The combustion process of one full-scale new-style liquid rocket engine was numerically simulated by using CFD methods.The effect rules of O/F equivalence ratio,the LOX spray initial drop size and the evaporation quality at LOX injector recess area on combustion oscillation of LOX/GH_2 engine were studied.The control effect of one-hub-and-three-blade injector baffle on combustion oscillation was investigated.Additionally,the combustion instability characteristic of LOX/GH_2 rocket engine was compared with that of LOX/CH_4 engine.Results show that there are specifically certain bounds of equivalence ratio,the LOX spray initial diameter,and the evaporation quality which can result in combustion instability more easily.The baffle can control the combustion instability.The high frequency oscillation appears in the LOX/GH_2 rocket engine,however,the low frequency oscillation appears in the LOX/CH_4 engine.


The biologically active compound podophyllotoxin can form host–guest complexes which contain two types of guests, i.e. water and a smaller organic molecule. Inclusion compounds which contain two podophyllotoxin and two water molecules per organic guest have been prepared with 15 different guests. They were found to crystallize in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit-cell dimensions a 10.3–10.6 A, b 17.3–17.8 A and c 25.8–26.1 A and one small organic molecule per asymmetric unit. The crystal structures have been determined from low-temperature X-ray diffraction data for the three complexes formed with bromobenzene, nitrobenzene, and racemic butan-2-ol, respectively. The crystal structures display a regular pattern of hydrogen bonds which connects the two crystallographically independent podophyllotoxin and water molecules. Water acts as a donor towards the oxo group from one podophyllotoxin and the hydroxy group from another podophyllotoxin molecule related by translational symmetry along the a-axis, and it accepts a hydrogen from the hydroxy group of a podophyllotoxin molecule which is crystallographically inequivalent. The arrangement leads to voids in the structure bound by the more hydrophobic part of six podophyllotoxin molecules (three of each type). These voids accommodate the smaller organic guests. Both the bromobenzene and the butan-2-ol complexes are disordered. Bromobenzene is found in a plane which contains the molecule in two orientations. The more populated (80%) has bromine in a volume, which corresponds to that containing the nitro group in the nitrobenzene complex. Partial resolution of butan-2-ol has been achieved in the inclusion complex. It contains 70% of the R-form and the less populated S-form (30%) is oriented in such a way that it shares the carbon chain with the R-form. The crystallographically independent podophyllotoxin molecules differ only in the relative orientation of their 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl groups.


A variety of combinations of fingerstock materials both before and after exposure to an accelerated atmospheric corrosion environment was tested. The following materials/finishes were tested during this study: 304 stainless steel, passivated, MIL STD QQ-P-35B; 1010 steel, electroplated bright tin, 0.0003 in. nominal coating thickness, ASTM B545; 1010 steel, electroplated nickel 0.0005 in. nominal coating thickness, ASTMB689; 1010 steel, electroless nickel, 0.0005 in. coating thickness; 1010 steel, zinc-plated, 0.0005 in. plating thickness with yellow chromate conversion coating; 1010 steel, zinc-plated, 0.0002 in. minimum zinc thickness, with blue-bright chromate conversion coating; electrogalvanized steel, 0.0007 in. zinc thickness, with yellow chromate conversion coating; steel with hot-dipped aluminum-zinc (55:45) coating, 0.0008 in. coating thickness; 5052 aluminum, with yellow chromate conversion coating; and 5052 aluminum, with clear chromate conversion coating, ASTM B449, class 3. Metal panels were mated with beryllium copper fingerstock to make the joints typical of computer enclosure doors and panels. The finishes on the beryllium copper were: electroplated bright tin; electroplated bright nickel; electroplated tin-lead (60:40); and bright dip (a thin chromated conversion coating). The transfer impedance of the joint was used to measure the electrical performance and then the corrosion resistance of the conductive finishes.<<ETX>>


INTRODUCTION Titanium has many attractive properties and the use of titanium and its alloys can be greatly increased if a new and less expensive process for the production of pure titanium were developed. Electrolysis in a molten salt electrolyte is a possible way to produce titanium, and many attempts to develop an electrolysis process have been reported. Large cells and pilot plants have been run, but no commercial electrolysis production has been achieved. Of importance is the work by Ginatta [1] which resulted in the successful development of a pilot cell for the electrowinning of titanium from TiCl4 dissolved in a molten NaCl based electrolyte. A more recent approach is due to Fray et al. [2] who suggested a new electrolysis method, later known as the FFC Cambridge method. Similar methods have been proposed by Suzuki et. al [3] and Okabe and Waseda [4].


The invention relates to suspended ceramic or glass insulators used for power transmission lines in windy and sandy areas, in particular to an aerodynamic pollution-preventive suspended insulator which is formed by connecting a steel cap (1), an umbrella shirt (2) and a steel foot (3). The aerodynamic pollution-preventive suspended insulator is characterized in that the umbrella shirt (2) is composed of an upper-layer umbrella shirt (21) and a lower-layer umbrella shirt (23), radius of the upper-layer umbrella shirt (21) is greater than that of the lower-layer umbrella shirt (23), and a downward annular small umbrella edge (22) is arranged at the outer edge of the upper-layer umbrella shirt (21). The aerodynamic pollution-preventive suspended insulator has the advantages that the surface of the insulator is less prone to sand deposition in windy and sandy environment, so that pollution degree of the insulator is lowered; due to cooperation between a big umbrella and the small umbrella edge, bird dirt, ice and rainwater are difficult to realize bridge connection, and pollution flashover level of the insulator is improved; the insulator has certain elasticity for creepage distance design.


In the information age, tools for examining the validity of data are invaluable. Provenance is one such tool, and the PROV model proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium in 2013 offers a means of expressing provenance in a machine readable format. In this paper, we examine from a user's standpoint notions of provenance, the accessibility of the PROV model, and the general attitudes towards history and the verifiability of information in modern data society. We do this through the medium of an online-game designed to explore these issues and present the findings of the study along with a discussion of some of its implications.


The detection and characterization of tuberculosis along with the evaluation of tuberculosis lesion characteristics are challenging. To provide a solution for this multi-classification task, we performed a deep learning study that relied on the use of 3D Resnet and EfficientNet. With proper application of the provided masks, lung images were cropped, masked, and rearranged with different windowing. Stratified sampling for train/validation split and a balanced sampler in each batch sampler during training were used to address the data imbalance problem. A convolutional block attention model (CBAM) was used to add an attention mechanism in each block of the Resnet to further improve the performance of the convolutional neural network (CNN).


This article discusses the cultural basis and origins of the idea of this strategy from the point of view of China's traditional culture and historical development and analyzes the the reality of China's contemporary security as well as difficulties and prospects for carrying out its peaceful development strategy idea. [ISDP Asia Paper]. URL:[http://www.isdp.eu/images/stories/isdp-main-pdf/2012_wang_on-chinas-traditional-culture.pdf].


Though we have found these functions useful in many situations, they are something of a thorn in our side. They are difficult to differentiate, and difficult or impossible to integrate. We wouldn't know how to figure out or without our calculator. (And how does the calculator do / !Þ# "Þ$ sina b that, anyway?) Now we have a new kind of function: the power series. 0 B œ "  #B  $B  %B  &B  â a b # $ %


Summary This article addresses two separate but interlinked questions relating to India in Mughal times (sixteenth to early eighteenth century). First, the terms on which labour was rendered, taking perfect market conditions as standard; and, second, the perceptions of labour held by the higher classes and the labourers themselves. As to forms of labour, one may well describe conditions as those of an imperfect market. Slave labour was restricted largely to domestic service. Rural wage rates were depressed owing to the caste system and the "village community" mechanism. In the city, the monopoly of resources by the ruling class necessarily depressed wages through the market mechanism itself. While theories of hierarchy were dominant, there are indications sometimes of a tolerant attitude towards manual labour and the labouring poor among the dominant classes. What seems most striking is the defiant assertion of their status in relation to God and society made on behalf of peasants and workers in northern India in certain religious cults in the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries.


In the Arabidopsis genome seven ClC genes have been identified, including AtClCa and AtClCd that are involved in nitrate accumulation in the vacuole and cell expansion, respectively. The effect of NO 3-on H + and Cl - fluxes from leaf tissue of Arabidopsis was determined for wildtype and and AtClCd T-DNA insertion mutants. When leaf tissue of wildtype plants is exposed to increased levels of nitrate in the external medium the influx of protons and chloride ions is decreased. These effects are absent of much smaller in the AtClCd mutant plants These results are consistent with a function of the AtClCd protein as H + /anion antiporter.


An example belonging to the category where the first entry in a certain row of the Routh array vanishes is presented. The well-known e-method ceases to be applicable in this example.


For a problem of interval search on the Boolean cube, we study the asymptotic behaviour of the average search time in the class of balanced tree circuits on sequences of positive integers {ki } under the assumption that ki are cardinalities of databases. We show that the asymptotic behaviour may differ on different sequences. We give a complete description of the class of possible behaviours.


The role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to reliably differentiate tumor types and grades in pediatric cerebellar tumors is controversial. We aimed to clarify the discrepancy reported in previous articles.


Since the first Corpus Use and Learning to Translate (CULT) Conference in Bertinoro (Italy) in 1997, the usefulness of corpora for translators and trainee translators has been highlighted. From an initial approach where translators compiled ad hoc corpora in their hard drive for a subsequent study with lexical analysis software, there emerged a new trend towards the use of the Internet as corpus. In this second approach, the Web is perceived as a huge corpus which is accessed by means of online tools which produce monolingual wordlists and concordances from texts available from the Internet or pre-existing corpora, or by means of bilingual or multilingual concordancers displaying aligned texts from international institutions' parallel corpora. Bilingual concordancers and translation memories are widely used by translators and trainee translators because of the immediate translation solutions they offer, but these tools can restrain creativity by offering conventional solutions and eliminating layout and multimodal elements in texts. The aim of this article is to describe the exploitation of quality corpora in a scientific and technical translation course, focusing on texts on health translated from English into Spanish, and on terminological variation as a reflection of creativity in language.


