Richard O'Ferrall's claim of 5 March 1658 that the Stuart monarchy had no right to rule Ireland was made almost in passing. The real purpose of the report made by this Capuchin friar and courtier at the congregation of Propaganda Fide, the committee of cardinals whose jurisdiction included nearly all those missions and churches under non-Catholic governments, was to exclude all Irish Catholics of English descent from high ecclesiastical office. At the centre of his argument was the confederate Catholic association of the 1640s and the place within it of the Old English community. The Capuchin argued that the confederates had remained too closely bound to the Stuart monarchy, and that the Old English had betrayed the confederate cause to Charles I's lord lieutenant of Ireland, James Butler, earl, marquis and later duke of Ormond. Many of O'Ferrall's Catholic contemporaries saw him as a dangerous member of a radical tradition: a clerical assembly at Dublin in June 1666 burned his report along with a copy of Conor O'Mahony's Disputatio apologetica of 1645, which had argued that all Ireland's Protestants should be killed or expelled and a native king elected. The Commentarius Rinuccinianus, begun by O'Ferrall, developed the argument of the 1658 report on a grand scale.


Although all new drugs have to be tested to get regulatory approval, the same is not necessarily true for medical devices. Jeanne Lenzer reports on loopholes that are leaving patients at risk


Chronic pancreatitis is a relatively rare disorder occurring in 1.6 to 13 per 100,000 population. This is a progressive disease with persistent inflammation leading to damage and/or destruction of the anatomy and functioning of pancreas. The etiology is multifactorial. Alcohol consumption is implicated in 73% of cases. Primary hyperparathyroidism is an unusual cause and literature is limited on this interesting association. Hypercalcemia is thought to be the mechanism by which hyperparathyroidism causes chronic pancreatitis. In this paper, we discuss a case of an 18 year old female patient presented with prolonged dull unremitting upper abdominal pain since 3 years with hypercalcemia as cause due to parathyroid adenoma.


tion of President Putin's power and of his careful management of the expectations of the armed forces, whom he allowed a stronger role. Additionally, despite the many references to the unlawful nature of its ballot, the March 2003 referendum held in the republic, with 98% of results in support of keeping Russia's territorial integrity, was understood as the "first of a series of events that sought to institutionalize the new political doctrine" (p. 82). Following this same line, the word "normalization" was adopted as central to the Russian strategy of stabilization, implying the forced return of displaced people. Nevertheless, the Russian actions were not without response: "In the same way that the Russian armed forces punished Chechen civilians, the Chechen separatists blamed Russian civilians for the policies of their government. Russian civilians, too, became the recipients of a philosophy of revenge that deeply penetrated the radical separatists" (p. 143). The bidirectional though asymmetrical nature that the violence assumed made the failure of international actors to monitor and intervene more serious. Even so, for the first time, the European Court of Human Rights ruled against the Russian government, in February 2005 (p. 188). This book plays with the triad constituted by 1) the reassertion of the Russian state, 2) state-sponsored nationalism, and 3) prejudice against Chechens reasserted by the war on terrorism and the discursive use of human rights by Russian authorities in order to link the human rights tragedy to racism, a fundamental motivating factor for massive violence. Gilligan acknowledges the difficulties in making these linkages. Even so, her book is an important contribution to the literature. Her multilayered approach, her ability to highlight competing perspectives, and her insights into the way future investigations of human rights abuses could be conducted make her work a valuable contribution to the study of human rights.


There are many uncertainties with respect to the assessment of slope stability, and those associated with soil properties should be given particular attention. The uncertainty theory provides an alternative to treat these uncertainties using parochial cognitive sources. A novel methodology is proposed to evaluate the stability of slopes based on an uncertain set. The soil properties involved in the deterministic methods, i.e., shear strength parameters and unit weight, are expressed as uncertain sets, and their membership functions can be assumed to be triangular or trapezoidal for a homogeneous or two-layered slope, respectively. The parameter values of membership functions are designed according to the means and variations of the soil properties, and then the expected safety factor can be calculated through the operational laws. Two numerical examples including a homogeneous slope and a two-layered slope illustrate the suitability of the proposed methodology. The relationship between the variation in the safety factor and the changes in the soil properties is investigated; moreover, the determination of the parameter values of membership is also discussed.


The classical theory of metallic reflection is applied to the problem of absorption of ir radiation by thin films near the surface of metallic substrates. Amplitudes at the surface are calculated as functions of the incidence angle at 5.0 μ and 500.0 μ. The resultant amplitude near the surface is found to be an appreciable fraction of the incident amplitude, increasing as the wavelength increases. The implications of this result are discussed in the light of earlier work. These calculations are used in determining an experimental cell design. The techniques used in obtaining high-quality spectra with the resulting configuration are discussed. Preliminary spectra are presented.


The invention discloses a mass electricity consumption data analysis system, which comprises a data source, a data obtaining module, a data storage module, a data calculation module, a basic service module and an electricity consumption analysis platform, wherein the data calculation module is used for carrying out 98 distributed parallel computing on mass electricity consumption data of the data calculation module by adopting SmartMing and/or Rhadoop analysis tools and/or Spark frameworks, the basic service module provides GIS (geographic information system) service and visual service and carries out data analysis according to a calculation result of the data calculation module, and the electricity consumption analysis platform is used for carrying out metering device analysis, real-time line loss calculation, electricity consumption behavior analysis, feeder line analysis, electrical load predication and load real-time predication according to the basic service module. The invention also discloses a mass electricity consumption data real-time calculation method based on the mass electricity consumption data analysis system and a mass electricity consumption data mining method based on the mass electricity consumption data analysis system. The mass electricity consumption data can be subjected to analysis processing, and the processing efficiency is high.


Binary SiO_2/TiO_2 and SiO_2/Fe_2O_3 nanoparticle (diameter < 100 nm) aerosols of varying mole ratios of Ti or Fe to Si were generated in a premixed Bunsen-type aerosol flame reactor. The distribution of species within the particles was investigated using transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Phase segregation was observed to varying degrees in qualitative agreement with segregation expected from binary phase diagrams for the bulk systems. Differences between the SiO_2/TiO_2 and SiO_2/Fe_2O_3 systems can be explained by considering the variation in the thermodynamically stable liquid-phase solubility and differences in the ability of iron and titanium ions to substitute for silicon ions in the network structure.


In this paper,the speed control of batching process was studied and improved.The height from feeder outlet to materials surface in the container changed constantly in the multi-station weighing system due to the accumulation of the materials.The prediction model of suspended material was developed based on feeding speed and the height.The simulated results showed that the new method was better than traditional pre-closing control method and could be applied in the multi-station batching system.


Abstract Three-dimensional geometric descriptions of microstructure are indispensable to obtain the structure–property relationships of snow. Because snow is a random heterogeneous material, it is often helpful to construct stochastic geometric models that can be used to model physical and mechanical properties of snow. In the present study, the Gaussian random field-based stochastic reconstruction of the sieved and sintered dry-snow sample with grain size less than 1 mm is investigated. The one- and two-point correlation functions of the snow samples are used as input for the stochastic snow model. Several statistical descriptors not used as input to the stochastic reconstruction are computed for the real and reconstructed snow to assess the quality of the reconstructed images. For the snow samples and the reconstructed snow microstructure, we also estimate the mechanical properties and the size of the associated representative volume element using numerical simulations as additional assessment of the quality of the reconstructed images. The results indicate that the stochastic reconstruction technique used in this paper is reasonably accurate, robust and highly efficient in numerical computations for the high-density snow samples we consider.


Introductory text for an exhibition organized by Hotel Antelope and exhibited at ABC Gallery, Moscow, 19 May – 17 June 2006. Participating artists were Edward Adam and Sara Fletcher, Michael Cousin, Kim Fielding, Meriel Herbert, Paul Hurley, Sara Rees and Anthony Shapland.


ABSTRACT This article presents an analysis of conversation as a model for feminist theorizing. It explores the sources of resistance to this model, as these have been expressed by the author's students and by various writers. It elaborates what conversation might mean as a way of thinking about the practices of feminist theorizing, using the ideas of reflexivity and collaboration as key dimensions for understanding what we do when we theorize. The article presents some examples of reflexive, conversational theorizing and argues that this way of understanding the project of constructing feminist theories is empowering because it reveals that theorizing is a political act. When we theorize we build relationships and shape agreements that allow us to share and rework the life we live in common with others.


Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is a skin infection caused by a single-celled parasite that is transmitted by sand fly bites. Although the cutaneous form of the disease is often self-limiting, it does result in significant scarring and can spread to more invasive, mucocutaneous disease. Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries on five continents. The pentavalent an monials meglumine an monate (85 mg Sb/mL) for intramuscular administration and sodium s bogluconate (100 mg Sb/mL) for intravenous and intramuscular administration have been used for decades for the treatment of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis, and are the gold standard for other new investigational drugs. Cutaneous leishmaniasis has been treated in patients of all ages with a wide range of physical methods, including cauterization, surgical excision, cryotherapy and the application of local heat. The antibacterial activity of proteinase was determined against different types of bacteria isolated from patients and healthy individuals. The most sensitive bacteria were Lactobacillus spp. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most resistant. Candidal proteinase, also have an anti-leishmania donovani ac vity ( on the promas gote stage)[15] . Thus this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of proteinase enzyme on promastigote stage of L. tropica, in vitro and the possibility to be used in the future as an anti-leishmanial drug.


Results of a new study suggest that minimally invasive transposition of the temporalis tendon (MIT3) can reanimate facial paralysis, HealthDay News reports.


This paper focuses on safety systems in autonomous vehicles. It discusses safety standards, safety analysis, and safety in the system design. An electronic co-pilot designed to prevent collisions with other vehicles or obstacles, is also described.


As all Americans know, an assembly of men in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, pledged to one another their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honors. It is not frequently noticed that their action that day marked the beginning of a distinctive profession, of which many present were members: American law. Its creation was marked by language appearing in two sentences of the Declaration of Independence that all present signed:


Australian universities scored highly in the "World University Rankings", announced by The Times Higher Education Supplement on November 5. ANU's Vice Chancellor, Professor Ian Chubb, while naturally pleased at ANU's high ranking, quite correctly stated that "all these rankings are imperfect – they all aggregate different variables". Professor Chubb was also referring to the equally well publicised Shanghai Jiao Tong Index (http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/ranking.htm), which uses a different total set of indicators to the THES.


Keyboarding (typing) is a ubiquitous skill for most UK students, and most coursework essays must be word processed. However, few examinations, other than for students with disabilities, permit the use of a word processor. It is not known how students would respond given a free choice between handwriting and word processing in an essay examination. This study reports the findings when students were encouraged to choose between these methods of composition for an examination. Few opted to word process; the students' reactions immediately after the examination were obtained. The demands of essay examinations compared with assignments are identified and discussed, and implications for future enquiries are considered.


Increasingly, higher education students are being considered as customers or clients. But this new way of seeing students implies a substantial change in the traditional notion of the student. The idea of student–customers goes beyond the demand for proper attention to the student: it is part of an entirely new paradigm in higher education, which also includes other factors, such as the idea of higher education as a competitive market, public reputation as an institutional priority associated with a greater capacity for attracting and satisfying students, study programmes conceived by the students as an important personal and economic investment, curricula designed with a clear professional development orientation, quality systems centred on the value of customer satisfaction, and a new way of understanding educational relationships between students and faculty. This paradigm is the everyday way of thinking in some countries, while in others, such as Spain, it is slowly breaking through only now. This paper analyses this paradigm via an extensive bibliographical review of the research on the different factors that characterise it and its impact on the quality of the learning processes and the social function of universities.


Job-shop scheduling is one of the most difficult production scheduling problems in industry. This paper proposes an adaptive neural network and local search hybrid approach for the job-shop scheduling problem. The adaptive neural network is constructed based on constraint satisfactions of job-shop scheduling and can adapt its structure and neuron connections during the solving process. The neural network is used to solve feasible schedules for the job-shop scheduling problem while the local search scheme aims to improve the performance by searching the neighbourhood of a given feasible schedule. The experimental study validates the proposed hybrid approach for job-shop scheduling regarding the quality of solutions and the computing speed.


The present invention relates to a method of assembling web or film materials during a continuous process, wherein the method relies on the use of a static electrical charge. In particular, the method is applied to the assembly of web or film materials (10,11) during the process of making disposable absorbent articles such as female hygiene products, diapers, incontinence products, bandages, and the like.


The vapor pressures of the crystalline cesium halides have been measured in the 700–900°K temperature range. The salt vapor effusing from a Knudsen effusion cell was accurately collimated into a molecular beam with a well‐defined cross‐sectional area. Beam intensities were determined from the positive ion currents produced by dissociation of the halide and ionization to Cs+ on a tungsten surface at 1700°K. From the experimental vapor pressures and heats of sublimation, the crystal entropies, dissociation energies, and heats of sublimation at 298°K were computed using available spectroscopic and thermal data.


Abstract. The heterogeneous conversion of NO 2 on different secondary organic aerosols (SOA) was investigated with the focus on a possible formation of nitrous acid (HONO). In one set of experiments different organic aerosols were produced in the reactions of O 3 with alpha-pinene, limonene or catechol and OH radicals with toluene or limonene, respectively. The aerosols were sampled on filters and exposed to humidified NO 2 mixtures under atmospheric conditions. The estimated upper limits for the uptake coefficients of NO 2 and the reactive uptake coefficients NO 2  -> HONO are in the range of 10 -6 and 10 -7 , respectively. The integrated HONO formation for 1 h reaction time was 13 cm -2 geometrical surface and 17 g -1 particle mass. In a second set of experiments the conversion of NO 2 into HONO in the presence of organic particles was carried out in an aerosol flow tube under atmospheric conditions. In this case the aerosols were produced in the reaction of O 3 with beta-pinene, limonene or catechol, respectively. The upper limits for the reactive uptake coefficients NO 2 -> HONO were in the range of 7 x 10 -7 - 9 x 10 -6 . The results from the present study show that heterogeneous formation of nitrous acid on secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is unimportant for the atmosphere.


A standing wave is well developed in a petri-dish used for cell culture, which is subject to the height of the culture fluid. A simple acoustic theory states that the pressure at the bottom of the petri-dish varies from 0 to its maximum while the height varies over a half wave length of the driving ultrasound. This suggests that the standing wave pattern should be taken into account when the cell line in a petri-dish is exposed to ultrasound. The present study has experimentally verified the theoretical prediction using the pressure sensitive film attached to the bottom of the petri-dish, when water, instead of the culture fluid, was contained in the dish. The driving field was made of 1 MHz transducer (V316, Panametrics, USA). Gradual destructuring of the standing wave patterns was observed as the driving power increased and, thus, the surface of water was becoming more fluctuating. Keywords, standing wave, petri-dish, cell, culture fluid, monitoring


Wentilactone B (EN-48-57) is one of the six derivatives separated from Aspergillus wentii (EN-48). Of these derivatives, Wentilactone B exerted a more significant antibacterial and cytotoxic activity in several tumor cell lines. The present study demonstrates that Wentilactone B could efficiently induce SMMC-7721 cells apoptosis, but not normal hepatic cells, as measured by an inverted microscope, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and flow cytometry. In addition, Wentilactone B could inhibit the metastasis of SMMC-7721 cells, which was detected by colony formation, scratch migration and a transwell assay, and could induce a series of intracellular events, including the down-regulation of CD44 and epidermal growth factor receptor proteins. In conclusion, Wentilactone B inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells by triggering apoptosis and inhibiting metastasis.


Abstract In this paper we study a transform introduced by De Pril (1989) for recursive evaluation of convolutions of counting distributions with a positive probability in zero. We discuss some cases where the evaluation of this transform is simplified and relate the transform to infinitely divisible distributions. Finally we discuss an algorithm presented by Dhaene & Vandebroek (1994) for recursive evaluation of convolutions.


Abstract Balcis curta sp. n. is described, depicted, and recorded from the Norwegian west coast. It is most similar to Eulima talaena Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896, but can be separated by its smaller aperture and more obtuse protoconch.


Our ultimate aim is broodstock management and successful spawning of the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) Thunnus orientalis in small, land-based tanks. As a first step toward this goal, we conducted long-term rearing experiments using 0to 1-year-old PBT in a 70 m3 land-based tank. Given the high mortality observed in 2008 year-class PBT at low water temperatures (January-March; average water temperature, 13.6°C) in the 2008-2009 season, the average water temperature increased to 16.0°C during the same period when rearing 2009 year-class PBT. This increase in temperature prevented high PBT mortality during the low-water-temperature period. The 2009 year-class PBT (total length (TL), 44.5±7.9 cm; body weight (BW), 1.9±0.42 kg) attained lengths of 92.0 cm TL and weighed 13.0 kg BW after 16 months of rearing, which was comparable to PBT reared in marine net-pens. Histological analysis of PBT gonads revealed a significant increase of germ cell number. Moreover, type-B spermatogonia in testes and chromatin nucleolus stage oocytes in the ovary were observed in the 18-month-old PBT reared in this study. These results indicated that gonadal development, including proliferation and differentiation of the germ cells, had proceeded in PBT reared in the 70 m3 land-based tank.


