On January 1, 1994 an indigenous army of some 3000 Mayan peasants emerged from the jungles and canyons of the southernmost Mexican state of Chiapas and declared war on the federal executive and the Mexican army. On New Year's Day 1994, an insurgent guerrilla army calling itself the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) made its existence publicly known by seizing several towns in the highlands of Chiapas including the colonial city of San Cristobal de las Casas and declaring "Ya Basta!," "Enough!," to 500 years of genocide, colonialism, racism, slavery, and, most recently, neoliberalism embodied by the North American Free Trade Agreement. Invoking the constitutional right for Mexicans to alter their form of government and laying claim to a legitimacy rooted in 500 years of indigenous suffering and resistance as well as the legacy of Emiliano Zapata and the Mexican Revolution, the EZLN called for a national uprising to topple the corrupt government of President Carlos Salinas and the Institutional Revolutionary Party which had ruled Mexico for over 70 years.In the days that followed the New Year's Day uprising, several things would become clear. First, there would be no national uprising to topple the government. Second, there would be no military solution sanctioned by national or international public opinion. Third, the legitimacy of the Zapatista insurgents and their demands would not only find acceptance throughout the Mexican nation and even the world, it would resonate with the demands of others. Fourth and finally, the indigenous Zapatistas had managed to catalyze and inspire a broad front of social opposition to the longest-ruling dictatorship in the contemporary world. One of the most significant actors to support the Zapatista struggle was the independent labour movement in Mexico. In this paper I seek to illuminate the bases upon which two movements, one of them "urban" and "class-oriented," the other "rural" and "indigenous,"-the labels themselves require unpacking-are able to find common ground and engage in a politics not only of solidarity but of accompaniment A politics of accompaniment is a relationship hulit upon mutual respect and support which reaffirms rather than denies autonomy and difference. The linkages which emerged between the Zapatista movement and the independent labour movement did not foment revolution in Mexico nor were they always effective or successful in terms of promoting the interests of each of these movements. What makes these linkages significant, however; is the fact that they occurred in the absence of pre-existing links, direct channels of communication, or organizational infrastructure, and in the face of a revolutionary history troubled by the inability of urban workers and the peasantry to articulate their struggles as a common one. In this paper, I examine how this intersection emerged, the grounds that make it possible, and the significance of such an intersection for both the Zapatirtas and for independent unionism in Mexico. This analysis is also an attempt to explore political relationships and possibilities and to begin to imagine new relationships and ways of envisioning and practising politics that may allow for the realization of new political spaces and practices.This paper is not an attempt to engage once more in the well-worn debate of class versus identity politics either as organizational and mobilizing principles or as analytical frameworks. As both Marc Edelman (2001) and Charles Hale (1997) note, not only has this debate become increasingly dated, it has also become decreasingly useful both in terms of evaluating recent scholarship as well as analyzing social movements themselves. In this respect, this paper responds to Kale's call "for intellectuals to develop methods and analytical categories that engender more constructive engagement with the multiple inequalities that organize the worlds we hve in and study" (1997:584). Some recent work by social movement scholars has sought to materialize the spirit inspiring Male's call, stressing a "multilayered view of social movements" capable of highlighting "the interplay between collective identities, political opportunities, and culture" (Whittier 2002:289) and even invoking the need for a "more dialogic analysis" of cultures of power and contention, the ways in which they are mutually constitutive of each other and the consequences this implies for the infusion of meaning into collective action (Steinberg 2002:224). …


The Government of Surabaya city through e-wadul application tried to improve the quality of public service to their citizen. Improve the quality of public service through electronic government provide public administration efficiency, accountability and transparency. This research could be classified as a literature review and critical research. The aim of this research is to analyze e-government innovation used by the government of Surabaya city. The result of this research is related to Goldsmith's theory of e-government. The benefit of ewadul Application could improve the quality of public service to the citizens of Surabaya city. Keywords—e-government; innovation; public service


The semantics of a state-event statement is considered in a situation where one process changes the value of a variable, and another process executes a state-event statement - involving the same variable - at the same time-point. If the condition of the state-event statement is evaluated immediately, the shared variable may still have its old value. By means of an example model of a multi-section conveyor it is shown that immediate evaluation of state-event conditions is undesirable from a modelling point of view. The proposed semantics of the state-event statement is that the evaluation of the state-event condition is postponed until the other processes can no longer execute statements at the current time-point, and a new consistent state has been established. This semantics facilitates the development of correct models. The proposed semantics is analogous to the transition semantics in hybrid automata.


This study explores the impact of traditional banks transforming into financial holding banks on their operating performance (due to diversification). We collected samples and analyzed data on 22 banks in Taiwan from 2006 to 2015 (14 financial holding corporations and 8 commercial banks) and report here the two main findings of our analysis:
1.The mean difference test yielded a statistically significant difference in the operating performance of financial holding banks and non-financial holding banks, with the profitability of financial holding banks being superior to that of non-financial holding banks.
2.We employed regression analysis on the basis of three subgroups: financial holding banks, non-financial holding banks, and full sample banks. In summary, both the measures of diversification—interest revenue over net operating income and non-interest revenue over net operating income— influence the return on assets of banks significantly and positively; however, the magnitude of the effect varies with different subgroups. The result suggests that if a financial holding corporation diversifies its businesses, its profitability improves. In addition, while the relationship between interest or non-interest revenue over net operating income and return on equity of financial holding banks is positive, it is not statistically significant.


A driving simulator experiment was conducted to investigate two design features of four-way joystick systems used for vehicle control (accelerator, brake and steering). Effects of active force feedback and decoupled speed and steering control were investigated. These were features expected to facilitate driving with joystick systems. Time lags were made similar to what is found in conventional primary car controls, as those found in existing joystick systems seems to complicate usage and prolong learning. The joystick was designed for drivers with severe locomotor disabilities. Sixteen drivers with spinal cord injuries at a cervical level participated, all inexperienced with joystick driving. All participants drove on a rural road and performed a double lane change manoeuvre task. It was found that the decoupling provided better control and less workload, especially for those eight drivers with better hand and arm function. Active force feedback together with decoupled control was found positive for the same subgroup and provided better control in the lane change manoeuvre. However, drivers with less arm and hand function preferred passive feedback, and active feedback was even found disturbing. In general, the tested joystick was found to be very easy to learn which was attributed to the short time lags. (A) This document is also available electronically via Internet at URL: http://220.127.116.11/EPiBrowser/Publikationer/English/R506A.pdf


Churn resilience is an important topic in DHT research. In this paper, I present techniques to improve churn resilience and effect of them. All the techniques can be implemented in a DHT layer and require no change to an underlying routing layer. In other words, they do not depend on a specific routing algorithm and can work with various algorithms. Which techniques to be applied and what parameters are optimal are dependent on a DHT application. I last discuss how we can determine it.


Using the single-chip computer controlled LED and optical fiber to simulate the oil-way,valve body and fault phenomena of the automatic gear box of an automobile,the software successfully simulate the key technique of automatic gear box-automatic gear change function.With the keyboard and LED display,students can understand the operation principle of the automatic gear box clearly.


Protected areas are important sources providing plant resources for human populations, and contributing to the livelihood and income of families. To test the ecological apparency hypothesis, that there is positive relationship between the visibility of a species and its use, we conducted an ethnobotanical survey in the protected area of the Itauna rural settlement in the municipality of Planaltina, in the state of Goias, in central Brazil. The phytosociological parameters were obtained in 5.6 ha area of the Brazilian cerrado (savanna), and the ethnobotanical survey conducted with semi-structured interviews with 75 people. There was a weak positive correlation between the use value and the phytosociological parameters. A principal component analysis showed that seven species (Pterodon pubescens, Hancornia speciosa, Hymenaea stigonocarpa, Eugenia dysenterica, Annona crassiflora, Stryphnodendron adstringens and Solanum lycocarpum) have high use value, despite having low density, dominance and frequency. Nineteen species showed a positive relationship between their use value and their phytosociological parameters. The relationship between vegetation structure and use value differed among species in the protected area, indicating that more attention should be paid to those under more pressure, with low abundance. Further studies of these seven species should be conducted to determine whether human pressure is affecting populations structures and to define management strategies.


glow plug a housing (X, XII), a ceramic glow plug (I), which is arranged with a first end protrudes from the housing (X, XII) and a second end in the housing (X, XII), a feed line (IV) which in the case (X, XII) and to the glow plug (I) leads, and a sleeve (V), which encloses an out of the case (X, XII) projecting portion of the glow plug (I), wherein the glow plug (I) one of the housing (X, XII) has surrounded portion which tapers towards said second end, is comprised of the sheathed element (I) in the case (X, XII) by a contact element (II) electrically contacted by the glow plug and to the second end of the glow plug (I) towards narrowing portion (4), with which it comprises at least one section of the tapered portion of the glow plug (I), characterized in that the contact element (II) and the sleeve (V) are arranged overlapping, of the feeders (IV) in the housing (X; XII) is surrounded by a second sleeve (VI), and the contact element (II) on the second sleeve (VI) is present.