We report the specific heat discontinuity, ΔC/Tc, at Tc = 28.2 K of a collage of single crystals of BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2 and compare the measured value of 38.5 mJ mol − 1 K − 2 with other iron pnictide and iron chalcogenide (FePn/Ch) superconductors. This value agrees well with the trend established by Bud'ko, Ni and Canfield, who found that for 14 examples of doped Ba1 − xKxFe2As2 and BaFe2 − xTMxAs2, where the transition metal TM = Co and Ni. We extend their analysis to include all the FePn/Ch superconductors for which ΔC/Tc is currently known and find and a = 0.083 mJ mol − 1 K − 4. A comparison with the elemental superconductors with Tc > 1 K and with A-15 superconductors shows that, contrary to the FePn/Ch superconductors, electron–phonon-coupled conventional superconductors exhibit a significantly different dependence of ΔC on Tc, namely . However ΔC/γTc appears to be comparable in all three classes (FePn/Ch, elemental and A-15) of superconductors with, for example, ΔC/γTc = 2.4 for BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2. A discussion of the possible implications of these phenomenological comparisons for the unconventional superconductivity believed to exist in the FePn/Ch is given.


Fueled by the success of large-scale file sharing applications, the peer-to-peer model is advancing as a powerful computing paradigm. However, peer-to-peer technology is still at an adolescent stage of development, due partly to the fact that network system designers do not fully understand the ramifications of designing large-scale peer-topeer systems. In this paper we present an analysis of peer-to-peer systems from a design perspective. In particular, we explore the concepts of decentralization, trust, and performance in a peer-to-peer context. Based on this analysis, we have designed and implemented Briefcase Connectivity, a general communication subsystem for a personal service environment, called sView. SView is a virtual briefcase that serves as a storage and execution environment for personalized, electronic services. Aided by JXTA technology, Briefcase Connectivity organizes sView briefcases into a largescale peer-to-peer network upon which services that require this network can be deployed. In addition, Briefcase Connectivity provides a simple networking interface that facilitates the design of many types of networked services, eliminating the need for service providers to design proprietary network architectures and networking primitives. This interface enables multiple sView services to access the network simultaneously and provides basic mechanisms for services to discover each other and communicate. Briefcase Connectivity continues the work of the OASIS group at SICS, whose goal is to provide end-users with a collaborative, open service environment. With Briefcase Connectivity in place, we hope to leverage the community of sView users, the ultimate purpose of which is to bring to the user a greater number of specialized services, to enable individual users to become service providers, and to simplify the propagation of cooperating services. Acknowledgments This work was funded by the HUMLE laboratory at SICS. I would like to thank my supervisors, Fredrik Espinoza and Dr. Arnold Pears, SICS, all the fine people in the HUMLE laboratory, and especially my wonderful fiancée, Katarina.


We describe the development and implementation of a full‐time mainstreaming initiative in one elementary school and its effects on the behaviors and perceptions of the special education teachers involved in the project. We discuss the cooperative teaming of special education teachers with classroom teachers and the model used to deliver literacy instruction (the Project READ/ Inquiring School Initiative model). Our focus is on the changing role of the special educators who moved from pullout to in‐class settings and on the identification of the issues that need to be addressed in this type of program change.


Based on the remarkable sensitivity enhancement effect of Co~(2+) on Cd,a new chemical vapor generation system of Cd-KBH_(4)-NaIO_(3)-HCl was developed for the determination of trace Cd in foodstuff samples by atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS).Under the optimized chemical and instrument conditions,the dosage of Co~(2+),as a signal enhancement reagent,was optimized.The interference from Cu,Ni,Zn,Mn,Au,Pt,Pd,Sb,Hg and Fe on the determination of Cd in this system and their elimination were also studied.The detection limit of the method is 0.035 μg/L for Cd.The method has been applied to the determination of trace Cd in national standard foodstuff samples and the results are in agreement with certified values with precision of 4.84% RSD(n=12).


A stochastic algorithm based on the Langevin equation has been recently proposed to simulate rarefied gas flows[1,2].Compared with the direct simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC)method[3],the Langevin method is more efficient in simulating small Knudsen number flows[4].While it is well-known that the cel...


(PDE-5) inhibition. Horm Metab Res 2013; 45: 556–560. 7 Ho JE, Arora P, Walford GA, Ghorbani A, Guanaga DP, Dhakal BP et al. Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibition on insulin resistance in obese individuals. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3: e001001. 8 Hill KD, Eckhauser AW, Marney A, Brown NJ. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition improves beta-cell function in metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 857–859. 9 van Genugten RE, Serne EH, Heymans MW, van Raalte DH, Diamant M. Postprandial microvascular function deteriorates in parallel with gradual worsening of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in men with the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2013; 56: 583–587. 10 Rosano GM, Aversa A, Vitale C, Fabbri A, Fini M, Spera G. Chronic treatment with tadalafil improves endothelial function in men with increased cardiovascular risk. Eur Urol 2005; 47: 214– 220; discussion 220–222.


AbstractThe extrusion behaviour of semisolid Pb–19Sn alloys has been studied on materials with conventionally solidified dendritic structures and with non-dendritic structures obtained through mechanical stirring during solidification. This stirring performed at a constant temperature above the solidus produces a semisolid slurry with approximately spherical primary particles. The volume fraction, particle size, and interparticle spacing of the primary phase decrease as the stirring temperature increases. Whereas the alloy with the non-dendritic structure (rheocast) can be extruded in the semisolid state under low extrusion forces giving a perfectly continuous rod, the alloy with the dendritic structure requires larger forces and produces a fragmented product. These experiments suggest that extrusion can be performed advantageously in the semisolid state with alloys obtained by mechanical stirring during solidification.


The data products of monthly average troposphric SO2 vertical column densities over China from January 2004 to November 2009 are acquired from the SCIAMACHY instrument on board ENVISAT. The results of monthly average tropospheric SO2 vertical column densities were analyzed to research the temporal-spatial distribution and change trends of tropospheric SO2 over China. In this paper, we selected four typical SO2 high concentration regions and described the spatial distribution, interannual change and seasonal variation, and the changes before and after the Beijing Olympic Games in these four regions. Additional, we analyzed the possible reasons for those change trends. The results showed that human activities play a key role in the distribution and variation of tropospheric SO2. The North China region is provided with the highest concentration of SO2 mainly because it's the major area of coal producing and consuming. Tropospheric SO2 concentration declined in North China in 2008 while it dropped in South China since 2007. The seasonal variation of the SO2 column densities exhibits a structure with peak in winter and spring on account of central heating and lowest in summer in North China, yet it appears oppositely in the Pearl River Delta area. And the temporal-spatial change trends are remarkably affected by sulfur control policies. We found that the tropospheric SO2 column densities decreased strongly during and after the Beijing Olympic Games opened in August 2008. The tropospheric SO2 column densities in August 2008 dropped by 50% compared to SO2 concentration in August 2007. Furthermore our study finally confirms that remote sensing has a high application value in measuring trace gases and monitoring air pollution on a larger scale compared to traditional methods.


Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is an inherited condition that affects your red blood cells. The red blood cells are those that carry oxygen around the body. Their shape (like a slightly elongated saucer) helps them carry oxygen effectively. In HS there is a defect in the outer layer of the red blood cell. This means the cell is not the usual shape. Spherocytosis means more sphere-shaped and this also makes it more fragile than usual.


1. Introductory concepts 2. Kinematics 3. Kinetics of particles 4. Kinetics of a system of particles 5. Kinetics of rigid bodies A. Principal-axis moments of inertia of homogeneous bodies B. Identities, derivatives, integrals and gradient C. Answers to selected problems Bibliography.


Non-state owned economy now is a main force in county economy.So to develop characteristic industrial clusters of non-state owned economy with resource advantages is the key point and important way in the development of county economy.This paper poses that to advance industrial clusters of non-state owned economy in county must integrate governmental with nongovernmental clusters,and industrial clusters with characteristic economy,townization,and labor force transference.


Yale economist William Nordhaus is the author of three previous books and dozens of journal articles on the economics of climate change, including many under the auspices of the US National Academy...


The authors note that two baseline traces in Figure 6A (right panel) appeared incorrectly. Due to a copy and paste error while processing the original current traces for the preparation of the figure, the first and third traces and the eleventh and twelfth traces were duplicated. This error does not affect scientific results or the conclusions of the article. The authors apologise for this error and are providing the corrected figure via this Correction.

The revised version of Figure 1 can be seen here: http://www.plosone.org/corrections/pone.0001511.006.cn.tif [^]


The present study evaluated the natural and synthetic substrate for biofilm formation in in vitro condition and their effect on physico-chemical parameters of water. The four different treatments i.e., control (without substrate), T1 (sugarcane bagasse), T2 (PVC), T3 (coconut husk) and T4 (bamboo strips) as substrates were used for assessment of biofilm formation and heterotrophic bacterial growth. Physico-chemical parameters of water and total platecolonies were estimated at weekly intervals for five weeks. Results of dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, as well as nutrients like ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen showed significant (p


present a framework to detect social events, retrieve associated photos and classify the photos according to event types in collaborative photo collections as part of the MediaEval 2013 benchmarks. We incorporate various contextual cues using both a constraint-based clustering model and a classification model. Experiments based on the MediaEval Social Event Detection Dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


The vehicle routing problem(VRP) directly affects the efficiency and economic benefits in modern logistics service,so it is of realistic significance.A mathematic model of the VRP with time windows is first established.In view of the characters of the VRP,some improvements are made on some related parameters of the pseudo-probability fomula in the ant colony algorithm. Then the improved Ant Colony System is applied to solving of the VRP.The improved algorithm has been tested on the MATLAB in a simulated way.The results show that the improved algorithm can effectively improve the basic ant colony algorithm in slow convergence and easy involvement of a partial basis,and it can be applied in the large-scale optimization of vehicle routing problems.


