T latest installment to the literature on the surgical treatment of migraine headaches by Dr. Guyuron and colleagues once again adds important, relevant, and robust information to our existing knowledge and understanding of this disease. Up to this point, the concept has been elucidated, the anatomy described in detail, the algorithm for treatment suggested, and 1-year follow-up reported.1 However, for those of us who perform migraine surgery, we have always had to advise our patients up front that the longevity of the surgical benefit is unknown. Although theoretically the surgical intervention should result in permanent improvement, assuming a complete release of the involved trigger points, we have not had reported published data to back up this theory. That is, until now. With this article, we can now report to our patients with confidence that the surgical results can last up to 5 years and the clock is still ticking. Apprehensive patients who may have been reluctant to pursue surgery may have their fears allayed, given this new information. This is especially poignant given that "a bridge is burned" by transitioning from chemodenervation with botulinum toxin to surgical intervention, given that the target of the botulinum toxin (that is, the neuromuscular junction) is removed during the surgical decompression of the nerve through muscular resection. When weighing the pros and cons of proceeding with surgery in the hopes of making a temporary improvement permanent, the lack of convincing data on the longevity of the surgical effect has proven to be a major psychological hurdle for the patients. This report will help many patients jump that hurdle. Although the intent of the study was to report on the long-term results of surgical decompression in the same cohort of patients initially reported on in 2005, there are several other important items mentioned within the study that deserve highlighting. The first is Guyuron et al.'s explanation as to why the results of their surgical decompressions have improved over time. Although new trigger points have been described, such as the auriculotemporal nerve intersection with the superficial temporal artery,2 perhaps the greatest ground has been gained with improved understanding of existing trigger points.3–7 Through this clarity, more complete, thorough, and successful decompressions have been performed, which have improved the percentage of patients who not only obtain significant improvement ( 50 percent in frequency, intensity, and/or duration of their migraines) but also complete elimination. For instance, Guyuron et al. make the point to resect the "glabellar muscle group" and not just the corrugator supercillii muscle. Given that most of the patients were diagnosed with a frontal trigger point in this location (93 percent), this technical modification is paramount to the success of the surgery both in the short term and now the long term as reported in this article. Furthermore, a more complete release of the greater occipital nerve, now that we are aware of at least six points of possible compression (including the occipital artery), has led to improved outcomes not only for Dr. Guyuron's group but for others as well.8 It should also be emphasized that most patients have more than one trigger point. In Guyuron et al.'s series, 63 of 69 patients (91.3 percent) had two or more. This will help guide the practitioner in examining for and isolating all trigger points in a given patient. In this article, Guyuron and colleagues reported that 10 of 79 patients followed for 5 years required additional surgery. It may be helpful to see a breakdown of what trigger


Dr. Britt's latest contribution to the professional literature of psychology and consumer behavior is a blockbuster, defined as "anything with a devastating effect," but perhaps with a delay fuse. The book has flaws but it does approximately accomplish the author's objective of demonstrating, in both theory and practice, how 188 psychological principles (almost axioms) are theoretically sound, of practical value to both consumers and business firms, and subject to further experimental testing. The book is divided into seven major parts. After a brief summary of existing consumer behavior models such as those by Howard and Sheth, Engel-KollatBlackwell, and earlier models, Britt outlines a new psychological theory of marketing developed by him. The remaining chapters of the book, Parts III through VIII, elaborate the subsystems of Britt's new model of communication, motivation, and buyer behavior. The Britt model is presented in the format of a computer program with elaborate subroutines and subsystems taking into account and weighing multiple variables. An interesting pan of the Britt model is that it appears to have developed from the bottom up, integrating various pieces of research data, rather than like the Howard-Sheth or Engel-Kollat-Blackwell (EKB) models which were derived from the top or theory down. Clearly, Britt could not have done this without the Howard-Sheth and EKB models to work from, but it is an interesting and novel approach. The 188 psychological principles are the underpinnings of his model and are carefully integrated into the overall model concept. Presentation of the psychological principles follows a set format: succinct statement of the principle; brief theoretical justification; and brief-sometimes very brief-summary of the experimental, opinion, and motivation research that supports the principle. The format is effective. The major audience for the book will be practitioners and consultants in the fields of marketing, marketing research in a number of its variations, promotion, graphics, and especially advertising. The volume is not a textbook, although it will be useful to both teachers and students. It has no cases or questions


Fractures of distal end radius are common fractures of the upper limb, and constitute 17% of all fractures and 75% of all forearm fractures 1. This fracture shows bimodal distribution of age with the fracture more commonly seen in children and elderly. The objectives of management for a distal end radius fracture should be restoration of range of motion and grip strength while facilitating the patient's early reinstation to normal daily activities and minimizing the chances of post traumatic arthritis. The treating orthopedician has an armada of treatment options to select from to accomplish this. Regardless of these fractures being common, there is no clear consensus on their treatment as there is no clear clinical-based evidence in the literature. For several decades, closed reduction and bridging external fixator for 4-6 weeks has been a well-established treatment of distal end radius fracture7. To reduce fracture fragments and maintain alignment, principle of ligamentotaxis is used by external fixation. This study aims to assess the functional outcome and duration for union in intraarticular distal radius fractures treated with external fixator using ligamentotaxis. The present study was carried out from 1ST December 2015 to 31ST January 2017 at Orthopaedic Department in Shri B. M. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Vijayapur. During this period 100 patients of intraarticular communited distal end radius fractures were treated surgically. We found 78% Excellent to Good results. 14 patients had Fair results while 8 patients had Poor results. Most common complication seen in our study were Pin Tract Infection (12%) and Restricted Wrist Motion (5%). It was concluded that external fixation offers good mode of treatment in communited fractures as they allow gradual distraction providing better functional and anatomical results in communited intraarticular wrist injuries.


This article discusses the concept of stabilization in psychoses, using the lacanian psychoanalytic theory. It seeks, using certain lacanian texts and some other readings, to reach the core of this concept's specificity in psychoanalysis, its possibilities and limits. Thus, it begins with the study of stabilization refered to the construction of a stabilized reality, through analysis of Schreber stabilization scheme, and introduces a way of thinking the work of stabilization beyond the significant dimension. Ends with the presentation of what Maleval names as the quaternary logic of delusion, which would be at stake in the delusional effort to convey stabilization


Starting from 2-naphthylamine,2,2′-diamino-1,1′-binaphthyl was obtained via oxidation,coupling reaction and rearrangement.Then 2′bromo-2-dimethylamino-1,1′-binaphthyl was obtained via diazotization,bromination and methylation in 49.7% yield.This compound was further treated with n-butyllithium,and then reacted with di-t-butylchlorophosphine to give the title compound in 66.9% yield.The overall yield of the four step reactions was 33.3%.


Hydroxychloroquine (HCH) is included in guidelines for treatment of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Data on increased risk of cardiovascular complications when using it have been published. Aim. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of HCH and azithromycine (AZM) combination for the treatment of the patients with COVID-19 in recommended by Russian Ministry of Health doses in real practice.Methods. 132 patients (62 men and 70 women of average age 59.2 ± 9.3 years), 59% of whom had cardiovascular comorbidities, were included in prospective сohort study. 112 patients took HCH + AZM (group 1) and 20 patients took other medications without potential cardiotoxicity (group 2). At the admission to the hospital and after 5–7 days of the treatment corrected QT interval was calculated, new rhythm and conduction disorders, other side effects and hospital mortality have been registering. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results. Elongation of corrected QT-interval within the normal range was registered in 22.3% of patients in group 1 and in 15% — in group 2. An increase in the QT length to the upper limit of the norm (480 msec) was observed in 1.8% of patients in group 1. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the number of patients with prolonged QT interval (RR = 1.488, 95% CI: 0.496–4.466, р = 0.478). The occurrence of new arrhythmias, conduction disturbances and allergic reactions was not recorded. Tolerability of combination HCH + AZM was satisfactory in the majority of patients. The hospital mortality in group 1 was 1.8%, in group 2 — 5% without statistically significant difference (p = 0.374). Conclusion. A combination of HCL + AZM according to the scheme recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the treatment of the patients with COVID-19 and cardiovascular comorbidity in inpatient conditions is safe.


In this era of technology where everything is getting automated, we are still relying on the old method of using pen and registers for attendance. This project aims to automate the attendance process using biometrics. In this project, Face Recognition and fingerprint have been used to mark attendance of students. This is implemented using Arduino UNO and Raspberry pi as the controllers. A fingerprint sensor is connected with Arduino and camera module with Raspberry pi. First, finger is scanned and then face is recognised with with the help of database. Final attendance is accessed via the internet by the authorized personnel.


The present invention discloses a novel, different from the past, water used as a fixed-curable polyurethane material and method for orthopedic bandages orthopedic outside, the main component of the polyurethane prepolymer stabilizer is maleic anhydride, and the mixed catalyst is alpha] (morpholinoethoxy - ethoxy) ethane [beta morpholino and anhydrous potassium carbonate. Since, containing conjugated double bonds of the maleic anhydride to polymers capable of adsorbing water and trace aqueous alkaline hydrate and the resulting gel after acidic group reactive with the maleic acid derivative isocyanato, whereby phenomenon prevents the premature curing during storage of orthopedic bandage material, i.e. prior to use.