Abstract. Let A be the class of analytic functions f in the open unit diskU= {z : |z| 0 are given, then the T δ -neighborhoodof the function f is defined asTN δ (f) =(g(z) = z +X ∞n=2 b n z n ∈ A :X ∞n=2 T n |a n − b n | ≤ δ),where T = {T n } ∞n=2 is a sequence of positive numbers. In the presentpaper we investigate some problems concerning T δ -neighborhoods of func-tions in various classes of analytic functions with T =2 −n /n 2 ∞n=2 . Wealso find bounds for δ ∗T (A,B) defined byδ ∗T (A,B) = inf {δ > 0 : B ⊂ TN δ (f) for all f ∈ A},where A, B are given subsets of A. 1. IntroductionLet A denote the class of analytic functions f in the open unit disk U ={z : |z| < 1} with the normalization conditions f(0) = f ′ (0) − 1 = 0. Iff(z) = z +P ∞n=2 a n z n , then the T δ -neighborhood of the function f is definedas(1.1) TN δ (f) =(g(z) = z +X ∞n=2 b n z n ∈ A :X ∞n=2 T n |a n −b n | ≤ δ),where δ is a positive number and T = {T


For gas-liquid-liquid extraction,a novel structured packing with diversion windows was developed. The geometry characteristics of proposed structured packing were the diversion windows arranged in the crest and trough of the traditional ripple packing. Due to the division windows on the structured packing,the flow pattern was adjusted,that is,the liquid stream on one side of packing can penetrate through the windows and then reach to the other side of the packing. In addition,the flow channel for the gas phase was enlarged and the disturbance frequency was increased. The mass transfer efficiency and hydrodynamic performance of the novel packing were determined experimentally. The results indicate that along with the increase in gas phase flow rate,the flooding velocity decreases,and the apparent height of mass transfer unit first reduces but then increases. The structured packing proposed can promote the dispersed phase' s droplet-film flow pattern,which helps enhancing the mass transfer. Under the same operating conditions,the hydrodynamic performance and mass transfer efficiency of the novel structured packing can be increased by 11% and 44. 7% than that of super mini ring packing in average.


The Phoenix project is an experiment in the design of autonomous agents for a complex environ- ment. The Phoenix testbed is the environmental simulation component of Phoenix. The Phoenix testbed consists of a task model, a map representation, a user interface and a fire simulation. This paper presents the testbed at the conceptual level and at the functional interface level.


There are now more women in management in Australia than a decade ago. A number of factors have contributed to their increasing numbers, including changes in legislation supporting women working, more child care places, changes in the structure of work, and attitudes to women bosses. While their representation in management has increased, their numbers in senior positions is still very low. It will take time to change people′s perceptions of women in management, to overcome discrimination, and to develop structures at work and in the community that will aid women′s move into management. There will need to be more training and development opportunities. Time is also on their side.


The purpose of this research is to understand and analyze how employee skills and knowledge relate to the work of employees at the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) Office in West Java Province. The methodology used in this research is descriptive methodology by utilizing quantitative thresholds. The population in this study was 153 people consisting of all employees at the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) Office of West Java Province with a sample taken from the slovin formula of 61 people. The average score for Performance Allowance is 79.00%, Competence is 79.05%, and Employee Performance is 80.59% of the ideal score so that it is categorized as Good/strong. The research findings show that the variable work benefits and competencies have an influence on employee performance. The magnitude of the influence of the Performance Allowances and Competency variables on Employee Performance is indicated by the magnitude of the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.720 or 72.00%, while external influences or errors are 28%. With a percentage coefficient of determination greater than 70%, the model is included in the Strong category.


Characterization of Ethylcellulose and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Microspheres for Controlled Release of Flurbiprofen
The objective of this study was to design and optimize polymeric microspheres of flurbiprofen (FLB) with ethylcellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) using response surface methodology. EC and HPMC were taken as independent variables whereas; the dependent variables were % drug release at pH 1.2, 4.5 and 7.4. FTIR spectra and TGA showed no significant difference between drug and polymers. DSC and XRD studies exhibited molecular dispersion of FLB within microspheres. Contour plots were drawn to predict the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Both polymers revealed their significant effects on drug release that followed the zero order which was further verified by the lowest values of Akaike information criterion. The mechanism of drug release followed super case II type of drug release. This study helped unraveling the influence of two factors on in-vitro drug release and thereby, proposed an appropriate sustained drug release formulation.


Abstract In this study, scour-based vibrations of bridge piers are investigated using a bridge model in a water flume. First, the eigenmode corresponding to the measured frequencies of pier-like structures is identified. Second, the effect of the pier–deck interaction is studied. Finally, a theoretical model is proposed to characterize the pier vibration and identify its input parameters. To this end, experiments were conducted and a laboratory-scale model pier was tested in two configurations: single piers and two piers in a bridge configuration. The experimental results enable the identification of the modal shape and indicate that the deck decreases significantly the pier's frequency. In parallel, a theoretical model was proposed to model the pier, where the soil was modeled with both lateral springs along the pier and a rotational spring at the base. The spring stiffnesses were then identified using a three-dimensional finite element model. The results obtained from the theoretical and numerical models are in good agreement with the experimental results with the bridge pier in the two tested configurations. The obtained theoretical, numerical and experimental results were compared to experimental data found in the literature for further validation.


consensus-systems' (p. 116). Similarly, he also includes sections on films that are made by or for the subjects themselves (in particular Aboriginal groups in Australia). At times, Loizos's liberal humanism gets the better of him and he shows a worrying tendency to universalize in some of his interpretations. I am thinking especially of his comments on Robert Gardner's 1985 film, Forest of Bliss, shot in Benares. Loizos is far too eager to accept the idea of 'Benares-as-microcosm' (p. 162) and to be propelled into a transcendent meditation on life and death in general. That nothing has passed away so much as his critical faculties at this juncture is underlined by his explanation of why Gardner has not used any words in the film: the contemplation of the 'paradoxical double nature of human beings' reminds Loizos of 'an Eliot quotation about losing a battle with language'. He then quotes the following lines from Burn Norton:


The sections of this chapter discuss both evaluation and management of legal and ethical aspects of the physician assistant (PA) profession, taking into consideration that the PA practice flows out of an interconnected relationship between the PA, the physician, and the patient. PAs are called to fulfill not only the law when practicing but also rise to uphold ethical principles. There are a variety of situations a provider can encounter throughout a career. Some topics are present in every patient encounter, such as confidentiality and informed consent. Some topics may only be present in certain cases, such as advanced directives and futile treatment. Nevertheless, the provider should be knowledgeable about each of these legal and ethical situations and understand the evaluation and management of them.


In this paper is to examine the infection control cognition and to practice that dental infection control of dental hospital accreditation. The subjects on the study were dental hygienists in Daegu and Kyungbuk cities from April to May 2015. The questionnaires of this study, with reference to the previous studies, modified and complemented. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS 20.0. First, factors of dental infection control according to workplace depended existence chief of dental infection management in small numbers Received(October 21, 2018), Review Result(November 9, 2018) Accepted(December 8, 2018), Published(December 31, 2018) (Team admin) 41921 Department of Preventive clinic, Dukyoung Dental Hospital, , 511 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea email: email@example.com (Assistant Professor, Corresponding Author) 41453 Department of Dental hygiene, Daegu Health College, 15 Youngsong-Ro Buk-Gu, Daegu, Korea email: email@example.com (Associate Professor) 41453 Department of Dental hygiene, Daegu Health College, 15 Youngsong-Ro Buk-Gu, Daegu, Korea email: firstname.lastname@example.com A Study of Differences in the infection control cognition between practice of dental hygienists Copyright c 2018 HSST 598 and almost of these don't have programs and education of dental infection control. Thus these found out cognition of not hospital accreditation but also infection control rules in that. Also cognition and to practice of dental infection control showed in difference according to workplace that the protection individual, asepsis procedure, control of dental equipment, control of infectious waste and laundry. Thus these differed that was according to whether or not cognitive and to practice dental hospital accreditation and infection control rules in dental hospital accreditation. Finally dental hospital more than dental clinic was awareness that was infection control rules in dental hospital accreditation of cognition and to practice of the infection control. thus that was higher in cognition and to practice of infection control. As above results, in order to minimize the infection prevention in the dental clinic, the regular infection control system and infection control education. In the end these dental infection control guidelines should be placed in hospitals to increase cognition and practice.


Rating systems are ubiquitous, with applications ranging from product recommendation to teaching evaluations. Confidence intervals for functionals of rating data such as empirical means or quantiles are critical to decision-making in various applications including recommendation/ranking algorithms. Confidence intervals derived from standard Hoeffding and Bernstein bounds can be quite loose, especially in small sample regimes, since these bounds do not exploit the geometric structure of the probability simplex. We propose a new approach to deriving confidence intervals that are tailored to the geometry associated with multi-star/value rating systems using a combination of techniques from information theory, including Kullback-Leibler, Sanov, and Csisz{a}r inequalities.
The new confidence intervals are almost always as good or better than all standard methods and are significantly tighter in many situations. The standard bounds can require several times more samples than our new bounds to achieve specified confidence interval widths.


a-Si:H and poly-Si TFT(thin film transistor) characteristics were investigated using an inverted staggered type TFT. The TFT an as-grown a-Si:H exhibited a low field effect mobility, transconductance, and high gate threshold voltage. The poly-Si films were achieved by using an isothermal and RTA treatment for glow discharge deposited a-Si:H films. The a-Si:H films were cystallized at the various temperature from 600 to 1000. As anneal temperature was elevated, the TFT exhibited increased gm/ and reduced Vds/. VT/. The poly-Si grain boundary passivation with grain boundary trap types and activation energies as a function of anneal temperature. The poly-si TFT showed an improved Inm//Ioff/ ratio of 106/, reduced gate threshold voltage, and increased field effect mobility by three orders.


