A routing optimization with risk control and reduction provides a quantitative support for an efficient organization of the hazardous materials transportation where road-rail multimodal transportation plays an important role. Oriented on the viewpoint of the multimodal operator, this study investigates a hazardous materials routing problem for their door-to-door transportation through a road-rail multimodal hub-and-spoke network. It is difficult to determine the exact demand of hazardous materials for each transportation order during the advanced routing decision making. Therefore, demand uncertainty is introduced into the problem, in which the uncertain demands are modeled by triangular fuzzy numbers. To enhance the quality of service of the transportation, the hazardous materials routing optimization in this study uses fuzzy soft time windows to optimize the last-mile delivery of hazardous materials that determines the timeliness of transportation. Accordingly, this study proposes a fuzzy multi-objective routing model that is linear and considers the constraints of the customers' preferred service levels. To solve the proposed model, its crisp reformulation is first achieved by using the fuzzy expected value method and Jimenez's fuzzy ranking method. Then, the $\varepsilon $ -constraint method is adopted by this study to obtain the Pareto frontier for the multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, an experimental case study is carried out to verify the proposed modeling of this study. By using sensitivity analysis and fuzzy simulation, the conflicting relationship among the economic, risk, reliability and timeliness objectives that improving one objective worsens the others is clearly indicated, and the insights that helps decision makers to make effective tradeoffs among these objectives to get a most suitable hazardous materials road-rail multimodal transportation plan are also summarized.


William Foote Whyte's defense of the methodology used in Street Corner Society is used as an occasion to examine the work of the New Journalists who struggled to redefine the fact-fiction distinction in ethnographic and journalistic discourse. The relevance of this discourse for contemporary qualitative inquiry is discussed.


The thesis is not proved. First, what is called the integrationist phase is clearly evident in issues of the American Catholic Tribune. Second, Agee himself remarks that it would not have been acceptable for Rudd to introduce Catholicism into the biography on Bond. Third, he also indicates how integrationist claims are found in the biography. Fourth, during the newspaper period Rudd incorporated a "Washington" style, highlighting successful African Americans as models of aspiration, managing a school for printing for African Americans in conjunction with the Tribune, and supporting the Black Catholic Congress's call for a great increase of industrial schools. Lastly, as Agee recognizes, it is difficult to distinguish between Rudd's thoughts and those of Bond.


Study Design: A prospective study. Objectives: To investigate the usefulness of selective nerve root block (SNRB) as a prognosis predictor of a lumbar disc herniation. Summary of Literature Review: The biochemical factors of radiculopathy, as opposed to the biomechanical factors, are more reversible and responsive to a corticosteroid injection. Materials and Methods : Fifty patients underwent SNRB for the radiculopathy caused by a herniated lumbar disc and were followed for at least 1 year. The straight leg raising (SLR) angle, visual analog scale (VAS) and the patients' subjective satisfaction, using the Weber criteria, were initially investigated, and again at 1 week and 1 month after the procedure, and finally at the final follow-up. The patients were divided into two groups according to the final satisfaction. Group 1 (satisfactory prognosis, N=32) had Excellent/Good results at the final follow-up, whereas Group 2(unsatisfactory prognosis, N=18) had Fair/Poor final results, or underwent surgical treatment. The improvements in the SLR and VAS at 1 week and 1 month were compared between two groups. The subjective satisfaction each time was compared to the final outcome; the relative risks were also calculated. Results: The improvements in the SLR and VAS for Group 1 were significantly better than those for Group 2 at both 1 week and 1 month (P<0.05). Those patients with Excellent/Good results at 1 week and 1 month manifested satisfactory final outcomes (P<0.05). The risks of the patients with Fair/Poor results at 1 week and 1 month manifesting unsatisfactory final outcomes were 6.8 and 15.2 times higher than those with Excellent/Good results. Conclusion: Selective nerve root block could be a useful method, not only to relieve acute leg pain, but also to predict the longterm prognosis of a herniated lumbar disc. Early surgical treatment could be considered for the patients not manifesting significant improvement until 1 month after SNRB.


Artists/scholars working in higher education face unique challenges meeting research requirements for tenure and promotion, particularly in universities that cling to traditional models of sole-scholarship. In this issue, Jeanmarie Higgins, currently an associate professor at Penn State University, examines the work of AGA Collaborative, a performance group composed of three dancers at universities that are geographically dispersed; she offers their long-distance collaborative work as a model of creative research that is not only tenure-worthy, but expands both academic and artistic norms in important ways. By applying Marxist and feminist dramaturgical strategies, Higgins positions rigorous, theoretically based creative research as a practice of resistance-one that positions artists in the academy to "make a new path" which values collaboration and collegiality, and thereby enhances definitions of research in and out of the performing arts. We hope this study will provoke development of additional models for artists working collaboratively over distance, in addition to those seeking to expand conceptions of research as creative endeavor within the academy.


Back in 1818, Attorney General William Wirt, one of the finest attorneys general in America's history, wondered in a private letter whether persecutions of the Jews, for all of their· unhappy effects, perhaps held the key to Jewish unity. "I believe," he wrote to John Myers of Norfolk, Virginia, "that if those persecutions had never existed the Jews would have melted down into the general mass of the people of the world." He went on to suggest that if persecutions came to an end, the "children of Israel" might even then cease to exist as a separate nation. Within 150 years he was sure that they would be indistinguishable from the rest of mankind.! Now, more than 150 years later, we know that Wirt was wrong: the Jewish people lives on. The relationship that Wirt posited between persecutions and Jewish identity may not be wrong, but to date, we have never had the opportunity to find out. Meanwhile, prophecies of doom have continued unabated. Look magazine some years ago featured a cover story on the "Vanishing American Jew." Look itself has since vanished, not just once but twice, and the Jewish people lives on. A volume entitled The End of the Jewish People, by the French sociologist George Friedman, has also come and gone. Again, the Jewish people lives on. Indeed, somebody once pointed out that prediction is very difficult, especially about the future. This may be particularly worth remembering today.2 In speaking about the future, most of us, when we are honest, speak about contemporary trends and extrapolate (usually quite


A multi-layer corrugated circular-aperture terahertz (THz) horn antenna based on MEMS (Micro-electromechanical System) technology is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna reveals bandwidth for return loss below -13 dB from 470 GHz to 530 GHz. The radiation pattern exhibits symmetric beam and very low cross-polarization. The peak gain varies from 18.9 dBi to 20.2 dBi within the frequency band 470-530 GHz. Moreover, the antenna shows good coupling efficiency to Gaussian beam with gaussicity up to 96% at 500 GHz.


Since the Second World War, constitutional justice has spread through much of the democratic world. Often it has followed in the wake of national calamity and historical evil—whether fascism or communism, colonialism or apartheid. Unsurprisingly, the memory of such evils plays a prominent role in constitutional adjudication. This book explores the intersection of constitutional justice and collective memory. It focuses on three jurisdictions—the United States, Germany, and South Africa—and on three towering evils—Nazism, apartheid, and slavery. It argues that courts tend to approach historic evil through one of two principal modes of memory: the redemptive mode, which treats the evil past as an aversive reference point against which the new constitutional order must aggressively define itself; and the parenthetical mode, which treats the evil past as an aberration from an otherwise noble tradition. The redemptive mode emphasizes caesura, the redemptive mode continuity. Most courts deploy both modes at various times. But some tend to emphasize one over the other, and some tend to fuse the two in something of a hybrid. These emphases have consequences. They help shape the stability of a constitutional regime, and they profoundly influence a polity's capacity to come to terms with its past.


We present Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the well-studied extremely red objects (EROs) HR 10 and LBDS 53W091 from 3.6 to 160 μm. These galaxies are the prototypes of the two primary classes of EROs: dusty starbursts and old, evolved galaxies, respectively. Both galaxies, as well as LBDS 53W069, another example of an old, quiescent galaxy, are well detected out to 8 μm. However, only the dusty starburst HR 10 is detected in the far-infrared. All three EROs have stellar masses of a few × 1011 M⊙. Using evolutionary model fits to their multiband photometry, we predict the infrared colors of similar EROs at 1 < z < 2. We find that blueward of observed 10 μm, the two ERO classes are virtually indistinguishable photometrically. Deep spectroscopy and 24 μm data allow the classes to be separated.


Agricultural products supply and demand information asymmetry is the core of the agricultural products unsalable,adopt the way of E-commerce to reduce agricultural products unsalable is the main problem. In this paper, through the survey found that agricultural enterprises of agricultural products unsalable phenomenon, analyzes the varieties of the output of agricultural products, agricultural products too much of a single, agricultural products supply and demand information asymmetry is agricultural products unsalable reasons, among them, the agricultural products supply and demand information asymmetry is the core of the agricultural products unsalable, discussed in three ways to relieve the problem of agricultural products unsalable, intensify propaganda, strengthen government regulation and control, adopts the way of electronic E-commerce to alleviate the problem of agricultural products unsalable, among them, the four modes of E-commerce is used to alleviate agricultural products unsalable problem is the main method, finally, puts forward the impact of the market for agricultural products E-commerce and come up with a solution, this paper introduces the hunan province launched the national rural agricultural informationization demonstration province comprehensive service platform, namely 12396, hunan province, to ease in agricultural E-commerce sites, the problem of the small flow.


Quantitative analysis of the phenomena of adhesion between rails and wheels is essential to properly control the behavior of rolling stock. Therefore, a number of investigations have been carried out in many countries. However, most of this research has been done in laboratory rooms, the rate of slipping has mostly been within the minute range of creep, and the data thus obtained in such reseach has not necessarily been in good compatibility with the data of field tests. In view of such conditions, we designed and constructed a test truck based on an entirely new idea, and ran a passenger car equipped with this new truck on a short mile track in JNR. Although carried out over a rather short distance, we succeeded in seeing the real state of how adhesion varies continuously along the direction of the rails.