INTRODUCTION Zambia is in subSaharan Africa, where less than 1% of global biomedical publications emanate, despite the fact that subSaharan African countries record the highest burden of diseases globally. Scientists in lowincome and middleincome countries lack the support needed to make significant contributions to their fields of research and advance equity and inclusion. Researchers have emphasised that education and research are key areas of training, capacity building and practice in lowincome and middleincome countries. The British Journal of Sports Medicine's Global Mentoring Programme is one initiative that can help develop research capacity in sports and exercise medicine and sports physical therapy (SEMS) towards advancing equity and science in the region. For example, the aforementioned initiative facilitated a collaborative relationship among the authors of this editorial. Further, collaborative efforts across cultures and nations like the 'Concussion care in Zambia' research initiative between the University Teaching Hospital Physiotherapy Department and concussion researchers in the USA can guide evidencebased practice in research and clinical practice and enhance equity and inclusion. 7 These 'topdown' initiatives are essential; however, local settings benefiting must be receptive to achieve the greatest impact. This would require a 'bottomup' systemdriven programme locally to raise the bar of SEMS research and practice in the African context. Public health research in Zambia largely focuses on infectious diseases, which consumes a significant portion of Researchrelated financial resources. In the global North, significant investments in SEMS are made and professionals use evidenceinformed approaches to accomplish the goal of optimal athlete performance and wellbeing. While the wider political and economic context in Zambia has been influential in shaping the governance of sport, it has lagged in developing and standardising SEMS as a key bench mark for the success sports in Zambia. There is a need to produce a cohort of researchers in SEMS who possess the requisite competencies to address the issues relating to athlete health locally. Improvement in SEMS research within universities will help guarantee sustainable development by strengthening local physical and human resources. High professional competency can be achieved when countries invest in SEMS programmes at the university or college level. SEMS clinicians embrace evidencebased practice to improve quality of care and performance outcomes, ultimately improving the overall health of the community. The field of SEMS research is not practised in Zambia at university level. We highlight contextual challenges to conducting research and developing the SEMS field in Zambia, and recommend pathways and phases for improvement to generate a research agenda that could advance the field of SEMS in Zambia.


This paper provides a general framework for modifying chaotic systems on the premise of preserving chaos. It formulates effective techniques to construct some derivative systems from an existing ch...


Objective:To establish a two-dimensional electrophoresis technology tissue protein of colon carcinnma. Methods: Lysis buffer of different volume was taken to extract tissue proteins of colon carcinoma,and different protein quantities (1mg,2mg,3mg) different preparation ways were taken to establish a two-dimensional electrophoresis. Coomassie brilliant blue was applied to stain protein,and patterns were analyzed. Results:With a molecular mass between 6.5~200ku and isoelectric points (pI) from 3~10,1mg proteins obtained 569 protein spots,2mg 786,and 3mg 835. Pattern of 2mg protein and the sample two were the best. Conclusion:A two-dimensional electrophoresis technology on tissue protein of colon carcinoma has been established successfully.


The Sin-Wol filtration plant was an urban infrastructure and off-limits to the public. It is recreated as a representative experiential theme park in the southwest area. It has not only provided places to relax, but has made a new model of urban park by reusing advantages. The current lack of easy access into the park area almost isolates it like a green island. The neighborhood surrounding the park does not have many physical connections to the park to be able to use it. By connecting the surrounding communities with numerous access points into the park and linking the hiking trails and bike paths, the city's need for open space and recreation would be far better satisfied than before. This would allow for the use of the valuable assets of the existing forest and open space.


Marie Curie was Polish born, her maiden name was Sklodowska. Her father was a high school teacher, an able physicist; her mother was a teacher as well. They were keen patriots and most unhappy about the sad fate of their fatherland. Poland was under the heel of tsarist Russia. Supervisors were sent from Moscow to verify if the school children were brought up as Russian patriots and were taught extreme loyalty towards the Tsar, his family and the Russian Government. Father Sklodowska got into difficulties with the supervisors, difficulties which further contributed to Marie Sklodowska's hatred towards the tsarist regime. The hatred was so deeply rooted that Maria and her schoolmates cheered the news of the murder of the Tsar Nicolaus the Second. She was a hard worker with a sharp brain. the best scholar of her class. Finishing high school not yet 18 yr old she became a governess in the house of a well-to-do family, trying to make some money that would enable her to study outside Poland. Both Germany and Austria were enemy countries occupying Polish territory. She chose France. a free country, where science and art had a high standing. Maria Sklodowska left for Paris and intended to return to Warsaw after finishing her studies. The goal at which she aimed ardently was to work for her country. She first hesitated on what to study, the choice being between sociology, literature and science. She finally decided on the last mentioned discipline. While governess for three years she earned little money. In those days the German railways had four classes. The fourth class was much like a freight car in which just a bench was placed. Maria Sklodowska could only afford a fourth-class ticket when traveling through Germany. She arrived in Paris in the fall of 1891 with a minimum of luggage.


The deposition of amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) in the brain is a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have reported that Aβ pathology can be transmitted among individuals through medical procedures in humans, as well as animal models, and the prevention of Aβ pathology transmission is of great importance to public health. To assess the effect of autoclaving (AC) or gamma (γ)-ray irradiation on Aβ pathology transmission, we evaluated the seeding effect of Aβ aggregates using thioflavin T (ThT) assays and high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) and investigated the structural changes in the Aβ aggregates after treatment with AC or γ-ray irradiation using ThT assays, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy (EM). The ThT assays and HS-AFM showed that the seeding effect of Aβ aggregates was inactivated by AC at different temperatures, exposure times, and concentrations of Aβ aggregates during treatment with AC. The results of the ThT fluorescence and CD spectral patterns of the autoclaved Aβ aggregates indicate that AC reduced β-sheet-rich structures in Aβ aggregates. The EM images demonstrated that the length of the autoclaved Aβ aggregates with fibril-like structures was significantly shorter than that of the untreated ones. Gamma-ray irradiation of Aβ aggregates did not lead to significant inactivation of the Aβ seeding effect or cause structural changes in Aβ aggregates. In conclusion, autoclaving Aβ aggregates decreases β-sheet-rich structures and reduces Aβ seeding activity, which could lead to the development of effective methods for preventing the propagation of Aβ pathology among individuals.


D ept. ofPhysics and A stronom y, U niversity ofC al ifornia Los A ngel es,Los A ngel es,C A 90095 (D ecem ber 31,2013) O pti calm easurem ents of the realand i m agi nary frequency dependent conducti vi ty of uncom pen-sated n-type si l i con are reported. T he experi m ents are done i n the quantum l i m i t, h! > kB T , across a broad dopi ng range on the i nsul ati ng si de of the M etal-Insul ator transi ti on (M IT). T he observed l ow energy l i near frequency dependence show s characteri sti cs consi stent w i th theori es of a C oul om b gl ass,but di screpanci es exi st i n the rel ati ve m agni tudes ofthe realand i m agi nary components. A t hi gher energi es w e observe a crossover to a quadrati c frequency dependence that i s sharper than expected over the enti re dopant range. T he concentrati on dependence gi ves evi dence that the C oul om b i nteracti on energy i s the rel evant energy scal e that determ i nes thi s crossover. D oped sem i conductors cl ose to the M IT are system s i deal l y sui ted for the study of strong el ectron-el ectron i nteracti ons. B el ow a cri ti caldopi ng the m ateri ali s an i nsul ator,i. e.atzero tem peraturetherei sno D C conduc-ti vi ty. T he charge carri ers are l ocal i zed i n the A nderson sense,and screeni ng i sreduced from the m etal l i c regi m e. A nderson coi ned the term Ferm i gl ass to descri be a non-i nteracti ng di sordered i nsul ati ng system w hose uni-versalproperti es,i ndependent ofsystem speci c detai l s, aredeterm i ned by Ferm istati sti csal one[ 1] .M ott' sori gi-naltreatm entofsuch a system [ 2] ,w hi ch hasa ni te den-si ty of states at the Ferm il evel ,but w here l ocal i zati on m akesan i nsul ator,di d notaddressthe i ssue ofel ectron-el ectron i nteracti ons as poi nted out by Pol l ak [ …


Planning styles, family characteristics, and sociodemographic factors were exam ined in a purposive sample of 203 single parents. Three planning styles emerged: goal-centered, resource-centered, and constrained. Both single-parent mothers and fathers most frequently used a goal-centered planning style. The resource- centered style was used most often by mothers with higher levels of education or who owned homes and by fathers with smaller households who were in lower occupational statuses. Mothers who used a constrained style were younger or in lower occupational statuses.


The operation here described is based on principles somewhat at variance with those now current, and I beg your indulgence if I speak dogmatically while trying to make its features plain. I have to offer as an excuse the good results I have attained and the rather chaotic condition of the whole subject in the literature. STRUCTURES CONTRIBUTORY TO THE OBSTRUCTION. We are not accustomed to consider the male pelvic outlet as of surgical importance, but we must now revise our ideas of pathogenesis and treatment of prostatic obstruction if my theories are true, and concede that the bones and ligaments also of the pelvis have much to do with compressing the urethra in prostatics. I contend that unless there is crowding together of the walls of the prostate by outside pressure, enlargement alone will not cause stoppage. That this crowding does take place I will endeavor to show. Were


Objective To study the application of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)detection in cerebrospinal fluid on the early diagnosis of central nervous system leukemia(CNSL).Method The concentrations of LDH in cerebrospinal fluid from 64 cases were detected by the rate method.Results The average LDH concentration of the patients with CNSL was 29.96±2.36U/L,which was obviously higher than those in the controls.The statistical analysis(t-test)showed significantly different(P0.01).The average LDH concentration of the non-CNSL patients had no statistical significance compared with the healthy group(P0.05).Conclusion The detection of LDH in cerebrospinal fluid can be regarded as an index of early diagnosis for CNSL.


