Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of NewDrug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China


As a major component of social acceptance, visual impact is often considered a significant constraint in solar applications. Visual impact assessment of solar applications, however, has been limited to pedestrians in previous studies. The extent to which PV systems can have visual impacts on occupants and whether it is necessary to include occupants in the measurement of visual impact remains uncertain. To fill this gap, we extended it from pedestrians to occupants and proposed a quantitative method to integrate pedestrians and occupants into a framework, combining the estimation of solar potential for the feasibility assessment of PV applications in a built environment. The concept is tested with a real case, located in Qingdao city, China, to present the technical flowchart for the feasibility assessment of solar PV deployments with the visual constraint. Building surfaces with qualified solar irradiation and low visibility were identified and compared in two cases, that is, with and without the inclusion of occupants as the visual constraint. The comparison results show that the change of suitable building surfaces for solar applications is 172,306 m2 (21% of suitable area) and 126 GWh (19% of yield energy) across the study area, indicating the significance of including occupants in the visibility assessment for the deployment of solar applications. The proposed method considers the visual constraint for the feasibility assessment of solar applications from the perspective of pedestrians and occupants, and it is helpful to identify the suitable surfaces for the large-scale deployment of solar applications at an early planning stage of solar city.


Construction project risk management is a comprehensive process of identifying, classifying, evaluating and continuously monitoring project risks at all its stages. The article analyzes the very concept of risk, identifies the difference between risks, uncertainties and constraints, and examines the various risk classifications that may be associated with construction projects. A methodology is proposed for correlating risks with the project as a whole, with work packages, individual activities, resources or resource's assignments of the construction project. The impact of risks on the main parameters of a construction project is analyzed. The functions of risk probability distribution are considered depending on the project implementation time.


Purpose – The purpose of this article is to review the emerging literature of services business markets (SBMs) from 1974 to 2007 and analyse main themes that indicate the development of the literature. It also aims to provide an introduction to the special issue on services business‐to‐business markets by examining the context.Design/methodology/approach – The literature of SBMs from 1974 through 2007 was searched in relevant databases. The articles were analysed using Glaser's grounded theory. The constant comparison method was used with in vivo coding to reveal themes in the literature. These themes were then analysed contextually.Findings – The literature revealed seven themes which followed a trajectory from implicit to explicit consideration of SBMs, as well as to multi‐ and cross‐disciplinary focus with integration of variables from consumer services marketing. The landscape for SBMs has become blurred due to deregulation, globalisation and information technology, particularly the internet and e‐com...


DESCRIPTION LOPID (gemfibrozil tablets, USP) is a lipid regulating agent. It is available as tablets for oral administration. Each tablet contains 600 mg gemfibrozil. Each tablet also contains calcium stearate, NF; candelilla wax, FCC; microcrystalline cellulose, NF; hydroxypropyl cellulose, NF; hypromellose, USP; methylparaben, NF; Opaspray white; polyethylene glycol, NF; polysorbate 80, NF; propylparaben, NF; colloidal silicon dioxide, NF; pregelatinized starch, NF. The chemical name is 5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy) 2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid, with the following structural formula:


In this paper, simulated annealing and suitable scaling optimization techniques are used to design the fractional order low pass filters with Butterworth approximation. The frequency responses of the obtained optimal designs are closer to the ideal one as compared to the other existing designs. The designed filters are further realized using Tow-Thomas biquad topology by replacing traditional capacitors with the fractional capacitors, which are approximated by continued fraction expansion and then realized with the RC ladder network. The effectiveness of the proposed circuit realizations is also shown by PSPICE simulated results.


Recrystallization occurs in all heating processes of aluminum alloys subjected to hot or cold deformation. The chemical, physical and mechanical property of aluminum alloys is dependent on recrystallization and grain growth. This article provides an overview of the mechanism and characteristics of deformation microstructure and defect structures in aluminum alloys.


noted in two patients, but were of normal duration, and there were no opportunistic or other bacterial infections. There were no infusion reactions or other significant adverse events. Marked improvement in disease activity was seen in Patient 2, who was commenced on IFX following an episode of hypertensive encephalopathy attributable to active renal vasculitis. Over the first 3 months, serum creatinine fell from 315 to 11 mol/l, blood pressure normalized and prednisolone was weaned from 2mg/kg/day to 0.2mg/kg/day. The change in PR-3 antibody, ESR and CRP was from 173 IU/l, 65mm/h, and 10.7mg/dl at baseline, respectively, to 33 IU/l, 30mm/h and 0.85mg/dl by 3 months. This level of improvement was maintained and CYC was weaned off over the subsequent 9 months. Prednisolone dose at 1 yr was 0.1mg/kg. The other two patients had transient clinical improvements in the first 3 months after commencing IFX, but the subsequent response was equivocal. Four months after swapping Patient 1 from oral to intravenous pulsed CYC (1mg/m) because of gastrointestinal intolerance, IFX was commenced to control flaring of active renal disease and recurrent acute scleritis. The scleritis remitted without the need for ongoing topical steroids. The CYC was swapped for MTX (15mg/m subcutaneously) 6 months later when he redeveloped gastrointestinal intolerance. There was no deterioration in disease activity, and the gastrointestinal symptoms again settled. Because of unchanged abnormal urinary sediment (10–25 red blood cells per high-power field, 0.3 g protein/24 h and occasional granular casts), steroid dose (0.25mg/kg) and raised inflammatory markers, the IFX dose was increased to 6mg/kg and 10mg/kg at intervals of 4 months. A repeat renal biopsy, undertaken for insidious renal deterioration, has shown persistent active glomerulonephritis, and the IFX was stopped following the recent addition of intravenous CYC. In Patient 3, radiographic resolution of the lung nodules and improvement in hearing tests were observed, but there was progressive tracheal narrowing despite increasing IFX to 10mg/ kg. There were some sustained improvement in inflammatory markers, and steroids were weaned from 2 to 0.25mg/kg/day. IFX was subsequently stopped and rituximab was given. The outcome of IFX use in paediatric WG does not appear to be the same as that reported in adult series [7–9], but its role as a rescue therapy has been demonstrated in one case. Further assessment of the efficacy and safety of IFX in combination therapy is required in the form of a multicentre randomized controlled trial.


English Education authorized the establishment of a number of new Commissions, among them the Commission on Educators of Color and the Commission on Teacher Education for Teachers of Urban, Rural, and Suburban Students of Color. The former Commission had as its charge, "To explore efforts and develop strategies to attract educators of color to teach the English language arts." The latter Commission grew out of the recognition that until more people of color enter the teaching profession, the vast majority of children of color will continue to encounter, for most of their years in school, white teachers, whose public schooling occurred in schools with very little cultural diversity, and whose undergraduate and graduate education was provided largely by white professors from school settings as culturally limited as those of their students. A reading of the CEE Monograph, How English Teachers Get Taught,


There is a growing interest toward graphene and 2D materials for their exceptional geometrical, optical, and electronic features, which make them unique for photonic and optoelectronic applications...


In order to explore the safe operation of UAVs in non-segregated airspace, a collision risk model for cylindrical UAVs based on conflict areas was constructed and the risk of conflict between manned and unmanned aerial vehicles was researched. According to the results of risk analysis, a strategy for solving the conflict of aircraft is proposed, and the risk assessment experiment of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in non-isolated airspace conflict is carried out. The results show that under the experimental conditions, large unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with ADS-B, TCAS and other airborne sensing systems will indeed interfere with other aircraft in airspace when they enter non-isolated airspace. Especially when the number of aircraft in airspace is large, the automatic avoidance system of UAV will increase the avoidance time and trigger the safety alarm, but the safety level is still acceptable. This indicates that it is relatively safe for UAVs to enter non-isolated airspace under limited conditions. The results can be used as a reference for the safe operation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in non-isolated airspace.


Research transparency is an idea that is easy to love in principle. If one accepts the logic behind emerging transparency and replication standards in quantitative research, it is hard not to agree...


Laser is one of the most significant scientific and technological achievements, which was invented in the 1960 s.It was produced in the background of full theoretical production and the urgent need in the practical production. And lidar is currently involved in a wide range of applications. This paper just focuses on the application in the atmosphere analysis,which mainly includes the detection of aerosols, clouds and boundary of layer, atmospheric composition, temperature, accuracy of inversion PM2.5 concentration, and so on. At the same time, the related principles and the partial experimental results are shown here and the development trend of future atmospheric lidar is also pointed out.


Education and social purpose - the front line of ideology ideologies and the agenda of schooling changing the rules of the social policy game frameworks for understanding options and alternatives the English experiment - privatize and standardize issues in conflict - the principal arguments the pluralist agenda and education the schooling crucible - education and our future.


Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) is being extensively used in some countries. This technology is a proposal to identify all the motor vehicle circulating along the roads and take control on the whole motor vehicle fleet. The objective of this work is the field and laboratory performance tests description applied to several comercial RFID tags to evaluate the compliance of the characteristics and /or specifications of each one, and based on these test results, the selection criterias were established in order to select the appropriate RFID Tag to be used by the mexican vehicle fleet.