Abstract : This study examines the ability of the CTH hydrocode to predict the effects of rod nose shape on the threshold impact velocity, whereby tungsten alloy long rods transition from rigid-body to eroding-rod penetration during penetration or perforation of thick aluminum targets. Two rod nose shapes (hemispherical and ogival) were used in the simulations, and two aluminum alloys (5083 and 7039) were used as the target materials. The predicted results are compared to an experimental study. Predictions of the threshold velocity for the ogival-nose rod are offered.


EDITOR—Holland and Weiner's clinical review on recent developments in Bell's palsy prompted 24 responses, 10 of them critical of the views on treatment.1 The authors were wrong to recommend early treatment with steroids or antiviral agents, or both, because the supporting evidence they offered was inconclusive and flawed; they ignored the best evidence (two systematic reviews) and selected other trials to support their own opinion; neither treatment is harmless, and antiviral agents are expensive; and they glossed other potentially useful treatments.

A physiotherapist thought the review a bit light on facial retraining for people with residual paralysis, and a surgeon from Seattle wanted more on the potential benefits of decompression surgery. A patient said that speech therapy …


Introduction: Over 400 Martian impact craters have floor materials that have been cross-cut by fractures, often long after crater formation [1]. These fractures form by a number of processes, but in a sizable subset, interaction of near-surface water or ice with a localized or regional magmatic intrusion is indicated [1,2,3]. The late formation and aqueous/volcanic genesis of the floor-fractures give them strong potential for exposing biosignatures dating from a range of periods in Mars' history. Specifically: 1. Where fractures form in the floor of a crater that underwent aqueous infilling in the Noachian (~4.1–3.7 Ga), they can create a deep crosssection through sediments within which early biosignatures may be preserved. 2. Where aqueous fluids welled up through floorfractures in the Hesperian to Amazonian (<3.7 Ga), any material deposited at the surface may contain signatures of extant (at that time) life in deep aquifers. Potentially warmed by magmatic heat, these aquifers may represent the prime habitable environment during this more recent period when surface conditions were less clement. We analyzed numerous floor-fractured craters in Margaritifer Terra, a region of Mars with a long history of aqueous activity, for evidence that biosignature exposure and preservation at floorfractures is feasible, and for the presence of hydrated minerals indicative of past habitable environments. Margaritifer Terra (34 to 14°W, -13 to 5°N) lies east of Valles Marineris and south of Mars' global crustal dichotomy. It consists of ancient (middle Noachian) highland terrains [4] that are cross-cut by extensive regions of chaos, where the surface is broken up into many slumped and angled blocks. The chaos is thought to have formed during a period of intense aqueous outflow activity in the Hesperian, possibly triggered by regional magmatic intrusion related to Tharsis volcanism [2,4,5]. We have investigated the morphology and stratigraphy of numerous floor-fractured craters here using mid-resolution CTX [6] and high-resolution HiRISE [7] images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) in order to assess whether fractures have exposed ancient Noachian sediments, and/or sourced outflow of later aqueous fluids. We have also used targeted hyperspectral data from MRO's CRISM spectrometer [8] and thermal inertia data from THEMIS on Mars Odyssey [9] to investigate the mineralogy and physical properties of units within each crater to determine whether these sediments are of a type consistent with formation under habitable conditions. Results: We have identified several impact craters where fractures up to 1-km-deep cross-cut thick sedimentary infills, at some of which we have detected hydrated minerals (phyllosilicates) in the exposed units. Additionally, within several craters there is morphological evidence for erosion of older floor deposits by fluids sourced from the fractures, and for deposition at fracture margins (Fig. 1). Together, these observations indicate that floor-fractured craters here are excellent probes into ancient surface and Hesperian-aged deep habitable environments and should be considered candidate landing sites for future astrobiological missions to Mars.


Preaching is where ultimate questions are wrestled with, where doubt and belief, needy world and saving truth, human hunger and divine word join together. It is where theology catches fire in human lives. In his autobiography Harry Emerson Fosdick said, 'My silent prayer rose each Sunday before the sermon started, &dquo;0 God, some person here needs what I am going to say. Help me to reach him&dquo;.' Sometimes


In shipyard companies, receivables are the main source of company revenue. Good control is needed so that it can run effectively and efficiently to avoid the risk of accounts that cannot be billed. But if the company cannot control it properly, the company will experience losses J12and even bankruptcy. This study aims to evaluate accounts receivable turnover so that it can be used as a tool to assess the effectiveness of company management. The analytical method used is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of research obtained from the 2013-2017 financial statements, showed the average billing period (ACP) in 2014 = 43 days, 2015 = 42 days, 2016 = 58, and 2017 = 39 days. If it is associated with standard criteria, payment of receivables goes into in smooth criteria. This reflects that the management of the company's receivables is very good and optimal.


Part 1 Traditional Views Reconsidered 1. The Two Faces of War: Toward a Balanced View of Military Force 2. Approaches to the Measurement of Militarism 3. The Effect of Wealth and the Measurement of Military Effort 4. Geographic Influences on Military Forces 5. Foreign Military Involvement 6. The Domestic Use of Military Forces Part 2 Cultural and Ideological Influences on Military Forces 7. Praetorianism 8. Marxism and Militarism 9. The Muslim Tradition 10. The Influence of Christianity 11. Romantic Pacifism and the English Way of War Part 3 Conclusions 12. Why Nations Arm: A Quantitive Summary 13. Is the United States Militarily Overprepared? I The Cultural Bias 14. Is the United States Militarily Overprepared? II The Facts and How to Use Them 15. Coping with the Cultures of War Appendix.


This study aimed to discover the experience of the family of a child or adolescent that was reinserted into his/her family after being taken into child protective services. We conducted a qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, with four families that had a child taken into child protective services in one of two specific institutions in a rural city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and they were then reinserted into the family unit. That data was studied through Content Analysis, through which the specific categories emerged. The results demonstrate that the interviewed families suffered from having their children taken into child protective services. In general, the mothers appeared to have understood the reasons for having their children taken away. Thus, contrary to what a stigmatized vision might suppose, there was affection between the children and their families. Moreover, Brazilian Law 12.010/09 has made changes that are bringing institutions and families closer together.


Technology parks have been widely embraced as a mechanism for creating local high-technology com plexes in the context of regional development policy. Such policies are constructed on the basis that the creation of an appropriate infrastructure can induce cumulative development of technologically-related activities. In theory it is expected that the growth process will be characterized by a high degree of innovation, the application of locally-generated knowledge, flexible forms of organization and inter dependence between enterprises. Previous research has shown that there is considerable variability in the forms of development which occur on technology parks, and a debate has developed concerning the potential for the decentralization of high technology industry to peripheral locations. While many tech nology parks may not attain the ideal in terms of technological synergies, they can nonetheless produce significant regional development outcomes. This is demonstrated through a case study of the Andalucia Technology Park situated on the outskirts of the City of Milaga in the south of Spain. In this case, the high technology label has plainly acted as a magnet for public sector funding, which has been used to create the kind of modern customized infra structure demanded by inward investors. The initial 'cost-per-job' has undoubtedly been high, but the availability of financial support from the public sector suggests that expansions of existing projects and further inward investment are likely to occur. This interpretation of technology parks has important implications for our understanding of regional policy in the 1990s. Many technology parks, in reality, are used to produce what can be regarded as less ambitious but significant regional policy outcomes (i.e. job-creation through relocation and inward investment) and are perhaps more appropriately judged in those terms.