Simulation of complex dynamic systems is an interdisciplinary problem. To solve this problem the author suggests a distributed simulation environment as a new form of simulation means system organization that provides web-based distributed simulation of engineering and industrial tasks as simulation services using Discrete Event Simulation Framework on the basis of Grid infrastructure. The Unified Process of Simulation Services Development based on Unified Modeling Language is proposed.


Feng Xuefeng took extensive part in the activities of the CLWA(Chinese Left-wing Writer Alliance),from its preparation to foundation,development and expanding,he was one of the whole shows all the while.The composing of organization image of the CLWA experienced the process from a Left wing culture(literature) turning to a sub-party organization.There were various causes led to this vagarious phenomenon.Feng xuefeng's serious activities contributed much to the composing of organization image of the CLWA.The common idea,which simply contributes some leftmost inclines and actions-the Shutdownism,Sectarianism and the venturesome Flying meet to the influence of the "Left" Line,especially to Wang Ming Line's in the Party,is inaccurate.


In this letter, we first resume the results of a previous article (EPJC(2011)71:1620). That work considered a simple model of QCD including a Yukawa interaction with a scalar field. Its two loop effective potential for the scalar field, predicted a 126 GeV Higgs mass after the minimum of the potential was fixed at a mean scalar field giving a 175 GeV Top quark mass. However, a high value of the strong coupling was required (\alpha=g^2/(4 \pi) close to 1) to get these values. After reviewing the results of this study, an idea for extending the work is simply advanced here: to consider the running strong coupling, in order to decide whether or not, the usual values of the strong interactions have the chance of justifying the experimentally known values of the Higgs and Top quark masses. It is underlined that a positive result of the proposed task will suggests the possibility of basing the SM breaking of symmetry, on the so called "second minimum" of this model. This could also identify the essential role of QCD in this effect. Results of the further examination of this question will be presented elsewhere.


Background: Diet diversity of pregnant women is associated with nutrition sufficiency, micronutrient adequacy, and pregnancy outcomes. However, the sociodemographic determinants of diet diversity among pregnant women in low-income countries are not well studied. Objective: The analysis was undertaken to study the determinants of high dietary diversity and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods by pregnant women from rural Bangladesh. Methods: Pregnant women (508) were randomly selected from southwestern Bangladesh and interviewed to collect data about diet and sociodemographic characteristics. A 24-hour recall was used to collect information about diet. Diet diversity score was calculated for 9 major food groups. All analyses were conducted using STATA SE 12. Result: The overall mean diet diversity score was low at 4.28 and was significantly high among pregnant women who have higher educational achievement, whose husbands' occupation was business, who live in households of 4 or more family members, and who were dwelling in a house with more than 1 room. Highest gap on knowledge and consumption was reported for 3 food groups including dairy foods, eggs, and dark green leafy vegetables. Consumption of dairy and eggs was lower among women from low socioeconomic status, but no significant association was found between sociodemographic characteristics and consumption of leafy vegetables. Conclusion: Our analysis has shown that diet quality of pregnant women was poor and intake of micronutrient-rich foods was low despite having knowledge about the importance of these foods, underscoring the need for promoting the diet quality in developing countries through behavior change communication programs.


The utility model discloses a storage battery acid extraction system which comprises a vacuum pump, a vacuum gas tank, an acid-storing barrel, and at least one interface which are orderly connected; the interface is provided with a valve. The utility model adopts the technical scheme; a power supply of the vacuum pump of the device is connected with a negative pressure gauge; the negative pressure gauge is equipped with a contact switch which can automatically balance the pressure in the gas tank; frequent supply socket unplugging and plugging by people are avoided; safety hidden trouble is put an end to; and the electric safety is ensured; only one waste acid discharge per work shift is required for the large-scale acid-storing barrel, which solves the problem of frequent discharge work by people; a locating plate is employed for acid extraction, which ensures the consistency of the acid liquid in the battery; clean production is realized, and the production efficiency is increased.


Introduction The retinal vasculature, a surrogate for the systemic microvasculature, can be observed non-invasively, providing an opportunity to examine the effects of modifiable factors, such as nutrient intake, on microcirculation. We aimed to investigate the possible associations of dietary nutrient intake with the retinal vessel caliber. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 584 participants in a medical survey of Japanese descendants living in Los Angeles in 2015 underwent a dietary assessment, fundus photographic examination, and comprehensive physical and blood examinations. Retinal vessel caliber was measured using fundus photographs with a semi-automated computer system and summarized as central retinal artery and vein equivalents (CRAE and CRVE). The association between dietary nutrient intake and retinal vessel caliber was analyzed using a multivariate linear regression model adjusted for two models including potential confounders. The first model was adjusted for age and sex. The second model was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, history of coronary heart disease, and history of stroke. Results After adjustment of potential confounders, compared to the quartile with the lowest intake, the difference in CRVE for the highest quartile was −5.33 μm [95% confidence interval (CI): −9.91 to −0.76, P for trend = 0.02] for vitamin A, −4.93 μm (95% CI: −9.54 to −0.32, P for trend = 0.02) for vitamin C and −3.90 μm (95% CI: −8.48 to 0.69, P for trend = 0.04) for potassium. Conclusions A significant association was observed between higher vitamins A, C and potassium intakes and narrower retinal venular caliber.


Changes in the death qualification process suggest an increasing probability that jurors in capital cases will reject an insanity defense. The present study of 312 college undergraduates compares demographics and attitudes of death-qualified participants with those of their excludable counterparts, by varying standards for exclusion. When demographics were considered together, only religion predicted bias against the insanity defense, which was higher in those who identified with some form of Christianity. Further, religious fundamentalism, Christian orthodoxy, sociopolitical conservatism, and pro-prosecution bias were associated with stronger negative attitudes against the insanity defense. Results also support the contention that seating a death-qualified jury under either the Witherspoon or Witt standards increases bias against the insanity defense, although the consideration of automatic–death penalty jurors eliminates this effect.


An application of web mining can be seen in the case of search engines. Most of the search engines are ranking their search results in response to users' queries to make their search navigation easier. In this research, a survey of page ranking algorithms and comparison of some important algorithms in context of performance has been carried out.So this kind of problem is actual need of this proposed research work. One of the major problems for automatically constructed portals and information discovery systems is how to assign proper order to unvisited Web pages. Topic-specific crawlers and information seeking agents should try not to traverse the off-topic areas and concentrate on links that lead to documents of interest. In this chapter, we propose an effective approach based on the relevancy context graph to solve this problem.Some commonly used link algorithms are page rank, HITS and Weighted Page Content Rank. Most of the search engines are ranking their search results in response to user's queries to make their search navigations easier. In this paper we give a study of page ranking algorithms and description about Pagerank , HITS, based on web content mining and structure mining that shows the relevancy of the pages to a given query is better determined, as compared to the Page Rank and HITS.


Through the analysis on the message value-added system of"A Plan"made by a certain telecommunication company in Jiangsu Province,this paper expounds briefly several applications of data mining technology in it,and points out that the featured purposeful customers'marketing strategy under the guidance of data mining obtains obvious effects in increasing the users number and improving the users quality.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Medication errors are potentially avoidable incidents that can lead to harm. Medications are often administered under challenging conditions, which creates opportunities for distractions and interruptions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to reduce the number of interruptions and distractions experienced by nurses during the medication administration process. Methods: A Lean approach was used to value stream map the process, devise solutions, and measure the impact of the change. Results: Sources of distraction and interruption were identified. Through collaboration the medication administration process was standardized, and a purpose-built medication administration room was developed. Frequency of interruptions and distractions from all sources was reduced. Conclusions: Value stream mapping the process enabled the identification of non–value-added activities that were threats to the integrity of the process. Standardizing the medication administration process and creating a safe space to facilitate the process successfully reduced interruptions and distractions from all sources.


Eight moderately severe (MS) type geomagnetic storms (GMSs) are identified and investigated statistically during the period 1978‐80. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), B, proton density, DP and proton temperature, TP are enhanced ahead of magnetic clouds that are preceded by a shock, while strong magnetic field density and low TP are southward Bz is a dominant parameter for producing MS type GMSs, whereas Bav, Sunspot numbers (SSNs) and V also play a significant role for development of MS type geomagnetic storms. Generally the value of Ap index increases, acquiring maximum value on the day of maximum activity. In 50% events the decrease in CR intensity starts few hours earlier than the arrival of shock associated magnetic cloud at earth, while in 25% events, it starts at the time of occurrence of MS type GMSs at earth with no cloud event at earth.


Anyone seeking to become acquainted with the history of Georgian Architecture will soon become aware of the fact that the field is fraught with methodological problems and has been largely static since the death of Giorgi Chubinashvili in 1973. Chubinashvili was the dominant figure in the field throughout the Soviet era and the subject is still controlled by his students, who have failed to significantly move the discipline forward in the forty-five years since his death. Whilst Chubinashvili may be credited as the founding father of the modern disciplines of art and architectural history in Georgia and is notable for his extensive publications, in common with a number of Soviet scholars his output is now widely viewed as being of variable quality. Particular instances where recent research has proved Chubinashvili's suppositions to be wrong will be discussed later in this chapter but here it is important to highlight from the outset the fact that his limitations are rooted in three particular issues. The first is that he was handicapped by working on a largely ecclesiastical architectural tradition in a time and place where theological knowledge was unavailable and actively forbidden as an area of research, meaning that he could only study the monuments in a schematic manner that divorced form from function; this facilitated the development of a typology of ecclesiastical architecture that did not question the developing ritual needs of the


6573 Background: Recent reports suggest that approximately 30% of patients with APL die during induction. This has been confirmed in large population-based studies in Sweden and the US. A recent analysis of SEER data from 13 population-based cancer registries with 1400 APL patients in the US showed that 17% of all patients and 24% of patients greater than 55 years of age die within one month of diagnosis. The most common causes of death are bleeding, infection, differentiation syndrome and multi-organ failure. Patients who survive induction have an excellent cure rate with few late relapses. Hence, decreasing early deaths is a high priority both at experienced as well as smaller centers with limited leukemia treatment experience in this highly curable disease. Methods: At Georgia Health Sciences University, between 7/2005 and 6/2009, 19 patients were diagnosed with APL. Seven patients (5 high-risk and 2 low-risk) died during induction resulting in an unusually high mortality rate of 37%. All patients who ...