The deteriorating American economic situation in 2007 was first felt by individual consumers and families throughout the country experiencing personal financial crisis and an increase in home foreclosures. This personal level economic crisis was followed by failures and retractions in the financial services sector, which in turn was followed by retractions throughout the wider economy and in the stock market. Finally, the impact of these wider economic retractions caused financial aftershocks for individual consumers and families in the form of job loss, reduced income and reduced net worth driven by the plummeting values of their remaining real estate and retirement holdings. From this cycle one can draw a hypothesis that reducing the incidence of personal financial crisis should have a positive and stabilizing impact on the wider economy. One commonly proposed method for reducing the incidence of personal financial crisis is to modify consumer behavior through financial literacy education. The development of data identifying those Americans in personal financial crisis is necessary to create effective financial literacy education programs. In 2006 the Institute for Financial Literacy established a comprehensive, neutral research program designed to collect demographic information from individuals contemplating and eventually filing for bankruptcy protection, a population that is by definition in personal financial crisis. Utilizing the Institute's capacity for large scale data collection, information was collected for the period January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007 in the following categories: gender, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, personal income level, employment status, marital status and cause(s) of financial distress. This data was then analyzed by the Institute's Center for Consumer Financial Research (CCFR) and indicates that the average American who is in financial distress and seeking bankruptcy related credit counseling and financial education is: Caucasian, married, employed, between the ages of 35-44 years old, has at least a high school education or some college, and makes no more than $30,000 per year. In light of its findings, this paper challenges the academic community to craft effective solutions for America's ever growing personal debt problem.


In this paper, we review the characteristics of a diffuse infrared channel and create a simulation environment for a diffuse infrared wireless network study in the network simulator ns-2. To investigate the performance of Distributed Coordination Function (DFC) access method in IEEE802.11 MAC protocol based on the Diffuse infrared (DFIR) physical layer, we focus on the key mechanisms, RTS/CTS message exchange and backoff algorithm, and evaluate the protocol performance for various network configurations. Our simulations show that the value of RTS_Threshold strongly depends on the network configuration. We also investigate the trade-off between RTS/CTS and backoff schemes. The results are shown in throughput and average MAC delay.


The invention relates to an ultrasonic gel storage unit with a graduation ruler. The ultrasonic gel storage unit is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic gel storage container; the bottom of the ultrasonic gel storage container is evenly provided with through holes; a gel squeezer is disposed on the inner wall of the ultrasonic gel container and comprises a squeeze plate fitting the inner wall of the ultrasonic gel container; a vertical rod and the graduation ruler are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the squeeze plate; a support plate is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the ultrasonic gel container and is rotatably connected with a guide wheel which is fixedly connected with a handle; a pull cord is connected to the outer wall of the guide wheel in a winding manner; the end of the pull cord passes around the top of the ultrasonic gel container and is connected with the squeeze plate. The ultrasonic gel storage unit has the advantages that the structure is simple; the ultrasonic gel is squeezed out by rocking the guide wheel and by means of a simple device of the pull cord releasing the squeeze plate, squeezing is simple, and accordingly medical care is more efficient; the graduation ruler is disposed on the squeeze plate so that usage and residue of the ultrasonic gel can be marked conveniently; soft cloth disposed at the bottom of the ultrasonic gel container allows ultrasonic gel to be evenly applied to a probe, and finally detection effect of a probe can be improved.


With the continuous innovation of blockchain technology in recent years, the concept of "blockchain+" has become popular in all fields, and more and more people are exploring the application of blockchain. This paper compares the current situations of blockchain applications with various blockchain systems, and focuses on the solutions to the two major issues of data storage and privacy during the application process. From the perspective of data collaboration, three cutting-edge application cases in three major areas are selected for analysis, and opinions on how to choose a suitable blockchain architecture for different scenarios. Finally, it summarizes the current situations of blockchain applications and puts forward the prospects for blockchain applications.


In the present paper a pure exchange, general equilibrium model is considered and the equilibrium set is studied. It is shown for all total endowments and an open and dense set of preferences that if there are l  ̧ 2 commodities and m  ̧ 2 consumers then there exists a set of distributions of endowments with nonempty interior such that the associated economies have at least l¡1+minfl;mg equilibria for l + minfl;mg even and at least l ¡ 2 + minfl;mg equilibria for l +minfl;mg odd.


In the present study, we tried to control GBCD of commercial 5056 At alloy ( Al-5mass%Mg) by hot extrusion with various processing conditions. The fraction of low angle boundaries in 5056 At alloy decreased as extrusion temperature increased from 473K to 873K However, the fraction of coincidence boundaries ( < Σ 31 ) and random boundaries increased as extrusion temperature increased. It was found that the fraction of coincidence boundaries in the sample extruded at 873K was 14% which was about five times as large as that of the sample extruded at 473K. It was also found that annealing treatment after hot extrusion was effective for increasing the fraction of coincidence boundaries. As for the sample extruded at 673K followed by annealing at 873K, the fraction of coincidence boundaries was 17% Microstructure observation showed that recry stallization and grain growth occurred in this sample. This result suggests that it is possible to control GBCD by using recrystallization and grain growth.


Abstract : This report covers work done as a result of participation in the SWAPP cruise in conjunction with FLIP. We participated with the IOS vessel PARIZEAU and obtained extensive data sets using two rather novel approaches. We used Active sonar systems to detect bubble clouds and bubble size distributions, and Passive hydrophones to map the distribution and properties of breaking surface waves. Each of these approaches not only involved the development of specialized hardware, but also required development of novel signal processing schemes so as to handle the very high data rates. Each approach is described in sequence. A publication list resulting from this work is also included.


Lamb and mutton are rapidly coming into their own as popular meats, both in the city and on the farm. When farmers awake to the fact that Iamb and mutton are just as palatable, practically as great In nutritive value and just as easily dressed as beef and pork, a great deal more of this meat will be consumed on the farm.


We have developed a sentence extraction system, which estimates the significance of sentences by integrating four scoring functions that use evidence such as sentence location, sentence length, TF/IDF values of words, and similarity to the title. Similarity to a given query is also added to the system on the summarization task for Information Retrieval. Parameters for scoring functions were optimized by an experiment using dry run data of the TSC. Results from the TSC formal run showed that our method was effective in the sentence extraction task.


OCL is the most prevalent language to document system constraints that are annotated in UML. Writing OCL specifications is not an easy task due to the complexity of the OCL syntax. Therefore, an approach to help and assist developers to write OCL specifications is needed. There are two approaches to do so: First, creating an OCL specifications by a tool called COPACABANA. Second, an MDA-based approach to help developers in writing OCL specification by another tool called NL2OCLviaSBVR that generates OCL specification automatically. This study presents another MDA-based approach called En2OCL, and its objective is twofold. 1- to improve the precison of the existing works. 2- to present a benchmark of these approaches. The benchmark shows that the accuracy of COPACABANA, NL2OCLviaSBVR, and En2OCL are 69.23, 84.64, and 88.40 respectively.


This paper deeply analyzes the five misapprehensions of our SME's financing problem: banks' discrimination on the SME,venture capital(VC) restriction on the SME,high barrier of the direct financing,depending on external financing only,scarcity of local government's support.On the basis of the analyzing,the paper brings forwards the countermeasures to solve the SME's financing problem.


This paper analyzes the new lending conditionalities of the Bretton Woods institutions in the area of "governance" in a sample of twenty-five upper tranche arrangements in 1999. It finds that the scope and number of conditions, defined both narrowly and loosely, have expanded. Is this expansion likely to improve the quality of the development process? The paper's findings are negative based on a retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of conditionalities in shaping borrower behavior as well as the content of the current agenda with respect to three important issues: the problems posed by aggregation and trade-offs among conditionalities; the relative emphasis on external versus internal factors; and the temporal dimension of the institutional underpinnings of "good governance." The paper argues that the pessimistic prognosis is further reinforced when taking into account the governance and interests of the IFIs themselves and their consequences on the content and enforcement of conditionalities.


We report measurements of the second-harmonic magneto-optic Kerr effect in both transverse and longitudinal geometries from 100-nm-thick Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19/ films. For the transverse geometry, we observe intensity changes of roughly a factor of 3 upon magnetization reversal. In the longitudinal geometry, the second harmonic Kerr angle is 32.6/spl deg/ for s-incidence and 6.8/spl deg/ for p-incidence. A simple theoretical treatment allows us to compare the relevant second-order susceptibility elements as measured in the two geometries: the element magnitudes and relative phase shifts agree within experimental error.


We investigated the capability of a cavity resonator to obtain the mapping of the microwave conductivity for the strongly correlated materials showing the phase separation near the metal-insulator transition. As shown in Figs. 1(a) and 1(b), a metallic tip mounted on a rod along a cylindrical axis (z axis) of the cavity resonator concentrates the microwave electric field, E, operated at TM010 mode on a point of a sample inserted into the cavity [1]. Thus, by moving the sample on a plane perpendicular to the z axis, the local microwave properties of the sample can be measured as a function of the location on the sample. Experimental results which were obtained at room temperature by using a home-made reference sample strongly suggest that the conductive or dielectric part in the reference sample can be clearly detected by the change of the resonance frequency, as shown in Fig. 1(c).


In this paper, we introduce a tool-supported reverse engineering methodology, called RE4TinyOS to create or update application models from TinyOS programs for the construction of Wireless Sensor Networks. Integrating with an existing model-driven engineering (MDE) environment, use of RE4TinyOS enables the model-code synchronization where any modification made in the TinyOS application code can be reflected into the application model and vice versa. Conducted case studies exemplified this model-code synchronization as well as the capability of creating application models completely from already existing TinyOS applications without models, which is crucial to integrate the implementations of the third party TinyOS applications into the MDE processes. Evaluation results showed that RE4TinyOS succeeded in the reverse engineering of all main parts of two well-known TinyOS applications taken from the official TinyOS Github repository and generated models were able to be visually processed in the MDE environment for further modifications.


A key strategy for understanding a complex phenomenon is to look at its simplest manifestations. The gene structure of E. coli, for example, has contributed significantly to our understanding of gene functioning in more complex organisms. Mystical experiences may represent the simplest form of human consciousness and thus, by the same token, may provide valuable insights into the nature of human consciousness.