The motivation for this paper was to assess the applicability of the novel approach derived from
 chaos theory to the description and analysis of dynamics of the free sea surface, in particular to the phase space reconstruction of the dynamical system from the observed time series. The free sea surface elevation data sets were sampled at the Baltic Coastal Research Station Lubiatowo in Poland.
After proper processing the experimental data, it was found that the sea surface elevations can be described as a result of a four-dimensional process, which appears to be weakly chaotic, characterized by a positive largest Lyapunov exponent and a short prediction horizon. It was confirmed that using
chaos theory tools may be very promising for diagnosing certain properties of the sea waves.
Moreover, in the paper, some new technique for evaluation of the average mutual information is
introduced.


several ways. One is archaeological, where enough evidence is available to create a basic chronology of lead-glazed earthenware between 1580 and 1630. Another is early twentieth-century mass media, where authors and partisans like publicist Takahashi Sôan (1861–1937), in a practical acknowledgement of new forms of tea-drinking, valorized the tea bowl over the tea caddy and in doing so contributed to the present reception of Raku. Pitelka's exposition is deserving of a better-designed format with more illustrations. Given his insistence that Raku is far more diverse than its sanctioned portrait, the volume would have gained from a representation of the full range of products of the Raku family as well as a broader sampling of the general genre of glazed earthenware, what might be termed raku in the lower case. We hope that the author will follow up this project by publishing a wider range of images together with the many Raku-related documents mentioned only in his footnotes. Regardless of time or place, it is hard to think of any other ceramic that is so simple yet so highly prized as Raku. But Morgan Pitelka reminds us that in Raku, it is a systematic disregard of time and place that has facilitated such adulation. In that sense, the "handmaking" of Raku may be attributed to the dreams and desires of its partisans, present as well as past. In bringing this to light, Pitelka has issued the first challenge to Raku orthodoxy, and his analysis is both responsible and courageous.


In contrast to the acid catalysed condensations of 2-ethoxycarbonylthioamides with α,β-unsaturated ketones to dihydrothiazines, base catalysis yields 6-hydroxypiperidine-2-thiones; which can be dehydrated to tetrahydropyridine-2-thiones and, if the second substituent at the 6-position is electron releasing, the molecule can eliminate ethanol transannularly to give novel lactone bridged bicyclic systems.


Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology provides a new mode of direct communication between man and machine, replacing human's normal output control pathways of nerves and muscles. It embeds huge potential to be explored in medicine, rehabilitation and entertainment that can be used for the healthy as well as the disabled. In order to thoroughly exploit BCI's capabilities, efficient man-machine interaction has to be established by accurately identifying human intentions from brain waves. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a strong tool in BCI research as it is a cheap and easy non-invasive recording methodology of brain activity encoded with human thoughts. This paper investigates an EEG dataset recorded from 85 healthy subjects performing imagination of motor movements, and highlights the necessity of selecting the subject-specific spatial and spectral features to optimize motor imagery recognition performance. Subject-specific spectral and spatial features associated with right and left hand motor imagery are identified on account of the discriminative weights of EEG signals recorded from motor cortex region. Discriminative capability has been estimated using the Fisher ratio values of each frequency component for each channel. Using the proposed hybrid subject-specific selection of channels and bands, the proposed BCI system is capable of offering comparable classification accuracy with the state of the art methodology which employs more number of channels and frequency bands.


The political party is a means of connecting the political process with society and it helps to improve the political system. In addition, a central feature of any democracy is political party which serve as a vehicle through which citizens can come together freely to define their political and policy aspirations and campaign for public office. In fact political parties have developed alongside democracy, and it is commonly assumed that democracy cannot survive without them. This article is an overview from the extent and nature of the political party in any society.


The invention relates to a shielding conducting coating paint,comprising the following components;metal powder 25-45%,sticker 5-25%, and thickener 1-12%,solvent 20-25%,regulator of PH value 0.5-2% and water 5-20%. The slice-shaped conducting powder is arranged averagely when the product is sprayed to be film,with high conductivity,cleanliness and degree of shielding. Its raw material being chosen and matched reasonably,makes the electric very small and outstanding shielding effect. The invention has rapid drying in low temperature,outstanding adhesive force, density of adhesiveness and wear resistance.


The title of this essay exposes my intention.' It is, after all, late in the day to be reviewing this book, originally published in 1964; and some explanation should therefore be given for doing so. This is an important book. Not least of the reasons for its importance is the astounding fact that it was written by an economist-one of those gentlemen most usually noted for their dry-as-dust style and the sterility of their narrow, compartmentalized approach to many problems. After reading the book several times and being thoroughly excited by its basic arguments, I went to the reviewers to examine the character of other assessments. Perhaps I expected too much, for the result was sobering. A reading of six reviews,2 all that could be found through the ordinary research devices, convinced me that most of the reviewers failed to perceive the importance of the work and showed themselves inept at identifying the central meaning of Boulding's exposition. In almost all cases either their praise was misdirected or their criticism was leveled at secondary matters rather than at core concepts. It certainly cannot be argued that this book is without fault. There are a number of serious flaws in the argument and some almost comical passages which could not be taken seriously by any well trained social scientist. In spite of this, the general methodological theme is quite clear if some pain is taken to identify it; and this theme is not unimportant when compared to Boulding's work as a whole. If a good cross-section of his work is taken into consideration, Boulding's intellectual profile takes on the shape of an intellectual schizophrenic. He bobbles between an aggravating orthodoxy and peripheral genius in his treatment of social and economic issues. It may be a paradox to say so but his brilliance shows itself best in his capacity to synthesize, and his orthodoxy is most aggravating when he fails to coordinate pre-


Your smoking habits influence the premium that you pay for obtaining life cover. The majority of life assurance companies around the world use smoker status as an established rating factor in the pricing of life assurance risks. Along with age, gender, socioeconomic class and duration since underwriting, smoker status is an important indicator of the magnitude of the risk when pricing death, dread disease and disability covers.


This study presents the results of a comparative analysis of two GIS tools; Geomedia Professional (First Fully Compliant Microsoft OLE/COM Proprietary GIS Application) and GRASS (First Free GIS). The comparison is carried out through the project "Implementation of Cartographic Information for Communal Forests in the Region of Os Ancares", by evaluating both tools in terms of capability, functionality, ease of use and time of implementation. The analysis reveals that GRASS shows higher capability to analyze and manipulate data, and covers more application areas in GIS projects, while Geomedia Professional shows a more robust graphical interface and DBMS, which reduces the execution time of the project. Although the use of Geomedia Professional involves higher implementation costs, no significant differences are observed in the overall productivity of the project due to the reduction in the execution time. Nevertheless, major differences can be expected for larger projects.


The emerging concern for the environment, particularly in consumer products, has grabbed the attention of both practitioners and academics equally. With the aid of new communication tools such as social media, the concern for the environment has been widely shared. The motivation behind consumer behaviour towards environmentally friendly green products is different compared to general non-green products. The present study explored the factors that determine the purchase intention of green products and publicity on social media. The mediating role of concern for consequences and the moderating role of economic factors was also analysed. A total of 347 consumers were sampled in the present study by means of systematic sampling from cosmetic stores. Structural equation modelling using SmartPLS 3 software was employed to analyse the data of the present study. Notably, the mediating role of concern for consequences and economic factor are supported. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment


A combined steel structure house comprises roofs, wherein the roofs, stand columns and a supporting beam are integrated together through bolts to form a cross section of the combined steel structure house, the cross section is arranged on the back face of the combined steel structure house, the space between the cross section and the combined steel structure house is connected by a top beam and supporting longitudinal beams, the top beam is arranged on the roofs, the supporting longitudinal beams are arranged on the stand columns through the bolts, and a main body of the combined steel structure house is formed. Insulation boards are arranged on the four faces and the roofs, and roof supports are arranged between the top beam and the supporting longitudinal beams. The quick installation and the overall movement can be achieved, reusing rate is high, anti-seismic and anti-wind capacity are good, modularization installation can be conducted according to requirements, so that generalization and standardization can be achieved in the disassembling of a prefabricated housing with a steel structure or other conducts, and industrial production of the prefabricated housing construction industry can be achieved The combined steel structure house has the advantages of being energy-saving, environmentally-friendly and economical.


Today's digital media environment and the widespread proliferation of propaganda-driven disinformation confront professional media entities with numerous new challenges, and place a heavier burden on journalists and standards of journalism. This article reviews the pursuit for
 truth as a basic principle that stays for professional journalism, and further examines the current good practices on self-regulation of disinformation in Europe, in particular the rulings of the Advisory Commission on Counteracting the Propaganda in Eastern Europe. It takes a look at the
 recent efforts by media associations and companies to self-regulate and to promote media literacy as an antidote to disinformation, as well as the relevant intergovernmental policies in Europe. The conclusions provide recommendations on fine-tuning existing mechanisms to counteract disinformation
 through media accountability and literacy.


The present invention discloses a bearing beam structure for a circular cooling trolley. The present invention is based on a rectangular beam, and a triangle beam is designed at the upper part of the rectangular beam, the upper plate of the rectangular beam is extended and broadened to the both sides to form an upper cross section which is a bottom edge of the triangle beam, a plurality of ventilation channels are arranged on the bevel edge steel plates at the both waists, an air ventilating channel is arranged on the bottom edge of the triangle beam, and the side plate of the rectangular beam is a component element of the trolley static seal. The present invention is used on a water seal circular cooling machine, has the main structure character that the trolley loading is supported by the rectangular beam, the triangle beam is used to discharge and guide, through ventilating with the air ventilating channel of three edges of the triangle beam, cold air under the grid plate of the trolley can be led to the both sides and upper material layers of the triangle beam, not only the cooling dead zone is eliminated, but also the total ventilating area of the trolley can be increased about 16 percent. As a component element of the trolley static seal, the side plate of the rectangular beam can prefect the sealing of the bearing beam structure bottom part and the trolley.