Objective To explore the value of the full-field digital mammography combined with high-frequency ultrasonography in the diagnosis of non-typical breast carcinoma. Methods Retrospective analysis of 64 cases of non-typical breast carcinoma by Pathologically confirmed breast cancer after surgery,those cases all examined by full-field digital mammography and high-frequency ultrasonography. Results Only by full- field digital mammography,33 cases were diagnosed breast cancers,the diagnostic accordance rate was 51. 56%,including 10 cases of simple microcalcifications. 26 cases were diagnosed breast cancers by high-frequency ultrasonography with 40. 62% diagnostic accordance rate. 21 cases were diagnosed accurately through combination of the two methods,so the diagnostic accordance rate was increased 88. 89%. Conclusion The full-field digital mammography combined with high-frequency ultrasonography enhances the diagnosis rate,and reduce the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rate.


Properties of the Higgs (H) boson are measured in the H → ZZ → 4` (` = e, μ) decay channel. The full data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137.1 fb−1 recorded in 2016, 2017, and 2018 by the CMS detector at the LHC. The signal-strength modifier μ, defined as the ratio of the H boson rate in the 4` channel to the Standard Model (SM) expectation, is measured to be μ = 0.94+0.07 −0.07(stat.) +0.08 −0.07(syst.) with the H boson mass profiled in the fit. The signal-strength modifiers for different H boson production modes are also constrained. Measurements of the simplified template cross sections, designed to quantify the different H boson production processes in specific regions of phase space, are reported. The cross section for the production of the H → 4` in a fiducial region closely matching the experimental selection of the leptons is measured to be σfid. = 2.73 +0.23 −0.22(stat.) +0.24 −0.19(syst.) fb at mH = 125.09 GeV, compared to a SM prediction of 2.76± 0.14 fb. Differential cross sections as a function of the pT and rapidity of the H boson, the number of associated jets, and the pT of the leading associated jet are determined. All results are found to be compatible with the SM predictions, within the measurements precision.


The article deals with the problematic of emotional burnout in relation to the stress tolerance and the adaptive possibilities of the personality among preschool education workers. The results of the analysis of the individual and social-psychological personality characteristics, reflecting the adaptability and stress resistance of specialists with different appearances of emotional burnout, are presented. The results of the empirical investigation were performed by the choice of kindergarten teachers in the city of Saratov (n = 80, of age 24–65 years). The following diagnostic tools were used: to determine the severity of emotional burnout (questionnaire V.V. Boyko) and of the study of individual and socio-psychological personality characteristics, reflecting the ability of adaptability and the stress resistance (the SMIL methodic is a standardized multifactorial method of personality investigation, which is an adapted version of the MMPI test). For statistical processing, the method of determining the average, the parametric method (Student's t-criterion) and the non-parametric method (Mann-Whitney U-criterion) are used to compare two independent samples. A significant number of specialists have a high probability of developing emotional burnout syndrome. 38 % of kindergarten teachers are characterized by pronounced manifestations of the syndrome (negative changes affect all three phases of burnout). An empirical investigation conducted a typological analysis of personality characteristics, reflecting the stress resistance and adaptability of kindergarten teachers in groups with the high and low emotional burnout. Statistically significant differences were discovered by the following constituent personality scales: the scale of "neurotic overcontrol", "depression", "anxiety", "individuality" and "social introversion". It is established that the characteristics of stress tolerance and, in the whole, the adaptive possibilities of personality of emotionally burned-out workers are low or have a tendency to decrease in contrast to specialists without signs of burnout. The optimal ways of overcoming and preventing emotional burnout syndrome among preschool education workers are outlined. It is reasonable to create special programs for prevention and correction, including the diagnostic and correctional principle, the use of sociopsychological training, etc.


The invention discloses a preparation method of polyacrylic acid super absorbent resin through room-temperature solution polymerization. The method is characterized by adding a water-soluble free radical polymerization redox initiation system in a water-soluble cross-linked monomer and a water solution of part of neutralized acrylic acid to carry out solution polymerization reaction at room temperature, wherein the neutralization degree of the acrylic acid is 60 percent to 80 percent, and the dosage of the water-soluble cross-linked monomer is 0.2 percent to 2.4 percent of acrylic acid mass; the water-soluble free radical polymerization redox initiator is prepared from water-soluble peroxide hydrogen peroxide and water-soluble reducing agent vitamin C. According to the method provided by the invention, a polymerization reaction can be carried out at room temperature, the reaction speed is quick, the water absorbent rate of the absorbent resin can be adjusted within a wide range through adjusting various reactant proportion so as to meet different application requirements, and the water absorbent rate of the obtained resin can achieve 955 times maximally.


Abstract In San Simon cheese water activity was highly related to moisture content and, consequently, to the aqueous concentration of many solid components. The following linear regression equations a w = .7662 + .0046g moisture/100g cheese, and a w = 1.0234 - .0070g ash/100g moisture, as well as a simple nomograph based on both chemical parameters, was used to predict water activity of San Simon cheese with an absolute error not greater than±.01 often found in measurements of water activity by different methods.


Electronic locks have become more common in buildings and vehicles.The goal of the project is to design an electronic lock . The bicycle locking system is developed for providing advanced locking system for the bicycles and providing immediate notification of theft. Currently, bicycle theft has increased and often goes unnoticed. To increase the use of cycles the bicycle theft should be reduced. This Bicycle locking system works with the help of an electronic circuit having a password as the key to the bicycle lock. A metal wire is connected in such a way that the wire goes from in between the tyre spokes and into the system. So if someone tries to steal the cycle by breaking the lock it is sensed by theft detecting system and alarm is raised. Hearing the siren the owner can get alert and try to avoid theft from happening. The wire is used for the demo purpose but a strong metal pipe can be used to lock tyre. This wire is connected on to the system through RCA connector This locking system will decrease the theft of cycles and increase the use of cycles.


Dibenzo[b,h][1,4]oxazonines and the thiazonine congener were synthesized from cyclic imines with ynamides by acid-mediated domino (2+2) cycloaddition—4 electrocyclic ring opening reaction. The reaction enables two carbon-enlargement of the cyclic imine substrates. The X-Ray crystallography made clear that the oxazonine skeleton has a unique bent-conformation. Benzo-fused heterocyclic compounds have gathered much attention in the field of medicinal chemistry as well as synthetic chemistry. Although benzo-fused 6and 7-membered heterocycles, such as quinolines, isoquinolines and benzaepines, are utilized as privileged scaffolds for drugs, medium-sized (8-11 membered) congeners have been less explored. Design and synthesis of the less explored unique heterocyclic skeletons will contribute to the expansion of chemical space. Previously, we have reported a domino (2+2) cycloaddition—4 electrocyclic ring opening reaction of acyclic aldimines with ynamides to give -unsaturated amidines via azetine intermediates (Scheme 1). We made clear that the reaction is activated by a strong Brønsted acid such as triflic imide (Tf2NH) and sulfonic acids and, H+ (cat) + R3 N R4 N EWG R1 R2 N R4 N R3 R2 EWG R1 outward (Tf2NH, TfOH etc) N R2 N H inward (MsOH, CSA etc) outward R3 R4 EWG R1 N R4 N


Notini et al 1 offer a timely addition in the wake of a significant increase in young people identifying as transgender and gender diverse (TGD). The authors focus specifically on the case of 18-year-old Phoenix's request for ongoing puberty suppression (OPS) to affirm a non-binary gender identity. A central issue raised by Phoenix's predicament, and that I suggest we can extend to ethical consideration of requests for other types of medical intervention by binary and non-binary TGD individuals, is whether we should 'affirm' (along with the prevalent trend in 'gender affirmative' care) the claims made by TGD young people about what promotes their well-being.

As a clinician working with TGD young people who have undergone a range of medical interventions to align their bodies with their gender identity, my starting presumption is that it is important to respect what people think will help them: there are some TGD young people for whom, all things considered, medical interventions to affirm gender identity promote their well-being.

Well-being has become an important conceptual currency in ethical debates and lies at the core of the authors' analysis of Phoenix's case. While the authors do not ground their argument in favour of OPS in a specific theory of well-being, welfarist considerations (Savulescu and Kahane)2 appear to underpin …


Asphalt oxidation causes major changes to binder properties and is hypothesized to be a major contributor to age-related pavement failure such as fatigue cracking. Neat film asphalt oxidative aging stiffens the binder, leading to higher binder stresses under a given deformation; when these stresses exceed the strength of the binder, failure occurs. Thus, heavily-aged binders exhibit a significantly reduced failure strain (e.g. in direct tension) compared to less aged binders. However, the impact of binder oxidation in HMAC mixtures on fatigue lives has not been adequately addressed. In this study, we have investigated the effect of binder oxidation on hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC) mixture fatigue performance under strain-controlled conditions in the laboratory. Binder aging was characterized by FT-IR carbonyl area growth and by changes in DSR function hardening (G'/(eta'/G')). HMAC Mixture fatigue life was estimated by a calibrated mechanistic with surface energies (CMSE) fatigue approach. Binders recovered from aged mixtures track across the DSR function map (log G' versus eta'/G'), following the same path as neat binder aged in a 60 C environmental room, a path that previous study has shown correlates well with significant decreases in binder ductility. Mixture fatigue resistance measured under strain-controlled conditions in the laboratory also decreases dramatically in direct relation to binder oxidative hardening.


