give better precision than using weight gain alone. The results showed that there are wide differences in available methionine and SAA in fish meals marketed under same the name.


The present study was conducted to describe the epidemiological characteristics of malignant astrocytoma in Morocco. This is a descriptive retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed and treated for astrocytoma between 2000 and 2004 at Al Azhar Oncology Center in Rabat. During the period of study, there were 27 cases diagnosed with astrocytoma at Al Azhar Oncology Center, accounting for 15.3% of all brain tumors reported during this period. Astrocytomas were more common among males than females, with a male-female ratio of 1.25. The average age at diagnosis was 48.3 ± 14.6 years (range 10-80 years). The risk of developing the disease is associated with age, 73.1% of cases were diagnosed in patients aged 40-59 years. Among the cases for whom the outcome was known, 11 (40.7%) died during the study period, accounting for 50% of all brain tumor deaths. The most recent estimates of astrocytoma incidence and mortality in the world reveal sharp differences between developed and developing countries possibly related to missed opportunities for early diagnosis and incomplete reporting of astrocytoma in Africa.


Experiments which have been under way at the Kansas Station for ten years show that there is a definite relation between the date of planting corn and injury by corn-ear worm, Heliothis obsolete Fabr., As a rule, the date of minimum car worm injury and maximum yields coincide. The problem has been studied from several angles and these are discussed briefly in this paper.


Surgery in the oral and maxillofacial areas can be complex, given the degree of innervations and blood supply. When oral implants are involved in reconstruction, the three-dimensional (3D) placement of these implants is critical to a successful outcome, both functionally and aesthetically. Increasingly, guided surgery can significantly enhance our treatment efficacy. Surgical navigation for implant placement can now be utilized to avoid damage to critical neurovascular bundles and nasal and maxillary sinuses, as well as creating the proper emergence profiles for aesthetic implant reconstruction.


Background: When conducting population-genetic and genetic-epidemiological studies, the endogamy index should be taken into account to assess the level of the elementary population, characteristics of the migration activity of the population and the degree of isolation of the population. The aim of the study: To assess the level of endogamy among the entire population of the Belgorod region in the modern period of time. Materials and methods: Based on 11052 marriage records of the Registry Office in the Belgorod region for 2016-2018, the endogamy index was studied among the entire population in all administrative units of the Belgorod region – 21 districts. The endogamy index was calculated on the basis of data on the place of birth of spouses, as the proportion of husbands and wives born in a given population. Results: It was found that in the district populations of the Belgorod region, the endogamy index at the district level varied from 0.33 to 0.68 with an average value for the region of 0.46, which is within the range of variability of this indicator among the Russian populations of the Russian Federation. At present, the endogamy of regional populations, which include big and large cities, exceeds this indicator among the rural population. For highly urbanized districts of the region, the size of the elementary population corresponds to the administrative boundaries of the district, while for the rural population, the size of the elementary population exceeds the boundaries of the district. It should be noted that the reduced values of this indicator for the rural population correspond to general migration trends. An increase in the inflow of migrants to the regional populations of the Belgorod region leads to a decrease in the endogamy index, as evidenced by the established inverse correlations between the number of migrants per 1000 inhabitants over three time periods (1990, 2000, and 2019) and the endogamy index. Conclusion: The populations of the Belgorod region are characterized by high migration activity, which leads to a decrease in the level of endogamy among the population. At present, the size of the elementary population in the Belgorod region corresponds to the area or slightly exceeds it.


The petroleum industry is one of the most rapidly developing industries and is projected to grow faster in the coming years. The recent environmental activities and global requirements for cleaner methods are pushing the petroleum refining industries for the use of green techniques and industrial wastewater treatment. Petroleum industry wastewater contains a broad diversity of contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, oil and grease, phenol, ammonia, sulfides, and other organic composites, etc. All of these compounds within discharged water from the petroleum industry exist in an extremely complicated form, which is unsafe for the environment. Conventional treatment systems treating refinery wastewater have shown major drawbacks including low efficiency, high capital and operating cost, and sensitivity to low biodegradability and toxicity. The advanced oxidation process (AOP) method is one of the methods applied for petroleum refinery wastewater treatment. The objective of this work is to review the current application of AOP technologies in the treatment of petroleum industry wastewater. The petroleum wastewater treatment using AOP methods includes Fenton and photo-Fenton, H2O2/UV, photocatalysis, ozonation, and biological processes. This review reports that the treatment efficiencies strongly depend on the chosen AOP type, the physical and chemical properties of target contaminants, and the operating conditions. It is reported that other mechanisms, as well as hydroxyl radical oxidation, might occur throughout the AOP treatment and donate to the decrease in target contaminants. Mainly, the recent advances in the AOP treatment of petroleum wastewater are discussed. Moreover, the review identifies scientific literature on knowledge gaps, and future research ways are provided to assess the effects of these technologies in the treatment of petroleum wastewater.


The aim of this study was to investigate the compositional, rheological and organoleptical characteristics of Labneh made by ultrafiltration as affected by partial substitution of milk solids with whey protein concentrate powder (WPCP). Labneh based on 26% total solids (TS) and 0.5% NaCl was made from buffaloes' milk retentate concentrated by ultrafiltration. The milk solids in the retentate was partially substituted with WPCP at the levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The results indicated that the fat and lactose contents as well as pH values of Labneh decreased with increasing the ratio of WPCP. However, the protein content, ash, titratable acidity (%)increased with increasing the added amount of WPCP. The Labneh consistency coefficient and the yield stress were obviously increased as the level of WPCP increased. During cold storage of Labneh, its acidity and diacetyle contents increased up to 21 days, while acetaldehyde content increased up to 7 days of cold storage then decreased thereafter. Organoleptically, the Labneh quality was improved by adding WPCP with all of the examined levels, and remained acceptable during cold storage up to 21 days. Thus, milk solids in UF buffaloe's milk retentate could be substituted by WPCP at level of 30% in Labneh made with acceptable quality at lower cost.