Neurosarcoidosis is a serious and infrequent complication of sarcoidosis. Data on Biologic Therapy (BT) efficacy is scarce.To assess in neurosarcoidosis a) its prevalence and associations of clinical clusters and b) efficacy and safety of BT.Study of neurosarcoidosis from a large cohort (n=384) of all consecutive patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2019 in a single University hospital.30 (19 women/ 11 men) out of 384 (7.8%) patients had neurosarcoidosis. Mean age at diagnosis was 41.8±15.8 years. Clusters of clinical associations were lungs (n=23, 76.7%) and joints (n=15, 50.0%) (Figure 1). The underlying neurological manifestations were chronic headache (n=13, 43.4%), peripheral neuropathy (n=6, 20.0%), cranial neuropathy (n=5, 16.7%), spinal cord abnormalities (n=3, 10.0%) and aseptic meningitis (n=3, 10.0%). 26 (86.7%) patients received oral corticosteroids (mean maximum dose 50±19.2mg) and 7 (23.3%) iv corticosteroids. In addition, 18 (60.0%) patients received conventional immunosuppressants and 12 (40.0%) BT. 4 (13.3%) did not have any treatment. Table 1 shows the main clinical features and treatment.Figure 1.Clusters of clinical associations in neurosarcoidosis12 patients received treatment with 14 BT. Monoclonal anti-TNFα (n=10, 83.3%) was the most used BT. 10 (83.3%) patients treated with BT achieved clinical remission. No serious adverse effects were observed.Neurosarcoidosis was observed in 7.8% of systemic sarcoidosis. Most patients treated with BT, especially monoclonal anti-TNFα, achieved clinical remission.Table 1.Main clinical features and treatment of 30 patients with neurosarcoidosis.n (%)Conventional immunosuppressant, n (%)monoclonal anti-TNFα, n (%)Etarnecept, n (%)Tocilizu-mab, n (%)Secukinu-mab, n (%)Rituxi-mab, n (%)Chronic headache13 (43.4)5 (38.5)2 (15.4)0 (0)01 (7.7)1 (7.7)Peripheral neuropathy6 (20.0)4 (66.7)3 (50.0)1 (16.7)000Cranial neuropathy5 (16.7)4 (80.0)3 (60.0)0000Spinal cord abnormalities3 (10.0)1 (33.3)1 (33.3)0000Aseptic meningitis3 (10.0)2 (66.7)2 (66.7)01 (33.3)00Alba Herrero-Morant: None declared, Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Iñigo González-Mazón: None declared, David Martínez-López: None declared, José Luis Martín-Varillas Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Pfizer, Lilly, Janssen, and Celgene, Raúl Fernández-Ramón: None declared, Miguel Á. González-Gay Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Sanofi, Lilly and MSD, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, and Roche


The utility model relates to a control system enabling input power to change along with load and rotary speed simultaneously by dragging multiple motors by one inverter bridge, which comprises a stator voltage regulating unit, an electric motor unit, a rotor speed regulating unit, an inverter bridge unit, a control driving unit, and a signal processing unit. By arranging a power coefficient sensor, phase voltage and phase current of a motor stator are collected and used as control signals to regulate input power, and the input power is enabled to change along with the change of load. Simultaneously, by arranging a voltage sensor and a current sensor, the phase voltage of the motor rotor, output voltage of a rectifier, overvoltage protecting current and chopper working current are collected and used as control signals to regulate the input power and enable the input power to change along with the change of rotary speed. A plurality of micro-processors are adopted for operating and controlling, a branching function modularization circuit structure design is developed, an interface standard is explicit, the signal processing technology is interpolated, effective feedback of energy is obtained through concise combination of a mechanical structure and system software, and a purpose of saving energy is obtained.


Introduction: The Permanent Education in Primary Health Care (PHC) is a tool of strengthening of Brazilian public health system, in order to stimulate the development of a people-centred health care. It is a policy for qualification of the health work, through the collaborative construction of knowledge that attends the problems from daily practice, which means differentiating it from the traditional capacities that happen decontextualized from everyday life. Whereas the need to create strategies for inter-professional1 qualification in PHC, the research objective was to develop a health permanent education technology based on the principles of participatory education by Paulo Freire2.


Effects of multiple and dependent or correlated elastic scattering of phonons due to nanoparticles on thermal transport in random nano-particulate media (random phononic crystals) are investigated in this paper under various approximations. Multiple scattering means that the scattered wave from one particle is incident on another particle to be scattered again. Dependent scattering means far-field interference of the scattered waves due to phase difference, which is ignored in the independent scattering regime. Multiple and dependent scattering effects become important when the interparticle distance is comparable to the wavelength of phonons. Results show that multiple scattering primarily affects the velocity and density of states of phonons and dependent scattering primarily affects the mean free path of phonons. Effects of both multiple and dependent scattering increases with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles. Modification of these parameters affects the equilibrium phonon intensity and the thermal conductivity of phonons.


INTRODUCTION Introduction A matter of fractals Deterministic chaos Chapter summary and further reading REGULAR FRACTALS AND SELF-SIMILARITY Introduction The Cantor set Non-fractal dimensions: the Euclidean and topological dimension The similarity dimension The Koch curve The quadratic Koch curve The Koch island Curves in the plane with similarity dimension exceeding 2 The Sierpinski gasket and carpet The Menger Sponge Chapter summary and further reading Revision questions and further tasks RANDOM FRACTALS Introduction Randomizing the Cantor set and Koch curve Fractal boundaries The box counting dimension and the Hausdorff dimension The structured walk technique and the divider dimension The perimeter-area relationship Chapter summary and further reading Revision questions and further tasks REGULAR AND FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTION Introduction Regular Brownian motion Fractional Brownian motion: time traces Fractional Brownian surfaces Fractional Brownian motion: spatial trajectories Diffusion limited aggregation The color and power and noise Chapter summary and further reading Revision questions and further tasks ITERATIVE FEEDBACK PROCESSES AND CHAOS Introduction Population growth and the Verhulst model The logistic map The effect of variation in the control parameter General form of the iterated solutions of the logistic map Graphical iteration of the logistic map Bifurcation, stability and the Feigenbaum number A two dimensional map: the Henon model Iterations in the complex plane: Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set Chapter summary and further reading Revision questions and further tasks CHAOTIC OSCILLATIONS Introduction A simple nonlinear mechanical oscillator: the Duffing oscillator Chaos in the weather: the Lorenz model The Rossler systems Phase space, dimension and attractor form Spatially extended systems: coupled oscillators Spatially extended systems: fluids Mathematical routes to chaos and turbulence Chapter summary and further reading Revision questions and further tasks CHARACTERIZING CHAOS Introduction Preliminary characterization: visual inspection Preliminary characterization: frequency spectra Characterizing chaos: Lyapunov exponents Characterizing chaos: dimension estimates Attractor reconstruction The embedding dimension for attractor reconstruction The effect of noise Regions of behavior on the attractor and characterization limitations Chapter summary and further reading Revision questions and further task APPENDIX 1: Computer Program for Lorenz Equations APPENDIX 2: Illustrative Papers APPENDIX 3: Experimental Chaos SOLUTIONS REFERENCES


Abstract When compared with renowned and long‐established natural history museums in the world, the number of objects stored in the Shanghai Natural History Museum () is hardly noteworthy; however, the construction of the new Shanghai Natural History Museum represents a major opportunity, thanks to the digital technologies and new media so prevalent in the 21st century, which can be used to construct a museum without borders. The traditional format for exhibiting specimens is being reoriented using information technology and new media to explore the story behind the specimens and to set up a dynamic open knowledge system. The objective is to promote interaction between the public and the collection, providing access to scientific knowledge for evergrowing numbers of visitors.


Aims: The loss of biodiversity from the human body, caused by cultural factors in Western society such as widespread use of sewer systems and water treatment facilities, has resulted in a propensity for aberrant immune function, leading to pandemics of allergy, autoimmunity, (n=8), biota-enriched laboratory rats (n=15) and biota-depleted laboratory rats (n=20). Laboratory rats had approximately 33% of natural IgG and IgM levels compared to wild rodents. Biota enrichment in laboratory animals enhanced levels of natural IgG and IgM to similar extents. Immunization boosted the level to 47%, and co-housing with wild rodents coupled with exposure to helminths boosted the level further to within 72% of levels found in wild rodents. Conclusion: This study indicates that artificial biota enrichment in laboratory animals can significantly enhance immune function that is known to be important for cancer surveillance, wound healing, and a variety of other immune functions.


Missoni is a luxury Italian knitwear brand that partnered with Target in September 2011 releasing a large, one off, mass-market collection that ranged from apparel to home wares. The collaboration received extensive media coverage and was consequently extremely sought after. The online sales site crashed within hours of opening while shelves were cleared in stores minutes after trading began. Within hours more than 40000 items from the collection were posted for sale online at greatly inflated prices. Evaluation of the case study revealed that sales of the Missoni collection increased following the collaboration and the value of the publicity generated at estimated US$100 million. The lack of available stock, despite the enormous hype created, reinforced Missoni's luxury image. Missoni was able to gain massive awareness of the brand despite not employing any of its own communication channels in the promotion of the collaboration. However the co-branded collaboration was distinctively Missoni, potentially inciting comparison and confusion with the signature line. Nevertheless, this study shows that co-branding strategies can offer a viable opportunity for luxury brands to increase their market share, while they maintain their market position.