Foreword * Introduction by Eleanor Nairne * Essay by Katy Siegel * Essay by John Yau * Essay by Suzanne Hudson * Becoming Lee * Life Drawing * War Service Windows * Little Images * Stable Gallery * Prophecy * Night Journeys * Primary Series * Palingenesis * Eleven Ways * Interview - Lee Krasner with Gail Levin * Illustrated Chronology


Using the generalized Landau model [Phys. Rev. A 36, 1484 (1987)], the temperature and frequency dependence of the complex dielectric constant of the ferroelectric smectic-${\mathit{C}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ (Sm-${\mathit{C}}^{\mathrm{*}}$) phase and the corresponding smectic-A (Sm-A) phase is calculated. It is demonstrated how the dielectric response of the Sm-${\mathit{C}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ phase generally consists of four modes---two high-frequency polarization modes and two modes of lower frequency that are connected to the reorientation of the director, commonly denoted the soft mode and the Goldstone mode. In the Sm-A phase only two modes are present---one doubly degenerate soft mode and one doubly degenerate polarization mode. The temperature dependences of the dielectric strengths and relaxation frequencies of the modes in question are calculated, and simplified expressions of these quantities are given. The most important feature of the generalized Landau model is the presence of a biquadratic coupling between tilt and polarization in the free-energy density of the system and we show how the general thermodynamic and dielectric properties of the system depend on the strength of this coupling. Comparing the results of the calculations with existing data, we finally conclude that the model provides a description of the Sm-${\mathit{C}}^{\mathrm{*}}$--Sm-A transition that takes all experimentally known features of the dielectric properties of the system into account in a qualitatively correct way.


A field experiment was carried out in an unheated plastic house in the College of Agriculture-University of Anbar/Ramadi – Iraq in the Autumn season 2018 and Spring season 2019, to evaluate some drought tolerance criteria for three locally hybrids of cucumber (H2, H3, H4) compared with Local hybrid (H1) Certified by Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture under three levels of soil moisture depletion (30%, 50%, 70%) were calculated on the basis of available water. Six criteria were used (Tol, MP, SSI, YSI, YI, GMP) to determine drought tolerance of planted cucumber hybrids. Results showed that the depletion level (30%) gave highest productivity in 2018 and 2019 (3.397, 5.190 Kg plant−1) on the respectively, whereas the lowest yield (3.061, 3.857 Kg plant−1) on the respectively for 70% depletion level. The hybrids H1 and H3 achive highest yield (3.488, 3.260 Kg plant−1) on the respectively in 2018, while the highest yield in 2019 was (4.782 and 4.758 Kg plant−1) for H3 and H1 hybrids on the respectively without significant differences. H4 hybrid gave the lowest yield in the two seasons with significant difference in comparison to H3 and H1. The results also showed that the locally producted hybrid H3 distinguished in most drought tolerance criteria compared with registered hybrid (H1) and was considered as a most tolerance to stress, whereas H1 hybrid the most sensitive to stress


Interface bonding between the cement slab and asphalt overlay is a significant point affecting mechanical behaviour and service life of the pavement. Many factors may influence the interfacial adhesive capacity, including asphalt mixture type, tack coat type and dosage, surface texture on layer below, temperature and moisture conditions. The aim of this study is to determine the most influential factors at the interlayer and evaluate their significant levels. An apparatus is designed to apply the direct shear test with normal load. Specimen is prepared by drilling cores from asphalt overlay over cement concrete pavement, which is constructed in laboratory. Six parameters with three values are examined by orthogonal test. Effects of these factors on interlayer performance are validated by boxplot. The test results conclude that surface texture on cement slab has the most significant influence on interlayer shear strength, and tack coat type, moisture and temperature come next. Rough surface texture like tining helps increase layers' bonding. Cutback asphalt is not suitable as tack coat binder compared to emulsified asphalt. In addition, low temperature and dry condition can also improve interlayer shear performance.


The article introduces the application of ONE CARD SOLUTION in ship-repair enterprise.By broadening the management of this system,it will effectively manage all kinds of sources,reduce costs and improve management level significantly.


Nutritional edema is apparently another type of edema in which the mechanism of its production is related to the low level of plasma proteins, similar to that of nephrosis and plasmapheresis. In nutritional edema, however, the lowered plasma proteins are brought about by a deficiency in protein in diet. Denton and Kohman 1 produced edema in a large proportion of rats fed largely on carrots. This work was confirmed by Frisch, Mendel and Peters, 2 who in addition showed that the plasma proteins were low in their rats. Recently Shelburne and Egloff 3 succeeded in producing edema in a dog fed on a low protein diet. We add the following preliminary report of a study on the nitrogen balance, plasma proteins and extent of edema in 2 cases of nutritional edema under the influence of different dietary regimes. The 2 patients, aged 11 and 20 respectively, were inmates of an orphanage in which they subsisted for a long time on a diet deficient in protein. They presented evidence of undernutrition with marked edema. There was no evidence of cardiac or renal disease. Case 1 had a total plasma protein value of 3.46% and albumin 1.43%. Case 2 had 4.01% for total proteins and 2.17% for albumin. Throughout the 21 periods of 4 days each their total caloric intake was kept at 1400, salt at 6 gm., and water at 1500 cc, while the level and character of the proteins in the diets were varied. Each diet was given for 2 to 5 periods. Diet 1 contained 23.5 gm. (Case 1) and 27.5 gm. (Case 2) of vegetable proteins, estimated intake of protein for them while in the orphanage. With this diet their nitrogen balance was barely maintained, and their plasma proteins showed a slight tendency to increase, and their edema after an initial decrease did not completely subside.


In the nuclear industry, cement-based materials are extensively used to encapsulate spent ion exchange resins (IERs) before their final disposal in a repository. It is well known that the cement has to be carefully selected to prevent any deleterious expansion of the solidified waste form, but the reasons for this possible expansion are not clearly established. This work aims at filling the gap. The swelling pressure of IERs is first investigated as a function of ions exchange and ionic strength. It is shown that pressures of a few tenths of MPa can be produced by decreases in the ionic strength of the bulk solution, or by ion exchanges (2Na + instead of Ca 2+ , Na + instead of K + ). Then, the chemical evolution of cationic resins initially in the Na + form is characterized in CEM I (Portland cement) and CEM III (Portland cement + blastfurnace slag) cements at early age and an explanation is proposed for the better stability of CEM III material.


The Human Exploration Science Office (KX) provides leadership for NASA's Imagery Integration (I2) Team, an affiliation of experts in the use of engineering-class imagery intended to monitor the performance of launch vehicles and crewed spacecraft in flight. Typical engineering imagery assessments include studying and characterizing the liftoff and ascent debris environments; launch vehicle and propulsion element performance; in-flight activities; and entry, landing, and recovery operations. I2 support has been provided not only for U.S. Government spaceflight (e.g., Space Shuttle, Ares I-X) but also for commercial launch providers, such as Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) and Orbital Sciences Corporation, servicing the International Space Station.


An interesting Lewis acid-catalysed ring-opening reaction of N-(aziridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazines has been described in this context. A variety of functionalized enamines could be obtained in good yields through a highly regioselective cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen single bond in the aziridines along with a 1,2-migration of the substituent.


In this paper, we present a novel approach for face recognition combining classifiers based on both micro texture in spatial domain provided by local binary pattern (LBP) and macro information in frequency domain acquired from the discrete cosine transform (DCT) to represent facial image. The classification of these two feature sets is performed by using support vector machines (SVMs), which had been shown to be superior to traditional pattern classifiers. The experiments clearly show the superiority of the proposed classifier combination approaches over individual classifiers on the Yale face database and a high correct classification rate of 96% is obtained.


It is a worth highly taken topic to constructing a safe,reliable and effective campus net for each constructor or superintendent.Aiming at the campus net 's characteristic such as complexness and openness,the seven levels security protection architecture is proposed in the paper,simultaneously,each kind of security measure's application situation and solution question are pointed out.


Objective Study the effect of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride injected before anesthesia to prevent the perioperative shivering of cesarean section. Methods 80 puerperants undergoing elective cesarean section in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia(CSEA), ASAⅠ~Ⅱ, were randomly divided into two groups, 40 in each group. GroupⅠwas given Penehyclidine Hydrochloride 1mg before operation. GroupⅡwas given atropine 0.5mg before operation. Continuous monitoring the change of respiratory-circulatory, determining the level of anesthesia, recording neonatal Apgar score, observing and recording occurence conditions of shivering. Results There was no remarkable difference in two group puerperants' general condition (p0.05); There was no remarkable difference in two group puerperants' change of respiratory(p0.05); There were no remarkable difference in two group puerperants' change of MAP (p0.05). There were no remarkable difference in the change of HR in groupⅠ; And HR was increasing remarkably in group Ⅱ; 4 puerperants had slightly shivering in GroupⅠ, incidence is 10%. 7 puerperants had slightly shivering and 10 had severely shivering in group Ⅱ, incidence is 30%. Conclusion Penehyclidine Hydrochloride is better than atropine in preventing perioperative shivering, and have less adverse reaction. So deserves further clinical applications


Introduction:
 Statins have been hypothesized to decrease ventricular tachycardia/ fibrillation (VT/VF) through a direct anti-arrhythmic effect. Clinical studies have demonstrated a reduction in VT/VF only in populations with underlying ischemic heart disease. There have been no conclusive studies in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.

