A value chain approach is increasingly used in the agrifood sector to help respond to the globalised food system. However, the agrifood value chain in many developing countries faces additional challenges to address any changes regarding the prevalence of smallholder players. Meanwhile, value chain studies are still limited in many developing countries, such as in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper aims to assess agrifood value chain in a developing country context. A qualitative methodology was applied in Indonesia's cashew sector, specifically in the Sumenep Regency of Madura Island. A value chain mapping tool was used by focusing on governance (vertical-horizontal coordination and information flow) and value addition (safety, quality, and value orientation). The results showed that value chain mapping is a powerful tool to draw the complex interaction within the dynamics between different value chain actors. The exploration in Indonesia's cashew sector showed that there is a gap in practices between actors in terms of governance and value addition. Therefore, it is recommended that smallholders' governance participation and value adding activities be improved in order to minimize the gap of practises. The potential follow-up research is to address the maturity level of value chain practice to obtain a rigorous improvement route.


In order to localize the process of oxidation and extraction of nitric oxide from coke oven gas the absorption method was investigated where the oxidizing and absorbing agent was an ozone-saturated solvent, chemically inert for oxidizers. The principal stages of the process are the generation of the ozone, preparation of the ozone treated solvent and the treatment of the coke oven gas. The investigations were conducted on a model laboratory apparatus. The ozone was synthesized in a type LG0-15 generator. Water was saturated with the ozone by means of dispersion: the saturation time was 50 to 600 sec, and the saturation temperatures 3 and 22/sup 0/C. In the treatment stage the coke oven was washed in a packed absorption column with a gas phase load of 26 to 30 m/sup 3//m/sup 2/h. The degree of oxidation did not exceed 5%. The theoretical time of contact of the gas with the ozone-treated water was 2.0 to 2.5 sec. The pressure was 908 +- 1 kPa. The ozone concentration in the liquid phase was determined iodometrically, and the nitric oxide concentration before and after treatment was determined by the standard method.


: The dynamics of the implementation of regional head election (Pilkada) in Bireuen district had interesting stages. The victory of the regent pair who held this position gave an interesting political process. The couple was initially declared not qualified for the health test by the Independent Election Commission (KIP), but various efforts were made by the success team The pair was able to follow the 2017 Aceh Pilkada Stage. This study aims to understand the political communication strategy of the winning team. It was conducted in Bireuen District with a qualitative approach and case study methods. Data collection is done by Interview and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the political communication strategy of the winning team was able to stimulate the community to support to the candidate's regent pair. The results yielded 1) the emergence of support groups such as the Youth Poros Team, the Gampong Team and Tim Srikandi (women's representatives) who consolidated each other in winning the Bireuen Regent pair. 2) Political communication carried out using the "Door to Door mechanism" and dialogue by describing the vision and mission and presenting the profile of prospective head district who make people sympathize and chose them in the election.


The article concerns S.M. Okins feministic criticism of W. Kimlickas multiculturalism theory. The criticism is based on the disagreement with certain points of multiculturalism which in practice intensify the problem of womens rights within cultural groups aggravating the problem of gender inequality at the state level.


The relationship between engineering and the history of technology is an ambiguous one. Unlike the historian of science or medicine or business, the historian of technology is much less likely to characterize his or her subject in terms of a discrete class of practitioners, such as "scientists," "physicians," or "businessmen." Technology is simply not, most students of the field conclude, largely the province of engineers, and "engineering" is certainly not coextensive with "technology." Nonetheless, the engineer is the most prominent actor on the technological stage, and historians cannot neglect this fact. Historians have not, of course, neglected engineering or engineers. But their contributions to our understanding of engineers--of their status, their work, and their image-still fall short of what we might expect. Just a quick glance at John Staudenmaier's review and analysis of Technology and Culture's first twenty years (Technology's Storytellers: Reweaving the Human Fabric [1985]) is sufficient to show that this is so-the word "engineer" does not even appear in the index. If we are honest with ourselves, we will admit that our perception of the engineer as a historical figure, particularly in our own century, is largely a literary and cultural artifact, rather than an informed scholarly one. Historians have had less influence on the image and understanding of the engineer than, say, commentators like C. P. Snow, whose characterization in his novel, The New Men, is still a dominant motif:


The present invention provides a system using a single wire and methods to support the power input and power control functions for an integrated circuit, wherein the integrated circuit and a communication system. The method comprising: receiving the lead from the power system input signal; generating a power input signal based on the power control signal through the power control signal generating circuit; and a transmission power control signal to the integrated circuit. The method and apparatus of the present invention can realize the purpose of reducing the number of leads and the integrated circuit power consumption.


We have observed fractional quantization of very few electrons confined in a semiconductor quantum dot using capacitance spectroscopy. The number of electrons per dot varies from 0 to about 40 as a function of bias on the quantum capacitors. The capacitance spectra have clear minima at gate voltages and magnetic fields, where the filling factors are 1/3 and 2/3. These measurements may allow direct comparison with few‐particle calculations.


1. Recent stakeholder pressure to reconsider the fundamental structures and philosophies underpinning legal education provided a unique opportunity to reconsider the design of the curriculum at the Queensland University Technology (QUT) Faculty of Law.[1] Pursuant to a Large Teaching and Learning Grant in 2000-2001, the QUT Faculty of Law redesigned its curriculum to incorporate social, relational and cultural generic capabilities. A series of skills and attributes were identified as being desirable in law graduates and incorporated throughout the courses offered in the Faculty. One of these skills was teamwork.


Separation of the genera in the subtribe Cassiinae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioidae) using molecular markers). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to verify the segregation of the genus Cassia L. senso lato into three distinct genera namely Chamaecrista Moench., Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. sensostricto Eighteen representatives of the three taxa were characterized using the molecular markers. 25 RAPD, six ISSR primers and six AFLP primer combinations resulted in the amplification of 612, 115 and 622 bands (loci) respectively. Most of the loci are found to be polymorphic, showing high degrees of genetic diversity among the different taxa studied. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of the RAPD, ISSR and AFLP data using SHAN clustering, divided Cassia L. senso lato. into three different clusters as Chamaecrista Moench. Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. senso stricto High bootstrap value revealed that all the clusters were stable and robust. It was observed from the present investigation that these genera have their identity at molecular level, which supports the elevation of the genus Cassia L. senso lato to the level of subtribe Cassiinae and segregation into three distinct genera instead of intrageneric categories.


Global citizenship education (GCE) has recently emerged as a dynamic approach to education capturing the interest of various stakeholders, including academics, educators and international organisat ...


Innovation is the fulcrum of institutional effectiveness and excellence. Management education is a coveted education as it adds employability to the students on the one hand and nation building on the other. It lingers to thrive as it continues to innovate on a continuous basis. Innovation basically involves the implementation of a new idea in a programme and/or a process or the reduction in cost of education. In fact, both aspects of innovation conduce to value addition to different stakeholders. The article examines various innovations in management education under three rubrics, namely format innovation, curricular innovation, and pedagogical innovation. Next, it suggests various propositions to increase innovation in business schools. Finally, the article studies the emergent challenges for management education from the perspectives of different stakeholders and hence the need for future innovation in management education.


Recent data from the ATLAS and CMS detectors at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN give a hint of possible violation of flavor in the leptonic decays of the Higgs boson. In this work we analyze the flavor violating leptonic decays ${H}_{1}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{l}_{i}{\overline{l}}_{j}$ ($i\ensuremath{\ne}j$) within the framework of a minimal supersymmetric standard model extension with a vectorlike leptonic generation. Specifically we focus on the decay mode ${H}_{1}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau}$. The analysis is done including tree and loop contributions involving exchange of $W$, $Z$, charged and neutral Higgs bosons and leptons and mirror leptons, charginos and neutralinos and sleptons and mirror sleptons. It is found that a substantial branching ratio of ${H}_{1}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau}$, i.e., of as much as $\mathcal{O}(1)%$, can be achieved in this model, the size hinted by the ATLAS and CMS data. The flavor violating decays ${H}_{1}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\mu}$, $e\ensuremath{\tau}$ are also analyzed and found to be consistent with the current experimental limits. An analysis of the dependence of flavor violating decays on $CP$ phases is given. The analysis is extended to include flavor decays of the heavier Higgs bosons. A confirmation of the flavor violation in Higgs boson decays with more data that is expected from LHC at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ will be evidence of new physics beyond the standard model.


This paper is a report of a project investigating the ICT gadgets in a survey study involving students of Senior High Schools in Central Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to investigate how ICT particularly useable for language learning is perceived and to find out how the research subjects have made use of the technological gadgets for language learning-related activities. The study employs a quantitative method by which data were garnered from questionnaire surveys involving 400 respondents. The results of the SPSS-assisted analysis suggest that the respondents perceive the ICT for language learning positively and that, overall, respondents have frequently used them for various day-to-day in-school and outside-school activities. Another finding also suggests majority of respondents admit that they have used the gadgets for various learning-related activities despite less so for learning English. This, as a result, brings with it an implication on the English language teachers, schools and educational policy makers to consider finding way out of maximizing the technological gadgets for learning and teaching as well as integrating the technology into a more purposeful language learning and teaching purposes.


Developers of all major sites in Southwark must deliver 35 per cent affordable housing or publish a viability assessment setting out why they cannot achieve this, the council has announced.