We study the metric $s$--$t$ path traveling salesman problem (TSP). An, Kleinberg, and Shmoys [Proceedings of the 44th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 2012, pp. 875--886] improved on the long-standing $\frac{5}{3}$-approximation factor and presented an algorithm that achieves an approximation factor of $\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\approx1.61803$. Later, Sebo [Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization, 2013, pp. 362--374] further improved the approximation factor to $\frac{8}{5}$. We present a simple, self-contained analysis that unifies both results; our main contribution is a unified correction vector. Additionally, we compare two different linear programming (LP) relaxations of the $s$--$t$ path TSP, namely, the path version of the Held--Karp LP relaxation for the TSP and a weaker LP relaxation, and we show that both LPs have the same (fractional) optimal value. Also, we show that the minimum cost of integral solutions of the two LPs are within a factor of $...


n Levi-Strauss's distinction of hot and cold societies, when it comes to the ques-tion of the causation of the divergences, the different strands of analysis all point to one specific phenomenon. In non-li- terate, so-called "primitive", non-civilized or non-industrial societies, interpersonal communication is more proximate and more immediate than in modern societies where, by contrast, relationships between indi-viduals in literally every sphere of modern social life – whether interpersonal, administrative, or political – are intermediate rather than immediate, in as much as they are at least mediated through written documents.Our relationship with our own past is a similarly indi-rect and mediated experience, accessed through the written archive and administrative machinery, which undoubtedly vastly extend our contacts but at the same time, unlike a living oral tradition, give those contacts


Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of intravenous levofloxacin 00 mg once-daily in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Methods A randomized controlled clinical study was carried out in LRTI patients. Patients were treated with intravenous levofloxacin 500 mg once-daily for 10~14 days in experimental group,and levofloxacin 300 mg twice-daily for 10~14 days in control group. Results 65 patients were enrolled this study,62 patients were evaluable,30 cases were in experimental group,32 cases were in control group. The demographic data,the diagnosis and the period of treatment were no statistical differences between the two groups,however,the dosage of treatment in experimental group was lower than that of control group(P0.05). Total effective rates,clinical cure rates and bacterial eradication rates were 93.3%(28/30),80.0%(24/30) and 92.6%(25/27) in experimental group,90.6%(29/32),78.1%(25/32) and 89.3%(2/28) in control group respectively. The clinical adverse effect rates in the two groups were 18.8%(6/32) and 18.2%(6/33) respectively. There were no statistical differences between the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion The regimen of levofloxacin 600 mg once-eaily is as effective as levofloxacin 300 mg twice-daily in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections,and the adverse effects are mild and tolerable.


It's really awesome for we are not in a national park or a zoo but on the open plains of Kitengela. And the shift in worlds is even more dramatic it takes half an hour to drive from Nairobi's industrial area roundabout, past Athi and Kitengela towns and then to these plains that are the dispersal area for the animals that move in and out of Nairobi National Park. But then Nairobi is part of the ancient Maasai land and because of their tolerance towards wildlife, we house the only national park next to a city anywhere in the world, where the wildlife freely migrate in and out of the park, following the rains and the grass route.


Randomness of threshold voltage (VT) variations of negative channel field effect transistors (NFETs) and positive channel field effect transistors (PFETs) in the 65 nm technology is precisely examined. For this purpose, an ultralarge-scale device matrix array test element group (DMA-TEG) that contains 1 million single-size metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) has been designed and fabricated, and a very rapid measurement system has been developed. By evaluating VT of a very large number of MOSFETs, VT variation can be precisely evaluated. This rapid measurement is achieved by parallel address signal input, optimization of the measurement program, and 4-chip parallel measurements. The measured VT variations are decomposed into random and systematic components. The results reveal that the random component is overwhelmingly dominant in the VT variations in the 65 nm technology and that the VT variations exhibit a normal distribution up to ±5σ.


A review of legal perspectives on the competence and rights of adolescents points to special counseling dilemmas that arise in serving young women. Attention is directed toward professional social work responses that would enhance the privacy rights of adolescent women.


The invention discloses an exercise device for golf, comprising a struck body which is struck by a golf club, a hanging rod which is connected with the struck body and a bracket group which is connected with the hanging rod for hanging the struck body and used for the struck body to freely swing when the struck body is struck. The bracket group comprises a fixing device which is used for fixing the whole exercise device on the ground and a main support rod which is fixedly arranged above the fixing device; the hanging rod is movably connected with the main support rod via a fixing element; and an elastic reset component is further arranged between the upper end of the hanging rod and the main support rod. The device can be used in any space suitable for swing action and repeatedly used a plurality of times; when finishing striking, picking the ball is not needed, which realizes the same handfeel as striking real golf, and saves exercise time and expense; simultaneously, a sensor and a display device can be arranged so that exercise effect can be ensured; the swinging and striking power is increased under the function of the elastic reset component so that the exercisers efficiently exercise the muscles and can strike for a further distance while striking real golf.