The County is divided into four policy areas that serve as the basis for all future land use planning. These include the Suburban, Transition and Rural Policy Areas and the JLMAs surrounding 4 of the 7 incorporated towns within the County. Each policy area has a preferred development pattern that is distinct and will determine the location of public infrastructure and facilities over the next 20 years. Eastern Loudoun largely constitutes the Suburban Policy Area and is in turn made up of four distinct communities namely, Ashburn, Sterling, Potomac and the Dulles Communities. The western two-thirds of the County constitutes the Rural Policy Area, promoting rural economy uses and limited residential development. The Transition Policy Area separates the two and is envisioned to support distinct development patterns that will serve as spatial and visual transitions between the Suburban and Rural Policy Areas. A Joint Land Management Area (JLMA) is an area surrounding an incorporated town that is planned to eventually be served by town water and sewer. These areas are governed by the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors, but are anticipated to be annexed by the towns and are jointly planned by the County and the towns. Data are compiled from the Loudoun County General Plan and subsequent Area Management Plans.


Paper presented in the workshop 'SMEs, CSR and employment relations in a global economy' at the USE 2015 Conference, Groningen, Oct 21-23 2015 European labour market integration has, unfortunately, also led to attempts at unfair competition on employment conditions s. Competitive pressures to lower labour costs can gradually lure to explore and (un)consciously cross the borders of fair competition into dubious to illegal practices. Next to workers who may not receive all the benefits they are entitled to, one other category of potential victims are 'fair' employers, as they may lose market share to 'unfair' employers that compete with lower prices based on unfair labour practices. State governance and legal prosecution are currently not able to effectively combat all such practices. In the Netherlands, in some problems apparently became severe enough that employers and other parties joined forces and developed self-regulation initiatives, such as a certification system. This paper explores this emerging field of practice. Section 2 presents an overview of a number of different emerging initatives in the Netherlands based on desk research, Section 3 explores one of those cases – from the mushroom -a bit more in depth based upon desk research and a number of interviews. Based upon this exploratory research, section 4 develops a conceptual framework that can be used to analyse them. Section 1 first discusses the underlying problem of unfair competition, and specifies the research question.


An investigation has been carried out on the friction stir welding of four magnesium alloys. These consisted of one wrought and three die-cast magnesium alloys, including those containing manganese such as AM50 and AM60, and also zinc such as AZ91 and AZ31 (wrought material). All of the alloys have each been successfully welded to themselves and also to each other, without any problems from the trapped gases in the cast materials, but the tolerance box of processing parameters to ensure that sound welds are produced has been found to be more restrictive than those seen in friction stir welding aluminium alloys.


example, the oceans and the universe) to raise the question of the profoundly ambiguous and potentially apocalyptic relation between humankind and technology. Accordingly, the Dialogue can plausibly be read along three different lines. First, together with Land und Meer and Der Nomos der Erde, it is a minor, yet not less fascinating, chapter of Schmitt's history of modern geopolitics. Second, it represents an appendix to Der Begriff des Politischen, exploring new potential Zentralgebiete (central spheres) for the display of conflict on a global scale. Finally, it offers an intriguing account of Schmitt's philosophy of history and his views about the fate of humanity at the twilight of (Eurocentric) history. While Zeitlin and Berman's introductions to this new edition of Land und Meer successfully provide a detailed account of the intellectual and historical background of the text, the editors of the first edition of the Dialogues abstain from raising importantion questions and, when they do, their answers are not entirely persuasive. For example: why did Schmitt, one of the most systematic jurist and state theorists of the twentieth century, choose a quite unusual genre for a scholar of his kind, such as the dialogue? What is the philosophical relevance of his choice? What message did he tacitly want to convey? Nonetheless, both editions make a significant contribution to the Schmitt literature and will be of interest to a variety of audiences—from political theorists to intellectual historians and international relations scholars.


introduction: Recently it has been shown that butyrate, a bacterial product from the fermentation of fiber in the colon, is involved in protection against colonic inflammation. GPR109A/HCA2 and GPR43 are the best-known receptors for butyrate. The signaling of both promotes anti-inflammatory properties in colonic macrophages and dendritic cells and enables them to induce differentiation of IL-10 producing regulatory T cells (Treg). Skin autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases e.g. psoriasis are driven by dysregulated Treg responses. Since stimulation of GPRs is necessary for homeostasis in the gut and their deficiency enhances susceptibility to colitis, we asked whether a similar pattern can be found in psoriasis. aim of the study: To compare the expression of GPR109A/HCA2 and GPR43 and its induction upon butyrate treatment in the healthy and psoriatic skin. materials and methods: Biopsies from the lesional and non-lesional skin of 6 psoriatic patients and 6 healthy controls were analyzed for the expression of both receptors using immunofluorescence microscopy. Then biopsies from psoriatic and healthy skin were stimulated with sodium butyrate for 24 hours or left untreated. Afterward, immunoflu- orescence analysis was performed. results: The expression of GPR109A/HCA2 and GPR43 was significantly reduced in lesional skin in comparison to healthy control skin. The expression of both receptors in the non-lesional psoriatic skin was also decreased but to a lesser extent. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a significant upregulation of both GPRs upon butyrate treatment. Conclusions: The role of sodium butyrate as an agonist of GPRs and potential inducer of Treg in inflammatory skin diseases may allow the development of new therapeutic strategies for psoriasis. discovery skin analog HPA the psoriatic skin response to In the steroidogenesis is impaired in psoriasis lesion and non- -lesional skin. Whether this is a starting disturbance or the effect of the global HPA axis dysfunction is not known. aim of the study: The aim was to test whether severity of psoriasis is related to ACTH/cortisol index, as a marker of HPA axis function. materials and methods: The study consisted of 40 patients with psoriasis (12 women/28 men) after written informed consent. Severity of disease was assessed by PASI, BSA and DLQI. The concentrations of serum ACTH, cortisol and other basic laboratory tests were measured. Body composition parameters were measured. results: The prevalence of mild psoriasis was in (PASI < 12) 6 cases, moderate (12 < PASI < 30) 22 cases and severe (PASI > 30) 12. We found the positive correlation between ACTH/COR with PASI (p = 0.0487), and negative correlation with Age (p = 0.0254). There was no significant correlation between the ACTH/COR and bioimpedance results. Conclusions: Our analysis shows the relation between the balance in HPA axis and the PASI, which indicates that not only skin-derived HPA axis is affected. Further natural step in appearance of these evidence are longitudinal studies in risk group of psoriasis, revealing if changes are primary or secondary. leptin, hsCRP There no correlation between PASI, BSA a serum adipokines levels. found a significant correlation between PASI and hsCRP (p 0.024); and (p = 0.045), hsCRP (p < 0.0001), TChol (p = 0.010), HDL (p = 0.001), LDL (p = 0.020). TChol correlated with BSA score (p = 0.016) and with resistin (p = 0.040). Conclusions: Our study did not directly show the relationship between adipokines and psoriasis. But due to limitations of our study (most patients obese or overweight), we cannot say that this interaction does not exist, as epidemiologic data underline the interplay. Further studies are needed to deeply understand the role of adipokines in psoriasis. 17 the correlation is positive (Τ = 0.101; p = 0.0327). In men we did not notice any statistically significant connection between BMI, age and severity of the acne lesions. Conclusions: Initial findings indicate that higher BMI is protective factor against acne in mature women. On the other hand, in women younger than 18, higher BMI is a significant risk factor for more severe acne lesions. index is highly correlated with the levels of specific androgens. Conclusions: Dermatological signs of the functional hyperandrogenic syndrome are in close correlation with sexual function. It is essential for a physician to recognize these signs and direct patients not only to a dermatologist, endocrinologist but also to a sexologist. SD. Patients suffering from AD obtained the TEWL statistically significantly lower in the area of changed skin and 2 cm away from the atopic changes when the TIMP concentration is higher than MMP-1 concentration (Mann-Whitney test, Z = 1.624, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Predominance of TIMP-1 over MMP-1 reduces TEWL and maintains correct hydration of the epidermis. AD was their doctor. However, 60% of them found the information on the Internet. Conclusions: To conclude, AD has a great impact on sufferers and their family life. There is a necessity to provide patients' parents with sufficient amount of information about the disease via qualified personnel. The based on a retrospective A total of 66 patients suspected of photosensitivity underwent photopatch tests with 38 photosensitizers. The reactions were scored using the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group visual scoring system. of of patients UVB and UVA phototests were performed results: 41 out of 66 patients (62.12%) presented hypersensitivity to UVB radiation, and 6 (9.09%) presented hypersensitivity to UVA radiation. Positive photopatch test reactions to one or more chemicals were detected in 49 patients (74%). The most common photosensitizers were coal — 31 patients (63%), peru balsam — 13 patients (26.5%) and nickel — 12 patients (24.5%). Conclusions: Photopatch testing remains an integral for the work-up of the photosensitive patients. and methods: pa- record- Each a detailed interview about the diagnostic procedures and drugs used so far. results: Eleven patients were selected: 9 women and 3 men, mean age was 51 years. 100% patient was treated with local antibiotics and 45% were used oral antibiotics. In 82% patients local glicocortycosteroids were used. 18% were treated with arechin. 1 patient used Wilkinson ointment. Antifungal local drugs were used in 33% patients. In 100% of patients, no clinical improvement was observed during any of the treatments. Psychological support was offered to 100% of the patients and was accepted by 45%. Conclusions: Each of the patients with SISD before the diagnosis is treated with many pharmaceuticals. After establishing the diagnosis, the patient's cooperation with the dermatologist, psychiatrist and psy-chotherapist is necessary in the therapeutic process. introduction: Tumor-associated antigens are a group of proteins usu- ally restricted to tumor cells although they may also be expressed on normal cells as well as on inflammatory cells. Recent data indicate that the production of these antigens may be increased in autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis. aim of the study: Retrospective analysis of patients with systemic sclerosis in whom at least one tumor-associated antigen was assessed. materials and methods: We reviewed clinical files of 51 patients with systemic sclerosis both localized and diffuse (43 [84.31%] and 8 [15.69%], respectively) hospitalized in 2005−2017. Median age was 66 (range: 37−88). In all patients, at least one tumor-associated antigen, including CA 125, HE4, CA 19-9, CEA, CA 15-3, AFP and CA 72-4, was assessed. results: The most commonly assessed tumor-associated antigens were: CA 125, CA 15-3, CEA — assessed in 48 (94.12%) patients. CA 19-9, AFP, HE4, CA 72-4 were evaluated respectively in 47 (92.16%), 38 (74.51%), 29 (56.86%), and 10 (19.61%) patients. 27 patients (52.94%) had increased levels of minimum one antigen — 21 (77.78%) with localized and 6 (22.22%) with diffuse scleroderma. In all cases antigen levels were assessed to monitor the immunosuppressive therapy and to exclude malignant process. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that levels of tumor-associated antigens were increased in some patients with systemic sclerosis. Moni- toring of tumor-associated antigens in systemic sclerosis enhances the safety of long immunosuppressive therapy and enables fast diagnosis of malignant condition. Further research could determine the relevance of tumor-associated antigens in systemic sclerosis. a proper Lichen sclerosus is skin disorder with symptoms like pruritic, burnings, soreness, dyspareunia and signs like hyperkeratosis, erosions, fissures. Lichen planus occur with very similar symptoms and that's why clinical lesion is not always characteristic for just one of this skin disorder. aim of the study: The aim of the study is to explore the role of dermoscopy in identification of lichen sclerosus and lichen planus of the vulva. materials and methods: Study analyzed 10 clinical cases with histo-pathologically confirmed lichen sclerosus or lichen planus of the vulva. Evaluation of specific patterns was performed with the use of images from the dermoscopy assay. results: The most common dermoscopy findings of lichen sclerosus are: white to yellowish structureless areas, ice-like patches, white dots, irregular vessels. The most common dermoscopy findings of lichen planus are white scaling patches, reddish areas, irregular vessels. Conclusions: Dermoscopy may serve as a rapid non-invasive method for the preliminary diagnosis of lichen sclerosus and lichen planus of the vulva. introduction: The most common skin changes on the face are skin neoplasms. However, many inflammatory dermatoses may also occur on face, particularly on the forehead. aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of non-cancerous skin changes biopsied from the forehead. To our knowledge, no previous studies in this field have been reported. mate