From the President of the NMCOP - David Phillips Publications of Jean SanvilleOverture - The Editors 1. Playing in Time and Space: An Interview with Jean Sanville - The Editors 2. The Opening Phase of the Analysis of Mr. B: A Dramatic Transference Phenomenon - Kerry Leddy Malawista and Peter L. Malawista 3. Nobody's Baby: A Psychoanalytic Creation Story - Gail Sisson Steger 4. Consideration of Constructs That Organize Clinical Data: Analytic Play, Analytic Surface, Analytic Space - Laurie S. M. Hollman 5. A Woman of her Time (Or Was She?) - Samoan R Barish 6. Trauma, Transference and Healing: A Case Presentation - Toni Thompson 7. The Unstoppered Heart: The Awakening of the Capacity to Love in a Person with a Schizoid Disorder of the Self - Karla R. Clark 8. Vacation Breaks: Opportunities for Partings and Reunions - Cathy Siebold 9. A Case of Stalemate Reversed: A Second Chance - Monica J Rawn 10. The Patient, The Analyst, The Termination Phase: Transference and Countertransference Considerations - Ellen G. Ruderman Coda - The Editors


This paper explores the options for the transition from fossil fuels to renewables for Indonesia's electricity supply. The stimulus for considering such a transition is the need to reduce carbon emissions whilst meeting the electrical demand. We have modelled a phased replacement strategy in which retiring fossil fuel plants are replaced by renewable plants. The modelling computes carbon emissions, energy output and costs. Such a strategy will take up to 2050 to reduce CO2 emissions to near zero. The modelling was then applied to test more rapid retirement of the fossil fuel plants to obtain near zero emissions by 2040 and then by 2030. All of these strategies were accompanied by reducing costs, largely because of the low and reducing costs of renewables. The modelling was also used to check the sensitivity of the outcome to the assumed costs of fossil fuels and the projected reduction in renewable energy costs. The results show that Indonesia could achieve low carbon electricity generation without extra cost and probably with considerable financial savings. The paper goes on to project an expansion of electrical capacity using renewables, and to propose standalone renewable mini-grids for remote communities as cost effective compared to extending the grid system.


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Due to their unique characteristics, two-dimensional (2D) materials have drawn great attention as promising candidates for the next generation of integrated circuits, which generate a calculation unit with a new working mechanism, called a logic transistor. To figure out the application prospects of logic transistors, exploring the temperature dependence of logic characteristics is important. In this work, we explore the temperature effect on the electrical characteristic of a logic transistor, finding that changes in temperature cause transformation in the calculation: logical output converts from 'AND' at 10 K to 'OR' at 250 K. The transformation phenomenon of temperature regulation in logical output is caused by energy band which decreases with increasing temperature. In the experiment, the indirect band gap of MoS2 shows an obvious decrease from 1.581 eV to 1.535 eV as the temperature increases from 10 K to 250 K. The change of threshold voltage with temperature is consistent with the energy band, which confirms the theoretical analysis. Therefore, as a promising material for future integrated circuits, the demonstrated characteristic of 2D transistors suggests possible application for future functional devices.


We would like to take this opportunity to respond to the Commentary by Cannell and his distinguished colleagues' (herein referred to as the "Commentary"). We agree that extensive basic research and adult clinical research performed in the past few decades have demonstrated that the levels of vitamin D required for optimal health are much higher than those needed to prevent rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults; it is also clear that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, newly defined for optimal health, are widespread.2 However, as discussed below, we take a different view on several issues criticized by Cannell et al' in their Commentary. COD LIVER OIL Cod liver oil, available without a prescription for hundreds of years, is a valuable source of vitamins A and D, as well as long-chain omega-3 fatty acids,^ all of which may be important in the prevention of respiratory tract illnesses in children (see below. Frequent Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Children). In many populations around the world, cod liver oil continues to be a valuable source of these important nutrients. The across-the-board dismissal of cod liver oil as a supplement advocated by the Commentary ignores this reality. Since the advent of synthetic vitamins in the 1950s, cod liver oil has gone out of favor in the United States, and a valuable source of omega-3 fatty acids has thereby been lost. Only 2% (2 of 94) of children entering Linday's randomized sites supplementation study had a history of cod liver oil use on study entry.'* One teaspoon of cod liver oil historically contained 400 International Units (IU) of vitamin D, and it was used for the prevention and treatment of rickets .^ However, manufacturing processes for the production and purification of cod liver oil have changed substantially over the years.^ Historically, cod liver oil was "coldpressed,"'^ meaning that the oil was obtained by pressure alone .^ Modern manufacturing methods remove both impurities and vitamins (particularly vitamin D); vitamins A and D may or may not be added back to various degrees. Cod liver oil is not currently regulated or standardized in the United States, and the concentration of both vitamins D and A can vary with the manufacturer, as well as over time. Indeed, as noted in the Commentary,' some modern cod liver oils contain very little vitamin D. One such formulation is Nordic Naturals' Arctic Cod Liver Oil, which contains only 1 to 20 IU of vitamin D per teaspoon.^ On the other hand, the same company's Arctic-D Cod Liver Oil currently contains 1,000 IU of vitamin D per teaspoon,^ whereas in 2005 the formulation bearing the same name contained only 400 IU of vitamin D per teaspoon. In their previous work, Linday et aF-'O-' 1 used Carlson Laboratories' lemon-flavored cod liver oil. Whereas the concentration of vitamin D in this product has remained constant over time at 400 IU per teaspoon, the concentration of vitamin A has steadily decreased. The cod liver oil formulation used in their first supplementation study contained 2,000 to 2,500 IU of vitamin A per teaspoon'"; that used in their subsequent research contained only 1,000 to 1,250 IU of vitamin A per teaspoon"*"; and the current product contains only 700 to 1,200 IU of vitamin A per teaspoon.'2 For children, a formulation that contains 400 IU of vitamin D per teaspoon is consistent with the current recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).^ Use of higher doses of vitamin D should


In the large outdoors performance,lighting designer should mobilize his own subjective creativity and use combination changes of rational light,color,shadow,region and the position,so as to create space,exaggerate atmosphere,set off the stage and characters endowed with even fresher vitality,and addition to the aesthetic feeling of audience.


Banana leaf litter as a microhabitat for cosmopolitan myxomycetes has never been studied in the Philippines. Since Southern Mindanao hosts a number of local banana plantations, ground leaf litters and pseudostems were randomly collected to set up moist chamber cultures that eventually yielded plasmodial or fruiting body records. Fructifications were observed from moist chambers containing the litters from the pseudostem. Five species are reported for this study namely, Arcyria cinerea, Didymium nigripes, Didymium squamulosum, Perichaena depressa, and Perichaena vermicularis. This record calls for comprehensive investigation of agricultural plantations in the country for possible substrate association of myxomycetes.


T table opposite is the twelfth in an annual series describing statistics and trends in world mission. This year we attempt to answer the questions, How many persons down the ages have committed themselves to Christ's mission to the world? How many missionaries have ever served? How many Christians, whether professionals or laypersons, have lived their lives active in mission? The diagram below reports the answers. The wedge represents the world's total force for mission divided into 8 mutually exclusive columns labeled M-1 to M-8. The shaded part (M1 to M-7) represents all persons active in mission. M-1, M-2, and M-3 represent foreign missionaries in Worlds A, B, and C respectively. M-4, M-5, and M-6 represent home missionaries and pastoral workers. M-7 represents the laity active in mission. M-8 represents Christians inactive in mission. Above the wedge in capital letters are eight cumulative varieties of mission recognized by the churches. Below the wedge are fourteen categories used by the churches to report on mission, with 1995 statistical data. At the bottom of the page is a box giving each column's totals of persons at ten points during twenty-one centuries of Christian mission, followed by three lines giving annual changes in 1995. "Losses" are due to retirement, deaths, or changes of vocation. "Gains" represent the annual number of new personnel who joined each category in 1995. "Increase" gives the overall totals, defined as gains minus losses. The final line in bold type gives the cumulative grand total of all persons ever involved in each column's variety of mission-all who have ever served as missionaries or been active in mission. Across twenty centuries, disciples active in Christ's mission have numbered 27 percent of all Christians. That proportion has now risen to 36 percent of all Christians living today.


This paper presents some problems related to the teaching of writing for college English through the writer's personal experiences,and proposes an interactive teaching model,including students' self evaluation and teachers' assessment.


Background Arterial hypertension greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, renal insufficiency, and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Epidemiological studies all document a reduced risk for the aforementioned consequences at a blood pressure (BP) lower than 130/80 mmHg. For this reason, lower target BPs are recommended by recent guidelines committees. A lower threshold BP for treatment, also proposed in guidelines, could facilitate the attainment of the recommended target BP. However, little data exist on the efficacy and safety of starting pharmacological therapy in type 2 diabetic patients exhibiting high-normal BP (HNBP) or the first stage of isolated systolic hypertension previously considered as borderline isolated systolic hypertension (BISH). Objective To determine the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the fixed-dose combination of the non-dihydropiridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) and ACE inhibitor verapamil SR/trandolapril 180/2 mg (V + T), versus trandolapril 2 mg (T), versus placebo (P) in previously untreated type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed as having HNBP or BISH. Methods Multicentric, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a 16-week follow-up in three groups totalling 438 participants. The primary end-point was to attain the recommended guideline goal of a systolic BP (SBP) value lower than 130 mmHg in all patients and a diastolic BP (DBP) value lower than 85 mmHg in HNBP. Participants were randomized (2 : 2 : 1) to verapamil V + T, T, or P. Doses were doubled at week 8 if BP was not controlled. Results Both active groups were more effective than placebo to decrease SBP and DBP. The mean difference in SBP from placebo was 7.1 mmHg (3.3–10.9, 95% confidence interval (CI); P < 0.001) for T and 7.8 mmHg (3.9–11.6, 95% CI; P < 0.001) for V + T, with no statistical difference between both active groups. Combined treatment (V + T) decreased DBP by 4.6 mmHg (2.3–6.9, 95% CI; P < 0.001) more than placebo and 2.1 mmHg (0.3–4.0, 95% CI; P = 0.021) more than T. At the end of the study, 36.5% in the T group, 37.8% in the V + T group, and 14.9% (P = 0.009, P versus V + T and T) had attained the primary end-point. No significant difference was found between T and V + T with regard to the percentage of good control for SBP, but the control rate on the DBP (DBP < 85 mmHg) was significantly higher in the V + T group (88.8%), when compared with T (79.1%) or P (63.5%) (P = 0.002). Withdrawal rates due to adverse effects did not differ among trandolapril alone (9.4%), the combination (11.7%) and placebo (8.1%). Conclusion Antihypertensive treatment is more effective than placebo for controlling SBP and DBP in previously untreated participants with type 2 diabetes exhibiting low threshold BP values. Combination therapy with verapamil SR/trandolapril was more effective than trandolapril alone for controlling DBP.


