1. Effbcts of coronary occlusion and subsequent reoxygenation by release of occlusion on ventricular contractility and electrical activity were investigated using the blood-perfused papillary muscle of the canine right ventricle paced at 120/min at a constant temperature of 38-39°C.2. In the early phase of hypoxia, 60-90 sec after occlusion, the maximal rate of tension development (dT/dt) was accelerated significantly, while the developed tension was decreased as a consequence of the shortening of the contractile process.3. The acceleration of dT/dt was related to the number of contractions at 120-180 beats after the occlusion and was not affected by propranolol or reserpine pretreatment.4. During reoxygenation following the release of occlusion the developed tension increased rapidly above control values in 45 sec as a result of a prolongation of the contractile process. The overshoot of developed tension lasted for 900 sec after release of occlusion, and dT/dt was depressed significantly throughout the period of reoxygenation.5. During reoxygenation following various periods of occlusion from 15 to 180 sec, graded depression of dT/dt and prolongation of contraction occurred. These changes were closely correlated with the magnitudeand duration of reactive hyperemia.6. The overshoot of contraction was markedly reduced by propranolol or reserpine pretreatment. The maximal response of reactive hypermia was not affected by propranolol, but the responses 30 and 60 sec atter release of occlusion were significantly decreased by propranolol.7. Electrograms of the muscle (EMG) changed little during hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation in contrast to the marked and characteristic changes in contraction.


some guidance. The book is divided into chapters: an overview of grieving a child's death, the unique aspects of the death before birth and in infancy, the death of a young child, the death of an older child including the adult child, siblings and other survivors (including the special experience of grandparents), a caregivers' perspective on caring for grieving families, and caregivers' issues when working with grieving families. The appendix contains a reference section noting helpful books for families and caregivers. As this book does not discuss individual or family psychopathology, it would be necessary to select a companion book to understand the wide scope of family grief. It also does not describe grief reactions of children as they grow and develop different understandings of death and grief. The beauty of this book is that it presents the stories of people the authors have known as well as stories from the literature, eg, Frances Gunther from Death Be IYot Proud, a poignant portrayal of her love for her dying son. Those stories that were omitted from the first edition are missed. One of the most helpful messages for caregivers is in the chapter entitled Caring for Grieving Families. It reads: &dquo;As caregivers we need to prepare ourselves to help by examining any preconceived ideas and judgements we may have. Their influence may be subtle or overt and pervasive. This self-examination is particularly important because the very essence of our interactions with families is that we ourselves are


Optical Wireless Networks on-Chip are an emerging technology recently proposed to improve the interconnection between different processing units in densely integrated computing architectures. In this work, we propose a 4 × 4 optical wireless switch (OWS) based on optical phased arrays (OPAs) for broadband reconfigurable on-chip communication. The OPA and OWS design criteria are reported. Moreover, the performances of the OWS are analyzed and optimized considering the electromagnetic propagation in on-chip multilayer structures, with different thicknesses of the cladding layer. The effect on the OWS behavior of a non-ideal distribution of the power in input to the OPA is also investigated by designing a 1 × 7 beam splitter, based on a single-stage multi-mode interference (MMI) device to be used as a single element of the OWS. Then, the MMI output signals are considered in input to the transmitting OPAs and the OWS performances are evaluated.


Data was collected in the Main Experiment. Empty cells represent missing values that result from the design of the experiment. Empty cells result when the respective value does not occur in the design and could thus not be measured. For example, in the case of species-specific biomass cells are left blank, when the species was not sown in the respective plot.This datasets is part of a time series analysis about abundance and species richness of flower visitors, flower trait functional diversity and flower trait community in the Main Experiment since 2002 (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.869777).


ABSTRACT Staphylococcus haemolyticus, an opportunistic pathogen, is known to exhibit multidrug resistance and produce biofilm. We sequenced the genome of four multidrug resistant, biofilm forming isolates from infected eyes and asymptomatic healthy conjunctiva.


Abstract Today's VLSI CAD tools are to be designed to handle tomorrow's designs. But, what are tomorrow's designs? How large and complex will they be? are important questions, realistic answers for which are necessary for the tool architects. The scenario is similar in the case of hardware architects including those who design processors and FPGAs. For the VLSI CAD tool and FPGA architects, the synthetic benchmark circuits (SBCs) come to their rescue by providing representative designs of tomorrow. This paper elaborates on the various techniques reported in the literature for generation of SBCs. It also presents a case study of generating a SBC for accelerated life testing of an FPGA. The paper concludes posing interesting open issues in this field.


This qualitative study introduces six creative fashion professionals, aged 55‐74, who started their careers in the 1980s. They have managed to overcome the complex challenges of employment and remain active in the highly competitive and youth-centric fashion industry of New York
 City. The participants represent key occupations that drive the behind-the-scenes creative force in the industry's supply chain. While their long careers have equipped them with expertise, multiple transferable hard and soft skills and extensive professional networks, they have become
 a rare age demographic in the industry. We investigate the importance of professional experience that comes with age in the current workforce by exploring the participants' self-reflections and assessments about their careers as ageing workers. We determine how exogenous factors such
 as globalization, trade agreements, changes in technology, the effect of politics and recessions, global health crises and endogenous factors, such as changes in positions, additional training and work‐life balance, have influenced their careers. We highlight the benefits of intergenerational
 teams in which older workers are effectively able to transfer knowledge to and collaborate with younger co-workers and vice versa. Employing insights of the theory of experience, continuity theory, social exchange theory and generational theory, the study shows that intergenerational collaboration
 is critical to mastering creative processes in the fashion and textiles industry. Our research uncovers this demographic's collective experience, tacit knowledge and resilience and proclaims their passion for their professions. It also illuminates the strategies the participants employed
 to remain professionally relevant as they adapted to the shifting landscape of the global fashion industry.


This study aims at analyzing the errors usage on students' procedure writing. It was conducted by using qualitative descriptive. The subject of this research was eighth (VIII) grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Jorlanghataran. The number of subjects was taken from two classes. It is VIII-8 and VIII-9 which consist of 60 students. The instrument for collecting data was writing procedure text. The result of the study showed that there are so many errors found on students' procedure writing. The analysis showed that the most common type of errors made by the students is omission (45,2%). From the data analysis was found that the main causes of errors is Intralingual transfer (59,6%).


The invention relates to an oil pump assembly (1) for a motor vehicle, with an oil pump (2) comprising a pump part (3) and an electric pump motor (4), wherein the pump part (3) is in operative connection with the pump motor (4), wherein the pump part (3) and / or the pump motor (4) to a housing (5) is mounted, said housing (5) an oil chamber (7) at least partially limited. Sealing problems at the pump part (3) are avoided and the installation space is small characterized in that the pump part (3) is mountable within the housing (5) and the pump motor (4) from the outside of the housing (5).


The COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges to delivering music content through distance learning, adding to what is often already a stressful and challenging time for first-year educators. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of six first-year music teachers who began teaching in Hawai'i during the COVID-19 pandemic. I interviewed participants twice during the summer after their first year of teaching and collected background information and teaching artifacts. Despite the year's challenges, the teachers maintained their commitment to teaching. They did note that they felt underprepared for this experience by their undergraduate education and lack of prior teaching experience. Themes suggested the importance of teacher mentors and professional networks for the novice teachers, and that these teachers could have benefited from ongoing support from their preservice teacher education programs. In addition, the experiences of these teachers highlight the importance of adaptability in learning for both students and teachers.


This study aimed to analyze: (1) the significant effect of the socio-drama method with texts are written by teacher on the students' learning outcome; (2) with texts are written by students on the students' learning outcome; (3) with texts are written by teacher on the students' responsibility attitudes; (4) with texts are written by students on the students' responsibility attitudes; (5) the effectiveness of socio-drama method with texts are written by students and socio-drama method with texts are written by teacher for learning outcomes and attitude of responsibility. This type is a quasi - experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The population was the 10 th Grade Students SMA Negeri 8 Kota Kediri 2016/2017 school year. The study findings are as follows: (1) the socio-drama method with texts are written by teacher does not have significant influence on the students' learning outcome; (2) the socio-drama method with texts are written by students has significant influence on the students' learning outcome; (3) the socio-drama method with texts are written by teacher does not have significant influence on the students' responsibility attitudes; (4) The socio-drama method with texts written by students has significant influence on the students' responsibility attitudes; (5) Socio-drama method with texts are written by students more effective than socio-drama method with texts are written by teacher on the students' learning outcome and responsibility attitudes.


Dyspnoea and dizziness are very common presentations in the emergency department. We describe three female patients complaining of dyspnoea and dizziness during their postpartum period. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy is discussed.