This Paper represents a new method, which uses defected ground structure (DGS) on the ground planes of microstrip lines, to reduce the size of the Schiffman phase shifter. DGS on the microstrip line shows an increased slow-wave effect due to the additional equivalent L and C components. So the electrical length of transmission line with DGS is longer than that of standard transmission line for the same physical length. Then, the length of transmission line with DGS can be shortened in order to maintain the original electrical length to be same. The performances of reduced phase shifter with DGS are quite similar to the ones of original Schiffman phase shifters. We can reduce the size about 15% using the DGS in original Schiffman phase shifter.


We propose a variable length Message Authentication Code (MAC) scheme for secure communication between Automated Metering Interface (AMI) devices and collector nodes in the smart grid. We prove the security of this scheme and analyze its performance with respect to three attributes namely: (i) communication overhead, (ii) verification delay and (iii) memory usage. The proposed scheme reduces the time for verification by at least two orders compared to existing hash based authentication protocols. The scheme thus provides an efficient solution to support high frequency exchange of large volume messages.


In the invention according to a biodegradable starch bowl, non-modified starch, 20 ~ 60wt%, pulp fiber powder 5 ~ 30wt%, solvent 30 ~ 60wt%, the photocatalytic 0.1 ~ 2.0wt%, a preservative 0.01 ~ 1wt% and the release agent 0.5 ~ 5wt by heating and pressing for the biodegradable starch composition container consisting% and a container formed in a desired shape, provides a biodegradable starch bowl, it characterized in that the biodegradable film attached to the interior surface of the vessel. In the present invention, the method comprising: preparing the composition (S1); A step of heating and pressing the composition to form the container of the desired shape (S2); Heating to soften the biodegradable film (S3); And by pressing the film into the container by air drawn vacuum after, or injection at a location outside the said softened film to the molded container top, comprising the steps of close contact with the film on the inner surface of the container (S4 ); it provides a process for the preparation of biodegradable starch bowl comprising a. According to the present invention, there is provided a biodegradable starch bowl, sterilized, giving the deodorizing function, and it is possible to increase the long-term storage stability, and impart mold releasability, and also, it is possible to easily secure a sufficient water resistance, to reinforce the strength of the container It will achieve the effect. The biodegradable, starch bowl, the photocatalytic pulp fibers, non-modified starches, preservatives, release agents, film


Introduction: Our study provides data on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) related disease and vaccination rates among users of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a primary care clinic. Results highlight an opportunity to partner HIV and HPV prevention efforts. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of PrEP patients in an urban Midwestern Family Medicine clinic. We conducted univariate analyses for HPV vaccination status and the prevalence of any HPV-related disease. We then examined bivariate relationships between vaccination status and insurance coverage, provider type, and age. Results: Of all 78 PrEP patients identified, 21.8% (n = 17) were vaccinated. Of the 59 patients 45 years or younger, 28.8% (n = 17) were vaccinated. There was no association between insurance or provider type and vaccination status. Patients 26 years or younger were 3 times more likely to be vaccinated than those ages 27 to 45 (56.3% vs 18.6%, P = .0011). Three unvaccinated patients had HPV-related disease. Conclusions: Despite ongoing risk of HPV infection and frequent interaction with the medical system, this study found most PrEP users continue to be unvaccinated. This is a significant missed opportunity for HPV prevention. With the FDA approval of the HPV vaccine for individuals age 9 to 45, PrEP patients in this age range would benefit from clinicians partnering HPV vaccination with PrEP prescribing.


The synthesis and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) from simple catalytic precursors at 900 °C from methane and hydrogen is demonstrated. The catalyst precursor is comprised of iron nitrate and a commercially available siloxane polymer solution and is applied to various substrates via spin coating or dipping. The siloxane matrix simultaneously provides for the controlled formation of catalytic nanoparticles via phase separation and, upon heating, a smooth, continuous film of SiOx, which prevents catalyst coarsening and agglomeration at growth conditions. Furthermore, the processibility of the polymer enables the formation of complex, 3D structures from which nanotubes can grow. This combination of processing ease, flexibility, and inherent multifunctionality provides facile, controllable growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes on a multitude of substrates and facilitates additional routes toward SWNT-based device fabrication.


An academic organization network, e.g., a campus network, is running with limited financial support and manpower while it faces the same operational issues and cybersecurity threats as other organizations. Including the existing network facilities and computers for service providing, the increase of mobile devices such as BYOD becomes an issue in terms of misconfiguration and vulnerabilities. The current security systems focus on the backbone network so that the detailed traffic monitoring and data analysis cannot cover the abnormal behavior of all individual endpoints. In general, a misconfigured or intruded computer conducts some abnormal behavior, e.g., sending stray packets, compared to a normal device. Based on this point, we propose a lightweight abnormality detection mechanism by monitoring the stray packets in order to mitigate the above issues. As a result, not only the abnormal behavior can be detected but also maintain the performance of the existing security systems. In this paper, we describe the design and architecture of our proposed 'Traffic Analyzer', including the implementation and evaluation of our prototype system.


Masked implantation enhanced intermixing (MIEI) offers the advantage of a full planar technology for realization of gain coupled (GC)-DFB-lasers with the potential of a simplified laser/waveguide coupling with a reduced number of process steps for integration. The high implantation contrast reached in the AlGaInAs/GaInAs material system offers the capability of defining DFB-gratings by implantation. The process is based on the precise control of MBE grown Al/GaInAs/GaInAs-MQW's in terms of high control of uniformity (lateral and vertical) as well as on the overgrowth of implanted regions necessary to accomplish a complete laser structure. We demonstrate GC-DFB-laser operation based on MIEI gratings and in addition the variation of GC-DFB-laser modulation speed by suitable design of the MIEI grating period. Additionally, cleaning of Al-containing surfaces by H* radical treatment for native oxide removal and successful MBE regrowth on AlGaInAs surfaces as a basic requirement for overgrowth of implanted regions is demonstrated.<<ETX>>


Past research shows that democracy is valued more in affluent societies with challenging climate than in other societies. Building on this finding, the present study examines how the amount of institutional and value support for cultural pluralism in a society is related to its climate and level of innovation performance. Cultural pluralism is defined as the societal condition in which minority groups within a society can maintain their distinctive cultural identities, values, and practices provided that they are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society. Institutions and values that support cultural pluralism include political democracy, tolerance for uncertainty, prioritization of secular-rational values, and openness to foreign cultures. I hypothesize that institutional and value support for cultural pluralism is stronger in societies with more challenging climate and higher innovation performance. I tested this hypothesis using society-level measures of harshness of climatic condition and innovation performance as predictors. The results showed that in societies with demanding climate and high innovation performance, their citizens tend to support democracy, are more tolerant of uncertainty, prioritize secular-rational values, and take more leisure trips outside of their home country. These results illustrate that innovation, through its moderation effect on climate, predicts the amount of institutional and value support for cultural pluralism, highlighting the reciprocal effects of culture and innovation.