In order to solve the problem of the gray wolf algorithm (GWO) in the dynamic programming of UAVs, due to the reduction of the attenuation factor, the individual wolves move to the head wolf area, resulting in poor global convergence effect and low optimization accuracy of the algorithm. A 3D cruise dynamic programming algorithm for UAVs based on the Grey Wolf (IGWO) strategy based on Levi flight and random walk strategy is proposed. Build a three-dimensional model of UAV cruise; weigh factors such as cruise trajectory length, radar area, no-fly threat, and heading change to construct a fitness function; with the help of Levi flight and random walk strategies, it is discussed to find an appropriate solution according to different optimization problems. parameters, to achieve higher-precision optimization, and to ensure the method of the optimization process in the middle and late stages; finally, the dynamic planning algorithm for UAV cruise in complex three-dimensional maps is obtained. Taking the cruise in the designated mission space as an example, the simulation verifies that the IGWO algorithm can make up for the shortcomings of GWO, and the planned path can avoid threats, and it takes time and the path length is small. The experimental results show that it is reasonable and effective to use the IGWO algorithm to perform flight missions in three-dimensional space.


Bioluminescent markers present invention belongs to the field of parasitic diseases, mainly as a near-infrared fluorescent dye synthesized and applied to adult worm fluorescent label. A near infrared fluorescent dye, having a conjugated diene bond structure, more specifically the molecular structure by three ethylenic link, hydrophilic group having a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) and carboxyl (-COOH); and such near infrared fluorescent dyes can be used for imaging fluorescent label from adult. And a near-infrared fluorescent dye design, synthesis and fluorescent label from adult. Passing through the near infrared fluorescent dye is a fluorescent dye conjugated system of light emission located near-infrared region, combined with a sulfonic acid group and a carboxyl group is hydrophilic water soluble modified, such near infrared fluorescent dye for fluorescently labeled adult worm, effectively resolved fluorescence imaging of adult worm differential staining effect, interfering background fluorescence and light permeability is poor.


Abstract A new procedure for oxidation of hydroquinones to quinones using a silica gel supported cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate-NaBrO3 reagent has been developed. This simple, easy to prepare and use, heterogeneous reagent is highly selective towards oxidation of 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes and produces high yields of quinones. Waste generated by using this procedure is minimal.


Three studies were conducted to investigate if children think that physical growth is determined by inheritance. All three studies employed the "switched-at-birth" task. Study 1 investigated if children and adults thought that height and weight were determined by parentage. Study 2 examined preschoolers and elementary school children's and adults' understanding of the role of parentage and nutrition in determining weight. Study 2a examined children's and adults' understanding of the role of parentage and nutrition in determining height. Results indicate that overall, preschoolers and third graders have more of an inheritance bias for height than for weight. However, when nutrition was introduced, apart from third graders, all other grades reasoned that nutrition played a greater role in determining weight. Overall, these results indicate that even young children have a rudimentary but differentiated theory of the role of inheritance in determining height and weight.

Highlights
Participants were presented with switched-at-birth tasks to determine if they thought that parentage and/or nutrition influences height and weight.
Young children viewed height as determined more by parentage than weight, suggesting that they have a differentiated and autonomous theory for the determination of height.


This meta-analysis addressed the research question: In adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), does cognitive rehabilitation improve pragmatic language?

 Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted to identify empirical studies that met inclusion criteria including (a) adults (18 years and older) with TBI, (b) a cognitive-based intervention, and (c) reported quantitative pragmatic language outcome measures data. A meta-analysis was conducted on pragmatic language outcome measures. Cohen's
 d
 and a 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate the intervention effect.

 After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to 640 eligible papers, six studies (
 N
 = 76 participants combined across articles) remained. Results showed that cognitive rehabilitation targeting skills used in communication has a large, positive effect (Cohen's
 d
 = 0.89 [0.54,1.24]) on improving pragmatic language abilities in adults with TBI.

 This meta-analysis provides evidence that cognitive rehabilitative protocols created in collaboration with speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have a significant impact on improving pragmatic language abilities of adults with TBI. This is important for SLPs to consider when determining a treatment approach when working with adults diagnosed with a TBI who have deficits in the area of pragmatic language.


Purpose: As a part of initial and ongoing quality assurance, it is necessary to ensure that changes made after the physician approves a plan will not cause a deviation from original intent. Although plan parameters are electronically transferred, few plans are often prepared per case. Past the physician's approval, the specific plan is further modified, and is manually chosen for transfer in our multi‐vendor environment. During treatment, parameters are also modified by therapists and physicians. We created an automated verification system to document (1) proper TP‐RV parameter transfer of the plan, and (2) constancy of treatment parameters on a weekly basis. Method and Materials: A macro (Excel®, Microsoft, Seattle, WA) gathers the TP (Eclipse®, Varian, Palo Alto, CA) and the RV (MOSAIQ®, IMPAC, Sunnyvale, CA) outputs. The macro registers in each modality patient name, ID, prescription, and field parameters. Field parameters include modality, energy, gantry and collimator angles, couch position and angle, aperture definition (cone size or jaw and MLC leaf positions for all segments), wedge angle, and bolus thickness. The Macro then reviews each Eclipse‐MOSAIQ parameter pair. The number of parameter‐pairs ranges from 30 for a single electron field, to as many as 200,000 pairs for an IMRT plan. Basic plan checks are built into the software, such as ensuring the prescription is complete, all parameters are entered and do not exceed machine limits. Results: Gathering both outputs and conducting the review is usually performed within 5 minutes. Since the Eclipse data is already available during the weekly comparison, retrieving the MOSAIQ portion and reviewing is performed in 2 minutes. Conclusion: The algorithm was used for the past year on about 500 patients. The generated report highlights outliers, allowing the reviewer to consider general plan appropriateness, rather than focus on the minutia of each parameter.


The present study describes and illustrates two newly identified moss species of Brachymenium, endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest of the South and Southeastern regions of Brazil. The first is Brachymenium elimbatum, a medium-sized plant with leaf apex ending in a short to long arista, margins not bordered, plane, entire, costa tapering above and sub-percurrent. The second is Brachymenium sublineare, a medium-sized plant with leaves often asymmetrically curved in the distal half, margins bordered by 1–3 rows of narrow rectangular cells and serrate at distal half, costa short-excurrent, flagelliform branches occasionally present and exostome teeth sub-linear. A key is presented with the most similar Brazilian Brachymenium species.


The development, within the internal controls system, of a network-oriented operational risks' control system has aimed to increase the quality of operational processes as a prerequisite for future cost reduction, through the integration and co-ordination of the three lines of defense framework. The results obtained have confirmed the benefits in both qualitative and economic terms


Abstract : Various techniques for the manufacture to low cost, high reliability core type transformers/inductors for missile system applications were investigated and evaluated. A typical missile C core high voltage inductor and toroidal core high voltage transformer were selected as representative test items. Molding technologies ranged from silicone or slush molds for low quantities, individually pressurizable hard models to liquid injection mold (LIM) with transfer presses. Over 40 encapsulation thermo setting compounds for high reliability components were tested and evaluated. Winding techniques included establishing parameters for damage of fine wire windings on square bobbins, and a method of continuously monitoring insulation integrity of magnet wire during winding operations for both toroid, and bobbin/stick winders. Use of spot bonding instead of mylar tape to hold windings in place during the winding operation was developed to eliminate voids caused by the tape during encapsulation/potting. Using a centrifuge for 5 to 10 minutes to remove bubbles from a poured transformer, then curing at room pressure showed promise over the conventional pressure cure at 500 psi for the required cure time and temperature. High voltage gradient estimation and control to achieve corona-free encapsulation was investigated. Various methods of establishing conductive surfaces for faraday shielding of molded bobbins were evaluated. Molds for casting void free bobbins were made. A method of discharge welding of C core bands under tension, without clips, to achieve a low profile, and eliminate solder creepage was demonstrated.


A method of forming a backside surface passivation layer and a reflection layer in a solar cell is provided to improve light capturing efficiency of solar rays by adding HfO2 or ZrO2 to the reflection layer and HfSixOy ZrSixOy or SiO2 to the backside surface passivation layer. A p-n structure includes a first conductive silicon layer, a second conductive silicon layer, and a p-n junction. The second conductive silicon layer is formed on the first conductive silicon layer. The p-n junction is formed at an interface between the first and second conductive silicon layers. An anti-reflective coating(205) is formed on the second conductive silicon layer to prevent reflection or solar rays. A passivation layer(208) is arranged on the first conductive silicon layer and contains HfSixOy ZrSixOy or SiO2. A backside surface reflection film(207) contains HfO2 or ZrO2. A front electrode(203) passes through the anti-reflective coating and is connected to the second conductive silicon layer. A backside surface electrode(204) passes through the reflection layer and the backside surface passivation layer and is connected to the first conductive silicon layer.


- Device for the connection of two tubular parts of an aircraft turbojet engine. - According to the invention, a rigid ring (31) section at least approximately the shape of an S is accommodated in a recess (32) of the core of the acoustic protection (14) of the rear part (11 R ) of the workpiece (11) and is secured to the latter.


This chapter details the evolving views on homosexuality within Latter-day Saints. For most younger Mormons now who are gay, acceptance is slightly more likely than it was even in the recent past. Their decision to make their sexual identity public has been aided by a more widespread acceptance of homosexuality—not only in American culture more generally, but also within the Mormon subculture. Indeed, Mormon views on homosexuality have undergone a rapid change just within the last decade. Although acceptance among Mormons has not reached majority status, it is double what it was in 2007. This movement is driven in large part by millennials; more than half of Mormon millennials say homosexuality should be accepted. By contrast, only 38 percent of the combined Boomer/Silent Generation feels homosexuality should be accepted by society—a view that is reinforced by many statements from LDS Church leaders, who are themselves of the Silent Generation or even older.