 Methods:
 Patients with an ejection fraction <35% who received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and had more than one month of follow up were included. The ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients were further separated into statin treatment and control groups. Occurrence and frequency of appropriate shocks were analyzed utilizing negative binomial models to account for over dispersion of the "count" data (number of appropriate shocks) and an adjusted intensity rate (IR) was calculated. Models were separately developed for the ischemic and non-ischemic groups and the IR was compared.

 Results:
 We included 676 patients whose mean age was 67.0 (±12.3) years, follow-up 3.32 (±2.43) years and ejection fraction 25.7 (±6.8) %. There were 65% (329/506) and 42% (72/170) patients on statin therapy in the ischemic and non-ischemic groups, respectively. Occurrence of appropriate shocks was significantly reduced with statins in the ischemic cardiomyopathy patients (13.4 % [44/329] versus 20.9% [37/177]; relative risk=0.64, p=0.028), but not in the non-ischemic group. The final negative binomial models for the two groups had adequate goodness of fit. The adjusted IR of shocks was significantly lowered in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with statin therapy [IR ratio=0.23, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.47]. No such benefit was noted in the the non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients [IR ratio=1.27, 95% CI 0.37 to 4.40].

 Conclusions:
 Statins reduced the occurrence and frequency of appropriate shocks for VT/VF in patients with ischemic but not in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Larger, prospective studies comparing these two groups are needed to confirm these findings.


For high-precision thermocouple calibration, the uniformity of the temperature field provided by the metal temperature equalizing block is low, and the structure of the gas-controlled heat pipe is complex. In order to improve the thermocouple calibration equipment, heat pipe technology can be used to provide the stability and uniformity of the temperature field of the equipment. The concentric annular heat pipe (CAHP) is completely placed in the heating furnace to provide a uniform temperature field, and limited studies consider this heating mode for alkali metal CAHPs. Specifically, no information is available on the effect of heating temperatures on the temperature distribution of the internal pipe of potassium CAHP. In this study, a temperature comparison based on potassium CAHP for high-precision thermocouple calibration was manufactured. The temperature stability and temperature uniformity of CAHP were measured, and the effects of heating temperature and heating mode on the isothermal performance in the metering wells of CAHP were studied. The CAHP can provide a very stable and uniform temperature field. Under uniform heating at 400 °C, the maximum temperature difference within 16 cm was 0.174 °C. After adjusting the heating mode, the maximum temperature difference was within 16 cm 0.095 °C. The CAHP can effectively reduce the influence of heating temperature fluctuation on the temperature in the metering well; the maximum temperature change rate of the metering wells affected by the heating furnace temperature was 0.0942 °C/°C.


The original preliminary design for the Long Island Expressway/Seaford-Oyster Bay Expressway (LIE/SOBE) Interchange Improvement Project, was completed in September 1989. However, a strong community protest prompted the DOT and its lead engineering consultant, Vollmer Associates, to modify the design and provide mitigation treatments.


A local-knowledge method for masquerade detection that uses a Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm is here proposed. This method does not consider training data from other users to build a specific user profile but his own. It is used a normalization phase that helps improve a previous NMF-based method by Wang et.al. Comparisons with other local-knowledge methods like Wang's, Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Eigen Co-occurrence Matrix (ECM) are presented. From results shown by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves we conclude that our proposal is better than Wang's et. al. and it has a better performance in desirable regions of operation than ECM and HMM.


An increasing number of papers indicate the usefulness of exhaled-breath condensate (EBC) in respiratory medicine. A European Respiratory Society statement on this subject was recently published.1 For the purpose of estimating the extent of inflammation in the airways, EBC seemed to perform well and might enable physicians to monitor the therapy of, for instance, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. EBC has also been examined for its specific information in interstitial lung disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung transplantation.2,3 Investigations of EBC have focused on H2O2, 8-isoprostanes,7–9 eicosanoids,10 and cytokines.11,12 A more recent focus of interest in EBC analysis is the pH of this noninvasively-acquired material. A decreased EBC pH was first described by Hunt et al in acute asthma, and this effect was normalized following steroid therapy.13 A reduced EBC pH was also demonstrated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease14 following cardiothoracic surgery,15 in acute lung injury,16 and during allograft rejection following lung transplantation.3 Because EBC pH measurement is rapid and does not require extensive instrumentation, it may be useful for estimating the extent of acute lung injury and as a repeated monitoring variable in ventilated patients.


The paper presents a cooperative game about the appointment for the study of the optimal distribution of workers in the enterprise. Many workers and many enterprises are given. In this model, workers can team up, work in different enterprises and perform different jobs. Workers, teaming up and working in different enterprises, receive wages. The sum of these wages at all enterprises forms the income of the team. It is required to distribute income optimally between employees. A numerical example of finding the Shapley vector is compiled, which, depending on the productivity of workers performing work, shows what income each employee should receive.


ObjectivesZZDespite increasing use of antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP), few studies have in- vestigated APP for Korean patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and clinical correlates and recent prescription profiles of APP in schizophrenia patients. MethodsZZA total of 297 schizophrenia patients were recruited and interviewed using standard- ized assessment instruments in Seoul National Hospital. Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between APP and antipsychotic monopharmacy (APM) groups were analyzed. The prescriptions of psychotropic drugs were collected by a review of medical records. ResultsZZIn comparison with the APM group, the APP group showed association with earlier onset, lower employment rate, and higher scores for Clinical Global Impression-Severity and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) (p<0.001). In particular, the BPRS positive (p<0.001) and affective symptom scores (p<0.001) of the APP group were higher those of the APM group. The most frequent combination pattern of APP was second generation antipsychotics (SGA)+SGA, followed by SGA+first generation antipsychotics (FGA), and SGA+SGA+FGA. For antipsychotics, it was risperidone+quetiapine, followed by clozapine+risperidone, risperidone+sulpiride, and risperidone+haloperidol. ConclusionZZThe current study suggests that the usage of APP for schizophrenia could be re- lated to symptom severity affected by positive and affective symptoms. The prescription profile reflects that the proportion of atypical antipsychotics on APP has increased. J Kor ean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2014;53(6):370-378


Imagine that you get such certain awesome experience and knowledge by only reading a book. How can? It seems to be greater when a book can be the best thing to discover. Books now will appear in printed and soft file collection. One of them is this book genetic polymorphisms and diseases in man. It is so usual with the printed books. However, many people sometimes have no space to bring the book for them; this is why they can't read the book wherever they want.


Abstract In colonies of the pharaoh's ant Monomorium pharaonis (L), new males and queens can be produced at any time by the removal of the inhibitory effect of the presence of existing fertile queens. When queens are absent, workers rear sexual larvae and will also accept sexual larvae introduced from other nests. However, in the presence of fertile queens workers cannibalize sexual brood, and will not accept male or queen larvae or pre‐pupae from other nests, although worker brood is always accepted and reared. Worker larvae are covered in bifurcated hairs, whereas sexual larvae are essentially hairless. Workers may use these morphological cues to distinguish between sexual and worker brood stages.


Objective To purify golden hamster.Methods Muti-parameters were got during the caesarean operation and analyzed.Results The survival rate of litter reached 85.5%,if the days of pregnant were correctly calculated.The weaning survival rate of litter was 69.3%.Conclusion The suitable condition of caesarean operation is the key for increasing the survival rate and weaning rate of the litter.


Roman art under the Empire manifested a protean nature, varying greatly in its visible essentials from time to time, and from place to place. That variation made the definition of its holistic character difficult for art historians familiar with more coherent periods of artistic expression and more consistent modes of reception. Late Antique art exhibited great variation, especially it its latest phases, when an irregular alienation from the traditional Greco-Roman norms of artistic production became progressively more pronounced. If the term "Late Antique Art" is to be critically effective as a stylistic designator with usefulness for the general historians of the period, attention must be paid to the uneven rates of change in form and content in the exploitation of its imagery. These intraprendent elements seem to have different trajectories: Content changed substantially in the service of an increasingly Christianized audience, less committed to the Greco-Roman tradition and its model imagery. Formal patterns were also under great pressure for change, driven by the needs of a spectating audience drawn to the focalizing of powerful figures. The repertory of such images became less dependant on a material referent in favor of optical abstractions which produced a distancing effect, an imagery existing at an uncertain remove in an ill-determined space, visible but beyond reach. Elements of the elite self-consciously clung to some reflexive reiteration of the Greco-Roman tradition as a personal symbol of cultural identity; in doing so they contributed to the later foundation of European artistic culture.


Nowadays, there are many kinds of biopsy. One that can be done in breast is core needle biopsy. Core needle biopsy is a tissue sampling procedure using hollow core needle size 11-16 gauge. The operator can direct the needle directly into the palpable lesion or by using imaging. This is a safe, effective, time efficient, and less costly. The disadvantage among others, can lead to infection, scarring at the biopsy area, and spread of malignant cells in the needle route.