Recently, the health of retired National Football League players, particularly lineman has been investigated. A number of studies have reported increased cardiometabolic risk, premature cardiovascular disease and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Rugby union players have somatotypes very similar to National Football league players which suggest that rugby players may have similar health risks. The International Golden Oldies World Rugby Festival (GORF) provided a unique opportunity to investigate the demographics of veteran rugby players. METHODOLOGIES: A cross-sectional, observational study was completed using an online web-based questionnaire that consisted of medical history and physiological measures. Data analysis was completed using a one sample t-test ( 50yrs) and Chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 216 veteran rugby competitors (response rate = 6.8%) representing 10 countries, aged 35-72 yrs (mean 51.2, S.D. ±8.0), participated in the online survey. As a group, the incidence of current smokers was low at 8.8% (avg 72.4 cigs/wk) whilst the percentage consuming alcohol was high (93.1% (avg 11.2 drinks/wk). Competitors reported the following top six chronic diseases/disorders; hypertension (18.6%), arthritis (OA/RA, 11.5%), asthma (9.3%), hyperlipidemia (8.2%), diabetes (all types, 7.5%) and gout (6%), there were significant differences between groups with regard to cancer (all types) and migraines. When compared to the Australian general population (Australian Bureau of Statistics data, n=18,000), GORF competitors had a significantly lower incidence of anxiety (p 50yrs) with regard to height (180 vs 177cm), weight (97.6 vs 93.1Kg's), BMI (30 vs 29.7kg/m


Emergence of biologically important molecules on the prebiotic Earth was a critical step for the origins of life. Miller-Urey type synthesis was once demonstrated the formation of these molecules, such as amino acids and nucleobases. However, re-duced atmospheres replicated in those experiments are not realistic considering hot accretion of primitive Earth and hence, this raised questions about how such biologically important molecules were formed. Impact-induced reaction is a potential pro-cess that provides these molecules on the early Earth. Formation of a few simple amino acids, amines, and carboxylic acids has been demonstrated in experimental simulation of impacts [1-3]. In this presentation, we report the formation of biologically important organic molecules in experiments simulating reactions induced by extraterrestrial objects impacting on the early oceans. The products contained cytosine and uracil, which are nucleobases found in both DNA and RNA. Proteinogenic amino acids, glycine, alanine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and proline, were also formed as well as non-proteinogenic of β -alanine, sarcosine, α -amino-n-butyric acid, and β -aminoisobutyric acid. Furthermore, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, and butylamine were found in products. These organic molecules were formed from impact-induced reactions from iron, nickel, forsterite, water, and ammonium bicarbonate. The yields of produced organics were dependent on the amounts of both metallic iron and ammonium bicarbonate in the starting materials. Estimates based on the experimental results suggest that the formation rate of biologically relevant organics by impacts exceeded the rate supplied by carbonaceous chondrites and was comparable to the flux of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), although the concentrations of such organics in IDPs remains unclear. These results significantly expand the availability of building blocks of life on the prebiotic Earth. Shock synthesis of amino acids impacting cometary icy planet


On the condition of globalization world, cities have uprised and global urban hierarchy has formed, and this is a remarkable phenomenon in current economic and urban development. Study on world city has been emphasized by both foreign and domestic researchers since 1980s. In this article the authors firstly divide the process of research on world city into three phases, including the early research phase (before the 1980s), the world city theory formation phase(in the 1980s, the main sign is the publication of Friedmann's World City Hypothesis)and the world city theory development phase (from the 1990s to the present). Meantime, the authors also conclude the main present schools and trends of the world city research as follows: 1) Sassen's global city hypothesis; (2) the Los Angeles school, including scholars such as Scott, Soja, Davis, Jameson et al; (3) the study on the information technology revolution and world city development by Castells, Batten,Warf, Hepworth, Lanvin et al; (4)the study on world city network mutual function by Taylor, Walker, Catalano, Hoyler et al; (5) the study on the world city of developing country and area. Then, the paper in detail introduces and explains the main ideas of overseas scholars research on world city's concept, functions, classifications, formation mechanism, world city network mutual function et al. At last, the authors simply analyze Chinese scholars' research process and present situation on world city and some thought of constructing world city in China.


Assessment of the potential impact of outdoor pollutant sources on indoor air quality through the reentrainment of pollutants vis-a-vis air-handling units, doorways, and windows has mainly focused on the evaluation of fume hood, boiler, diesel generator, and vehicular pollutant emissions. In recent years, however, gaseous and waterborne pollutants emitted from cooling towers have become an increasing source of concern. Chemicals such as biocides and corrosion and scale inhibitors are used to reduce and/or eliminate algae blooms, decrease bacterial and fungal growth, and reduce the corrosion of equipment. When added to the water used in cooling towers, these chemicals are emitted in both the gaseous phase and as pollutants dissolved in or suspended in water droplets. A qualitative evaluation of exhaust dispersion and droplet deposition rates associated with cooling towers is necessary when conducting an overall review of the environmental impact on indoor air quality. This paper identifies source emission rates to be used in assessing emissions of chemical additives in cooling towers, presents provisional design criteria for evaluating the impact of the chemical additives, and evaluates alternative methodologies for quantifying impact concentrations. These alternative assessment methodologies include numerical models, physical wind tunnel simulations, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Parameters more » used in comparing the methodologies include relative accuracy (order of magnitude) and modeling and simulation limitations. « less


In this study, the activity concentrations of natural and artificial radionuclides in 18 sediment samples were investigated from Iraq's Upper and Lower Dukan Dam using the high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector as a gamma-ray spectrometry technique. The results revealed that the values of the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs sediment ranged from (2.85–24.60 Bq kg−1), (1.27–7.56 Bq kg−1), (42.14–346.60 Bq kg−1), and (0.14–3.62 Bq kg−1), respectively. The radiological risk parameters such as radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, and external hazard index were determined and found to be 30.98 Bq kg−1, 14.97 nGy h−1, 29.62 nGy h−1, 0.019 mSv y−1, 0.153 mSv y−1, 0.08, and 0.11, respectively. The observed mean values were comparable to internationally recommended values. The field dose rates were measured using the RIIDEye Handheld Radiation Isotope Identifier, and the range was 23.5 nsv h−1–80.6 nsv h−1. The data obtained in this study can be used as a baseline for future investigations of radioactivity background in the investigated area.


The objective of the presented study is to provide tools for the power plant selection that meet the performance requirements of a VTOL prototype. The tool is integrated in a Mission-Oriented Design Calculator MODC that receives information of the VTOL prototype through a General Block Data (GBD), and then process the information using two algorithms that work together to obtain sub-optimal power plant selections. The data fed to the MODC receives the information of the candidate prototype via four smaller structures that provide geometric, weights, aerodynamic, and propulsive properties that are updated during the iteration process using a series of update rules. This information is then fed to two algorithms: Sensitivity Analysis Algorithm (SAA) and the Fixed-MTOW Analysis Algorithm (FMAA) for the selection of sub-optimal configurations. The SAA generates desired target performance levels for varying aircraft speed (V), propellers' diameter (D), number of engines, and scaling factor SF. The sensitivity analysis provides families of plausible solutions of power plant selections (engine, propeller and batteries) that satisfy the performance target requirements for both axial and longitudinal flight, which are denoted Convergence Zones. The FMAA finds the sub-optimal configuration within the Convergence Zones in order to maximize the Range/Endurance of the UAV for all flight regimes, and extends the study for different combinations for payload and battery mass. After each cycle of iteration the MODC updates the VTOL prototype characteristics in the GBD, hence serving as new data to conduct new sensitivity analysis using the SAA and fine tuning of the FMAA. Results are presented for both algorithms, and conclusions are presented indicating interesting trends towards defining sub-optimal power plant combinations.


In this paper, I will show that there is not an inconsistency between the Apology and the Crito. I will outline the alleged contradiction, present some previous answers to the dilemma, and offer my own possible solu tion to the problem. 1 will show that Socrates acted consistently and that his behavior can be explained by his vow to obey established laws. Briefly stated, the alleged contradiction is this: In the Apology, Socrates tells the jury that he will not obey any verdict acquitting him of Meletus's charges that carries the condition that he cease philosophizing in the city {Apology 29d). However, in the Crito, through the mouth of the Public Laws of Athens (hereafter PLA), Socrates claims that he cannot escape because doing so would be breaking the law {Crito 51c). According to Aristotle, the juries of Athens did not just apply the law to the cases of certain individuals. Their verdicts had the force of law, or, in other words, the judgments of the jury were similar to the passage of a law through the legislative body (Santas 18). Thus, in the Apology, Socrates is willing to disobey an order of the court, whereas in the Crito, he argues that it would be wrong to disobey an order of the court. In order to get clear on this alleged contradiction, it is necessary to reconstruct the arguments that Socrates uses to justify his position in both cases. Socrates begins his argument in the Apology by claiming that one should do only what is just. It is not right to consider the results of actions as possible reasons for performing the action. Rather, one must consider only whether the action is just:


This paper proposes an integrated in-wheel motor for electric vehicles. It can offer the advantages of lightweight, compact size, high efficiency and low-speed high-torque operation. The key is to artfully integrate a coaxial magnetic gear into a permanent-magnet (PM) brushless motor in such a way that they can share a common PM rotor, hence the low-speed requirement for direct driving and the high-speed requirement for compact motor design can be achieved simultaneously. Both the static and dynamic characteristics of the proposed motor have been studied by time-stepping finite element method. A 500 W prototype has also been built up to verify the validity of the proposed motor.


This is a report of sialo-adenitis with inclusion disease of the submaxillary salivary gland in a 5 months old male infant. Cases reported in Japan are reviewed. Etiology and pathology as well as symptomatology and diagnosis are discussed.


The Protestant chorale of the German Reformation XVI century, passed in its formation and development of a unique historical and socio-cultural way: from a means broadcast of religious experience of the reformed church to a miniature masterpiece of music and poetry. Because of its aphoristic, melodies of hymns formed a sort of «dictionary of symbols», which in the form of musical quotations and abstracted musical-semiotic structures continue to operate in axiosphere of world culture, broadcasting eternal spiritual values relevant to the present day.


IT advancements directly influence a business's agility and affordability. This survey of the transformations, disruptions, and innovations brought about by cloud concepts sheds light on the tremendous foundation in place for realizing and sustaining smarter enterprises. This article is part of a special issue on advancing cloud computing.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare how some firms from China and some from other emerging countries (EC) are using a variety of branding strategies to improve their global competitiveness. A total of 14 firms have been compared on criteria related to possible acquisition of foreign brands, development of local brands, personality of the leaders and in some cases use of ideological messages.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is mostly based on case studies coming from literature, interviews from marketing executives of major enterprises from China or other EC. It is mainly exploratory in its approach.Findings – The critical success factors for the competitiveness of emerging countries brands are either coming from the choice to create a local brand from scratch, to buy an existing famous brand, or to imitate successful foreign brands. Few strategic differences appear between Chinese firms and the ones from other EC. The factors explaining success or failure are linked to the type of ind...