How to stabilize ailing, failing or disintegrating states is an inherently difficult question. It is also one which is increasingly dominating international agendas. As both the number and intensity of internal conflicts has dramatically risen in the last decades, growing interconnectedness has made it ever more difficult to cordon off instability and lawlessness seeping from failing states. Consequently, the international community has increasingly become engaged in the post-conflict reconstruction of states. Given the global normative consensus around the democratic principle, virtually all international efforts have stressed the importance of elections as a means of establishing legitimate governance. But elections rarely ensure the necessary stabilization of a fractioned society. In fact, elections can easily contribute to further polarization if they are held in an environment of intense competition over power and resources, and amidst an immature institutional framework. The reason elections have become the instrument of choice of many international efforts is the relative ease with which they can be implemented, as well as the high normative premium attached to the idea of popular sovereignty.This paper explores the different theoretical models that underlie constitution-making, highlighting the conceptional differences often masked by the dominant focus on elections.


A signal decomposition method which utilizes a multi-layer dynamic network to automatically decompose a clinical electromyogram (EMG), without supervision, is proposed. Due to the lack of a priori knowledge of motor unit potential (MUP) morphology, the EMG decomposition must be performed in an unsupervised manner. A neural network classifier, consisting of a multi-layer neural net of perceptrons and using an unsupervised training strategy, is proposed. The neural network learns repetitive appearances of MUP waveforms from their suspected occurrence in a given filtered EMLG signal by using an unsupervised clustering strategy. Upon training, the network creates stable attractors which correspond to nominal representations of MUP clusters hidden in the data. The decomposition/clustering capabilities of the proposed method are validated on a real EMG signal and on an unlabeled signal set.<<ETX>>


Based on empirical mode decomposition,a wavelet threshold denoising method is presented to solve the signal denoising problem of low signal-to-noise ratio.By contrast with wavelet threshold denoising,the experimental results proved that this method is very efficient and stable in denoising when the signal to noise ratio is rather low.Furthermore,a new way of studying the dynamical signal from structure under environ- mental pulsating loads is proposed.


Abstract This paper studies the feasibility of retrieving aerosol concentrations in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) with a variational data assimilation (VDA) algorithm using dual-wavelength lidar returns and visual range simulated at multiple times. Aerosols are assumed to consist of nucleation, accumulation, and coarse modes, with each mode distributed in a gamma distribution. The VDA algorithm retrieves initial vertical profiles of aerosol concentrations of the three modes, which are predicted by a 1D PBL model. The accuracy of retrieved aerosol concentrations of the three modes is examined through a series of identical twin numerical experiments. For the VDA algorithm that uses data from a lidar wavelength pair (0.289, 11.15 μm), results show that 1) if both random and systematic errors in the observed data are less than 1.0 dB and the number densities of accumulation and coarse modes are, respectively, 0.025–0.25 and 0–1.25 × 10−3 times that of the nucleation mode, relative errors in the retrieved...


Abstract Individual spongy mesophyll cells in green areas of variegated Coleus blumei leaves were injected with the symplast-mobile dye lucifer yellow and its movement to other cell types was followed with fluorescence microscopy. In 13 trials, the dye remained in the injected cell twice, moved only to other mesophyll cells five times, and moved up to and along minor veins six times. Where extensive movement of the dye occurred, the tissue was fixed with 4% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated, embedded in plastic, sectioned at 3 μm, and examined again with fluorescence microscopy. The dye was found in abaxial bundle-sheath cells for up to 200 μm or more distant from the site of injection near the minor vein, but no convincing evidence was found for its presence in the vascular tissue itself. It thus appears that superficial whole-mount views of lucifer yellow movement along leaf minor veins cannot be taken as certain evidence for symplastic transport of the dye into and along the vascular tissues.


This work presents a four year project Đuro Sudeta's birth centenary: from the reprint to the e-book: digitisation of heritage (2003-2007), which was initiated in order to celebrate the centenary of birth of Ðuro Sudeta, and was realized through the mutual collaboration between Bjelovar-Bilogora County and the Literature Department of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The project was carried out through the following activities: Professional Conference about Duro Sudeta, the presentation of the reprint of "Mor" to celebrate Duro Sudeta's birth centenary; organizing the Scientific Conference about Duro Sudeta; publishing and presenting the collection of essays Đuro Sudeta ― a poet and a storyteller ; creating the web page Đuro Sudeta on the Internet; creating a CD-ROM: Đuro Sudeta ― a poet and a storyteller: on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of his death. By presenting the regional heritage, this project points out the cultural particularities of the Bilogora-Podravina region, thus making the works of Đuro Sudeta more accessible.


Abstract : Early studies of the temperature, density, and velocity fields in the sea were performed from a hydrographic perspective. The expectation was that one could chart the oceans structurally. The carts, once drawn, would remain valid. The tools of hydrography were the reversing thermometer and the Nansen bottle. These yielded a picture of the ocean interior on vertical scales of hundreds of meters, horizontal scales of tens of kilometers. From very early on it was appreciated that smaller scale phenomena were active in the ocean interior. Yet it was difficult to infer the role these small scale motions played in maintaining the hydrographic fields. With contemporary sensors far clearer pictures of the small-scale oceanic fields are emerging. Yet the difficulty in quantifying the interaction with the hydrographic-scale ocean remains. In this work we concentrate on motions of vertical scale 3-50 m. Over this range, the scalar fields transition from highly skewed to nearly Gaussian behavior. The objective of this work is to quantify this transition in a statistical sense, with a particular focus on strain, shear and Richardson number.


Objective: To discuss the healing effect of emergency diagnosis and treatment on posttraumatic cervical whiplash injury.Method: 48 cases post cervical whiplash injury patients with symptomatic emergency were diagnosed and treated from Feb.2008 to Apr.2010 in our hospital,All the clinical symptoms were observed,recorded behavioral score 24 hours,2 weeks,4 weeks after treatment,and evaluate the overall effectiveness by emergency treatment.Result: In all 48 patients,1 case with tonic neck tenderness,2 cases with hand,shoulder radiating pain,all patients without tinnitus,dizziness,nausea,anxiety,insomnia and other symptoms,compared with before treatment.There's statistical difference(P0.01).The combined behavioral score was(4.36+0.03) before treatment,and it was(3.20+0.05) 24 hours,2 weeks,4 weeks after treatment,(3.18+0.02),(2.3-0.04),were lower than those before therapy,the difference has statistically significant(P0.05 or P0.01).After treatment,effective in 32 cases,excellent in 14 cases,ineffective in 2 cases,the total effective rate was 95.6%.Conclusion:It's effective to diagnose and treat reasonablely according to the imaging and symptom.


The purpose of State Property Elimination Procedures is to barricade misuse, and to know procedures for eliminating and utilizing conducted by LEMIGAS. Conclusions in this writing are the elimination procedure of state property consists of three parts namely: unit of property control, unit of inventory assistant and unit of inventory caretaker.


A huge number of genomic information, including protein and DNA sequences, is generated by the human genome project. Deciphering these sequences and detecting local residue patterns of multiple sequences are very difficult. One of the ways to decipher these biological sequences is to detect local residue patterns from them. However, detecting unknown patterns from multiple sequences is still very difficult. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, based on the Gibbs sampler method, for identifying local consensus patterns (motifs) in monomolecular sequences. We first designed an ACO (ant colony optimization) algorithm to find a good initial solution and a set of better candidate positions for revising the motif. Then the Gibbs sampler method is applied with these better candidate positions as the input. The required time for finding motifs using our algorithm is reduced drastically. It takes only 20% of time of the Gibbs sampler method and it maintains the comparable quality.


The article presents a historical background on the use of tear gases in war and civilian riot control activity. The classification of chemical compounds used as irritants, and their structure - activity relationship established through different studies has been examined. A review of toxic effects which is different from irritancy of Adamsite, w- chloroacetophenone (CN), o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) and Dibenz (b,f), [1, 4] - oxazepine (CR) has been presented.


Molecular dynamics simulation was used to explore the thermal sensitivity,thermal expansion and mechanical properties of PBX9501 explosive at different temperatures and pressures.The change in maximum trigger bond lengths of components in the sysem was used to judge the influence of temperature on the thermal sensitivity of the system.The thermal expansion coefficients at different temperatures were predicted.The variations of mechanical properties with temperatures and pressures were analyzed by static mechanics theory.The results show that the sensitivity of PBX9501 increases with increasing temperature in the range of 295-450 Kand the maximum trigger bond length increases significantly at 375 K.The thermal expansion coefficient decreases with the increase of temperature.The brittleness is more remarkable with increasing temperature,and the toughness is better with increasing pressure.


【Objective】 Effects of plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) on defense response to mechanical wounding were investigated. 【Method】 Using pea (Pisum sativum L.)seedlings as materials,treated by mechanical wounding,and using methods of enzymes activity measures,western blot detection and electron microscope cytochemistry,the effects of mechanical wounding on PM H+-ATPase activities were observed. Furthermore,the relationship between PM H+-ATPase and accumulation of active oxygen in inducing wounding defense response was studied. 【Result】 Mechanical wounding induced the increasing of PM H+-ATPase activity,but did not change its content; suppressed PM H+-ATPase activity,inhibited H2O2 accumulation which has been induced by wounding and also inhibited the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity's increasing,while application of active oxygen scavengers had no effect on the wounding-induced PM H+-ATPase activity increasing. 【Conclusion】 It is thus suggested that PM H+-ATPase participated in signal transduction of defense response to mechanical wounding,which acted on the upstream of reactive oxygen signal and induced the formation of defense response on the downstream by protein phosphorylation regulation.