The ranks of the instructors in fitness clubs in the cities along the Yangtze River in Anhui province have such problems as limited professional skill,low salary,and frequent liquidity etc.We should adopt the measures of perfecting management agency,optimizing the environment of the clubs and promote instructors' treatment to improve the healthy development of the fitness clubs.


[Objective] The paper was to find out the difference in oxygen consumption between Clethrionomys rufocanus and Apodemus agrarius. [Method] The oxygen consumption value of C. rufocanus and A. agrarius was measured using improved closed pressure breathing apparatus,and the oxygen consumption rate was calculated. [Result] The oxygen consumption of C. rufocanus and A. agrarius increased with the increasing body weight,while the increase amplitude of A. agrarius was relatively smaller. The oxygen consumption rate decreased with the increasing body weight. [Conclusion]The result provides a biological basis for breeding and research of experimental rats.


When James Welch died, the matter of his passing was discussed in an inadvertently comic mode in Missoula at the gym where I used to work out in the mornings. A small coffee and juice bar served as an in formal gathering spot to glance at the days headlines. Someone would read a few lines aloud from a front-page story or, more commonly, raise a comment on the dismal turn of events portrayed on CNN, and the rest of the men?this was an exclusively male ritual?would offer an opinion if so moved. These were generally decent, conservative, no nonsense, middle-aged men who did not waste a lot of time reading books, with one exception. One-legged Simms, a shrewd businessman with a liberal streak and a tricksterlike penchant for suckering others into his discussions, usu ally played host, hogging the newspaper, murmuring a few words from the front page, and adding his own editorial comments, often irrever ently baiting the clientele at the bar with an acerbic remark about the absurdity of the Iraq war or the hypocrisy of Rush's drug addiction. Though the arguments Simms incited sometimes escalated into shouts in the parking lot, he spoke with impunity, for the simple reason that no one wanted to get into a brawl with a one-legged guy, certainly an unwinnable proposition from any opponents standpoint. "Lotta big names in town for the memorial of James Welch," Simms reported nonchalantly that February morning. "Givin' up protesting the war, huh Simms?" said Todd, a born-again urban cowboy who worked out in a tank top, factory-faded jeans, and horseman's boots.


The extremely complex helicopter dynamics is converted to a linear time-invariant model representing the hovering flight. Cross-coupling between longitudinal and lateral dynamics during hover is least, which leads to the usual attempt of separation of these set of equations. The Eigenvalue analysis adopted in this paper necessitates the need for a feedback controller to bring the helicopter system back in its trim position after perturbing from the initial state. A linear static feedback gain that augments the stability property of the rotorcraft is obtained from infinite horizon Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control design technique. The modified LQR controller is used that is capable of bringing the scaled rotorcraft system back to the trim/equilibrium state even in the presence of disturbance input.


This paper presents a new type of inductive power transfer (IPT) pickup that directly regulates the power in ac form, hence producing a controllable high-frequency ac source suitable for lighting applications. The pickup has significant advantages in terms of increasing system efficiency, reducing pickup size, and lowering production cost compared to traditional pickups that also produce a controlled ac output using complex ac-dc-ac conversion circuits. The new ac processing pickup employs switches operating under zero-voltage-switching conditions to clamp parts of the resonant voltage across a parallel tuned LC resonant tank to achieve power regulation over a wide load range. The operation of the pickup is analyzed and the circuit waveforms have been verified by experimental results. A complete IPT system using the ac processing pickup was tested on a 500-W lighting system and an efficiency of 96% was obtained when delivering 500 W to multiple resistive light bulbs.


Volume 1 • Issue 3 • 1000e103 J Prob Health ISSN: 2329-8901 JPH, an open access journal Probiotics–beneficial microorganisms–must be understood within the context of the microbiome and their interaction with the human host. The microbiome was first mentioned around 400 BC by Hippocrates, the father of medicine. Although he did not define the microbiome explicitly, he is quoted as saying "death sits in the bowels" and "bad digestion is the root of all evil". These statements highlight what we believe today, namely the diet, the bowel, and overall health are intimately linked! The term "microbiome" was actually coined in 2001 by Joshua Lederberg to emphasize that microorganism inhabiting the body influence mammalian cellular processes and must be considered part of the genome [1].


This document discusses the following topics: Zircon as a Shock Indicator in Impactites of Drill Core Yaxcopoil-1, Chicxulub Impact Structure, Mexico; Experimental Investigation of Shock Effects in a Metapelitic Granulite; Experimental Reproduction of Shock Veins in Single-Crystal Minerals; Post-Shock Crystal-Plastic Processes in Quartz from Crystalline Target Rocks of the Charlevoix Impact Structure; Shock Reequilibration of Fluid Inclusions; How Does Tektite Glass Lose Its Water?; Assessing the Role of Anhydrite in the KT Mass Extinction: Hints from Shock-loading Experiments; A Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of the Nonmarine Permian/Triassic Boundary in the Southern Karoo Basin, South Africa; Extraterrestrial Chromium in the Permian-Triassic Boundary at Graphite Peak, Antarctica; Magnetic Fe,Si,Al-rich Impact Spherules from the P-T Boundary Layer at Graphite Peak, Antarctica; A Newly Recognized Late Archean Impact Spherule Layer in the Reivilo Formation, Griqualand West Basin, South Africa; Initial Cr-Isotopic and Iridium Measurements of Concentrates from Late Eocene Cpx-Spherule Deposits; An Ordinary Chondrite Impactor Composition for the Bosumtwi Impact Structure, Ghana, West Africa: Discussion of Siderophile Element Contents and Os and Cr Isotope Data.


This thesis deals with the synthesis and characterization of two carbazole-endcapped monomers, named as 2,8-di(carbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene (SCz) and 2,8-di(carbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene S,S-dioxide (SO2Cz), and their derived polymers PSCz and PSO2Cz prepared by both chemically oxidative coupling polymerization in the presence of FeCl3 and electrochemically oxidative process. Two referenced compounds with tert-butyl blocking groups on their carbazole units, namely 2,8-di(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene (StBCz) and 2,8-di(3,6-di-tert- butylcarbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (SO2tBCz), were also synthesized for a comparative purpose. The electrochemistry and electropolymerization behaviors of these four compounds were investigated. The optoelectronic properties such as absorption, fluorescence, electrochemistry, and electrochromism of polymers PSCz and PSO2Cz were also studied in this thesis. The dilute dichloromethane solutions of the polymers PSCz and PSO2Cz that prepared by the chemically oxidative polymerization method exhibited fluorescence maxima at around 426 and 524 nm, respectively. PSO2Cz revealed a higher fluorescence quantum yield than PSCz probably due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect. The emission wavelength or color of the polymer solutions was dependent on the polarity of the solvent, with a red shift in the solvent of a higher polarity. The polymeric thin films were successfully deposited onto the surface of the working electrode by repetitive cyclic voltammetry (CV) scanning of compounds SCz and SO2Cz in an electrolyte solution between 0 and 1.8 V. However, the compounds StBCz and SO2tBCz with tert-butyl blocking groups on the reactive sites of the carbazole units did not give any polymer films on the electrode upon repetitive CV scanning, indicating the electrochemical polymerization occurred through the coupling reaction between the carbazole units at the 3- or 6-position. The electrochemically generated polymer films exhibited two reversible oxidation redox couples due to successive oxidations of the biscarbazole unit. These polymer films also revealed excellent electrochemical and electrochromic stability, with coloration change from a colorless neutral state to yellow, green and blue oxidized forms. Switching ability of the polymers was evaluated by kinetic studies upon measuring the percent transmittance (%T) at their maximum contrast point, indicating that these polymers were found to be suitable materials for electrochromic devices.


The red-emitting phosphorescent organic light-emitting device employing Bis[2-(2-benzothiazoyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (Zn(BTP)2) as a host material has been demonstrated. The device generates saturated red emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.67, 0.33), characterized by a low driving voltage of 3.2V and high external quantum efficiency of 10.3% at 10mA∕cm2. Moreover, the efficiency and lifetime are improved by using 30% NPB-doped Zn(BTP)2 host in the emitting layer, where NPB is 4,4′-bis(N-phenyl-1-naphthyl-amino)biphenyl. The maximum external quantum efficiency of the device reaches 12.6% at 1.7mA∕cm2. The device has exhibited excellent stability. The half-luminance lifetime is 240h at 80mA∕cm2 (initial luminance of 6070cd∕m2). The relationship between the employed host material and device performance is discussed.


This paper suggests that contemporary capitalism is increasingly shaped by a 'finderskeepers' model of entrepreneurship. Intellectually, this model has its origins in the Austrian School of Economics and, as such, it has been bolstered by the neo-liberal turn of post-fordism. Its greatest proponent is Kirzner. The model is ideological in that it attempts to legitimate entrepreneurial capture as the 'ultimate knowledge' despite the fact that it does not create, innovate, or produce. It is also increasingly engaged in the use of property rights as a means of capturing value produced beyond the corporation through 'free' labour and the enclosing of skills and knowledge developed elsewhere. As such, it encourages a society based in secrecy and mistrust.