1. Introduction Jekabs Osis is known in the Latvian history of philosophy as the first academically educated Latvian philosopher. His works and academic accomplishments influenced the development of Baltic intellectual thought during the first half of the 20th century. Even though Latvian philosophical thought only started developing at the beginning of the 19th century, Osis already had a solid foundation for his philosophy. Nevertheless, the comprehensive study of his legacy remains a work in progress. Osis spent most of his life in Tartu. Initially, he studied theology at the University of Tartu and later taught religion at a local gymnasium. However, not long after Osis resigned and decided to study philosophy instead. His choice was influenced by Gustav Teichmuller (1832-1888), who was professor of philosophy at the University of Tartu. After Teichmuller passed away, Osis became the professor of philosophy. From 1893 to 1905, Osis was the dean of history and philology, intermittently fulfilling responsibilities as head of the university. Osis taught logic, psychology, epistemology, history of philosophy and conducted seminars. His contemporaries described the professor as a true scholar, devoting his life to intellectual pursuits, adhering to a strict daily regimen (Jurevics 1948:8). As evidenced by the published works of Osis, as well as the lecture notes of his students, the philosopher represented what he described as a branch of thought pioneered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), Rudolph Hermann Lotze (1817-1881) and Teichmuller (Oze 1890:83). In Tartu Osis found himself among other followers of Teichmuller, such as Evgenij Aleksandrovic Bobrov (1867-1933), the Polish philosopher, Vincet Lutoslawski (1863-1954) and the Lithuanian philosopher, Wladimir Szylkarski (1884-1960). The aforementioned thinkers by Latvian and Russian philosophy historians are often referred to as the 'Tartu school of personalism' (Priedite 1991:9). Osis defined personalism as a worldview whereby the subject assumes a critical point of view and comes to a new understanding of cognition. He realizes that the external, seemingly existing world is merely a projection of himself (Oze 1896:14). Philosophers representing personalism were united in the search of new metaphysics that could serve as a theoretical foundation for the acknowledgement of personality as the highest value. Personalists focused on the history of philosophy and acknowledged Leibniz as one of their predecessors. However, after analysing the teachings of Leibniz on the subject of substance, Osis rejected his insights. This paper focuses on Osis' critique of Leibniz, revealing why Osis opposed the philosopher's work, and how he thus demonstrated the necessity of Personalism philosophy. 2. The Tartu school of personalism Russian and Latvian historians of philosophy tend to refer to Osis as a representative of the Tartu school of personalism. However, to place the contemplations of the philosopher in a broader context, it is important to ask--who were the personalists of Tartu? The arrival of German philosopher Teichmuller in Tartu can be considered as the beginning of the Tartu school of personalism. Heiner Shwenke noted personal considerations as one of the main motives behind his arrival. Teichmuller was in need of a larger salary than one offered by the University of Basel, in order to provide for his family (Schwenke 2006:49). However, the question can also be framed from another angle by asking why Teichmuller was offered a position at the University of Tartu, which was part of Czarist Russia at the time. During the 18th century there was no university network in Czarist Russia. However, the emperor Peter the Great, inspired by Leibniz and other thinkers, supported the proliferation of universities, academies and scientific societies. In this process, one of the main issues was the lack of prospective students, as well as academic personnel. …


THE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF RELIGIOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE. CRITERIA AND EVALUATION TOOLSAbstractAbout the 20% of the cultural heritage inscribed on the UNESCO world heritage list isreligious heritage and it represents the most critical cultural heritage with respect toprotection, aimed at enhancing authenticity, integrity and spiritual value. The localizationof this heritage, often attractive for its centrality in the territorial context, orients towardstouristic and real estate valorisation, but are these new uses consistent with the "intrinsicvalue" that has characterized them throughout their centuries of history? Which new usevalues do not conflict with their identity? And with the identity of local communities? Thisarticle aims to analyse the relationship between "intrinsic value" of religious culturalheritage and new functional uses, identifying a set of criteria for ex-post evaluation ofcultural heritage reuse projects in the perspective of the circular economy as "regenerative"of economic, social, environmental and cultural values.Keywords: cultural and religious heritage, circular economy, evaluation, adaptive reuse


Objective To investigate the treatment of chronic heart failure for atrial fibrillation. Methods By "atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure," "chronic heart failure," "treatment" as key words, to consulte CNKI, VIP, WanfangData databases. The articles from the literature meeting the search criteria was summarized to explore the progress of the chronic psychological failure treatment for atrial fibrillation. Results The number of the relevant literature was 114, excluding repeat, ancient literature, seven references from the past five years were choosen to focus on analysis. Conclusion The principles treating chronic heart failure for atrial fibrillation are to resist cardiac arrhythmia and anticoagulation, directing at the cause of disease. The non-drug treatment in anti-arrhythmic therapy is the important ways to solve persistent atrial fibrillation and chronic arrhythmia.


Tooth movement may be achieved by the use of sequential positioners made by altering tooth positions on set-up models to simulate progress of treatment. The principle is based upon Kesling's positioner concept of 1945, though its subsequent application to splint therapy was labour intensive and did not result in precise tooth movement. Invisalign was developed by Align Technology, Inc (Santa Clara, CA, USA) in 1997 by applying 3-D imaging technology to overcome these problems, and permitting customization on a large scale. Their system offers significant advantages, but still suffers from limitations which are discussed in this article.


The study aims at discovering whether the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model encourages the learning participation and achievement of PGSD students of fourth semester, academic year 2011/2012, Sanata Dharma University, in Global Perspective course. An observation was conducted to gain knowledge of their level of commitment in composing group papers and presentation using inspiring, creative, and communicative media, their activity in class discussion and other assignments. An evaluation on the students learning process based on the preset indicators was carried out to find the students' learning achievemnts. The preset indicators include a competence to identify, to analysis, to find a solution over global problems faced by the humanity, and to apply the global perspective development in elementary schools. The measuring instruments include papers, assignments, pre-test, post-test, mid-test, and final test. The research findings show that the application of PBL in Global Perspective course encourages students' learning participation and achievement. All preset indicators are fulfilled beyond expected target. Keywords : Global Perspective, Globalization, PBL.


Avocados have a fairly short shelf life and are included in climacteric fruits. Edible coating application is one alternative to maintain the shelf life of avocado. Cassava peel starch is potential to be used as raw material for edible coating making. Addition of bay leaf extract containing antioxidants can increase the functional value of edible coating. The purpose of this study is to know the shrinkage of weight, acid number, color change and respiration rate of avocado coated with edible coating from cassava peel starch with an addition of bay leaf extract. The study consisted of making cassava peel starch, bay leaf extraction, edible coating making, edible coating application on avocado, and analysis of avocado characteristics during storage at room temperature. The results showed that addition of bay leaf extract on cassava peel starch edible coating applied to avocado, an effect on characteristics of avocado. Avocado applied edible coating and stored at room temperatures had lower weight loss than avocado without edible coating, lower acid number, tend to be more able to maintain color rather than avocado without edible coating.


We give a short review of the development and gen- eralizations of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, provided in the studies of Dubovitskii and Milyutin in the 1960s and later years. Keywords: Euler-Lagrange equation, Maximum Principle, classes of variations, Pontryagin minimum, state constraints, mea- sure in adjoint equation, regular and nonregular mixed constraints, phase points, closure with respect to measure, three-storey theorem.


Abstract The field of interventional radiology has become an integral contributor in the multidisciplinary oncological treatment of numerous solid tumors in the adult population, especially hepatic malignancies. With continued growth and sophistication in the field of pediatric interventional radiology, interventional oncology (IO) principles and techniques are increasingly applied to children. While primary pediatric hepatic malignancies are less frequent than in the adult population, application of these IO principles and modalities in adults is becoming more commonplace. This article reviews the increasing application of these IO principles and modalities for the treatment of primary pediatric hepatic malignancy, as well as their role in the multidisciplinary care of children afflicted with these diseases.


In this paper, we study the statistical properties of the connectivity of VANETs with user mobility at the steady state. We assume a network of highways with arbitrary topology. The nodes arrive at the network through one of the traffic entry points following a Poisson process and move within the network according to a mobility model. The path of a node within the network is determined through a routing matrix. The system is modeled as a BCMP network of queues. We derive the probability distribution of the node population size within the network. Then, we determine the probability distribution of the cluster size seen by a new node arriving along a path. The presented numericals results illustrate the effect of mobility on connectivity. The results of the paper may be used to study the routing algorithms, throughput or delay in VANETs.


With the continuous development of the economy, the society has stepped into the knowledge economy age from the industrial age, and small and medium-sized enterprises have become the mainstay of China's national economic system, while small and medium-sized enterprises in China are developing continuously, they are also constantly improving their internal control. However, the development of China's market economy is still not perfect, and the internal control system of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively weak. The outstanding performance is that entrepreneurial management ability is not strong, the governance model of enterprise is imperfect, and the internal management system is deficient. If these problems are not solved for a long time, it will not only affect the continuous and healthy development of the state-owned enterprises, but also seriously affect the stability of the national economic order. At this time, the human resources, as the most dynamic, the most developing prospect and the most profitable strategic resources, are particularly important and become the dominant factor for enterprises to participate in competition and seek development. This paper takes small and medium-sized enterprises as the research object to analyze the human resource management value from multidimensional perspectives, such as managers and employees, which is of great significance.


This paper presents a novel paradigm for a spiking neural network to forecast temporal sequences. The key to the approach is a new model of a spiking neuron that can make multi-step predictions, using learnable temporal delays at both dendrites and axons. This model is able to learn the temporal structure of space-time events, adaptable to multiple scales, with the neurons able to function asynchronously to predict future events in a video sequence. This approach contrasts with conventional neural network approaches that use fixed time steps and iterative prediction. Simulations were conducted to compare the new model to a conventional iterative paradigm on motion sequences from a frame-free event-driven Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS128, 16k pixels), showing that the new approach consistently has a low prediction error while the iterative paradigm is affected by propagated errors.