Numerical analysis has been performed of time-space structures in a large turning angle axial cascade subject to unsteady incoming wake excitation. The results have shown that intentional unsteady excitation could increase the cascade's time-averaged performance. As a result, the vortex structures corresponding to the external exciting frequency are strengthened and other disordered vortices are involved, so that the separation structures of the suction surface are translated from disorder to order. Two interaction regimes between incoming periodic wakes and separation structures are analyzed, indicating that turbulent kinetic energy can enhance momentum interchange and that wave-vortex resonance can promote rolled-up and plus-minus pairing of vortices. Based on these, responses of separation structures from two periodic incoming wake regimes are compared. The feasibility of far-field noise reduction in ducting fans by using periodic incoming wake is considered.


The problem of alpha decay of deformed even nuclei is treated by assuming the barrier to be the usual anisotropic electrostatic potential superimposed by a nonlocal alpha -nuclear potential. With certain assumptions a formula for the hindrance factor (H.F.)l is derived. From straightforward calculations, and with a single value of epsilon 8 for different nuclei, the values of (H.F.)8 are found to be within 50% of the empirical values, whereas the values from the shell-model theory or from a purely Coulomb or static barrier hypothesis show large discrepancies. Similarly, for l<or=6, overall agreement for an average epsilon l is better than obtained previously. For the best-fit values of an epsilon l varying slightly with nuclear mass A and charge Z one obtains exact agreement (within 10%) with all the empirical (H.F.)l values discussed.


n engl j med 366;7 nejm.org february 16, 2012 647 A n otherwise healthy 6-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with a 2-year history of what his mother referred to as "eye problems." She reported noticing "whitish specks" surrounding both irises, which had been increasing in size. The boy was active and did not have any signs of diminished visual acuity, but his mother reported that he occasionally said that his eyes were itchy. Inspection revealed raised, symmetrical, white papules, 2 mm in diameter, between the 10 and 2 o'clock positions of the limbus in each eye; eggshell-like flecks with a calcific appearance could be seen in the center of this area. A clinical diagnosis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis was made, given the presence of classic giant papillae, with a cobblestone appearance (arrow), at the limbus. (The patient was asked to look at his nose for the purposes of the photograph.) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis typically affects males between 5 and 20 years of age and often resolves spontaneously at puberty. Both eyes are generally involved, and patients often report ocular burning or itching, tearing, and photophobia. Diagnosis is typically based on the clinical findings of giant cobblestone papillae on the tarsal conjunctiva or at the limbus. Treatment consists of saline eyedrops, which help to relieve symptoms, along with topical antihistamines and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.


Addition of hydrogen to hydrocarbon fuels increases burning velocity, flame stability, resistance to stretch and extinction limit. In this study, recent flame measurements on Bunsen-like and high-pressure test rig configurations for H2 doping levels of up to 40 vol% in CH4/H2-mixtures are chosen to address these above mentioned phenomena. Due to high preferential diffusive characteristics of hydrogen, the two-component fuel/air mixture yields a stabilized flame even under ultra lean conditions, for overall equivalence ratio as low as 0.43. The phenomenon of influence of the hydrogen doping is modeled using two approaches: (i) in terms of local burning velocity and (ii) leading edge flame front analysis. In the first approach, two models are studied which are based on the local burning velocity as a function, SL, of laminar Markstein number, while in the other, the model was built on the leading edge flame front analysis based on a critical chemical time scale. RANS simulation results show that one of the three subclosures on SL is found to yield very good quantitative agreement with both experimental findings for turbulent burning velocity. The other two models either under predict or over predict the two flame data.


We prove that unless N P = ZP P , Max Clique is hard to approximate in polynomial time within a factor n 1? for any > 0. This is done by, for any > 0, constructing a probabilistically checkable proof for N P which uses amortized free bits.


1Realizacia regulatorov necelociselneho radu An approach to realizations of fractional-order controllers is presented. The suggested approach is based on the use of continued fraction expansions.


Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. One of the brain changes that occurs in HD is the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a receptor protein capable of activating multiple signalling pathways by interacting with a range of ligands leading to either beneficial or harmful effects to the cell. Here, we demonstrate in human HD brains a high degree of co‐localization of RAGE with its putative ligands S100B and N‐carboxymethyllysine (CML) in the caudate nucleus (CN) and the subependymal layer (SEL). The level of co‐staining for both RAGE‐S100B and RAGE‐CML was the highest in the astrocytes but was low in neurons and microglia. The immunostaining for RAGE, S100B and CML extended in a medio‐lateral (SEL‐CN) direction with increasing grade, such that any change in the expression and co‐localization pattern between grades was less prominent in the lateral CN. Additionally, signalling molecules that are downstream of RAGE activation showed changes in their activation status in HD brains. A larger number of RAGE‐positive astrocytic cells had NF‐kB translocated to the nucleus and the level of phospho‐ERK1/2 was also increased in HD brains. Interestingly, the level of mDia‐1, that interacts directly with the cytoplasmic domain of RAGE, decreased in HD. Overall, the results suggest a correlation between the functions of RAGE and the HD pathology, but the influence of RAGE on astrocytes and the impact of this on HD progression requires further study.


PROBLEM/BACKGROUND: Ipsilateral fracture of the shaft of femur and tibia is uncommon, the plan of management is important. Proper decision making in individual case must be determined for reduce morbidity and mortality rate. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate proper management of open ipsilateral fracture of the shaft femur and tibia with vascular injury by proper sequence of less invasive surgical procedures. RESEARCH DESIGN: Case report SETTING: Somdejphrajaotaksinmaharaj Hospital, Tak Province. RESULTS: The patient with open ipsilateral fracture of shaft of femur and tibia was suspected to have vascular injury. He was referred to investigate the patency of femoral artery and external fixator was applied. He was later changed to intramedullary nail of femur and tibia. Bone union was achieved in 7 months with no limb length discrepancy or osteomyelitis. CONCLUSION: Conversion from temporally external fixator to intramedullary nail is the safe and effective surgical procedure for ipsilateral fracture shaft of femur and tibia with vascular injury.


Technological imagination and the question of identity in contemporary Japanese In this essay we elaborate on the phenomenon of independent computer games by com-paring it to the independent stream of American cinema – also known as Indiewood. The parallel between the film and gaming industries, that can be observed in the United States, has its roots in the early years of arcade games when the young companies like Atari were bought by media giants like Warner Communications. Having this influence in mind, we investigate the similarities and differences between those two segments of audiovisual media production. To illustrate the argument, we examine the two most prominent indie game titles of the past few years: World of Goo and Braid. In the last part of our article we also try to introduce a more national perspective by describing the situation of independent computer games in Poland


Abstract : This report describes the abstraction mechanism of a prototype systems implementaiton language for Intel's iAPX-432 microprocessor. Full exploitation of the 432's facilities places many demands on a language intended for systems implementation. The 432 is a capability-based machine, with hardware-enforced typing of large objects, dynamically instantiated domains (i.e., packages), hardware-enforced information information hiding (seals), and hardware-supported, software-defined access-rights (trademarks). The prototype language's support for these facilities is described in this project.


Increasing roof reflectance helps in savings in air-conditioning energy consumption, increase in indoor comfort at the building level and mitigates Urban Heat Island effect, reduces net solar radiation absorbed by the earth, lowers local air temperature and pollutant formation, and reducing global warming at the macro level. Previous studies have demonstrated energy savings in buildings using cool roofs. However, not many have evaluated the indoor comfort benefits of cool roofs for unconditioned interior spaces, especially in India. Here, we describe a study of an un-conditioned, institutional building in a composite climate in India. Monitoring was performed for a period of six months (January to June 2012) on two adjacent sections of continuous concrete roof surface, one of which had been previously coated with a white paint coating. The measured shortwave band-averaged (0.3–3 µm) solar reflectance was 0.28 and 0.57, for the uncoated and coated surfaces, respectively. The increased reflectivity reduced the seasonal average indoor air temperature and heat flux by 1.07°C, and 14.4 W m−2, respectively, with peak reductions of 1.38°C and 18.3 Wm−2 in April 2012. This increased the number of adaptive comfort hours by 80 h (about 8% increase compared to dark roof), providing a significant improvement in human comfort.


Comment: 4810/4 is water the stressor or the lack of water, Clarify Response: Thanks for pointing this out. Of course the lack of water is the primary abiotic stressor for (agro)ecosystems across eastern Australia we altered the text in the following way "For some of the agro-climatic regions in Eastern Australia lack of water is the primary abiotic stressor.." Comment: 4810/17 not clear why evaporation plays a minor role Response: Here we refer to the tropical locations (Weipa and Cairns), where rainfall is equal or exceeds annual evaporation and therefore evaporation does not critically affect the output of the drought indices RDI and SPEI. Comment: 4810/24 vague statement, specific mentioning of what those "environmental barriers" are? Response: We agree and added "[...] site-specific environmental barriers such as flood and drought events"


How the basic human needs of patients are met : analysis, testing and application of Maslow's motivation theory for patient care


In the process industries, combustible gases and liquids are typically stored and transported at elevated pressures, and accidental loss of containment may result in formation of flammable fuel-air clouds. Whereas dispersion and combustion of gaseous fuels have been investigated extensively in the past [13], less work has been done on liquid releases [4-5] and 'premixed combustion with non-premixed substructures' [6-7]. However, several major accidents have involved mists, including Buncefield [8] in the petroleum industry and the hydroelectric power plant Roncovalgrande [9].


