: Public universities are an important component in the economies of their countries since they produce the necessary human resource required to run the economies. They also lead in research which allows for a broader educational experience for students to explore and apply new thoughts through study and testing. However, statistics indicate that most public universities in Kenya offer poor services, an indication that the employees in these universities are not satisfied by their jobs. This study sought to analyze the influence of work environment and employee job satisfaction among non-teaching staff in public universities with a specific objective to investigate the influence of employee relationships and employee job satisfaction among non-teaching staff in selected public universities in Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive research design, which describes the state of affairs as it exists in the present. The target population in this study was the 547 employees of Kisii University, the 472 employees of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology and the 412 employees of Rongo University. The questionnaires were used for the collection of data from the respondents. The first objective of the study was to establish the influence of physical workplace environment and employee job satisfaction. Results revealed that the association between employee relationship and employee job satisfaction is positive and significant (r = 0.585; p = 0.00). This implied that for every unit increase in employee job satisfaction, there is a positive increase of 0.585 in employee satisfaction.


This longitudinal study explored the degree in which level and development of writing proficiency of a group of 63 low-achieving adolescents can be explained by their engagement in literacy activities. These adolescents were intensively followed from grades 7 to 9, measuring their writing proficiency and their engagement each year focusing on affective, cognitive and behavioral aspects of engagement. Results indicate that level of writing proficiency increases from year to year, but that this development cannot be predicted by any of the engagement measures. In contrast, the level of writing proficiency of the students can be explained by aspects of affective and behavioral engagement. Therefore, the results underline the importance of distinguishing between the level and development of writing proficiency in examining relationships between engagement and writing achievement of low-achieving adolescents. Although average level of students' writing proficiency is explained by affective and behavioral engagement, these aspects of engagement do not explain growth in writing proficiency in the course of the three grades studied. Implications of these findings for future research and for educational practice are discussed.


The morpheme -a in Balinese is ambiguous between the third person enclitic pronoun and a passive voice marker. Different views exist as to whether the morpheme can be the pronoun in the presence of a teken  agentive phrase. This paper argues that it can and that the construction in which the pronoun -a and a teken  phrase co-occur (the hybrid type) is an instance of clitic doubling. A hypothesis is proposed about how the third person pronoun changed into a passive marker and how different passive subtypes came into existence. It is claimed that the hybrid type played a key role in the change. The hybrid type supports the analysis of passives in general as a clitic doubling construction (Baker, Johnson and Roberts 1989). A clitic doubling analysis of passives enables a new typology of passives whereby passives are classified according to how the clitic and its double in a passive clause are expressed.


A method has been developed to calculate the overall mass transfer coefficient in an agitated liquid extraction column containing a wide range of drop sizes. The method applied the drop size distribution diagram to estimate the volume percentage of stagnant, circulating, and oscillating drops in the drop population. Individual mass transfer coefficients were then evaluated for the corresponding drop state, using the different single-drop mass transfer models, after which the overall coefficient Kcal was calculated as the fractional sum of the individual coefficients and their proportion in the drop population. These estimated mass transfer coefficients have been compared with results obtained from a large rotating disc extractor 0.45 m in diameter and 6.75 m high, extracting acetone between water and Clairsol (a parafinic hydrocarbon, principally decane). Good agreement was obtained in the majority of the experiments when the Rose-Kintner correlation was applied to evaluate the dispersed phase mass transfer coefficient of the oscillating drops. In all experiments agreement between the calculated and experimental overall mass transfer coefficients was improved by evaluating the concentration driving force by applying Simpson's rule, thereby introducing corrections for the variation in flowrate along the column and for possible backmixing.


A fuzzy multiple comprehensive method of system safety is used to estimate the blasting networks system safety of uranium stope leaching and form fuzzy assessment mathematic model of blasting networks.It turns qualitative analysis into quantitative analysis and offers the theory and decision-making gist for making a high efficient and convenient preventive measures for blasting accident.


We study properties of the compact $~4D~$ $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory with monopoles {\it removed}. Employing Monte Carlo simulations we calculate correlators of scalar, vector and tensor operators at zero and nonzero momenta $~\vec{p}~$. We confirm that the theory without monopoles has no phase transition, at least, in the interval $~0 < \beta \leq 2~$. There the photon becomes massless and fits the lattice free field theory dispersion relation very well. The energies of the $~0^{++}~$, $~1^{+-}~$ and $~2^{++}~$ states show a rather weak dependence on the coupling in the interval of $~\beta~$ investigated, and their ratios are practically constant. We show also a further modification of the theory suppressing the negative plaquettes to improve drastically the overlap with the lowest states (at least, for $~J=1$).


The objectives of this study is to produce biodiesel from Jatropha oil using microwave radiation in presence of alkali catalyst and designing suitable batch reactor for lab scale production. Cost effectiveness of the project is also being studied. This paper outlines studies done to find the optimal method for converting Jatropha oil to useable biodiesel using microwave irradiation. The amount of acid catalyst is 0.4w % and ratio of methanol to oil is 6:1 w/w for the optimal trans-esterification.


Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) is a wireless broadband technology, which supports point to multi-point (PMP) broadband wireless access. WiMAX is basically a new shorthand term for IEEE Standard 802.16. This standard determines the air interface, including the medium access control layer and physical layer (PHY), of consolidated fixed and mobile point to-multipoint broadband wireless access frameworks offering numerous services. WiMAX PHY incorporates orthogonal frequency division multiplexing/orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM/OFDMA) as the modulation technique in uplink as well as downlink. Hence, this study addresses OFDMA basics, OFDMA frame structure, OFDMA symbol, OFDMA PHY as per IEEE 802.16e-2009 standard. It also explains OFDMA time-division duplexing frame which consists of partial usage of subchannels and adaptive modulation and coding zones in the downlink from base station to two mobile stations (MS). The author analysed the system performance by reconfiguring different channels such as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), flat fading channel and multipath fading or frequency-selective channels. The impact of each channel on received signals (MS 1 and MS 2) is shown in figures and the corresponding values are noted in a table.


centred regional integration and stability. This slim volume, at a fat price, may deter some potential readers. Nevertheless, the book is well written, and the individual papers knit together to form a coherent and readable whole. The insights contained within it are useful for those who wish to consider the complexities of the Balkans. The work is a timely reminder that the problems in Europe's backyard are by no means over and that there is much work still to be done. The international community, particularly the EU, have not been particularly successful in handling the post-conflict era, and the region remains an unstable and disparate area, which may well prove to be the seat of future unrest. This book, written by specialists who know and care for the Balkans, is a reminder of the difficulties that still prevail.


Discourses on health care are increasingly dominated by a managerial language, which emphasizes the organizational realms associated with the "health system". The impacts of neoliberal globalization are thus felt in different ways: in the retraction of public policies, in the expansion of the homo economicus ideal to all social and political spheres, in obscuring subjectivities, interactions and forms of resistance. Thus, it becomes pertinent to find problematizing approaches that reveal the complex nature of stakeholders and flows that sustain health care. The paper by Breno Fontes underscores the relevance of the "network paradigm" to respond to this challenge. I would add the contribution of another approach that of "care paradigm." The "care paradigm" option implies recognizing that care is cross-cutting in the life and routine of all people, and not only the sick. Several challenges arise when we make this choice: recognizing our vulnerability throughout the life cycle; recognizing that the cared also take care; paying attention to life details; setting up a different language that transcends the traditional biomedicine and welfare models, which compartmentalize the needs and objectify the subjects. The conjugation of this approach with a reticular perspective evidences several heuristic potentialities: it allows us to look simultaneously at the form and content of social relationships; it allows us to place the subject at center-stage, adopting integrality as a guiding principle; it allows us to question concepts such as "governance", revealing the complex articulations between stakeholders, between public and private, and between State, market and civil society.


Thirty-five subjects from two independent studies were awakened at EEG-defined periods during the night with 1000 Hz ascending tone series. Awakenings were made five to eight times per night during stage 2, stage 4, or REM sleep over a series of nights in good and poor sleepers. Reliability was assessed within stage, within night, between stages, and between nights. Good and poor sleepers did not differ in either depth of sleep or reliability of arousal threshold and were thus pooled in the analyses. From night to night, the most consistency was seen in stage 4 (r=.74), although REM reliability (r1= .49) and stage 2 reliability (r1= .50 and r1= .69 in the two respective studies) estimates were also greater than zero. Early sleep onset and morning arousals were more variable. Reliability estimates on arousal thresholds taken within the same night for stage 2 were r= .64 and r1= .77 for the two studies and r= .96 for REM. The depth of sleep was not correlated with awake auditory threshold. It was concluded that five or six carefully placed arousals could give a good estimate of an individual's usual arousal threshold.