The construction of diaryl sulfides through the cross-coupling of aryl iodides and thiols in microwave heating is described. By using this method, a variety of diaryl sulfides can be prepared in a mild condition and in high yields. Deactivated 4-nitrothiophenol was effective to afford the product in 94% yield. Sterically hindered ortho-substituted aryl iodides or thiophenols provided diaryl sulfides effectively by this microwave-assisted coupling reaction.


Received : 19.12.2016 Accepted : 03.03.2017 Attempts have been made to classify the sediment on their degree of maturity. Compositional maturity is a reflection of intensity of weathering and a function of labile grains, unstable/stable rock fragments and stable quartz arenites. The main aim of this study is to investigate maturity and area of deposition and attempt to shed light on source area paleo-weathering conditions. Twenty one samples of shales and sandstones units were collected from a depth precisely between 1160 to 11,480m at a well in western Niger Delta, grinded, pulverized and sieved with less than 75μm. About 10g was packed and sent to Acme analytical Laboratory LTD., Vancouver, Canada. From the results, various plots and indexes inferring maturity and area of deposition were utilized. Using the A-K-F ternary plots of Englund and Jørgensen (1973), the depositional environment is transition zone. The silicate weathering indexes CIA, CIW and PIA values ranges from 45-65, on average indicates low to moderate weathering in the source area with extreme weathering of some sand fraction. Various calculated values of the weathering indices: Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) and scatter plots of formulated ratios of Al/Na, K/Na, and Rb/K vs chemical index of alteration (CIA) were plotted. The moderate values below average suggest low to moderate weathering conditions in the source area or during transportation. This also inferred their recycling processes are insignificant. The clay content is low and feldspars are averagely high implying immaturity. The calculated ZTR index for the sand ranges from 36.4-75.0 from with an average mode of 55.5% implying almost all contain mineralogically immature sediments. The calculated ZirconTourmaline-Rutile (ZTR) index shows that majority of the sample depths have >43% ZTR index but below 75% which corresponds to generally immature sediments.


As the inhibition ability is not strong enough and the tolerance ability of solid contamination is low for the usual polymer drilling fluids, the amphoteric polymer drilling fluid is suggested to solve these problems after analyzing and researching interactive mechanisms and components of polymer drilling fluid as well as structure character of polymer molecule. The application in 15 oilfields (nearly 4,000 wells) in China demonstrates that the amphoteric polymer drilling fluid has strong inhibition, can retard ``mud-making`` of shale formation, keeps low-solid content and is wellbore stable. The amphoteric polymer drilling fluid has excellent rheological properties to make full use of jet-bit drilling and achieve significantly increased drilling rates. The obvious results in the protection of oil formation have been achieved.


The aquaporins (AQP) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that work as channels for rapid water transport. In mouse embryos, AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9 were found to play important roles in the pre-implantation development or adaptive cellular response to osmotic stress. In addition, because AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9 permeate not only water but also cryoprotectant, such as glycerol, these AQP thought to be involved in the process of cryopreservation. However, little information is available for AQP in bovine embryos. The understanding of the mechanisms mediated by AQP that embryos utilise to survive during culture and the process of cryopreservation will contribute to development of in vitro culture systems and cryopreservation procedures for bovine embryos. The aims of present study were to clarify the expression status of AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9 in bovine pre-implantation embryos, and to evaluate the expression level of AQP3 in in vivo-derived (IVD) and IVF bovine embryos. For production of IVF embryos, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were aspirated from ovaries collected at a local slaughterhouse. The COC were in vitro matured, fertilized, and then cultured for 7 days. The IVD embryos at early blastocyst (EB) and blastocyst (BC) stage were obtained from donor cows treated with superovulation and AI. In experiment 1, in order to clarify the expression of AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9 mRNA in bovine pre-implantation embryos, total RNA was extracted from pools of 30 IVM oocytes, pools of 15 IVF embryos at 2- to 4-cell, 8- to 16-cell, compaction morula (CM), EB, BC, and expanded blastocyst (ExBC) stage, and RT-PCR was performed followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. In experiment 2, in order to clarify the expression status of AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9 during bovine pre-implantation development after zygotic gene activation, total RNA was extracted from pools of 15 IVF embryos at 8- to 16-cell, CM, EB, BC and ExBC stage (n = 5), and relative quantifications of AQP mRNA were performed using real-time RT-PCR. Data were analysed by Scheffe's method. In experiment 3, AQP3 transcript levels in single IVD and IVF embryos at EB and BC stages (n = 10) was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Data were analysed by Mann-Whitney's U test. In experiment 1, AQP3 and AQP7 transcripts were detected in IVM oocytes and all stages of embryos. AQP9 mRNA was detected in IVM oocytes and in 2- to 4-cell, 8- to 16 cell, CM, and EB stage embryos, but was not detected in BC and ExBC stage embryos. In experiment 2, AQP3 and AQP7 transcript levels were significantly increased from 8- to 16-cell to CM and EB stage, and significantly decreased from EB to BC and ExBC stages (P < 0.05). AQP9 transcript level was significantly decreased from 8- to 16-cell to CM and EB stage (P < 0.05). In experiment 3, AQP3 transcript level in IVF embryos was significantly lower than that in in vivo embryos at the BC stage (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that AQP3 and AQP7 may have specific roles at morula and EB stage in bovine embryos. In addition, AQP3 expression is influenced by developmental condition of bovine embryos.


The subject innovation relates to a railway vehicle collision impact absorbing members, the cross-section is provided with a rectangular shape, respectively, it consists of a tubular shape having a predetermined length, and crushing the shock delivered in the longitudinal direction arranged in parallel to one or more impact absorption each other to absorb part; And achieve a right angle to the one or more shock-absorbing portion longitudinal direction are respectively coupled to both ends of the shock-absorbing portion, a pair of the fastening plate which is fixed to a frame installed in the width direction of the railway car in the frontal or back end portion of the railway car; It includes. According to the present invention, the plurality dog installed in the forehead or the trailing part of the railroad car shock absorbers added while crushing by effectively absorbing the shock caused by the collision between rail vehicles, it is possible to minimize the bodywork damage can reduce body repair costs and, passengers as well as to prevent wear injuries, is provided so that the one additional plurality of shock absorbing a fastening plate provided with or adjacent fastening plate can be contacted with the contact or face each other, the line may be installed to a plurality dog compact because provided so can be installed in a limited narrow space, the flexibility in consideration of the weight and the operating speed of a railway vehicle is economical can be adjusted to the installation number.


We study the problem of super-replication of game options in general stochastic volatility models which include e.g. the Heston model, the Hull-White model and the Scott model. For simplicity, we consider models with one risky asset. We show that the super-replication price is the cheapest cost of a trivial super-replication strategy. Furthermore, we calculate explicitly the super-replication price and the corresponding optimal hedge. The super-replication price can be seen as the game variant of a concave envelope. Our approach is purely probabilistic.


In this paper, the phenomena of electrostatic enhanced heat transfer in a dielectric fluid have been investigated experimentally using a horizontal model pipe. The saturation pressure in the model pipe, the heat flux both in heated and cooled ends are all measured under high DC voltage. Experimental results show that the heat transfer properties of dielectric working liquids can be improved by the electrostatic field.


Water potentials, leaf resistances to water loss, and relative saturation deficits of selected shrub species of chaparral and coastal sage communities were measured each month from June 1973 through May 1974. Measurements were made at coastal and inland sites in southern California, USA with a pressure chamber and a stomatal diffusion porometer, and by floating leaves until saturated. The drought-deciduous Artemisia californica had water potentials < -65 bars by September. The species of evergreen sclerophylls fell into three groups: (1) A rctostaphzylos glauca and Ceanothlls greggii developed the lowest water potentials (< -65 bars) and showed stomata least responsive to water potential; (2) Rlius ol'ata, Rllus laitiriia, and Rlius initegrifolia had the highest water potentials (^- -25 bars) and stomata most responsive to water potential; and (3) Adlenostouza fasciciulatumii and Heteromiieles arbutifolia showed intermediate water potentials and stomatal responses. The coastal and inland sites did not differ in water relations within species and genus, although water stress occurred earlier in the summer at the coastal site. At the inland site, soil moisture content and plant water potentials were higher on the south-facing slope, indicating less water stress for species there than on the north-facing slope. Slope differences were not as well defined at the coast. Key ivortls: Adenostoma fasciculatum; Arctostaphylos glauca; Artemisia californica; Ceanothus greggii; cliaparral; Heteromeles arbutifolia; leaf resistance; plant water relations; Rhtis integrifolia; Rhtis laurina; Rhus ovata; sage, coastal; Salvia apiana; soltlieri Californiia.


Abstract : This Australian report presents a comprehensive introduction to the basic physics of the collapse of a shaped charge linear and the formation of the associated jet and slug. The hydrodynamic theory of the effect is treated in detail, and recent refinements of the theory are described. These include the calculation of a nonsteady Taylor angle formula, consideration of the inverse velocity gradient within the jet, and the effect of the compressibility of the liner material on jet formation.


THERE have been numerous attempts to show a relationship between certain of the cutaneous diseases and disturbances in hepatic function. This is not surprising when one considers that the skin is a parenchymatous organ many of the functions of which are similar to those of the liver. Such, for example, are the storage of carbohydrate, participation in cholesterol and sulfur metabolism, the synthesis of certain pigments and vitamins and the sharing of reticuloendothelial functions. Bulkley, 1 some thirty years ago, was one of the first to point out a relationship of hepatic function to cutaneous disorders, but his work was done before the days of the present laboratory tests of hepatic function and is of only historic interest. Falchi 2 in 1927 reported that a functional disturbance of the liver was observed in 40 per cent of the 96 patients with eczema that he studied. In 1930 Matsunobu 3 reported


The use of shear load connectors and reinforcing bar couplers in the construction of sports stadiums has increased rapidly in recent times, as their benefits over other building methods have become more widely recognised. This article examines a few examples from Ancon's project portfolio.