The kinetics of the gas phase reaction of the ketenyl radical with SO(2) was investigated over the temperature range 296-568 K using a laser-photofragment/laser-induced fluorescence technique (LP/LIF). The reactor pressure was 10 Torr N(2) or He. Pulsed photolysis of ketene (CH(2)CO) at 193 nm was used as the source of HCCO radicals. The rate coefficient for the title reaction was determined to be described by k(T) = (1.05 ± 0.33) × 10(-12) exp[(690 ± 98)K/T] cm(3) s(-1) molecule(-1) (2σ error). We applied the coupled cluster and density functional theory to explore the mechanism of the title reaction. The dominant reaction pathway begins with a barrierless association of the C of the CH group of HCCO and the O atom of SO(2).


ureter is not necessary when growths originate at a distance, b-ut, as is well known, the areas above and external to its orifice are the sites (of election for these tumours. In miiy experience papillomiiata arising hligll oni the bladder wvalls run a very beniigni course, aiid I have seein several whichl have gone for ten years or mii-ore anid remainied sniall anlid benign, an-d therefore goo(d subjects for cystodiathermy. Yet wheln miialignanicy does occuIr excisioni has to be exceptionally free because the vesical apex is a watershed for the lvmphatic fields, and the routes of disseminiatioii are therefore lnumerous. For this reason, tlhouglh the growth ilvolves the imiost accessible p)art of the bladder wall' the late operative results are niot so good as those following operationi oni growths arisinlg at the site of election (Squier25). Moreover, the dome of the bladder " resembles the silent area of tho stomach, the greater curvature, where tumours occasionally become large before localizing symptoms appear " (Scholl29). The prelillminary mobilizationi of tlhe bladder whichl I lhave described is an invaluable mnethod of attack in other operative procedures on the (ieep)er-placed areas of the viscusas, for example, when a dliverticulumn lhas to be removed or a stone in the lowest segment of the ureter calls for open operation. In one of mn two cases of papillonma springinog from within a diverticulumii the whole sac was excised together with the papilloma. Irni another patient, of whom I halre already spoken, the lowerenrid of'thie ureter contained a recurrent l)apilloma togetlher with an implantatioll in the bladder at the ureterlic outlet. The ureterl wlas removed by a similar exposure, togethller nith an area of bladder surroundinlg its orifice. WVIhatever method of opeli operation is employed the tendency for implantation to occ'Ur' -inl the w-ound itself mulst be guarded against by pr'otecting all exposed surfaces with tetras and swabs soaked in silver nitr ate solution (1 in 1,000). The greatest care is exercisetd in the hlanldlinlg of the growth itself, anid ever-'y preparation wlhich can s4horten the time that it is exposetd is undertakell before thle bladder is opened. Here againi the advantage of the preliminary wide mobilizatioln of the organi is evid'ent. In the final toilet the wound is again sponiged witlh silver nitrate 1 in 1,000, resoirciii 50 per cenit. (YoPniig and Davis),4 orialcolhol (Beer), according to the clhoice of the surIgeonl. Thlis is a large anid severe olpration, yet it represenits a mlaterial improvement oni its predecessors. Wlheni the tumLnouir is small it is less (lifficuilt, bnit wlihen it isl-argre the (lifficulties ake much inereased. The fact iAiichi limst strike ,Tie, of couirse, is the wide difference btweeon the treatenlt of a small benign and a large imaligntant, growthi, the onee being successful nod rapid, the othc'r very dangerous and very diffilealt. '1i problv)iobn theo. efore lies in gettinig the cases in their evarly stages.9 as soon as ever the earIliest haematuria gives walnilng of a lesioni ill thle uriniary tract which calls for cystos,.copy. It is the relative infrequ;ency of bladder tulmours wlich mlilitates againist their elarly referenice to the sIlurgeoii, for the importance of immediate examinatio'n is lnot borne homiie so easily to the mnedical attendaut. Had symptomless haematuria been as common as the a(cute appen;dix, it wvould hanve gon:1e through1 the samen pbase asthat coniditioni experienced twenty years ago, and wo-uld niow be invariably submitted to immediate eystoscopy, just ats the .acufte abdomen -is promiiptly sutbmitted to laparotounr.


Typical transistor d.c. output characteristics show a finite slope at low currents usually explained by the Early effect, and negative slope at high currents explained by the second breakdown phenomena. In this paper the calculations of transistor output characteristics on very simple model of self-heating are performed without taking the Early and second breakdown effects into consideration. In spite of this the calculated characteristics exhibit finite at low currents and negative slope at higher currents.


Because a male plethodontid salamander actively uses its tail during courtship, an experiment was designed to compare differences in courtship ability and insemination success between male D. ochrophaeus with and without intact tails. Rates of spermatophore deposition and of female insemination were scored during two blocks of staged courtship encounters: during the first block of tests, both experimental and control groups of males had intact tails; during the second block, experimental males were tailless while the control males had intact tails. Courtship and insemination scores did not differ significantly before or after tail loss.


Transition metals and heteroatom doped porous carbon materials have become sone of the most promising catalyst candidates to replace noble metal catalysts for high efficiency oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). Currently, however, the widely used hard templating method for preparing such materials is often complicated and expensive. Here, we develop a rapid gas foaming process to prepare a novel Fe nanoparticle modified N-doped three-dimensional porous carbon framework (Fe/3DNC) catalyst with a controllable microscopic morphology and catalytic efficiency by regulating the amount of urea. It is found that the optimized Fe/3DNC-2 catalyst has a high specific surface area (438 m2 g−1), hierarchically porous structure and homogeneous distribution of active sites (pyridinic N, graphitic N and FeNX). Thanks to the unique 3D framework architecture, the Fe/3DNC-2 catalyst exhibits a remarkable activity and long-term durability towards the ORR, such as a half-wave potential (E1/2 = 0.874 V vs. RHE) and onset potential (EOnset = 0.995 V vs. RHE) which is more positive than that of a commercial noble metal catalyst (20% Pt/C, E1/2 = 0.848 V, EOnset = 0.973 V) in an alkaline medium, and a half-wave potential with only a slight negative shift of approximately 7 mV after 5000 cycles.


Summary form only given. The authors reported the first results from an adaptive system operating online at the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT), in which the wavefront is sensed by a neural network, implemented on an array of 20 transputers. Star images were formed at a wavelength of 2.2 mu m by two coherently phased apertures of the MMT, and analyzed by the net. Outputs from the net were used to drive piezoelectric actuators on two segments of an adaptive mirror in the optical beam train, controlling five degrees of freedom of the wavefront. With the servo loop in operation, the corrected image shows significant power at the diffraction limit of 0.1 arcseconds (0.5 mu rad) and a much improved peak intensity.<<ETX>>


This article discusses the cultural and political leadership of KHR. Ahmad Fawaid in Situbondo in 1990-2012. History records and leadership roles son of Kiai As'ad , needs to be studied more in depth. It's based on the role and KHR. Ahmad Fawaid's personal figure a very large effect on society in the Situbondo regency. Research method used is history method. According to Louis Gottschalk history method envelop that the heuristic stage , source criticism, interpretation, historiography. According to Jarmanto, Leadership is a relationship between a group formed around common interests and act in the manner prescribed and directed by the leadership. It appropriates with the leadership role of KHR. Ahmad Fawaid as the head of elder in DPC PKB and the chairman of DPC PPP in Situbondo. According to Siagan, to highlight the role of a leader we need to put that theory is based on five funfsi leadership namely: (1). Leadership as a determinant of the direction to be taken in the achievement of business objectives, (2). Deputy and spokesman for the organization in relation to parties outside the organization, (3). Leaders as effective communicators, (4). Qualified mediators, particularly in relation to the internal or external administration, especially in dealing with conflict situations, (5). Leaders as integrators effective, rational, objective and neutral.


There are many gaps in our current healthcare system and in this ethics legal column, I have invited Kristi L. Kirschner, MD to guest edit on an important and timely topic: care of people with pediatric-onset disabilities who are aging into the adult care system.


Objective To observe the effect of hypotonic solution on primary astrocytes proliferation and cell cycle progression.Methods Primary cultured rat cortex astrocytes were randomly divided into two groups: control group and hypotonic group.In the present study,we applied hypotonic solution followed by recovery in the cultured rat astrocytes.At different time points(0,12,24,48h),the astrocytes proliferation rates were evaluated by Brdu incorporation assay,while the cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry with prodium iodine(PI) staining.Results Compared with the control group,there were no statistical change of the astrocytes proliferation rates and cell cycle distributions after hypotonic treatment.Conclusion Hypotonic treatment couldn't induce proliferation and cell cycle progression of cortex astrocytes in vitro.