It is not at once evident what is meant by "the question of the history of philosophy." This essay sets forth a way of looking at that question by locating it on the path taken by Nietzsche's consideration of the question of the philosophy of history.


Crouzon syndrome is an inheritable disease of craniofacial bone hypoplasia. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominance. About 30% of patients have conductive hearing impairment caused by external auditory canal stenosis, or ossicle chain disorder. There are four distinguishing clinical features of the disease: 1) premature development ofcra-nial suture resulting in (Define "obscure suture". What is the difference between a prema-turely developed suture and an obscure suture? You might just want to delete the words "resulting in obscure cranial suture" from this sentence. One reason to consider this is that the words "cranial suture" are redundantly repeated within the sentence, that is you should be able to rewrite without repeating these words. I am having trouble giving you an example rewrite of this without clearer explanation of your definition of obscurity.) obscure suture delineation? As well as limited cranial development so that the skull shape is oxycepharic 2) facial bone hypoplasia, diminished maxillary sinus, mid facial concave-ity, and severe deviation of the nasal septum 3) shallow orbital cavity resulting in protru-sion of the eyeballs 4) temporal mandibular joint malformation resulting in protrusion of the mandible. (Note that age at admission should be give in the Abstract) This paper reports the cases of two brothers, aged? And?, With Crouzon syndrome. They visited our hospital because of chronic symptoms of? nasal stuffiness and hearing impairment. Physi-cal examination revealed deviation of the nasal septum and external auditory canal steno-sis in both patients. Other deformities such as, ocular proptosis, lower lip protrusion, midface concavity, irregular arrangement of teeth, and cleft palate, were also noted. Pure tone audiometry revealed that the both brothers had conductive hearing impairment. Roentgenological examination showed no obvious cranial suture, oxycephaly, facial bone hypoplasia and diminished maxillary sinus. Crouzon syndrome was diagnosed based on the above symptom and feature. Treatment with septoplasty and canaloplasty, resulted in marked improvement in nasal stuffiness but no change in hearing impairment was noted. (Informing is the task at hand-not wishing. This last sentence is too vague and should give a spefic summary of how early diagnosis and treatment might be facilitated in such patients. Rewrite.) Early diagnosis and treatment of Crouzon syndrome may be facilitated by (for example) greater awareness of what (Or for xample, "prompt use of what" tech-nique, etc.? Rewrite this conclusion to be more specific.


In the paper there are presented the main negative effects of the world crisis revealed by the analysis performed in SMEs, there are references to some approaches at the international level, and there are formulated some solutions to combat the crisis and relaunch the SME sector in Romania.


Poly-lactic acid (PLA), an environmental friendly plastic derived from agricultural resources, has been received enormous attention in many applications, including powder-based rapid prototyping (RP). PLA powder can be prepared by dissolving the PLA pellets, typically commercialized form, in dichloromethane and spray into poly-vinyl alcohol solution. However, the obtained spherical powder has low apparent density and tends to agglomerate when it is used in warm environment due to its tacky nature. This results in poor flowability. Presented in this paper is an attempt to determine a condition to improve flowability of this PLA powder. The influence of vibration, temperatures of PLA powder and environment to the flow characteristic were investigated. An experiment was conducted comprising of two levels for vibration and three levels for the rest factors: 0 o C, 10 o C and 24 o C (room temperature). Results illustrated that freezing PLA powder at 0 o C can reduce its stickiness and that the environment's temperature should be controlled at the same temperature in order to avoid the humidity effect while vibration can improve consistency of the powder flow. This condition has been used to design a powder handling unit for a powder-based RP system.


While recognising the contribution of the traditional approaches and the vital role of the economic components of development, this article is an attempt to explore the need for a radical shift from partial understanding of development, as purely economic phenomena, to a comprehensive and integrated appreciation of development as a multidimensional socio-economic process. In an integrated system nothing can be clearly understood and analysed in isolation. Although components of the interconnected system have separate functions, their compositions, cooperative collectiveness, interrelations and interdependencies, that represent the characteristics of the whole, may not be studied and analysed in isolation and require a multidisciplinary or holistic approach. This paper will discuss a paradigm which considers the economic system as a subsystem of the complex social system. It will emphasise that development research must adopt a holistic approach which considers the political, social, cultural, environmental, religious, geographical, educational and economic dimensions of ecologically sustainable development. It will also argue that the present global conditions necessitate a paradigm shift to include social and moral in addition to economic dimension in development research and studies.


MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS AND CLINICAL COURSE Histologic evaluation demonstrated a dermal, nodular proliferation of large epithelioid cells arranged in cords and strands surrounding areas of degenerated connective tissue or necrosis (Fig. 2A). The epithelioid cells were mildly atypical with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and centrally placed hyperchromatic nuclei (Fig. 2B). CD34 (Fig. 2C), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) (Fig. 2D), pancytokeratin (Fig. 3A), and vimentin diffusely stained the neoplastic proliferation, whereas negative staining was noted for CD31, CD68, p63, CK7, CK20, and INI1 (Fig. 3B). These histologic findings and immunohistochemistry results are consistent with a diagnosis of epithelioid sarcoma (ES). Positron emission tomography demonstrated increased uptake in the distal right forearm and right axilla. Fine-needle aspiration of the right axillary lymph node (LN) was positive for ES, although complete axillary LN dissection was negative for further LN involvement. Given the advanced stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel was given resulting in decreased tumor size. An above-the-elbow amputation and an axillary node dissection were performed because of the extent of tumor infiltration. The margins of the amputation were negative, and the node dissection revealed no positive LN.


Introduction This paper explores the productive literacy learning possibilities inherent in young people reading and writing about the environment. It draws on two projects where young people have had opportunities to develop new knowledge about their local places and to become involved in communication about the care of, and the improvement of, those places. Urban renewal from the inside out involved primary school children working with architects to redesign and remake an area of the school grounds into the Grove Gardens. River literacies involved teachers and young people from schools around the Murray-Darling Basin studying and representing their local environment in various media. Developing future directions in literacy education, the theme of this collection of papers, is contingent upon us on learning from our pasts, getting beyond professional bandwagons (which have characterised literacy education) and exploring the affordance of various media.