Summary Statement Help Received Jared A. Tramontano Fuzzy Structures with Application to Differential Topology, Manifold Learning, and Specialized Concepts S1428 Objectives/Goals The main purpose of the project is to introduce a notion of Differential Topology in the setting of Fuzzy Set Theory, introduced by Zadeh in the 1960's. As Fuzzy Set Theory is just a generalization of set theory, Fuzzy Differential Topology is just a generalization in the normal Euclidean setting. All concepts were developed with application to Manifold Learning in mind. Namely, one may consider fuzzy data manifolds in computer science. Methods/Materials The only materials needed for this project were a blackboard and chalk, various textbooks (notably Differential Topology by Hirsch), and academic papers. Results The standard setting of Differential Topology was extended to the notion of Fuzzy Topological Vector Spaces. Although slight attempts had been made previously, such attempts lacked rigor and depth. The new notions developed include higher dimensional fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Topological Separation Axioms, Fuzzy Differentiation, Fuzzy Atlases, Fuzzy Tangent Bundles, Fuzzy Cotangent Bundles, and Fuzzy Lebesgue Integration. These notions give rise to a proper foundation for Fuzzy Differential Topology, where most concepts, such as homology, should have suitable analogies in these spaces. Conclusions/Discussion In terms of computer science, these notions have been implemented in algorithms in manifold learning that seem to better handle real-world data sets, using the notion of fuzzy set theory. Two students at MIT have handled the writing of said algorithm, and the three person paper detailing my notions of Fuzzy Differential Topology and their algorithms, will be submitted for publication this Fall. In summary, proper generalizations of Differential Topology have been established, thus setting the foundations for future work in the area. Combining concepts from Differential Topology and Fuzzy Set Theory. Discussions with various professors at UCR and UCI, as well as students of MIT and Harvey Mudd.


Summary:  Learning disorders (LD) are disorders interfering with academic performance or with daily living activities requiring reading, writing, or mathematical abilities in subjects with a normal intelligence quotient. The prevalence of LD in the general population has been found to be 2–10% and reading disorders are the most frequent subtype. Epilepsy is one of the commonest neurological disorders in childhood with an estimated prevalence in 4–5/1,000. Epilepsy is considered to be idiopathic or cryptogenic in approximately two‐thirds of cases. LD are more common in people with epilepsy than in the general population: about 25% of patients with epilepsy are said to have LD. Various psychosocial, medication‐related, and epilepsy‐related factors may be associated with LD in epilepsy. LD can be either permanent or state‐dependent. Permanent LD are caused by a brain lesion and/or a stable brain dysfunction. In contrast, state‐dependent LD are potentially reversible and treatable; they are caused by epilepsy‐related factors. If allowed to persist for a long period, a state‐dependent LD may become permanent.


The article is dedicated to the essence of legal culture of a modern military leader personality, the necessity and determinants of forming personality under modern conditions of Ukrainian society functioning, reforming and developing Ukraine's military forces. It is proved that the formation of legal culture of a modern military leader personality is a dynamic and contradictory process, in the foundation of which lies the formation of social responsibility.


Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a dismal prognosis. Surgical resection increases survival but is reliant on accurate detection and staging of disease. In overseas studies, 18F‐FDG positron emission tomography (PET) has been shown to have high diagnostic accuracy and staging utility, but local data remain sparse, in part because the technique has hitherto been unfunded via the Medicare benefits schedule. Although Commonwealth funding for rare tumours (including of the pancreas) has been recently approved to commence in late 2022, the proposed item descriptor wording implies that PET should lead to a significant change in management. Accordingly, the aims of this study are to characterize PET findings in newly diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma using standard parameters, such as the SUVmax, and assess the proportion of cases in which PET altered initial management planning.


Objective The preferential delayed enhancement of the perilymphatic space enables detection of the non-enhancing endolymphatic hydrops present in patients with Ménière's disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of delayed postcontrast 3D FLAIR images and a color map of fused postcontrast FLAIR and constructive interference steady state (CISS) images in the identification of endolymphatic hydrops in patients with clinically diagnosed Ménière's disease. Study Design Case control, blinded study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Ten patients with Ménière's disease and five volunteer controls. Intervention Diagnostic. Main Outcome Measure Two neuroradiologists blinded to the clinical history independently evaluated for the presence of endolymphatic hydrops on the images of both inner ears for test and control subjects. Both the standard gray-scale FLAIR images and the fused color map images were independently reviewed. Results The gray-scale 3D FLAIR images demonstrated 68.2% sensitivity and 97.4% specificity, and the fused color map images demonstrated 85.0% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity in the identification of endolymphatic hydrops in Ménière's disease. There was significant correlation between the gray-scale 3D FLAIR images and fused color map images with the categorization of involvement (p = 0.002). Inter-evaluator reliability was excellent (kappa = 0.83 for gray-scale images, kappa = 0.81 for fused color map). Conclusion Delayed 3D FLAIR and fused 3D FLAIR-CISS color map images of the inner ears after intravenous contrast administration are potentially useful diagnostic tools in the evaluation of patients with suspected Ménière's disease.


This paper presents a new multi-agent system platform that takes advantage of XMPP. Among the new message transport protocols that have been recently developed, Jabber (XMPP) is a protocol that is based on Instant Messaging networks that use real-time messaging between applications. This platform is fully FIPA compliant and provides a simple interface to create agents using this new communication concept.


The global optimisation of Loney's solenoid, aiming at minimizing the level of inhomogeneity of the main field, was proposed and solved as a first benchmark for single criterion optimisation. Accordingly, the TEST (Testing Electromagnetic Synthesis Techniques) environment has been set up. Based on Loney's solenoid even in the unshielded configuration, a multicriteria optimisation problem has been then formulated: to identify the coil geometry producing a main field with the minimum inhomogeneity within the solenoid and, at the same time, a minimum level of stray field around the solenoid. The scope of this contibution is to compare different methodologies for the solution of the multicriteria design problem.


The Latin transliteration schemes for the Chinese names have a great significance in the development of Mongolian corpus, lexical analysis and named entity recognition. There are many problems in the tagging of Chinese names at the present time, owing to which, the author puts forward schemes for Chinese names' Latin transliteration schemes based on the features of Chinese and Mongolian.


Converteam recently has introduced the MV7000 series of medium voltage drives, designed with Press Pack IGBT (PPI) in 3-level NPC topology in the power range from 4 MW to 32 MW [3]. PPI combines the benefits of disk type device technology with state-of-the-art semiconductor technology. This paper explains relevant technical features and design issues related to MV7000 including direct series connection of devices.


Urban park green space is an integral part of urban public green space. The smart technique can improve the efficiency of the construction and management of urban parks. This research combines the life cycle of park green space with users' requirement, and establishes an overall frame of a system in which smart technique is applied to the park green space, namely a layered structure which consists of the sensing layer, network layer, supporting layer and application layer. Smart technique is applied to the planning, designing, construction, management, updating and other stages of the park green space, so as to provide efficient and convenient services for the government, the designers, the public, management personnel and so on. In conclusion, the application of the smart technology can promote the rationality of the planning and construction, enhance the friendliness of the usage of park green space environment, and improve the management efficiency and scientificity of the park green space.


3D object detection has attracted a significant amount of attention and interest from both academia and industry due to its indispensable role in understanding 3D environments. By fusing the camera and LiDAR sensors, it is expected to improve both the accuracy and robustness of 3D object detection. However, existing fusion approaches are either limited by cascading processing, or easy to be influenced by the interference information in multi-sensors. To this end, this paper incorporates meta learning to fuse the camera and LiDAR data. Specifically, we first extract meta knowledge from images, and then apply it to generate the parameter weights of a set of convolution kernels, which are further exploited for feature extraction on LiDAR point clouds. Furthermore, we propose a meta fusion network (MF -Net), enabling accurate and robust 3D object detection. The superiority and effectiveness of MF -Net have been demonstrated by extensive experiments on KITTI 3D object detection dataset.


The ephemeris of a pulsar is stable for a long time, which allows navigation based on pulsar orientation to be vector feasible. The formation of a satellite navigation model using the orientation vector of an X-ray pulsar signal is presented in this paper. To obtain the time difference of arrival (TDOA), a new estimation method is constructed, which can measure the photon sequence of an X-ray pulsar signal and is based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Next, three new observation variables are constructed. The variables are satellite phase incrementation; the angle between the satellite baseline and the pulsar direction vector; and the angle between the plane spanned by three satellite baselines and the pulsar direction vector. All three variables, along with the TDOA of the X-ray pulsar signal, are utilized to determine the orbit. The position and velocity of the satellite formations are estimated by using the adaptive divided difference filter (ADDF) to eliminate nonlinearity. Several simulation cases are designed to verify the proposed method.