As a kind of hyperelastic material, rubber can be mixed into mortar (or concrete) to improve the anticracking ability and ductility of concrete. The mixture of rubber can change the internal structure of concrete through physical interaction, without changing the chemical properties of each component in the mortar (or concrete). But since the apparent density of rubber is far less than the density of cement-based materials, rubber particles are likely to separate from cement-based materials in the mixture of rubber and mortar, and consequently, rubber particles will float upward. This study proposes a new method to restrain the rubber particles from floating upward: add cellulose ether in the mortar with a water-cement ratio of 0.45 so as to improve the mobility of mixture. Meanwhile, this study employs the method of quadratic orthogonal rotation combination experiment to carry out research on the influence of the mixing amount of cellulose ether (0∼5.43 kg/m3) and the ratio of rubber substituting for mortar (0∼0.5) on the degree of uniformity, consistency, and 28-day (28 d) strength of crumb rubber mortar, and it also studies the inhibiting effect of cellulose ether on the floating of rubber. The results show that cellulose ether mixed into the mortar can significantly improve the mobility of the mixture and restrain the floating of rubber. But with the increase of the mixing amount of cellulose ether, the 28 d strength of the mortar shows an obvious decreasing trend. This study has a guiding role in the practical application of crumb rubber mortar, crumb rubber concrete, and other lightweight aggregate concrete.


Abstract : To extend artifact and/or draft functionality in E-L, you must first have a working knowledge of how E-L is used. E-L is extended from within, by using the system to develop new functionality and then to augment the plexes that describe the structure of the artifacts system. This guide assumes you are familiar with the E-L Users' Manual. To add a tool to the system, you will also need to know how to develop C or Common Lisp programs using E-L, so you should also have read either the C and Unix Artifacts Manual or the Common Lisp Artifacts Manual.


The authors of the research article titled ''A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of bitewing, periapical, unfiltered and filtered digital panoramic images for approximal caries detection in posterior teeth'' published in Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 2007; 37: 441– 442 claim that a particular emboss filter for panoramic images has a higher diagnostic value than original images for detection of caries lesions. The authors of this study use a ''consensus of the three observers'' as an expression for the true state of the disease (a caries lesion). In fact, no data are available for the true state of the disease in this study. It is therefore unfortunate that the data are treated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis (which demands that a solid gold standard is available) and that the term ''diagnostic accuracy'' is used. Three criteria should be fulfilled for a method to provide a worthy gold standard:


A method of upgrading a telecommunications network terminal (especially visible wired telephone) software, comprising the steps of: sending by the intelligent network service center from the terminal to a first periodic signal, a first signal comprising a service access codes the current software version information, the serving access code embodied mounted on the terminal; database information about the software version includes different existing in the service center, it is checked whether the current software version corresponds to a correct software version in the form of a second DTMF signal sequence, it transmits the result of the checking step indicating from the service center to the terminal;; notify a user of the software must be updated in a message may be displayed on the terminal; and the remote download software.


Peripancreatic and biliary tuberculosis (TB) is a rare condition in Taiwan. Its low incidence, together with its non-characteristic clinical manifestations and radiologic findings, which highly mimic those of pancreatic neoplasia, pose a diagnostic challenge for both clinicians and imagers. We presented a case with such typical scenario and a literature review which focused on the commonly used diagnostic approaches. We reported our observations that in the presence of a pancreatic/peripancreatic mass with obstructive jaundice, the absence of the pancreatic duct dilatation, the abnormal enhancement of the common bile duct on the magnetic resonance imaging, and a persistently high SUV_(max) on the delayed phase F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography may aid in raising the suspicion for peripancreatic/biliary TB, and enlisting it in the differential diagnosis. The utilization of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration may avoid unnecessary surgery in the diagnosis of such disorder.


This paper is not written in order to vindicate quantum logic. Rather it is written to rebut a mistaken criticism of quantum logic. The criticism is due to Popper ([1968]) and it concerns a classical paper by Birkhoff and von Neumann ([1936]). As is well known, this latter paper inaugurated the study of two rather different though interconnected kinds of problem, namely (J) the philosophical problem whether quantum mechanics involves a non-classical logic, the so-called quantum logic, and (2) the mathematical problem of characterising the basic structure of quantum mechanics, i.e. Hilbert space, by physically plausible axioms of a lattice theoretical kind. As was to be expected, the philosophical problem concerning the logic of quantum mechanics has remained controversial, whereas there has been considerable progress in solving the mathematical problem of axiomatisation (cf. Varadarajan [1968]). But until recently one thing has never been called in question, in either the philosopher's or the mathematician's camp, namely that Birkhoff and von Neumann's paper really points to well-defined problems. Only Popper had doubts in this respect. Having repeatedly read his paper of 1968,1 can only summarise his criticism as saying, horribile dictu: in their paper of 1936 Birkhoff and von Neumann talked about something which really does not exist and the non-existence of which can, moreover, be shown by means of rather trivial mathematical considerations. Since this account may sound like a caricature of Popper's criticism, let me quote from his own summary, according to which 'Birkhoff and von Neumann's famous paper. . . culminates in a proposal which clashes with each of a number of assumptions made by the authors' (p. 682). Popper also says that Birkhoff and von Neumann's proposal 'breaks down because of some very trivial results of probability theory, or measure theory' (p. 683). Popper does not say that all later work founded on Birkhoff and von Neumann's paper has been done in vain. But he seems to think that the paper itself suffers from a fundamental inconsistency.


For reprint information contact: Varma Praveen, MCh Tel: 91 471 244 4496 Fax: 91 471 244 6433 email: firstname.lastname@example.com Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India. Figure 1. Barium swallow shows extrinsic compression at D4 level which is the Hall-mark of aberrant (R) subclavian artery. Figure 2. Aortogram shows compression of barium filled esophagus by an aberrant right subclavian artery. Vertebral artery on the left side was seen arising as a separate branch of aortic arch.


We prove that every function u:ℝ2 → ℝ of class C 1, satisfying the Perona-Malik equation for every (x, t) ∈ ℝ2, is a stationary affine solution, i.e., of the form u(x, t) = ax + b, where a and b are suitable real constants.


Every company these days is dependent on the Internet to a greater or lesser extent. Even if an organisation only uses e-mail, it is still betting its business on the Internet. Imagine what would happen ifthat organisation experienced Internet problems and lost use of its e-mail. Internal and external communications systems would be severely disrupted, causing many potential problems, including possible loss of business, ifthey are no longer able to communicate with customers and suppliers by e-mail. Besides e-mail, there may be a company intranet (with regular Internet links for communicating with other businesses, suppliers or customers) and a web site to provide company information, or for full scale electronic commerce. Poor Technology costs money... The loss of a web server, a web link or a firewall can cause more than just inconvenience - it can cost money. The non-availability of a company's intranet could cause serious productivity problems or result in lost orders. That cost is simple to calculate. If you lose a firewall, for instance, just take the value of transactions carried out over a given period of time. Estimate how long it might take to get the firewall up and running again if it fails. Multiply one figure by the other. Furthermore, customers may not come back later once the firewall is up again. That business could be lost forever. Similarly, a poorly functioning web site, which becomes impossibly slow at peak times, can result in disillusioned customers who go permanently elsewhere. Relying on the Internet exposes companies to a variety of security risks such as hackers and viruses. These can slow down a company's operations or at worst completely paralyse them, making the company effectively unable to trade. High Availability Although companies take such precautions as contingency planning for loss of systems and for major disasters, the electronic age has brought a heightened need to keep systems functioning and the growth ofwhat has become known as high availability. High availability is about keeping a computer network running efficiently at all times, and making sure that, if things go wrong, there is the absolute minimum of downtime. E-commerce in particular has brought a need to have 24 hour, 365 days per year optimum availability, as companies trading on the web may have customers worldwide. Security threats from hackers can happen at any time of the day or night, so firewall protection needs to be ongoing. Gaps in protection can have serious consequences. There are three main ways in which IT managers can promote high availability of webbased systems. * Use of load balancing tools. * Use of duplicate equipment or services. * Use of measurement tools. Load balancing Load balancing tools are rapidly becoming available to help spread the load around the network to promote optimum performance. So if for example, web activity is extremely heavy at one particular time, the load can be spread across a number of web servers so a bottleneck isn't created at one particular point. Similarly, for security, one can spread the load across a number of firewalls in case something happens at one particular point. …


Structural radar absorbing material attracts increasing attention as an important part of microwave absorbing material. In this study, fiber cloths reinforced polyimide (PI) matrix composites consisting of different proportion of quartz glass fiber (SiO2f) and silicon carbide fiber (SiCf) cloth were designed and prepared by adjusting the proportion. The morphology, mechanical, dielectric properties and electrical conductivity of the composites were thoroughly studied in X band (8.2–12.4 GHz). The results showed that the position of SiCf cloth in the composite had little effect on the dielectric properties of the composite. Under the action of load, the fracture of composites containing different contents of SiCf cloth showed different fracture modes. As the content of SiCf cloth increased in the composite material, both the real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity showed an increasing trend. The electrical conductivity of the composites also increased gradually with content of SiCf cloth rise. The reflectivity of the composites was calculated according to transmission line theory. Variation of fiber cloth composition in this study offered a new strategy to simultaneously improve the mechanical and microwave absorbing properties of PI-based structural absorbing materials.


THE DAY-TO-DAY OPERATION OF A TYPICAL 5,000 LB. BATCH PLANT, ITS PRODUCTION PROBLEMS, AND SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN SERVING AN URBAN COMMUNITY ARE DISCUSSED. /CGRA/


Objective To investigate the best choice of treatment to carcinoma of the lungs among the group of 42℃ hyperthermia , the group of chemical treatment with DDP and the groups of combined treatment. Methods Inhibition ratio to human pulmonal giant cell carcinoma cells(PLA-801D) of the groups of 42℃ hyperthermia treatment,chemical treatment with DDP and hyperthermia-chemical combined treatment were assayed by the method of MTT. Results Combined treatment of 42℃ hyperthermia and DDP simultaneously had the largest inhibition ratio to lung carcinoma cells(55.73%). It excelled the results of the group of 42℃ hyperthermia (3.13%), the group of chemical treatment with DDP and the groups of hyperthermia-chemical combined treatment with different consequences (P0.000). Conclusions Combined treatment of 42℃ hyperthermia and DDP simultaneously had the strongest toxicity to lung carcinoma cells over other methods.


Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether, how and why gender cues influence brand perception and subsequent purchasing behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

Across four experimental studies conducted online with either a convenience sample (Studies 1a and 1b) or a representative sample of consumers (Studies 2 and 3), the authors empirically investigate whether gender cues impact brand perception along dimensions of warmth and competence and how other warmth and competence cues in a consumer environment moderate the effect of gender cues on consumer brand perceptions.

Findings

Gender cues (e.g. gender-typed colours and shapes) activate gender-stereotypical knowledge of warmth and competence, which spills over to the brand. This effect depends on the presence of other competence cues in a consumer's environment. In contrast to conventional practice, in the presence of a high competence cue (e.g. reputable brands), feminine gender cues enhance purchase likelihood (via activation of warmth perceptions), whereas masculine cues actually decrease purchase likelihood. In contrast, in the presence of a low competence cue (e.g. new companies), masculine gender cues enhance purchase likelihood (via activation of competence perceptions), whereas feminine cues lower purchase likelihood.

Research limitations/implications

The authors used an experimental approach to explicitly test for causality and isolate the effect of gender cues in a controlled setting. Future research should further address the implication of gender cues using actual sales data.

Practical implications

Reputable companies often explicitly use cues to highlight their competence. The results of this research suggest that managers may want to reconsider this approach. That is, marketers of brands with established high competence should consider integrating more feminine cues to highlight their warmth, such as feminine shapes (e.g. circles and ovals) or feminine colours (e.g. a shade of pink) in their packaging and marketing communication. In contrast, companies that have not established their competence or not-for-profit organisations would be better off integrating masculine cues.

Originality/value

This is the first research to empirically investigate the effect of gender cues on brand perception and subsequent purchase behaviour. Not only does this research show that gender cues can alter brand perception along the warmth and competence perception but also the authors address the call to identify conditions under which warmth versus competence cues enhance brand perception and purchase likelihood (Aaker et al., 2010). In particular, this research demonstrates how multiple warmth and competence cues interact with each other.


There are various and different types of software tools available for the solution of different medical image methods. There are different types of medical images like computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, x-ray and ultrasound and many more. So image contrast enhancement should be a step that increases the clarity and information present in the medical images. Also the contrast is the significant value of a medical image because if there is less contrast then it is not possible for the investigator to diagnose the problem. The main purpose of this research work is to enhance contrast of medical image based on the histogram based method so that maximum information can be retrieved from the medical image. There are different techniques based on histogram equalization like Dynamic histogram equalization (DHE), bi-histogram equalization (BBHE), brightness preserving dynamic histogram equalization (BPDHE), Novel technique which all is extensions to HE techniques. There is a cumulative distribution of values or intensities of pixels of image over the complete range of histogram. Problem in these techniques is that image in some cases can lead to a significant decrease of contrast or to the disappearance of small-size objects on the current image. In this present research work hybrid histogram technique is used to enhance the medical images. There are different parameters are taken to evaluate the performance of proposed automated algorithm like correlation, ,mean square error, peak signal to noise ratio and normalized absolute error of the images. This work is implemented on the software MatLab 2016.


This study was carried out to assess the burden of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in an emergency department (ED).

A prospective observational study was carried out from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017 (1 year) to identify the nature of admissions to the ED at Teaching Hospital Kurunegala, Sri Lanka.


Discussing a congress theme of "Interrelation between Benefits and Costs of Tourism Resources" does not mean it is only possible to speak about the consequences of tourism in general. The subject can also be concentrated on a special kind of tourism, a special marketsegment. Such a market‐segmentation could be achieved by dividing tourist flows into nationalities, starting with domestic and foreign tourists. It is also possible to make a segmentation in the reason of tourism: pleasure or business. These latter two segments can be divided again: tourism for pleasure into:


Language and culture are closely related. To study a language, one must put it in the history of the nation and the context people use the language. This paper mainly deals with the inner relationship of the society, values and proverbs, and presents the notion that values are the outgrowth of the social development, with its proverbs featuring the characteristics of the values. Therefore, learning the proverbs means learning the values of the nation. [


ABSTRACT Asphalt aging is recognised as one of the important factors causing cracking related failures in asphalt pavements. Asphalt aging occurs during production, construction, and service life of the asphalt surfaced pavements. Since constituents of asphalt mixtures are continuously increasing (increased recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), rejuvenators, compaction aids, warm-mix additives, fibres, etc.) and interactions between these constituents are complicating the mixture design process, relying solely on the volumetric mixture design is usually not resulting in asphalt mixtures with the highest possible performance. Thus, asphalt mixture test methods for rutting and cracking should be improved and incorporated into current mixture design methods to be able to develop more durable asphalt mixtures that last for their intended service lives. In this study, the most effective asphalt mixture long-term aging protocol was determined to achieve reliable semi-circular bend (SCB) test parameters that are correlated with in-situ cracking performance. The selected aging protocol will be integrated into the balanced mix design procedures that are currently being developed. Developed asphalt mixture design methods are expected to improve the longevity of asphalt materials, reduce life-cycle costs for agencies, and improve long-term road users' comfort.


: Mahatma Gandhi is one of the most talked-about, yet frequently contentious, political figures in Indian history. There is barely a place in the pre- or post-independence era that he did not desecrate in the name of Indian independence and progress. He is a socio-political icon that is nearly impossible to forget or ignore. There is barely any discipline that he has not remarked on, and he has affected every facet of human consciousness. Many authors from a variety of disciplines, including history, politics, philosophy, literature, sociology, and more, have used him as their main inspiration because he is a vastly influential writer who has influenced many other fields. Even though Raja Rao and Mulk Raj Anand, the other two members of the renowned triumvirate of Indian English fiction, are more interested in social or philosophical issues than R.K. Narayan, one of the most well-known senior Indian English novelists, he was unable to escape the Gandhian whirlwind that reshaped the entire social, political, and economic landscape of this nation in the 1930s and 1940s. On closer inspection, however, several of Narayan's books show that his creative ethos was also impacted by the Gandhian philosophy, even though the impact of the Gandhian thinking on Narayan was not of the same sort as it is in the situations of Raja Rao and Anand.


In this study, biological methyl mercaptide removal is investigated using the bacterium Thiobacillus thioparus in a fed batch bioreactor. In this process, methyl mercaptide is converted into elemental sulfur particles as an intermediate in the oxidation of methyl mercaptide to sulfate. The main product is sulfur at either low dissolved oxygen or high methyl mercaptide concentrations, and also more sulfates are produced at high dissolved oxygen. According to the reactions performed, a mathematical model is developed. The model parameters are estimated and the model is validated by comparison to experimental data. The results show that the proposed model is in a good agreement with experimental data. According to the experimental results and mathematical model, sulfate and sulfur selectivity are sensitive to the concentration of dissolved oxygen. For concentrations of methyl mercaptide 0.2 mmol L−1 in the bioreactor and dissolved oxygen of 0.5 ppm, only 14% of sulfide load is converted to sulfate while the figure is 60% at the same methyl mercaptide concentration and dissolved oxygen of 4.5 ppm. At high sulfide load to the bioreactor, the concentration of noneliminated methyl mercaptide increases, leading to higher sulfur particle selectivity and consequently lower sulfate selectivity.


This chapter discusses how accounting education in Sri Lanka, an emerging South Asian country, has evolved over time to become a global hub of accountants through its accounting education system. The chapter presents a detailed description of the history of accounting education in Sri Lanka, the role of professional accounting bodies and academic accounting education, a comparison of professional and academic education systems and finally the current status and future directions of accounting education of the country. Having roots of accounting education well over twenty centuries, the professional and academic education systems of Sri Lanka have evolved independently creating an anomaly when compared with the global practice in which the graduate accounting profession is the norm. Sri Lanka will have to continually strengthen the accounting education system to sustain its stature in the ever dynamic and complex global business environment that poses many challenges for the accounting profession.


The engineering situation of the residence building of lishi teachers college is introduced in this paper. To solve the resident problem for new students as soon as earlier, high performance early strength agent is used in the process of concrete construction of eight storey frame main body. By the examination the concrete construction quality good use effect is found. And the paper highlights that by using high quality early strength agent the eight storey frame main body is completed in only forty five days. Especially high economy benefit and construction quality is obtained. So the paper points out that the kind of early strength agent is ideal choose for engineering.


This research aims at exploring the use and role of local wisdom of Sitou Timou Tomou Tou by the Counseling Agency for Development and Preservation of Marriage (BP4) among Muslims in North Minahasa, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research asks how did the BP4 in North Minahasa mediate conflicts in a family. This research is qualitative research, with the type of empirical legal research in the form of normative juridical. The participants of this research are local leaders and parties who registered their case to the BP4 in North Minahasa. The data are obtained through observation, interviews, documents and literature. The findings of the research are the following. First, BP4 in Nort Minahasa implemented the more progressive and responsive model, namely by accepting the values of wisdom that live in the community (local wisdom). Second, the implementation of the aspects of sitou timou tomou tou model, which are social interaction, tolerance, team work, economic aspect. Based on the improvisation of BP4 in North Minahasa, all cases included the mediation can be completed optimally. So that all couples (husband and wife) who have conflicts can be reunite in order to create the happy family, of the framework of sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah.