Growth and survival of recombinant Rhodococcus sp. isolate RHA1 (fcb) in commercial peat and in PCB contaminated soil The group of organochlorates Biphenyl Polychlorates (PCBs) is of difficult degradation and persistent in the environment, being associated to several problems in the organisms due to its toxicological potential. The isolate RHA1 (fcb) from Rhodococcus sp. was genetically built with the introduction of the operon of hydrolytic degradation 4-chlorobenzoate (fcb) to avoid the formation of toxic products during the degradation of chlorobenzoic acids. In order to obtain information about the adaptative process of the recombinant Rhodococcus sp. isolate RHA1 (fcb) in substrates containing PCBs, two essays were made evaluating the survival and growth of this isolate. Rhodococcus sp. isolate RHA1 (fcb) was inoculated (10 cells.g) in peat substrate previously irradiated with 50 kGy, with and without 200 mg.kg of biphenyl. In another essay, besides of the recombinant, the bacteria Escherichia coli and Arthrobacter sp. were inoculated in soil, also irradiated (50 kGy), from the Estuário de Santos region containing PHAs and PCBs. The growth of the bacteria in both substrates was monitorated counting the Colony Forming Units (CFUs). Some colonies were selected randomly for DNA extraction, fcb operon detection through PCR, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Rising in the number of CFUs in the recombinant inoculated treatments was observed until 150 days in the essay with peat substrate, and until 70 days in the environmental sample. Nonetheless, there was a reduction in the number of CFUs after 10 days in the treatment inoculated with E. coli and Arthrobacter sp. The genes fcbA and fcbB from the operon fcb were detected in the isolated colonies of the treatments inoculated with the isolate RHA1 (fcb) in both substrates. The analysis of the sequences belonging to the colonies isolated from the treatment inoculated with the isolate RHA1 (fcb) through BLAST in the NCBI and Ribosomal Database Project sites showed 99% identity with the sequence of the gene 16S ribosomal from Rhodococcus sp. isolate ZC-3 (AM076672.1). Only the sequences referring to the treatment inoculated with E. coli were analyzed, which showed 99% identity with the sequence of the 16S ribosomal gene from E. coli isolate K-12 MG 1655 (U00096.2). These results suggest that Rhodococcus sp. isolate RHA1 (fcb) grows in the peat irradiated (until 150 days), in the presence and absence of PCB and in this irradiated sediment sample (until 70 days), with apparent stability of the fcb operon during this period and in these conditions. The possible presence of the fcbA and fcbB genes in native bacteria grown in K1 medium with 4-chlorobenzoate acid isolated from sediment before irradiation suggests the presence of native bacteria with biodegradation potential of this compound.


Drew Billings's monograph, Acts of the Apostles and the Rhetoric of Roman Imperialism, situates the narrative of Acts within norms of representation current in the early second-century Roman empire, particularly the reign of Trajan. The book is interdisciplinary in nature, combining biblical studies with empire theory and the study of Roman art and architecture in what is fundamentally a work of comparative socio-rhetorical analysis. Especially novel is the attention the author gives to the Column of Trajan in Rome, whose carved panels depicting Trajan's success in the Dacian conquests are analyzed extensively as representative of the imperial rhetoric that dominated the context in which Acts was written and which, allegedly, shaped fundamentally the theology, aesthetics, and social aims of Acts. The book begins with an introduction reviewing scholarship on Acts and empire and laying out Billings's case for dating Acts in the early second century. Chapter 1, "Acts and Monumental History," lays out Billings's methodology by presenting the Column of Trajan as a pictorial "narrative" of Trajan's Dacian Wars and Acts as a literary "monument" of the apostolic movement. Between these now comparable "texts," Billings discovers three major stylistic commonalities—the use of a continuous narrative format, an encomiastic presentation of protagonists, and literary realism—that together facilitate the rewriting of history according to the authors' ideologies and social ambitions. Chapter 2, "Imperial Virtue and Provincial Representations," surveys representations of the emperor in Roman art, architecture, and literature, demonstrating that imperial ideology was concerned with a ubiquitous display of Trajan's expansive power, which was cast as a beneficent, civilizing force delivering the provinces from barbarism. Despite the chapter's title, most of Billings's attention is given to expressions of imperial virtue in Rome itself, particularly Trajan's Column, though data from a study by Arjan Zuiderhoek—The Politics of Munificence in the Roman Empire: Citizens, Elites and Benefactors in Asia Minor (Cambridge University Press,


1 This draws on the sound and video-recordings made by Ane Mette Ruge and Emil Boserup in 2012, four years before the death of the renowned Danish pioneer of electronic music, Else Marie Pade. In the video you see the composer in her late age, listening to her own composition 'Faust' from 1962. Due to a slowly increasing state of dementia, Else Marie Pade is sliding in and out of 'different states of consciousness', more or less 'provoked' by her own composition and by the conditions of the shared social situation of listening and recording. The footage, a single-angle mediation, reveal, to a degree, Else Marie Pade sliding in and out of what appears to be a 'meta-space' of a life lived by. This is where I would like to depart on my inquiry today. The question is, what did the recordings capture that afternoon? Ethics is deeply mediated by conventions and culture, and those ethics tells us that when a brain is old and tired we should not publicly expose the person of that brain, nor make it the subject of critical study. The conventional framing of our life is thus that the brain is considered sacred, as the bearer of something unapproachable and 'unmediated'. As if the critique of the human brain as the epicentre of epistemology and knowledge never happened.


The dressing process with different dressing condition was introduced.After getting the topography of the dressed wheel surface from surface roughness tester,the variance of spectrum by software FFT was analyzed.The result revealed that the characteristic frequency of wheel was obvious when the depth of dressing was little.With the depth of dressing increasing and the spectrum intensity decreasing,the characteristic frequency of wheel was inconspicuous.If the dressing feed was small,the characteristic frequency of wheel was inconspicuous.With the depth of dressing increasing,the characteristic frequency of wheel was obvious.


Clonidine, a commonly used anti-hypertensive agent, is being increasingly used in the treatment of pediatric behavioral disorders, thus increasing the incidence of pediatric poisoning. Poisoning causes somnolence, respiratory depression, hypotension, sinus bradycardia, and miosis. Clonidine overdose of >0.01 mg/kg causes bradycardia and hypotension and >0.02 mg/kg causes apnea and respiratory depression. A 13-year-old boy presented to us with ingestion of 0.073 mg/kg clonidine. He had only sinus bradycardia and drowsiness, which had resolved without any active interventions. As the life-threatening side effects of clonidine poisoning seem to be very rare even at toxic doses, it can be used safely in the pediatric age group.


, Vol. 53, Issue 4, pp. 444–447, ISSN 0037-7791, electronic ISSN 1533-8533. © 2006 by Society for the Study of Social Problems, Inc. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www. ucpress.edu/journals/rights.htm. Introduction: "The Missing Feminist Revolution" Symposium


Nowadays, we have access to unprecedented quantities of data composed of heterogeneous data types (HDT). Heterogeneous data mining (HDM) is a new research area that focuses on the processing of HDT. Usually, input data is transformed into an algebraic model before data processing. However, how to combine the representations of HDT into a single model for a unified processing of big data is an open question. In this article, the authors attempt to find answers to this question by solving a data integration (DI) problem which involves the processing of seven HDT. They propose to solve the DI problem by combining multi-objective optimization and self-organizing maps to find optimal parameters settings for most accurate HDM results. The preliminary results are promising, and a post processing algorithm is proposed which makes the DI operations much simpler and more accurate.


This paper considers the design of a modulator supply for RF tube applications. The supply is based on direct modulation of a series resonant parallel loaded power supply. The main aim of this work is to monitor semiconductor losses of the IGBT modules through calorimetry and the device temperature using high speed thermal imaging, during the pulse. The paper provides an overview of the technology and design used on the test rig prototype under study. The final experimental rig layout designed for internal device temperature and loss measurement will be presented. The overall goal of the work is to identify the limitations and reliability of the modulator technology proposed.


The purpose of this study is to determine whether the mean fundamental frequency (F0) changes depending on language, task, or language proficiency for Korean-English bilinguals. A total of forty-eight Korean-English speakers (28 balanced bilinguals and 20 Korean dominant bilinguals) participated in the study. Participants were asked to read aloud two types of tasks in English and Korean. For statistical analyses, the language × task two-way repeated ANOVAs were conducted within the balanced bilingual group first, and then group × language two-way mixed ANOVAs. The results showed that the females in both bilingual groups changed their mean F0 depending on the language they used and the tasks ( p <.05), whereas no significant results were found in the males in either group under any conditions. The mean fundamental frequency in the Korean reading task was significantly higher than that in the English reading task for females in both balanced and Korean dominant bilingual groups. Thus, changes in mean F0 depending on language and context may reflect gender-specific characteristics, and females seem to be more sensitive to the socio-cultural standards that are imposed on them.


The paper proposes a software architecture for cloud robotics which intends three subsystems in the cloud environment: Middleware Subsystem, Background Tasks Subsystem, and Control Subsystem. The architecture invokes cloud technologies such as cloud computing, cloud storage, and other networking platforms arranged on the assistances of congregated infrastructure and shared services for robotics, for instance Robot Operating System (ROS). Since the architecture is looking for reliable, scalable, and distributed system for the heterogeneous large-scale autonomous robots, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is chosen among the cloud services. Three major tasks can be handled by the proposed software architecture Computing, Storage, and Networking. Hadoop-MapReduce provides the appropriate framework in the cloud environment to process and handle these tasks.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, diclofenac sodium, poloxamer mixtures, and relates liquid suppository compositions comprising at least one polymeric selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide and polyvinylpyrrolidone, which is as follows characterized by: (1) foreign body sensation or discomfort during rectal administration of the composition does not occur; (2) it is easy administration, the composition is not or is shifted to the large intestine ends or leak from the anus after rectal administration .


Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common metabolic disease caused by increased formation or reduced excretion of uric acid. Although HUA does not cause direct damage to the body, it is closely related to the occurrence of various diseases, including gout, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. At present, the prevalence of HUA is not as high as that of hypertension, diabetes, etc., but some studies show that the prevalence of HUA is increasing year by year, and its negative impact is large, which deserves public attention. The Chinese population is composed of 56 ethnic groups, among which the Yi minority comprises approximately 0.6% of the total. Initially, most of the Yi population lived in the high mountains or deep valleys, their diets mostly consisted of vegetables (buckwheat, potatoes, corn, rice, wheat, etc.), and their days were occupied by physical labor. As China developed economically and socially, much of the Yi population gradually migrated to cities or towns, which resulted in continuous improvement in their standards of living and subsequent increases in the incidence of several lifestyle-related diseases. Previous studies focused on cardiovascular diseases among Yi farmers and migrants, but seldom on the prevalence of HUA among Yi farmers and migrants. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study of HUA and associated factors among Yi farmers and migrants from April to November 2015. The China National Health Survey (CNHS) was conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences to evaluate physiological constants and health conditions in the Chinese. The CNHS used a multistage cluster sampling method. According to the level of urbanization, two locations were chosen randomly chosen for sampling in this cross-sectional study, including a large city (Xichang Center for Disease Control in Xichang city) and a county seat (Puge Center for Disease Control in Puge County). Yi farmers referred to Yi residents who had engaged in agricultural work in rural areas since birth; Yi migrants referred to Yi residents who were born in rural areas and are now living or working in cities and towns. The inclusion criteria were 1) age 20 years or older; 2) Yi persons whose parents were both Yi minority; 3) for permanent residents, occupancy of current address for longer than 6 months; 4) cognitive awareness and effective language communication; 5) for migrants, occupancy of current residence for more than 5 years. The exclusion criteria were 1) participants with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, gout, cancer, kidney diseases, and blood system diseases; 2) participants who were taking diuretics, immunosuppressive drugs, anti-tuberculosis drugs, vitamins, and steroids; 3) psychiatric patients, pregnant women, and active duty soldiers. A total of 2,147 participants were eligible for our study; 1,838 participants completed the questionnaire, for a response rate of 85.6%. After exclusion of individuals with an invalid questionnaire and those lacking laboratory results, data for 1,838 participants were included in the final analysis. The sample size of Yi farmers and migrants was approximately 1,109 and 729, respectively (Supplementary Figure S1, available in www. besjournal.com). A questionnaire about demographic information and health history was administered during a comprehensive interview by well-trained


Abstract Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, frequently metastasizes to the brain. While peripheral melanoma is largely treatable, MBM fail to respond to current therapeutics and is a clear unmet clinical need. Initial clinical symptoms of Melanoma Brain Metastases (MBM) typically include headaches, seizures and other neurological deficits, suggesting that MBM disrupt normal brain functions. One of the major cell types that melanoma encounter and interact with during brain metastasis are astrocytes. Astrocytes, the most abundant cell in the brain, interact with neurons and the vasculature, provide trophic and energetic support to neurons, and regulate local blood flow. Metabolic pathways in astrocytes, particularly the glutamate-glutamine cycle, are essential for the recycling and resupply of neurotransmitters needed to maintain the excitation/inhibition balance. We propose that MBM co-opt astrocytic metabolism, fueling MBM growth, and deplete metabolic intermediates crucial for neuronal activity leading to altered neurologic function. We begin to unravel the metabolic interactions between astrocytes and MBM using novel modeling platforms with genetic and pharmacological tools to manipulate the tumor microenvironment. This project investigates the contribution of astrocytic metabolism to MBM growth. We intend on dissecting the distinct metabolic needs of metastatic brain melanoma in the CNS microenvironment and the subsequent neurological consequences. Completion of this project will provide a platform to study MBM and interaction with the local brain microenvironment. Inhibiting metabolic interactions between melanoma and glial cells may provide new avenue for therapeutic targeting of MBM.


The susceptibility of 14 mouse strains to a regressing and a conventional strain of Friend leukemia virus was studied. A comparison of leukemia incidence and latent period to leukemia development demonstrated that, for all mouse strains, the susceptibility to both viruses was the same.


The electronic structures of a triazole-bridged Fe(II) chain of (MX3)n type are examined employing the extended Huckel approximation. Several aspects of the spin transition in the one-dimensional system are presented using a regular chain model with all Fe−N bonds of 2.166 A, a contracted chain model with all Fe−N bonds of 2.031 A, and a bond-length-alternant chain model with long and short Fe−N bonds of 2.176 and 2.031 A. The relative stability among the high-spin (HS), intermediate-spin (IS), and low-spin (LS) states is compared taking one-electron energies and qualitative electron−electron interactions into account. In the regular chain model, "six-below-four" d-block bands appear, and this chain structure is appropriate for the HS state above the observed transition temperature (Tc). On the other hand, in the alternant chain model, one pair of the eg-block bands is significantly destabilized as a result of geometry perturbation. Below Tc, the LS diamagnetic state in a sufficiently long chain is likely...


Background: The increase in global prevalence of obesity and diabetes, and the growth of the elderly population worldwide emphasize the biomedical research need for an animal model which exhibits close similarity to human disease and aging processes. The rhesus monkey develops obesity and type 2 diabetes spontaneously and naturally when ad libitum fed, within a lifespan which is about a third that of the human. Objective: To characterize the genetic, structural, biochemical and physiological changes occurring in monkeys who age successfully and in those who develop obesity and type 2 diabetes. Results: The rhesus monkey demonstrates the same signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes, including macroand microvascular complications, as observed in humans. Age-related changes, potential biomarkers, and proposed biochemical pathways of aging can be readily investigated, with outcomes very similar to those in humans. Conclusion: The rhesus monkey model imparts valuable insights to normal and pathological processes accompanying aging and type 2 diabetes. It also provides a valuable tool by which to test novel therapeutic interventions which otherwise can not be performed in humans due to ethical considerations, but where results are highly translatable.


Architecting With RM-ODP is writen by Janis Putman in English language. Release on 2001, this book has 834 page count that attach valuable information with easy reading experience. The book was publish by Prentice Hall Professional, it is one of best computers book genre that gave you everything love about reading. You can find Architecting With RM-ODP book with ISBN 0130191167. Preface To understand anything, you should not try to understand everything.-Aristotle The whole is greater than the sum of the parts; the part is greater than a fraction of the whole.-Aristotle Architecting is a challenging process of abstraction, composition, modularity, and simplification to create an architecture specification. An architecture specification captures the essence and definition of the system: understanding, parts, and the relationships among the parts. An architecture specification defines how a system solves a business problem within the scope of the business.-Putman Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. You will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.-Alexander Graham Bell There are large gaps in the theory and practice of software architecture and engineering. Much is published about


The utility model discloses a device for removing a test tube cap, belongs to a medical clinical examination technology, and mainly solves the problems of complex structure and low working efficiency of the conventional device for removing the test tube cap. The device for removing the test tube cap comprises a rack, a test tube fixing mechanism, a test tube cap removal mechanism, and a lifting mechanism; the test tube fixing mechanism and the lifting mechanism are fixed on the rack; and the test tube cap removal mechanism is fixed on the lifting mechanism, and the test tube cap removal mechanism is positioned above the test tube fixing mechanism. The test tube fixing mechanism comprises a test tube frame and a cover plate; and the cover plate is arranged at an opening of the upper end of the test tube frame, and the cover plate is provided with at least two test tube positioning holes. The test tube cap removal mechanism comprises a support seat, and at least two groups of left removal units and right removal units. The utility model has the advantages that: the device is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, high in working efficiency, and easy to manufacture, and can quickly remove the test tube cap from a test tube; and the test tube cap is stressed uniformly, the phenomenon the test tube is broken because the test tube is stressed excessively and locally is avoided, and the test tube vibrates slightly during removal of the test tube cap.


Background Symptom monitoring application (SMA) has clinical benefits to cancer patients but patients experience difficulties in using it. Few studies have identified which types of graphical user interface (GUI) are preferred by cancer patients for using the SMA. Methods This is a cross-sectional study aimed to identify preferred GUI among cancer patients to use SMA. Total of 199 patients were asked to evaluate 8 types of GUIs combining text, icon, illustration, and colors using mixed-methods. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and gender. Results The mean age of the patients was 57 and 42.5% was male. The most preferred GUI was "Text + Icon + Color" (mean = 4.43), followed by "Text + Icon" (mean = 4.39). Older patients (≥ 60 years) preferred "Text + Icon" than younger patients (p for interaction < 0.01). Simple and intuitive text and icons were the most useful GUI for cancer patients to use the SMA. Conclusion Simple and intuitive text and icons were the most useful GUI for cancer patients to use the SMA. Researchers need to be careful when applying realistic face drawings to cancer symptom monitoring applications because they can recall negative images of cancer.


Background:Ovulation constitutes a central event in ovarian physiology, and ovulatory dysfunction which is a relevant cause of female infertility. Mammalian ovulation is comparable to aninflammatory reaction since many of the molecules responsible for inducing the inflammatorycascade including PGs, leukotrienes and various cytokines have been describedin the ovary.Objectives:This study was designed to compare between the effects of some NSAIDs(aspirin,diclofenac sodium and meloxicam)on the ovulatory process and the reproductive tract of female mice.Materials and methods:Twenty four female mice were subdivided into 4groups (6 animals/group).The first received distilled water serve as control group, the second receivedaspirin (7.5 mg/kg.B.W) ,thethird received diclofenac sodium(2mg/kg.B.W) and the fourth received meloxicam(0.001mg/kg.B.W) subcutaneously at proestrous phase,Blood was collected at metestrousfor subsequent hormonal assay. The whole reproductive tract was excised out, examined, weighed and ova were flushed.Results :Female mice that received 7.5 mg/kg.B.W of aspirin,showedenlarged, congested ovaries with cystic appearance and congested uteri with prominent blood vessels.Mice that received 2mg /kg.B.W.diclofenac and those received 0.01 mg/kg.B.W. meloxicam showed more congestion and more obvious cystic appearance of ovaries with uteri more bulky compared to controls that showed no congestion and no cystic appearance of the ovaries with thin non congested uteri.Highly significant (P < 0.001) increase in the ovarian weight and highly significant decrease in number of ova flushedwhile no significant changes (P > 0.05) were seen in the uterine weight nor in hormonal levels of LH and FSH between controls and each of animals that received aspirin, diclofenac and meloxicam respectively.Conclusion:Short -term administration of low-dose (aspirin, diclofenac& meloxicam) to female mice at proestrous cause a highly significant increase in the ovarian weight with morphological changes of ovaries and uteri and a highly significant decrease in the ovulatory rate as compared to controls .Greater effect were produced by meloxicam with a lower dose compare to diclofenac and aspirin.