The article presents the characteristics of serotonergic drugs (mode of action, classifi cation, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, drug interactions with medicinal products of other pharmacological groups). The domestic pharmaceutical market of serotonergic drug products (DP) and substances for their production registered in the Russian Federation (RF) was analyzed. It was established that the pharmaceutical market of serotonergic agents in the RF is quite diverse. Various pharmacological groups of drugs (anxiolytic, antiemetic, vasodilatory and peripheral circulation improving, evacuant, hemostatic and anti-migraine agents) are presented in various dosage forms (tablets — 5.71%; fi lm-coated tablets — 41.43%; injectable solution for intravenous and intramuscular use — 34.28%; concentrate for preparation of solution for injections — 8.57%; solutions for intravenous administration and rectal suppositories — by 2.86%; syrup, freeze-dried tablets and capsules — by 1.43%). The leading role in the Russian pharmaceutical market belongs to domestic manufacturers of serotonergic DP (59.70%), which are mainly presented by generic drugs. Foreign manufacturers own 40.30% of the market for serotonergic DP, with the leading positions held by manufacturers of India (8.96%), Switzerland (5.97%), Israel (4.48%). The analysis of the range of pharmaceutical substances for the production of serotonergic DP showed that the Russian pharmaceutical market is dominated by foreign manufacturers (52.38%). The proportion of domestic providers accounts for 47.62% of the manufacturers of substances registered in the Russian Federation.


Mudstone is not generally considered as an aquifer. However, many people in sub-Saharan Africa have to rely on meagre water resources within mudstones for their only
water-supply. This thesis provides the first rigorous study of the factors controlling groundwater resources in mudstone environments and the methods required for finding
and developing groundwater. The research was undertaken in the Cretaceous mudstones of southeastern Nigeria. The area was investigated using geophysical techniques, exploratory drilling, mineralogical analysis, test pumping and
hydrochemical sampling. The investigations demonstrate that sufficient groundwater for village water supplies can exist within the top 50 m of mudstones. The occurrence of groundwater is controlled by two factors:
1. Low-grade metamorphism. Mudstone that is unaltered (early diagenetic zone) comprises mainly smectite clay and groundwater is rare. Mudstone in the late diagenetic zone comprises mixed illite/smectite clay and groundwater is found in widely spaced fracture zones. Mudstone that has been further altered and approaches the anchizone comprises mainly illite, fractures are widespread and groundwater ubiquitous.
2. The presence of other lithologies. Dolerite intrusions within smectite rich mudstone are fractured and contain groundwater. Thin limestone and sandstone layers can also enhance permeability.

The study demonstrates a relation between ground conductivity and the degree of metamorphism of the mudstone, despite the presence of a thick tropical soil. The
relation is primarily controlled by the amount of smectite within the clay. In addition, field data and novel computer modelling has demonstrated that fault zones within
consolidated mudstones produce characteristic electromagnetic anomalies. A new simple, effective pumping test, the "bailer test", was developed during the research to give an indication of borehole success. The test can be completed in under an hour and requires little specialised equipment or analysis.

In summary, sufficient groundwater for rural water supply can be found in mudstone environments with the careful application of unsophisticated technology.


Thirty-six samples of "ready to eat" pineapple samples collected in the morning and evening from six different markets in Port Harcourt were  analyzed to determine their bacteriological quality. All the pineapple slices examined were contaminated with some bacterial species. The average microbial load of the sample on Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar for the morning and evening samples were 6.6672×106cfu/g, 2.5833×104cfu/g and 8.0000×103cfu/g respectively while those of the evening samples were 1.2494×107cfu/g, 3.9688×104cfu/g and 8.8888×103cfu/g respectively. The total heterotrophic bacterial count on the different samples bought at different times (morning and evening) were significantly different at probability P 0.05. The predominant genera of bacteria observed were Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Providencia, Proteus, Serratia, Salmonella and Citrobacter with Escherichia having the highest frequency of occurrence (23.61%). These findings suggest that most "ready to eat" pineapples hawked in the local  markets may be implicated in Public Health issues as bacterial agents responsible for food poisoning were isolated from them. The need for improvement and maintenance of good hygiene practices by food handlers and vendors in these markets and trading outlets is recommended.
Keywords: Pineapple, Bacteria, Fruit, Rivers state, Ready-to-eat


According to the problems of the food safety in recent years,the principle of the near infrared spec troscopy(NIRS) analysis technology,the classification,comparison,research and application of the NIRS instru ments in food quality detection are introduced.Meanwhile,a new food safety network test and analysis system is proposed,this system is composed of near infrared spectroscopy instruments based on the acousto-optic tunable fil ter(AOTF),and compositions,principles and technical features of the spectroscopy instruments are also introduced.In addition,its application prospects in the field of food safety are also showed.Some suggestions on the future de velopment of the near infrared spectroscopy are given.


Introduction: Tularemia is an important zoonosis in Kosovo. The first cases of tularemia in Kosovo were reported in 1999 among civil population in the west part of Kosovo. Tularemia has become an important problem in Kosova after 1999. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and distribution of Tularemia in Kosovo in the period from 2006 to 2011, propose measures and activities for prevention and control of the disease. Material and method: In this descriptive, retrospective study, we used official reports on infectious diseases from National Institute of Public Health of Kosova (NIPHK), as well as epidemiological surveys. The data collected were analyzed and the corresponding statistical parameters were tested with SPSS for the level of significance for P<0.01 and P<0.05. Results and Discussion: The morbidity rate over the study period ranged from 0.38 (2011) to 11.26 (2010) per 100000 inhabitants. We found statistical significance between years for the level of P<0.00001. (X2-test=387.5; DF=5; P<0.0001). The majority of tularemia cases occurred in female (59%) with statistical significance for P<0.001 (X2-test=16.07; DF=1; P<0.001) The peak of cases in age group 20-40 years, with 242 cases or 48%, with statistical significance for the level of P<0.0001 (X2-test=253.14; DF=3; P<0.001) The main route of human infection is consumption of no safety water from wells (50%). The majority of tularemia cases occurred in female in Kosovo with 59% of observed cases while in a study in Central Anatolia region 54.7% were female. Conclusion: Kosova is an endemic zone of this disease since 1954 where the first cases were registered. Tularemia is a zoonosis, so in order to avoid human infections it is very important to implement measures well as perform public health education activities.


The main goal of this paper is to study the spectrum and resonances of several classes of Schrodinger operators. Two important examples occurring in mathematical physics are discussed: harmonic oscillator and Hamiltonian of hydrogen atom.
Keywords: Schrodinger operator, Spectrum, Periodic potential, Resonances.


growing consciousness of Filipinx in diaspora to stand with Indigenous peoples in the Philippines in their political struggle for dignity and land rights. These poems provide necessary guidance to the younger generation of Filipinx who may be tempted to appropriate Igorot tattoos and Lumad dance traditions as markers of being "authentically Filipino," or "authentically Indigenous" even when their genealogy stems from other ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines. PInay also offers an impressive diversity of Philippine values and concepts as expressed through multiple languages. While Filipino/Tagalog is dominant, Ilokanos, Visayans, and Ilongos make contributions as well. Inda Manuel Gage recounts sweet childhood memories of challenging the Filipinx mandate to be mahinhin (Ilongo for "demure and ladylike") (174). In "Dayaw" (Ilokano for "respect"), Josephine Pablo writes memorably of an educator's struggle to teach this core value to both students and teachers in culturally appropriate ways. Divina Telan Robillard captivates with the story of her husband's ability to defy the odds and live for thirty-one years with Lou Gehrig's disease, thanks in part to the syncretism of Indigenous healing practice with Christian ritual to heal nawawan y-c cararrua (Tagalog for "soul loss") (86). If the book goes into a second printing, the editors might consider a glossary to make the long list of cultural concepts all the easier to access. PInay: Culture Bearers of the Filipino Diaspora offers much to readers both inside and outside academia, as well as those within and beyond Filipinx communities. Given the vast diaspora of Filipinas throughout the Pacific, North America, Europe, and the Middle East, the editors should be commended for this contribution, which ventures into another kind of fraught territory: the task of defining one's culture, a meaningful but always complicated task.


On the 20th June 2008, "#pdfdebate", the first presidential campaign debate to be held on Twitter, was launched. For five days, a representative of each of the two major candidates to the US presidential election used their Twitter account to engage in a debate on technology and government, moderated by a famous political blogger. This initiative of Personal Democracy Media, a private foundation dedicated to the study of new technologies in politics, has had no real posterity to this day and was generally considered as a failure. Commentators, both in the press and on Twitter, mostly blamed this failure on the fact that Twitter and its interface are not really suitable for an extended conversation such as a debate. The moderator herself says after a few tweets that "multithread format is making [her] head hurt". However, it was deliberately conceived as a "freewheeling" experiment, meant to try and see what debating on Twitter would be like. This tentative political debate may then prove to be a good starting point to see what a political debate on Twitter can be like. With discourse analysis and computer-mediated discourse analysis (such as initiated by American linguist Susan Herring) as a frame, it also enables to take a closer look at rhetoric (in its original meaning of "art of public speaking") on Twitter. Looking at how language is used by the debaters and technics of argumentation used within the notoriously limiting format of the tweet (140 characters), the question is ultimately whether there is such a thing as "Twitter rhetoric". Since this debate is now seven years old and Twitter has changed quite a bit, the study will also include more recent features added over the years.


Summary.