The concept of bounded highway dimension was developed to capture observed properties of road networks. We show that a graph of bounded highway dimension with a distinguished root vertex can be embedded into a graph of bounded treewidth in such a way that u-to-v distance is preserved up to an additive error of epsilon times the u-to-root plus v-to-root distances. We show that this embedding yields a PTAS for Bounded-Capacity Vehicle Routing in graphs of bounded highway dimension. In this problem, the input specifies a depot and a set of clients, each with a location and demand; the output is a set of depot-to-depot tours, where each client is visited by some tour and each tour covers at most Q units of client demand. Our PTAS can be extended to handle penalties for unvisited clients.
We extend this embedding result to handle a set S of root vertices. This result implies a PTAS for Multiple Depot Bounded-Capacity Vehicle Routing: the tours can go from one depot to another. The embedding result also implies that, for fixed k, there is a PTAS for k-Center in graphs of bounded highway dimension. In this problem, the goal is to minimize d so that there exist k vertices (the centers) such that every vertex is within distance d of some center. Similarly, for fixed k, there is a PTAS for k-Median in graphs of bounded highway dimension. In this problem, the goal is to minimize the sum of distances to the k centers.


A straightforward approach for designing fuzzy logic based controllers in Matlab/Simulink environment is presented in this paper. The approach focuses on the fuzzy rule base construction using the time varying values of control error (e) and its change (∆e) mapped on e-∆e space. In order to show the generalized model simplicity of the proposed approach, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed in Matlab/Simulink environment. For validation, the generated FLC block is simulated to control five different systems such as a PMDC motor speed control system, a position control system, a radar tracking control system, a synchronous generator voltage control system, and loadfrequency control of a two-area power system. The simulation results obtained by FLC are also compared with the results obtained using PID controllers for applicability validation of the developed FLC block in Matlab/Simulink environment.


The word Κύριος occurs twice in Romans 14:4. Translations differ with respect to the capitalization of these two instances - the main problem being whether Κύριος should be taken to refer to Christ or to a human master. In this article, the matter is investigated by first examining the context in which this verse occurs and thereafter taking a closer look at the verse itself.


Taiwan has become an aged society, meaning 20% of its citizens will be over 65 years by 2030. In order to provide a better health service for the elderly, the National Health Insurance Administration had launched the home pharmaceutical care services through community pharmacies in Taiwan. Traditionally, the community pharmacies use paper-and-pencil dorms to record the interview during their home visit for the patients. There is an urgent need to create an efficient and effective information system for community pharmacies to implement home pharmaceutical care services. The aim of this study was to develop a medication information system with a built-in database using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) when pharmacists practice their community pharmaceutical care services. The benefits of REDCap providing data integrity, cost savings and a shorter time for data entry for community pharmacists. In addition, we investigated the satisfaction and effectiveness of community pharmacists using REDCap as their pharmaceutical care services. The results show that community pharmacists are satisfied with REDCap, which can provide both convenience and efficiency for their home pharmaceutical care services.


Purpose: The objective of this study was to measure the environmental impact of five different laboratory-scale constructed wetland (CW) treatment systems with varying design approaches, which have been employed to treat different types of wastewater. Moreover, the present study also assessed the feasibility of treating landfill leachate using four different hybrid wetlands built outdoors, and analyzed the environmental viability based on the life cycle assessment (LCA). Primarily, the choice of media materials has been the focus of evaluating the sustainability of the systems, as for each system the media materials cover major material consumption and define treatment performance. Methods: This study applied a life cycle assessment using the SimaPro software tool to quantify the environmental impacts from the constructed wetland systems. Primarily, the LCA has been applied by adopting the ReCiPe 2016 method with cross-validation using the Impact 2002+ method. Moreover, an uncertainty analysis has been performed to determine any uncertainties involved in the datasets, along with sensitivity analysis on the inventory. Results and discussions: As the results suggest, the systems employed for wastewater treatment using cement mortar have the highest environmental burden. In contrast, the natural media choices, sugarcane bagasse and coco-peat, have proved to be environmentally favorable. Media employment from recycled materials like brick and steel slag could significantly redeem the previous environmental burdens of these materials, providing treatment efficiency. However, the systems employed for landfill leachate treatment revealed the CW using brick chips as the most vulnerable system with regards to environmental concerns, implying that the media brick chips are certainly the major contributor behind this high leap in the scale. However, both the systems worked very well in the carcinogenic category, providing good treatment performance, and eventually exerting lesser impact. Conclusion: The overall assessments suggested choice of media materials are essential to deciding the sustainability of a CW design. However, the CW is more beneficial and environmentally friendly than the other treatment methods, until the design scale has a high capacity. Nevertheless, the choice of the LCA method is also significant, while measuring impact scales.


In most of the developed and developing countries, the air pollution and airborne
particulate matter (PM) such as PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 has increased rapidly in the last
few decades. PM Concentration and increase in air pollutants has not only degraded the
air quality but also has brought many health hazards problems by inhaling these small
particulates. Therefore, it is necessary to have a portable and costeffective solution for
monitoring the air pollutants, air quality index along with its PM Concentration. So, we
have proposed an IoT Based System using ESP32 Wi-Fi Module & PMS5007 Particulate
Matter PM2.5 & PM10 Sensor. The device when powered on starts measuring the
Particulate Matter Concentration in Air & displays the real-time value on a 0.96″ OLED
Display. The ESP32 also connects to the Wi-Fi Network and uploads the data to the Web
Server. Using the Local IP address of ESP32, you can get the PM1.0, PM2.5 & PM10
value on any Web Browser. The Air Quality Index (AQI) value anything above 50 is
unhealthy for breathing. So, when the pollution level exceeds in air, the fan turns on
automatically to blow fresh air. Instead of Fan, you can use any other air freshening device
like aconnected to the relay.


Summary The literature suggests that geographic mobility, both inside one's country and internationally, will be associated with general ethnic tolerance. A national survey (n = 1277) was conducted in Canada employing measures of geographic mobility and a variety of scales of general ethnic attitudes. Results indicated that geographic mobility was positively associated with general ethnic tolerance independently of respondents' ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and type of mobility (intranationally or internationally).


as possible not to be amazed and chagrined to find that the Latin Americans do not want our way of living. Fifth, we need to know that because of this basic desire to be different, each country in Latin America, each subdivision of the larger countries, constitute a unique and separate problem. No general policy of economic development will fit every case, and the effort to enforce or administer a general policy may have very bad results. Each country must be faced as a separate problem not only because of the differences of each land base, each endowment of resources, but also because of deep seated differences in the attitudes and traditions of the people. In dealing with Latin America there is no short cut for knowing about these differences and what they mean. Finally, let us appreciate what has been accomplished in Puerto Rico. During the last decade that island has been transformed from a horrible ex-


An optical technique is described which uses velocity interferometers to determine the large particle velocity changes associated with plane shear‐wave propagation. In this technique two velocity interferometers are used to monitor different diffracted laser beams from a surface which undergoes both longitudinal and shear motion. Fringes produced in the interferometer are proportional to a linear combination of both the longitudinal and shear components of the free‐surface velocity. The technique has been used successfully to monitor the free‐surface velocity of a Y‐cut quartz specimen impacted by an X‐cut quartz plate. Although the present shear‐wave velocity profiles are limited to an accuracy of ±10%, the accuracy can be easily increased by an order of magnitude by using longer delay legs and larger diffraction angles.


This paper explores the effects of the retirement rule of the Brazilian social security system, which gives a lifetime income after a certain number of working years, on the individual choices with respect to entrance and exit from the labor force. These results are compared with those ones that would be obtained under the rule of retirement after a certain age and under a capitalization regime in which the individual himself provides for his retirement. Our main finding is that the Brazilian regime incentives early entrance and early retirement from the labor force, a large waste of resources for society.


The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and 13C chemical shift values of ABZ-TNB [ABZ-TNB: 2-aminobenzimidazole-trinitrobenzene] and ABZ-PA [ABZ-PA: 2-aminobenzimidazole-picric acid] in the ground state were calculated by using density functionals (B3LYP and PBE1PBE) and Hartree-Fock (HF) methods with the 6–31 ++ G(d,p) basis set. Furthermore, the electronic spectrum of title complexes was calculated with the time dependent DFT levels (TD-PBE1PBE and TD-B3LYP) and HF (TD-HF) method starting from the ground state geometry optimized in the gas phase. A detailed assignment of vibrational spectra was made on the basis of the calculated potential energy distribution (PED). Total static dipole moment (μ), the mean polarizability (〈α〉), the anisotropy of the polarizability (Δα), the mean first-order hyperpolarizability (〈β〉), highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, chemical hardness (η) and electronegativity (χ) of ABZ-TNB and ABZ-PA complexes were also investigated with quantum chemical calculations. Additionally, data obtained from quantum chemical calculations were compared with the experimental ones.


This paper addresses the stabilization problem of an uncertain intrinsically nonlinear SISO plant containing non-smooth nonlinearities (dead-zone, backlash, hysteresis) in the actuator device. A unified framework for its solution is here proposed, assuming that the parameters of the nonlinearities are uncertain as well. To this purpose, the hysteresis model used in [8] has been modified into an "extended" one, and a robust control law ensuring asymptotic stabilization has been synthesized using it. The resulting controller has been shown to be a full generalization of previous results (it includes, as particular cases, control laws [3] previously developed for backlash and dead-zone), ensuring also that the inner "forbidden" part of nonlinearity characteristics is never entered, even in the presence of uncertainties. Theoretical results have been validated by simulation on a simple mechanical system.