Objective
To compare the applications of four types of bacillus stearothermophilus spore reagents, in order to provide basis for the safe management of surgical instruments.

Methods
From September to December 2015, four types of bacillus stearothermophilus spore reagents that were often used in the disinfection supply center of Jiaozuo People's Hospital of He'nan province were investigated. They were SSI.K31 type bacillus stearothermophilus spore tablet of Beijing Sihuan (common bacterial tablet) , self-contained Bacillus stearothermophilus spore reagent of Beijing Sihuan (48 h self-contained agent) , 1292 biological reagent of American 3M company (3M1292) , and 1492 biological reagent of American 3M company (3M1492) . They were cultured by steam sterilization of 132℃ for 480 seconds. The culture results were obtained at different time according to the different types of reagents. The number of vacuum and sterilization time were adjusted. The spore killing situation was recorded and analyzed.

Results
In the experimental tube culture of four types bacillus stearothermophilus spore reagents, the difference occurred in the common bacterial tablets because they were susceptible to other factors. The culture results of three self-contained reagents were in agreement. The time of common spore tablets was the longest. The time of 3M1492 was the shortest.

Conclusions
For common bacterial tablets, 7 days is needed for the bacterial culture. In the transplantation process there is potential contamination chance, which might result in false positive results. The application of self-contained spore biological reagents can avoid false positive results and it is convenient and fast. The super rapid biological monitoring can interpret monitoring results in the shortest time so that the seamless joint of the surgical instruments can be achieved, which speeds up the turnover and produces higher practical value.

Key words:
Disinfection; Environmental monitoring; Bacillus stearothermophilus; Surgical instruments


The method of Applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the decision method in the fuzzy theory to deal with the problems of judging and selecting the coursewares. It can be widely applied to the judgment to similar multifactors questions with fuzziness.


This study aimed at determining the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria in several land-use changes as an environmental bioindicator. This research was conducted in areas of intensive agriculture (PI), monoculture abandoned old-coffee plantation (KTT), mixed-young coffee plantation (HLS), and secondary forest/reference site (RS) in UB Forest (UBF) area, Malang, Indonesia. Soil samples were taken as a composite at three different points in each area using a soil ring at a depth of 0-20 cm. The 16S rRNA gene was used to determine the community structure, species richness, diversity, and ecological index (Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, ACE) of soil bacteria using the NGS approach. Statistical data were analysed using R and QIIME software. The community structure of soil bacteria at the phylum level displayed the same pattern in all study sites where Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi were the dominant groups. Conversely, the bacterial composition showed differences between study sites at the genus level. Alpha diversity in agricultural areas (PI, KTT, and HLS) was higher than forest area (RS), but it was not followed by bacterial beta diversity. The distinct soil bacteria composition and diversity were influenced by the physicochemical of soil properties in the studied area. Therefore, several bacterial taxa suggested being a potential bioindicator of forest soil degradation due to land-use change in this study. Soil bacterial indicators can be utilized to evaluate or monitor alteration of soil quality in terms of forest restoration or rehabilitation.


A rotating polarizer, multichannel spectroscopic ellipsometer, operating over the spectral range from 1.5 to 4.0 eV, has been employed for process characterization during etching of GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The purpose of this study is to assess the capabilities of this relatively new ellipsometric technique for characterizing III–V semiconductor materials, surfaces, and interfaces during preparation and processing. In this work, each pair of ellipsometric spectra, {Ψ(hν),Δ(hν)} is acquired in 3 s with a repetition period of 16 s. Such spectra are analyzed by well‐established linear regression techniques to deduce the time evolution of photon energy independent parameters. In the simplest case of sputter etching with Ar ions, the damage layer thickness, composition, and an estimate of surface temperature of the material can be obtained. For the heterostructures, instantaneous etch rates for both GaAs and AlGaAs can be obtained under identical conditions, and the extent of ion‐induced intermi...


Government is enforcing the citizens to link Aadhaar details with various government services to provide services to right beneficiaries. At the same time resident of India are worried about their privacy and security. In recent months, many cases of fraudulent increased the worry of all citizens. The Aadhaar project is the largest biometric identity project, a great initiative taken by the Planning Commission of India in 2009.The project has taken care of all aspects of privacy protection and security issues. Then after the fraudulent and theft of identity related issues keep on taking place. In this paper, various security measures are discussed which can be implemented to be safe from insider's attacks. Authentication, Authorization, Data Encryption, Security against various attacks are the key levels of data and information security in the Hadoop environment. In recent years, various efforts made to manage more effectively each and every level of security. Kerberos is one such effort in order to attain Authentication and Authorization and it succeeded in doing so, but with the attackers having new technologies and hacking tools attackers can easily bypass the security provided by Hadoop's Kerberos Authentication system and then the data at storage level is unencrypted can easily be stolen or damaged which is a big concern. A new encryption technique to secure data in HDFS environment is the combination of AES and Map Reduce. It performs encryption in parallel using AES-MR (an Advanced Encryption standard based encryption using Map Reduce) technique in Map Reduce paradigm. To provide network security Quantum Cryptography and Biometric based Security solution using BB84 protocol is suggested protocol. This paper also explained the various suggested algorithms and security measure to implement on the Network level security Layer, Database level Security Layer and Application Level security Layer.


Breast cancer cT1-4N0M0 patients usually require a sentinel lymph node biopsy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy with indocyanine green fluorescence detection is a modern technique with a high lymph node detection rate. However, the false-negative rate was not evaluated adequately. Our objective was to determine node detection rate and the false-negative rate. 99 patients with 100 cases of breast cancer cT1-4N0M0 were operated on. The axillary part of an operation consisted of indocyanine green fluorescence-guided SLN biopsy and an axillary lymphadenectomy of levels I-II or I-П-Ш. A signal lymph node was detected in 98 cases (98 %). In 28 (28.6%) cases out of 98, metastases in signal lymph nodes were found. Other than sentinel lymph node had metastatic lesion only in 35.7% in SLN N+ cases. False negative result occurred in 1 case of 28 (3.6%). The application of indocyanine green fluorescence-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy in cN0 breast cancer patients allows for a high signal lymph node detection rate and a low false negative rate.


Objective To investigate the epidemic feature of pediatric AR and correlative risk factors in Zibo.Methods A questtionnaire survey on allergic rhinitis was conducted among 6548 elementary school children in seventeen schools,aged from 10 to 11 years old,by random cluster sampling,from Aug.to Dec.,2005 in Zibo.Suspects of allergic rhinitis,as identified by the survey,were recommended to specialist examinations for accurate diagnosis.Diagnosis criteria of allergic rhinitis were that of ARIA.Results 6224 questtionnaires were returned.The response rate was 95% and 6148 questtionnaires were available.The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis in children aged from 10 to 11 is 3.7% in Zibo.The difference of prevalence between female(4.6%) and male(2.7%) was insignificant statistically.According to classification criteria AR of Lanzhou in 2004,perennial rhinitis is 33.8%,pollinosis is 66.2%.mild cases of AR 78.1%,moderate-severe cases of AR 21.9%.35.1% of children with AR had inherent predispostion.15.9% patients with AR had bronchial asthma.29.4% patients with AR had history of domestic decoration before they suffered from AR in 1 year.16.7% patients has had treated.Conclusion The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis in children aged from 10 to 11 is 3.7% in Zibo.The prevalence rate of country is 2.5% and city is 4.1%.Some factors led to AR.Domestic decoration and inherent predisposition were two important factors in the induction of AR.Fewer patients with AR of Zibo were treated.


The present work unites and generalizes results of Melokumov and Karpov (2001) and Schukin (1999). We research mutual dependence of criteria determining strategy of hedging, and we construct a Pareto set by these criteria. Thus we use properties of function of the price option, formulated below in Schukin.


Zero-tolerance policies have proliferated throughout American school districts in the past ten years. This case is focused on a special needs student who unintentionally violates the district's zero-tolerance policy for weapons at school. Designed to proffer students an opportunity to discuss the development of policy, legal and instructional implications of zero-tolerance as well as workable solutions to a complicated problem, the case study has several other dimensions including the IDEA, instructional best practice, ethics and school public relations.


Methods: Blood samples and AVs from 97 patients (24 women) with severe AR undergoing AV replacement were analysed. ECM remodelling was assessed by RT-PCR, western blot and ELISA in AVs. VICs isolated from 4 women and 2 men matched for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiac function were treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. ECM proteins, VICs activation markers and osteogenic molecules were measured.


We investigate ranges of ternary algebraic functions in lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras, where we give a characterization of algebraic functions whose ranges are intervals and we retrieve a canonical form of functions over three-element ternary lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras, a result due to Gr. C. Moisil, one of the founders of switching theory [Moi57]. In the second part of this paper we show that in a Noetherian or Artinian lattice distributivity and boundedness are implied by the condition that every algebraic functions has an interval as its range; this is actually a characterization of boundedness and distributivity in the class of lattices that have finite chains.


Abstract Paper in contact with an electrode during anodic polarization alters the critical anodic current density (Ic) as a result of changes in ionic concentration at the paper-metal interface. This phenomenon appears to be related to crevice corrosion and offers a method for studying electrochemical processes occurring in shielded areas.