The present invention includes a main body receiving the rotational driving force transmission in that, a polishing process of the wafer on the polishing head for a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus unit; Base and rotating with said body portion; The bottom plate to form a pressing surface for pressing the wafer during the polishing step, and the side of the extending upwardly (上方) from the edge of the bottom plate upper side end is extended upward posture which is fixed to the base, one extending upward to form a closed curve from the bottom plate to the radially inward side of the first end is fixed to the base comprising a first bank forming the outermost pressure chamber between the membrane and the side surface; A retainer ring that contacts being spaced radially from the membrane bottom plate, and the polishing pad during the polishing process; Is configured to include, to the side of the first partition wall with each other proximity fixed position by pressing in, precise pressure control over the edge area of the wafer by the outermost pressure chambers as formed smaller than the width of the outermost pressure chambers It provides a polishing head and the membrane used therein of a wafer polishing apparatus which enable precise grinding.


For a long-term preservation of silkworm stocks by frozen gonad storage, fundamental topics such as freezing rate and transplanting stage of the gonad, proper cryoprotectant, and super-cooling temperature and freezing point of the freezing medium were examined and following results were obtained. Proper method to anesthetize the ovary-recipient silkworm was to dip the animal to cold water for 10 minutes, and the ovary taken from the 4th instar larvae was more suitable for freezing-preservation than that from the 5th. Concerning the cryoprotectant, glycerol and DMSO were effective to prevent cryoinjury of the ovary, but sorbitol was not. The supercooling temperature and freezing point of the medium to freeze the ovary and testes were checked, and consulting with the results desirable cooling rate was confirmed. On the desirable conditions of transplanting methods, freezing rate and cryoprotectant concentration ect., the next generation was obtained when the females implanted frozen-thawed ovaries mated with normal males, but none of the normal females mated with the males implanted frozen-thawed testes laid fertilized eggs. Now it is needed to improve the connecting ration of the ducts associated with the transplanted testis to those of the hosts.


The present paper addresses the question: ``What are the general classes of uncertainty and error sources in complex, computational simulations?`` This is the first step of a two step process to develop a general methodology for quantitatively estimating the global modeling and simulation uncertainty in computational modeling and simulation. The second step is to develop a general mathematical procedure for representing, combining and propagating all of the individual sources through the simulation. The authors develop a comprehensive view of the general phases of modeling and simulation. The phases proposed are: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the system, discretization of the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the model, and interpretation of the results. This new view is built upon combining phases recognized in the disciplines of operations research and numerical solution methods for partial differential equations. The characteristics and activities of each of these phases is discussed in general, but examples are given for the fields of computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer. They argue that a clear distinction should be made between uncertainty and error that can arise in each of these phases. The present definitions for uncertainty and error are inadequate and. therefore, they propose comprehensive definitions for these terms. Specific classes of uncertainty and error sources are then defined that can occur in each phase of modeling and simulation. The numerical sources of error considered apply regardless of whether the discretization procedure is based on finite elements, finite volumes, or finite differences. To better explain the broad types of sources of uncertainty and error, and the utility of their categorization, they discuss a coupled-physics example simulation.


PURPOSE: A method for assigning a sub-carrier for reducing intercell interference in OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) cellular environment is provided to improve communication quality by reducing an overlapped area of a data transmission sub-carrier between cells. CONSTITUTION: An RNC(Radio Network Controller) discriminates the type of antenna used in a multi cell structure(S10). The RNC selects a target cell and cells affecting interference in large amount to the target cell according to the discriminated antenna type(S11). If a cell set for assigning a sub-carrier is selected, the RNC discriminates the whole frequency bandwidth to configure sub-carrier subsets corresponding to the number of the selected cells(S12). The RNC assigns mutually exclusive sub-carrier subsets out of the configured sub-carrier subsets to the selected cells(S13).


You know the expression, "When you were only a twinkle in your parents' eyes." The phrase conjures up the happiness of loving parents who truly want to conceive a child. It turns out it is also a phrase that sums up the latest genetic research suggesting that parents should cultivate that twinkle in the months before they conceive a child. That growth-promoting awareness and intention can produce a smarter, healthier, happier baby.


. We view a human being as a mental and spiritual entity and also as having a physical nature. The essence of a person is revealed in our thinking about personal identity, quality of life, and personal responsibility. These conceptions do not fare well in a Cartesian or dualist picture of the person as there are deep problems with the idea that the mind is an inner realm. I argue that it is only as we see the thoughts, actions, and interactions of persons as necessarily involving physical entities in the world whose nature is not completely captured in scientific descriptions that we can understand our existence as mental and spiritual beings.


It is no news to anyone involved with the media, from the newsroom to the boardroom to the classroom, that journalism is at a crossroads as an occupation, a business, a content form, and a public good. This is perhaps particularly true of journalism in the traditional news medium of record, the newspaper, where enormous uncertainty surrounds virtually every facet of the enterprise as it adjusts to being part of a digital network. This essay uses a framework familiar to journalists and journalism educators -- the traditional "five Ws and an H" of who, what, when, where, why, and how -- to address some of the significant issues facing corporate and newsroom managers, as well as journalists themselves.


Platforms, frameworks, and other forms of software assets are proliferating in the industry for well-documented reasons. Architects may choose from a wide variety of implementation technologies to realize their envisioned software architecture. Each asset provides the ability to fulfill a set of requirements, and imposes a set of constraints. Given these complex compatibility relationships, it is a non-trivial task to determine how best to utilize candidate assets toward a defined business problem. This task is made harder when multiple stakeholders from various backgrounds contribute to the decision-making process, as often occurs in large projects.By grouping requirements by functional area, and relating them to corresponding candidate technologies, we propose an approach that allows stakeholders to collaboratively reason about the satisfaction of requirements, the compatibility of technologies, and integration risk. The goal is to narrow the initial space of technologies to a smaller number of viable candidate technology sets.


This book provides an impression of how we are contributing to cleaner, safer and more efficient mobility in Europe, helping our customers from concept to implementation and from engineering solutions to strategic advice. Our knowledge is derived to a significant extent from European research programme projects that are vitally important to innovation in both the Netherlands and Europe. Acquiring knowledge in collaboration with the authorities, private parties and universities is the key to the power of innovation. For this publication we spoke with Mr Fabrizio Minarini (European Commission), Mr Martin van Gelderen (Dutch Ministry of Traffic, Transport and Water Management) and Mr Josef Affenzeller (AVL List GmbH, EARPA). They gave their own views of the centrality of European research, the results that have been achieved and a sketch of the challenges faced by society. My main conclusion from these interviews is that collaboration is at the crux of a better future


It is necessary to think of perpetrating act for an exact conviction in the case of "stealing" and "fraud".Perpetrating act is a fundamental concept in criminal law.In the canonical sense,perpetrating act is a crime model of many concrete crimes on the Specific Provision of Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.The important standards of judging a concrete fact whether according with the crime model include the essential of perpetrating act、the constituting character of perpetrating act 、 the beginning and the end of perpetrating act.The special fact the intermixing of "stealing" and "fraud" only accorded with one crime model,that was one perpetrating act.So,there was a conviction for stealing or swindle.


Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes (NMRGs) detect rotation as a shift in the Larmor precession frequency of nuclear spins. A review of the open literature on NMRGs is presented, which includes an introduction to the spectroscopic techniques that enable NMRGs and a discussion of the design details for several specific NMRGs that have been built.


This paper will examine the important navigational issues facing today's Navy in its pursuit of ECDIS-N. Next, it will review the AoA findings contributing to the acquisition community's awareness and understanding of the Navy's requirements for electronic chart-based navigation equipment and systems. It will also explore NAVSSI Lite, one of the system solutions that will capably meet the requirements. Finally, it will look at the myriad issues involved in the Navy achieving its all-electronic navigation goals.


The effects of waterlogging on growth and photosynthesis of tomato,eggplant and cucumber were studied by measurement of gas exchange parameters.The results showed that five-day waterlogging heavily influenced the photosynthesis and growth of the 3 crops,and the inhibiting effects of waterlogging on tomato and cucumber were especially obvious,but eggplant was tolerant to waterlogging.All the crops' stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate presented similar variations at different waterlogging stages,and the non-stomatal factors were the major causes of their photosynthesis decreasing in waterlogging.Waterlogging resulted in decrease of their chlorophyll contents,and their carotenoid contents could be used as an important indicator of plant tolerance to waterlogging stress.