In this article, technology of catalyzed oxidation desulphurization with manganese sand fixed bed was employed to conduct the experiment of catalyzed oxidation desulphurization for unhairing alkali swelling wastewater in leather making, and the catalysts of packings such as manganese sand, dolomite, and coal gangue were used and their performances were compared with each other. The study indicated that the manganese sand has the characteristics of stable and effective process in comparison with several present domestic and foreign catalyzed oxidation methods.


The eleventh part of the OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars (OIII-CVS) contains 16836 RR Lyr stars detected in the OGLE fields toward the Galactic bulge. The total sample is composed of 11756 RR Lyr stars pulsating in the fundamental mode (RRab), 4989 overtone pulsators (RRc), and 91 double-mode (RRd) stars. About 400 RR Lyr stars are members of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy. The catalog includes the time-series photometry collected in the course of the OGLE survey, basic parameters of the stars, finding charts, and cross-identifications with other catalogs of RR Lyr stars toward the Milky Way center.
We notice that some RRd stars in the Galactic bulge show unusually short periods and small ratio of periods, down to P_F=0.35 days and P_1O/P_F=0.726. In the Petersen diagram double-mode RR Lyr stars form a parabola-like structure, which connects shorter- and longer-period RRd stars. We show that the unique properties of the bulge RRd stars may be explained by allowing for the wide range of the metal abundance extending up to [Fe/H]=-0.36.
We report the discovery of an RR Lyr star with additional eclipsing variability with the orbital period of 15.2447 days. Some statistical features of the RR Lyr sample are presented. We discuss potential applications of our catalog in studying the structure and history of the central region of the Galaxy, mapping the interstellar extinction toward the bulge, studying globular clusters and the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy.


Abstract Wedge crack test results of adhesively bonded, inorganic primed, short time, room-temperature acid-treated aluminum surfaces have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach in field repair of bonded structures. The required thickness of inorganic primer has been shown to be directly related to the metal adherend oxide structure. Satisfactory long term inorganic primer storage stability has been demonstrated.


Poly(arylene ether sulfone ketone) (SPESK) multiblock copolymer membranes having highly sulfonated hydrophilic blocks were synthesized. The degree of polymerization of hydrophobic blocks (X) was controlled to be 15, 30, and 60 and that of hydrophilic blocks (Y) to be 4, 8, 12, and 16. Morphological observation by scanning transmission microscopy (STEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that high local concentration of sulfonic acid groups within the hydrophilic blocks enhanced phase separation between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks. Rodlike hydrophilic aggregates were found to be interconnected very well, which resulted in high proton conductivity even at low relative humidity (RH). The ionomer membrane with X30Y8 and 1.86 mequiv/g of ion exchange capacity (IEC) showed 0.03 S/cm at 80 °C and 40% RH, which was a comparable or higher proton conductivity than that of the state-of-the-art perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion) membrane. The longer blocks induced higher proton conductivity; howev...


Background and Objectives Although the recent approval of selumetinib is expected to transform the management of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), particularly those with symptomatic and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas, no systematic review has summarized its efficacy and safety based on the latest studies. This study was conducted to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of selumetinib in children with NF1. Methods Original articles reporting the efficacy and safety of selumetinib in patients with NF1 were identified in PubMed and EMBASE up to January 28, 2021. The pooled objective response rates (ORRs) and disease control rates (DCRs) were calculated using the DerSimonian–Laird method based on random-effects modeling. The pooled proportion of adverse events (AEs) was also calculated. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Results Five studies involving 126 patients were included in our analysis. The studies had a very low to moderate quality of the evidence. The pooled ORR was 73.8% (95% CI 57.3%–85.5%) and the DCR was 92.5% (95% CI 66.5%–98.7%). The 2 most common AEs were diarrhea, which had a pooled rate of 63.8% (95% CI 52.9%–73.4%), and an increase in creatine kinase levels, which had a pooled rate of 63.3% (95% CI 35.6%–84.3%). Discussion Our results indicate that selumetinib is an effective and safe treatment for pediatric patients with symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas. Further larger-scale randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the long-term outcome of patients treated with this drug.


Theoretical physics; applications of vectors, matrices, tensors and quaternions , Theoretical physics; applications of vectors, matrices, tensors and quaternions , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


Sulfur-Hexafluoride (SF6) is used in electrical transmission and distribution since the early 1960's. After the first years of experience in high voltage equipment, the first medium voltage switchgears using SF6 for insulation were launched in the world market in the early 1980'ties. The excellent dielectric properties made it possible, that SF6 is used today in all voltage ranges beginning at 12 kV. The market share of products filled with this gas in electrical distribution is steadily growing. In some segments, such as secondary distribution about 50% of all delivered ring main units (RMU) are using SF6. The environmental problems caused by the increase of world wide industrialization and an increasing public interest in environmental issues led to a survey to find out which gases could have caused the global rise of temperature. After this study it was agreed in the Kyoto Protocol [1], that the industrial countries shall reduce the amount of gases, that are contributing to the green-house effect. One of the gases contributing is SF6.


A familiar theme in Parliamentary agitation from the 1580s onwards was the demand that, in the interests of national security, those Catholics owning weapons and armour should be dispossessed of all but a few of them until they conformed in religion. They were to be left only with sufficient swords, daggers, brown bills and pike-staves to defend their homes and families. Confiscated arms not already sold to an approved buyer had still to be shown at musters; but one of the marks of gentility was no longer assured to recusants accustomed, in Sir Thomas Tresham's words, 'daily [to] go armed with weapons as a badge of… vocation.'


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) for the recovery of walking ability and comprehensive function after thoracolumbar spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Sixty patients with SCIs in a thoracolumbar segment were assigned to a treatment group or a control group with 30 in each.Both groups received similar conventional rehabilitation training,but the patients in the treatment group were additionally treated with BWSTT (30 to 40 min,once daily,5 d/week,30 days for a course,a total 3 courses).The American Spinal Injury Association lower-extremity motor function assessment (ASIA),a functional comprehensive assessment (FCA),the walking ability assessment from the FCA (WA) and the modified Barthel index (MB1) were used in the assessment of the two groups before and after treatment.Results There were no significant differences in the two groups' average ASIA,FCA,WA or MBI results before treatment.After treatment ASIA,FCA,WA and MBI scores had all increased significantly in the treatment group compared with before treatment,and were significantly higher than in the control group.Conclusion As a supplement to conventional rehabilitation,BWSTT can improve walking ability and comprehensive function significantly after thoracolumbar spinal cord injury.

Key words:
Spinal cord injury;  Body weight supported treadmill training;  Walking ability;  Comprehensive functioning


This essay looks into the meaning of today's professionalism and theapparent inconsistency between its growing status and a context of profound changes anddissatisfaction with medical practice. The cultural climate of our times is reviewed, as theframework for understanding changes in the social organization of medicine. One of the criticaltraits of professions has been their power to manage specialized knowledge under their ownstandards, without external control. The limits of this self regulation of expertise have faded,representing an important threat for professionalism. Together with the fundamental changes andtensions of work conditions for professionals, however, the appeal of professionalism is on the rise.Because of its ability to submit devastating individualism to collective interests, professionalismcan contribute to the stability of social systems, as a third logic, between the market and publicorganizations. In medicine, professionalism as a value based system and ideology, also emergesas a response to the challenges posed to its practice. It represents reflection and preservation oftraditional values inspiring a practice of excellence, which will undoubtedly restore and enhancepublic confidence in medicine (Rev Med Chile 2006; 134: 520-4).(


Although many tropical timber species are commercially harvested, few research studies have focused on their regeneration, growth rates and/or techniques for sustainable harvesting. The absence of this type of information is one of the main weaknesses of forest management plans developed in the Mexican tropics. This is reflected, for example, in the continuous reduction of harvested volume of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata) from the tropical forests of Quintana Roo, México. A secondary effect of the reduced commercial volume of mahogany and Spanish cedar is an increment of the number of species harvested and the volume of those species. Among these species is Tzalam (Lysiloma latisiliquum), and the objective of this study was to contribute to the knowledge about the growth and regeneration of this species in Quintana Roo. By studying 74 Tzalam trees from 2002 to 2008 (within a commercially managed forest), it was found an annual growth rate of 0.41 cm and no presence of individuals with DBH between 2 and 10 cm in 176 30-m2 plots. Of Tzalam trees that were found, 84% were on black soil which represents only 5% of soil in the forest. The future sustainability of Tzalam is seriously threatened by the lack of individuals with DBH between 2 and 10 cm.


This paper describes how the fiscal environment for today's public agencies includes reduced staffing levels, reduced capital resources, increased expectations for services provided and increased restrictions for travel and educational sessions. In addition, there is a greater dependence on cross-training and on employees being proficient in many and varied job assignments. The Iowa Public Employees Leadership Academy is a training program designed to develop better (and/or new) leaders and supervisors. It provides a curriculum to train the next generation of leaders replacing existing leaders when retirements occur. In addition, the Academy provides cross-training, allowing management the full use of the new leaders' resources. The development and implementation of the Academy has been conducted as a research project of the Iowa Highway Research Board (IHRB). The IHRB is composed of representatives from state, county, and local transportation agencies. A Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) has been assembled to oversee the development and implementation of the Academy. The TAC provided a vision and identified 10 core modules to be developed, presented online, and incorporated into professional association meetings and conferences. As the TAC worked through the development of the first Academy modules, a process started to develop. The process includes 10 steps, starting with appointing a TAC and ending by recognizing the volunteers that contributed their time and efforts making presentations. The products that came from this research project are an identity to be used in the production of module content and promotional materials (a logo), a marketing plan, integration into conferences, workshops and training activities for professional organizations and agencies, identification of measures of success, and a process to conduct peer reviews. The TAC and the development teams have learned many things and have smoothed out the process. Throughout the development of the Academy, many adjustments were made to facilitate the content development, the recording activities, and the posting online. Those lessons are provided to assist others developing similar activities.