Five cultivars of Hibiscus esculentus L. and six cultivars of Vigna sinensis (L.) Endl. were tested for their relative resistance to Pseudocercospora spp. Differences in susceptibility to the leaf spot pathogen were observed in both host and non-host interactions. The H. esculentus cv. South Sea and V. sinensis cv. Purple Mart were most susceptible to Pseudocercospora abelmoschi and P. cruenta, respectively. The H. esculentus cv. Pure Luck was most tolerant to P. abelmoschi while the V. sinensis cv. KY Bush was highly resistant to P. cruenta. A distinct host-specific interaction was observed among the different species of Pseudocercospora. Cultivar specific interactions were most pronounced between V. sinensis and P. cruenta. A direct correlation was observed between the variation in peroxidase activity in the soluble fraction of inoculated leaves and resistance to infection in H. esculentus and V. sinensis cultivars. The soluble fraction of inoculated leaves had higher peroxidase activity than either mitochondrial or chloroplast extracts.


disintegration and regionalism of the hundred years before 1949, this cultural unity was not destroyed and there was also a steady growth of nationalism which bore fruit in the war of resistance against Japan. Another unreal feature of Mr. Liu's model is that it assumes that the Chinese leaders are able to manipulate the media at will. There is no attempt to look at the difficulties involved in the translation of policy into action or at the way various economic and social pressures contributed to changes in policy. For example, the period 1953-57 was one of ordered development of industry, but it was also one of radical change in economic organization in the countryside. Mr. Liu's analysis gives no indication of the ways in which the identification needs of the former were related to the penetration needs of the latter. At a factual level, Mr. Liu makes a number of doubtful assertions and assumptions. For example, he argues that Mao initiated the Cultural Revolution from Shanghai because K'o Ch'ing-shih had built up a base for him in that city. However, the course of the movement in Shanghai suggests that Mao faced the same opponents there as elsewhere. One also wonders about his wisdom in relying on the New York Times as proof that Chiang Ch'ing, Yao Wen-yuan, and Chang Ch'un-ch'iao came into conflict with the military in 1969. Another problem is the extent to which Red Guard publications were significantly controlled from the centre. Mr. Liu assumes a high degree of control, but a perusal of the papers shows an obsession with local issues and events and a wide range of editorial disagreement. Mr. Liu's concluding comment that the main thrust of the growth of nationalism in China could easily lead to a policy of foreign aggression has, in the short run at least, been shown to be wrong by the events of the past two years. Hopefully, other studies of the Chinese media will avoid the dullness, simplification, and bias of this one.


1. On admission, the degree of malnutrition found in chronic schizophrenic patients is not significantly different from that found in the entire hospital population. 2. While the entire hospital population has little change in the extent of malnutrition following admission there is a significant increase in the extent of malnutrition in chronic schizophrenic patients after these patients had been hospitalized eight years. 3. The proportion of patients ten or more pounds underweight is approximately 50 per cent greater in the chronic schizophrenics studied than it is in the entire hospital population and the same proportion is found to be true in the number of those schizophrenics twenty or more pounds underweight. 4. It would appear that the more active patients have the lowest extent and degree of malnutrition and as the patients become less active the extent and degree of malnutrition becomes more marked. 5. There appears to be no significant correlation between the degree of malnutrition and the type o...


Conference ReportThe International Academic Association on Planning, Law and Property Rights (PLPR) returned to Europe for its 9th annual conference - following the 2014 conference in the Middle East (Haifa) and 2013 conference in North America (Portland, OR). Our gracious hosts were longstanding PLPR member Kostas Lalenis and his team from the Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece. The local organising committee did a wonderful job in welcoming us to Volos and organising keynote lectures and parallel sessions which encouraged a high level of academic discourse throughout the conference.PhD sessionPrior to the official start of the conference, a session was held for approximately 15 PhD students whose abstracts were accepted for presentation during the conference. Here the students had the opportunity to meet each other and discuss their research in an open environment. Short presentations by each student allowed them to practice before presenting in their parallel sessions and exposed the group to a range of topics that are relevant to the PLPR association. Two senior academics and long-time PLPR members attended the session as mentors - Founding President Rachelle Alterman (Technion, Haifa) and Vice-President Richard Norton (University of Michigan). The mentors gave the students some valuable tips on publishing their research and 'life after the PhD'.Papers in parallel sessionsThe PLPR conference abstract review process focuses not only on ensuring that academic standards are high, but that the papers presented are truly relevant to the intersection of fields represented by the Association. That is, the subject of each paper presented must cross over at least two of the three themes in the Association's name - Planning, Law and Property Rights. By adhering to that rule, the PLPR conference provides a unique setting for researchers to explore the fields of planning law, property rights law or planning and property rights.As we see from the conference book of abstracts,1 the topics explored by PLPR scholars are diverse. Several papers dealt directly with planning processes, reforms and legal developments affecting property rights. In addition, the relationship between planning, law and property rights and housing, environment, agriculture, tourism and recreation, cultural heritage and social issues were covered. Participants were given the opportunity to learn about these issues in the context of several countries across six continents - Europe, Asia (Far East, Middle East and South), North America, Australia, South America and Africa. The papers were grouped together thematically for presentation in parallel sessions, including three pre-organised special sessions: 'The time factor and planning instruments'; 'Maritime spatial planning/exclusive economic zones';2 and 'Contested lands'.Several papers (or groups of papers) sparked passionate discussion and debate amongst participants. One example was the paper titled 'Three options for dealing with corruption in the planning field' by Francesco Chiodelli (Gran Sasso Science Institute) and Stefano Moroni (Polytechnic of Milan). The presentation discussed the practice of corruption within the planning system and proposed three strategies for dealing with that corruption: greater transparency in land use planning, reduction of potential for financial gain and reduction in discretionary powers in land use decisions. Following the presentation of this paper, the participants discussed the definition of corruption and how that definition changes across cultures. For example, it was noted that some cultures may consider the participation of government officials in judicial review to be a form of corruption. In addition, participants reacted strongly when it was suggested that corruption is 'good' because it demonstrates that the government system is healthy.The presentations in the parallel session titled 'Housing and building regulations' also sparked interesting discussion. …


A Happy New Year to all readers of Qualitative Social Work. This is my first editorial for the journal since I became Associate Editor in 2016. I want to use it to write a piece about a subject I am passionate about, discussing the relevance and impact of the mobilities turn for social work research. I begin by briefly introducing the mobilities paradigm in order to demonstrate its emergence and to describe its epistemological and methodological orientation. I then move on to consider the relevance of the mobilities turn to social work research, developing a discussion based on the idea of the scenic intelligibility of experience. I discuss this in relation to a series of research projects, some of which explicitly position themselves in relation to the mobilities paradigm, and others that do not. I am hoping to prompt readers to think about how they might engage with what might be termed broadly 'the mobilities literature' and to make future submissions to the journal that are influenced by this body of work.


Some, but not all, patients with the lupus anticoagulant and anti-cardiolipin antibodies are prone to thrombosis, fetal loss and thrombocytopenia. It will be important to identify the particular sub-group of patients with anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies most subject to these clinical disorders. A preliminary study has shown that the level of IgG aCL antibody is predicitive for thrombosis, fetal loss, and thrombocytopenia but it will be difficult to substantiate (or refute) these findings unless there is a uniform system to measure aCL antibody levels. Five test sera with defined IgG and IgM aCL levels are currently available to laboratories wishing to standardise the aCL test. The concentrations of aCL in these sera cover the full sensitive range of aCL solid phase assays. Using these. 5 test sera to calibrate our assay system, sera from 3000 patients were analysed: 1400 healthy adults and 1600 consecutive patients with autoimmune disorders. All sera from healthy adults had aCL levels below 10GPL (IgG aCL) or below 10MPL (IgM aCL) units. Of the 1600 autoimmune patients, 115 had levels above 5 GPL and/ or 5MPL units. More than 2/3 of patients with IgG aCL levels above 20 GPL units (30 patients) had thrombosis or fetal loss, but the frequency of these disorders decreased in the 10-20 GPL and 5-10 GPL unit groups. Of the 9 patients with IgM aCL levels above 15 MPL units, 6 had thrombosis or fetal loss. The availability of reference sera to measure IgG and IgM aCL antibody levels may better enable multicenter studies to be performed. A relatively uniform system of measurement may also enable easier identification and management of patients with the anti-phospholipid syndrome.


These Guidelines describe the Competition Bureau's general approach to administering the two-stage merger review process under the Competition Act, which is applicable to proposed transactions that are the subject of a pre-merger notification filing.


in low-birth weight preschoolers. Dev Med Child Neurology 1996; 38: 927-40. 4. Sykcs DH, Hoy EA, Bill JM, McClure BG. Halliday HL. Behavioural adjustment in school of very low birth weight children. J Child Psychol Psychiat 1997; 38(3): 315-25. 5. Botting N, Powls A, Cooke RW. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and other psychiatric outcomes in very low birth weight children at 12 years. J. Child Psychol Pyschiat 1997; 38(8): 931-41. 6. Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Aruin AM. In: Nelson textbook of Pediatrics, 15th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company London, 1996; 78: 431-33. 7. Eield TM. Neonatal stress and coping in intensive care. Infant Mental Health J 1990; 11:57-65. 8. Duffy FH, Als H, McAnulty GB. Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence for gestational age effects in healthy preterm and full-term infants during the first year of life. Child Development 1990; 61: 1271-86.


In order to optimize the structure of the tooth shape labyrinth flow channel,the CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) software is used to simulate the internal flow field.The simulation and calculation result shows that the flow regime is turbulence and the zone with vortices flow,stagnant flow and low-velocity flow is biggish.The flow area of the main-flow is small and leans to right.Through the structure optimization of flow channel according to the streamline of the main-flow,the advantages including energy conservation,self-scour,low-flow regime,anti-clogging and long-life are gained.