ly speaking, externalism is easily enough defined. It is simply the view that facts external to a thinker's skin are relevant to the individuation of (certain of) his mental contents. So stated, externalism does not commit one to any specific form of dependence of mental contents on external facts, just to some form of dependence or other. However, philosophers who embrace externalism don't do so because they regard it as a self-evident truth. They embrace it, rather, 199 This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 05:55:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 200 PAUL A. BOGHOSSIAN because their intuitive responses to a certain kind of thought experiment -Putnamian Twin Earth fantasiesappear to leave them little choice.2 And that sort of thought experiment motivates externalism only by motivating a specific form of dependence of mental contents on external facts. In particular, it underwrites the claim that, in the case of an atomic, natural kind concept C, the substance actually picked out by C enters into the individuation of C. To put the claim another way: the substances with which a person actually interacts help determine what atomic, natural kind concepts, if any, that person has.3 To see this, let us remind ourselves how the Putnam thought experiment is supposed to work. Whereas Oscar, an ordinary English speaker, lives on Earth, his molecular and functional duplicate, Toscar, lives on Twin Earth, a planet just like Earth except that the liquid that fills its lakes and oceans, while indistinguishable from Earthly water in all ordinary circumstances, is not H20 but some other substance with a different chemical composition -call it XYZ. Going by whatever criteria are relevant to such matters, water and twin water are distinct kinds of substance, even though a chemically ignorant person would be unable to tell them apart. Now, widespread intuition appears to have it that, whereas Oscar's tokens of 'water' apply exclusively to H20, Toscar's tokens of 'water' apply exclusively to XYZ. Widespread intuition appears to have it, in other words, that Oscar's and Toscar's 'water' tokens have distinct extensions. If this intuition is sustained, then that implies either that their 'water' concepts are not individuated individualistically or that they are not individuated in terms of their referents. For Oscar and Toscar are molecular and functional duplicates of each other: they are alike in all internal respects (up to intentional description). Yet the referents of their concepts differ. Hence, either those concepts don't determine what they refer to in some context-independent way (they are not individuated in terms of their referents) or 2In this paper, I will be restricting myself to externalist theses that are motivated by Putnamian Twin Earth experiments concerning natural kind concepts. In particular, I want to put aside for present purposes externalist theses that are motivated by the influential Burge-style thought experiments involving deference to the usage of linguistic communities. I believe that an argument parallel to the one given in this paper can be mounted for those sorts of externalism as well, but will not argue for this here. 3By the schema 'x individuates y', I just mean that if the value of 'x' had been different, the value of 'y' would have been different, too. By itself, this doesn't tell us anything about what the value of 'y' is for any particular value of 'x'. More on this below. This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 05:55:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 18. WHAT THE EXTERNALIST CAN KNOW A PRIORI they do determine what they refer to and so are not individuated individualistically. It is worth emphasizing that a Twin Earth experiment by itself does not get you all the way to an externalism about concepts; it only gets you as far as this disjunction. It is possible to respond to the experiment, and to the intuitions it generates, by opting for the individualistic disjunct and abandoning the idea that concepts are individuated in terms of their referents. That is the response favored by so-called 'narrow content' theorists. To get an argument for concept externalism you need not only Twin Earth intuitions, you also need to insist that any notion of mental content deserving of the name has to be individuated in terms of its truth conditions, has to determine the conditions for its truth or satisfaction in some context-independent way. Given this further assumption, there is then no option but to say that Earthly and Twin Earthly tokens of 'water' express distinct concepts -water in the case of the former, and let us say, twater in the case of the latter. Let us make explicit, then, the various presuppositions involved in using the TE thought experiment as a basis for concept externalism. First, and least controversially, water and twater have to be thought of as distinct substances, distinct natural kinds; otherwise, it won't be true that Oscar's word 'water' and Toscar's word 'water' have distinct extensions and referents. Second, the word 'water' -whether on Earth or on Twin Earthmust be thought of as aiming to express a natural kind concept; otherwise, the fact that water and twater are distinct natural kinds will not be semantically relevant. Third, Oscar and Toscar have to be thought of as chemically indifferent, as having no views about the chemical composition of the liquid kinds around them; otherwise, they won't end up as functional duplicates of each other in the way that the experiment requires. Fourth, the concepts expressed by the Earthly and Twearthly tokens of 'water' have to be thought of as atomic concepts, not compound concepts that are compositionally built up out of other concepts in well-defined ways. For example, the experiment presupposes that water can't be thought of as capable of being defined as: A tasteless, odorless liquid that flows in the rivers and faucets. For if it were a compositional concept of that sort, its extension would be determined by the extension of its ingredient parts. Hence, a conclusion to the effect that water and twater have different extensions would have to proceed differently than it does in Putnam's original experiment, by showing that one of the ingredients of water -the concept expressed by 'liquid', for examplehas a different extension from that expressed by its Twin counterpart. Finally, and as I have recently 201 This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 05:55:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 202 PAUL A. BOGHOSSIAN noted, concepts must be thought of as individuated in terms of their referents.


In this paper, three validation methods for anechoic chambers above 1 GHz are presented. They are related to the Site VSWR concept developed by CISPR/A. The reciprocal site VSWR method as well as the site VSWR method are proper methods to validate EMC chambers. The use of omnidirectional field probes and omnidirectional antenna does not have a significant impact on the test result The required time for the reciprocal site VSWR method is significantly higher. For antenna and microwave chambers other methods using continuous scan techniques have to be applied.


This paper describes a new methodology based on peak load consideration for reliability evaluation of a generation system. The methodology has been developed using Simpson's (1/3)rd rule for loss of load probability (LOLP) evaluation. Load models are considered as straight line and stepped load duration curve for reliability evaluation. The LOLP evaluation is based on peak load consideration. The probability of load exceeding the generating capacity has also been considered in LOLP evaluation.


Based on the characters of taper roller bearing optimized modeling,the best method——SCDD(synthesised constrained dual descent) method is selected.SCDD method for the optimization of taper roller bearing is described in the paper.


Abstract Chirality is ubiquitous within biological systems where many of the roles and functions are still undetermined. Given this, there is a clear need to design and develop sensitive chiral optical probes that can function within a biological setting. Here we report the design and synthesis of magnetically responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) complexes displaying exceptional photophysical properties (quantum yield up to 31 % and |glum| up to 0.240) by introducing chiral substituents onto the macrocyclic scaffolds. Magnetic CPL responses are observed in these chiral EuIII complexes, promoting an exciting development to the field of magneto‐optics. The |glum| of the 5D0 → 7F1 transition increases by 20 % from 0.222 (0 T) to 0.266 (1.4 T) displaying a linear relationship between the Δglum and the magnetic field strength. These EuIII complexes with magnetic CPL responses, provides potential development to be used in CPL imaging applications due to improved sensitivity and resolution.


Why do legislative brawls persist even though most citizens do not like them? Physical fights in the legislature present an image of extreme discord and bitter conflict in the democratic process. Original survey data from Taiwan, with its extensive history of legislative brawling, find that Taiwanese citizens view brawls and brawling legislators negatively. We argue that brawls persist despite general unpopularity because opposition legislators can strategically send signals to influential actors, such as strong party supporters in the case of Taiwan. An original panel survey conducted before and after a legislative brawl shows evidence consistent with this argument and demonstrates that brawling causes average evaluations of the legislature and of the democratic process to worsen. Thus, this example of persistent, unpopular partisan conflict helps us understand more generally why politicians might deliberately violate democratic norms and reveals some of the broader consequences of such violations for democratic representation and legitimacy.


The present invention relates to a curable composition which can be reliably and sufficiently bond the components of the electronic device. In particular, the present invention can be rapidly cured at room temperature and a high temperature, two-part, relates to halogen-free curable composition.


Switching systems are a particular class of hybrid systems. They are described by several operating regimes, each of them being active under certain particular conditions. When the switching mechanism is perfectly known, it is easy to handle such systems because the active regime can be known at every moment. On the other hand, in the case where no information is available on the switching mechanism, the situation is more complicated. In this situation, it is difficult to carry out a fault diagnosis scheme or to synthesize a control law. This paper proposes some technical points dealing with the determination of the active mode on the basis of the system 's input/output data. The issue of the identification of the switching mechanism 's parameters is also considered.


A new process for production of electrolytic nickel was developed by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. The process employs chlorine leach of nickel matte and electrowinning of nickel from chloride solution. Traditional chlorine leach with relatively low recovery of nickel and sulfur has been innovatedby the research. A counter current leach in the closed circuit was established. The plant employing core technology developed was constructed with a capacity of 330 t-Ni/M in 1989. The following continuous operation served as a good proof that all of the steps comprising the process were practically established. In 1991, construction of the commercial scale plant was commenced and the operation started in 1992. The plant has been successfully practiced and demonstrated superior performance. The matte refining process was finally shut down as all replacement was completed in 1993. The Sumitomo's MCLE process covers the following technical features.1) Application of the MCLE process has increased the production capacity to 2, 300 t-Ni/M even though only the North Tank House is in use.2) Over all recovery of nickel is improved due to a decrease in the process middling.3) Quality of the electrolytic nickel is superior to that of our conventional matte electrorefining process. This is attributed to improvement of quality control by employing DCS and the on-line analysis.4) The existing South Tank House and pyrometallurgical operations originated with the matte electrorefining was shut down and it has led to tremendous man power saving. MCLE has been established as a new highly efficient process for nickel production. This process achieves high productivity and overall cost saving on electrolytic nickel production and, improves working condition and environmental management.


We present carbon nanotube films metamaterials exhibiting extraordinary transmission at the resonant peaks in the THz wave region. Experiment and theory reveal that the transmission resonant peaks originated from the surface plasmon polaritons resonance, which can be changed through altering the lattice constant of array. The proposed metasurfaces were demonstrated to be efficient in THz sensor for pesticides concentrate.


Chapter 2 examines conditional mean and volatility spillover between equity and gold to ascertain if gold is a safe haven for investors. This is achieved using a VAR-GARCH model allowing for simultaneous transmission of shocks between series. This also provides the time-varying inputs for portfolio construction to aid investors' understanding of the interactions between gold and equity. Results reveal that statistically significant return and volatility spillover from equity to gold is nonexistent over a thirty-one year period. On the strength of these results gold is recommended as a safe haven for a well diversified portfolio.
Chapter 3 determines how potential safe havens are affected by the arrival of negative shocks in the stock market. A test for mean and variance spillover from equity to potential safe haven assets is achieved using Cheung and Ng's (1996) two-stage Cross-Correlation Function procedure. Next, information transmission is analysed between equity - gold and equity - 10-year bond based on Volatility Impulse Response Functions developed by Hafner and Herwartz (2006). Results indicate that both assets have the potential to be used as safe havens. However, gold proves slightly more attractive and as such should be chosen over a long-term U.S. Treasury bond.
Chapter 4 presents the uniformed Markov-switching framework of Flavin and Panopoulou (2010) for a more in depth analysis of the relationship between the stock market and potential safe havens. The first test for shift-contagion identifies changes in the normal relationship between assets during periods of high-volatility, while the second test for pure-contagion provides insight into how a high-volatility equity idiosyncratic shock affects other assets. Results suggest that investors should proceed cautiously if simultaneously investing in equity and a 1-year bond.


This paper describes how to design the program of continuous beam and rigid frame based on MATLAB and the matrix displacement method. The paper also points out the demonstration of matrix displacement method and the principle of MATLAB programming. As well as to realize the correspondence between manual calculation and computer calculation, some techniques are included, such as "multiplicative number method" and visual design, which will be shown in this paper. Therefore, this paper will be based on the structural mechanics textbooks, using MATLAB as a programming tool, combined with the principle of matrix displacement method, to achieve the whole process from inputting information to outputting the moment diagram.