4% The prognosis of level changes expressed by groundwater lev el dynamics The projection was calculated on assumption that significant changes in forest swamp ecosystems would occur provided that average groundwa ter depth level decrease by 50% of the actual groundwater level depth. The reduction of groundwater level depth as the outcome of this sce nario can be expected in 100-year period. Pragmatic action to be taken should prevent from the outflow of the water from the areas. The earlier carried earlier out chemical tests did not reveal any excessive accumula tion of chemical pollutants in soils, as well as surface and groundwater.


Why are division headquarters of multinational corporations in some cases located abroad? In the multinational corporation the physical location of division headquarters is a problematic issue because of the need for close links both to corporate headquar


Knowing where a mobile user will be next can deliver a tremendous increase in network performance under high load, as this knowledge enables pro-active load balancing. To derive this information, sequences of traversed cells are fed into pattern detection algorithms. After the training phase the learned model predicts each user's next cell. Even for complex scenarios, the prediction accuracy can exceed 90%. Predictions are used to rearrange mobile connections in a simulated high- load scenario centered around an event at a soccer stadium. To prevent call drops for mobile users targeting the stadium, apropriate resources in the predicted next cell are reserved. The results exceed 20% in improvements for throughput and call drop rates, enabling the network to bear a much higher load before stalling.


Abstract Objectives Accurate and precise estimates of discretionary salt (DS) intake are critical for designing salt fortification interventions and counseling on salt intake reduction. This study compared four methods of estimating DS intake among non-pregnant women of reproductive age (NPWRA) in northern India to inform the design of a trial of multiply-fortified salt. Methods Participants were NPWRA (18–49 y) in Punjab, India. Weighed food records (WFR), same-day duplicate diet (DD) composites, and samples of household (HH) salt were collected simultaneously from 100 women and repeated on a subset of 40. Sodium (Na) and iodine contents of the DD composites were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)-Optical Emission Spectrometry and ICP-Mass Spectrometry. HH salt samples were also analyzed for iodine. Methods for estimating DS intake included: 1) WFR: DS consumed from recipes or added at time of consumption were weighed; 2) HH salt disappearance (HHSD): total DS used by HH on the observation day divided by number of HH members; 3) Sodium estimation (NaE): Na content of 40 replicate DD composites prepared without DS were subtracted from the Na content of the corresponding original DD and difference multiplied by the molar mass of NaCl; 4) Iodine method (IM): analyzed iodine content of milk and milk products and commercial snacks were subtracted from DD iodine content, and difference divided by the iodine content of the HH's salt sample. The relations between methods were explored using Pearson correlation and Bland Altman analyses. Results Mean ± SD intake of DS according to the WFR, HHSD, and NaE methods were 4.7 ± 1.8 g/d, 5.8 ± 3.3 g/d, and 4.1 ± 2.1 g/d, respectively. Results of IM are pending. Pearson correlation coefficients for DS intake estimates obtained from WFR vs. NaE and WFR vs. HHSD were 0.82 (p < 0.001) and 0.48 (p < 0.001), respectively. Mean ± SD bias (limits of agreement) were 0.68 ± 1.25 g/d (−1.77, 3.13) for WFR vs. NaE, and 1.8 ± 2.93 g/d (−4.56, 6.92) for HHSD vs. WFR methods. Conclusions Discretionary salt intake from WFR and NaE showed good agreement and are feasible to implement in field settings. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


Aimed at the phenomenon of traffic accidents caused frequently by drunken driving,a measuring and controlling circuit for exceeding the driver alcohol standard is designed.The circuit is composed of alcohol gas detection circuit,analog-to-digital converter,the smallest MCU system,LCD indicator,sound and light alarm,relay,power supply circuit etc..It is programmed with C language software and compiled in keil environment.The hardware circuit is simulated in the PROTEOUS environment successfully,The MCU downloaded program and other related components are welded on the PCB board.Power,the alcohol gas detection circuit can be detected by the alcohol sensor.Concentration(below,average and above) can be voiced and indicated on LCD screen.When alcohol sensor test about alcohol concentration exceeds limit,the circuit can be automatically cut off to stop the ignition system of the car,causing a start failure for the car.


FROM a correspondent: ' The Annual Meeting of the Classical Association was held on April 5-8 at the University College, Nottingham, where the majority of members were entertained in the beautifully planned and equipped F. B. Hall of Residence. In the summerlike weather with which the meeting was favoured the grounds of the College looked their best, and even if attendance at lectures occasionally suffered, the success of the meeting was greatly increased by the beauty of the surroundings. The thanks of the Association are due to the authorities of the College and to the Lord Mayor of Nottingham for their hospitality, and especially to the Principal and Professor Granger, to whose forethought for their guests the success of the meeting is largely due. ' By the kindness of the Curator of the Castle Museum the collections from Margidunum and Nemi were specially exhibited for the occasion in the College, members being given ample opportunity for study after preliminary lectures on each collection by Dr. Felix Oswald and Professor Granger. Under Dr. Oswald's guidance a visit was also paid to the site of Margidunum, members proceeding thence to Southwell, where the Provost described the Minster. * In his Presidential Address on the Problem of Socrates, which will be published in full in the Proceedings of the Association, the Provost of Oriel argued strongly for a return to the traditional picture of Socrates. Ancient Geography was discussed in its easterly aspects in Professor Oliver Thomson's paper on the Silk Routes and Ancient Geography, while the geography of the west was dealt with by M. Jean Malye, representing the Association Guiilaume Bud6, in a pape/ on Pytheas of Marseilles. Literature was represented by Dr. Phillips Barker's amusing paper on Statius, and


His main idea is to construct a bounded domain $X$ and a partition $\{X_{i} : i=1,2,3\}$ on the expanding invariant plane $\mathbb{P}$ with respect to a linear map $L_{B}^{-1}$ which induces the Markov endomorphism on $X$with structure matrix $B$ by using the generating method of fractal curves. The purpose of this paper is to study more precisely the generating method of these domains. For this purpose, we introduce the concept of tilings of $\mathbb{P}$ by three kinds of parallelograms and the concept of the substitution $\Sigma$ on the configurations of parallelograms. (See Figure 1.) Using this idea, on the special class for $B$ such that $B=A_{1}A_{2}\cdots A_{k}$ , where


Several new complexes of 3-azapentane-1,5-diamine (apd) are described: [Co(apd)(GlyO)(OH2)]2+, [Co(apd)(Gly)(OH2)]3+(Gly = glycine, GlyO = glycinate) with a protonated co-ordinated carboxyl group, and [Co(apd)(PheO)(OH)]+(PheO = phenylalaninate). These are unexpectedly obtained as the major products from the reaction at low temperature of [Co(apd)(OH)3] with glycylglycylglycine or L-phenylalanylglycylglycine. The ion [Co(apd)(C2O4)(OH2)]+ has also been prepared for comparison, and the acidity constants for these and for several other aqua(3-azapentane-1,5-diamine)cobalt(III) complexes are given.


Since the first remote wind measurements in 1967, coherent Doppler lidar has become established as a unique tool for atmospheric research. Remote sensing of the two-dimensional horizontal wind field with airborne coherent Doppler lidar was demonstrated in 1981 using a low-energy scanning CO2 lidar.1 The scanner and operations control system were subsequently improved to enable wind field measurements at multiple vertical levels, and the system was reflown in 1984.2 Subsequent advances in coherent CO2 laser technology resulted in the development of a frequency-stable, high energy-per-pulse transmitter (~1 J) which was delivered to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and incorporated into an existing portable ground-based lidar system.3 Thus the possibility arose for the cooperative development of an airborne system with dramatically improved performance, hence greater scientific applications, owing to lower backscatter sensitivity and broader spatial coverage. In 1992 the lidar atmospheric remote sensing groups of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) jointly developed MACAWS, the Multicenter Airborne Coherent Atmospheric Wind Sensor. Existing components were used when possible to minimize programmatic costs. The high-energy laser transmitter is borrowed from the NOAA windvan lidar.3 The ruggedized optical table assembly is borrowed in part from an airborne backscatter lidar developed and flown by JPL. The scanner, telescope and other components are borrowed from a previous airborne Doppler lidar system which was limited in performance primarily to high-backscatter boundary layer features.1,2 Some hardware modifications were required to ensure flight safety, reliability, and compatibility with the aircraft environment.


This article is about teaching art criticism in college. Nowadays, the use of approaches that are not conventional, or only using a formalistic approach, is starting to bloom. This is because to discuss contemporary artworks that discourse increasingly diverse contemporary ideas, it is even more difficult to interpret them as an alternative to using a semiotic approach. One of them refers to the thought of Umberto Eco. One theory that can be used is called the "Theory of Lies." This theory is an interesting approach to interpreting signs in the subject of contemporary art criticism. In the use of this theory, a systematic approach is required, and application is based on semiotic principles. This is an effort to provide insight to students at the College of Arts in understanding the emergence of contemporary art works that are multi-interpretative, multi-interpretative, and subjective in nature.


ABSTRACT RESUMO and harvesting is naturally a crucial one. Soybean seeds reach their maximum dry mass accumulation and maximum physiological quality at the R 7 stage (beginning maturity) (Fehr et al. 1971), time when harvesting should be performed. However, because of the high moisture content of the seeds at that stage, harvesting is performed at the R 8 stage, when 95 % of the pods are mature in color (Diniz et al. 2013a).In many cases, the ideal harvesting time is exceeded due to the vast extension of planted areas and insufficient harvesters, or due to high rainfall rates during the harvesting process. Therefore, seeds may remain exposed in the field for longer periods.Soybean seeds, when stored in the field, are subject to adverse conditions such as climatic 1. Manuscript received in Jun./2017 and accepted for publication in Sep./2017 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4747576).2. Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, MS, Brasil. E-mails : email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com. Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil.