The relation between the incidence of gray-mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, and climatic conditions was evaluated on 14 clones of Eucalyptus spp. in a nursery localized in Belo Oriente, Minas Gerais, Brazil. All data was based on natural infection. The maximum, minimum and average temperatures, precipitation and relative air humidity were collected from 1991 to 2004. Disease incidence was evaluated monthly in 2004 on eucalyptus mini-cuttings in all phases of the clonal propagation. The presence of the pathogen was checked on water collected from the fertirrigation effluent. The intensity of gray-mold incidence was negatively correlated to the highest temperature. The results indicated that the maximum temperature is the variable that should be monitored for disease prediction. A higher risk of incidence of the disease occurs at temperatures below 27 oC. Among the 14 clones propagated in 2004, the clone 957 (Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid) showed the lower disease incidence, under natural conditions. It was also found that the fungus is commonly associated to eucalypt mini-cuttings due to the high relative humidity and free water on the host because of the frequent irrigation required for production of mini-cutting. In this case, the development of epidemy is reduced at mild temperatures. Furthermore, reutilized water collected from the fertirrigation effluent may contain pathogen inoculum.


Pantethine (600mg/day) was administered pero-rally to hemodialysis patients with type IIb and IV hyperlipidemia for three months. Various lipoprotein parameters before and after the drug administration were determined. VLDL (d< 1.006g/ml) and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL)(d=1.006-1.019g/ml) were isolated by pre-parative ultracentrifugation. High density lipoproteins (HDL) were separated by magnesium dextransulfate precipitation method. The measure-ment of sialic acid in VLDL was performed accord-ing to Warren's thiobarbituric acid assay. Lipid levels in VLDL, IDL and HDL were determined by routine methods, and protein concentration in VLDL and IDL by Lowry's method. The percent distribution of apo C-II and apo C-III in VLDL was estimated by Kane's polyacrylamide gel elec-trophoresis, and apo B levels in VLDL were determined by single radial immunodiffusion method. Consequently, the following results were sum-marized. These results led us to a conclusion that pantethine had no effect on VLDL sialic acid levels but increased HDL in parallel to the normaliza-tion of the deranged VLDL and IDL metabolism, regardless of a decrease in the apo C-II/C-III ratio of VLDL, in hemodialysis patients.


The global energy shortage and the requirement for energy systems that are sustainable has led to the widespread penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The intermittent characteristics of these Renewable Energy Sources make it a daunting task to integrate renewable energy, especially solar energy resources into the electric grid. The increasing number of Distributed Generation (DG) systems along with the existing non-linear loads create several issues due to variable output power and further worsens power quality problems like overvoltage, voltage fluctuations and harmonics. This paper describes an attempt on the development of a control strategy based on decoupled control with load harmonics extraction for the mitigation of power quality issues in grid integrated Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) systems. The performance of the grid integrated SPV system with linear and non-linear loads is investigated by simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. The effectiveness of the developed control strategy is validated by comparing the performance with an uncompensated system consisting of grid with linear and non-linear loads.


In electrosurgery radiofrequency (RF, 300 KHz—3 MHz) alternating current (AC) is used to raise intracellular temperature in order to achieve cutting or coagulation of soft tissue [1]. The type of tissue effect (e.g. cutting or coagulation) is dependent on many factors, such as activation time and electrosurgical waveform properties. Thus, modeling electrosurgical procedure in soft tissue is concerned with the behavior of deformable tissue within electromagnetic field under combined electric, thermal, or mechanical loadings. Furthermore, the Joule heating generated from the electromagnetic wave induces pressure changes on the cellular level due to evaporation of water, which leads to rupture of cellular wall resulting in very precise cutting and fragmentation of the tissue. Despite wide popularity of electrosurgery, the effects of cellular level mechanisms on the electro-thermo-mechanical damage of soft tissue have not been adequately understood. We have developed a multi-physics model to investigate the effects of cellular level mechanisms on the electro-thermo-mechanical response of RF activated soft tissue. Cellular level micromechanical model has been incorporated into the tissue level continuum model to accurately determine the thermodynamic states such as temperature and pressure. The micromechanical model based equation of state (EOS) provides the additional pressure arising from evaporation of intracellular and cellular water by absorbing heat due to Joule heating. A linear elastic material model is used to describe the deviatoric response of the tissue. A level set approach [2] is used to capture the interfacial evolution of tissue fracture (i.e. cutting) based on Griffith's fracture criterion [3]. A multi-physics based finite element model is developed to simulate the electrosurgical cutting of soft tissue. The coupled governing equations for current, temperature, deformation, and level set parameter fields are solved iteratively using Krylov subspace based iterative solver (e.g. GMRES). Not having to explicitly compute and store the finite element stiffness matrix of the coupled system reduces storage requirements, and computational complexities and costs compared to efforts based on explicit formation of stiffness matrix. The computational efficiency of the Krylov subspace based iterative solver is enhanced using a matrix-free block-preconditioner [4]. The model is shown to capture the characteristics of RF activated soft tissue deformation, temperature and fracture interface evolution.


A new class of deep-blue phosphorescent [3+2+1] coordinated iridium (III) complexes containing phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-based (C^C) bidentate ligands has been synthesized, characterized, and applied as phosphorescent dopants in the fabrication of vacuum-deposited...


The present work is based on the simulation of Sankey diagrams in five scenarios of energy operation, compared to the scenario of current energy operation of the crude dehydration plant at the Jaguar station, belonging to the Caracara block and operated by the company Cepsa Colombia S.A. During the first phase of the project, a description was given of the generalities of the Jaguar station, including the history of the Caracara block, geographic location, production history and production facilities and the operation of the station. In the second phase the description of the current energy framework of the Jaguar station was carried out, using Sankey diagrams and thermoenergetic indicators that allow quantitative evaluation of the current operation. Then the energy currents were interpreted through the Sankey diagrams for each of the energy operation scenarios, quantifying the thermoenergetic indicators of the process and then being able to evaluate each one of these scenarios.


Private enterprises participating in construction of the new countryside are in line with the private entrepreneurs' strong desire after their successful business.That also meets the requirement of the majority of cooperation and development between farmers and private enterprises.Private enterprise's participation in construction of the new countryside makes up for the inadequate investment in state funds.It provides business opportunities and stages for private enterprises as well.Private enterprises in Suzhou have the economic strength and inherent dynamics to support construction of the new countryside in Suzhou.The governments at all levels should strengthen the guidance and give more political support to the private enterprises.The government should also establish a longterm mechanism by further exploration.


This report presents the results of a technical assessment of pollution control technology for liquid and solid wastes expected from coal conversion processes. Treatment schemes which have been proposed for four typical liquefaction and gasification processes are evaluated and promising alternative approaches are identified. Analytical methods applicable to coal conversion waste streams are reviewed and assessment is made of the potential for stricter environmental standards resulting from better analytical techniques in the future. The implications of more stringent standards are discussed, including means to achieve zero discharge of liquid effluents. State-of-the-art treatment schemes are developed and detailed for each of four processes: Lurgi fixed bed gasification, Texaco entrained bed gasification, H-Coal catalytic liquefaction and Exxon Donor Solvent (noncatalytic) liquefaction. Various possible options for recycling of treated and untreated waste streams are identified for each process. It is found that the present data base is insufficient to assess completely the efficacy of proposed treatment schemes, and some waste management questions remain to be resolved. It is nonetheless concluded that these problems are surmountable and that effective means can be developed so coal conversion wastes can be handled in an environmentally acceptable manner.


Energy management strategy (EMS) of plug-in hybrid electric buses (PHEBs) has a very important impact on the fuel economy. Currently there is still huge room to improve the performance of EMS, regarding the optimisation and real-time application potentials. With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems, the emerging technologies, such as telematics, remote vehicle monitoring, cloud optimisation, and so on, provide an opportunity to realize this goal. Based on this, this study proposes an event-triggered intelligent EMS for PHEBs. Taking the demand torque of PHEB and the battery's state-of-charge as the inputs, and the electric motor torque as the output, triangle and trapezoid membership functions are chosen to construct a specialised fuzzy controller to accomplish torque split task in the studied PHEB. To further improve the fuzzy controller, an enhanced genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize its membership function parameters. Furthermore, to reduce the calculated load in the vehicle cloud optimisation process, an event-triggered mechanism is introduced. Finally, the proposed strategy is verified, and results show that the proposed strategy improves the fuel economy of the studied PHEB by 19% and 22% over that using the rule-based strategy, under the real-world driving cycle and China typical urban driving cycle, respectively.


Lucrecia Martel (b. 1966) is one of the best-known contemporary Latin American filmmakers. She is an innovative stylist who has gained worldwide recognition for her strange, oneiric, and sensorial feature films, which have won prizes at film festivals around the world. Martel has been seen as part of the wave of aesthetic experimentalism and the shift away from previous forms of filmmaking in Argentina that came to be known in the early 2000s as the "New Argentine Cinema," and early criticism of her work is often preoccupied with locating it within that trend, which was seen as intrinsically linked with the context of economic crisis in Argentina. Feminist perspectives on Martel's work were also among the first writings on her, later followed by a number of queer readings of her work. In addition, because of its formal innovations, critics of Martel's work have also paid sustained attention to aesthetic and cinematographic questions, especially around sound and the extra-visual senses, including touch and the haptic. Martel's first three features—La ciénaga (2001), La niña santa (2004), and La mujer sin cabeza (2008)—are often referred to as the "Salta Trilogy" and depict the life of the conservative middle classes in the provincial setting of Salta, Northwest Argentina, where Martel grew up. They have been read as critiquing gender, sexual, ethnic, and class power structures, while questions of phenomenology, the body, the senses, and the use of sound have also been to the fore. The more recent Zama (2017) is a departure from the earlier features in a number of respects: it is Martel's first literary adaptation (of Antonio di Benedetto's 1956 novel of the same name), the first of her features not to be set in Salta, and the first to have a male protagonist. Set in the colonial era, it is also Martel's first historical film. However, it shares certain aesthetic and thematic tendencies with the earlier films. In particular, early readings of Zama indicate that it will be read as an exploration of the colonial underpinnings of the racist, classist society examined in the earlier features. In addition, Martel has made a number of short films. Of these, Rey Muerto (1995) and Nueva Argirópolis (2010) have attracted the most critical attention.