N BOTH laboratory and production work I it is common to encounter measuring situations in which it is necessary to make tests at a relatively few test frequencies, but in which these same few frequencies are used again and again. When this is the case, it is advantaAn Oscillator For Tefeahone Tests. D. 6 . . geous if t he test oscillator being used has not only a convenient means for selecting the desired spot frequencies but also a high resetability of output frequency. A logical approach in designing an oscilA 0.1 Nanosecond Pulser, p. 7 At Wescon, p. 8 lator tuning system to have high resetability and simplified frequency selection is to design one in which the desired frequencies are selected by push-button switches. Such a system gives quick selection of frequency, eliminates the need for operator dexterity in setting a tuning dial, and all but eliminates the effect of mechanical tolerances which degrade the resetability of the usual variable tuning system. Consequently, the repeatability of a pushbutton system can be essentially that established by the shortand long-term stability of the oscillator circuit, while the readability, being that of a digital system, is high and at


We report the synthesis, characterization, and application of triphenylene nano/microwires for sensing nitroaromatics. The fluorescence of these wires is dependent on the size of the wires, which can be controlled by heating temperature and time. The cross optical polarized microscopy result shows a birefringent crystal structure of the triphenylene microwires. Fluorescence imaging shows that the crystalline triphenylene nano/microwires may be used as a waveguide material. Both the conductivity and fluorescence of the crystalline nano/microwires change selectively in the presence of vapor of nitrobenzene, a representative nitroaromatic, suggesting that the nano/microwires of triphenylene may be used for selective detection of explosives.


Objective To estimate the prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG) in elderly population(older than 50 years). Methods The subjects were identified by clustering samplings scheme in Doumen County (China) in 1997. Visual acuities, including naked eye, presenting and pinhole visual acuity, were measured by ETDRS visual chart. Intra ocular pressure measurement by Schiotz tonometer, vertical C/D ratio assessment by direct electric ophthalmoscopy were also carried out. The depth of anterior chamber (DAC) was estimated by pen light oblique illumination scheme and van Herrick technique. Final diagnosis was made after further considering the onset history, gonioscopy and visual field examination. Results In 5 342 examined subjects with response rate of 92.8%, glaucoma ranked at the fifth leading cause of blindness. The prevalence of PACG was 1.0%(male 0.8%,female 1.2%). Prevalence was 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.6% in the 50~59, 60~69 and 70~98 years old group respectively. 5.9% of individuals with shallow anterior chamber were diagnosed as PACG. After adjusting the confounding effects with logistic regression model, age and DAC were independent risk factors while sex was no more significant. Comparing with 50~59 and deep anterior chamber, the adjusted odds ratio of 70~98 years old group and shallow anterior chamber subjects were 3 3 and 11 3 respectively. Conclusions PACG remains as the main cause of blindness in elderly population. Elderly people with shallow anterior chamber are significant risk population.


Objective Guyuan region by collecting extensive periodontal disease in patients with aggressive periodontitis to analyze the clinical characteristics of Guyuan to know that after the treatment of periodontitis.Method No systemic disease,periodontal disease selected 215 cases were compared according to ethnicity and age of onset of generalized aggressive periodontitis ratio.Result Hui incidence of aggressive periodontitis was significantly higher than the Han,generalized aggressive periodontitis Guyuan region occur between the ages of 31-40 years old.Conclusion Two family education level and aggressive periodontitis is closely related to the development.


The biologist and the sociologist have a traditional quarrel, the one standing for the importance of heredity, the other standing for the importance of environment. The biologist sees something akin to fatalism in heredity, and the sociologist sees something akin to freedom in the opportunities presented by environment. The controversy is not unlike that between the Calvinists insisting on predestination and the Arminians insisting on free grace. Yet even biologists and eugenists are ready to admit that environment plays an indispensable role in the making of lower organisms, and, moreover, the parental bodies are environment to the heredity-bearing germ-cells. Now, the biologist Kellogg, recognizing the limit of heredity alone, says "it would be a calamity beyond reckoning if heredity were to be the sole arbiter of our fate," meaning that it would leave many people hopeless and absolve us of personal responsibility. Also, recognizing the influence of environment, he says: "'Phere is no resul t of heredity without environment . . . the two are inseparable; they inevitably co-operate, one without the other is nothing. Environment has a large influence in determining the outcome of any given person." And the eugenist, E. VV. MacBride (Encyc. Brit. 12th Ed., vol. 31, Art. "Eugenics") says: "Now it may be con-


This study aims to evaluate the implications of the temporary closure of the tin market and the opening of a new Indonesian tin market, as well as the impact on the financial performance of PT Timah as the largest tin company in Indonesia. This study was motivated by the closing of the IDXC tin exchange in 2018 due to tin theft cases, as well as the opening of a new tin market at JFX. To determine the significance of this impact, a financial ratio analysis of PT Timah in the period of 2018 2020 was carried out. The data were collected from financial report and the period was divided into two periods: post (Q1 2018 to Q2 2019) and prior (Q3 2019 to Q2 2020). This study also used a paired t-test to see the significance of differences in financial ratios after and before the incident. This study only discusses the performance of PT Timah based on its financial aspects, and further studies are needed to evaluate the company's performance from a broader perspective.


Abstract Rinodina fuscoisidiata, a muscicolous isidiate species with large isidia and Pachysporaria-type ascospores is described from Venezuela. This species contains an unknown terpene as a major secondary metabolite in addition to traces of atranorin. It is compared with the four known isidiate Rinodina taxa.


This paper set out a new modeling technique of air-gap eccentricity in induction motors (IMs) taking into account teeth saturation due to the local air-gap flux concentration. The approach is based on the inclusion of the magnetic saturation into the analytical model by a fictive permeance variation. Besides that, it supposes that, in air-gap nonuniformity conditions, the well-known saturation factor must be updated in function of the spatial-dependant air-gap length. The 2D-modified winding function approach (2D-MWFA) is utilized to get the inductance formalism while assuming a linear rise of the saturation factor with respect to the air-gap length in a particular circumferential region. We show that the proposed model yields more reasonable results by confirming that the magnetic saturation effect reduces the asymmetry of the air-gap flux distribution due to the eccentricity. Furthermore, we highlight this effect by inspecting the shapes of the calculated inductances and making them ready for a full dynamic simulation in sense of multiple coupled circuit model (MCCM).


Aim. To assess the system for registration and account of infectious and parasitic diseases in Republic of Tatarstan useing software products for epidemiological situation managing, sanitary-and-epidemiologic emergencies prevention, hazards of infectious diseases onset and spreading that might be potentially dangerous for participants, visitors and local residents during XXVII Worldwide Universiade 2013 in Kazan. Methods. Statistical forms №1 and №2 «Data on infectious and parasitic diseases» in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period of 2004 to 2013, 058/у forms (emergency notifications), «Infectious diseases registry» (journal №60) were used for data gaining. To analyze the prevalence of the diseases, software products («Population disease prevalence analysis»), «Social and hygienic monitoring» - «Krista» automated system, «Automated information system of epidemiological survey and emergencies prevention in the sphere of public healthcare during the 2013 Universiade» («Epidemiological safety» automated information system) software were used. Methods of epidemiological diagnosis and common methods of variance analysis (calculations of relative and mean values, statistical series analysis and statistical significance assessment) were used. Results. Retrospective epidemiological analysis of infectious and parasitic diseases in Republic of Tatarstan and in Kazan city, monitoring of background epidemiological conditions in Kazan city using the «Population disease prevalence analysis» software products and «Krista» automated system, as well as on-stream epidemiological analysis of infectious and parasitic diseases prevalence among participants, visitors of the 2013 Kazan Universiade by introducing the «Epidemiological safety» automated information system increased the epidemiological diagnosis quality, allowed to timely identify epidemiological deviations, provide targeted sanitary and anti-epidemic measures and to assess their effect. Continuous interaction between the Tatarstan Regional Agency of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Russian scientific and research institute for fighting plaque «Mikrob», Hygiene and epidemiology Center of the Republic of Tatarstan and healthcare institutions was provided during the 2013 Universiade. Conclusion. Complex use of modern information technologies and introduction of «Epidemiological safety» automated information system while carrying out the 2013 Universiade allowed to completely implement the targeted management and technologic tasks for infective and parasitic diseases prevalence monitoring.


Objective To assess the effect of health education intervention by integrating both healthcare and educational resources in a way to prevent myopia in school-age children,and to provide bases for the health education.Methods A health education intervention for preventing myopia was conducted among 879 children from primary and secondary schools of Haizhu district in Guangzhou city.The intervention was evaluated by structured questionnaires and teachers interview.Results After the intervention,the children in both participating primary and secondary schools acquired more myopia relevant knowledge(P0.05).Moreover,for the children in the primary schools the significant reductions of some undesirable behaviors related to myopia when the children were watching TV,playing electronic games and reading books were also observed(P0.05).Conclusion Utilizing both healthcare and educational resources as an intervention way of health education to prevent myopia for school-age children are feasible.The persistent health education,focusing on training with practical prevention skills and encouraging more involvements of children's parents are the keys to achieve intervention goals to prevent myopia.


This paper introduces a single-mode ultra-low loss optical fiber,which complies with the industry's standard ITU-T Recommendation G.652.The experimental comparison between this fiber and G.652D fiber shows that it has the advantages in loss,stimulated brillouin scattering threshold,and polarization mode dispersion,while other indicators at a considerable level.In addition,the article analyses that under certain conditions,this fiber also has a relative economic advantage.During the development of smart grid in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period,this fiber will undoubtedly be another effective solution to extend transmission distance.


The purpose of this study is how to make new actions,which are used therapeutic, educational and religious recreation. Subjects of the study are 60 action songs, which were sampled from recreation books.The results are shown as follows;About 55% of the action songs were made by the song lyrics.17% o...