Huagrahuasi is a community located at northwest of Toacaso parish belonging to Latacunga canton, Cotopaxi province, in the central highlands of the country in the foothills of the Andes mountain range next to "Los Ilinizas" Ecological Reserve. In Ecuador plants have been used for medicine for many years, their practices have contributed significantly to population health; This ancestral practice constitutes a rich cultural legacy that is transmitted from generation to generation, which the objective of the research is to describe the utilitarian value of medicinal species of Huagrahuasi community, Toacaso parish COVID-19 time. The material and methods used in the research is qualitative in narrative approach as types of research were used; descriptive, bibliographic and field that includes the study and use of medicinal plants, according to the stories of people in the community, interviews were applied to Messrs. Miguel Ninasunta and Saul Pincha, who were confirmed COVID -19 by PCR tests and used the benefits of medicinal plants, instruments such as forms, recordings and photographs were also used so as not to lose details of the wealth of obtained information. As a result medicinal plants have been used for several generations by people of wisdom, either complete or in parts root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruit; the most used are the root and the leaves. According to their criteria, they are classified as fresh and warm plants which have allowed to counteract the symptoms of COVID-19 The most common preparation technique is infusion by oral route administration used with higher frequency. The present investigation allowed to assess the richness of medicinal plants and the wealth of ancestral wisdom. Knowledge that was strengthened with these valuable experiences that allows helping more people in the community.


Prodn. of a thermoadhesive lining comprises:- (a) adhering a textile support (2) on a conveyor belt (100); (b) depositing dotwise a sublayer (4) of polymers on the textile support by means of a first rotating drum (112); (c) depositing a top layer (5) of thermoadhesive polymers having a dot distribution identical to that of the sublayer by means of a second rotating drum (113); (d) separating the coated textile support (2,4,5) from the conveyor belt and (e) passing the textile support through a continuous drying oven and then cooling. Also claimed is the obtd. lining.


Atherosclerosis, especially, the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease is exposed to attension the relations of chronic inflammations and it's bio-maker. On the other hand, whether increased hs-CRP levels are also associated with PWV to indicate the development of symptomatic peripheral artery disease is unknown, and there are a few reports. In examination of 281 examples (age : 64.3±10.0) PWV, ABI and hs-CRP with other clinical test's, such as BP, BMI, MBP, smoking and alcohol drinking rate, TC, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C were compared and estimated. As a results, PWV was positively related to BMI and there were depend on age and BP respectively, in constant, PWV and serum lipid levels was a little relevance. In hs-CRP positive group, obesity and smoking rate were high, and these indicated low-HDL-C nemia/hyper-TG nemia, furthermore the complication of ischemic heart disease were high frequency. Although there were not recognized a correlation with PWV and hs-CRP Accodingly, it is thought that PWV and hs-CRP in atherosclerosis separate from each clinical risk factors, and the findings of serum TC levels may be concerned with the secondary participations to these pathogenesis. Key words


Hip-hop culture serves as a space to correct, prescribe, make known, and show up. Additionally, it offers its users opportunities to do what other spaces cannot, and that is to present a remix of a previously accepted script. Reintroduction can help Black lives, survive, dismantle, and escape systems of thinking that render them invisible and unheard. In this conceptually grounded manuscript, I discuss intergroup dialogue (IGD), with particular attention to IGD pedagogy. Though an important pedagogical strategy in and outside of higher education, IGD pedagogy may be operating to stifle the full expression of Black participants. By way of intervention, I point to possibilities within hip-hop feminism and hip-hop aesthetics to assist educators and facilitators in reimagining IGD pedagogical practice.


We investigate the use of different surface orientations for collaborative design tasks. Specifically, we compare horizontal and vertical surface orientations used by dyads performing a collaborative design task while standing. We investigate how the display orientation influences group participation including face-to-face contact, total discussion, and equality of physical and verbal participation among participants. Our results suggest that vertical displays better support face-to-face contact whereas side-byside arrangements encourage more discussion. However, display orientation has little impact on equality of verbal and physical participation, and users do not consistently prefer one orientation over the other. Based on our findings, we suggest that further investigation into the differences between horizontal and vertical orientations is warranted.


The purpose of this paper is to try to understand Ernest Hemingway's style by delving into his religious experiences since his childhood. Conversion from Protestantism to Catholicism may have been a major influence on his aesthetic and/or theory of play and poetry. His way of thinking is most discernible in the works of Green Hills of Africa and Death in the Afternoon. Therefore these two works serve as the main sources for this paper. Apart from his religious experiences, he must have been influenced by his contemporary poets and critics such as Ezra Pound. This paper also tries to find out how these influences led Hemingway to come up with his unique concept of the fifth dimension, which T. S. Eliot described as being the "void" or the "nothing." Unless and until we can understand his fifth dimension, a radical religious possibility, it is very difficult to savor Hemingway's profound philosophical essence in his works.


ABSTRACT Transformation of social-ecological systems due to climate change requires, transformative adaptation responses. We propose the concept of nature's contribution to adaptation (NCA; previously called adaptation services), to reveal properties of ecosystems that provide options for future livelihoods and adaptation to transformative change. Knowledge about the capacity of ecosystems to supply NCA can inform decisions by revealing options for adaptation. We analysed eight historical and contemporary case studies of transformative adaptation and found that the five cases with medium-high degree of adaptation and use of NCA showed evidence of participative learning and co-production of adaptation options, low values contestation, low power imbalances and well-developed governance arrangements. These variables indicated that communities engaged in adaptation had ownership and agency to change how they thought and acted to implement transformative adaptation. We found the use of NCAs enabled transformative adaptation by helping people overcome current decision constraints imposed by societal values, institutional rules, or knowledge deficits to create novel options and re-frame decision contexts. The NCA concept can be applied to (1) help resolve uncertainties about nature's contributions to people under environmental change; (2) reveal ecosystem properties of value for adaptation, but which are marginalised in current, dominant knowledge frameworks and decision-making; (3) act as a 'boundary object' for participative learning and co-production of adaptation options. Thus, the NCA concept represents a pragmatic, optimistic approach for societal adaptation to ecosystem transformation, countering feelings of despair that accompany the acceptance of irreversible, unavoidable loss of current ecosystem states and associated nature's contributions to people.


This paper reviews the research and application development of ceramic injection molding in recent years.The research progress is discussed from the respective of ceramic powder surface modification,new water solvent debinding,catalytic debinding,injection processing simulation and miro injection molding.In addition,the application of ceramic injection molding in various fields is introduced such as vehicle,photo-communication,medicine,industry and everyday use.Finally,the growing trend of ceramic injection molding is prospected.


We may derive a measure of solace in the knowledge that even though anesthesia may one day become so safe, through the application of better agents and predictive monitoring devices, as to warrant the attention mostly of technically able personnel supervised by physicians-that we shall nevertheless still have a role to play in the intensive care of critically ill patients everywhere. This is a trend resented or denied by some of the older generation of anesthetists, but we are witnessing its rapid evolution in the aspirations of many young people training in Anesthesia today. They are attracted to the field mainly by the prospect of caring for people who are desperately ill. And the reward comes from witnessing recovery and restoration of people to a meaningful existence as contrasted with what at one time might have been the fatal outcome. BIBLIOGRAPHY


One problem in the design of TeV hadron colliders arises from the choice of the radio frequency. To produce economically the short bunches needed during collision, a high frequency (400 MHz or more) is essential. On the other hand, in the injector chain at lower energies, lower frequencies are generally preferred to alleviate space charge and instability problems and, partially also, for historical reasons. The classical solution is to transform the bunch structure by passing via a debunched beam state, during which the whole machine circumference becomes filled with particles and the beam is subjected to induced parasitic fields and is often prone to microwave instabilities. Bunch merging and bunch splitting have therefore been developed as alternative methods that allow the number of bunches to be changed without passing via that state. Bunch merging has been used in the CERNPS since 1989 for the anti-proton production beam. The reverse process of bunch splitting was first proposed in the frame of the CERN injector complex for LHC, as a means of quasi- adiabatically changing the time structure of the beam, increasing the number of bunches from four at low energy in the PS Booster to 16 at high energy in the PS. When the CERN accelerator complex re-started in March 1998, this technique became a routine operation. New plans are now being considered to replace the debunching-rebunching process that is still needed at 26 GeV/c in the PS to generate the train of 84 bunches required by the SPS and LHC. The experience gained in the application of bunch merging and splitting techniques is reviewed in this paper together with the extensions now envisaged and the analysis of the expected advantages with respect to the more classical process of debunching-rebunching.


[Objective]To observe the effect of long-term exposure of low-dose radiation on workers so as to ensure their health,and provide basic information for the diagnosis of occupational diseases.[Methods]Prospective study was adopted to observe medical X-ray workers in Dalian City for 4 years.The internal changes and influencing factors were studied,selecting workers without radiation exposure for control study.[Results]The indicators such as neurasthenic syndrome,the incidence of hand injuries,eye lens opacity rate,peripheral blood,abnormal rate of micronucleus and chromosome aberration rate of medical X-ray workers were significantly higher than those of control group,the differences were significant.[Conclusion]Long-term exposure of low-dose radiation has a certain effect on workers' health.It is important to strengthen radiological protection,to regular health monitoring,to implement the "Occupational Disease Prevention Law",and ensure the health and safety of radiation workers.


A shock tube employing interferometric and schlieren techniques is used to study transient base flow phenomena following shock wave passage over two plane bluff bodies: a hemicircular cylinder and a cylinder with the Galileo Jovian probe profile. An attempt is made to understand the physics of transition from transient to steady state flow, and to provide code verification for a study employing the Illiac IV computer. Transient base flow interactions include a series of shock diffraction, regular, and Mach reflections, coupled with boundary layer development, separation, and recompression. Vorticity generation and transport underlie these features. The quantitative verification of the computer code includes comparisons of transient pressure and density fields, near wake geometries, and bow shock standoff distances.