A novel method is introduced to simultaneously recognize and segment time-varying human gestures from continuous video streams. Motion is represented by a 3D spatio-temporal surface based upon the evolution of a contour over time. The temporal endpoints of a gesture are estimated by Dynamically Time Warping the input sequence against a set of Compound Gesture Models, which are composed of the concatenation of two gestures. The system has been implemented and tested on 8 different gestures performed by 5 subjects at a variety of time scales. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is very effective, achieving recognition rates of 88.1% for multiple scale and 93.3% for single scale tests.


Abstract This paper illustrates how a mega-sports event such as the Sochi Olympics can generate renewed spaces for production of knowledge and counter-branding for marginalized groups. As the indigenous people of the area, the Circassians in different ways, locally and transnationally, used the 2014 Sochi Olympics to promote greater knowledge of local Circassian history. Such knowledge was for many decades suppressed, during the Soviet period as well as afterwards, in the Russian Federation. This paper discusses cases of Circassian counter-branding of local history that were observed in connection with the Sochi Olympics and in opposition to the Russian Olympics project. The paper contends that the processes of counter-branding made visible local indigenous knowledge that even the authorities in Sochi have gradually come to accept.


Air-film cooling holes were drilled into a turbine blade with a 532-nm Nd:YVO4 nanosecond laser in air and with coaxial waterjet assistance. The drilling quality of the sidewalls of the holes was investigated comparatively by means of a 3D confocal laser scanning microscope, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results have shown that the maximum thickness of the processing-induced defects around the air-film cooling holes drilled by the laser in air is up to 100 µm, while the holes obtained by means of the asynchronous operation of laser drilling in air and coaxial waterjet assistance indicate no spatter, oxide layer, recast layer or cracks. Compared with laser drilling in air, the minimum size of the heat-affected zone around the air-film cooling holes induced by asynchronous processing is decreased down to the sub-micrometer scale. The main phases in the oxide layer, recast layer and heat-affected zone are α-Al2O3, γ-Ni, and β-NiAl, respectively. Asynchronous processing can help us achieve high position precision and it will have wide application.
are α-Al2O3, γ-Ni, and β-NiAl, resp


Photographic work exhibited In the Freud Museum, Freud Museum, London (2002) curated by Darian Leader. Other artists were Darren Almond, Louise Bourgeois, Victor Burgin, Sophie Calle, Dinos and Jake Chapman, Matt Collishaw, Michael Craig-Martin, Martin Creed, Dorothy Cross, Richard Deacon, Tracey Emin, Anya Gallaccio, Antony Gormley, Mona Hatoum, Susan Hiller, Anish Kapoor, Cornelia Parker, Grayson Perry, Marc Quinn, Paula Rego, Neal Tait, Sam Taylor-Wood, Franz West, Jane and Louise Wilson and Cerith Wyn-Evans


Introduction —Color Duplex ultrasound (CDU) is the primary modality for endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair (EVAR) surveillance in our institution. Computed tomography (CT) scan (also known as CT scan or as CTA meaning CT Angiography) is, however, the gold standard to evaluate for endograft migration. We compared duplex ultrasound with CT scan for determination of proximal endograft location. Methods —A retrospective review was performed with the AneuRx® endograft of EVAR patients who had paired CDU and CTA imaging studies within a 3-month interval from January 2009 to June 2010. Patient demographics and distance measurements from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to the proximal graft on both CDU and CTA images were obtained. CTA measurements were done by measuring the distance between the SMA and the endograft using digital calipers. CTA patients did not fast. Duplex measurements were obtained in fasted patients by measuring the distance between the SMA and the hyperechoic proximal graft in the sagittal plane on B-mode and color-flow images. Correlation statistics was performed. Results —Twenty-two patients with 26 paired CTA and CDU studies were identified with a mean age of 73.3 years. There were 13 males (59.1%) and 9 females (40.9%). Mean interval between studies was 39.6 days (range, 0–84 days). Mean duplex SMA-endograft measurements were 21.8 ± 6.3 mm and mean CTA measurements were 17.3 ± 7.8 mm. Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) between both measurements was 0.44 (p = 0.012). A subset of patients who had studies within a 1-month interval was also analyzed, with 11 paired studies identified. Mean CTA and duplex measurements were 20.2 ± 9.7 mm and 22.1 ± 7.2 mm respectively (ρ = 0.58; p = 0.031). Conclusion —There is a moderate correlation between CDU and CTA measurements of proximal endograft position after EVAR. Our data suggest that duplex ultrasound is valuable in assessing proximal Aneurx® endograft position and may be so reliable and accurate that it may eventually surpass CTA methodology typically used for assessing endograft migration to become the gold standard.


The alkylation of benzene and paraxylene by 2-(1-chloroethyl)gem -dichlorocyclopropanes was studied in the presence of catalytic amounts of aluminum chloride proceeds with the cyclopropane ring opening and formation of the corresponding gem -dichloroalkenylarenes. It is shown that the yield of alkylation products depends on the presence of substituents in the aromatic ring. It is established that microwave radiation in comparison to thermal heating allows to reduce reaction time and to increase the yield of the corresponding gem -dichloroalkenyl derivatives.


System-wide trust theory (Keller & Rice, 2010) suggests that automated aids associated with multiple independent gauges tend to be treated as one system. Meyer's (2001, 2004) compliance–reliance model indicates that false-alarm-prone and miss-prone automated aids affect operator behavior differently. This study integrates system-wide trust theory with Meyer's compliance–reliance model. Participants monitored 8 gauges, each augmented by an automated aid. Aid 1 was either 100% or 70% reliable (either false alarm- or miss-prone), whereas the other aids were perfectly reliable. Participants generally employed a system-wide trust strategy, but this effect was stronger for false alarms compared to misses.


Numerical methods can be used to obtain the dependence relations between components of an nth-rank tensor for the particular symmetries of each crystal class. The program has been used successfully to calculate the fourth-order elastic coefficients, corresponding to a tensor of eighth rank for all crystal classes and the isotropic case.


Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) belonging to the Phenuiviridae family. The WHO lists SFTSV as one of the most dangerous viral pathogens, and considers it likely to cause wide epidemics in the near future. The incidence of SFTSV infection has increased from its discovery in 2012 through 2018 with a mortality rate of 10–20% and the major clinical symptoms of SFTSV infection are fever, vomiting, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and multiple organ failure. However, no effective vaccines are currently available for SFTSV. Here, we describe the development of a SFTSV-specific DNA vaccine, its immunogenicity, and its protective efficacy against SFTSV lethal challenge. Vaccine candidates induced both a neutralizing antibody response and multifunctional SFTSV-specific T cell response in mice and ferrets. To investigate the vaccine efficacy in vivo, we applied a recently developed ferret model of lethal infection that recapitulates fatal clinical symptoms in SFTSV infection in humans. Vaccinated ferrets were completely protected from lethal SFTSV challenge without developing any clinical signs. Moreover, we found that anti-envelope antibodies play an important role in protective immunity and non-envelope-specific T cell responses also can contribute to protection against SFTSV infection. This study provides important insights into the development of an effective vaccine, as well as corresponding immune parameters, to control SFTSV infection.


Abstract The global financial crisis has served to highlight serious weaknesses in global governance, revealing fault lines in the international financial architecture and its accompanying regulatory apparatus. Most glaringly, the spotlight has fallen on Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs)—key governance agencies in the pre-crisis domestic and international regulatory structures, and ones directly linked to the subprime mortgage debacle. The aim of this article is to provide a critical appraisal of CRAs as a mechanism of global governance in the light of their role in the subprime mortgage debacle and to evaluate the case for stricter regulation of CRAs. In this respect, special emphasis is placed on the recent EU attempt—by way of a new Regulation on Credit Rating Agencies—to bring rating agencies within the regulatory fold. It is argued that while the EU Regulation has serious implications for the operation of CRAs within the Community, the reform measure is potentially illustrative of a growing dissonance between EU and US responses to global governance issues more generally. '[Securitisation led to the belief among many that] poor quality assets … assembled as a portfolio … could somehow by alchemy be converted into something stronger than they were'.1 'The crap had become cake.'2 'In January 2008, there were 12 triple A-rated companies in the world. At the same time, there were 64,000 structured finance instruments, like CDO tranches, rated triple A.'3


An irreducible module for the parafermion vertex operator algebra is said to be of σ-type if an automorphism of the fusion algebra of of order k is trivial on it. For any integer k ≥ 3, we show that there exists an automorphism of order 2 of the subalgebra of the fusion algebra of spanned by the irreducible direct summands of σ-type irreducible -modules, where θ is an involution of . We discuss some examples of such an automorphism as well.