We present an internet-based system that helps teachers to make a cloze test on an online news article. The current system supports question making on grammar and vocabulary of English. The system works as an assistant to the teacher. It helps the user to choose an article, highlights grammar targets, suggests possible choices for the wrong alternatives, and formats the questions in a printer-friendly way. We use the technique of NLP (Natural Language Processing) to provide suggestions for the wrong alternatives. The user interface is built on a web browser so the user can make a test easily (just by clicking on the text.) The user evaluation shows that about 80% of the questions made with this application are appropriate, and the usefulness and the usability of the interface are satisfactory.


ABSTRACT We compared automation monitoring evolution of static or adaptive automation for four different reliability levels over 90 minutes. Previous studies have demonstrated degraded human performance when monitoring automation and that it is possible to mitigate this monitoring performance drop by using adaptive automation. We used the Open Multi-Attribute Task Battery to manipulate two type of automation (static automation without manual take-over sessions and adaptive automation with planned take-over sessions) and four levels of reliability. Participants performed three simultaneous tasks, one of which was automated. Our results suggest that a perfectly reliable or a totally unreliable automation led to different strategies by the participants in terms of visual allocation policy. Under static automation, the time spent looking at the automated task in the 0% reliability level increased over the duration of the experiment; however, the opposite was observed for the 100% reliability level. Although similar, the magnitude of this pattern of results was largely diminished under adaptive automation. For static automation, the reported data also showed a direct link between trust in automation and visual scanning strategies. The more the trust increased, the less the automated task was looked at.


Efforts to increase rice production and productivity nationally are still being disturbed by plant pest organisms. One of the diseases that have received serious attention is the tungro disease, which has the ability to attack rice plants in endemic areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance of several rice lines towards the Lanrang South Sulawesi tungro virus inoculum including morphological characteristics. This study was conducted at the Tungro Disease Research station from June to September 2020. A total of 14 lines were tested for resistance compared to the Tukad Petanu, Tukad Balian, Inpari 8 and Tukad Unda lines against the tungro disease. The rice lines were planted in the form of an augmented design consisting of five blocks. Each block contained three test lines and four comparison varieties, the lines were planted in plots (1 × 5) m, with 25 × 25 cm spacings. The results showed that the population of green leafhoppers at the age of 20 DAP and 30 DAP was found to range from 1 to 95 individuals per line/variety, while the incidence of tungro disease was 1.3 to 11.3% in the three test lines, namely STLRG17 15 LR 1, STLRG17 15 LR 2, and STLRG17 108 LR 1. The highest 1000 seed weight was found in the STLRG17 176 LR 2 line (25.1 g) and the lowest was STLRG17 51 LR 1 (17.6 g). The STLRG17 175 LR 1, STLRG17 176 LR, STLRG17 -175-LR-1, STLRG17-28-LR-1, and STLRG17-26-LR-2  5 lines had a fairly good and consistent appearance at 1000 seed weight, higher yield, productive tillers, plant height, and resistance to tungro disease compared to the comparison varieties.


Evaluation of the surgical approach and treatment outcomes in patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia classified as anatomic type 3 and 4, physiologic class B (Cierny-Mader). Analysis of surgical treatment of 68 patients (average age of 45.6 years) with chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia covered the period from June 1, 2013 till January 1, 2015. There were 49 males (72%). The first (I) group included 39 patients with type 3 chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia, the second (II) group – 29 patients with type 4 osteomyelitis. The follow-up was for 1–18 months. Duration of the surgery, intraoperative blood loss, causes of osteomyelitis and the frequency of infection recurrence were evaluated. In the group I, 33.3% of patients underwent debridement of the infected site and replacement of the bone defect with an antibiotic-laden cement spacer. In 28.2% of cases, a biodegradable antibiotic delivery system was used for the replacement. 23.1% of cases involved muscle flap coverage of the bone and tissue defect, while 15.4% – treatment with external fixation. In the group II, the proportion of cases treated with external fixation was 58.6%. It was higher than in group I (p Duration of the surgery and blood loss in group II was 2.4 and 1.7 times higher than in group I. The frequency of infection recurrence in both groups was comparable (about 13%). The average time of its manifestation was 20.8 days in group II and 41.6 days in group I. Infection recurrence after muscle flap coverage was not observed. S.aureus was the most common pathogen in both groups (50–60%). Microbial associations were isolated in 28.3 and 38% of cases in groups I and II, respectively. 33.3% of patients experienced infection caused by P.аeruginosa. Differences in the blood loss and duration of the surgery were due to the larger volume of the affected tissues in type 4 chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia. High frequency of infection recurrence was observed in patients with microbial associations and P.aeruginosa. The surgical treatment of choice for these patients might be muscle flap coverage. It is necessary to consider the type of a pathogen for systemic and local antimicrobial therapy.


The oscillations of the test particles on circular orbits in field of super-extremal charged central object are researched. The formulae for oscillation frequencies are obtained in cases of circular orbits perturbations caused by small change in energy of the particle or by the small change in mass of the central object.


In a recent article by the authors, the suggestion was made that arrow pushing, a widely used tool in organic chemistry, could also be profitably employed in the teaching of introductory inorganic chemistry. A number of relatively simple reactions were used to illustrate this thesis, raising the question whether the same approach might rationalize a broader range of main-group element reactions that are commonly included in descriptive inorganic texts. This question is answered here in the affirmative, based on analyses of six reactions (in a nod to Alice in Wonderland) that to the uninitiated would appear puzzling to near-impenetrable as exercises in arrow pushing. The examples chosen strongly suggest that the arrow-pushing approach is applicable to the great majority of reactions involving molecular p-block compounds.


DNA involve in Multimodel Biometrics uses application preregistered physiological and/or behavioral data pertaining to individual users to verify or identify the individual . Identification biometrics identifies an individual user from a large enrollment database, while verification biometrics confirms the identity of an individual by linking their name with the preregistered physiological or behavioral data on file. The division between physiological and behavioral recognition is an important aspect of biometric technologies.


Unsteady flow field around a rigid 2D NACA 0012 foil perfoming pitching oscillations is studied numerically, changing the reduced frequency and pivot point location. Special attention is payed to the ability of thrust production. Viscous flow simulation is based on solving the full 2D laminar incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in vorticity-stream function formulation, defined in moving noninertial frame of refrence. An implicit factored finite-difference numerical algorithm is used. Performed numerical tests for simulation indicate that, the simulated flow is of sufficient accuracy to merit a physical analysis. The computed flow pattern is compared with the flow visualized experimentally and both results seem to agree satisfactorily. It was proved that, for large products of reduced frequency and distance to the pivot point location, the pitching hydrofoil is able to produce thrust but of low efficieny. However, the comparison with available results based on nonviscous flow investigations shows that the thrust and efficiency in these cases is highly overestimated. It is connected with the strong vortical structures near the leading edge. The same combination of parameters but in the case of pivot point located in front of the foil, is found more efficient. The flow pattern analysis shows that in this case the dominant leading edge vortex is weaker and it is washed downstream easier.


Gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) typically occur in upland xeric habitats, where long-term stability is thought to be required for population persistance. The southernmost population on Cape Sable, Florida, occupies 113 ha of unstable coastal dunes. This isolated popu- lation is relatively dense, estimated at 11.3 tortoises/ha, and consists of over 1200 tortoises. Burrows are randomly distributed over the coastal grassland habitat. The size distribution of burrows sug- gests the occurrence of larger animals than in other populations studied, probably owing to the long-term absence of human predation. Population density seems to have increased substantially in the 16 years since the last hurricane passed over the area. Environmental conditions, particularly storms and drought, may explain the recent population trend, size structure, and distribution of this coastal population.


As is widely known, Japanese and Chinese not only share the common logographic orthography called "kanji" or "hanzi" respectively, but also share a number of kanji compounds as cognates, many of which share the same or similar meaning. The major objective of this dissertation is to investigate the roles of transfer and the difficulty in Chinese background learners' (CBLs') use and acquisition of Japanese kanji compounds and kanji words. In particular, under what condition and how do CBLs transfer Chinese words into Japanese counterparts is investigated. The results of a lexicality judgement test, an oral production test, and a translation test showed that acquisition of partially deceptive cognates, which share the same orthography with partly the same and partly different meanings, was often prolonged. It was also found that the difficulty of acquisition of partially deceptive cognates varied according to their cross-linguistic semantic condition and task type. In the oral production test, CBLs frequently used L1 words by adapting them into L2 phonology both successfully and unsuccessfully when they had no prior knowledge of the L2 counterparts. In addition, negative transfer was detected even when CBLs had a correct knowledge of the L2 word. The results of the translation test revealed that CBLs are liable to misinterpret the meaning of partially deceptive cognates when one of their meanings happens to make sense within the context. Additionally, it is suggested that CBLs might create different types of interlanguage depending upon the cross-linguistic semantic condition and relative frequency of the L2 input for each meaning of the partially deceptive cognates. The transferability of polysemy was found to be constrained by prototype condition, learners' existing L2 knowledge, and task type. While transferability correlated well with the perceived prototypicality of the L1 items in CBLs' oral production, transfer was also at work for the less prototypical items in their comprehension task. The findings indicate that the transferability of Chinese words into their Japanese counterparts is constrained by multiple factors. Further, both positive and negative transfer influence CBLs' production, comprehension, and interlanguage construction of Japanese vocabulary in a complex manner.