Under five-child mortality is the highest in Ethiopia even though it decreased steadily in last two decades. Hence, this study aimed to identify the risk factors and effects of Health Extension Service on under-five child mortality in Derra district, Ethiopia. The study used a random sample of 446 mothers from the district and analyzed. One-fourth (23.5%) of mothers experienced at least one under-five child mortality in the last thirteen years and the propensity score analysis also indicated that utilizing and being model in HEP reduced under five child mortality by 29.84% and 15.71%, respectively. The Poisson regression model identified that Kebeles, being model in HEP, mother educational level, mother age at first birth, source of drinking water and Place of child delivery were significant risk factors of under-five child mortality per mother. Hence, the health sectors and district health offices have to work on a health extension program to increase the community awareness of basic preventive and promotive health service, and minimize risk factors of under-five child mortality.


【Objective】 The study was made to identify one Cryptosporidium isolate from a long-noded pit viper(Deinagkistrodon acutus) by molecular methods,thus to understand the distribution of Cryptopsoridium spp.in reptiles in China and to assess the public healthy significance.【Method】 A nested PCR method was used to amplify specific fragment of 18S rRNA gene in Cryptosporidium,PCR product was analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis(PCR-RFLP),and phylogenetic relationship was calculated.【Result】 The expected fragment of 18S rRNA gene was successfully amplified,and the PCR product was digested and the profile of fragments was in agreement with that of Cryptosporidium serpentis(C.serpentis) reported previously.A 840 bp fragment of 18S rRNA gene was obtained by sequencing,and the similarity was 99.8% between this isolate and the C.serpentis.Among these Cryptosporidium species/genotypes shown in the phylogenetic ralationship tree,the present isolate formed the same taxon with C.serpentis,with the bootstrap value being 100%.【Conclusion】 The Cryptosporidium isolate from a long-noded pit viper was identified as C.serpentis.Thus,the result showed that the host range of C.serpentis was wider.


In recent years, more precise pattern dimension control (CD control) on a photomask has been required than ever as finer-line of IC pattern progresses. In the case of the conventional development (spray-development, puddle-development), CD control is difficult due to loading and micro-loading effect. The "loading and micro-loading effect" refers to the differences of exposed area around the pattern. The low pattern density generates numerous dissolution products and decreases the concentration of developer. This phenomenon changes resist dissolution rate and causes difficulties in controlling the CD. To solve this problem, we have been developing a new type of developer, called "Proximity Gap Suction Development (PGSD)." Nozzle of PGSD has five slits; opening for supplying developer is in the center, two suction slits are on the both sides, and two slits for rinse are on the very end. The proximity gap is kept between the nozzle surface and resist during development. Contaminated developer is immediately sucked/removed and stable development can be achieved by the continuous dispense of fresh developer at high speed. Thus, a desired pattern size can be obtained without loading and micro loading effect. We reported the principle of PGSD at BACUS in 2002. In this thesis, we would like to report the following topics. (1) System overview of α machine, which we are currently developing. (2) Effect of the PGSD on CD uniformity and the number of defects.


The nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) was studied morphometrically in three Guamanians with parkinsonism–dementia (PD) and in two Guamanian and two non–Guamanian controls. Paraffin–embedded blocks of the nbM were serially sectioned (20 μm thick) at increments of 200 μm so that a total of 24 sections (eight each from the anterior, intermediate and posterior sectors of the nbM) were studied. The mean cell density was determined for each sector and the diameter of 50 neurons, randomly chosen in the region of apparent maximal density, was calculated. A decrease of the mean cell density, due to the loss of neurons with diameters larger than 20 μm, was found in the PD cases compared to the controls. Two PD patients exhibited striking neuronal loss (65–95%) with predominant involvement of the intermediate and posterior sectors, while the third case showed only minimal neuronal loss in these sectors (15–40%). In both Guamanian and non–Guamanian controls large neurons (diameters ≥ 20 μm) exceeded small neurons while the reverse was true in all sectors of the nbM for the PD cases. These data, while confirming a previous study reporting neuronal loss in the nbM of PD patients, underline the importance of detailed morphometric analysis of the different sectors of the nbM to recognize those patients in whom lesions are not uniformly distributed.


an article by Lee Clarke Multiculturalism is the idea that many different cultures can live together peacefully in one society or country. Many ...


Community structure of ground-dwelling beetles(Coleoptera) was investigated in land different in use in the wetland region of the Sanjiang Plain.Beetles were collected in poplar forest,pine forest,birch-xylosma forest,soybean field,ridge and ditch in soybean field during the period from June to September 2007,using pitfall traps.A total of 1 646 beetles were caught,and classified into 25 families.Dominant in the collection were Carabidae(52.9%),Staphylinidae(20.1%) and Elateridae(10.8%).Analysis of the collection was carried out for species abundance,diversity index and richness index of the beetles community in the six types of land.Results show that soybean field was the highest in number of beetles collected,while pine forest the lowest;birch-xylosma forest the highest in species abundance,while poplar forest the lowest;soybean field ridge the highest in diversity index while poplar forest the lowest,ridge the highest in Pielou index while ditch the lowest,suggesting that land use significantly affects Carabidae abundance and Shannon-Wiener index,but little does Pielou evenness index,while seasonal variation does not affect much number of the beetles,but does significantly affect both Shannon′s diversity and Pielou′s evenness.


Broad-and narrow-band Nd glass lasers have been used to irradiate CD_2, Al and Ta plasma targets at 0.3—2×10~(14) W/cm~2. Temporally resolved fast-ion signals have been diagnosed by the Faraday charge collector oriented at 39° to the laser axis. There are two peaks demonstrating the motion of C and D ions in fast-ion spectra for the CD_2 target. But for the Al target only one peak was observed and for Ta target the signal was very weak. High-translation energy of electrons and ions was obtained with the aid of laser field acceleration, then the translation energy was converted into thermal energy by electronelectron or electron-ion collisions and finally electrons and ions were heated to a high temperature. The rranslational energy and the temperature we calculated is consistent with the experimental. The depen dence of the electron and ion temperature on the laser frequency bandwidth is quantitatively described.


We describe a rare complication and treatment progression that occurred in a 64-year-old man with an aortic abdominal aneurysm ( AAA ) that had been treated by endovascular aneurysm repair ( EVAR ) . He had undergone EVAR to treat an infra-renal type AAA 21 months previously and returned to the emergency department with back pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography ( CT ) revealed acute type B aortic dissection, so he was admitted and conservative medical management was started. Acute stomachache and limb pain appeared on hospital day 7, which prevented him from moving his lower limbs. The main body of the stent graft had collapsed, blocking blood flow, and contrast was not found in arteries from the collapsed stent graft portion to the knee level on emergency contrast CT images of the leg. His legs were revascularized by an extra-anatomical right axial-bilateral external iliac bypass. His symptoms disappeared and reperfusion injury was avoided. The collapsed stent graft had retained its original shape at 11 and 18 days after surgery. Furthermore, follow-up CT 4.5 years later showed that the stent graft retained its original form. Jpn. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 48 : 206 - 209 ( 2019 )


The overall objective of the project is to build a system that detects human faces in a given color image and to compare performance of different chrominance models and chrominance spaces. For face detection, approach is to detect skin color and segment given image into skin and non-skin regions. In a skin segmented image, the region of skin whose height to width ratio falls under well-known Golden ratio = (1 +√5)) / 2  some tolerance, the probability of that region to be considered as face is very high. In this implementation, evaluation of this assumption has been performed. To be able to find out what skin looks like, system has to generate statistical model of skin color. A training set of 54 skin samples (37,020 pixels) and 28 background samples (23,229 pixels) used to generate such models. This paper discusses two types of statistical models - Single Gaussian Model and Gaussian Mixture Model. Performance of both these model has been compared and the best fit model for given dataset has been used. Training dataset was collected using University of Stirling's face database and several images from internet is used. Since dataset comes from different sources, it might result in some unknowns in dataset. One way to eliminate such unknowns is to separate color information from intensity or try to reduce effect of illumination by normalizing color information. To reduce effect of unknowns, this paper uses normalized-rgb (Red, Green, Blue) (illumination is normalized across three color, so effect is reduced), HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) space (intensity and chromaticity part are independent) and CIE-xyz (Commission Internationale de l'Elcairage) (Machine independent) color spaces. Chrominance models in all three color spaces have been generated and compared to find which color space best suits the selected dataset.


Background: Methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter is a well-established predictor of response to the DNA-alkylating agent temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma. Materials and Methods: Pyrosequencing analysis was used to determine the MGMT promoter methylation status in 61 meningiomas, to clarify whether it might have a predictive role. Results: Only two tumors (3%) had a mean methylation frequency higher than the cut-off value of 10% for the four CpG sites examined. Conclusion: The methylation of the MGMT promoter is uncommon, or occurs at a low frequency in meningiomas. There is no convincing rationale to test such tumors for their MGMT methylation status in a clinical setting.


: Porous pavements are considered an alternative to increasing the city's permeable surfaces and have great potential for rainwater harvesting. Over time, the surface layer clogs, limiting the application and use of porous pavement. This study aims to evaluate the maximum time for an intervention on a porous surface to recover its permeable properties before clogging. Through a constant load permeameter, rainwater runoff simulations were performed to measure the permeability coefficient of porous asphalt mixtures. Void content and interconnected voids were also evaluated. The parameter permeability showed a good indicator for determining when a surface layer will clog, and by taking regular measurements, the necessary intervention time to prevent it can be established. The designed porous mixture surface intervention should occur every year.


Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a communication paradigm that has grown in favor as a solution for intra-chip communication in sophisticated System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures since it avoids complex interconnects. The functional verification of the NoC is a crucial phase in the design life-cycle of a NoC-based SoC because it has a direct impact on the SoC's behavior and latency. Automating the NoC functional verification process could significantly reduce the time to market for such SoC designs. The employment of Particle Swarm Optimization to create NoC traffic which obtains maximal functional coverage in less simulation time is one such method of automation.


Traditionally, the evaluation of any breast lump is done by triple assessment.(2)Triple assessment by clinical examination, imaging like mammography, pathological assessment by core biopsy has been a standard approach in the evaluation of breast lumps.(2) Sono-mammography is less expensive, easily available and doesn"t cause any harmful radiation exposure. USG also gives information about tumour size, extent and number. Ultrasound (USG) is particularly useful in young women with dense breasts.


Grouting of underground constructions is important to decrease water inflow into constructions. It is therefore important to use grout with good penetration ability to achieve this goal. The purpos ...


Bio-inspired adaptability is a possible option for more efficient future mobility. To provide an adap-tive system complex, heavy, and often inefficient mechanical kinematics are used nowadays. Multi-functional materials like piezo-composites are a more structural incorporated way to enable adap-tability. Beside this smart material carbon nanotubes offer excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, which enable them to be the future lightweight structural material. Another sur-prising feature is their ability to generate strain while they are electrical charged within an electrical field and the presence of ions. This effect was successfully shown at macroscopic structures, con-taining billions of randomly oriented carbon nanotubes. Because of the nano-scale geometry of single walled carbon nanotubes, the effect could not be definitely clarified so that electrostatic ef-fects between the carbon nanotubes are equally named like quantum-mechanical effects as possi-ble reason. The poster presents research, referring to effect and properties of macroscopic struc-tures as well as approaches for analysing the effect at single carbon nanotubes.


To cope with the increasingly diversifying services, QoS, and network architectures, network virtualization is a promising technology that enables the concurrent deployment of multiple network technologies on a shared network. However, traditional research on network virtualization preliminarily focuses on a wired environment and network virtualization for a wireless environment is not well studied. Considering that in near-future, various wireless technologies will play the most important role in access networks and multi-mode wireless terminals will become more popular, it is crucial to extend the concept of network virtualization to wireless networks. We refer to building such extended virtual networks as "end-to-end slicing". The key technical challenges for such extension are (1) abstraction of heterogeneous wireless access networks for maximizing radio frequency utilization and (2) isolation of wireless resources such as radio frequencies, throughput, or name spaces for accommodating multiple virtual networks on a single wireless access network. In this paper, we tackle the first challenge and propose a Cognitive Virtualization Platform, called AMPHIBIA, which enables end-to-end slicing over heterogeneous wired and wireless networks. AMPHIBIA is a platform to provide independent virtual networks each of which can be configured for the corresponding service and to coordinate the resource management in both sides of wired and wireless networks, exploiting the network virtualization and cognitive radio technology. AMPHIBIA is motivated by the shared property of "reconfigurability" of network virtualization and cognitive radio, and provides network operators with the capability of cooperative resource allocation over wired and wireless networks. In other words, AMPHIBIA virtualizes a cognitive base station to dynamically configure a wireless access network for each virtual network. In this paper, we first show the basic architecture of AMPHIBIA from the perspective of network virtualization. Then we show the hardware and software design of prototype system.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease has advanced significantly over the two past decades. The advent of biologics and small molecules has revolutionized outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Knowledge of drug pharmacology, indications, and adverse events is essential to ensure the best clinical care while minimizing toxicity. Our aim was to review the literature on current methods of benefit-risk assessment, and consider their practical applicability to inflammatory bowel disease.

METHODS
A literature search was conducted to investigate studies documenting benefit-risk assessment.

RESULTS
Several structured frameworks and quantitative methodologies have been developed to evaluate benefit-risk profiles of drugs in a more comprehensive and consistent framework. Quantitative methods integrate benefit and risk outcome measures or incorporate preference weights for benefit and risk criteria into the evaluation. Incorporation of preference weights from patients is an essential aspect of quantitative benefit-risk assessment. Benefit-risk assessment is still evolving in inflammatory bowel disease.

CONCLUSIONS
The risks and benefits of each medical therapy must be discussed with the patient and a shared decision-making process is recommended. Future initiatives should be developed to perform a benefit-risk assessment considering the characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease drugs.


Kaplansky proposed in [7] three problems with which to test the adequacy of a proposed structure theory of infinite abelian groups. These problems can be rephrased as test problems for a structure theory of operators on Hilbert space. Thus, R. Kadison and I. Singer answered in [6] these test problems for the unitary equivalence of operators. We propose here a study of these problems for quasisimilarity of operators on Hilbert space. We recall first that two (bounded, linear) operators T and T′ acting on the Hilbert spaces and , are said to be quasisimilar if there exist bounded operators and with densely defined inverses, satisfying the relations T′X = XT and TY = YT′. The fact that T and T′ are quasisimilar is indicated by T ∼ T′. The problems mentioned above can now be formulated as follows.


The Cultivating of compound and appli ed law talents is rooted in theoretical teaching,and more importantly,in practical teaching,which has the special functions that pure theoretical teaching can never possess. The key to improve practical teaching of law is to scientifically design teaching methods. The realization of the above objectives lies in the construction of the principles of practical teaching methods,and in the systematic design of experimental,knowledge-based and practical teaching methods.


Recent dynamical studies indicate that the possibility of an Earth-like planet around $\alpha\;$Cen A or B should be taken seriously. Such a planet, if it exists, would perturb the orbital astrometry by $<10 \ {\mu}\rm as$, which is $10^{-6}$ of the separation between the two stars. We assess the feasibility of detecting such perturbations using ground-based intensity interferometry. We simulate a dedicated setup consisting of four 40-cm telescopes equipped with photon counters and correlators with time resolution $0.1\,\rm ns$, and a sort of matched filter implemented through an aperture mask. The astrometric error from one night of observing $\alpha\;$Cen AB is $\approx0.5\,\rm mas$. The error decreases if longer observing times and multiple spectral channels are used, as $(\hbox{channels}\times\hbox{nights})^{-1/2}$.


There is a surge of interest in image scene graph generation (object, attribute and relationship detection) due to the need of building fine-grained image understanding models that go beyond object detection. Due to the lack of a good benchmark, the reported results of different scene graph generation models are not directly comparable, impeding the research progress. We have developed a much-needed scene graph generation benchmark based on the maskrcnn-benchmark and several popular models. This paper presents main features of our benchmark and a comprehensive ablation study of scene graph generation models using the Visual Genome and OpenImages Visual relationship detection datasets. Our codebase is made publicly available at https://github.com/microsoft/scene_graph_benchmark.


The brisk pace of globalization coupled with China's entry to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 has heightened the international competition faced by Chinese securities market players. In turn, that increased competition has catalyzed both regulation and measured liberalization of China's securities markets. Previous company and securities laws lacked effective civil remedies for investors and the right to commence derivative actions. Because the laws were inadequate in that area, investors in China's securities markets (particularly minority investors) were susceptible to market manipulation and fraud and were often left without redress. Recent amendments to Chinese securities law and company law, which are focused on protecting investors, have improved the regulation of the securities markets. But it remains to be seen whether improved legislation will change practices, as law enforcement has been a long-standing concern in China.This Article investigates the regulatory and enforcement issues confronting listed companies and stock exchanges in China. Part II traces the history of the current regulatory frameworks for listed companies and stock exchanges. Part III identifies flaws in the regulation of listed companies and stock exchanges caused by the China Securities Regulatory Commission's (CSRC) tight control. Part IV discusses enforcement issues affecting regulators and investors. Part V proposes reforms for regulation that provides effective investor protection.


Computing utilities based on virtual machines (VMs) migrating among distributed computing resources are becoming increasingly practical and emerging as a viable infrastructure for outsourcing computer services. Here, w e present a large scale distributed computing architecture named public public computing utility (PCU), where nondedicated public resources are augmented with privately owned dedicated resources to obtain higher levels of qualit y of service (QoS) for compute intensive applications. Virtu al machines are used to isolate foreign applications from the host systems and to facilitate seamless migrations. We have proposed several heuristics for scheduling VMs among the resources in PCU. Extensive simulations we performed indicate that the proposed heuristics are able to improve the QoS delivered by the PCU by utilizing the public and private resource combinations while reducing the VM migrations.