Rapid industrialization in many Asian developing countries has caused an explosive growth in energy consumption and an unsustainable environmental pressure: local water and atmospheric pollution are compromising the results of economic growth with health and ecological destruction, whereas increasing emission of greenhouse gases contributes to the global climate change. The key question is how to orient this industrialization process toward a more energy efficient and environmentally sound direction in order to avoid the errors made by the present day developed countries during their industrialization period. Rapid uptake of technological innovation, fostered by a high turnover of the capital stock and a strong trade orientation, and advantages as latecomers in the industrialization process may help these countries to adopt the latest available technologies in the form of clean process innovations, thus ``leap-frogging`` some of the problems associated with industrialization and avoiding many of the more serious environmental impacts of old technologies. This paper focuses its analysis on the role of technologic change in the greening of industrialization processes of Asian developing countries. After analyzing the technological causes of energy and environmental problems created by the rapid industrialization process in these Asian countries, the paper suggests that not only should the ``end-of-the-pipe`` more » cleaning technologies be widely promoted, but also the clean process innovations be encouraged, thus tackling the pollution problems in their roots. « less


This article describes the general principles of the damage control concept in the management of the haemorrhaging multiply injured patient in a civilian setting. Military practice, head injuries and burns as well as trauma in paediatric and elderly patients and pregnant women will not be covered.


Numerical estimation is one of the basic numerical skills associated with subsequent mathematical performance, however it has been poorly explored within deaf population. This is the first study that has analyzed this kind of performance through numerical estimation tasks, in order to define which model of representation is better adjusted with such performance. Participants were 52 deaf students from Cali-Colombia and Porto Alegre-Brazil, from 1st to 4th grade of elementary school, who performed a number estimation task on the number line. The results shown differences between Brazilian and Colombian students. The latter displayed a more stable performance and were more accurate in their estimates than the Brazilian ones, mainly in the 1st grade. In addition, Colombian students shown a stronger tendency to use linear type representations for the task.  For Brazilian students, greater increase of the accuracies was identified in higher grades and a greater variety of representations was used according to the numerical context. It is proposed that the factors of the sign language of each country as well as the pedagogical aspects may be influencing these differences, however, more studies are necessaries to improve these conclusions.


Global topological defects produce nonzero stress-energy throughout spacetime, and as a result can have observable gravitational influence on surrounding matter. Gravitational effects of global strings are used to place bounds on their cosmic abundance. The minimum separation between global strings is estimated by considering the defects' contribution to the cosmological energy density. More rigorous constraints on the abundance of global strings are constructed by examining the tidal forces such defects will have on observable astrophysical systems. The small number of observed tidally disrupted systems indicates there can be very few of these objects in the observable universe. Typeset using REVTEX Electronic Address: email@example.com Electronic Address: firstname.lastname@example.com 1


The direct and indirect significances of the simulation calculation of the diesel engine's fuel injection system is simply presented and the development of the simulation calculation of the fuel injection system for scores of years is elaborated. Based above that, the basic calculation mathematic models for the injection system are provided. At the same time, all kinds of hypotheses and solving methods for above models are analyzed fully. And so the further developing direction for the fuel injection system is put forward in this article.


This works is about the influence of ethics on strategy planning in the company PZB spol.s.r.o. The purpose of this works is to inform readers about individual operations of management, to introduce the conception of ethics, especially the ethics in context of business activity, to inform about the conception of strategy and strategic planning. This all is shown on the concrete company, where the present conditions is analyzed and simultaneously are showed feasible suggestions for improvement of present condition of the company.


Hijab is symbolyzed as marker modesty for moslem's women. Over time, it is not only seen as a loyalty, but as the existence of women in fashion in a community. In progress, H ijab follows liogic of market which eventually it makes for more fashionable just for business. This research explores of experience moslem's women using H ijab in a university in Kendari. Using a case study and experience of writer who interacts with student of moslem's women who wear the veil in a classroom are the method to collect the data. Critical Sociology is used as perspective of this study. This study found that some moslem's women wear hijab as religous view, and some stated only for lifestyle.


: Background: Elevated blood lactate level after cardiac surgery is an indicator of systemic hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia. Our aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between postoperative blood lactate levels and outcome in patients undergoing open heart surgery and to verify the clinical impact of hyperlactatemia (HL) and low lactemia (LL) after coronary artery bypass grafting in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality rate. Methods: Postoperative blood lactate level was measured in 96 patients. Low and high lactate level was defined as level less than or equal to 4 mmol/L in 69 (Group A) and more than 4 mmol/L in 27 patients (Group B) respectively. Preoperative, perioperative and postoperative details were retrieved from patient records. Results: Demographic characteristics, postoperative data were similar in both groups. Increased cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times in patients who underwent on pump were associated with a significant rise in postoperative lactate levels. Increased length of ICU stay (Group A 78.49 ± 41.96 vs. Group B 91.81 ± 59.44), mechanical ventilation time (Group A 9.47 ± 6.17 vs. Group B 15.07 ± 14.15) and higher mortality rates (Group A no=01 vs. Group B no=4) were also found in high lactate group. Conclusion: Longer duration of CPB and cross clamp time are associated with a significant increase in lactate levels during perioperative period and that increased lactate levels are directly associated with the increased duration of mechanical ventilation, postoperative ICU stay and mortality.


For any finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra, two ellipsoids (primary and secondary) are considered. The equations of these ellipsoids are Diophantine equations, and the Weyl group acts on the sets of all their Diophantine solutions. This provides two realizations (primary and secondary) of the Weyl group on the sets of Diophantine solutions of the equations of the ellipsoids. The primary realization of the Weyl group suggests an order on the Weyl group, which is stronger than the Chevalley-Bruhat ordering of the Weyl group, and which provides an algorithm for the Chevalley-Bruhat ordering. The secondary realization of the Weyl group provides an algorithm for constructing all reduced expressions for any of its elements, and thus provides another way for the Chevalley-Bruhat ordering of the Weyl group.


Impedance measurements collected using bipolar electrode configurations represent both tissue/electrode interface impedance and the impedance of tissues between electrodes. To evaluate how localized electrode/tissue interface conditions can impact measurements and their interpretation, electrical impedance of banana pulp samples with varying conditions of decaying tissue and electrode configurations were collected and compared. Changes in tissue impedance (represented as changes in the Cole-impedance model parameters) confirm that pulp samples with higher quantities of decaying tissue have lower resistance and higher peak frequency. Results support that while measurements are influenced by the localized electrode/tissue interface they are not dominated by them.


Review(s) of: Land of promises: Aborigines and development in the east Kimberley, by H.C. Coombs, H. McCann, H. Ross and N.M. Williams (eds), Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University and Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra, 1989, pp 165.


. The article is devoted to the issue of developing a mobile application designed to find the necessary audience in a particular building and help during evacuation in emergency situations, in particular, in the building of the Faculty of Engineering and Technology of Poltava State Agrarian University, testing its capabilities, as well as organizing training for students on orientation in an unknown building using the application as part of the discipline "Life Safety". The analysis of similar programs for orientation in an unfamiliar building showed that such mobile applications are usually used to teach how to behave in emergency situations. Thus, the need to develop our own app for both audience search and emergency orientation was identified. Much attention is paid to the development of the interface and design of the application in the Adobe XD program. The layout of the audience search page was developed, consisting of a diagram of the faculty building and a field for entering the digital value of the desired audience. The layout of the page for finding evacuation routes was developed, which additionally has a mark of the user's location on the building diagram, marks of the potential position of danger and evacuation routes. Unity with the 2D Mobile Core template was chosen as the game engine for developing the application. When designing the main menu, scripts of transitions between scenes of the application are provided. A diagram of the audience search algorithm was developed and the corresponding script for finding the required audience was written in C#. The search scene has a field for entering the classroom number, a button to start the search, and a diagram of the building floor. The found room is highlighted in green, which tells the user the direction of the route. The evacuation scene helps to identify ways out of the building in case of emergency. For intuitive use of the application, text prompts are displayed during this scene to help you indicate your location and the source of danger. Scanning an evacuation plan using augmented reality helps the app to automatically locate the user. In the course of teaching the "Life Safety" discipline, a laboratory work was developed where students studied the conventions and signs on the evacuation plan, acquired skills in reading an unknown building layout, and developed orientation skills, including using the app. The capabilities of the program we developed were tested on a sample of 107 students of various university specialties. The final survey of applicants about the use of the application showed a positive assessment.


Adolescent hallux valgus is a challenging pathologic entity that differs from adult onset hallux valgus. It is most commonly seen in females, and genetic predisposition plays a strong role in its development. Evaluation and treatment of this pathologic process are unique and both clinical and radiographic findings are considered. Surgical treatment is initiated when conservative measures fail and it should be for relief of pain, not for cosmesis. The authors' preferred treatment is to avoid surgery until skeletal maturity; however, if surgical treatment is required, distal chevron osteotomy is our treatment of choice. Proximal osteotomies are avoided in the skeletally immature patient.