Fruit growth rates and yields of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) collected from irrigation experiments from 1967–1980 in the Hula Valley of Israel indicated that the seasonal course of growth rate expressed in volume units was linear in optimal irrigation regimes regardless of the method of irrigation. Equations for converting the circumference measurements to volume units were developed for 5 commercial apple cultivars. Typical fruit volume growth lines are presented for growers use to control irrigation regimes in conjunction with the common pan evaporation coefficients.


This article aims to establish a semi-analytical approach based on the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to find the closed form or approximated solutions for the population balance equations such as Smoluchowski's coagulation, fragmentation, coupled coagulation-fragmentation and bivariate coagulation equations. An accelerated form of the HPM is combined with the Elzaki transformation to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the method. One of the significant advantages of the technique lies over the classic numerical methods as it allows solving the linear and non-linear differential equations without discretization. Further, it has benefits over the existing semi-analytical techniques such as Adomian decomposition method (ADM), optimized decomposition method (ODM), and homotopy analysis method (HAM) in the sense that computation of Adomian polynomials and convergence parameters are not required. The novelty of the scheme is shown by comparing the numerical findings with the existing results obtained via ADM, HPM, HAM and ODM for non-linear coagulation equation. This motivates us to extend the scheme for solving the other models mentioned above. The supremacy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by taking several numerical examples for each problem. The error between exact and series solutions provided in graphs and tables show the accuracy and applicability of the method. In addition to this, convergence of the series solution is also the key attraction of the work.


This is the introductory chapter of the book Latin-into-Hebrew: Texts and Studies . This book addresses a neglected segment of the cultural transfer in medieval Europe. Cultural transfer can take place only if the two cultures in question are in contact. Here the authors are interested in intellectual contacts, which can be grossly divided into those that emerged in a context of concord and cooperation and those that grew out of confrontation. The book is arranged accordingly: Parts I, II, and III include studies on intellectual exchanges in a globally harmonious or neutral context; Part IV is devoted to exchanges in the conflictual religious sphere. Part V includes two studies of a more general nature, and, in addition, an "Afterword". A message in which political cosmopolitanism and free intellectual exchange were highlighted in order to counter the increasing focus, prevalent in both Jewish and non-Jewish scholarship, on narrowly defined national cultures. Keywords: cultural transfer; Hebrew; Latin; medieval Europe


Field observations on the behaviour of adult Galapagos giant tortoises (Geochehne elephantopus) on the islands of Santa Cruz (Indefatigable) and Pinzon (Duncan) were made by the 1972 Expedition, and on Santa Cruz by the 1973 Expedition. The animals (in all 14 on Santa Cruz and three on Pinzon) were observed continuously throughout the day for periods of 3–14 days so that their main non-reproductive activities (feeding and walking) could be quantitatively recorded. The period of potential activity was between about 08.00 hrs and 16.00–18.00 hrs, but the pattern of behaviour was extremely variable, both in a given individual and between one individual and another; it seemed little influenced by the relatively slight fluctuations of temperature and climate which occurred during the period of study (July-September) on Santa Cruz. The tortoises on Pinzon, a much more arid island, were less active, and one showed a strongly bimodal activity pattern with a resting period during the middle of the day. The animals studied in 1972 showed a strong disposition to return after several days to the same sleeping place, but this homing tendency was not observed in 1973. This discrepancy can perhaps be attributed to the fact that the two expeditions worked in different areas under different weather conditions. Observations on the plants eaten, on the association between tortoises and certain birds, and on some other aspects of tortoise behaviour such as walking speed and responses to sounds are also described.


Background: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is one of the most common causes of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality. In South Korea, about 25% of patients admitted to the ICU require mechanical ventilation. The in-hospital mortality rate of these patients is 48%. Respiratory failure can be categorized based on pathophysiologic derangements, and the treatment options vary depending on their classification. This study discusses the status and treatment strategies of patients with ARF in Korea.Current Concepts: The most common treatment for ARF was conventional oxygen therapy, being used at least once in 7.0% of all admitted adult patients and 85.1% of patients admitted with respiratory failure. High-flow oxygen therapy was required in 1.4% of all admissions and 17.2% of respiratory failure-related admissions. High-flow oxygen therapy was attempted in 19.1% of patients who needed invasive mechanical ventilation. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) was used in 0.4% of all admissions and 5.1% of respiratory failure-related admissions. Hypercapnic respiratory failure (57.1%) was the most common reason for NIV use. Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 2.8% of all admissions and 33.8% of respiratory failure-related admissions.Discussion and Conclusion: Despite its clinical significance, no large-scale studies have been performed on the etiology, treatment, and prognosis of patients with ARF in South Korea. A multicenter or a Korean National Health Insurance Service database study is necessary to accurately identify the characteristics, diagnose problems, and develop treatment guidelines for patients with ARF in South Korea.


How cancer cells adapt to evade the therapeutic effects of drugs targeting oncogenic drivers is poorly understood. Here we report an epigenetic mechanism leading to the adaptive resistance of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. Prolonged FGFR inhibition suppresses the function of BRG1-dependent chromatin remodeling leading to an epigenetic state that derepresses YAP-associated enhancers. These chromatin changes induce the expression of several amino acid transporters resulting in increased intracellular levels of specific amino acids that reactivate mTORC1. Consistent with this mechanism, addition of mTORC1 or YAP inhibitors to FGFR blockade synergistically attenuated the growth of TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel feedback loop involving an epigenetic state transition and metabolic reprogramming that leads to adaptive therapeutic resistance and provide new therapeutic strategies to overcome this mechanism of resistance.
 Citation Format: Yihao Li, Xintao Qiu, Xiaoqing Wang, Hui Liu, Renee Geck Geck, Alok Tewari, Kin-Hoe Chow, Tengfei Xiao, Paloma Cejas, Quang-Dé Nguyen, Henry Long, Shirley X Liu, Alex Toker, Myles Brown. FGFR inhibitor mediated dismissal of SWI/SNF complexes from YAP-dependent enhancers induces therapeutic resistance in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-04.


The initial growth of pulsed laser deposited SrCuO 2 (SCO) and CaCuO 2 (CCO) on SrTiO 3 has been studied using high pressure Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). For this, we developed a Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)- RHEED system, with the possibility to study the growth and to monitor the growth rates, in situ , at typical PLD pressures (10–50 Pa). In case of depositing oxide materials, high oxygen pressures are desired. Moreover, crystallinity can be improved using higher oxygen pressures and therefore higher temperatures. With this technique we are able to obtain atomically flat films, a first step towards multi-layer structures. In this paper we present the initial growth studies of SCO and first results incorporating CCO layers in a SCO matrix.


With the ever-increasing security challenges, resulting from the activities of different militia groups in Nigeria, the researcher chose to single out the growing incidence of banditry in the Northwest Nigeria for analysis and to direct policy approach. Guided by two objectives, (1) causative factors of banditry (2) patterns and trends in banditry; information and data on the subject were gathered through literature review (books, journals, policy reports and newspapers). The Political economy, Means-End and the Sub-cultural theories were integrated to further support the discourse. Both theoretical and empirical evidence implicated poverty and other harsh economic conditions, porous borders, low education, and bad governance as major causes of banditry in the region under review. There is an exponential increase in the trend and pattern of this phenomenon, with dire consequences on security and national development and cohesion, as well has resulted in outright destruction of lives and property. The advocacy is on all level of government (Local, State and Federal) to build and sustain inclusive social capital and functional political economy and social structure for enduring public safety and peaceful coexistence. These will go a long way I addressing the issues of abject poverty, low education, bad governance and corruption in border security, which coalesce with other push-pull factors to escalate banditry in the Northwest Nigeria.


The use of literature,and logic analysis method,from the perspective of life education to carry out physical education teaching in university education aid skills to study the necessity and implementation approach.Think: the premise of life education is education,and basic knowledge of the life of the ambulance is an important part of life education.PE teaching is the best way to implement medical education.Through publicity,ambulance knowledge into the curriculum,theory and practice forms of teaching,strengthen teacher training and professional knowledge of teaching approaches to the implementation of aid to our colleges and universities for the promotion of medical education play a role.


270 Background: Abiraterone acetate (AA) and enzalutamide (ENZ) are two new agents indicated for the treatment of patients with mCRPC. Presently, there is a high level of interest in understanding the relative clinical and economic value of these therapies. The objective of this study was to determine the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of AA vs. ENZ. Methods: The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes) construct was used to assess the comparability of Study COU-AA-301 for AA and the AFFIRM trial for ENZ, and an ITC was conducted using the Bucher method and Bayesian statistics. A survival-based Markov cohort model with three health states (progression-free, progressed, and death) was developed to project cost-effectiveness over a life time horizon. Since only the US price of ENZ was publicly available at the time of analysis, US drug acquisition costs were used. Average wholesale prices for 30-day supplies of AA and ENZ were $7,674 and $8,940, respectively. One-way sensi...