The oxalate ligand bridged mixed-metal molecular compounds NBu 4 Co 0.5 II Fe 0.5 II [Cr III (ox) 3 ], 1, and NBu 4 Co 0.5 II Fe 0.5 II [Fe III (ox) 3 ], 2, (where NBu 4 + = tetra-n-butyl ammonium ion, ox 2- = oxalate ion) were prepared. Their magnetic properties were studied in the temperature range of 5 to 300 K in zero-field-cooled as well as field-cooled conditions. Both compounds exhibited some disordered spin structure at low temperatures. The magnetic transition temperatures for these compounds were determined from the temperature dependence of the remnant magnetization under a very low field, which are 1.5 and 37 K for compound 1 and 2, respectively. The compound 1 is ferromagnetic, whereas the compound 2 is ferrimagnetic in nature. The molar magnetic susceptibility variation with temperature obeys the Curie-Weiss law at higher temperatures (>100 K). Compound 2 shows an anisotropic behavior in the hysteresis curve.


Supervisors at all levels need practical advice and specific approaches on how to evaluate staff. This manual provides background principles and proven guidelines for describing positions and evaluating individuals occupying them. Specific examples and step-by-step approaches to job descripiton, job analysis, and performance appraisal should enable supervisors to write job enrichment specifications of an individual employee's job related strengths and weaknesses. Forms and checklists are also included.


GPUs have become ubiquitous in the cloud due to the dramatic performance gains they enable in domains such as machine learning and computer vision. However, offloading GPU computation to the cloud requires placing enormous trust in providers and administrators. Recent proposals for GPU trusted execution environments (TEEs) are promising but fail to address very real side-channel concerns. To illustrate the severity of the problem, we demonstrate a novel attack that enables an attacker to correctly classify images from ImageNet [17] by observing only the timing of GPU kernel execution, rather than the images themselves. Telekine enables applications to use GPU acceleration in the cloud securely, based on a novel GPU stream abstraction that ensures execution and interaction through untrusted components are independent of any secret data. Given a GPU with support for a TEE, Telekine employs a novel variant of API remoting to partition application-level software into components to ensure secret-dependent behaviors occur only on trusted components. Telekine can securely train modern image recognition models on MXNet [10] with 10%–22% performance penalty relative to an insecure baseline with a locally attached GPU. It runs graph algorithms using Galois [75] on one and two GPUs with 18%–41% overhead.


Picture this idyllic scene: A seasoned father strolling with his young son out to the end of a dock jutting into a sparkling lake. The time has come for the lad to learn to swim. Expecting that his caring father would ease him into the water and offer gentle instruction, the boy was eager to master the elements of swimming. In seconds his heart was pounding as he sputtered for air, alarmed to discover that he was immersed in cold water up to his chin. In the distance, he could see his father making crawling motions and yelling, "Kick, kick! Use your arms! You can do it!" Angry, flailing, beseeching, the boy was stunned by the fact that his father had just tossed him into the lake and expected him to swim. That startled, insecure boy represents what a cohort of 17 preservice middle grades teachers encountered as they learned to "stroke the crawl" in a curriculum lass that was to provide an unconventional approach to understanding middle grades curriculum concepts. In spring 2006, as they entered the first session of this middle grades curriculum class, collaboratively taught by two professors, they were given a syllabus that was 70% blank (See Figure 1 for the performance objectives on the syllabus and Figure 2 for the initial outline of course activities prepared by instructors) . Given the students' familiarity with the paradigm of "taking classes" honed from 16 years of a passive education, this was hardly what they were expecting. The cohort of students was told that their challenge, through consensus decision making, was to complete the nearly empty syllabus. They were first to determine the ways in which the objectives for learning about middle grades curriculum would be met and assessed and then to settle on the time and activities to do so. Given a deceptively simple charge on the face of it, the students soon reacted to the shared responsibility for learning much like the young boy. Some of them were gasping for air, trying to figure out what they "really" were supposed to accomplish. Some of them were incredulous and could not conceptualize what was being asked of them, while some expressed feelings of abandonment and resisted participating in a process that felt unnatural. Having never encountered such an openended, ill-structured task, they patiently tried to keep afloat as it became ever more difficult to avoid drowning, all the while hoping that someone would come along to toss them a life preserver. Before the semester began, the students had been assigned to read This We Believe in Action (Erb, 2005) and A Reaspm to Teach (Beane, 2005) in preparation for tne class that met twice weekly for 75 minutes. At that point, the readings were informative for the preservice teachers, but their understanding of the concepts they contained was insubstantial. While they may have acknowledged that they did not truly understand the meaning of terms such as active learning, integrated curriculum, learning community, and democratic classroom, they certainly did not foresee something so drastic being done to help them make sense of the abstract concepts. Nor did they expect they would have to undergo such discomfort to truly understand theoretical concepts. The professors had decided that leaving the planning process largely unstructured would enable the students to experience the terms, in all of their anguish and exultation, thereby making it more likely to result in significant learning outcomes they could apply to their teaching practices. What follows the Background section is a conversation between one of the professors and one of the students who experienced the course and wrote this article as their means of making more sense of their differing perspectives on the experience. Background The seeds for middle grades curriculum can be traced to the "progressive movement," in which reformers such as William Heard Kilpatrick (1918) promoted the project method as a means to experience learning. …


There is increased interest in production of Jatropha Curcas as a biodiesel feedstock by both local and international companies. The increased interest is due to problems associated with major energy sources such as diesel and petro and their availability. This study aims at providing an understanding of the socioeconomic factors that influence farmers' adoption of Jatropha Curcas production as a biofuel technology. The study uses data from 70 Jatropha Curcas farmers in Salima district in Malawi. The results indicated that positive and significant determinants of adoption of Jatropha Curcas production by small scale farmers are gender of the household head, plot size and education level of the household head. Based on extent of adoption, the results show that plot size and education level of the household head are the only significant factors that explain the extent of adoption while marriage status negatively influenced extentof adoption. The study recommends that if Malawi government would like to promote the cultivation of Jatropha crop on commercial basis, consideration for land allocated to Jatropha should be a priority. Promotion may be suitable for large commercial farmers who have lots of land. Keywords: Jatropha Curcas production, adoption, Malawi


Abstract : Four commercial separable connectors were analyzed on the basis of the performance analysis procedure developed and described in technical documentary report No. AFRPL-TR-65-162. Leakage of Helium was measured for each connector under conditions of thermal shock and stress reversal bending. Experimental results were correlated with performance estimated on the basis of the analysis. (Author)


INTRODUCTION: The goal to standardize the interpretations of cardiotopography (CTG) graphs by various guidelines has met with a low degree of agreement between the observer and poor reproducibility. METHODS: The study was commenced following approval of the Institutional Research Committee & Institutional Ethics Committee (AIIMS/IEC/2019-20/824). Intrapartum CTG traces from 165 consecutive women were independently interpreted by six clinicians (three consultants and three residents in training) twice. Inter-observer and intra-observer agreement were calculated by SPSS software version 26 by calculating Fleiss's kappa and Cohen's kappa coefficient, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CTG for neonatal metabolic acidosis were computed. RESULTS: Among all CTG parameters, observed agreement for baseline was substantial (k=0.678) but the congruence for variability was only slightly above chance (k=0.196). Observers had moderate inter-observer reliability for the presence of decelerations among themselves (k=0.595). The intra-observer agreement was greatly influenced by the experience of observers (k for classifying CTG category was 0.552 for the senior consultant versus 0.473 for the junior resident). For detecting moderate metabolic acidosis (pH≤7.10), CTG had sensitivity 75%, specificity 77.78%, positive predictive value 14.6%, and negative predictive value 98.39%. CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize the role of training to improve inter-observer reliability. The higher degree of non-congruence in certain CTG parameters like variability and type of decelerations may perhaps point to the need for further objectivity in defining these parameters. CTG is a good screening tool in a high-risk population and owing to its high negative predictive value provides reassurance to patients and clinicians for fetal wellbeing.


Survey of production practices of rural chickens was studied in three kebele's of Nole Kabba woreda of west Wellega Zone. About 30, 33 and 29 households were randomly selected from poor, medium and rich wealth groups, respectively and 32, 29 and 31 from mid-highland, highland and lowland agro-ecological zones, respectively and a total of 92 households and 18 key informants were used. Finally all the data collected were analyzed using statistical package for social science and Statistical Analysis System. The results obtained revealed that, the overall mean flock size per household was 7.37 chickens which are dominated by local ecotypes. There is no purposeful formulated feeding in the study sites and the birds depend on scavenging with provision of supplementary feed and water. There is no separate poultry houses for night enclosure and the chickens spent more of their times on scavenging in the vicinity of human dwellings.


The design and control of blast furnace (BF) ironmaking must be optimized in order to be competitive and sustainable, particularly under the more and more demanding and tough economic and environmental conditions. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand the complex multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer, and global performance of a BF under different conditions. Mathematical modeling, often coupled with physical modeling, plays an important role in this area. This paper reviews the recent developments in this direction. The emphasis is given to mathematical models for different BF regions from the top charging system, body, and finally down to raceway and hearth. The needs for the further research and developments are also discussed.