Objective: To find out the frequency of physiological skin changes in pregnant females. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 pregnant females presenting in outpatient departments of dermatology & gynaecology, obstetrics at Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore were enrolled over a period of 1year from June 2020 till June 2021. All consenting pregnant females were enrolled in this study and pregnant females with pre-existing skin diseases and having specific dermatosis of pregnancy were excluded from this study. Detailed history was taken & their complete physical & dermatological examination was carried out and the findings were noted down in pre-designed performa. Results: Physiological skin changes were observed in all the patients in our study. The agr range of patients in this study was 18-35 years, the mean age being 25.06 years. The most common cutaneous manifestation observed was hyperpigmentation out of which linea nigra was commonest finding present in 92% of patients, hyperpigmentation on various parts of body in 16 %, melasma in 12% of patients and 76% of patients showed vascular changes. Practical Implications: The rationale of this study is to assess the frequency of physiological changes occurring in pregnant females. So that they can be promptly and correctly diagnosed and thus reducing the emotional and financial stress on community. Conclusion: Pregnant females suffer from a variety of physiological skin changes. Awareness & recognition of these changes will help in timely diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Pregnancy, skin physiological changes, hyperpigmentation, melasma, vascular changes


Abstract Crossing literary evidence with archaeological data, we discuss the history of a site known as 'Marsa Djazira' by following the evolution of its toponym. During the Phoenician-Punic era, this site was described as a city/urban establishment with a harbour known as 'Gaphara'. In late Roman times its name was most likely changed to 'Minna Villa Marsi', as the Marsi family of the aristocracy of Leptis Magna probably built a luxury residence (villa) and exploited the port to export olive products from its estates in the hinterland of Leptis Magna. In the Middle Ages, the site underwent another toponymic change to 'Ras Chacra' and became an official maritime station (port) on the shipping lanes. In the late Middle Ages, the ancient toponym 'Gaphara' reappeared again with a slight distortion as 'Gasr Jafara/Djefara'. This last name was known when the site was already ruined and abandoned.


Precipitating convective systems produce gusts from downdrafts as they reach the surface. Those gusts are able to intensify the surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat, with possible consequences to the further evolution of deep convection itself. Despite advances in resolution and in the representation of physical processes, General Circulation Models and even regional models are still very far from representing clouds adequately (i.e., explicitly) and therefore surface flux enhancement by gusts is not simulated by them. In fact, such effect is not usually even parameterized. In this work, a CEM (Cloud Ensemble Model), driven by a prescribed large-scale forcing corresponding to tropical convective conditions, was used to find a parameterization that evaluates surface heat flux enhancement, as a function of precipitation rate, resolved wind and of the resolution of the larger-scale model. The enhancement factor is well correlated with both the resolved wind (-0.67 ρ > 0.4), which were used as input variables for calculating it. The parameterization equation was obtained by fitting the data from the CEM simulations.


The utility model discloses a plug inner frame. The plug inner frame comprises a main body, wherein an insert sheet hole is formed in the main body, the insert sheet hole penetrates through the front end surface and back end surface of the main body, the insert sheet hole is in adaptation with an insert sheet of a plug, and an insert sheet buckle is arranged in the insert sheet hole on the back end surface. The plug inner frame disclosed by the utility model can meet the requirements of enabling a processing technology to be simple, saving materials and ensuring the exposed size of the insert sheet to be in line with safety regulations, and can thoroughly prevent short circuit and water penetration caused by intersection of a neutral wire and a live wire; and furthermore, the plug inner frame is easy to pass testing and certification in countries all over the world.


In this paper, we describe the algorithm of narrow-domain short texts clustering, which is based on terms' selection and modification of k-means algorithm. Our approach was tested on collections: CICling–2002 and SEPLIN-CICling. Results of tests and conclusions are presented.


Object detection plays an important role in many computer vision applications. Innovative object detection methods based on deep learning such as Faster R-CNN, YOLO, and SSD have achieved state-of the-art results in terms of detection accuracy. There have been few studies to date on object detection with the addition of new classes, however, though this problem is often encountered in the industry. Therefore, this issue has important research significance and practical value. On the premise that the old class samples are available, a method of reserving nodes in advance in the output layer (RNOL) was established in this study. Experiments show that RNOL can achieve high detection accuracy in both new and old classes over a short training time while outperforming the traditional fine-tuning method.


Twenty 4 Holstein heifers with a mean age of 210 d and the average weight of 217 kg were used. Heifers were randomly assigned to 3 rations: (1) ration which includes 10% crude protein (CP) less than NRC (2001) (49.35 g of CP per Mcal ME); (2) control ration which crude protein based on NRC (2001) (54.93 g of CP per Mcal ME); 3) ration with includes 10% crude protein more than NRC (2001) (60.64 g of CP per Mcal ME). Metabolizable energy (ME) in all rations was based on NRC requirements (14 Mcal in day). All heifers were housed in individual pens. Experimental and adaptation periods were 140 and 14 d respectively. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the experimental period, at every 28 d and in end experimental ruminal fluid samples were collected using an oro-ruminal probe and a suction pump for pH and N-NH3 determination. Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and N-NH3 was affected by rations (P < 0.05) and PUN and N-NH3 were higher in ration 3 than rations 1 and 2, but no significant differences were observed in pH ruminal, glucose, total protein and albumin blood between rations. We concluded that 10% crude protein less than NRC (2001) was suitable for prepubertal heifer nutrition.


Healthy life style based on natural food consumption, has been implemented by the society to increase health quality. Minimally processed technology is used to slow down food decay time in the storage room. Minimally processed techology is consist of Controlled Atmosphere Storage (CAS), Modified Atmosphere Storage (MAS), Freeze Driying, and blansir. MAS is food storage technology by conditioning the air composition (especially oxygen level). Banana is an object of MAS implementation, due to its all session fruit and shorter life time. Previous MAS studies used long bean as the object and managed to improve the life time until 15 days.The purpose of this study is to implement MAS to lengthen banana life time. MAS design use Ulrich Eppinger method. Simulation of Turbulance Kinetic Energy (TKE) in the sparger and MAS installation use ANSYS 16.2. The experimental to test sparger and installation is conducted for 6 hours for the sparger and 24 hours for the installation. Afterward the correlation between parameter is calculated by using least square method. The outcome of this  research is MAS for banana in order to be used by SME with capacity of 4.77 m 3 , mixture time is 24 hours, TKE number in the sparger is 582.6448 J/kg, TKE number in the installation is 715.6 J/kg, oxygen level in the sparger is 5.7%, oxygen level in MAS installation is 8.5%, glucose of banana located in the storage room is 9.5%, and banana life time able to achiave 14 days.


Introduction: Research indicates that attachment to God is correlated with parental attachment and perceived stress.  However, these relationships have not been studied outside the Western context.  The present research evaluated the relationship between attachment to God and attachment to parents within different family systems and the impact of these attachments on perceived stress.
Methods: A sample of 284 Christian undergraduate students was surveyed.  The data were collected from the participants through convenience sampling.  Relationships between attachment to parents, attachment to God, religiosity, and perceived stress were studied.
Results: A significant positive relationship between attachment to parents and to God was found for the nuclear family system on the anxiety subscale.  For the avoidance subscale, both nuclear and joint family systems had significant positive relationships between parental attachment and attachment to God; however, it was stronger for joint family systems.  The multiple regression analysis showed parental avoidance (β = .256, p <.001) and God anxiety (β = .281, p <.001) as the strongest predictors of stress.
Discussion: The findings highlight the impact of collectivistic cultural values, particularly the importance of relationships.  The implications include the significance of the impact of culture on attachment relationships and the finding that attachment correlates with lower levels of perceived stress.  The research also shows the difference in attachment styles depending upon the family system the participant belongs to which can again be attributed to cultural norms and values.


The Rumbia Mountains, which in this study named Rumbia schist Complex is an east-west oriented, composed by a high-pressure/low-temperature, and a medium-pressure/low-temperature metamorphic rocks. Identified as mica schist, glauchopane schist, and green schist. Rumbia complex known as the location of gold deposits prospects discovered by local communities since 2007. The results of research showed that the metamorphic rocks are as hosts. There are two phase of gold mineralization that occurs in this area, namely: 1) Associated with tectonic deformation and metamorphic rocks exhumation, and 2) gold-related hydrothermal deposits. Radiometric age dating used 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, indicate that the first of gold mineralisation in the Rumbia Complex occurred ∼23 million years ago, and the second gold mineralisation were subsequently overprinting at 7 million years ago.


Privacy-preserving collaborative filtering schemes take privacy concerns into its primary consideration without neglecting the prediction accuracy. Different schemes are proposed that are built upon different data partitioning scenarios such as a central server, two-, multi-party or peer-to-peer network. These data partitioning scenarios have been investigated in terms of claimed privacy promises, recently. However, to the best of our knowledge, any peer-to-peer privacy-preserving scheme lacks such study that scrutinizes privacy promises. In this paper, we apply three different attack techniques by utilizing auxiliary information to derive private ratings of peers and conduct experiments by varying privacy protection parameters to evaluate to what extent peers' data can be reconstructed.


Abstract Using tetracene crystals provided with hole injecting contacts (CuI(s) and Ce(SO4)2(aq)) we have located the position of the virtual anode xm (potential maximum) within the crystal and have studied its voltage dependence. For this purpose, we used the triplet and singlet excitons as tracers, making particular use of the characteristic response of these excitons to an external magnetic field. The voltage dependence of xm follows that predicted by the simplified form of the exact theory of Sinharay and Meltzer. It appears that xm lies within the crystal for all voltages up to the saturation voltage. It is shown that a photoenhanced current will be produced not only by detrapping deep in the interior of the crystal, but by detrapping in the vicinity of the virtual anode xm.