The
 adsorption of but-1-ene, buta-1,3-diene, cis-but-2-ene and trans-but-2-ene on the all-silica DD3R
 has been investigated using a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). The single-component adsorption
 isotherms of buta-1,3-diene and trans-but-2-ene are reported for the first time at temperatures in the
 range from 303 to 473 K and at pressures up to 1.5×105 Pa. The Langmuir isotherm appropriately describes
 their equilibrium data of adsorption on the all-silica DD3R. The analysis of thermodynamic properties such as isosteric heat and entropy of adsorption indicates that the adsorbent is energetically uniform. Transient
 experiments reveal that the 8-ring windows of the all-silica DD3R are accessible to buta-1,3-diene
 and trans-but-2-ene molecules, while they exclude but-1-ene and cis-but-2-ene molecules. High adsorption selectivities
 suggest that the
 all-silica DD3R
 might be an effective
 adsorbent for the separation or purification of C4 mixtures.


Abstract The distribution of Pectinaria koreni larvae in the Seine river plume was studied in June 1992 in the course of three inshore–offshore transects. Plume waters were characterized by a higher turbidity and a well-developed phytoplankton biomass. The hydrological structure varied greatly among surveys, principally due to lunar tidal cycle and wind events. Pectinaria koreni larval densities were consistently larger, by at least one order of magnitude, in plume waters than they were in ambient shelf waters. The frontal structure of the plume, acting as a physical boundary, may favour transport along a coastal band which offers rich trophic resources and limits offshore export. Nonetheless, some mixing processes were observed between water masses. Wind events were also able to break up the front and induce a large-scale dispersal of larvae. In frontal zones, larval and phytoplankton aggregation was quite variable and this cannot be explained by a calculated index of potential convergent velocities.


Sir, Treatment of palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPP) is difficult (1). Topical treatment with anti-psoriatic drugs often gives unconvincing results. Even systemic treatments show initial efficacy in only a certain proportion of patients. Other patients are resistant to any kind of therapy. And in other patients, again, adverse events lead to dose reduction or, imperatively, to discontinuation of therapy. The patient described here had a long history of PPP. Even tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibody infliximab, given a short time before caused only transient improvement when applied as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate. We finally initiated treatment with efalizumab, whereby the condition cleared within 10–12 weeks.


The crystal structure of the title compound, C4H15N3 2+·C7H3NO4 2−, consists of diethylenetriaminium (2,2′-azanediyldiethanaminium) cations and pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylate anions, which are linked by N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. C—H⋯π interactions are also observed. In the anion, the carboxylate groups are oriented at dihedral angles of 11.04 (15) and 6.31 (14)° with respect to the pyridine ring.


Objective: To observe the influence of invigorating the kidney herbs on semen parameters and sperm DNA quality.Methods: 68 patients with male infertility enrolled in this study were randomly assigned to 2 groups: observation group(Liuwei dihuang soft capsule,n=35) and control group(Vitamins E capsule,n=33).12 weeks for a course of treatment.The computer assistant sperm analysis and sperm DNA quality were detected before and after treatment.Results: After 12 weeks,treatment,motility,the ratio of deformity sperm and the DNA pieces of sperm showed significant differences between the observation group and control group(P0.05).Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medical herbs of invigorating the kidney can effectively improve the semen parameters,the mechanisms may be by improvement of the quality of the sperm DNA.


I wish to thank D.P. Steinfort and co-workers for their correspondence which describes another temporal infectious complication related to endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). New technology integration into current procedures utilised in clinical practice can evolve rapidly, often before thorough understanding of potential limitations and complications can be appreciated and reported. Early EBUS-TBNA experience had been contained within several highly experienced bronchoscopy programmes; however, the technology is spreading rapidly among all levels of academic and community practice worldwide. In 2003, the American College of Chest Physicians recommended 50 supervised procedures to attain competence in EBUS 1. These recommendations …


The cotangent function is shown to play a key role in special relativity theory, silver mean constants, p-cycles for all positive integer values of p, and period doubling bifurcations from chaos theory. Geometry and properties of number play important roles in the analysis. A new theorem pertaining to periodic continued fractions is introduced.


Supplier evaluation and selection is a key element in the industrial buying process, and appears to be one of the major activities of the professional industries. This is because the cost and quality of good and services sold are directly related to the cost and quality of goods and services purchased. In real life, the modeling of many situations may not be sufficient or exact, as the available data are inexact, vague, imprecise and uncertain by nature. In this paper, we use fuzzy Delphi, fuzzy AHP, and SIR.VIKOR as a decision tool to supplier selection. We used SIR.VIKOR for the first time in supplier selection problem. The aim of this study is develop a model with high reliability for supplier selection. From fuzzy Delphi we extracted nine essential criteria and with fuzzy AHP we weight these criteria and with SIR.VIKOR we choose the best supplier. We construct a questionnaire for fuzzy AHP and SIR. VIKOR that it's not needed to notice cost orientation or benefit orientation of criteria. Our finding shows that four criteriaquality, service, cost and deliveryare the most effective criteria respectively and five criteriaflexibility, past performance, technology ability, facility and responsiveness to customerrespectively have the complementary effect on supplier selection. Supplier Selection by using Fuzzy Delphi, Fuzzy AHP and SIR.VIKOR 25


The present invention discloses a Gamma voltage generation module, providing Gamma voltage to the liquid crystal panel comprising a plurality of pixel cells, each pixel cell includes a main pixel and the sub-pixel region M S region, Gamma voltage generating module comprises: a reference voltage unit , dividing resistor string to provide a reference voltage; first dividing resistor string is coupled to a reference voltage unit, the voltage division formed corresponding to the reference grayscale 0-255 Gamma voltage supplied to the main pixel region M; second partition dividing resistor string is coupled to a reference voltage unit, the voltage division formed corresponding to the reference grayscale 0-255 Gamma voltage, supplied to the sub-pixel region S; wherein the first voltage-dividing resistor string and the second voltage-dividing resistor string in at least 0, Gx, Gx + 1 gray scale and the 255-point connection of the Gamma voltage generating reference voltage. The present invention also discloses a liquid crystal panel comprising the above Gamma voltage generating module.


EDITOR—In their review of the management of urinary incontinence in women, Thakar and Stanton say that patients with chronic urinary incontinence, particularly elderly patients, may be easier to manage with a permanent indwelling catheter.1 As one of the "geriatric giants" described by Isaacs in 1992, urinary incontinence is a serious problem in older patients, with a prevalence of one in five to 10 in women older than …


The designation of Juan Carlos I as successor of Franco as King of Spain did not please all the written media in the context of Fraga's 1966 Press Law. On the one hand, this decision did not satisfy the Falangist newspapers, which rejected monarchy and preferred to establish a regency. On the other hand, the most important monarchic dailies were in favor of the appointment of Don Juan de Bourbon as a King; while the 'accidentalists' placed public benefit and common good before any political system. This essay examines the most important opinion articles published in the newspapers Madrid, Pueblo, Ya and SP. It is intended to revise the way those media representing the main ideological trends dealt with the appointment. It focuses on those articles published two months before, during and one month after the designation was announced. The conclusion reached is that this event did not meet the impact to be expected from such relevant, transcendent measure.