In the first decades of the 21st century, there has been a global trend towards digitisation and the mobilisation of data from natural history museums and research institutions. The development of national and international aggregator systems, which focused on data standards, made it possible to access millions of museum specimen records. These records serve as an empirical foundation for research across various fields. In addition, community efforts have expanded the concept of natural history collection specimens to include physical preparations and digital resources, resulting in the Digital Extended Specimen (DES), which also includes derived and related data. Within this context, the paper proposes using the FAIR Digital Object (FDO) framework to accelerate the global vision of the DES, arguing that FDO-enabled infrastructures can reduce barriers to the discovery and access of specimens, help ensure credit back to contributors and increase the amount of research that incorporates biodiversity data.


from the main entry. Some imperatives also have dialect variations, such as /aqub/ as well as the regular /uqub/ for /ooqobe/ ' drink ', which could be added. Plural forms whose singular would not be easily recognized are listed separately with a reference to the singular. In the list explaining this procedure /banaadig/ and /bacaccaar/ are given as examples, but then they were not given separate entries after all. Appendix A (pp. 214-97) is a major step forward in the description of 'Afar grammar. Important contributions are found in many areas such as in the analysis of syllable structure, tone and accent. One problem dealt with again is non-reducible double vowels. An ad hoc syllable boundary (a dot) is added between the two vowels in the present description to distinguish them from double vowels which do undergo double vowel reduction. This analysis at least gives a reasonable solution based on related languages. Hayward's (1983) attempt to define the environment by accent seems to have been set aside by this description of accent patterns on such vowels. In longer words there is no difference in pronunciation, whether the double vowel is reducible or not; and in words with the structure (C)V. V(C) both first and second vowel accents are described in non-reducible double vowels (p. 219). The noun phrase and prepositional phrase rule of only the first word having high tone and all other words losing their potential accent, is another new contribution. In fact, the whole discussion of sentence prosodies is valuable in giving many details which have not been previously described, and especially in showing where sentence prosody overrules lexical accent. The general observation of ' the prosody of non-finality' is also useful in noting both features of ' a sharp rise in pitch on the final vowel which may also be subject to some increase of duration.' These features are found not only at the end of non-final verbs, but also in noun phrase conjunction, and therefore account for the lengthening of vowels before /-kee/ and /-y/. The description of conjugation IV as ' diminished action' is questionable. It seems rather that they show intensified action. Recently, Yvonne Genat in discourse analysis studies of 'Afar narrative has found that these compound verbs mark pivotal events, which are normally high points in the action. Another step forward in the description of 'Afar grammar is the more general analysis of the role of final /-h/ in the formation of participles. Besides the perfect /-h/ participle, and the /-k/ and /-Vh/ participles, which have been generally recognized, imperfect, anticipatory and present state participles which are all three marked by a final /-h/ on the regular verb are also described. The participles all have the function of conjoining verb phrases. One significant feature of especially perfect participles which was omitted is that the mood and time of the participle are the same as in the final matrix verb. Rather than have the examples on p. 255 with perfect participles followed only by perfect verbs, some anticipatory or imperative forms, as in Hayward's thesis, would show this important The distinction between /-h/ participles and the phonologically equivalent neutral or verbfocus prosody is a good solution to a problem in describing 'Afar grammar. The participles all have the /-h/ and high tone because of their structure, and they are easily recognized by their not being the sentence final verb. However, the reason for some sentence-final verbs also having this form has so far simply been termed ' emphasis'. The distinction is now made between noun phrase/prepositional phrase focus where the final verb has low tone and no /-h/, and verb phrase or neutral emphasis where the final verb has high tone and /-h/. Another function of this final /-h/ form which is now being studied (Bliese and Genat, forthcoming), is its special use in marking pivotal points in narratives. Since verbal events are the basis of narrative discourse, it is not unexpected to find such a specialized use of verbal focus at pivotal points. The description of the peculiarity of conjoined imperatives having an /-ay/ suffix rather than a harmonizing non-low vowel before /-y/ is good in pointing out that it thereby neutralizes with the plural. It is also noted that the same process occurs after imperatives when /a/ replaces the /i/ of /immay/ ' but ' . Appendix B ' 'Afar kinship terminology' gives a handy description with three charts to help keep relationships clear. The bibliography is very complete, giving both linguistic and textual publications on 'Afar. The book is carefully produced and very few printing errors were found.


Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death globally. Acute coronary syndrome is one of numerous cardiovascular illnesses, including advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which play an instrumental part in their development and progression. A substance with multiple pleiotropic characteristics is rosuvastatin. This study examined the cardioprotective effects of rosuvastatin in isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury, as well as the alterations in advanced glycation end products and their roles in cardiac damage. Rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg, orally) was given to male rats daily for 4 weeks, and on the 29th and 30th days, isoproterenol (85 mg/kg, subcutaneously) was administered to cause cardiac damage. Rats were euthanised on the 31st day, and various samples were collected for examination. Administration of isoproterenol increased cardiac mass, levels of cardiac damage markers, lipid oxidation, and collagen content in the heart. Additionally, it reduced the activities of SOD, CAT, GST, GR, and all other antioxidants. Additionally, isoproterenol raises levels of inflammatory markers including TNF-α and IL-6. It has been observed that advanced glycation end products rise along with heart injury. The AGE-RAGE cascade also messes with the injured heart's echocardiogram. Additionally, histopathological alterations were noticed. According to the study, rosuvastatin has cardioprotective effects on the experimental model, which were supported by an array of physical, biochemical, and histological characteristics. Summary This study examined the cardioprotective effects of rosuvastatin in isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury, as well as the alterations in advanced glycation end products and their roles in cardiac damage. According to the study, rosuvastatin has cardioprotective effects on the experimental model, which were supported by a number of physiological, biochemical, and histological characteristics. By showing how the functional AGE/RAGE axis is inhibited following rosuvastatin medication, this work provides an etiologic theory involving rosuvastatin therapy in heart injury. These findings may also have practical significance since they highlight the intriguing possibility that rosuvastatin-induced modulation of AGE-RAGE signalling may represent a unique therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of other cardiovascular diseases.


Limitations of single-cohort data sets are discussed, and their pitfalls are illustrated by means of a multiple-cohort study of the cognitive ability of spatial orientation. The questions of gender differences in age changes and experimental attrition are further illustrated by examining a study of the questionnaire-derived personality traits of social responsibility. Finally, implications are suggested for the internal and external validity of inferences drawn from analysis of the Ginzberg-Yohalem data set.


Background/Objectives: To design a relatively simple Software Reliability Growth Model (SRGM) with testing effort function using Artificial Neural Network approach. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The results evaluation of the proposed SRGM using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is measured by calculating the three vital criterians namely; AIC (Akaike Information Criterian), R2 (Coefficient of determination) and RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error). Findings: Traditional time-based models may not be appropriate in some situations where the effort is varying with time. Estimating the total effort required for testing the software in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is important. Hence, a multi-layer feed-forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based SRGM using back propagation training is proposed in this paper by incorporating test effort. The proposed ANN based model provides consistent performance for both exponential and S-shaped growth of mean value functions witnessed in software projects. Application/Improvements: The proposed SRGM using ANN will be performed to be eminently useful for software reliability applications, since it is able to maintain its performance in all situation.


Marketing agreements and orders have been used for several decades by various commodity groups in an effort to stabilize and increase the level of farm income. These programs are tools to be used in a "self-help" fashion. They do not automatically solve an industry's marketing problems. For instance, if an industry has continuous interseasonal supply control difficulties, a marketing agreement may actually aggravate the problem it was intended to solve. However, intraseasonal volume controls can relieve shortrun imbalances in supply while not adversely affecting consumers. Merging long-run and short-run perspectives is the problem that creates difficulty in program evaluation. Recent interest in agricultural marketing orders was stimulated by the President in an address before a joint session of the congress in October, 1974. In response to the President's comments, a task force Was created by the Department of Agriculture to determine the inflationary impact of marketing order programs. Basically, that task force reported that the federal marketing order for Florida tomatoes operates in a competitive situation that would suggest the possibility of increasing prices [10, p. 37]. However, the magnitude of these price and quantity adjustments, and their impact on growers, handlers and consumers remained an unanswered question. In this study, fresh winter tomatoes are analyzed to determine the effects of federal marketing order strategies on Florida growers and other industry participants. Occasionally during the Florida tomato season (NovemberMay), prices received by growers have become severely depressed as the result of excess supply. Some domestic competition from Texas and California occurs in the late fall and spring, but the principal competition is from Mexican imports. The general objective of this study was to determine aggregate effects, on selected segments of the U.S. winter fresh tomato subsector, of changes in supplies from Mexico and Florida which resulted from marketing order regulations. Aggregate effects were measured in terms of (1) net revenue obtained by domestic tomato growers, (2) volume of tomatoes marketed and consumed in the United States, and (3) consumer expenditures. Such information is valuable to the Florida tomato industry in making marketing decisions, to other commodity groups faced with similar circumstances, and to government agencies responsible for marketing policy.


We propose a two-photon microscope scheme capable of real time, 3D investigation of the neural activity in a 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.2 mm3 volume with sub-micrometer spatial resolution.


The production process of flavoured soybean product includes the following steps: soaking soybean raw material, making soybean milk by grinding soybeans, boiling soybean milk, filtering to remove residue, adding biltern to coagulate and pressing to form, and is characterized by that when the bittern is added, the salt whose weight is 2-6% of weight of filtered soybean milk and mnosodium glutamatewhose weight is 0.5-1.5 % are added so as to obtain the invented flavoured soybean product.


Abstract The internal architecture of a textile affects its mechanical behaviour (deformability, draping, permeability etc.). It is also important for properties of the textile composites (stiffness, strength etc.). The internal geometry of a wide range of fabrics - 2D and 3D woven, two- and three-axial braided, knitted, multi-axial multi-ply stitched fabrics and laminates - for both relaxed and deformed states is explained. This article explains the format of the fabric internal geometry data and the algorithms of exporting the data to different modelling environments (e.g. finite element or computational fluid dynamics models). The transformation of the model into virtual reality (VR) world (VR Modelling Language) is described in detail. VR description of a textile at the micro level, based on mechanical models of the internal structure, complements the available VR representation of a textile on the macro level.