Raman spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques are used to develop a potential method to characterize wood by type. The test data consists of 98 Raman spectra of temperate softwoods and hardwoods, and Brazilian and Honduran tropical woods. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to extract features (i.e., line intensities at specific wavelengths) characteristic of the Raman profile of each wood-type. The spectral features identified by the pattern recognition GA allow the wood samples to cluster by type in a plot of the two largest principal components of the data. Because principal components maximize variance, the bulk of the information encoded by these spectral features is about differences between wood types. The predictive ability of the descriptors identified by the pattern recognition GA and the principal component map associated with them is validated using an external prediction set consisting of tropical woods and temperate hard and softwoods.


The number of automatic identification (auto-ID) technologies being utilized in eBusiness applications is growing rapidly. With an increasing trend toward miniaturization and wireless capabilities, auto-ID and LBS technologies are becoming more and more pervasive. The pace at which new product innovations are being introduced far outweighs the ability for citizens to absorb what these changes actually mean, and what their likely impact will be upon future generations. This chapter attempts to cover a broad spectrum of issues ranging from the social, cultural, religious and ethical implications of auto-ID with an emphasis on human transponder implants. Previous work is brought together and presented in a way that offers a holistic view of the current state of proceedings on the topic.


A facile electrochemical sensor is reported for the highly selective and sensitive detection of nitrofurazone (NFZ) and its metabolites, semicarbazide (SC), by using an Au-Ag modified electrode. The Au-Ag film was produced on a Cu foil by electrodeposition in a choline chloride-urea-glycerol ternary deep eutectic solvent containing gold (III) ions and silver (I) ions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicates that the co-deposition of Au-Ag would be feasible. The morphology, crystallinity, and composition of Au-Ag deposits were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under the optimal condition, the Au-Ag modified electrode shows a wider linear concentration range of 1.99 to 643.49 μM with a low detection limit of 0.2 μM for NFZ. The corresponding linear range of SC is 7.94 to 482 μM, and the detection limit is 1.01 μM. It also demonstrated good anti-interference ability against various common interfering substances. Finally, the modified electrode was successfully applied in the real samples, and the average recoveries for NFZ and SC were 100.59% and 101.01%, respectively. The present electrochemical strategy is promising to broaden the practical electrochemical application in the environment.


We prove two separate lower bounds -- one for nondegenerate convex domains and the other for nondegenerate $\mathbb{C}$-convex (but not necessarily convex) domains -- for the squeezing function that hold true for all domains in $\mathbb{C}^n$, for a fixed $n\geq 2$, of the stated class. We provide explicit expressions in terms of $n$ for these estimates.


For Puyang,it is one of the serious water shortage cities in Henan province.At present,because of groundwater exploitation,caused the environmental geological problem is the main one.The article is based on characteristics of water resources,geological environment and socio-economy and proposes sustainable development of water resources and socio-economic countermeasures.


The article describes the development of modified encryption protocol based on the El–Gamal cryptoalgorithm. The development of an import–substituting software package for secure file transfer, based on the modified protocol of El–Gamal was made also.


In the absence of any clear indication in the EU Treaties as to what solidarity entails, three visions of solidarity have emerged: supranational/functional, intergovernmental/voluntary and an individual-focused/constructivist vision. Following the case of X and X v. Belgium and the link between visa policy and the EU's questionable strategy of externalizing international protection, it can be concluded that visa policy is characterized by the absence of individual-focused solidarity, and it does not offer any expression of the central place that human rights protection has in the EU's identity. This may be partly reconnected to the unclear scope of the fundamental rights protection framework that is applicable to visas under international law. Visa policy is characterized by inter-state and state-centred solidarity which takes a supranational form in policy formulation and an intergovernmental form in implementation. Supranational solidarity has not proven necessarily effective in overcoming divergences between the Member States in sovereignty sensitive areas, or capable of doing so in a way that upholds EU principles. Intergovernmental solidarity in implementation is functionally driven and progressively characterized by EU norms and procedures, but it is unlikely that the search for effectiveness will lead to the supranationalization of this sovereignty sensitive field.


The article examines the current paradigm of actual critical approaches to the discourse of deconstruction. It is proved that Badiou's ontology provides the conceptual coordinates, conditioning the synthesis of historico-philosophical, hermeneutical, epistemological and systemic approaches.


In pattern recognition systems, ensemble techniques claim a potential performance improvement compared to single classifier approaches. Decision templates (DT) were proposed as a simple and effective method for combining continuous valued outputs of an ensemble of classifiers. In this paper, the concept of decision template single-label multi-class classifier combination is extended to the multi-label case. The different classifiers needed for a combination are obtained from the continuous re-estimation used in the Recursive Dependent Binary Relevance multi-label classifier. Each base classifier used in this work, delivers besides the class label, a continuous output for the class that can be used to assemble the DTs.


For the first time, the breakdown path induced by BTI stress can be traced from the RTN measurement. It was demonstrated on advanced high-k metal gate CMOS devices. RTN traps in the dielectric layers can be labeled as a pointer to trace the breakdown path. It was found that breakdown path tends to grow from the interface of HK/IL or IL/Si which is the most defective region. Two types of breakdown paths are revealed. The soft-breakdown path is in a shape like spindle, while the hard breakdown is like a snake-walking path. These two breakdown paths are reflected in a two slopes TDDB lifetime plot. These new findings on the breakdown-path formation will be helpful to the understanding of the reliability in HK CMOS devices.


The TeV and X-ray data obtained by the imaging Cherenkov telescope CAT and X-ray satellite BeppoSAX dur- ing the remarkable flare of Mkn 501 in April 16, 1997 are used to constrain the flux of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) using different CIB models. We show that a non-negligible ab- sorption of -rays due to the CIB could take place already in the low-energy (sub-TeV) domain of the spectrum of Mkn 501. This implies that the data of the low-energy threshold CAT tele- scope contain very important information about the CIB at short wavelengths, 0.4 m 3. m. The analysis of almost si- multaneous spectroscopic measurements of Mkn 501 in a high state by CAT and BeppoSAX in the framework of the stan- dard homogeneous Synchrotron-Self-Compton (SSC) frame- work model leads to the conclusion that the density of the near- infrared background with typical "starlight spectrum" around 1 m should be between 5 and 35nWm 2 sr 1 (99% CL), with most likely value around 20 nWm 2 sr 1 . Also we argue that the CAT -ray data alone allow rather robust upper limits on the CIB, F 60 nWm 2 sr 1 at 1 m, taking into ac- count that for any reasonable scenario of -ray production the differential intrinsic spectrum of -rays hardly could be flatter than dN=dE / E 1 . This estimate agrees, within statistical and systematic uncertainties, with recent reports about tentative detections of the CIB at 2.2 and 3.5 m by the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE), as well as with the measure- ments of the background radiation at optical wavelengths from absolute photometry. The high flux of CIB at few m wave- lengths implies a significant distortion of the shape of the initial (source) spectrum of -rays from Mkn 501 at sub-TeV energies. The "reconstructed" intrinsic -ray spectrum shows a distinct peak in the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) around 2 TeV with a flux by a factor of 3 higher than the measured flux. The energy spectrum of gamma radiation from both sides of the peak has power-law behavior with photon index ' 1:5 below 2 TeV, and ' 2:5 above 2 TeV. This agrees with predictions of SSC model. We also discuss the impact of the intergalactic absorption effect in derivation of the SSC parameters for the jet in Mkn 501.


In this aircraft type recognition, the problem can be defined by aircraft landmark detection from satellite images. It will have the prediction of aircraft using deep learning techniques in remote sensing images. It will have the image analyst to identify the types of candidate aircraft. This will have two steps of method that is training phase and testing phase. It will the correct input.


ABSTRACT Contemporary youth migrations are invested with hopeful connotations about potential, transformation and the future. For young people, migration is purportedly directed to enhancing life chances through exposure to diverse places, accumulation of social and cultural capital and opportunities for self-reflection. At the same time, however, youth migration occurs within uneven social and economic circumstances, and many young people today are on the move exactly because of present precarity and uncertain futures. Because of this youth migration also involves fraudulent intermediation, oppressive life and work situations and excessive indebtedness. This paper addresses the manner that hope emerges in relation to such disruption by exploring the narratives of young adults holding temporary study and work visas in Auckland, New Zealand. These accounts reveal both specific hopes expressed in migration – education, residency rights – as well as feelings of hopefulness. In many instances, however, hopes and hopefulness emerge specifically in relation to personal difficulties in ways that question the marking of hope as a positive emotion. Through this case, the paper argues that there is a need to re-evaluate hope in youth migration and pay greater attention to its role in generating and sustaining migration that can be both empowering and marginalising.


Begun in 1992, the Industrial Monuments Project of the Swedish Central Board of National Antiquities (RAA) was designed to gather knowledge of the materials of industrial structures and to characterize the damage those materials and structures have suffered. The author describes in detail a pilot project undertaken at the Lancashire forge at Karlholmsbruk, a building closed in 1936, which presented several common problems, including damp and accompanying metal corrosion and moisture migration with salt precipitation. The restoration, which took place in the winter and spring of 1995, left two hearths untouched to serve as reference objects.


The invention relates to a printing system, a printing device, a server, and a printing method, so as to prevent malicious use of a leaked e-mail address. The printing system (5) has a printer (30), and a server device (10) which causes the printer (30) to conduct printing of print target data included in an e-mail when receiving the e-mail that designates the printer (30) as a printing place. The printing system has an expiration date setting section (44) that sets an expiration date in an e-mail address that uses the printer (30) as the printing place, a mail address registering section (13) that registers the generated e-mail address and the set expiration date by being associated with each other, and an expiration date managing section (14) that manages the registered expiration date and disables the e-mail address whose expiration date has expired.


We report on low-temperature measurements of the specific heat, resistivity, and magnetization of the itinerant antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}\mathrm{Si}.$ The stability of the magnetic state up to 14 T inferred from the invariance of these bulk properties is incompatible with the itinerant magnetism expected for a conventional Fermi liquid.