Research was carried out on antibacterial activity of Allium cepa. Two different extracts were made from Allium cepa (onion) using distilled water. The extracts include fresh onion extract and cold water extract. The antibacterial activity of the onion was tested on four bacteria isolates associated with various ocular infections. The bacterial isolates include: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumonia. Among the two extracts, fresh onion extracts exhibited antagonistic effects on the test organisms ranging from observed zone of inhibition (average value) of 15mm for Escherichia coli, 17mm for Staphylococcus aureus, 20mm for Streptococcus pyogenes, and 8mm for Streptococcus pneumonia. The antibiotic used as control was ciprofloxacin with zone of inhibition of 17mm for Streptococcus pneumoniae, 17mm for Escherichia coli, 19mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 20mm for Streptococcus pyogenes respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the potent onion extracts shows positive inhibitory effect when an undiluted extracts was used. Also at the lowest concentration (0.015625 and 0.0068) of fresh onion extracts there was growth of all the organisms. From the research conducted it was concluded that there was no antibacterial activity on the test isolates observed with cold water extracts. Further research is encouraged on the pharmacokinetics of the active components; invitro study of the effectiveness of the purified active component, measuring dosage and some other parameters, on various implicated organisms from ocular infections.


The invention relates to a novel method for the comminution of amorphous chemical solids such that particles having a mean particle diameter of d50 < 1.5 mum are obtained. The invention also relates to the use of the comminuted solids in coating systems.


An ambitious new initiative, the National Engineering Policy Centre, aims to bring the profession together to help policymakers make informed decisions


A transient analysis program is described which is now operational on a small computer with 16k words of store. This program, entitled SOTRAP, is able to perform low-cost time response simulation of networks which contain bipolar transistors and diodes. Details are given of the program's convenient input-data format, analysis technique and built-in device models.


Fifty-seven lines of okra including ten parents, forty-five hybrids and two standard checks were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with two replications. Combining ability was carried out to study comparisons of lines in combinations for the traits days to 50% flowering, plant height at harvest, the number of branches per plant, the number of nodes per plant, days to first picking, the number of fruits per plant, the mean length of fruit, the mean weight of fruit, yield per plant , yield per plot , yield per hectare and reaction to yellow vein mosaic disease. The result revealed that the variance to general combining ability (gca) is less than specific combining ability (sca), ratio of that is less than unity indicated preponderance of non additive gene action for all the traits. The parent Akola Bahar was good general combiner, whereas, cross combination Shagun x VNR (Super Green) recorded a significant specific combining ability (sca) effects as far as yield is concerned.


The topic of this study is the Multi Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP). Multiple models for this problem are pointed out and explained in some detail. The models have been implemented in a simulation program. Unique about this study is that the data used for the simulations comes from an existing Dutch transportation company. Results from simulations are that way based on real-life information and not randomly generated data. The most efficient model in this study is the random model with 2-opt, route first – cluster second and a limit of 1.00. Using these parameters to execute simulations for a transport company can help with cost calculations of specific customers and comparing ways of distributing goods.


Secure transmission in full-duplex relay networks is considered in this paper. To ensure security, we propose a network coding assisted relaying scheme, where all the messages are encoded by the transmitter and the full-duplex relay respectively. Specifically, the encoding at the transmitter makes sure that all the coded messages are required to decode a private message. Consequently, security is achieved if the eavesdropper loses one or more coded messages. The encoding at the relay is operated by introducing a public auxiliary message, which changes the eavesdropper's decoding method from combining-before-decoding to combining-after-decoding, and thus decreases the eavesdropper's signal-noise-ratio (SNR) obviously. Intercept probability is used to measure the security, and results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the security performance of full-duplex relay networks.


The conflicts that the progressive dissolution of memory causes to the creation and acceptation of both individual and collective identity are a main point in the philosophical reflexion in the 20th Century. Accepting some Critical Theory authors (especially Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin) as conceptual framework we suggest an interpretation for three films of the filmmaker Alexander Kluge, in which the loose of world experience, memory disarticulation and identity problems play a central role.


The design of hub-type railway stations not only strengthens their connection with cities and transportation systems,but also results in passengers' difficulties in finding ways in the stations: the form makes passengers' spatial cognition more difficult;the huge scale widens the range for wayfinding;the intensified functions increases information processing;the three-dimensional travel brings more complex vertical positioning.So in design,simple and clear building plane and section plans,spatial organization according to the principle of section and level division,more indoor and outdoor site targets,and recognizable well-connected spaces should be considered,to help passengers positioning and increase humane standards of these stations.


User interface design can be viewed as a search in a space of design alternatives. During the early conceptualization stages of application development designers are concerned with identifying the functionality that an application should deliver, the overall style of interactions provided by the interface, and global policies for generating displays. For example, designers might decide what objects and what attributes of those objects ought to be presented to the user, but not how. Later on, designers refine the design to identify the windows that the interface provides, and which objects are displayed in which windows. Finally, designers decide exactly how objects will be presented, how commands will be invoked, and how the various windows are sequenced. Typically, the design process does not proceed in a strict top-down fashion. Designers might work on the details of a presentation before finalizing the conceptual design of the application. The process is iterative [Buxton80], with redesigns based on feedback from representative end-users interacting with early prototypes.


The methodologies, results, and status of investigations for the development of solvothermal, vapor-phase transport, and solution techniques for bulk crystal growth of large diameter GaN and AlN crystals are presented. This work is being driven by (1) the anticipated need for the initial homoepitaxy of ever-thicker GaN films having very low densities of both threading dislocations and unintentionally introduced, electronically important impurities for devices operating at high and very high load levels; (2) the desire to move from lateral to vertical device structures; and (3) recent results of near theoretical breakdown behavior and near system-level performance in vertical GaN diodes grown on GaN substrates. The choice of the substrate dictates the technique and process routes for the growth of Group III-nitride-based thin films and material device structures. Organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy is the commercial process route of choice for the growth of Group III-nitride films. A review of the precursor gases used in this technique, their stability in the growth reactor and reactivity with nitrogen-containing gases, and the choice of diluent for the growth of films of different nitrides is also presented.


"The mineral is monoclinic, space group C2/c or Cc, with cell parameters of a = 9.52 A, b = 11.47 A, c = 5.10 A and beta = 91 degrees 189 (Wodgina) and a = 9.47 A, b = 11.42 A, c = 5.09 A and beta = 91 degrees 029 (Bernic lake). Its composition is expressed by the formula A 16 O 32 , where A represents chiefly Ta, Sn and Mn, with lesser amounts of Nb, Fe and Ti. The relationship of wodginite to columbite-tantalite, ixiolite and olovotantalite is discussed."


The purpose of this study was to illuminate 14-16-year old boys' and girls' conception of their father in a comparison between young people who are living with both of their parents and young people who are living with their single mother, but who are in contact with their father. The main questions were: o How are fathers conceived by young people who are living with their fathers, respectively not living with their fathers? o Does the conception of the fathers' differ in a comparison between young people who are living with their fathers, respectively not living with their fathers, and if so, how? o Does the conception of the fathers' differ in a comparison between boys and girls, and if so, how? The study was conducted, using a qualitative method. Interviews were carried out with nine youths. During the interviews we used an interview guide, with questions deemed to be relevant to get information regarding the youths' conception of their fathers. The result of the study showed that there are great similarities between the groups despite different family constellations and gender. Most of the youths had a good conception of their father. The contact with the father was showed to be of great importance for the conception, as were the age of the youth.


In multi-label classification, we do not only want to analyze individual data items but also the relationships between the assigned labels. Employing different sources and algorithms, the label assignments differ. We need to understand these differences to identify shared and conflicting assignments. We propose a visualization technique that addresses these challenges. In graphs, we present the labels for any classification result as nodes and the pairwise overlaps of labels as links between them. These graphs are juxtaposed for the different results and can be diffed graphically. Clustering techniques are used to further analyze similarities between labels or classification results, respectively. We demonstrate our prototype in two application examples from the machine learning domain.


Abstract Preparation and properties of a ZnO film for high-power microwave transducers are described. The transducer performance has been demonstrated with a microwave delay line. The delay line's operating frequency was 3GHz, the average input power ≥ 1 W and pulse input power > 20 W.


The effects of intravenous metoprolol and propranolol on left-ventricular performance were studied by radionuclide cardiography in eight healthy young men at rest and during exercise. At rest, a fall of 7 to 10 mmHg was recorded in systolic blood pressure after both drugs (p<0.05). The decrease in cardiac output entirely ascribed to relative bradycardia was 18% after propranolol (p<0.01) compared with 6% after metoprolol (p<0.05). Left-ventricular volumes did not change at rest. Systemic vascular resistance increased by 14% after metoprolol and by 28% after propranolol (both p<0.05). During submaximal bicycle exercise the systolic blood pressure fell by 15 mmHg after both drugs (p<0.05). The reduction in exercise heart rate was 17 beats min'1 and 18 beats min−1 (both p<0.01), but propranolol reduced cardiac output by 18% (p<0.01) compared with 5% (p<0.05) after metoprolol, reflecting a reduction in stroke volume induced only by non-selective blockade. A more pronounced left-ventricular end-diastolic dilat...