Control of threshold voltage (VT) by asymmetric dual-gate structure is investigated. Two separated gates are successfully fabricated through two-step chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) processes. Silicon fin width is determined as same as the thickness of oxide sidewall spacer. VT of the device is modulated by how many charges are trapped in the nitride layer of the second gate stack (G2) through applying programming pulses to G2. They affect the formation of electron channel on the first gate (G1) side. Additionally, the efficiency of this technique is analyzed by simple capacitance network. The thinner body is the more effective the proposed VT control method is. It is noteworthy that this method can be used without ultra thin buried oxide (BOX) structure and additional biasing scheme.


Diphenolic acid was prepared by condensation reaction of levulinic acid and phenol,and was characterized by IR and NMR.Moreover diphenolic acid solutions in four different solvents(water,acetonitrile,methanol,cyclohexane) were studied by ultraviolet spectra.There were two strong absorption peaks around 210nm and 260nm,respectively.The absorption peak around 210nm was sensitive to the polarity and concentration of the solvent.However,the absorption peak around 260nm remained basically stable when the polarity or the concentration of the different solvents was changed.Obviously the absorption at 260nm is reasonably considered as a characteristic peak of DPA in the ultraviolet quantitative analysis.And the absorption peak at 210nm studies the interactions between DPA and other molecules.Also,the strength of the adsorption peaks was affected by the polarity of the solvent,differently.


An improved Jet-Plume model has been interfaced with DEGADIS to provide for prediction of the trajectory and dilution of elevated dense gas jets to ground contact. DEGADIS predicts the ensuing ground-level plume dispersion. The Jet-Plume model provides for: automatic adjustment of integration step-size (using the Runge-Kutta-Gill method as in DEGADIS); elliptical plume shape (cross-section), with air entrainment specified consistent with the Pasquill-Gifford plume dispersion coefficient representation of atmospheric turbulent entrainment; user specification of averaging time; ground reflection when the plume (lower) boundary reaches ground level; and application to scenarios where the plume remains aloft.


Medan is lacking green spaces. By simply creating "greenery" out of flower beds, planted grass surfaces and trees does not necessarily lead to a more sustainable environment. In fact, conventional greening can be wholly unsustainable in its design. Without considering the local climate, the planting of appropriate plants, the provisions of playing fields, parks and sod strips along the boulevard can only add to aesthetic aspects, but the demand for water, fertilizer and maintenance has an adverse effect on the habitat of the area. Nevertheless urban ecology strives to create, preserve and restore green and open spaces sustainability. It also provides many environmental benefits: it reduces the urban heat island effect, minimizes the usage of pesticides, conserves energy, cleans urban air, and absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Creating sustainable urban green spaces as urban ecology may begin with parks; as they offer a lot of ways to reduce the environmental impact in the city. The objective of this paper is to identify the trees characteristic at urban parks in Medan which fulfill the criterion of sustainable urban green spaces that may be a positive contribution for urban ecology.

Keyword: sustainable urban green space, urban ecology, park.


Literature review. The decision-making process. Organizational decision-making. McKinsey global survey. Analysis. Organizational decision-making models. The political/competitive model. Managerial biases in organizations. Methodology-a pilot experiment.


Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) and Human Cytomegaloviruses (HCMV) are the major cause of serious viral complications in pregnant women. Screening methods that is ELISA for detecting Herpes Simplex virus(HSV) and Human Cytomegalovirus(HCMV) tend to be slow and insensitive. Therefore in this work, a rapid Real Time PCR (qT-PCR) and ELISA based assay was designed to detect HSV and CMV among pregnant women in Iraq from serum samples. Our study revealed that among the ELISA screened 420 sera samples, 81 (19.3%) of CMV and 17(4.05 %) of HSV were positive, while 64 (12.9%) had positive results for CMV DNA and 5(1.2%) had HSV DNA through real-time PCR. Real time PCR was more sensitive and reliable method in diagnosis of CMV and HSV infections in pregnant women in this comparative study.


Thermal barrier coating using many ceramic powders is being done in internal combustion engines for more than two decades now. Thermal spray techniques are extensively used for coating of these powders over piston top, cylinder walls and valves of the engine. These coatings have to bear thermal stresses during combustion in the engine thus wear and tear of ceramic coating occurs. The present paper is a review of the research work that has been done to study different ceramic coatings to understand stresses in coatings, porosity and crack penetration by applying thermal shock tests and thermal torch experiment. Also the best ceramic coating material has been suggested suitable as thermal barrier coating for application in internal combustion engines.


This research aimed to evaluate the effect of extrusion cooking conditions (barrel temperature and feed moisture content) on the changes in the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of the Indonesian black rice flour (var. Banjarnegara and Bantul). The rice flours were extruded using a no-die twin screw extruder at various barrel temperatures (110 and 140°C) and moisture content of 15, 20, 25% (wb). The total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and antioxidant activity generally decreased by 29, 46, and 19%, respectively. During extrusion cooking, the higher moisture content re-sulted in a higher retention of anthocyanins hence increased the antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH assay. Increasing temperature produced less retention of both anthocyanins and phenolics, hence lowering the antioxidant activity. The water absorption of the products also increased as the moisture content and barrel temperature increased, while the water solubility of the products became lower as the moisture content increased. Following a no-die extrusion cooking, both varieties of the black rice experienced changes with regard to the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity. Due to the high antioxidant activity (DPPH value of 510.4 mg Trolox equiv/100 g) and FRAP value of 2340.9 mg Trolox equiv/100 g), the black rice var. Banjarnegara is recommended for further development. No-die extrusion cooking conditions at 110°C and moisture content of more than 25% is selected to achieve fully gelatinized flour with high antioxidant activity.


The determinants of performance for professional service firms are still a matter of debate. We draw attention to diversification and marketing strategies as two channels through which PSFs leverage their resources, in particular their intangible capital. We propose that diversification is both necessary to meet complex customer demand and allows PSFs to leverage their reputational and knowledge assets across multiple domains. We theorize on a positive relation between diversification and performance, including a moderating effect of marketing strategies directed at building reputation and brand awareness. We propose to test our hypotheses on a sample of US-based management consulting firms and we plan to use trademarks to capture the properties of firms? diversification strategies.


The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) proteins are heat-activated non-selective cation channels. TRPV1 channels are polymodal in their function and exhibit multi-faceted regulation with various molecular compounds. In this regard, phosphoinositides, particularly phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylinositol-4phosphate (PI(4)P), are important channel regulators. However, their effects on TRPV1 channel activity have not been conclusively determined. To characterize temperature-induced activation of TRPV1 in the presence of different phospholipids, we purified the TRPV1 protein from HEK-293 cells and incorporated it into planar lipid bilayers. In the presence of 2.5 μM PI(4,5)P2, TRPV1 channels demonstrated rapid activation in the temperature range between 33-39 °C and achieved full channel opening at 42 °C. In this temperature range, TRPV1 heat activation exhibited steep temperature dependence (temperature coefficient, Q10, of 18), and the channel openings were accompanied by large changes in entropy and enthalpy, suggesting a substantial conformation change. In the similar temperature range, another phosphoinositide http://www.jbc.org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M114.611459 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on January 5, 2015 as Manuscript M114.611459 Copyright 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on Jauary 0, 2015 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from


Purpose. The aim of the article is selection and substantiation of ways to minimize the use of creative accounting practices in corporate structures.

Methodology of research. The theoretical basis of the research is the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of forming ways to minimize the use of creative accounting practices in corporate structures. The following methods are used to achieve the goal of the study: general scientific methods (abstraction, comparison, generalization, analysis, synthesis) – to know the basic elements of accounting practices; critical analysis and systematic approach – in the disclosure of creative accounting practices in corporate structures; abstract and logical method – to formulate the conclusions of the study.

Findings. The existence of the problem of applying creative accounting practices by managers of corporate structures is substantiated. The existing approaches of researchers to solving the problem of the application of creative accounting practices are analysed. The peculiarities of the application of corporate governance tools to minimize creative accounting practices are revealed.

Features of application of accounting tools for minimization of creative accounting practices are revealed. The features of implementation of accounting principles at the level of national and international accounting standards are considered.

Originality. A matrix classification of ways for minimizing creative accounting practices in the corporate governance system is developed. The main groups of ways to minimize the use of creative accounting practices in corporate structures are highlighted. The necessity to improve the process of choosing from the alternatives available in the standards based on the application of qualitative characteristics of accounting information is substantiated.

Practical value. In the absence of accounting regulation to minimize creative accounting practices, the feasibility of using the principle of analogy and adherence to the highly ethical culture of accounting service employees is substantiated.
Key words: corporate governance; transparency; creative accounting practices; accounting principles; accounting ethics.


Intended Audience: Instructors who are curious about open source software and how to incorporate it into their classes. This tutorial is intended to provide instructors with working knowledge of open source software concepts and communities. In this brief introduction, we will:

• talk about what open source is and why it is gaining traction in the business world;

• explore how instructors (and their students) can benefit by incorporating open source into the curriculum;

• review what differentiates open source from proprietary software; and

• discuss how teaching open source in an open way aligns with many current pedagogical practices, such as continuous assessment and cooperative learning.


A new method for the efficient evaluation of the Haar spectra of the logic product, logic sum, EXOR sum and negation of Boolean functions is proposed in this article. The different properties and equations are presented for the new approach. The proposed method shows the advantages in calculation of composite Haar spectra for Boolean functions over traditional method both in computation and time complexities.