Rationale: Dengue obstructive shock syndrome is a fatal complication commonly observed in the late critical phase of dengue infection and is associated with a high mortality rate. The main pathogenesis involves a dramatic increase in chest pressure, owing to severe plasma leakage and mechanical respiratory support, hampering the heart's ability to pump effectively and impeding adequate blood venous return to the heart chambers. To date, there is a paucity of clinical data about Dengue obstructive shock syndrome reported. Patient concerns: The 2 reported patients presented with prolonged and decompensated dengue shock with critical multi-organ failures and mechanical ventilation. The patients' hemodynamics were profoundly affected by high pressure in the thoracic and abdominal cavities resulting from Dengue-induced severe plasma leakage and mechanical ventilation. Diagnoses: Clinical presentations, laboratory data, mini-fluid challenge test, and point-of-care (POCUS) were used to make diagnoses and guide management. Interventions: Clinical monitoring, judicious fluid (colloids and blood products) administration guided by repeated POCUS to properly assess the adequacy of the intravascular volume, homeostasis adjustments by plasma exchange, and continuous renal replacement therapies. Outcomes: The patients had favorable outcomes. Lessons: Our study highlights the clinical manifestations and management of children with dengue obstructive shock syndrome and underscores the importance of monitoring hemodynamics by consecutive POCUS at the bedside in order to make a timely diagnosis and assess intravascular fluid volume inadequacy accurately as well as closely monitor the fluid management responses.


The invention discloses a method, a device and a system for unification of a heterogeneous data source. The method includes obtaining mapping relation between standard terms and private terms and the standard structure of the business scene where the standard terms exist after receiving the standardization processing request of the private terms, collecting the private terms in a private term system, standardizing the private structure of the business scene where the private terms exist according to the standard structure of the business scene where the standard terms exist, polling every datum in the structurally standardized private terms and standardizing every datum according to the mapping relation between the standard terms and the private terms. The method, the device and the system can construct the unification formulation base of the heterogeneous data source to achieve unification formulation of information of unification mechanisms from different regions and achieve true sharing.


Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of computer vision tasks, with the state-of-the-art results obtained through complex and deep structures that require intensive computation and memory. In the past, graphic processing units enabled these breakthroughs because of their greater computational speed. Now-a-days, efficient model inference is crucial for consumer applications on resource-constrained platforms. As a result, there is much interest in the research and development of dedicated deep learning (DL) hardware to improve the throughput and energy efficiency of DNNs. Low-precision representation of DNN data-structures through quantization would bring great benefits to specialized DL hardware especially when expensive floating-point operations can be avoided and replaced by more efficient fixed-point operations. However, the rigorous quantization leads to a severe accuracy drop. As such, quantization opens a large hyper-parameter space at bit-precision levels, the exploration of which is a major challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel framework referred to as the Fixed-Point Quantizer of deep neural Networks (FxP-QNet) that flexibly designs a mixed low-precision DNN for integer-arithmetic-only deployment. Specifically, the FxP-QNet gradually adapts the quantization level for each data-structure of each layer based on the trade-off between the network accuracy and the low-precision requirements. Additionally, it employs post-training self-distillation and network prediction error statistics to optimize the quantization of floating-point values into fixed-point numbers. Examining FxP-QNet1 on state-of-the-art architectures and the benchmark ImageNet dataset, we empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of FxP-QNet in achieving the accuracy-compression trade-off without the need for training. The results show that FxP-QNet-quantized AlexNet, VGG-16, and ResNet-18 reduce the overall memory requirements of their full-precision counterparts by 7.16×, 10.36×, and 6.44× with less than 0.95%, 0.95%, and 1.99% accuracy drop, respectively.


A group of 61 students who had previously (in 1986) been classified by Hansson, Rydén, and Johnsson in terms of perceptual fixity-mobility using a "free" Rod-and-Frame Test, were investigated regarding their interpretations of a nonfigurative stimulus shown repetitively at short exposure-times, and their characterization of two pictures each portraying two soldiers in intensive interaction—one man apparently attacking the other in the first picture and apparently rescuing or taking care of the other man in the second. Mobile subjects on the free Rod-and-Frame Test reported a larger number of different interpretations of the nonfigurative stimulus and construed it more frequently in terms of human themes than did the fixed subjects; in rating the pictures of soldiers, they used more extreme and complex characteristics. It appeared that, when confronted with ambiguous stimuli, the mobile individual moves both "horizontally", as it were, along the surface of objective reality, and "vertically", from present to past realities, thus conjoining subjective-emotional and objective-analytic aspects of perception. This interpretation agrees with Werner's model of mobility-fixity which implies that the mobile individual operates on different developmental levels of perceptual functioning.


With the rapid development of modern technology and the rapid spread of network information, the way people obtain news information has gradually shifted from traditional paper documents to electronic text. How to efficiently classify these electronic news texts has become a current research hotspot. In this paper, we introduce the concept of text classification and its main process, then summarize the existing classification methods and challenges now, as well as forecast the future trends.


Animal song appears in human music from a wide variety of time periods and cultures, but the way it is used varies enormously. In cultures where people interact intensively with the natural world, music is often used to communicate with non-human animals, whether for practical, spiritual, playful or other purposes. Music often serves to bridge the gap between humans and non-humans. In urban cultures, including those which nurtured the development of Western classical music, animal songs are more often used either symbolically or as sources of raw sound material to be transformed into "music" by the human composer. Communication with animals is seldom the goal, and animals are kept strictly as "other." However, recent discoveries of shared attributes between humans and other species (sign) language use in chimpanzees and self-awareness in dolphins, for example have been accompanied by a new willingness on the part of composers to accord animal songs intrinsic value. A number of recent composers have written pieces in which animal songs are given equal footing with their own music. Yet direct interaction with animals remains rare in the modern urban context: we are now willing to recognize the aesthetic work of animal songs, but not to engage in musical exchange with the animals themselves.


An iridium alloy doped with small amounts of cerium and thorium is being developed as a potential replacement for the iridium-based DOP-26 alloy (doped with thorium only) that is currently used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for cladding and post-impact containment of the radioactive fuel in radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) heat sources which provide electric power for interplanetary spacecraft. This report summarizes results of studies conducted to date under the Iridium Alloy Characterization and Development subtask of the Radioisotope Power System Materials Production and Technology Program to characterize the properties of the iridium-based alloy (designated as DOP-40) containing both cerium and thorium. Included within this report are data on grain growth of sheet material in vacuum and low-pressure oxygen environments, grain growth in vacuum of the clad vent set cup material, weldability, and the effect of grain size and test temperature on tensile properties. Where applicable, data for the DOP-26 alloy are included for comparison. Both grain size and grain-boundary cohesion affect the ductility of iridium alloys. In this study it was found that cerium and thorium, when added together, refine grain size more effectively than when thorium is added by itself (especially at high temperatures). In addition, the effect of cerium additions on grain-boundary cohesion is similar to that of thorium. Mechanical testing at both low ({approx} 10{sup -3}s{sup -1}) and high ({approx} 10{sup -3}s{sup -1}) strain rates showed that the Ce/Th-doped alloys have tensile ductilities that are as good or better than the DOP-26 alloy. The general conclusion from these studies is that cerium can be used to replace some of the radioactive thorium currently used in DOP-26 while maintaining or improving its metallurgical properties. The current DOP-26 alloy meets all requirements for cladding the radioactive fuel in the RTG heat source, but the new DOP-40 alloy could serve as a back-up alloy to be used if the costs of refining, handling, and transporting DOP-26 become prohibitively high.


AbstractSmecta is a nonfibrous Attapulgite (NFA), mostly composed of smectite. It was evaluated as a disintegrant in tablets made by direct compression as well as by wet granulation and using lactose and dicalcium phosphate as water soluble and water insoluble fillers, respectively. An inorganic clay, magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum), a modified starch (Starch 1500), a cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (Ac-Di-Sol), and a cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyplasdone XL) were used for comparative evaluation. Smecta performed well as a disintegrant in tablets made by either method. It was superior to Veegum and Starch 1500, but inferior to Ac-Di-Sol and Polyplasdone XL. In tablets with Smecta, dissolution of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was superior to those with Ac-Di-Sol.


Degradation of high frequency noise characteristics in 0.18 /spl mu/m NMOSFET induced by gate oxide breakdown has been characterized in the frequency range of 2 to 14 GHz. A serous degradation of microwave noise performance has been observed. The degradation mechanisms are analyzed by extraction of the channel and gate noise using a noise equivalent circuit model. It has been found that, gate shot noise, which is commonly ignored in the as-processed NMOSFET, plays a dominant role in determining the microwave noise performance in the post-oxide breakdown NMOSFET.


Over the past decade, intellectual capital evaluation is gaining importance as an approach for measuring intangibles, while the universities need a tool to manage the intangibles and to measure their performance in a new way. In order to deal with this requirement, this paper undertakes a proposal for evaluation intellectual capital in a Romanian University. This study contributes to broaden the research community's understanding about the importance of managing and publishing information of the intellectual capital of a university. This paper offers practical help to universities to develop instrument to identify and measure their intellectual capital.


On August 31, 2010, a five-segment demonstration motor (DM) for the Ares program was successfully tested. A series of demonstration motors (DMs) will be tested in different conditioned environments to confirm they meet their design specifications. The second demonstration motor (DM-2) was the first cold motor. The motor needed to be subjected to sub-freezing temperatures for two months so that its internal propellant mean bulk temperature (PMBT) was approximately 40 F. Several challenges had to be overcome to make this a successful test. One challenge was to condition four field joints to get the O-rings approximately 32 F. This would be done by applying conditioning shrouds to externally cool each field joint after the test bay was pulled off. The purpose of this conditioning was to validate the new O-ring design and allow joint heaters to be eliminated. Another challenge was maintaining temperature requirements for components in the nozzle vectoring system. A separate heating system was used to warm these components during cold conditioning. There were 53 test objectives that required 764 channels of data to be recorded; 460 were specific to DM-2. This instrumentation had to be installed prior to conditioning, which meant the baseline process and timeline had to be modified to meet this time critical schedule.