A complete energy balance equation is calculated for the Antarctic octopus Pareledone charcoti at 08C. Energy used in respiration, growth, and excretion of nitrogenous and faecal waste, was recorded along with the total consumption of energy through food, for three specimens of P. charcoti (live weights: 73, 51 and 29 g). Growth rates were very slow for cephalopods, with a mean daily increase in body weight of only 0.11%. Assimilation efficiencies were high, between 95.4 and 97.0%, which is consistent with previous work on octopods. The respiration rate in P. 21 charcoti was low, with a mean of 2.45 mg O h for a standard animal of 150 g wet mass at 08C. 2 21 In the North Sea octopus Eledone cirrhosa, respiration rates of 9.79 mg O h at 11.58C and 4.47 2 21 mg O h at 4.58C for a standard animal of 150 g wet mass were recorded. Respiration rates 2 between P. charcoti and E. cirrhosa were compared using a combined Q value between P. 10 charcoti at 08C and E. cirrhosa at 4.58C. This suggests that P. charcoti are respiring at a level predicted by E. cirrhosa rates at 4.5 and 11.58C extrapolated to 08C along the curve Q 5 3, with 10 no evidence of metabolic compensation for low temperature.  2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Our report deals with the relationship of pattern and timing of sun exposure to basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in a population‐based case‐control study conducted in Western Australia in 1988. The main measure of intermittent exposure was based on the amount of exposure on non‐working days relative to that over the whole week. Outdoor recreational activities, holidays and sunburn were also considered to be markers of intermittent exposure. We observed a statistically significant increase in risk of BCC with increasing proportion of weekly sun exposure obtained at the weekend, especially in late teenage (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.9‐7.8 for maximum intermittency of exposure), exposure of the site of skin cancer during holidays (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1‐3.1 for the highest exposure quarter) and sunburn to the site (ORs of 1.8 for 3‐10 and 1.5 for 11+ sunburns in a lifetime). Risk of BCC increased substantially with increasing intermittency in poor tanners but not at all in good tanners. Our data suggest that a particular amount of sun exposure delivered in infrequent, probably intense increments will increase risk of BCC more than a similar dose delivered more continuously over the same total period of time.


In the era of large-scale language models, the substantial parameter size poses significant challenges for deployment. Being a prevalent compression technique, quantization has emerged as the mainstream practice to tackle this issue, which is mainly centered on two recipes W8A8 and W4A16 (i.e. weights and activations in such bit widths). In this study, we propose a novel W4A8 post-training quantization method for the available open-sourced LLMs, which combines the advantages of both two recipes. Therefore, we can leverage the benefit in the I/O utilization of 4-bit weight quantization and the acceleration due to 8-bit matrix computation. Nevertheless, the W4A8 faces notorious performance degradation. As a remedy, we involve layerwise activation quantization strategies which feature a novel logarithmic equalization for most intractable layers, and we combine them with fine-grained weight quantization. Without whistles and bells, we eliminate the necessity for further fine-tuning and obtain the state-of-the-art W4A8 quantized performance on BLOOM, LLaMA, and LLaMA-2 on standard benchmarks. We confirm that the W4A8 quantization is achievable for the deployment of large language models, fostering their wide-spreading real-world applications.


Forensic entomologists are often employed to estimate the minimum post-mortem interval of bodies in cases of untimely or unexplained death. Although some cases have involved burnt remains, few studies have been carried out to assess whether entomology can still be utilised. Only one major study has been carried out which determined that even after a major house fire, blow fly larvae can still be identified and used to estimate a minimum post-mortem interval. Most studies have investigated whether burning affects the attraction of blow flies to burnt bodies, and their subsequent oviposition. Results vary, but suggest that blow flies may be more likely to oviposit on bodies which have undergone considerable burning, where the splitting of the skin has resulted in the exposure of suitable oviposition sites, whereas bodies only mildly burnt may be too dry for oviposition. In addition, although most studies have utilised some type of accelerant to facilitate the burning, this has not been taken into account with regards to blow fly attraction or larval development. This review paper gives an overview of the current literature relating to burnt bodies and the use of entomology to estimate a minimum post-mortem interval in such cases.


Despite efforts by the international community to curb international terrorism, it remains one of the main threats to international security. A main reason for this is that international terrorism has significant financial inflows and their routes transform faster than the international countermeasures designed to stop them.The aim of this article is to identify existing and potential financial channels. The authors analyze antiterrorist legislation to define the theoretical and legal framework for this research and draw on empirical content from the reports of international organizations, the Group of 20 (G20), the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation, and others.This article shows that the main sources of terrorism financing include taxes paid by foreign enterprises functioning in the occupied lands, taxes paid by local populations, profits from resource and goods trade, captured treasures trade, payments from non-governmental organizations, and financial fraud.The authors discuss the role of cryptocurrencies in international terrorism financing and note that while foreign experts deny the possibility and feasibility of their usage, Russians take an opposite view. The authors conclude that the Russian arguments should be heard and carefully considered by the international community. The Russian Federation has significant experience fighting terrorism. For this reason, the authors recommend that the G20 and other international organizations pay more attention to this issue and work out international standards to counter the use of cryptocurrencies by terrorists


A type of structure and working mode of the dual-mode mechanical and electric combined drive system was introduced.The rotation speed characteristic of the system was analyzed.Through adjusting the motor rotating speed,the system can be used to optimize the engine working point.Investigates power and torque performance,and points out the output torque of the system which is superimposed by motor torque and a part of scaled input torque.Researches the power-split of the system and it is associated with the planetary set parameters and dual-mode transmission ratio.In the first model how much the split electric power is an important factor which affects the performance of the system.Through changing the matching of the parameters,demand on motor power in the first model can be reduced.The relative electric power split-flow's extreme condition in the two modes was referred to in the selection of motor power.


The COVID-19 Pandemic has forced  prevention efforts to be implemented by the countries worldwide. Some countries have succeeded with the efforts, whereas others are still struggling, thus it triggered an economic reset to be experienced by the affected countries. Nevertheless, with the increasing global warming and ecological damage, the economic reset caused by the COVID-19 pandemic becomes an opportunity for countries to cope with the structural challenges of the economy in order to create a sustainable development system and to prevent further destruction of nature on a global level. This article aims to explore how the economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic can function as a tool and basis from which a more sustainable economic system can be implemented.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence and importance of specific factors that are thought to Infrastructural Projects are critical to economic development and their acquisition often take suitable procedures - procurement strategy/method - which are key processes and conditions clients create for the successful achievement of project specific objectives. However, selecting the most appropriate procurement strategy seem undefined, and a daunting task leading to project failure, increased risk etc. This paper therefore identified, evaluated and analyzed critical selection criteria for appropriate procurement strategy using extensive literature review, structured questionnaire survey and elicited opinions of construction professionals (in consulting, contracting and client organizations) in Ondo and Ekiti States Nigeria. Using descriptive and inferential statistics, the critical selection criteria and their significance among compared groups were analyzed. The study revealed slight disparity in the mean of ranked criteria while the t-Statistics indicated that there is no significant difference in the criteria used by clients and consultants. The study is not only instructive to procuring entities' decision makers and construction professionals but advance by contributing to procurement management practices, hence concluded by recommending a robust analysis of criteria in terms of project finance, available resources, risk associated and technicality amongst all parties hence reducing the risks in project execution and spur greater innovation on the part of project clients.


Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are among the most common congenital malformations. Patients with CLP have higher rates of health complications such as speech delays, behavioral disorders, failure to thrive, otitis media, hearing loss. Aim and objectives: the aim of the study was to evaluate speech and audiologic outcomes after palatoplasty with or without myringotomy (with or without ventilation tube) in children with cleft palate though a meta-analysis study from 10 years ago. Subjects and methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, PLOS and Clarivate - Scopus listed articles. We will use many research engines including EKB to download the articles for the last one year. Results:  Our results showed that 3 studies showed fistula Event rate (%) 8.482% with significant heterogeneity p-value 0.0230. 2 studies showed OM Event rate (%) 17.35%   with significant heterogeneity p-value 0.0084. The current study showed that 2 studies showed poor hearing with tube Event rate (%) 43.327% with insignificant heterogeneity p-value 0.1278. Conclusion: We have produced a recommendation about the outcomes that should be measured, as a minimum, in studies of the management of OME in children with CP.


The figures range from portraits of notable individuals connected to the library, such as the eponymous Harry Elkins Widener, to architectural schematics, outmoded library documents such as a "stack pass," and, of course, interior and exterior shots of the Widener itself. The illustrations serve to make the accompanying narrative more concrete and tangible than it might otherwise have been. In general, this is an interesting and well-executed book. The text suffers from uneven proofing, as evidenced by the surprising number of spelling errors that slipped through. A more serious issue has to do with a lacuna in the information. The book repeatedly draws attention to the fact that for much of its early history the library was closed to women (vii, 86, 113, 115, 126). It therefore seems a curious omission that it never mentions when or how these restrictions were lifted. Suddenly on page 143 a quoted letter refers to "the coeducational nature of the reading room" as an established fact, which is the first that the reader learns of this development. Similarly, the changes wrought by the opening of the stacks are discussed without giving any more specific information about the circumstances of that change than that it happened at some unspecified time during the tenure of Keyes Metcalfe. Despite these oversights, Widener: Biography of a Library will be useful to anyone interested in the history of Harvard, the development of large academic libraries in the twentieth century, or the Widener in particular. If the tone is more emotional than analytical, that is no great flaw in a book intended to celebrate the Widener's turbulent years of service. The author writes, "Widener's story is that of higher education in the midst of the social, political, and cultural tumult of the twentieth century; it is a story best told by more accomplished voices than mine" (x). Perhaps one of those voices will take up this modest refrain and raise it to further heights.