The spiroindoline and spiroindolenine moieties are common structural features found in many natural products, such as the Aspidosperma alkaloids. The spirocyclic motifs are highly valuable from a medical point of view due to its complexity generating characteristics and biological activity. Therefore, a considerable amount of research has been dedicated to the synthesis of spiro-indole structures. Until this day the dearomatisation strategy is applied most frequently, but it is not universal and highly specific structures are obtained. Previous work in our group has shown that the ambiphilic character of isocyanides can be exploited in the synthesis of spiroindolines via a highly diastereoselective interrupted Ugi reaction starting from tryptamine-derived isocyanide. Unlike the conventional Ugi reaction, the nitrilium ion intermediate undergoes an intramolecular attack by the C-3 position of the indole, thereby dearomitising the indole. Complex spirocyclic architectures were obtained, containing the core of several indole monoterpenoid alkaloids. However, the overall structures are highly specific and cannot be interconverted to other useful products. In this work, a tryptamine-derived isocyanide based dearomative spirocyclisation has been developed, utilizing N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) as the electrophile. This results in spiroindolenines containing the imidoyl iodide as functional group. The reaction tolerates a wide range of solvents and mild conditions. The rather exotic imidoyl iodide can be functionalized in order to access architectures containing the spirocyclic motif. Depending on the substitution pattern of the indole, the spiroindolenine imidoyl iodides could be isolated and stored or functionalized in situ. Herein we report unique reactivity accompanied with the spiroindolenine imidoyl iodides, such as reduction of the imidoyl iodide and the imine of the C-2 unsubstituted indolenine in order to access the core of Sky-kinase inhibitors. In addition, reduction of C-2 substituted indolenines went diastereoselective and chemoselective, leaving the imidoyl iodide intact as was unambiguously determined via X-ray crystallography. The broad display of reactivity led us to investigate the potential use of the spiroindolenine imidoyl iodides in the total synthesis of the Aspidosperma alkaloids. After numerous attempts, a strategy was developed using a C-2 prefunctionlized tryptamine-derived isocyanide prior to spirocyclisation. The dearomative spirocyclisation and diastereoselective reduction served as key steps in the total synthesis of 19-oxoaspidospermidine, which was achieved in 10 steps with an overall yield of 1.5% starting from tryptamine. The total synthesis highlights the applicability of the dearomative spirocyclisation and the potential to use tailored isocyanides in the synthesis of relatively complex natural products.


This remarkable book presents a vision of the United States as an active partner in the process of globalization. It consists entirely of excerpts from speeches on U.S. foreign policy delivered by President Clinton between 1991 and the end of 2000. It begins with a selection of major foreign policy addresses, and proceeds under eight topic areas: The editors provide a historical introduction and a chronology of significant events affecting United States foreign policy between March 1993 and July 2000.


A device for mounting disclosed in one or more limbs which are controlled by the input member. These input member is provided in a range in which the user's finger of the same hand that led to the limb can be contacted. These input member is provided on the retractable or removable surface, the operating position within a range in which the finger can reach, is arranged in the non-operating position which is stored in the range where the finger arrives. In non-operating position, in other respects it is stored so better user convenience.


Male sterile pentaploid Dendranthema yoshinaganthum 'Lapin' was bred from the germplasm collection of wild chrysanthemum in Kagawa University. Reciprocal crossings were done among some octaploid and tetraploid D. yoshinaganthum lines. Male sterile hexaploids appeared and one of them was crossed again with an early flowering tetraploid line. Among the seedlings, a superior male sterile line was selected and registered as 'Lapin' in MAFF, Japan (no.18311) in 2009.


The design and synthesis of a series of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD)- polyaminoalkyl conjugates as DNA minor groove binders are described. To introduce polyaminoalkyl groups to the pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine pharmacophore, S N Ar reactions between 2-nitro-5-fluorophenyl ketone or 2-nitro-3-pehenyl ketone and polyaminoalkyl side chains were developed.


Background: Acute ATL is an aggressive hematologic malignacy with a median survival of 9 months. It is a malignant disease of mature activated T-cells caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I). Chemotherapy is disappointing for ATL, particulary for acute ATL. Antiretroviral therapy with combination interferon/zivodudine increases responses and improves survival. However, the disease is characterized by repeated relapses with few novel therapeutic options available for patients. Allogeneic stem cell transplant is the only known cure for ATL. We present a case report of refractory acute ATL and relapsed leukemic meningitis with marked clinical response and hematologic remission to single-agent denileukin diftitox. Method: The patient (pt) is a 55 year-old black man (from Mississippi) who presented Janurary 2004 with mild fatigue, lymphocytosis and was found to be in chronic-phase ATL. Peripheral blood (PB) flow cytometry showed a 72% clonal T-cell population: CD3+, CD7−, CD5+, CD2+, CD4+, and CD25+. Serology was + for HTLV-1 and T-cell genes were rearranged. Results: The pt was initially observed without therapy. Within 6 months, he developed profound fagtigue, weight loss, severe headaches, eye pain, tinnitus and myalgias. White blood count (WBC) increased and acute ATL and leukemic meningitis was diagnosed. The pt began daily zidovudine/α interferon (1 gram and 9 million units, respectively) and intrathecal (IT) methotrexate. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cleared with slight decrease in WBC, and improvement in symptoms. He relapsed 5 months later with reccurrence of constitutional and CNS symptoms. Repeated ommaya catheter CSF analysis at that time was negative, however, a lumbar puncture was floridly positive. The pt subsequently began daily aresenic trioxide and weekly pegylated interferon therapy. There was a transient decline in symtoms and WBC with clearing of the CSF, although the patient quickly relapsed with massive PB and CSF infiltration of ATL cells (PB absolute lymphocyte count 89.3 cc 3 /mm 3 ) and severe constitutional symtpoms including 20 pound weight loss. At this relapse, the pts CSF T-cells were 87% CD25-positive. Denileukin diftitox was started at 18 μg/kg/day IV(days 1–5) every 21 days with concurrent IT cytarabine. The only other concomitant medications were diflucan and gabapentin (no steroids given at any time). The pt had rapid resolution of all symptoms and normalization of the WBC following his 1st cycle. The pt has tolerated 8 denileukin diftitox cycles well. PB flow cytometry now shows 1% CD25 T-cell positivity. The pt is currently asymptomatic and proceeding to 6/6 matched sibling allogeneic transplant. Conclusion: This case demonstrates a marked and sustained response to single-agent denilekin difitox. There is 1 published case of ATL treated with denileukin diftitox. However, that pt was also treated with hyper-CVAD chemotherapy. Despite the anecdotal nature of this case, we believe it is important to report this information, especially in a disease with often few therapeutic options.


Based upon research analysis of regionalism and regional peculiarity of architecture under the background of globalization critical regionalism and regional peculiarity of architecture and its relationship between globalization are discussed.Further study is also made on the influences of critical regionalism on regional peculiarity of architecture.


The effects of mobile ions at insulator surfaces on integrated circuits are reviewed. The published literature is reviewed and recent experimental results are presented. Recent data are given on inversion voltages and surface recombination velocities both in regions under aluminum metal and in regions not covered by metal. Other data include measurements of surface conductivity on different types of surfaces, and a demonstration of the existence of mobile ions at an interface between two insulator layers. Techniques are described for minimizing surface-ion effects on integrated circuits.


Pharmacological actions of alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) are determined. The results are as follows: 1. LD50's (24hr) of 98.7% ABS for mice are 1, 407mg/kg (or.), 1, 989mg/kg (sc.), and 157 mg/kg (iv.). That of 54.8% ABS is 2658mg/kg (or.). 2. After a single ABS injection of 5mg/kg in rabbits the respiration is accelerated, but the blood pressure is depressed. 3. 10-5ABS solution decreases myocardial contraction in isolated hearts of toads. 4. Isolated blood vessels of rabbit ears are dilated by ABS in the concentration of 10-5, but constricted in that of 10-4. 5. ABS causes the abnormality of peristalsis in isolated rat uterus at concentration of 10-5. 6. Hemolysis of rabbit blood occurs in 80-90 ppm ABS solution. 7. When 20% ABS in a dose of 0.15ml/kg/day is administered to rats for 6 months, the growth rate shows no differences between control and test group. On gross examination, spleens of test group rats are slightly smaller than that of control group ones.


Sequential isolates from four patients under zidovudine (ZDV) therapy were obtained using PBMC coculture in the absence or in the presence of 0.25 μM ZDV. PBMC‐based HIV susceptibility assay demonstrated the emergence of ZDV‐resistance in the sequential isolates from the four patients. Except in one case, the isolates obtained in the presence of ZDV did not exhibit a greater resistance pattern than their counterparts obtained in the absence of the drug. In parallel, partial reverse transcriptase gene sequence was determined directly on amplified products from proviral DNA. In addition to the mutations previously described at the critical codons 41, 67, 70, 215, and 219, numerous additional mutations were found in either ZDV‐sensitive or ZDV‐resistant isolates. The mutation Thr215Tyr was not observed in a case of highly resistant virus (ZDV IC50 > 6.25 μM), while the mutation Lys70Arg was found in either resistant or sensitive ones. The analysis of additional mutations did not reveal any clear pattern for ZDV resistance but pointed out the existence of highly variable regions neighbouring the five critical codons. Neither nucleotide sequence nor PBMC‐based susceptibility assay provided unambiguous data about pretherapy isolates or early on‐therapy isolates which could predict the emergence of ZDV resistance in further samples. J Med Virol 51: 48–55, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Purpose:To assess the value of 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT in discrimination of malignant from benign breast mass.Methods:The trial was prospective, blind and diagnostic. From 2000.6 to 2001.12, one hundred one consecutive patients with breast mass detected by clinical examination were included. After injection of 740 MBq 99m Tc tetrofosmin intravenously in the arm contralateral to the breast lesion, 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT was performed additional to the regular diagnostic procedure. All patients underwent operation within one week. Using histological assessment as a golden standard, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT of the breast mass. Results:The sensitivity for palpable breast lesions was 86 3%, specificity 84.0%, positive and negative predictive value were 84.6% and 85.7% respectively. Conclusions:The results suggested that 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT is a valuable tool for the evaluation of palpable breast lesions.