Abstract: Examination of commercial recombinant human β‐nerve growth factor (rh‐β‐NGF) preparations with polyclonal antibodies specific to 13‐kDa NGF and pro‐NGF‐specific domains revealed the presence of high‐molecular‐mass immunoreactive proteins, including a 60‐kDa NGF prohormone. On incubation with a mixture of N‐ and O‐specific glycosidases, the 60‐kDa NGF prohormone generated a 32‐kDa protein corresponding to the molecular size of NGF precursor predicted by the cloned human NGF cDNA. Highly sensitive chemiluminescence immunoblot analysis of adult rat dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and colon tissues with NGF‐ and pro‐NGF domain‐specific antibodies also revealed the presence of high‐molecular‐mass proteins, including the 60‐kDa NGF prohormone. Based on the presence of the 60‐kDa NGF prohormone in dorsal root ganglia and its efferent tissues, we suggest that proteolytically unprocessed, glycosylated NGF prohormone may mediate interactions between neurons and the tissues they innervate.


Coal mine gear box is the driver transmission of AFC.The usual types and principle of rotary seal on in-shaft and out-shaft in gear box are discussed.The effect and shortage of every seal is analyzed.Point to the direction of rotary seal used in the heavy duty gear box.And offer several samples during selecting the seal.


The post-Columbian incorporation of the Caribbean into the capitalist world economy is associated with dramatic transformations in the regional cultural geography, involving the establishment of export-based agricultural economies through large-scale land clearances, the introduction of exotic plant and animal species, forced human migrations, and the establishment of road networks, ports and other related services. While the nature of change in this agricultural system and its underlying causes have been investigated extensively 1 , other elements of the post-Conquest cultural landscape remain neglected. Relatively little research, for example, has been conducted into the evolution of the military facilities which were required to safeguard and potentially extend such colonial investments. 2 This paper focuses upon the English Harbour region of Antigua which accommodated one of the largest and most strategic British military sites of the eighteenth century Caribbean. The rise and fall of the English Harbour military complex is presented through a series of stages, each of which may be seen in broad terms as a reflection of changing patterns in the great power rivalries, and in narrower but related terms as the consequence of local and regional considerations.


Nucleophilic attack at an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety usually results in conjugate addition at the β-carbon atom (1,4 or Michael addition) or, occasionally, in addition at the carbonyl carbon atom (1,2 addition). Recently, however, addition at the α-carbon atom has been observed when strongly electron-withdrawing groups are positioned at the carbon atom β relative to the carbonyl group [e.g., methyl 3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)propenoate (8) and ethyl 3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)propenoate (24)]. We have performed theoretical calculations [HF/6−31+G(d) and B3LYP//HF/6−31+G(d)] for the addition of cyanide anion to model α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to determine trends in the regioselectivity with respect to properties of the substituents. The difference between the reaction barriers for α- vs. β-addition decreases as the strength of electron-withdrawing groups increases until, for sufficiently strong electron-withdrawing groups, α-addition becomes favored. The calculations are in agreement with the experimental results. We show that the regioselectivity can be predicted from partial atomic charges and properties of the frontier orbitals of the reactants. We also report new experimental evidence of α-addition to polysubstituted cinnamates and cinnamaldehydes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)


Our purpose with this paper was to examine what effect a parent's drinking problem can have for the children in the family. A combination of literature study and qualitative interview analysis was used. The most important research questions were: How do the parent's problems affect the child? In what ways can the social network around the child help it to develop normally despite problems in the home environment? To what extent a parent's drinking problem affects a child depends on many different factors. Based on earlier research and interview data we drew the conclusion that growing up in a family where a parent has a drinking problem has a negative effect on all children. Some children show symptoms during their childhood by being aggressive or avoiding social contacts, for others the problems of their childhood starts to show only when they have their own children. By using different survival strategies the child can manage getting trough the childhood without unveiling to anyone what is happening at home. The most important thing for these children to do well is to have another adult person that they trust and can talk to.


Consumer Loyalty is a strongly held commitment to buy or re-subscribe to certain products or services in the future despite the influence of the situation and marketing efforts that have the potential to cause behavior change. This study aims to examine the influence of differentiation and price strategies in increasing consumer loyalty at Auraku Bandung clinic. The data analysis technique used descriptive verification method. The results showed that the differentiation strategy has a positive and significant effect in increasing consumer loyalty, price has a positive and insignificant effect in increasing consumer loyalty. Simultaneously the differentiation strategy and price together have a significant effect on consumer loyalty at Auraku Bandung clinic. Based on this research, Auraku Bandung clinic should continue to maintain and improve its differentiation strategy. The dimensions that must be improved in a differentiation strategy are product, service, and image. By having superior products, excellent services and a good corporate image, the company will be able to provide prices according to the quality they provide. This is done in order to continue to provide satisfaction to consumers and so that consumers return in the future.


Multilevel inverters generate a level output voltage from DC voltage sources. Requiring nice range of semiconductor switches is main disadvantage of structure inverters. The structure inverters are divided in 2 groups: symmetric and Asymmetric converters. The Asymmetric structure inverters give an oversized range of output steps while not increasing the quantity of DC voltage sources and elements. Although the structure inverters hold engaging options, usage of a lot of switches within the standard configuration poses a limitation to its wide selection application. Therefore, a revived 7-level structure electrical converter topology is introduced incorporating the smallest amount range of unidirectional switches logic gate trigger electronic equipment, thereby making certain the minimum change losses, reducing size and installation value. The new topology is like minded for drives and renewable energy applications.


Analysis of a self-resonant, dual-frequency-matched antenna is presented. The operating frequencies of the antenna are harmonically separated, and 1-GHz fundamental and 2-GHz second harmonic frequencies are used. This type of antenna can be used, e.g., in harmonic transponder applications, where the antenna is loaded with a nonlinear element, which is typically a Schottky diode. In this letter, the impedance properties of the studied antenna are investigated using an example Schottky diode. Compared to conventional 50- environments, the frequency-de- pendent impedance of the Schottky diode provides additional challenges for antenna matching, which are also addressed. Rather than providing a design for an application-specific antenna, the current study presents certain "buildin gb locks" that may be useful for particular antenna designs. Index Terms—Antenna, diode, harmonic frequency, impedance matching, radio frequency identification (RFID), self-resonant, transponder.


Objective To investigate the correlation between the clinic dosage of Huangqi capsule and its efficacy and adverse reaction. Methods Eighty-nine apoplectic patients at the convalescent stage were randomly divided into three groups,the high dosage group,low dosage group and placebo-controlled group.Each subject was administered 3 times per day.Each circle of the treatment lasts for 4 weeks.The patients were administered for 3 treatment circles.The treatment efficacy and adverse reactions were closely observed.Results The drug has significant remedy effect for the high and low dosage groups.The efficacy had positive correlation with the dosage.In the high dosage group,6 patients were cured,16 patients were marked effect,6 patients were effective,2 patients were ineffective.The obvious effective rate was 73.3% and total effective rate was 93.3%.In the low dosage group,2 patients were cured,10 patients were marked effect,12 patients were effective,6 patients were ineffective.The obvious effective rate was 40.0% and the total effective rate was 80.0%.The healing effect of the high dosage group was higher than that of the low dosage group.The improvement rate for neural functional impairment and illness was 93.3% in the high dosage group and 76.7% in the low dosage group,respectively.The comparison between the two groups had statistic significance(P0.05).Skull CT scanning showed that Huangqi capsule alleviates or eradicate cerebral infarction,and the effect for high dosage group was much better than that for low dosage group.The test results before and after treatment showed that the drug could be used to decrease blood viscosity and improve the hemorheological conditions of the cerebral infarction patients,and could prolonged the coagulation time and bleeding time,thus to prevent the development of internal clot and bleeding.Compared with the control group,both the high and low dosage groups had statistic significance(P0.05).Drug adverse reaction observation showed that several patients in the high and low dosage groups and the control group had the symptoms of nausea,skin allergy and constipation,but all these symptoms had no correlation with the drug dosage and no necessary relation with the drug.Patients in all three groups showed no liver and kidney injury,and also had no related death.This indicated that the drug would not cause any adverse reaction. Conclusions That Huangqi capsule have effective healing function to patients with cerebral apoplexy during the recovery stage when the patients are deficient in vital energy with symptoms of blood stasis and vein stasis,the drug also has apparent effectiveness for the treatment of neural functional impairment and cerebral infarction,the drug could also be used to decrease blood viscosity and improve the hemorheological conditions of the cerebral infarction patients,and could prolonged the coagulation time and bleeding time,thus to prevent the development of internal clot and bleeding.The healing effect of the high dosage is much better than that of the low dosage.There is no adverse reaction that has been found.


A series of impact experiments were conducted on 4.76‐mm‐thick aluminum plates to investigate the deformation and damage behavior of two aluminum alloys, 6061‐T6 and 7075‐T6. The Sierra 165 lead‐filled bullet was used to load the plates. Impact velocities were varied from approximately 260 m/s to 370 m/s. The flow stress for 7075‐T6 aluminum is approximately twice that for 6061‐T6 aluminum; however, the ballistic limit velocities differ by only 10%. The 7075‐T6 aluminum plates exhibit less deformation than the 6061‐T6 plates at the same impact velocity, but at some critical velocity, a through‐thickness crack appears in the 7075‐T6 plate, ultimately leading to plate perforation. In contrast, the 6061‐T6 plates continue to deform and fail by ductile tearing. These differences in damage/failure result in the two alloys having much closer ballistic limit velocities than expected based on differences in strength.


The paper extracts the urban ecological environmental quality evaluation index, based on hierarchical analysis model, the integrated use of "pressure-state-response" model, through the frequency statistics method, factor comparison method and expert evaluation method and so on to set up urban ecological environmental quality evaluation system in nearly a decade based on the related data of environment quality evaluation of Zhengzhou city. Results show that from 1998 to 1998, Zhengzhou ecological environmental quality rises year by year, the ecological environment on the basis of good for Zhengzhou city ecological security evaluation and management.