Paper description: Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences have proved to be useful in providing reliable identification of Trichogramma species. Identification of resident populations of Trichogramma wasps to species level has not been done in Serbia and has limited the potential for large scale use of these parasitoids. The current study used DNA sequences of the ITS2 gene to identify the most prevalent species in Vojvodina as Trischogramma brassicae . Accurate identification of native populations of Trichogramma wasps should help in the choice of the most suitable species for mass rearing and field release. Abstract: The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner, 1796) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a major pest of corn ( Zea mays Linnaeus, 1753) in Serbia. Regular monitoring of O. nubilalis in the region of Kikinda (province of Vojvodina, Serbia) demonstrated a high percentage of parasitized eggs of this pest. Preliminary identification of the egg parasitoids based on morphological traits revealed that they belong to the genus Trichogramma Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae). The objective of this study was to identify the autochthonous Trichogramma species present in the region of Kikinda by using sequences of ribosomal DNA. Specimens of Trichogramma were reared from parasitized eggs of O. nubilalis collected at different localities in the region of Kikinda. The ITS2 gene was sequenced and subjected to BLAST searches of GenBank NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). The majority of collected specimens were identified as Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, 1968, and a single specimen as T. evanescens Westwood, 1833. Intraspecific variation of T. brassicae was assessed by amplifying the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene . Wasps were also tested for the presence of the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia Hertig, 1936 using Wolbachia -specific 16S and wsp primers as a preliminary test for evidence of thelytoky. Understanding of the diversity and biology of autochthonous Trichogramma species is a key step in the potential commercial implementation of these egg parasitoid wasps in the protection of corn fields in Serbia. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS171103002I Received: November 13, 2017; Revised: January 12, 2018; Accepted: January 18, 2018; Published online: January 23, 2018 How to cite this article: Ivezic A, Rugman-Jones P, Stouthamer R, Ignjatovic-Cupina A. Molecular identification of Trichogramma egg parasitoids of Ostrinia nubilalis in northeastern Serbia. Arch Biol Sci. 2018;70(3):…


In this study,we introduced a simple method for chemical separation of Re for molybdenite Re-Os dating.N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine(BPHA) in chloroform solution was employed for the removal of Mo,Fe and W which are major elements in molybdenite.An analytical procedure is established based on the Carius tube digestion and carbon tetroxide(CCl4) extraction of Os,BPHA extraction for the separation of Re,then Re and Os concentrations are measured by isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The analytical procedure was applied to the determination of the Re-Os dating molybdenite reference materials(JDC),the contents of Re,Os and ages for JDC were(17.6±0.2) μg/g,(25.9±0.3) ng/g and(140.1±2.4) Ma,respectively.These results are in agreement with the reference values.The characteristics of the method,i.e.,comparative simplicity,efficiency,a shorter period and lower cost,make it especially suitable for routine analysis.


The instruments used in market economies by governments, in their attempt to enhance the protection of individuals through governmental actions, are essentially three: (a) public programs supported by public spending; (b) "tax expenditures"; and (c) various forms of regulation. In this paper, I will discuss the use of these instruments in promoting social protection. I will then assess the impact that globalization, in all its manifestations, might have on these instruments.


Resumen en: ENSO significantly changed the annual patterns of rainfall and temperature for northwestern Mexico. Little is known about how seasonal environmental dif...


The properties of the basic materials of conveyor belts and adhesion between these materials affect the proper functionality and service life of conveyor belts. Their reliability depends on the adhesive force between their structural components. The purpose of this paper was to investigate into the quality of adhesion of the rubber cover layers to the carcass, and of the adhesion between the adjacent textile plies in a rubbertextile conveyor belt. The experiments were aimed at measuring the adhesive force using the tensile testing machine with a constant rate of traverse. The investigation was carried out with 4 conveyor belts with carcasses made of the same material. The experiments were carried out in compliance with the recommendations of the ISO 252:2007 standard and the results were verified according to the ISO 14890:2013 standard. The strength of adhesion between textile plies of the carcass and rubber is very important in the both production and applications of rubber-textile conveyor belts.


A controlled environment for studying the three major factors of perceived image quality of mobile displays—motion, ambient lighting and surround—consists of (1) A robotic arm was programmed to simulate the motion caused by the hand shake, (2) A set of RGB LED lights was used to simulate illuminants such as fluorescent lamps or daylight, and (3) A rear‐projection screen was used as the surround to simulate indoor or in‐car scenarios. In addition, a face tracking device was used to record the variation in viewing direction. Psychophysical experiments were conducted to test the spatial‐velocity thresholds and just‐noticeable differences of various combinations of ambient and surround lighting conditions.


We show that the compound ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.2}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{1.8}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ does not form with layered ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$-type structure as reported by Kamenev et al. [Phys. Rev. B 56, R12 688 (1997)]. Detailed analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction pattern of this compound (synthesized by using the solid-state method) by Rietveld method shows that it forms a multiphase mixture comprising hole-doped perovskite manganates $({\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3})$ as the majority phases and CaO as the minority phase.


Examining the aspect of combustion processes in the diesel engine cylinder through indicator-cards, we can see the effect of suction-air temperature on the cards, even in light load operation such as the case where the excess air factor is 2∼3, when almost no effect can be felt upon its output horsepower. When we change the suction-air temperature keeping the fuel injection rate constant, the maximum explosion pressure in pre-combustion chamber varies almost proportionally to the quantity of air aspirated, which varies due to the suction-air temperature change. Namely it may be said, that the combustion process in the pre-combustion chamber of diesel engine cylinder is regulated by the quantity of air in it. This will be understood from the fact that even under the condition of light load when the excess air factor is about 3, the excess air factor in regard to the pre-combustion chamber alone will still remain about unity. Anyway, it may by said that the effect of the suction-air temperature upon the combustio


Ionization gauges have been calibrated by a static expansion method in the pressure range of 10−2–10−6 Torr with a absolute accuracy of ± 3%. The repeatability of the linear calibration curve is 1%. The sensitivity of the gauges thus calibrated has been checked by a dynamic method, comprising a flow measurement through a porous plug and a calculated circular orifice. The accuracy of this method is ± 7%. Evaluation of the measurements of flow and sensitivity is done by an electronic computer. The results agree within the limits of error with those obtained by the static method. The dynamic method can be used for calibrations down to pressures of 10−10 Torr while the static method has its lower limit at 10−6 Torr because of sorption phenomena.


Description of an original technique for control of the spectral response of narrow-band optical filters in photorefractive crystals and results of experimental demonstration in both volume and integrated optical configurations are given. Two control mechanisms are considered. The limitations in the selectivity, tuning range, insertion losses, and speed of spectral response control are discussed. Some promising applications, in particular, for spectral coding of optical signals in telecommunication systems, are proposed. Experimental demonstration of formation, transmission, and detection of a frequency shift keying optical signal by using an electrooptically controlled Bragg grating was carried out.


Taking the Zhongwei project of the West-to-East gas pipeline crossing over the Yellow River as a case of study, this paper discussed in detail on the ultrasonic test standard of steel structure's welding line, and then pointed out that there is difference on the standard between this sector and the national, demonstrating that the former is stricter than the latter. The adopted ultrasonic test method in the above-mentioned project has reached up to a national advanced level, which will provide good references for better standard selections on similar engineering design and operation works.


Employing multiple channels to improve the multi-hop wireless network performance has recently attracted a lot of attention. Given that hidden node collision is a key cause of the performance degradation in multi-hop wireless networks, we propose a solution to minimize the hidden node collision probability. It involves the use of a coordination mechanism, which tries to assign different frequency channels to two nodes that may be involved in hidden node collision. Also, a reserved bit in 802.11 MAC frame format is used to coordinate the channel assignments thereby minimizing the scheme's overhead. Simulation results show that an improved throughput can be achieved with our proposed scheme.


According to testing standard of hydrogeh-induced crack ( HIC ) , ItlC of domestic X70 pipeline steels and weld were studied, and the effect of inclusion on HIC was particularly paid more attention. The results showed that resistance to HIC is not lower than that of base metal. With the increas of inclusions, the sensitivity to HIC increases. Furthermore, the configuration and distribution of inclusions affects the properties of domestic pipeline steels.


Reduction of ent-2α,3α-epoxykaur-16-en-19-ol (1) by hydride to the 2-equatorial alcohol (4) is attributed to participation by the 19-hydroxy-group, since the 19-tetrahydropyranyl ether (2) and the 4.4-dimethyl epoxide (24) are reduced normally to the corresponding 3-axial alcohols (7) and (26) respectively.Reduction of ent-2β,3β-epoxykaur-16-en-19-ol (13) and the 19-tetrahydropyranyl ether (14) by hydride gave the 3-equatorial alcohol (19) and the 19-tetrahydropyranyl ether (23) respectively. Analogously, acidic hydrolysis of the ent-2β,3β-epoxides (30) and (31) in the ent-kaurane series, and of (40) and (41) in the ent-gibberellane series, afforded the diequatorial 2,3-diols. The abnormal opening of these ent-2β,3β-epoxides is attributed to the steric effect of the adjacent ent-4α-methyl group.


Online news sources produce thousands of news articles every day, reporting on local and global real-world
events. New information quickly replaces the old, making it difficult for readers to put current events in the
context of the past. Additionally, the stories have very complex relationships and characteristics that are difficult
to model: they can be weakly or strongly connected, or they can merge or split over time. In this paper, we
present a visual analytics system for exploration of news topics in dynamic information streams, which combines
interactive visualization and text mining techniques to facilitate the analysis of similar topics that split and merge
over time. We employ text clustering techniques to automatically extract stories from online news streams and
present a visualization that: 1) shows temporal characteristics of stories in different time frames with different
level of detail; 2) allows incremental updates of the display without recalculating the visual features of the past
data; 3) sorts the stories by minimizing clutter and overlap from edge crossings. By using interaction, stories
can be filtered based on their duration and characteristics in order to be explored in full detail with details on
demand. To demonstrate the usefulness of our system, case studies with real news data are presented and show
the capabilities for detailed dynamic text stream exploration.