Like soap and cigarette manufacturers, publishing houses now have active competition among their own products. Saunders has two Big Books of clinical pathology running concurrently: the present volume, and the Todd-Sanford Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods , edited by Davidsohn and Henry. The two are altogether comparable in size and price. The titles provide an important clue to each book's goal. Davidsohn and Henry's title page emphasizes Clinical Diagnosis , while Lynch et al stress the words Medical Laboratory Technology . By implication, the former is for the physician, the interpreter; the latter for the technologist, the doer. To a considerable degree this premise is true; more detailed and more numerous technical sections will be found in Lynch's book. A more important reason for Lynch et al's success is the skill with which the authors combine theoretical material with practical details. Pressures of space require all multidiscipline laboratory books to adopt a compact,


1.0 Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO, 2010) defines alcohol abuse as the irresponsible use of alcoholic drinks that results in ill health and general malfunction to the abuser. The WHO reiterates that the global alcohol abuse has reached alarming levels with an estimation of 2 billion (33%) people worldwide consuming alcoholic beverages. Alcohol abuse is considerably rampant among teachers as evidenced by various prevalence studies. In the United Kingdom, a survey by the National Heads Association (2007), reported that up to 25% of teachers were engaging in alcohol abuse (Calhoun & Warren, 2007). In Botswana, South Africa and Malawi, alcohol abuse among teachers was reported to be leading to high mortality among teachers and thus hampering the provision of quality education (WHO, 2010). Studies in Kenya such as TSC (2009) and Chege (2013) investigated and found high prevalence of alcohol abuse among teachers. Studies have been conducted among public school teachers that explored mainly the causes and effects of alcohol abuse. A study conducted in Great Britain found better educated individuals are better at managing risky behaviours such as alcohol abuse by stopping or keeping consumption low before the problem worsens (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2011; Thombs, & Osborn, 2013). The study by Caldwell et al. (2008) and Houston et al. (2014), indicated that education was negatively associated with heavy drinking. Teachers enter the profession at different levels depending on the level of education. Some are deployed to primary schools and others to secondary schools. Ahmed (2012) opined that lack of knowledge about the effects of alcohol abuse, education and income influenced alcohol abuse among people. Therefore, there is a need to identify the underlying causes on level of education among teachers that contributes to alcohol abuse. The level of education imparts self-worth among teachers with regards to recognition and responsibilities given to the teachers. Educational achievements can influence alcohol use and abuse among teachers. According to Yoruk & Yoruk (2012), a correlation exists between education levels and alcohol abuse and that alcohol abuse is frequently accompanied by mental health challenges. In Ghana, people take alcohol to manage problems while others take alcohol to enhance work performance (Akwasi, 2013). In Uganda, it was reported that over consumption of alcohol affects a teacher's job and career where by it causes poor performance, neglect and loss of jobs (Rukundo & Magambo, 2013). In Kenya, Oteyo and Kariuki (2009) found that most of the respondents with a lower educational ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: 30 July 2018; Received in revised form: 28 September 2018; Accepted: 9 October 2018;


This paper proposes a fully distributed coordination control in islanded DC microgrids in order to minimize the generation cost. It consists of tertiary and secondary control levels to optimize load sharing between distributed generations (DGs). A normalized running cost is proposed as a comprehensive method for solving economic dispatch problem (EDP) of DC microgrids. Through dynamic consensus protocol, tertiary control level equalizes DGs normalized costs to adjust the output power of each DG at the optimum point while satisfying the inequality constraint. Secondary control level regulates the average voltage across the microgrid. Therefore, the generation-demand equality constraint can be well maintained. Simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed controller with different operating conditions and prove its resiliency against communication link loss, and DGs failures.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to define intuitionistic fuzzy 2-absorbing semiprimary ideals and to give their properties. Also, we represent image and inverse image of intuitionistic fuzzy 2-absorbing semiprimary ideal. Furthermore, we provide some properties of cartesian product and give equivalent case for IF2ASPI.


A rapid method of typing adenoviruses by immunoelectron microscopy is discribed. This emphasizes the value of an electron microscope in diagnostic virology, especially when a rapid result is required in epidemiology.


Physically modified rices were prepared by heat/moisture-treatment and its application for sikhe preparation was examined. The modified rice starch showed decreases in swelling, viscosity and enthalpies of gelatinization. But gelatinization temperature was increased by the treatment. The rate of saccharification for sikhe with the heat/moisture-treated rice autoclaved at 15 psi, for 1 hr was twice higher than the untreated rice. Brix in sikhe of the untreated rice saccharified for 2 hrs was 8.2, whereas sikhe made with rice autoclaved for 1 hr was 8.7 only after 1 hour of saccharification. However. there was no difference in sugar composition analyzed by HPLC between both of them.


Pedro Pablo A. Funari carried out research in amphora studies in Roman Britain in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He was interested in the epigraphy (painted inscriptions and stamps) on the most common amphora in the Isles, which was the Baetican Dressel 20. His scholarship supposed an important change in the way amphorae were studied in the United Kingdom and influenced later scholars and research. The present paper attempts to overview his contribution in amphora research in Roman Britain, and how those studies have evolved in the last 20 years. Of course, there are new data available, but also alternative approaches in terms of methodology and interpretation.


Physiological resorption of the deciduous canine is essential for the eruption of permanent canines. Persistent deciduous canine lead to greater medial inclination of the permanent canine germ and deviation in the normal eruption path of the lower permanent canine. The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate the correlation between persistent mandibular deciduous canines and the retention of permanent canines. The axis inclination of the lower permanent canine germ of more than 25 degrees in relation to the median line and the deciduous canine, as well as the delay in resorption of one in relation to the opposite deciduous canine are indications of the altered eruption path even in children with early mixed dentition. In the presented clinical cases early extraction of the deciduous canine leads to improvement and better positioning of permanent canines. The extraction of the persistent deciduous canine in the permanent dentition with a formed root of an impacted tooth makes it harder to alter the path of the canine tooth. Timely diagnosis of impaction likelihood of permanent canines and extraction of temporary ones in early mixed dentition by reserving the space for the permanent canine is seen as a preventive measure for altering eruption paths.


We present a detailed chemical abundance study of three red horizontal branch and two red giant branch stars in the metal-rich globular cluster NGC 6637 (M69). The value of [Fe/H] derived from LTE calculations is $-$0.77 $\pm$ 0.02 dex. We also discuss the anticorrelation between oxygen and sodium abundances in the program stars and compare the [Si/Ti] ratio of NGC 6637 with those of other globular clusters.


Abstract : Analysis of three atmospheric phenomena (squall line over the Gulf of Mexico on 9 April 1984, Hurricane Kamisy in the Indian Ocean 7-12 April 1984, and the Mauna Loa volcano smoke plume, Hawaii 7-12 April 1984) is performed using handheld-camera photographs from the Space Transportation System (STS) 41-C mission (6-13 April 1984). High resolution color photographs taken of the earth from the Space Shuttle Challenger were made available from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through the Space Shuttle Earth Observations Project (SSEOP). Comparison is made to collocated meteorological satellite images (DMSP, AVHRR and GOES) and conventional meteorological data to illustrate the advantages and deficiencies of these new high resolution photographic data. (Author)


was observed when direct infusion of reference compounds was made at this skimmer potential, thus that maxi-mum sensitivity is obtained. For sphingomyelin, the collision energy and tube lens values were obtained through compound optimization. For ceramides, tuned values for the tube lens were used, and application of uni- versal 28 – 30 V of continuous extraction gave the best [M+H] + → 264 or 266 product ion fragments for all of the ceramides. gas was used for collisionally induced dissociations in Q2, which was offset from Q1 by 10 V. SRM scans were acquired by setting Q1 and Q3 to pass the precursor [M+H] + and product ions 184 for sphingomyelin and 264 or 266 for ceramides containing sphingosine and sphinganine, respectively. The acquisition parameters common to all ana-lytes were scan width (mass/charge ratio), 0.050 D; scan time, 0.10 s for each transition; peak width (full width half maximum), 0.70 D for both Q1 and Q3; and collision pressure, 1.5 mTorr. For experiments conducted in SRM mode, a segmented tandem MS method was constructed based on the chromatographic retention times of the sphingolipids. For each class of sphingolipids such as ceramides and sphingomyelins, two or three methods were built, and, in each method, only fi ve to six analyte SRM transitions were present that also included the respective ceramide or sphingomyelin internal standard precursor-to-product ion transitions. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Data acquisition and analysis were accomplished using Xcalibur software version 2.0.5 (Thermo Electron Corp.).


of theological method in Aquinas (p. 193; see also pp. 57 and 173). But this is not sufficient. Farthing should have acknowledged that Biel's recurrent critique of the supposed ' positive ' use of reason in Aquinas is beside the point and that, by thinking that Thomas is trying to ' demonstrate ' the faith, Biel has carelessly dismissed much that is interesting and valuable in Aquinas. By bringing Biel's error to the fore, Farthing would have made clear to the reader that in this crucial respect, the dialogue between these two thinkers has completely broken down.