Abstract A primitive equation linear wave model is developed to examine the effects of mean zonal wind structure on the vertical propagation of stationary planetary waves and to identify the characteristics of the winter stationary waves forced by realistic topography and diabatic heating. An analytic mean zonal wind model is used to facilitate changing the wind structure parameters for comparative experiments. A more realistic mean wind profile is used to simulate the observed behavior of stationary waves more closely. The experiments confirm the sensitivity of vertical wave propagation to the mean wind structure, especially to the latitudinal curvature of the mean wind. The role of the polar night jet in channeling the planetary waves as they propagate vertically is emphasized. At is found that the latitudinal location of the polar night jet also has a significant influence upon the wave propagation. A mechanism is proposed to explain the possible connections between the change in the location of the po...


A growth mechanism for single crystalline hollow spheres was proposed based on the study of the formation process of single crystalline Cu2O multishelled hollow spheres. On the basis of transmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction analysis of the product collected at different formation stages, it is found that the nanoparticles with a size of 2−5 nm first formed well-crystallized porous shelled hollow spheres via oriented attachment, and then the porous shells were further crystallized and became compact by Ostwald ripening to form well-crystallized hollow spheres.


Oleamide is used as a lubricant in the manufacturing and application of polypropylene (PP) medical devices. Samples of PP were prepared with 0, 1500, and 15 000 ppm oleamide content as lubricant. The samples were either left non‐sterile, sterilized with ethylene oxide (ETO), γ‐radiation (γ) or autoclaved (A) and stored for up to 4 weeks. To determine the oleamide bulk‐to‐surface distribution depending on sterilization method and storage time an extraction method and a washing technique were applied. The oleamide content was determined by gas chromatography (GC‐FID) and compared with the coefficient of friction (COF). The COF dependent on the measured lubricant content at the surface. The content of lubricant on the surface depends on the type of sterilization: ETO increased the lubricant content to some extent, γ‐sterilization and autoclaving reduced it. After storage, no migration of the lubricant to the surface could be detected.


The title compounds, which differ in the substituent at the 4-position of the pendant benzene ring, show different packing motifs mediated by weak C—H⋯X (X = O or N) interactions. One of them is a polymorph of a known structure.


Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangrove plant is one type of mangrove that can be used as a new food source, because this species contains high carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to treat B. gymorrhiza mangroves into flour and processed into sticks. The study was divided into two stages, first treating B. gymorrhiza mangroves into flour including boiling, cutting, drying and grinding, secondly managing B. gymorrhiza mangrove flour into sticks including mixing ingredients, mixing dough, molding dough and frying. The first research was obtained yield of 27.96%, moisture content greater than SNI flour which was 14%, Total Plate Figures of 2.8x10 colonies/gram, and pH 5.0. The second study carried out organoleptic tests with two mangrove flour treatments namely 50% B. gymorrhiza +50% Wheat flour and 25% B. gymorrhiza +75% Wheat flour, from 41 semi-trained panelists the average value included appearance by 54% (25% B. gymorrhiza +75% Wheat flour), color by 36% (25% B. gymorrhiza +75% Wheat flour), aroma by 54% (50% B. gymorrhiza +50% Wheat flour), taste by 57 % (50% B. gymorrhiza +50% Wheat flour), and 51% texture like sticks of B. gymorrhiza mangrove flour. It was concluded that this study fully fulfilled the requirements for the management of flour and sticks so that it could be produced as a new food substitute for wheat, the B. gymorrhiza mangrove fruit.


Students learning American Sign Language (ASL) have trouble searching for the meaning of unfamiliar signs. ASL signs can be differentiated by a small set of simple features including hand shape, orientation, location, and movement. In a feature-based ASL-to-English dictionary, users search for a sign by providing a query, which is a set of observed features. Because there is natural variability in the way signs are executed, and observations are error-prone, an approach other than exact matching of features is needed. We propose ASL-Search, an ASL-to-English dictionary entirely powered by its users. ASL-Search utilizes Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) on a database of feature-based user queries to account for variability. To demonstrate ASL-Search's viability, we created ASL-Flash, a learning tool that presents online flashcards to ASL students and provides query data. Our simulations on this data serve as a proof of concept, demonstrating that our dictionary's performance improves with use and performs well for users with varied levels of ASL experience.


Warming-induced shrub expansion on Arctic tundra is generally thought to warm up permafrost, as shrubs trap blowing snow and increase the thermal insulation effect of snow, limiting permafrost winter cooling. We have monitored the thermal regime of permafrost on Bylot Island, 73°N in the Canadian high Arctic at nearby herb tundra and shrub tundra sites. Once adjusted for differences in air temperature, we find that shrubs actually cool permafrost by 0.6°C over November-March 2019, despite a snowpack twice as insulating in shrubs. By simulating the rate of propagation of thermal perturbations and using finite element calculations, we show that heat conduction through frozen shrub branches have a winter cooling effect of 1.5°C which compensates the warming effect induced by the more insulating snow in shrubs. In spring shrub branches under snow absorb solar radiation and accelerate permafrost warming. Over the whole snow season, simulations indicate that heat and radiation transfer through shrub branches result in a 0.3°C cooling effect. This is contrary to many previous studies, which concluded to a warming effect, sometimes based on environmental manipulations that may perturb the natural environment. The impact of shrubs on the permafrost thermal regime may need to be re-evaluated.


Over-the-Air (OTA) computation is the problem of computing functions of distributed data without transmitting the entirety of the data to a central point. By avoiding such costly transmissions, OTA computation schemes can achieve a better-than-linear (depending on the function, often logarithmic or even constant) scaling of the communication cost as the number of transmitters grows. In this work, we propose and analyze an analog OTA computation scheme for a class of functions that contains linear functions as well as some nonlinear functions such as $p$-norms of vectors. We prove error bounds that are valid for fast-fading channels and all distributions of fading and noise in the class of sub-Gaussian distributions. This class includes Gaussian distributions, but also many other practically relevant cases such as Class A Middleton noise and fading with dominant line-of-sight components. Moreover, there can be correlations in the fading and noise so that the presented results also apply to, for example, block fading channels and channels with bursty interference. There is no assumption that the distributed function arguments follow a particular probability law; in particular, they do not need to be independent or identically distributed. Our analysis is nonasymptotic and therefore provides error bounds that are valid for a finite number of channel uses. OTA computation has a huge potential for reducing communication cost in applications such as Machine Learning (ML)-based distributed anomaly detection in large wireless sensor networks. We illustrate this potential through extensive numerical simulations.


Since 1960, the Forest Service has been guided by the multiple-use concept, which recognizes five major uses for public lands—timber, water, range, recreation, and fish and wildlife habitat—and mandates that all five should be equally considered in management plans. In recent decades, however, it has become evident that people also value many other benefits offered by the natural world, such as support for indigenous cultures and sustainable communities, protection for endangered species, and carbon sequestration. The "ecosystem services" concept has emerged as a way to describe a much broader suite of goods and services, including those that are more difficult to quantify than the traditionally recognized major uses. The 2012 Forest Service planning rule requires that ecosystem services be addressed in assessment and planning. Researchers at the Pacific Northwest Research Station are working nationally and with individual forests to apply ecosystem services approaches to operations and management decisions. They are working to characterize commonly overlooked values, provide incentives for sustainable practices, and encourage inclusive, collaborative policymaking methods to ensure that input from stakeholder groups and individuals is considered prior to implementing management actions. In a recent general technical report produced by station scientists, the Deschutes National Forest is used as a case study to explore the application of the ecosystem services concept as described here.


In the paper the cheap and effective method of the synthesis of 3-heteryl substituted succinimides via catalytic Michael addition are presented. Lewis acids have been found to be effective catalysts for conjugate addition of N-aryl substituted maleimides to the heterocycles with donor-heteroatoms or CH-active function. Catalytic reactions proceed in mild conditions without formation of by-products that are often present in the classical Michael reaction. The compounds synthesized are promising and interesting substrates for biological evaluation since numerous natural products, drugs and drug candidates bear the succinimide core. Moreover, regioselectivity of addition of ambident heterocyclic nucleophiles such as 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiole, 1H-imidazole and 2-ami-no-1,3-thiazole to maleimides have been investigated. Lewis acids such as aluminium chloride, zinc chloride and lithium perchlorate have been tested on different heterocyclic substrates as catalysts. Interestingly, depending on nucleophilicity of the substrate different Lewis acids have shown significantly varying efficacy. In this respect aluminium chloride was identified as the most effective catalyst for C–C addition among the Lewis acids tested. Lithium perchlorate appears to be the most efficient in the case of C–N addition with the endocyclic nitrogen atom of the hererocycle. Zinc chloride shows a good catalytic efficacy in addition of maleimides to the exocyclic amino group of 2-aminothiazole. Finally, the advantages of the catalytic approach developed such as mild reaction con- ditions, easy handling, low toxicity of the catalysts and their low cost make this method useful for the synthesis of new 3-heteryl substituted succinimides, which, in turn, are interesting substrates in medicinal chemistry. за Міхаелем; каталізатор; малеїнімід; кислоти Льюїса; сукцинімід; регіосе-лективністьВ