This article, which warns against the use of unsafe and defective vehicles, lists some common car problems and their warning signals. Daily and weekly checks are indicated for turn signals, loose wire connections, tire wear, tire pressure, shock absorbers, and engine problems. A monthly 15-mile run at about 45 to 50 mph is indicated for a hot engine check. Other monthly checks include those for misfire, accurate steering, brake squeal, and worn piston rings.


The application of electricity, which has been found so useful in medicine and surgery generall[ill] has not been entirely neglected in the special department of ear, nose and throat diseases, and appliances more or less complete for its application may now be found in the office of every advanced laryngologist and otologist. The use of electricity in diseases of the nose, throat and ear, not only in the treatment but also in the diagnosis and prognosis, has now become so extensive and varied that the limits of this communication will permit hardly more than a general survey over the field of electrotherapeutic progress. It is hoped, however, that this will not be without its points of interest. As an illuminating agent, electricity still holds its own in this department, in spite of the Welsbach, acetylene and other lights that have been recommended. The yellowish light of the incandescent lamp does


Greece's accession to the European Union (EU) has affected its economy and its manufacturing sector. Large-size enterprises (LSEs) form a small but vital part of Greek manufacturing and constitute a major component of the country's stock market. According to finance theory, the capital structure of a firm affects its capital cost and market value. This paper, by using dynamic panel data techniques, investigates the determinants of capital structure of LSEs in the Greek manufacturing sector. The findings suggest that asset utilization, gross and net profitability and total assets growth have a significant effect on the capital structure of LSEs. This has straightforward policy implications. Following recent economic developments, Greek firms are exposed to a stronger competition in the EU and global markets, but also to new opportunities. In order to improve their capital structure, Greek manufacturing LSEs need to achieve higher asset utilization and profit margins through economies of scale attained mainly by higher exports. Moreover, governmental measures aiming to support LSEs' efforts should focus their impact on alleviating taxation, reducing bureaucratic burdens, minimizing market imperfections and subsidizing applications of new technology.


Amphipods have diversified greatly in the Ponto-Caspian region. Although many of these species are prominent invaders their systematics remains unclear. Taking an integrative approach, we investigate the taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus, a widespread invader in European inland waters. It was initially described from the north-eastern Black Sea coast as Chaetogammarus trichiatus by Martynov in 1932. A similar taxon, Chaetogammarus tenellus major, was described by Cărăușu from the western Black Sea in 1943 but later synonymized with C. trichiatus. Chaetogammarus trichiatus was itself shuffled between Chaetogammarus and the Atlanto-Mediterranean Echinogammarus, currently being assigned to Trichogammarus. Our analyses (six DNA markers, 60 measurements and scanning electron microscopic imaging) reveal that T. trichiatus and C. tenellus major are distinct species; the former is a Caucasian endemic, whereas the latter invaded Europe. Unexpectedly, T. trichiatus is an incipient species molecularly nested in Chaetogammarus ischnus, despite pronounced morphological and geographical differentiation. We also recover Chaetogammarus as polyphyletic, yet its member species are nested in the Ponto-Caspian radiation, thus distinct from Echinogammarus. Consequently, we reassign T. trichiatus to Chaetogammarus (Chaetogammarus trichiatus), synonymize Trichogammarus with Chaetogammarus and place C. tenellus major in the new genus Spirogammarus gen. nov. (Spirogammarus major comb. & stat. nov.). Chaetogammarus necessitates further systematic refinement.


We investigated the association of genetic polymorphisms of hereditary thrombophilia 1691G / A FV, 20210G / A FII, 677 C / T MTHFR, 455 G / A FGB with clinical and laboratory parameters of lipid metabolism and hemostasis factors in 119 patients (men) who had undergone reconstructive surgery on abdominal aorta and arteries of lower extremities, divided into three groups. The first group included patients with thrombosis of the reconstruction zone within the first 6 months after surgery (n = 44), the second group included patients without thrombosis of the reconstruction zone (n = 40), the third group consisted of men without symptoms of obliterating diseases of aorta and lower limb arteries (n = 35). The comparative analysis revealed the reliable relations of genetic variants 20210 GA FII with elevated levels of homocysteine and D-dimer test, genetic variants of 455 GA FGB and 455 AA FGB with elevated levels of D-dimer test. Genetic variants of CT 677 and CT 677 MTHFR are associated with the increased levels of triglycerides in blood and shortening of thrombin time, and the TT genotype of MTHFR 677 is associated with the reduced level of high density lipoproteins in blood.


K nowledge management (KM) is generally defined as the capture of an organization's collective know-how and making that expertise easily accessible. This knowledge is typically available in computerreadable form—most often in a structured form such as a relational database, but also in semistructured form such as formatted textual sources. Standard KM approaches typically organize knowledge in portals, use text search and analysis tools, and rely heavily on text as the medium for transferring knowledge. Although recent technological advances in multimedia production, storage, and distribution have created new information sources, multimedia use in KM is largely limited to retrieval systems: Users typically follow a search engine paradigm in which a query returns ostensibly relevant multimedia documents but without any attempt to extract knowledge from them. Using multimedia in KM systems presents many challenges. First, KM systems cannot use multimedia objects in their native form—they must use media-processing algorithms to transform the objects into metadata. The metadata serves as an intermediate representation of the multimedia data that is easier to manipulate and process using standard information retrieval methods. Second, this transformation of multimedia data introduces uncertainty because no analysis system—such as speech recognizers or face recognizers—is error free, and these tools must extract the knowledge this inherently unstructured data contains and store it in formats that allow easy access and manipulation. Finally, the volume of data introduces problems of scalability, organization, and user interface. For example, systems that analyze thousands of hours of audio must process such volumes of data quickly and effectively and display it in an intuitive way. Technologies for indexing audio and video can be an integral component of these more sophisticated knowledge extraction systems. Possible avenues for improvement in these systems include more advanced text information retrieval methods and more sophisticated speech technologies.


On the basis of considering the exposed segment of vertical prestressing bar as a cantilever beam,plane elastic support model and solar elastic support model of vertical prestressing bars are put forward.Elastic support model can simulate not only flexural rigidity of cantilever model for the exposed segment of vertical prestressing bar,but also longitudinal elastic rigidity.For cantilever beam model,K,the rigidity of vertical prestressing bar at the anchor end,is computed with the tested value of inherent frequency of exposed segment.Combined with engineering experimental data,the variation relationship between K and T is identical for elastic support model and cantilever beam model.Possessing the advantages of simple computation and brief concept,elastic support model is more convenient to be popularized.


Abstract Ni3Al single crystals have been deformed at 77, 292 and 500 K and at different strain rates. Dislocation structures in the deformed specimens have been examined by high-voltage electron microscopy. It is found that the structures depend strongly on test temperatures even at small strains such as 1%. The anomalous strengthening in the present alloy is thus attributed to be of a structural origin, particularly at high temperatures. It is also shown that flow stress is independent of strain rate both at 77 K and at 500 K while a weak strain-rate dependence appears at room temperature. On the basis of these observations, a possible mechanism of thermal and athermal strengthening is proposed by taking account of the work hardening and the structural change.


One of the most important performance characteristics of masonry units is their high thermal insulation. There are many different ways to improve this parameter, however the most popular methods in case of ceramic masonry units are: addition of pore-creating raw materials and application of proper hole pattern. This study was an attempt to improve thermal insulation of ceramics by applying thermal insulation additives. Perlite dust created as a subgrain from expansion of perlite rock was used. Perlite subgrain is not very popular among consumers, that's why it's subjected to granulation to obtain coarse grain. The authors presented concept of direct application of perlite dust for the production of building ceramics with improved thermal insulation. Fineness of this additive is asset for molding of ceramic materials from plastic masses. Based on the results it was found that about 70% perlite by volume can be added to obtain material with a coefficient of heat conductivity of 0,37 W/mK. Higher content of this additive in ceramic mass causes deterioration of its rheological properties. Mass loses its plasticity, it tears up and formed green bodies are susceptible to deformation. During sintering perlite takes an active part in compaction process. Higher sintering dynamics is caused by: high content of alkali oxides in perlite and glass nature of perlite. Alkali oxides generate creation of liquid phase which intensifies mass compaction processes. Active role of perlite in sintering process causes good connection of its grains with clay groundwork which is important factor for mechanical parameters of ceramic materials. It was also noted that addition of perlite above 40% by volume of mass effectively neutralized negative effect of efflorescence in ceramic materials.


Advancement in Multilevel Inverter Technologies and its Control Techniques has been emerging in leaps and bounds. Such an inclination towards this area is because of its high power handling capability as well as improved power quality. Low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and less thermal Stress on Switches and improved performance are its added advantages. Switching strategies plays a very important role in optimizing inverter performance parameters. In this paper a novel multicarrier sine Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Phase Disposition technique is introduced which significantly reduces THD. The proposed switching technique is described using relevant mathematical analysis, and results are obtained from simulation study, which consequently illustrates the improved performance of the overall system as compared to conventional one.