According to the ground records of 90 Xinjiang meteorological observation stations from 1961 to 2003, got eighty-one times heavy hail weather within 2 day from April to August.Base on the historical weather map of 43 years, the 500hPa circulation situation of Xinjiang heavy hail weather were divided into 3 type. The synthetic diagnosis of circulation situation and physical quantity were made.


In this study, via the Bernoulli sub-equation, the analytical traveling
wave solution of the (2+1)-dimensional resonant Davey-Stewartson system
is investigated. In the beginning, Based on the Riemann-Liouville
fractional derivative, the time-fractional imaginary (2+1)-dimensional
resonant Davey-Stewatson equation by using travelling wave is changed
into a nonlinear differential system. The homogeneous balance method
between the highest power terms and the highest derivative of the
ordinary differential equation is authorized on the resultant outcome
equation, and finally, the ordinary differential equations are solved to
obtain some new exact solutions. Different cases, as well as different
values of physical constants to investigate the optical soliton
solutions of the resulting system, are used. The outcomes results of
this study are shown in 3D dimensions graphically via Wolfram
Mathematica Package.


The embodiment of the invention provides a generation method and device for malicious software network intrusion detection feature codes. According to the generation method and device, malicious software network feature codes are automatically extracted under various running environments, and the network feature code extracting efficiency, universality and the speed of the response of an NIDS and an NIPS to newly-developing malicious software are improved. The method comprises the steps that malicious software program samples run on at least two running devices with different running environments, and a network packet capture file generated when each running device runs the corresponding malicious software program sample is intercepted; data flow reassembly, communication data classification, common substring extraction and feature code generation are carried out on each network packet capture file in sequence to obtain the malicious software network intrusion detection feature codes.


The Description for this book, The Rise and Fall of the Party-Kings: Politics and Society in Islamic Spain, 1002-1086, will be forthcoming.


1. A method for transmitting resource management for transmission and re-transmission of packets on a plurality of retransmission processes automated queries containing the steps of: was isolated (310, 410) for each of the plurality of automatic retransmission request processes, transmission resource for transmitting an automatic retransmission request packet process; ! was isolated (320, 420) transmission resources as one or more retransmission opportunities for retransmission of the packet, at least two of the processes automatic retransmission requests, so that at least two of the at least two processes, automatic requests for retransmission share transmission resource, at least for one of the re-transmission opportunities; and! transmitting (335, 435), at least one control message indicating the allocated transmission resources. ! 2. The method of claim 1, performed when the packet should be punctured by the first puncturing combination before sending the packet and the packet must be punctured by the second puncturing combination, at least one before the retransmission packet. ! 3. A method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the step of allocating transmission resources for re-transmission comprises allocating transmission resources for a predetermined maximum number of packet retransmission opportunities for each process automatic requests for retransmission. ! 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, further comprising the steps of: grouping (415) a plurality of automatic processes requests for retransmission of a certain number of GRU


We developed a facial caricaturing robot named "COOPER", that was exhibited at the Prototype Robot Exhibition of EXPO 2005, Aichi Japan during 11 days from Jun.9 to Jun.19. COOPER watches the face of a person seated at the chair, obtains facial images, and analyzes the images to extract 251 feature points to generate his facial line drawings with deformation. It is noted that the caricature was drawn on the specialized "Shrimp rice cracker" in around 4 minutes. To do this we customized the original system PICASSO by coping with the illumination circumstances in EXPO pavilion. This paper illustrates the outline of the COOPER and the details of the image processing in it. And we discusses on the prospects of the future subjects based on more than 395 facial caricatures obtained at EXPO2005.


., 1972). This distinction,based on morphological criteria, lead to theconcept of programmed cell death. However,apoptosis and programmed cell death are notsynonymous since apoptosis is a morphologicde"nition whereas programmed cell death is de-"ned functionally. In this regard, it is now clearthat all programmedcell deaths do not occurviaapoptosis (Schwartz


Recently, health care has required the role of "patient" to change from a receptive role to an active one. Patients' responsibilities for discussing health with their physicians require greater health assertiveness and efficacy. There is not a validated survey examining patient assertiveness and self-efficacy. This study addresses this issue.


The close relationship between photopion and electropion production from protons allows an unambiguous first estimate (the standard value) for the ratio of these cross sections, based on assumptions very close to those of the Weizs\"acker-Williams method. Deviations of the ratio from this estimate arise from pion production by the longitudinal components of the field of the scattered electron and from the variation of the off-diagonal transverse excitations from their diagonal photoproduction values. The dependence of these deviations on the physical processes contributing to the electromagnetic excitation of pions is discussed in terms of matrix elements specified in the pion-nucleon center-of-mass system, both for various phenomenological contributions and for specific meson theories. The experimental values reported are interpreted as an indication of the smallness of longitudinal production, in qualitative accord with the fixed source theory. These features may also be investigated by study of the energy spectrum of inelastically scattered electrons and of the azimuthal variation of pion production relative to the scattering plane, which are also discussed here.


According to the requirement of the automatic control system for liquid mixing devices,through the access delay and locking relay by adopting LOGO! control module,the hardware and software of the control system are analyzed and designed.The man-machine interface is also designed,and the program's online simulation is carried on through LOGO! soft comfort v6.15.The correctness and feasibility of the control system is verified by the simulation result.


The noise radar concept can be extended to an array of K transmit antenna and M receive antenna. When independent noise sources are transmitted from each antenna the approach may be viewed as a special case of MIMO radar and matched filters may be derived. In this contribution statistical properties of matched filters for MIMO noise radar are derived. For any array the concepts of the sum and difference coarrays are useful and important tools for understanding an arraypsilas beamforming properties particularly for sparse arrays. Element space matched filters are shown to be related to the concept of the sum coarray and some examples of the advantages of this for sparse transmit/receive array geometry are provided. A variation of this result for beam space matched filters is also presented.


This is a manual for English learners taking Teaching English as a Foreign Language, aiming to enable students to know enough English for American universities. Information is provided on how to take the test.


This paper argues that social identities, discursively speaking, consist of 'positions' that are individuated by distinctive linguistic features. These include distinctive patterns of representation indicated by clause structure and type, a set of priorities for attending to what is important indicated by thematic structure, and an orientation to the represented world and to self as indicated by modality, propositional attitudes and tense. A social identity comprises an array of these often contradictory 'positions' associated with a social or professional role. A person's identity is constituted dynamically by the way they 'reconcile' the various positions that make up the social identity, and also, as Archer and Ivanic argue, by the way they reconcile a social with a personal or autobiographical identity. It is argued that this process of reconciliation gives clues about identity formation in the traces it leaves in grammatical texture. This paper uses a simulated letter of advice to a client written by a group of first year law students to explore the discursive construction of social or professional identity. This letter is poorly written and full of grammatical mistakes and infelicities. It is argued that the mistakes provide a linguistic trace of the students' struggle to reconcile the conflicting roles and positions they occupy as authors of the letter. In particular the students' problems result from a struggle to reconcile their multiple positions as: students writing for assessment by a tutor about a legal problem, as a simulated firm of solicitors advising to a client, and as potential litigators anticipating the future course of events in their simulated moot court appearance.


In many regions of the world, including Egypt, water shortages threaten food production. An irrigation deficient strategy in dry areas has been widely investigated as a valuable and sustainable approach to production. In this study, the dry matter and grain yield of wheat was decreased by reducing the amount of irrigation water as well as the volume of the root system. As a result of this, there was an increase the soil moisture stress. This negatively affected the absorption of water and nutrients in the root zone of wheat plants, which ultimately had an effect on the dry matter and grain yield of wheat. The values of dry matter and grain yield of wheat increased with the ʻSakha 94' variety compared to the ʻSakha 93' class. It is possible that this was due to the increase in the genetic characteristic of the root size with the ʻSakha 94' variety compared to the ʻSakha 93' class, as this increase led to the absorption of water and nutrients from a larger volume of root spread. Despite being able to increase the water productivity of wheat by decreasing the amount of added irrigation water, the two highest grain yield values were achieved when adding 100% and 80% of irrigation requirements (IR) needed to irrigate the wheat and no significant differences between the yield values at 100% and 80% of IR were found. Therefore, in accordance with this study, the recommended irrigation for wheat is at 80% IR which will provide 20% IR. When comparing the water productivity of two wheat varieties in study, it becomes clear that ʻSakha 94' was superior to ʻSakha 93' when adding the same amount of irrigation water, and this resulted in increased wheat productivity for ʻSakha 94'. The SALTMED results confirmed good accuracy (R: 0.92 to 0.98) in simulating soil moisture, roots volume, water application efficiency, dry matter, and grain yield for two varieties of wheat under deficit irrigation conditions. Whilst using sprinkler irrigation system under sandy soils in Egypt.


For this study, Asmari (Oligo-Miocene) and Bangestan (Cretaceous) reservoir oils from the Marun oilfield were studied geochemically. Gas chromatograms and stable isotopes of carbon and sulfur in different oil fractions were studied. Normal alkanes nC15 are as high as 93% with a saturate percentage up to 53.9% which reveal a high maturity of Asmari and Bangestan reservoir paraffinic oils. Carbon Preference Index of both reservoir oils are around one, indicating mature oil samples. Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18 ratios have confirmed this conclusion. The Pr/Ph ratio is less than one and the plot of δCAro.(‰) versus δCSat.(‰) both indicate a marine reducing environment during the deposition of their source rocks. The organic matter deposited in these sediments is of kerogen Type II (Algal). Stable carbon isotope results versus Pr/Ph ratio indicate that both oils originate from the same shaley limestone of the Mesozoic age. This study also proves that H2S gas polluted Asmari oils have a similar isotopic range as Bangestan reservoir oil, hence the source of contamination must have originated from the Bangestan reservoir. Isotopic and geochemical results, for the first time, introduce three oil families; two H2S polluted families and one non-H2S polluted oil family; in the entire Marun oilfield.