OBJECTIVES: Since 1967, the Ross procedure has been performed to treat aortic valve disease using homografts for pulmonary valve replacement. The decellularized Matrix P R prosthesis was developed to overcome (some) limitations of homografts. Until now, the longterm outcome data have been unavailable. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2010, the Ross procedures using the Matrix P prosthesis were performed in 492 adult patients (mean age 57.2 ± 10.6 years, range 21–73 years) at our institution. Patient data were prospectively collected and analysed (3617.3 patient-years, mean follow-up 7.7 ± 4.3 years). Completeness of follow-up at 1, 5 and 10 years was 98.4%, 94.5% and 91.0%, respectively. C O N V EN TI O N A L V A LV E O P ER A TI O N S VC The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 55 (2019) 885–892 ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezy377 Advance Access publication 1 December 2018 D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /ejcts/arti/5/885/5224507 by gest on 25 O cber 2021 RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 3.9% (n = 19). During follow-up, 121 patients died resulting in a survival rate at 5, 10 and 12.5 years of 82.8 ± 1.7%, 70.4 ± 2.3% and 62.4 ± 2.9%, respectively. Echocardiography revealed a high incidence of relevant dysfunction of the Matrix P prosthesis and subsequent right ventricular failure. Primary reoperation/reintervention was necessary for 150 Matrix P and 48 autografts. Freedom from pulmonary valve reoperation at 5, 10 and 12.5 years was 76.2 ± 2.1%, 58.6 ± 2.9% and 53.4 ± 3.4%, respectively. The autograft function and the left ventricular function showed similar results as previously reported with a freedom from autograft reoperation at 5, 10 and 12.5 years of 91.8 ± 1.4%, 86.1 ± 2.0% and 86.1 ± 2.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Matrix P prosthesis used for the right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in the Ross procedure showed unfavourable long-term echocardiographic results with a high rate of reoperation/reintervention for structural pulmonary valve failure. As a consequence, long-term survival of this patient cohort was impaired. Based on these findings, the use of the Matrix P prosthesis for pulmonary valve replacement for Ross procedures in adults should not be recommended.


On Feb 1, 2003, the Shuttle Columbia was lost during its return to Earth. As a result of the conclusion that debris impact caused the damage to the left wing of the Columbia Space Shuttle Launch Vehicle (SSLV) during ascent, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) recommended that an assessment be performed of the complete debris environment experienced by SSLV during ascent. Eliminating the possibility of debris is not possible; therefore, a flight rationale based on probabilistic assessment is required for the SSLV return-to-flight (RTF). A probabilistic analysis tool, based on the SwRI-developed NESSUS probabilistic analysis software, predicts the probability of impact and damage to the space shuttle wing leading edge and thermal protection system components. Among other parameters, the likelihood of unacceptable damage depends on the time of release (Mach number of the orbiter) and the divot mass as well as the impact velocity and impact angle. A typical result is visualized in the figures below. Probability of impact and damage, as well as the sensitivities thereof with respect to the distribution assumptions, can be computed and visualized at each point on the orbiter or summarized per wing panel or tile zone.


Procedures for High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) are under development that will identify and quantify fermentable material contained in pretreated peat liquors. Several of the model compounds hypothesized to be a product of peat pretreatment have been identified with HPLC and confirmed with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). However, there are numerous unknown peaks of other products for which elution times and extinction coefficients must be determined in order to make HPLC a quantitative analytical tool for kinetic data.


Electromagnetically neutral dark sector particles may feebly interact with photons through higher dimensional effective operators, such as mass-dimension 5 magnetic and electric dipole moment, and a mass-dimension 6 anapole moment and charge radius operators. In this work, we use hypercharge gauge field form factors to treat dark states, which will induce not only electromagnetic form factors but also the corresponding $Z$ boson operators. Taking a Dirac fermion $\chi$ as an example, we investigate the probes of searching for such dark states at current and future $e^+e^-$ collider experiments including BESIII, STCF, Belle II and CEPC via monophoton searches. Comparing to current experiments, we find that electron colliders including BESIII, STCF, Belle II, which operate with the center-of-mass at several GeV, have leading sensitivity on the corresponding electromagnetic form factors for the mass-dimension 5 operators with dark states lighter than several GeV, while they can not provide competitive upper limits for the mass-dimension 6 operators. Future CEPC operated with the center-of-mass on and beyond the mass of $Z$-boson with competitive luminosity can probe the unexplored parameter space for dark states with mass-dimension 5 (6) operators in the mass region of $m\lesssim 100 $ GeV (10 MeV $\lesssim m\lesssim 100 $ GeV).


Five experiments were conducted to examine the interaction between alternative disparities, using several simple stereograms consisting of a few identical vertical lines. The cumulative time of stereopsis-disappearance was measured. It was found that the time of stereopsis-disappearance increased, (a) as the disparity increased in the single line condition (local stereopsis), (b) as the lateral separation between two lines decreased in the Panum's limiting case as well as in the 2 line condition (global stereopsis), (c) as the difference of disparities increased in the 2 line con dition, or (d) when the test line was in the middle rather than in the sides in the 3 line condi tion. These results can be consistently explained by supposing the inhibitory effects from the false targets to the true targets, inversely proportional to the distance between them, in the binocular network.


Four new species of Synotaxus Simon are described and illustrated based on material from northern and northeastern Brazil: S. brescoviti n. sp., S. bonaldoi n. sp., S. siolii n. sp. and S. itabaiana n. sp. New records are presented for S. longicaudatus (Keyserling), S. monoceros (Caporiacco) and S. waiwai Agnarsson. A map with all species records included is provided.


Dengue is a tropical arboviral infection associated with inducing mania in a few cases. Flaviviridae (including Dengue virus)with itsepigenetic influences throughhistone deacetylase (HDAC) may lead to symptom manifestations. Valproate and quetiapine have HDAC inhibitory property and may have pathophysiologically relevant effects in curtailing these symptoms.


The invention relates to Ga-based liquid alloy with low-temperature fluidity, a preparation process and a thermometer, and aims to provide the Ga-based liquid alloy with the low-temperature fluidity and the preparation process for the Ga-based liquid alloy to reduce 'pre-solidification' temperature of the liquid alloy, improve low-temperature viscosity of the liquid alloy and guarantee normal use and storage of a liquid alloy device in a low-temperature environment. According to a scheme, the Ga-based liquid alloy with the low-temperature fluidity comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60-80% of Ga, 9-22% of Im, 5-18% of Sn, 0.5-4% of Bi and 0.2-1.5% of Ag. The Ga-based liquid alloy is widely applied to aspects of mercury substitution in the field of medical appliances, key refrigerating media in the field of highly sophisticated refrigeration and the like.


Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been widely used for the deposition of various types of nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Here, we report the results of experiments that show that the interactions between deposited and suspended nanotubes during the deposition process can considerably affect the dynamics and the final results of the deposition. Semiperiodic stripes of nanotubes bridging two electrodes are formed from solutions containing no surfactant. The periodicity of the patterns depends on the geometry of the electrodes. Finite-element method simulations are used to explain the mechanisms underlying the observed experimental outcomes. The pattern formation is shown to be related to the mutual effects of CNTs on each other. The reason lies in the changes in the electric field as a result of deposition of CNTs. These changes directly alter the DEP force field and, therefore, the way the CNTs are guided. The extent of effectiveness of the electrothermal force, which turns out to be substantial for some solutions, is also investigated, and it is shown that although in some situations the heat generated by the current passing through the nanotubes considerably increases this force, the DEP force remains dominant when a surfactant-free solution is used.


We explored the potential role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) in stevioside‐mediated renoprotection using rhabdomyolysis‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) model in rats. Rhabdomyolysis refers to intense skeletal muscle damage, which further causes AKI. Glycerol (50% w/v, 8 ml/kg) was injected intramuscularly in rats to induce rhabdomyolysis. After 24 hr, AKI was demonstrated by quantifying serum creatinine, urea, creatinine clearance, microproteinuria, and electrolytes in rats. Further, oxidative stress was measured by assaying thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, generation of superoxide anion, and reduced glutathione levels. Additionally, serum creatine kinase (CK) level was assayed to determine glycerol‐induced muscle damage in rats. Pathological changes in rat kidneys were studied using hematoxylin–eosin and periodic acid Schiff staining. Moreover, the expression of apoptotic markers (Bcl‐2, Bax) in rat kidneys was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Stevioside (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) was administered to rats, prior to the induction of AKI. In a separate group, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE, 30 mg/kg), a PPAR‐γ receptor antagonist was given prior to stevioside administration, which was followed by rhabdomyolysis‐induced AKI in rats. The significant alteration in biochemical and histological parameters in rats indicated AKI, which was attenuated by stevioside treatment. Pretreatment with BADGE abrogated stevioside‐mediated renoprotection, which is suggestive of the involvement of PPAR‐γ in its renoprotective effect. In conclusion, stevioside protects against rhabdomyolysis‐induced AKI, which may be attributed to modulation of PPAR‐γ expression.


SUMMARY This paper presents a numerical prediction of the formation of Goertler vortices on a concave surface with suction and blowing. Suction stabilizes the boundary layer flow on the surface, whereas blowing destabilizes the flow. The criterion on the position marking the onset of Goertler vortices is defined in the present paper. For facilitating the numerical study, the computation is carried out in the transformed x ‐h plane. The results show that the onset position characterized by the Goertler number depends on the local suction:blowing parameter, the Prandtl number and the wavenumber. The value of the critical Goertler number increases with the increase in suction, while the value of the Goertler number decreases with the increase in blowing. Both the experimental and the numerical data can be correlated by Gu10.2(a%u)* 3:2 without suction and blowing and by a simple relation G* (G* )g 0 e g with suction and blowing. The obtained critical Goertler number and wavenumber are in good agreement with the previous experimental data. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare rowing technique on the dynamic RowPerfect ergometer with a single scull. Eight national‐level rowers performed on both the RowPerfect ergometer and in a single scull over 500 m, at rates of 24, 26, and 28 strokes/minute. Blade force and oar angle (on‐water) and handle force and stroke length (on the ergometer) were measured. Both force and stroke angle/length were normalised from 0 to 100 (where 100 was the peak value). Body positions of the subjects at both the catch and finish of each of these rowing strokes were also compared for each stroke rate. The coefficient of multiple determination (CMD) was used to measure the consistency of force curves over a sample of five sequential strokes for each rower. Cross‐correlations were performed between the left‐ and right‐ side on‐water sculling force curves and a mean of these values with the ergometer curve for each rower. Stroke angle/length, which did not vary with rate, was similar for both forms of rowing. The CMDs showed a high consistency across the normalised strokes of each subject (≈0.98). Cross‐correlation values of 0.91, 0.92, and 0.93 were recorded between the force curves from the ergometer and on‐water trials for stroke rates of 24, 26, and 28 strokes/minute, respectively. The mean trunk, thigh and lower leg angles at the catch and finish of the stroke were also similar across the stroke rates as determined by t‐tests. Results indicate that technique used on the RowPerfect ergometer was similar to that for on‐water sculling, thus validating its use in off‐water training.


The desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizzii) is listed as threatened by the USA Fish and Wildlife Service and population declines continue to occur throughout most of their range. This species' low reproductive rate, combined with the advanced age at which they reach sexual maturity, makes them vulnerable to multiple threats. Although assisted reproductive technologies can enhance breeding of many species, they are not widely used in tortoises. The objective of this study was to identify effective sperm cryopreservation protocols for the desert tortoise and possibly to other members of Testudinidae. We compared the effects of various concentrations of the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol (6-20%) using 3 freezing devices at 4 freeze rates (CryoCooler, Ops Diagnostics, 2.3°C/m, 6.4°C/m; CryoMed, Thermo Scientific, 0.3°C/m or 1.0°C/m; and CoolCell, Biocision, 1.0°C/m) on several sperm parameters. Sperm was collected postmortem from the vas deferens of 9 individuals and tested either individually (n=2), combined into 1 pool of 3 individuals, or 2 pools of 2 individuals. Sperm was extended in TEST-yolk buffer. Initial motility score (IMS;% motile×speed of progression2), plasma membrane integrity (IPL), and acrosome integrity (IAC) were recorded before cryoprotectant addition and freezing. For each treatment group, triplicate vials were thawed at 37°C for 60s. Cryoprotectant was removed by centrifugation and the sperm pellet was resuspended in M199+HEPES. Sperm were evaluated immediately following resuspension (T0), as well as 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes postincubation at 22°C. All data were expressed as a percentage of initial (%IMS,%IPL, and%IAC). A sperm quality index (SQI) was calculated as (%IMS ×%IPL ×%IAC)/1,000, giving equal weight to each indicator of cryosurvival. The effects of freeze method on%IMS,%IPL,%IAC, and SQI were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. The effect of freeze method was significant at T0 and T60, with the 16% DMSO, 6.4°C/m method resulting in the highest%IMS at T0 (46.1%) and T30 (33.8%) and the 12% glyercol at 0.3°C/m highest at T60 (48.7%). Sperm frozen in 16% glycerol at 0.3°C/m had the highest%IPL at T0, T30, and T60 (91.9, 90.4, and 85.4%, respectively). Acrosome integrity was best maintained when sperm were frozen in 16% DMSO at 6.4°C/min (91.9%). The SQI was highest at T0 when sperm was frozen at 1.0°C/min in the CryoMed with highest post-thaw sperm parameters in 16% (T0) or 12% glycerol (T30 and T60). Interestingly, there were significant differences in SQI between the two 1.0°C/min freeze methods at each period, indicating that freezing device affected sperm cryosurvival, perhaps due to different freezing curves. This study indicates that mid-range (12 and 16%) cryoprotectant concentrations and slow freeze rates (0.3°C/m and 1.0°C/m) are optimal for desert tortoise sperm frozen in TEST-yolk buffer. Future studies will determine fertilizing capability of these sperm. These results may serve as a starting point for the study of sperm cryopreservation in other Testudinidae species.


Unwinding process of Smectic Cα* phase (SmCα*) to smectic C phase (SmC) in an electric field looks similar to a transition from chiral smectic C phase (SmC*) to SmC which is interpreted as a soliton condensation. As a pitch of the helical structure is quite short in the former, a discrete description is required and the soliton accompanying with should be a discrete type, while in the latter, the soliton is a kink of sine-Gordon equation. Under the condition of constant tilt at SmCα*, it has been elucidated that for the helical pitch larger than four-layer the transition is second order and a wave number versus field relation makes a devil's staircase. Here, a free energy curve for the wave number is proved to be non-differentiable at any rational wave number, monotonous and convex, corresponding to the devil's staircase structure of the wave number. This non-analytic property contrasts with the case of continuous description in SmC*, where the free energy curve is analytic. In the framework of the present model, a change of apparent optical axis and switching current is calculated, which are compared with experimental results reported so far.


We describe here the ways to express didactism in various genres from The Garden, but Not Weeded by W. Potocki, the poet of the 17 th century. The author has manage to find out that the didactic function is played by the titles, the contents - being an example - with inherent maxims, counsels, warnings etc. Potocki very clearly formulated his moralising intentions and played the role of a mentor.


This book explores the use of drama as a way to help people with special needs make sense of their life situation and develop personal self-esteem. The author describes ways of setting up groups and particular problems to look out for. She sets out how to use drama and play with both groups and individuals. Methods of work and drama material are outlined and developed and examples of particular experiences are given. There is also a section on the training available for dramatherapists and playtherapists. The book features sections on using drama with people to explore cultural identity, for people who are physically disabled, emotionally disturbed, abused and multiply disabled. The benefits of using drama as a therapy can be appreciated by a wide selection of people; teachers, drama specialists, child care workers, social workers and many others." The book features sections on using drama with people to explore cultural identity, for people who are physically disabled, emotionally disturbed, abused and multiply disabled. The benefits of using drama as a therapy can be appreciated by a wide selection of people; teachers, drama specialists, child care workers, social workers and many others."


Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess
the impact of education on the promotion of the
knowledge and attitude of students on HIV/AIDS
prevention in Tabriz, Iran.
Methods: The study was conducted by selfassessment
technique among university students
before and after an educational training
programme.
Results: The findings showed that the
knowledge of students increased significantly
(P


For the purpose of fighting in a rather long period of time and finally and thoroughly vanquishing the Japan invaders,the New Fourth Army put the wartime finance work in an important position,which include creating new public finance means,reinforcing finance management and disciplines,developing more wealth and properties sources,reasonably and economically making use of wealth and properties,etc.To sum up and understand the contents and essense of the New Fourth Army's wartime finance work and its own characteristics will be of great guiding significance to the carrying out of finance work in the environment of socialist market economy.


2 Abstract 2 Introduction: Transgender women are disproportionately burdened by HIV. Co-occurring 3 epidemics of adverse psychosocial exposures accelerate HIV sexual risk, including among 4 transgender women; however, studies using additive models fail to examine synergies among 5 psychosocial conditions that define a syndemic. We examined the impact of synergistic 6 interactions among 4 psychosocial exposures on condomless anal sex (CAS) among a 7 national probability sample of transgender women in India. 8 Methods: A probability-based sample of 4,607 HIV-negative transgender women completed 9 the Indian Integrated Bio-behavioral Surveillance survey, 2014−2015. We used linear 10 probability regression and logistic regression to assess 2-, 3-, and 4-way interactions among 4 11 exposures (physical and sexual violence, drug and alcohol use) on CAS. 12 Results: Overall, 27.3% reported physical and 22.3% sexual violence victimization (39.2% 13 either physical or sexual violence), one-third (33.9%) reported frequent alcohol use and 11.5% 14 illicit drug use. Physical violence was associated with twofold higher odds of CAS in the main 15 effects model. Significant two- and three-way interactions were identified on both 16 multiplicative and additive scales between physical violence and drug use; physical and sexual 17 violence; physical violence, sexual violence, and alcohol use; and physical violence, alcohol 18 and drug use. 19 Conclusions: Physical and sexual violence victimization, and alcohol and drug use are highly prevalent and synergistically interact to increase CAS among transgender women in India. Targeted and integrated initiatives to improve psychosocial comorbidities, combat transphobic violence,


shift, and by the new circumstances of the Church in relation to society and to the state" (89). In this new edition, Hess has not simply placed his earlier analysis of the Serdican canons in a broader scope, but offers a comprehensive and insightful treatment of the conciliar and canonical activity and understanding of the early church. It is a worthy successor to its predecessor and is sure to hold a similar place, as that one did for fifty years, as a standard point of reference.


The polycrystalline samples of La2/3Ca1/3Mn1-xCoxO3 (LCMCO) (x ≤ 0.20) with single phase are synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Rietveld refinements proved that Co replaces Mn in LCMCO. The lattice parameters decrease monotonically with increasing Co content, while the bond angles of Mn-O-Mn increases from 160.4° (x = 0.02) to 170.2° (x = 0.20). The metal-to-insulator transition temperature decreases with increasing Co content. The scattering of coupling between eg electrons and the surface phonons, which is indicated by Tp, decreases with the increase of Co content. Magne-toresistance at TMI decreases with increasing the Co content from 297.4% to 81.4%, but increases at Tp from 23.8% to 121.2%, respectively.


Abstract The article analyzes the economic content that appeared in the narratives of Władysław I the Elbow-high's documents. References to the economic sphere occurring there were divided into two types. The first one contained information on the economic condition of an area, first and foremost about the destruction or war devastation that hit a given region or town. The second type justified ruler's decisions, a desire to reform or to increase the benefits of the monarchy and his subjects. On the basis of the data obtained, an attempt was made to comment on the economic awareness of the ruler.