Access control systems are deployed in organizations to protect critical cyber-physical assets. These systems need to be adjustable to cope with different contextual factors like changes in resources or requirements. Still, adaptation is often performed manually. In addition, different product variants of access control systems need to developed together systematically. These characteristics demand a product line engineering approach for enhanced reuse. Moreover, to cope with uncertainty at runtime, adaptivity, i.e., switching between variations in a cyber-physical domain (reconfiguration) and adjusting access policies (behavior adaptation), needs to be supported.
 In this position paper, we sketch an approach for engineering dynamic access control systems based on core concepts from dynamic software product lines and executable runtime models. The proposed solution is presented and first experiences are discussed along a sample dynamic software product line in the role-based access control domain.


The invention discloses a preparation method of 2-[4-[2-hydroxyl-3-dodecyl oxypropyl]oxyl-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine which is shown in a formula (I) (please see the formula in the description). The method comprises the following steps that a reaction is performed by taking 4-[4,6-di(2,4-xylyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl]-1,3-benzenediol (benzenediol for short) and dodecyl glycidyl ether as raw materials and taking lewis base as a catalyst in water or organic solvent at the temperature of 70 DEG C-120 DEG C, wherein one of or mixed solvent of multiple of methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), butanone and the like is adopted as the solvent. The reaction process comprises the two steps that 1, a certain amount of benzenediol is weighed to be dissolved in the preferable solvent and then reacts with the same mole of lewis base to generate an intermediate (II); 2, excessive dodecyl glycidyl ether is dissolved in the corresponding solvent after the reaction is performed for a period of time, the mixture is slowly and dropwise added into the solution, reflux reacting is continuously performed for a certain time, reduced pressure distillation is performed after water washing, and then the target product (I) can be obtained.


We consider the use of strained quantum cascade (QC) laser designs in the 7.3- to 7.8-µm wavelength region to improve the cw operating characteristics of these lasers at room temperature. We compare the performance of a QC laser with a strain-balanced active region with that of two similarly designed QC lasers with lattice-matched active-region layers, and we show that the strain-balanced design significantly outperforms the unstrained-layer designs in terms of threshold-current density, power slope efficiency, and cw output power at room temperature. A epi-side-down-mounted, double-channel ridge-geometry laser that was fabricated from the strained design with a ridge width of 13 µm and a cavity length of 3 mm produced cw output power in excess of 500 mW at room temperature. The characteristic temperature T0 for the strained-layer design as determined from pulsed measurements between 25 and 80°C is 221.5 K, compared with a value of 194.0 K for one of the unstrained designs.


A series of mannich bases of 2,5-disubstituted indoles have been synthesized by reaction of 2,5-disubstituted indoles with secondary amine and formaldehyde in acetic acid. The title 2-substituted indole were synthesized using a Fischer-indole synthesis gave substituted acetophenone phenylhydrazone and Cyclization of the hydrazone by polyphosphoric acid at 120°C afforded the 2-substituted indole. Nitration of 2-substituted indole was carried out in presence of equal amount of concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid. Most of the test compounds showed appreciable inhibition of the oedema size in comparison with diclofenac sodium. The compound MB11 had shown pronounced activity after 4th hour interval, almost equipotent with the standard drug diclofenac sodium. The compound MB4, MB5, MB10, MB15 and MB16 showed excellent protection against inflammation with 68%, 70%, 76%, 74% and 72% inhibition, respectively. The structures were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR.


Overall, the manuscript could be very helpful in providing a guideline for a calibrating model where almost no in-situ data is available. The authors discussed the in-depth methodology of their proposed calibration, providing a detailed analysis of the impact of parameter tuning on the performance metrics of the model. The authors also provided an analysis of the co-dependence of the hydrological and hydraulic model parameterizations and techniques to break the co-dependency. The central argument presented in the manuscript is using satellite data to infer river discharge against which the model-derived river discharge will be compared and the model recalibrated to achieve the desired accuracy. Sattelite data itself can cause a wide range of uncertainty in the calculation of river cross-section, water surface slope, and so on, especially in the Upper Mekong river basin, which is so complex in topography. The satellite data (used as a proxy of observation for calibration purposes) is prone to uncertainty that eventually impact the parameter tuning. So there's a need to strengthen the discussion by providing a detailed discussion on the uncertainty in the river discharge estimation from satellite data, without which the calibration framework could be questionable. My recommendation is for a major revision with the specific comments and concerns listed below:


In rendering obstetric-gynecologies help leading role play the feminine consultations. On specially designed to questionnaire, comprising of itself questions and, concerning passport data, cause of the address, complaints, the general and special anamnesis, is organized collection of the questionnaires 342 womans, applied to feminine consultation on acceptance to obstetrician-gynecologist. The Called on study shows the high authority feminine consultation amongst feminine population. Turns on itself attention low level general somatic and gynecologies of health of the womans. Remains the high percent of the interruption of pregnancy, and else very low level to contraceptions of the culture of the womans. Necessary to continue the improvement of the work dispensary part obstetric-gynecologies of the service as bases of the rendering help woman, particularly her(its) preventive direction.


Final year projects are often the final required step towards an engineering degree. Officially, they are only considered as one more subject that has to be passed. However, they play a key role in the training of students both before joining an engineering position in a company or continuing with their academic career. This remarkable importance is due to the fact that students must show the skills acquired during their education in a concrete task, representing a great challenge to be overcome before leaving university. The success of students in this task highly depends on its supervision, which has to be helpful and encouraging for them. This paper is intended to be a collection of tips and suggestions to help, both students and supervisors of electrical and information engineering, with the development of the final year project.


Coloring fibers, especially human hair coloring intense blue, containing 1,3-bis (dicyanomethylene) indane and / or their derivatives or salts. Coloring fibers containing 1,3-bis (dicyanomethylene) indane / s (I) or its soluble salts in physiologically compatible water. Coloring fibers containing 1,3-bis (dicyanomethylene) indane / s of formula (I) or physiologically compatible soluble salts; R1 = H, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-6 alkyl, nitro, amino, mono- or dialkylamino, -C (O) H, -COOR 3, SO2R3 or -C (O) CH3; R2, R3 = H, phenyl or C1-6 alkyl.


The direct quantitative determination of the radicals formed by the radiolysis of water is described, using stable free radical p,p' -disulpho- alpha , alpha -diphenyl- BETA picrylhydrazyl(SDPPH) as a scavenger. The velocity of disappearance of SDPPH was examined depending on the dose rate, initial concentration, and other factors. The G-value was found to be 9.88 mol/100 ev in the case of critical concentration of SDPPH from which G(/sub -H/sub 2/O/) was calculated 5 mol/100 ev. The kinetics of the radiolysis is described, too. (auth)


Abstract Let X be an arbitrary category with an (E, M)-factorization structure for sinks. A notion of constant morphism that depends on a chosen class of monomorphisms was previously used to provide a generalization of the connectedness-disconnectedness Galois connection (also called torsion-torsion free in algebraic contexts). This Galois connection was shown to factor through the class of all closure operators on X with respect to M. Here, properties and implications of this factorization are investigated. In particular, it is shown that this factorization can be further factored. Examples are provided.


Homogeneous texts are being replaced by heterogeneous texts that are called audio-visual ones; texts and teletexts belong to the most formed of them. On the ground of cinema and television the texts with the unique structure that combines verbal and non-verbal sense carriers apoeared. The aim of this work is to describe peculiarities of meaning articulation in the dynamic scope of such screen texts. To reach the aim the task to show how the basic elements of the screen "language" materialize in verbal and non-verbal units of the screen "speech" of polycode-multimodal text and how it constructs the general meaning of audio-visual narration is set. Also contamination of levels of meaning is being studied in this work and how it influences the trope. The research is being held on the case of the film text "Faust" by A. Sokurov. The analysis is being done on the space-time continuum, i.e. with the consideration of the movement in the film text. Units of the screen "speech" are being extracted from the chosen segments and analysed as the main sources of the meaning of audio-visual message as a whole; also the peculiarities of the meaning articulation on the denotational and connotational levels in space-time scope of polycode-multimodal text are being described. Apart from that, the process of semiotic interpolation of verbal and non-verbal units that leads to the generating of the transitional meaning and of the trope on the grounds of displacement and adjacency of the meanings is being studied. The author comes to the conclusion that integrity of verbal and non-verbal units in the space-time scope of the polycode-multimodal text, that results in trope generation, also leads to the semiotic situation of simulacrativity, whose main goal is to make the spectator believe that what is happening on the screen is real. This article is aimed at students, post-graduates, professors, linguists and others interested in general and linguistic semiotics.