The invention discloses an intelligent type multi-functional therapeutic instrument which comprises a panel computer, an energy output/data collection/communication module (an EGC intelligent box for short), a therapeutic probe and a physiological sensor, wherein the therapeutic instrument is connected with a long-distance medical center through a mobile network, the therapeutic probe is an acupuncture probe, a frequency spectrum probe, an infrared probe or a combination of the acupuncture probe, the frequency spectrum probe and the infrared probe, the physiological sensor is a pulse sensor, a blood pressure sensor, a body temperature sensor or a combination of the pulse sensor, the blood pressure sensor and the body temperature sensor, a single-chip micro computer in the EGC intelligent box controls the parameters of the wave form, the radio frequency, the intensity and the like of an energy output signal, the energy output signal is output to the therapeutic probe through an energy reinforcing module, a physiological sensor signal input by a signal conditioning circuit is collected and sent to the panel computer through a USB (universal serial bus) port or a bluetooth module, and the panel computer is provided with functions of therapeutic signal generation, data collecting analysis, high definition displaying, high resolution camera shooting, wireless internet and the like. The intelligent type multi-functional therapeutic instrument has the main characteristics of being modularized in structure, flexible in combination, excellent in function, and particularly suitable for providing long-time and constant treatment for sub-health persons and middle-aged and elderly persons.


The present invention relates to a driving apparatus of the plasma display panel to a stable driving to accurately detect the temperature of the panel. Drive device for a plasma display panel according to the present invention is provided with a temperature sensor provided on the display panel, and a heat sink disposed on the back surface of the panel, and the substrate being arranged on the heat sink top, the substrate, the temperature sensor It is provided between the heat sink and the substrate.


Discharge initiation and sheath formation are serious problems of high current (several MA) dynamical pinches because of the enormous power input. The fast 300 kV plasma focus SPEED 2 allowed studying the discharge behaviour in a wide range of power input (10-100 GW) previously not accessible. The main results are: (i) high power input causes fast sheath formation ( 100 keV) photons with which the insulator surface is irradiated during discharge initiation and sheath formation or using insulators with coppered surface.


In July the successful applicants for Changing Childbirth monies were announced by the Department of Health. The projects represent a range of initiatives all designed to promote the objectives outlined in Changing Childbirth.


In the wake of COVID-19, both K-12 and post-secondary institutions have had to transition from traditional learning in the classroom to teaching and learning through various online and or e-learning platforms. With such an abrupt transition, it's important for educators to explore the effectiveness of e-learning among their student populations. Moreover, this narrative discussion is facilitated by a program director who oversees an adult education English as a second language program located in Atlanta, Georgia. The director maintains the opinion that various modes of online learning are not the best learning method for all student populations and specifically adult English language learners. In addition, the discussion gives a brief overview of English language learners and their challenges with e-learning instructional methods in this school's adult education ESL program.


In this study, we found that local heating of the crown (rhizome) of gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii Bol. ex Adlam.), which includes the apical meristem, promotes flower stem emergence and elongation. We conducted local heating experiments over two winters on nursery plants that were set during the previous summer, using different varieties of gerbera in each season: 'Banana' and 'Kimsey' in winter 2013–2014, and 'Kimsey' in winter 2014–2015. We heated one or both sides of the crown of each plant by placing it in contact with a hot water flow tube (water temperature = 33°C) or stainless-steel heater tape. This local heating advanced the harvest time of cut flowers, and increased the total number of cut flowers harvested and the number of cut flowers of 40 cm or more, particularly in 'Kimsey'. These local heating effects were particularly notable when the average temperature of the crown was kept high and the room temperature was low. Local heating increased or had no effect on the total cut flower weight per plant. However, the individual cut flower weight and capitulum diameter were smaller with local heating of the crown. The application of this local heating technology to gerbera is expected to reduce heating costs and help control the harvest time.


We extend the McPherson model in a manner to capture the effect of the whole surrounding lattice on the siliconoxygen bond-breakage energetics. It is shown that the Mie- Grüneisen potential with the constants used in the original version of the model is not suitable under the consideration of the whole crystal. Other empirical pair-wise interatomic potentials, namely TTAM and BKS have been tested for the analysis of the bond rupture energetics. It is shown that the secondary minimum corresponding to the transition of the Si atom from the 4-fold to the 3-fold coordinated position occurs in a different direction with a rather high activation energy (~ 6 eV). The tunneling of the Si ion between the primary and the secondary minima has been treated within the WKB approximation. We demonstrate that the contribution of neighboring SiO4 tetrahedrons substantially decreases the breakage rate, making bond rupture by means of an electric field alone practically impossible. Therefore, the common action of an electric field and another contribution (bond weakening by hole capture, structural disorder and energy deposited by particles) is essential for Si-O bond-breakage.


Abstract We study the stability of disjointness preservers on Banach lattices. In many cases, we prove that an "almost disjointness preserving" operator is well approximable by a disjointness preserving one. However, this approximation is not always possible, as our examples show.


Background: Eclampsia (Greek for "shining forth") is an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, characterized by the appearance of tonic-clonic seizures, usually in a patient who has developed pre-eclampsia. Present study was conducted to determine effectiveness of low dose magnesium sulphate in control of convulsions in eclampsia & prevention of convulsions in imminent eclampsia. Material & Methods: The prospective hospital based study was conducted in S.P.M.C, Bikaner. The subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of standard and low dose regime of MgSO4. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Results: The present study showed Antepartum convulsion was present in 93 females and out of them 45 and 48 belonged to study and control group while remaining 107 females had imminent eclampsia and the difference was found statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate's narrow therapeutic range mandates that it only be used in the minimum doses which gives efficient control of convulsions and helps in improving maternal and foetal outcome.


Objective: To approach the curative effect of traditional Chinese drug and the mechanism of action on anovalia uterine bleeding.Method: bFGF and VEGF in endometria in 30 cases with anovulia uterine bleeding were detected by immunohistochemistry SP(Histostain-Plus) before and after treatment by decoction of invigorating kidney to promote blood flow.Result: The expressions of bFGF and VEGF were lower in treatment group than in control group regardless of pure hyperplasy or complicacy hyperplasia in endometria(P0.01).But after treatment of traditional Chinese drug the expressions of bFGF and VEGF were improved(P0.01).Conclusion: Low expressions of bFGF and VEGF leads to angiogenesis disturbance,and this may be the mechanism of action of anovulia uterine bleeding.Traditional Chinese drug can enhance the expressions of bFGF and VEGF and then to promote angiogenesis so as to stop bleeding,and this can be the mechanism of action of decoction of invigorating kidney to promote blood flow on anovulia uterine bleeding.


Introduction Women's Songs and Singing in West Africa: New Perspectives Thomas A. Hale and Aissata G. Sidikou 1. Wolof Women Break the Taboo of Sex through Songs Marame Gueye 2. Jola Kanyalen Songs from the Casamance, Sengeal: From 'Tradition' to Globalization Kirsten Langeveld 3. Azna Deities in the Songs of Taguimba Bouzou: A Window on the Visible and Invisible Boube Namaiwa 4. Initiation and Funeral Songs from the Guro of Cote d'Ivoire Ariane Deluz 5. Praises Performances by Jalimusolu in The Gambia Marloes Janson 6. Music about Feminine Modernity in the Sahara Aline Tauzin 7. Songs by Wolof Women Luciana Penna-Diaw 8. A Heroic Performance by Siramori Diabate of Mali Brahima Camara and Jan Jansen 9. Women's Tattooing Songs from Kajoor, Senegal George Joseph 10. Drummed Poems by Songhay-Zarma Women of Niger Fatima Mounkaila 11. Space, Language, and Identity in the Palm Tree Aissata G. Sidikou 12. Bambara Women's Songs in Southern Mali Bah Diakite 13. Patriarchy in Songs and Poetry by Zarma Women Aissata Niandou 14. Muslim Hausa Women's Songs Beverly B. Mack 15. Lamentation and Politics in the Sahelian Song Thomas A. Hale 16. Transformations in Tuareg Tende Singing: Women's Voices and Local Feminisms Susan J. Rasmussen 17. Income Strategies of a Jelimuso in Mali and France Nienke Muurling Index List of Contributors


Abstract: Despite the government huge funding of defence and other security related matters, insecurity seems to be on the increase across the geopolitical zones in Nigeria. This development could stifle inflows of investments into the country. However, the Nigeria Capital market is adjudged to be among of the vibrant markets globally notwithstanding of the seeming security challenges. This paper examined the impact of defense expenditure on Capital market growth in Nigeria from 1984 to 2019. The study adopted ex post facto research design, and data sourced were from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin for 35 years. Time-series data extracted related to market capitalization, recurrent defense expenditure and capital defense expenditure from CBN Statistical Bulletin were used for the study. The study employed multiple regression analysis in determining the impact among the variables under investigation. The findings from the Johansen cointegration test indicate a long-run relationship among the variables in the study. The result from the Error Correction Model indicates that recurrent defense expenditure and capital defence expenditure impacts market capitalization positively and significantly both in the short and long run. It was recommended that government spending should be such that it affects market activities positively via policies that are geared boosting investment in the capital market. It was also recommended that policymakers from the fiscal end to collaborate with their monetary counterparts to formulate strategic policies that relates to defence expenditure that will boost the overall growth of the capital market both in the short and long run. Keywords: Market Capitalization: Recurrent Defence Expenditure: Capital Defence Expenditure: Nigeria.