Chinese traditional sports with Chinese national culture reflects each other,having evident oriental culture and strong national character and reflecting Chinese classical aesthetics,Chinese classical ethics,and Chinese classical philosophy.Developing,inheriting and improving traditional sports will make the traditional sports more standardized and advanced,and becomes an important approach of national fitness of bodies building and will strengthen.


Carboxylic acids found in the cultured broth of Sporobolomyces odorus AHU 3246 which produces γ-lactones as principles of the aromatic flavor, were analyzed. The concentrate of methylated acids was steam-distilled and in the residue, succinic acid, nonanedioic acid (azelaic acid), undecanedioic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid (β-phenyllactic acid) were identified as their methyl esters by GLC and spectroscopic methods. Phthalic acid and its mono-n-butyl ester were also found, but these compounds were thought to arise from di-n-butyl phthalate, one of impurities of deionized water.


Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is a kind of protease, which plays an important role in the structural modification of chromosomes and the regulation of gene expression. Its excessive expression in cancer cells causes acetylation imbalance, which is closely related to the occurrence of tumor. The high efficiency and low toxicity of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) has been widely recognized as anti-tumor drug with the deepening of the study in epigenetics. It is expected to bring more breakthroughs in the treatment of tumor.

Key words:
Epigenesis, genetic; Neoplasms; Histone deacetylase inhibitors


Purpose – This study aims to present a general conceptual framework which can be used to evaluate quality and institutional performance in higher education.Design/methodology/approach – The quality of higher education is at the heart of the setting up of the European Higher Education Area. Strategic management is widely used in higher education institutions and is a strong candidate for the general framework of management. The balanced scorecard approach has been designed as a mechanism to communicate and implement the strategic plan and make it more understandable to stakeholders.Findings – The concepts of quality and strategy maps provide the tools that can be used to describe the conceptual framework to describe the quality assurance system and institutional performance.Originality/value – The quality and performance of a higher education institution are evaluated by national quality assurance agencies and many other stakeholders having various objectives and interests. The evaluation is based on the b...


Obesity is driven by modifiable lifestyle factors whose effects may be mediated by epigenetics. Therefore, we investigated lifestyle effects (diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol) on blood DNA methylation in participants of the LIFE-Adult study, a well-characterized population-based cohort from Germany. Fifty subjects with an extremely healthy and 50 with an extremely unhealthy lifestyle were selected for genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in blood samples. Whereas obesity was only marginally related to variability in DNA methylation pattern, comparisons between lifestyle categories resulted in 145 Differentially Methylated Positions (DMPs) and 4682 Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) annotated to 4426 unique genes. Intersection analysis showed that diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake are equally contributing to the observed differences, which particularly affects pathways related to glutamatergic synapse and axon guidance. DNA methylation patterns help discriminate individuals with a healthy vs. unhealthy lifestyle, which may mask subtle methylation differences derived from obesity.


New progress on research of phase change energy storage materials in recent years are summarized in this paper.The species of phase change materials are introduced,the performance,merits and faults of all kinds of phase change materials are discussed.And finally the development trend of phase change materials is prospected.


Image segmentation is a critical step in computer-aided diagnosis that could speed up Leukemia detection. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood that has a reputation for being particularly lethal. Based on the immunohistochemical method, the leukocytes can be manually counted in a stained peripheral blood smear image to detect Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Regrettably, the manual diagnosis process takes about 3 to 24 hours to complete, which is insufficient. This paper introduced a new and straightforward ALL image segmentation approach based on color image transformation. First, Leukemia, ALL-IDB1, ALL-IDB2, and ALL image datasets were used in this paper. The Leukemia dataset includes 208 ALL-IDB1 and ALL-IDB2 images, while The ALL dataset has 3256 images. Next, we use the HSV model to transform ALL images. In addition, we modified the HSV model by pre-processing the saturation channel for better results. Then, the pre-processed images were segmented based on a fixed threshold. After that, various metrics are utilized to measure the output of the proposed method. Finally, the proposed methodology is compared to currently used benchmarks. The proposed method outperforms previous approaches regarding accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and time. In addition, results show that the proposed technique improves performance measures significantly.


Due to the complexity structural features that the modern military system of information has presented,a research thought about complex networks has been proposed.Communication entities come down to nodes and the liaison between the nodes come down to edges,a topological model of warship communication network is proposed.Then by calculating the measure parameters of the warship communication network,the complexity feature has been verified.This offers theoretical enlightenment and reference value to the construction of military system of information in the future.


Computer-implemented methods for inspecting and/or clas Sifying a wafer are provided. One computer-implemented includes detecting defects on a wafer using one or more defect detection parameters, which are determined based on a non spatially localized characteristic of the wafer that is deter mined using output responsive to light scattered from the wafer generated by an inspection system. Another computer implemented method includes classifying a wafer based on a combination of a non-spatially localized characteristic of the wafer determined using output responsive to light scattered from the wafer generated by an inspection system and a spatially localized characteristic of the wafer determined using the output.


The present invention relates to a household dry-cleaning machine water removal apparatus, removing water and dry cleaning machine, there is disposed in said solvent tank oven, the space within the solvent tank to the drying oven communication, in the drybox disposed therein for adsorbing moisture absorbing material, the solvent and water separation. The present invention is omitted in the oil-water separator of the prior art, it simplifies the structure, and does not substantially affect the volume of the solvent tank, without affecting the original structure and sealing the solvent tank, and after some time, remove the drybox replace the water-absorbing material to the inside, easy to use.


The article is devoted to the organization of distance learning in postgraduate education. Distance learning in the training of doctors is an innovative organization of the educational process, which is implemented in a specific educational system based on the principle of self-study doctor and interactive teaching and learning.


Background: The use of co-amoxiclav injectable form among neonates and infants necessitates the usage of a part of the reconstituted drug solution or suspension, based on the relative low weights of this group of patients, with the remaining part of the reconstituted form being discarded and not used for subsequent doses due to unreliability in dosage form stability. This practice increases the cost of the treatment. Objective: This study aims at evaluation of the stability of reconstituted co-amoxiclav injectable solutions in order to use it in the most cost-effective manner. Methods: Physical, chemical and microbiological stability of reconstituted coamoxiclav injectable solutions were evaluated at 4 different storage conditions which assembled by iterating each of temperature and lighting condition at two possible levels. Responses measured were degradation rate, colour and pH changes, shelf life and sterility of reconstituted drug solutions. Results: Degradation of both Clavulanic acid and Amoxicillin was found to enhance with increasing of storage temperature whereas only the degradation of Clavulanic acid appeared to be affected by storage light conditions. Time dependent changes in colour and pH were observed in reconstituted solutions under all storage conditions, especially in samples stored at 30˚C in indoor room lighting. Best storage conditions for reconstituted co-amoxiclav injectable solutions was determined as refrigerated at 4-8˚C in dark with associated shelf life of 1 hour. All reconstituted solutions complied with the test for sterility. Conclusions: Reconstituted co-amoxiclav injectable solutions should either be used


The ground water is most prime water which has multipurpose use ranging from drinking to industrial and agricultural uses. The continuously increase in the level of pollution of water is a serious problem. The city of Gorakhpur is not untouched with this serious issue .The pollution level of the major water sources in and around the city is increase rapidly. The main objective of the present study is to study the variation of ground water quality in Gorakhpur district, by collecting 20 samples of water from hand pump from 20 locations well distributed with in Gorakhpur district were analyzed for different parameters such as pH, electric conductivity , chloride total ,free chlorine , hardness, fluoride, nitrate, iron, Turbidity, potassium. Groundwater is polluted from seepage pits, refuse dumps, septic tanks, barnyards manures, transport accident and different pollutant. Important sources of ground water pollution are sewage is dumped in shallow soak pits. It gives rise to cholera, hepatitis, dysenteries, etc. especially in areas with high water table.


Unloading is the same with that of redistribution of surrounding rock's stress when excavating;and the unloading velocity affects stress field,so the problem of unloading is a dynamic one essentially.Assumed the unloading ruled by a simple function characteristic of the time parameter and based on the elastic mechanics and the Hamilton principle,the regulation of the stress field nearby the tunnel is obtained.The stress fields around the carvity in different depths are generalized.Especially when the in-site stress is larger than the rock strength,the characteristics of the failure nearby the tunnel are analyzed considering the shear failure and tensile failure.The results show that the main mode of the shear failure,intact and tensile failure occurs from the tunnel.In other words,the characteristics of the shear failure,intact and tensile failure is one of the likely failure modes.The situation is concerned with the unloading time.


AbstractSpinning electrodynamic tether systems are considered ideal platforms for payload transportation, removal of space debris, artificial gravity, and so on, for they provide a propellantless s...


There are many influential factors of molecular distillation which is a complex process and coupling relationship with each other.Considering the production efficiency and product quality in actual production,it's obviously important to choose various suitable parameters and it is difficult to grasp accurately by traditional orthogonal testing method.In this paper,genetic neural network model is used to establish the "black box model" between input and output and optimize the parameters of the system.The inputs are temperature,vacuum and feed rate and the outputs are the content and yield of essential oil in schisandra chinensis.The optimization model for the production technology and index is built up in MATLAB 7.0 by genetic neural network then the optimum operative parameters are obtained to conduct production.