This study was tested in order to produce metabolic comprehension on efficiency of energy utilization by comparing, analysing relationship of blood glucose and insulin changes after all-out treadmill run exercise. The subjects of this study were 5 male athletes(football plyers), 5 ordinary male students on H university in Seoul. The protocol for exercise load was Bruce, s stress test protocol, all subjects were ran from rest to ail-out state progressively. Blood samples was drawn from antecubital vein by using multiple needle. The basic design for this study was repeated measurement within group and between groups, independent variable was exercise conditions and group, s property, dependent variable was Glucose and Insulin. All data were analysed by 2-way ANOVA for statistical significance, the analysis of their correlation was made by using qualitative analysis method Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The result of this study as follows 1. On the comparison within each groups, blood glucose concentration increased in immediately exercise, showed the highest level in post-10min. exercise, then suddenly declined in post-20 min. exercise on both groups with significance. 2. On the comparison Between each groups, blood glucose concentration suddenly increased in post-10min. exercise, then suddenly declined in post-20min. exercise in athletes groups with significance. 3. On the comparison Within each groups, blood insulin concentration significantly declined in immediately exercise, significantly increased in post-10min. exercise, then significantly declined in post-20min. exercise on both groups. 4. On the comparison Between each groups, blood insulin concentration on athletes group showed lower level than non-athletes group in rest and athletes group showed significantly decliner at immediately exercise, significantly increase in post-10min. exercise, significantly decliner in post-20min, exercise than non-athletes group. 5. On both groups, relationship of blood glucose and blood insuin was showed significant correlation only in rest, was not showed significant on other conditions. As a conclusion, The change of increase in blood glucose was showed differently by level of exercise intensity and training, blood insulin showed significant difference according to conditions and exercise experience, was showed contribute to energy of glucose. But, analysis of relationship of blood glucose and insulin was showed high correlation only at rest because balance of blood glucose and insulin breaked up by exercise stimulation.


The epistemological and the axiological aesthetics hold that the horizon of aesthetic research governs research methods,forms of research result and intrinsic ideas of aesthetics. Therefore,the change of aesthetic research horizon means the change of its logical start point. It mainly produces three important influences: bringing a reasonable structure to aesthetic resources ; resulting in discourse expansion of morphology of aesthetic knowledge; breaking through the boundary of aesthetics by means of the vision of the reality and practice,which has great significance for human aesthetic civilization.


Fish husbandry and rice culture management factors influencing the yield of introduced fish in ricefields of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta were studied by multiple regression analysis. A significant (P < 0.001) regression model was computed in which feed input and duration of culture period positively and ricefield area, rice seeding rate and the year of the survey negatively affected the yield of introduced, as well as indigenous, fish. The negative impact of larger ricefields is probably the result of the escape of fish. This is also probably the reason for the year of survey since the average yield of introduced fish was 92.5 kg ha−1 in 1995 (because of an extreme flood) as compared to 164.8 kg ha−1 in 1994. A high seeding rate of rice results in a dense stand which suppresses the growth of fish. Opportunities for improvement of fish production are proper ricefield construction, reduced seeding rates, stocking fingerlings early in the dry season and more intensive feeding.


The close bulkcapacity intelligent measurement is the important technical support for our country's shipping internationalization, standardization, the close monitoring. In order to achieve the reliability, efficiency and accuracy of measurement results, it is necessary to actively integrate with industrial Internet of Things, big data and supply chain technology and other advanced technologies. Among them, the liquid tank volume measurement technology is the basis to support the ship intelligence, and also the basis for the ship bulk liquid trade handover, pollutant management, fuel consumption measurement and other requirements. Traditional manual measurement capacity metering timeconsuming, low precision, unable to obtain continuous realtime data, cannot satisfy large data analysis, and the analysis of the complex supply chain requirements, discrete, non realtime measurement data, unable to support the supervision department of the shipowners and shipping ship liquid fine management needs, unable to support multinational trade in bulk liquid delivery requirements of the ship. In this paper, a real-time closed-form liquid volume measurement method with multi-sensors including the Internet of Things architecture is proposed, and a large number basis for liquid volume of tank capacity is constructed, which includes relevant influencing factors such as ship floating state, tank temperature and tank shape. This method can provide real-time and accurate data in reliability, efficiency and accuracy, and provide technical support for intelligent supply chain management. Effectively improve the measurement accuracy of liquid tank, and realize remote data monitoring. This study has the value of theoretical research and practical application in the measurement of ship cabin liquid volume, and is of great significance in promoting the measurement of ship liquid cabin volume in the aspects of Internet of things, big data, intelligent supply chain and so on.


Three aerobic varieties of rice straw IR-64, IR-36 and IR-30864 differing in their composition and rate of substrate degradation were incubated without or with 5 and 7.5% of tamarind seed testa (TST) to evaluate the effect of tannin on ruminal biomass production. Semi-purified tamarind seed tannin containing total phenolic content of 51.73% tannic acid (TA) equivalence, total tannin of 31.75% TA equivalence and condensed tannin of 23.32% leucocyanidine equivalent, degrading with a total gas production of 100 ml at a rate of 0.0306 mg/min was used for the study. The (TST) supplementation (P<0.01) reduced the potential gas production, prolonged the rate of substrate degradation in all the three varieties. The halflife was prolonged by 2h in IR-64 and IR-36 variety and 6h in IR-30864 variety. Incubation of straw varieties with TST at t1/2 period of respective straws, showed significant (P<0.01) increase of rumen microbial biomass production in terms of RNA equivalence. Significant linear reduction in gas production was observed in all the varieties with increasing level of TST. The efficiency of rumen biomass production were increased (P<0.01) in all the varieties with TST addition. The total SCFA contents were low in all the varieties of straw with addition of either 5 or 7.5% TST with resultant variations in the concentration of propionate and butyrates. Inclusion of tamarind seed testa at 5 and 7.5% to aerobic straws produced a shift in the fermentation pattern towards more microbial biomass, and less of gas and SCFA production, increased efficiency of biomass production along with higher propionate and lower butyrate and isobutyrate production.


Next-generation spectroscopic surveys will map the large-scale structure of the observable universe, using emission line galaxies as tracers. While each survey will map the sky with a specific emission line, interloping emission lines can masquerade as the survey's intended emission line at different redshifts. Interloping lines from galaxies that are not removed can contaminate the power spectrum measurement, mixing correlations from various redshifts and diluting the true signal. We assess the potential for power spectrum contamination, finding that an interloper fraction worse than 0.2% could bias power spectrum measurements for future surveys by more than 10% of statistical errors, while also biasing power spectrum inferences. We also construct a formalism for predicting cosmological parameter bias, demonstrating that a 0.15%-0.3% interloper fraction could bias the growth rate by more than 10% of the error, which can affect constraints on gravity upcoming surveys. We use the COSMOS Mock Catalog (CMC), with the emission lines re-scaled to better reproduce recent data, to predict potential interloper fractions for the Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) and the Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST). We find that secondary line identification, or confirming galaxy redshifts by finding correlated emission lines, can remove interlopers for PFS. For WFIRST, we use the CMC to predict that the 0.2% target can be reached for the WFIRST H$\alpha$ survey, but sensitive optical and near-infrared photometry will be required. For the WFIRST [OIII] survey, the predicted interloper fractions reach several percent and their effects will have to be estimated and removed statistically (e.g. with deep training samples). (Abridged)


Considering the rising cost and diminished availability of 100-octane, low-lead (100 LL) aviation gasoline, owners of aircraft certified for 100 LL may be forced to find an alternative fuel in the near future. This study proposes a blend of 200-proof anhydrous ethanol ($1.70 per gallon) and automotive gasoline ($1.15 per gallon) as a replacement for aviation gasoline ($1.90 per gallon). The research program included materials compatibility tests, Cooperative Fuel Research engine tests, static thrust tests, and a flight test to determine the feasibility of such a blend as a fuel for an unmodified aircraft engine.


Assume that \Gamma_{v_0} is a tree with vertex set Vert(\Gamma_{v_0})={v_0, v_1,..., v_n}, and with an integral framing (weight) attached to each vertex except v_0. Assume furthermore that the intersection matrix of G=\Gamma_{v_0}-{v_0} is negative definite. We define a filtration on the chain complex computing the lattice homology of G and show how to use this information in computing lattice homology groups of a negative definite graph we get by attaching some framing to v_0. As a simple application we produce families of graphs which have arbitrarily many bad vertices for which the lattice homology groups are shown to be isomorphic to the corresponding Heegaard Floer homology groups.


Finite element analyses (FEA) are flexible and advanced approaches, which are utilized to address difficult problems of aerospace materials that exhibit both structural symmetrical and structural asymmetrical characteristics. Frictional behavior effects are used as a crucial element in this multidisciplinary study, and other structural, thermal properties are computed using FEA. Primary lightweight materials such as glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), kevlar fiber reinforced polymer (KFRP), titanium alloy, tungsten carbide, steel alloys, and advanced lightweight materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) mixer, based on aforesaid materials underwent comprehensive investigations on aircraft disc brake, two-wheeler disc brake, and ASTM general rotating test specimen (G-99). Standard boundary conditions, computational sensitivity tests, and theoretical validations were conducted because the working nature of FEA may impair output dependability. First, FEA calculations were performed on a standard rotating disc component with two separate material families at various rotational velocities such as 400 RPM, 500 RPM, 600 RPM, 800 RPM, and 10 N of external frictional force. Via tribological experiments, frictional force and deformation of FEA outcomes were validated; the experimental outcomes serve as important boundary conditions for real-time simulations. Second, verified FEA was extended to complicated real-time applications such as aircraft disc brakes and automobile disc brakes. This work confirms that composite materials possess superior properties to conventional alloys for aircraft and vehicle disc brakes.