INTRODUCTION. During the course of apoptosis, several changes occur at cellular and molecular level, among which the superstructural modifications of DNA cleavage and chromatin were studied by DNA laddering assays, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and flow cytometric methods. The present study is focused on the programmed cell death of human skin fibroblast induced by benzimidazole, a widely used fungicide in the tanning industry. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Human skin fibroblasts were maintained at 37 0 C in a humidified incubator in DMEM supplemented with 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum. Cells were passaged at confluence by trypsinization, with all experiments performed on cells at low passage (≤4). Programmed cell death induced by different concentrations of benzimidazole on cultured skin fibroblast were analyzed by DNA laddering techniques (1), flow cytometry, and TEM analysis was carried out by standard procedures given by Goping et al. (2) and Willingham (3,4). Viability of cells cultured in the 96-well plates was assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity using the calorimetric MTT assay (4). RESULTS. The ultrastructural studies reveal that benzimidazole causes pyknosis and kryorrhexis (fragmentation) in the nucleus of skin fibroblast. Application of benzimidazole at 10 µg/ml DMEM medium induced shrinkage in fibroblasts and after 3 hours apoptotic body formation was identified. Microscopic analysis showed nuclear disintegration and chromatin granulation. More evidently the DNA laddering and flow cytometry confirm that higher concentration of benzimidazole induced quantitative variations and breaks in DNA and induce cytotoxicity in fibroblast population. At lower concentration of benzimidazole, vesiculation of endoplasmic reticulum is induced and these vesicles after fusion with plasma membrane gave a characteristic blebbed appearance as revealed by light and electron microscopic studies. DISCUSSION. A common hallmark of apoptosis is DNA fragmentation, which was analyzed by DNA laddering techniques. Morphological characteristics and chromatin cleavage in skin fibroblasts was established by cytochemical and electrophoretic methods and the results showed that benzimidazole has the potential to cleave the DNA and act as a potent toxicant. Thus, fibroblast is not killed by benzimidazole, but is induced to commit suicide or apoptosis at lower concentration. At higher concentration of benzimidazole, the fibroblasts lose the spindle shape and take up a round shape and get detached from the substratum. During this process nuclear and cellular fragmentation were observed. The ultrastructural alteration was


Your last gift stands tall, untouched
in my cupboard, a bottle of Williamine,
pear brandy from your native Alps.
Late summer you brought it,

we drove the Berkshire hills through scents
of pine and pear, watched white flowers
drop as afternoon waned,
grasped hands again.

I remembered your subtle hands
and eyes that spoke louder,
guiding my unlearned fingers
on a biopsy needle.

That last summer hummed with fiddles
and horns, scherzo of katydids,
muted moth-wings, crickets' tambourin;
and the green earth spun.

We reclaimed our separate cities.
With fall came the news: your hands
stilled; your breath, a frayed string,
droned to full rest.

The music in my head groans;
my hand shakes as my shadow strikes
the bottle crouching in dust,
"eau-de-vie," water of life.

Some day when the red scar
from the cutting-off has shrunk
to one white point, I'll slip the cap,
take my first taste,

and in the fragrance of a summer
long past, recall how you taught me,
Reach deep below the surface;
once you've touched, never pull back.


In industrial practice, certain processes are unstable, such as different types of reactors, distillation columns, and combustion systems. To ensure greater maneuverability and improve the speed of response command, certain systems in the military and aviation fields are purposely configured to be unstable. These systems are often more difficult to control than stable systems and are of particular interest to designers and control engineers. Despite all advances in process control over the past six decades, the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is still the most common. The main reasons are the simplicity, robustness, and successful applications provided by PID-based control structures. The design of proportional–integral (PI) controller for time-delay (TD) systems is a traditional and classical problem. On one hand, PI controllers are used in more than 95% of industrial processes. On the other hand, there are TD phenomena in almost all practical control systems. In this paper, we study the robustness of a PI controller in stabilizing systems containing uncertain parameters and delays. A robust controller for an unknown unstable second-order with margin TD is constructed using a generalized Kharitonov theorem for quasi-polynomials. A constructive method based on the Hermite–Biehler theorem is used to obtain all PI gains, which stabilize an uncertain and unstable second-order delay system. Genetic algorithms (GAs) and optimization methods are used to obtain optimal system and control parameters for providing the best PI control that makes the system robust and stable under uncertainty. By minimizing performance criteria such as the integral of square error, integral of absolute error, time-weighted integral of absolute error, and integral of time weighted square error, GAs and particle swarm optimization are used to optimize the PI parameters and system parameters that provide the best control under uncertainties.


This article develops a methodology for selecting, scaling, and orienting three orthogonal components of ground motion (GM) when conducting intensity-based assessments of structures. Target spectra for selecting multicomponent GMs are critically examined and strategies for selecting hazard-consistent GMs are investigated. The Conditional Mean Spectrum–Uniform Hazard Spectrum (CMS-UHS) Composite Spectrum is proposed as an alternative to several Conditional Mean Spectra for selecting multicomponent GMs when conducting intensity-based assessments of complex three-dimensional (3D) structures. To ensure hazard consistency, multicomponent GMs should be selected using (a) the target spectrum for the vertical component of GM, (b) a wide range of vibration periods, and (c) scale factors that are constrained. With constrained scale factors, all three components of a GM can be reasonably scaled either by the same scale factor or by different scale factors.


Surrounding the problems on TV news report,the paper carries out the research from three aspects: the choice of the theme and relevance to the topic about making in-depth report;the reporter′s attitude towards work and his professional competence;the techniques of expression on in-depth report so as to make good TV news report and promote the connotations.


Introduction: Stevia rebaudiana is a plant native of South America, from which stevia is extracted, a natural non caloric sweetener with a higher sweetening potential than sucrose, with no adverse effects and has been shown to have many benefits for systemic health and, more recently, for oral health. The objective of the present literature review is to present the benefits of Stevia as an important option for replacing the use of sucrose and artificial sweeteners, especially regarding its relationship with oral health. Discussion: Stevia studies contribute with important information about the anticariogenic potential and antimicrobial role, arising from its ability to reduce bacterial load, biofilm formation, avoiding high pH decreases and acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. Stevia can become a complement to oral health care in the form of mouthwash, toothpaste, chewing gum, artificial saliva, chewable tablets, and its beneficial effect on overall health, especially in patients with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Conclusion: In this way, Stevia presents advantages when compared to other artificial sweeteners, besides being an excellent option to substitute sucrose.


Background and Purpose: Polio survivors complain of new health problems, such as fatigue, weakness, muscle pain or joint pain after several years of acute poliomyelitis, known as post- polio syndrome (PPS). Rehabilitation programs are commonly recommended to alleviate their symptoms but the effects of these interventions have not been clearly identified. Therefore, the meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of exercise training, lifestyle modification, assistive technology, and modalities on fitness and post-polio syndromes in polio survivors. Methods: The search was conducted with the online electronic databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and CEPS. The primary outcome measures included muscle strength, cardiopulmonary capacity, fatigue, and pain. The pre- and post-treatment means and standard deviation were used to compute the effect size. Results: Strengthening exercises showed no significant improvement in muscle strength, but aerobic exercise training showed significant improvement in maximal oxygen consumption (VO(subscript 2max), peak workload (W(subscript peak)). maximal heart rate (HR(subscript max), and maximal minute ventilation (VE(subscript max). Furthermore, lifestyle modification, exercise and modality were effective on pain, not on fatigue. Conclusions: The results of the meta-analysis conclude that aerobic exercise training could improve cardiopulmonary capacity; lifestyle, modification, exercise and modality intervention could alleviate pain in polio survivors.


For the past seven years, I've worked on completing an illustrated novel based on my experiences as a child growing up in a sometimes violent and unpredictable home. At first, I planned only to use the details of my life as a way of grounding the story, but the more I wrote and drew, the more I remembered new events and sensations of my childhood. This paper explores the process of writing and drawing as a way of revisiting, reexamining, and making new meanings of childhood experiences. Through fiction writing, I rearrange and reinterpret the past, constructing knowledge through causality and reasoning. Through drawing, I externalize and render visible sensations of childhood that had been previously inaccessible. Ultimately, I consider the ways writing and drawing function as a form of active remembering that reconstructs and reclaims the past.


The invention provides water-based paint containing cooked shell powder and ash calcium powder. The water-based paint containing the cooked shell powder and ash calcium powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of cooked shell powder, 10-30 parts of ash calcium powder, 30-35 parts of silicon oxide sol, 10-15 parts of nanometer aluminium oxide, 8-13 parts of rutile type titanium dioxide, 5-10 parts of nanosilicon dioxide, 1-4 parts of iron oxide black, 5-10 parts of isopropyl alcohol, 20-25 parts of deionized water, 1-3 parts of thickening agent, 0.5-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 10-15 parts of a coupling agent. The water-based paint containing the cooked shell powder and ash calcium powder has the advantages that the cooked shell powder and ash calcium powder are utilized for preparing the water-based paint, so that cost is greatly reduced; meanwhile, the water-based paint provided by the invention has strong adhesive power and low toxicity, density and smoothness of a coating are improved, and the problems that the existing water-based paint can be easily cracked and the like are solved.


The deformable wing structure can change its aerodynamic shape according to the change of flight mission and flight environment, so as to obtain better lift-drag, stability and control characteristics, which is considered as one of the future research directions of aviation technology. Considering the current technology maturity and reliability, a gradient corrugated fin is designed to realise the bending deformation of the wing. The structure of the skin is optimised to keep the skin smooth during deformation. In addition, a progressive push and pull rod is proposed to drive the wing deformation, and the fluid-structure interaction simulation is carried out for the wing deformation. At the same time, the changes of wing aerodynamic characteristics under different angles of leading and trailing edges and different push rod action schemes are analysed. Finally, a dry wind tunnel simulation test of the designed progressive flexible variable bending wing is carried out. The results of fluid-structure interaction simulation and dry wind tunnel test show that the progressive flexible variable bending wing proposed in this paper has a simple and reliable structure and remarkable deformation effect. It has advantages in increasing lift and reducing drag, ensuring high lift-drag ratio and providing wing trim moment. The deformable wing dry wind tunnel test platform designed by this method is structurally reliable, easy to operate, and can accurately reflect the influence of wing deformation on its aerodynamic force, which provides a verification means for the development of the design method and the design of practical aircraft in the future.