The present invention provides a process for waste byproduct carbon can liners (SPLCB) obtained from the cyclic process for caustic leaching. The process provides a stabilizer for treatment of waste tank liner (SPL) containing Ca / P or SPLCB.


This paper shows that firm life cycle growth increases strongly with manager education using administrative data on the universe of firms and workers in Portugal. Among firms with college educated managers, the average 40-year old firm employs 12 times as many workers as the average entrant, while among firms with primary-school educated managers that ratio is below two. The same pattern holds when tracking a cohort of firms over time and sorting them by manager education at entry. Consistent with the cross-sectional findings, firms that switch to more educated managers experience a sharp increase in growth relative to comparable firms, and I present evidence that indicates the increase is driven by education itself rather than other manager characteristics correlated with education. Turning to possible mechanisms, I find that the results are stronger for managers with degrees in engineering, science, health and business. More educated managers also increase the use of incentive pay and are more likely to report that their products and services are new and incorporate new technologies. These findings suggest that the effect operates through technology adoption and human resource management. I conclude by calibrating a model of heterogeneous firms to explore the aggregate implications of differences in manager education. Moving from the distribution of manager education in Portugal to that of the U.S. would raise aggregate productivity by about 20 percent, accounting for one third of the gap in output per capita between the two countries. ∗I am very grateful to my advisors Andrei Shleifer, Lawrence Katz, Josh Lerner and Alberto Alesina. I thank Ruchir Agarwal, Pedro Bordalo, Raj Chetty, Itzik Fadlon, Roland Fryer, Ed Glaeser, Nathan Hendren, Simon Jaeger, Danial Lashkari, Joana Naritomi, Ariel Stern, Ian Tomb, Gal Wettstein, Tom Zimmerman, Luigi Zingales and Eric Zwick for comments and advice. I also thank Joao Leão and Teresa Feliciano for the opportunity to work with the Gabinete de Estratégia e Estudos (GEE) in Portugal and for their generous guidance.


We explore the edge-state-induced exciton effects in graphene nanoflakes with various edges and shapes. The energy degeneracy of the three triplet excitons is preserved in hexagonal armchair-edged graphene nanoflakes and triangle armchair-edged graphene nanoflakes. However, this energy degeneracy is partly broken in hexagonal zigzag-edged graphene nanoflakes, because of the zigzag-edge-induced spin polarization and the antiferromagnetic coupling between nearest-neighboring edges. And the degeneracy is totally broken in triangle zigzag-edged graphene nanoflakes, due to the spin-polarized edge states and the ferromagnetic coupling between nearest neighboring edges in these systems.


Regional automatic voltage control(AVC) is the major voltage control means of regional power grids.The regional AVC current status,the used basic structure and the hardware software environment are analyzed in this paper.It is pointed out that the computer and information network is the basic framework of AVC.Some current problems of regional AVC are listed and the solutions are discussed.According to the goal of the smart grid building,combined with the demands of regional AVC,several thoughts are proposed,such as the autonomous decentralized control,adaptive control and identification,data flow problem,intelligent search and intelligent alarm.It is considered that the core of smart AVC construction is around automation,information and interactive to enhance the safe and economic operation level of regional AVC.


In diffusion magnetic resonance imaging the measured intensity signal allows to estimate the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), which helps detect- ing the presence of tumors and necrotic areas. This signal is Rician-distributed, so assuming an approximate Gaussian model can lead to serious bias when the signal- to-noise ratio is low. In this work we consider a maximum likelihood estimator of the ADC, also estimating the noise dispersion parameter from the same data, and we propose different experimental design solutions for increasing the accuracy of esti- mates with few observations, based on the optimization of a functional of the Fisher Information Matrix. The proposed methods, implemented in R, are then validated using real measurements performed on a dummy.


In this article, a novelvertical wire-bonding interconnect structure is intelligently modeled and optimized with general artificial neural network (GRNN) and genetic algorithm (GA) for multilayered system in package. A compensation structure is constructed with a hybrid inductive and capacitive technique, while a capacitive stripline with series inductive short-end via is designed underneath the 50-Ω transmission line. The GRNN algorithm is employed to build the electromagnetic model databases during the procedure of GA optimization. In comparison with the conventional optimization algorithm, the output performances can be directly achieved with collaboratively combined methods, which can significantly reduce the calculation time. From the measurement results, the return loss is improved significantly while the parasitic inductive behavior of the bonding wire is eliminated with the presented design. Moreover, compared with the traditional compensation techniques, no additional area is occupied on the surface plane of the wire-bonding interconnection, which is more suitable for the high-integrated circuit system.


We reviewed the use of aciclovir (Zovirax - Glaxo Wellcome) 6 years ago.1 Since then, two more oral antiherpetic drugs have been licensed - famciclovir (Famvir - SmithKline Beecham) and valaciclovir (Valtrex - Glaxo Wellcome). Here we discuss their efficacy and safety, and review their place in the management of patients with herpes zoster (shingles) and genital herpes, comparing them with aciclovir.


This essay explores the sometimes uncanny quality of unconscious experience and unconscious communication that often characterizes life in psychoanalytic relationships. As Ferenczi noted some 70 years ago, the psychoanalytic relationship may "significantly promote the development of subtler manifestations of receptivity." Special qualities of unconscious receptivity and deep points of contact in the psychoanalytic relationship are explored, with reference to the history of psychoanalytic ideas (e.g., Freud, Ferenczi, Singer, Loewald, Symington) and to findings from other fields such as contemporary quantum science. Clinical vignettes are provided to illustrate such phenomena.


Survey responses from 1,023 "john" are used to ascertain the explanatory power of perceived social competence for rape myth endorsement. Ordinary least squares regression was utilized to empirically test this hypothesis while controlling for client demographic characteristics. Perceived social competence, in addition to client race, was demonstrated to be a significant predictive factor of rape myth endorsement. Limitations of the present study and suggestions for methodological improvement are discussed.


Abstract This review details the challenges with the canonical polymer swelling theory in its ability to accurately estimate realistic polymer swelling behavior. It is important to quantify this behavior since the development of new and hybrid materials with dynamic environmental response is expected to drive rapid growth and innovation in markets including biomedicine, electronics, pharmaceuticals, building and infrastructure, and aerospace. As many of these markets require high precision and controlled dynamic response, hydrogels are being investigated to help address some of the heat transfer and fluid flow challenges found in these applications. Stimuli-responsive materials usually respond to one stimulus (e.g., light, temperature, etc.) However, hybrid polymer materials that respond to multiple stimuli can be developed through the mixing of monomer chains with differing behaviors. For these materials, the synthesis conditions influence the polymer behavior in changing environmental conditions, and it is imperative to develop a deeper understanding of how the preparation of the polymer networks impacts the viscoelastic nature of the polymer. The work also discusses the influence that synthesis conditions have on the behavior of thermo-responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). Lastly, the paper describes an inferential, nested regression model developed to highlight the dependence the swelling has on the synthesis technique used.


This paper studies the principles of Raman scattering-based fiber temperature measurement technology and fiber Bragg grating-based (FBG-based) temperature measurement technology. In light of the situation of temperature measurement of GIS bus conductor, it compares the performance and technical indexes of Raman scattering-based temperature measurement scheme and FBG grating-based temperature measurement scheme. On this basis, it selects FBG temperature-measurement scheme for the temperature measurement of GIS bus contact.


Ephemeral wetland vegetation of the Ob River is defined within the limits of Novosibirsk Region and Altai Territory, Russia. Association Cypero fusci-Limoselletum aquaticae (Oberd. 1957) Korneck 1960 (Eleocharition soloniensis Philippi 1968, Nanocyperetalia Klika 1935, Isoëto-Nanojuncetea) prevails on the Ob River low water banks in the forest-steppe zone. On the Ob River, it is represented by subassociation Cypero fusci-Limoselletum aquaticae riccietosum frostii subass. nov. Communities of Peplido alternifoliae-Alismatetum graminei ass. nov. (Nanocyperion Koch 1926, Nanocyperetalia) develop on dirt roads of the riparian zone high levels in high-water years. The new association diagnostic species are Lindernia procumbens and Scirpus supinus. Subassociation Cypero-Limoselletum scirpetosum lateriflori Taran 1995 is transferred to the Peplido alternifoliae-Alismatetum graminei association as variant Cyperus fuscus. The author's data defining ephemeral wetland vegetation of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (73 relevés), including subassociation Eleocharito-Caricetum bohemicae gnaphalietosum rossici Taran 1995 dominating on the low water banks of the Biya River lower course, are summed up in the synoptic table.


This paper presents a UWB pulse shaping algorithm, which uses the liner combination of least square error (LSE) based on multiband approximate prolate spheroidal wave functions (APSWFs). It meets the spectrum restriction of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and avoids ultra-wide band system's interference to the existing narrow-band wireless systems. Simulation results show that the pulse waveforms shaped by this method not only conform to the spectral mask of FCC, but also have higher spectrum efficiency.


This article summarizes the effects of varroa on drones, and explores the potential powerful role of male gamete selection in the breeding of mite-resistant bees.


The paper proposes storage tank models that are informative enough to study and assess the correct storage management a relevant issue for energy efficiency while being at the same time computationally efficient, and easy to integrate with models of different physical domains. The result is obtained by a convenient use of object-oriented modelling, via the Modelica language. After presenting the model, a simulation study is shown and discussed.