In most patients, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis because of the presence of advanced-stage disease at the time the diagnosis is established. Surgical resection in conjunction with adjuvant chemotherapy represents the only option with curative intent; however, tumor invasiveness of surrounding tissues, including major vessels, renders most tumors not radically resectable with microscopic clearance (R0 resection). For this reason, a serum biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity for the disease would be of high value as a diagnostic screening tool in patients with early preclinical pancreatic cancer. Such a candidate molecule must allow discrimination between malignant disease and benign conditions (eg, acute or chronic pancreatitis, benign tumors) and be clinically relevant and predictive of outcomes. Furthermore, an ''ideal'' biomarker or a panel of multiple molecules must facilitate the monitoring of treatment success and/or tumor recurrence. The established serological biomarkers in clinical routine for monitoring the effectiveness of surgical tumor resection and adjuvant chemotherapy include serum carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen. Neither CA19-9 nor carcinoembryonic antigen represent sensitive diagnostic screening tools for the detection of pancreatic cancer, however. For example, CA19-9 is elevated under multiple benign conditions of the liver and pancreas (eg, cholestasis, acute/chronic pancreatitis), and both tumor markers are not specific for pancreatic cancer because of elevated serum levels in nonpancreatic malignancies such as colorectal cancer. Furthermore, patients lacking the Lewis antigen (Le), approximately 10% of the white population, do not express CA19-9 at all. The poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, attributable to the late-stage presentation, emphasizes the tremendous need for finding a clinically useful serum biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity to detect pancreatic cancer in its earliest stage. In this issue of the Southern Medical Journal, Datta and Vollmer provide an overview of selected biomarkers established in clinical use and elaborate on promising new molecules that are under investigation in clinical trials and preclinical experimental studies. This review article approaches the daunting task of scrutinizing representative biomarkers among a vast array of 92500 proposed candidate molecules of predictive/ prognostic value described in the peer-reviewed literature. At the same time, this challenge represents the main weakness of the article, because the selection of discussed biomarkers is purely anecdotal and the study design does not reflect a systematic approach to screening the pertinent literature in the field in terms of a systematic review or meta-analysis. Nevertheless, the authors must be commended for their strategic approach to stratifying candidate biomarkers into distinct categories of investigation, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Furthermore, the article details the potential application of microRNAs which have been implicated in disease initiation and progression in patients with pancreatic cancer. Datta and Volmer's is a well-written article that provides a critical analysis of the shortcomings of current testing modalities, outlines new investigational biomarkers on the horizon, and emphasizes the imperative for high-quality research and multicenter validation studies for candidate molecules of interest for the early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.


The development of DeviceNet and controlling ofvalve is investigated.An intelligent valve controller with DeviceNetinterface is designed.The system could control the valve locally,at the same time,it also could do it through communicating with DeviceNet.The function of the intelligent valve controller is analyzed simply.The hardware scheme and software idea are given.The foundation and realization of the object's model are discussed detailedly.


In observing the attentive processes by which I reached interpretations of Nathaniel Hawthorne's life and fiction, I found surprising congruence between Hawthorne's identity themes and my own. Properly tempered psychoanalytic interpretative techniques such as "evenly hovering attention" and "disciplined subjectivity" help bridge the gap between even quite different personalities.


Various optimal control problems for linear parabolic systems with multiple constant time delays are considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality are derived for the Neumann problem. The optimal control is obtained in the feedback formMaking use of the results of Schwartz's, the representation of the optimal feedback control is given. A simple example of application is also provided


This report is a short description of what FMEA is and the process of getting a vessel approved against one of the three DP-classes. The report also investigates the knowledge of FMEA and whether or not the officers onboard have been trained in, have an understanding of, and are using the FMEA-document. The statistics for the last part of this report is a product of a survey that has been sent out to active officers onboard vessels with DP-systems. The result shows clear differences depending on the different departments onboard and also the amount of experience.


Objectives: This study investigates the effects of teaching material presentation methods and young children's visual and auditory working memory capacity on their learning effectiveness. It also suggests effective instructional design and teaching-learning methods suitable for children's information processing characteristics.Methods: Participants included 86 five-year-old children enrolled in kindergartens in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Daejeon. Three categories of teaching materials with different presentation methods were created. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the category groups, and participated in learning activities. After the activities, learning effectiveness, working memory, and attention were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.Results: Results indicated that children's learning effectiveness differed according to the teaching material presentation method. Higher learning effectiveness was observed when auditory and visual information was presented concurrently rather than sequentially, but learning was not affected by the sequential order. The groups with larger auditory working memory capacity and larger visual working memory capacity achieved higher learning effectiveness than did their respective counterparts. Additionally, learning effectiveness was greater for children with larger auditory working memory capacity when presented with auditory information before visual, and for those with larger visual working memory capacity when presented with visual information before auditory.Conclusion: The study results enhance foundational knowledge related to individual differences in young children's visual and auditory information processing abilities. Moreover, this study has practical implications for developing instructional materials and proposals suitable for young children's individual information processing characteristics.


Adult males of the glassy cutworm, Crymodes devastator (Brace), were attracted to traps baited with equal-part mixtures of Z -11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate, Z -11-hexadecenal and Z -7-dodecen-1-yl acetate. Other species were not attracted to this ternary sex attractant. Electroantennogram measurements revealed strong male antennal stimulations by each of the 3 components. Attractancy in the field was completely inhibited by the incorporation of small quantities of either Z -11-hexadecen-1-ol or Z -9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate in the chemical lures.


The past decade has emerged a growing interest in the electrolysis and Hydrogen technology as a surrogate of the conventional energy sources. Many novel materials have been tested to improve the Hydrogen yield and to reach a breakthrough with them. In the present analysis the electrolysis with additional 6 MV ionizing radiation produced by a linear accelerator has been tested in order to suggest γ-radiation of radioactive waste of nuclear reactors and other sources, which is the goal of this study. For this purpose, a box consisting of laboratory glass filled with water and capacitors as electrodes has been used for the performance of the tests. The experimental tests have provided significant differences of the Hydrogen release, if the test phantom has been subjected to radiation and the comparison without it. A theoretical insight obtained by the consideration an extension of the diffusion equation by a static electric field in order to describe the transport of ions. Quantitative examinations have been made possible by Monte Carlo calculations with GEANT4, which provided good agreement with experimental data, since this code is also applicable by inclusion of external electric and magnetic fields.


Gifted Black students face many barriers to achievement and motivation, including social, cultural, and psychological constraints. This article addresses the concept of underachievement among gifted Black students by appraising definitions of "gifted" and "underachievement, " and by exploring barriers to achievement. This discussion also focuses on a study that explored how perceptions and beliefs contribute to or exacerbate underachievement among even the most capable Black learners. Finally, the authors offer recommendations for promoting contemporary and appropriate definitions and identification practices so that Black students will become fully represented in programs for the gifted.


According to the investigation on the status quo and development of water-saving irrigation in Zhangjiakou regions of Northwestern Hebei,the adaptability of drip irrigation application in this regions were analyzed,moreover,water-saving potential of drip irrigation application in this regions were calculated,finally,the existing difficulties in the promotion and application were summarized and the corresponding countermeasures were put forward.


Solar irradiation is a vast and plentiful source of energy. The use of photovoltaic (PV) devices to convert solar energy directly to electrical energy is an elegant way of sustainable power generat ...


The essays in this collection were written by an international body of scholars in memory of Professor Bimal K. Matilal. They discuss Vedanta, Nyaya, and Buddhism; thematically they deal with problems of relativism, evil, suffering, emotions, and value judgement.


Author(s): Sabbah, Faris M. | Advisor(s): Gifford, Bernard R. | Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify and design standards and procedures for creating easily interpreted accountability reports cards, consistent with the requirements spelled out in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). The use of public report cards was first raised during the debate that took place immediately prior to the passage of the first precursor to NCLB, Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA). Robert F. Kennedy, then junior Senator from New York, argued that issues of programmatic integrity, instructional coherence, school performance, learner progress, and educational accountability were too important to leave exclusively to "professional schoolmen." The first stage of the study began with a representative cross-section of parents, teachers, and school and district administrators being asked to critique current public report cards and identify design elements of an effective prototypical report card. The feedback produced during these exchanges, in conjunction with the use of a variety of empirical research findings on the design of easy-to-read / easy-to-interpret graphics-rich reports, was utilized to design a prototypical report card. Focus group participants partook in two additional cycles of critique and revision to identify effective design/data elements and to make improvements to the devised report. The resulting report card generated by this prototypical design and continuous improvement process is presented, and commented upon. These comments suggest that the art and craft of designing easily interpreted public report cards continues to be a major challenge.


The Connect card may be seen as a transitional stage towards EFTPoS, about which there has been a great deal of controversy over the past few years. The current situation is that, with the aim of setting standards for a national system, a development scheme currently under way will see a small inaugural service involving 2,000 terminals in three UK locations during 1988. These will be at Southampton, Leeds and Edinburgh.


KSLV(Korea Space Launch Vehicle)-I is designed as a launch vehicle to enter a 100㎏-class satellite to the LEO(Low-Earth Orbit). Attitude angles of the upper-stage, including roll, pitch and yaw are controlled by cold gas thruster system using nitrogen gas. To verify the flow rate of the gas charging system and to prepare a nitrogen gas charging scenario, the development of a gas charging simulator for RCS(Reaction Control System) is required. This paper describes the orifice design, development, and test of the gas charging simulator for RCS of KSLV-I.


The information security of wireless sensor networks is one of hot issues on the current research; this paper combines threshold key scheme with the management of security key sharing and group agreement and proposes dynamic key management scheme through clustering level key matrix of authentication mechanism from the cluster to node. The network is divided into different clusters, and the cluster head conducts the key authentication exchange and updates the key management with threshold key schemes, with no need of third authentication center, reduces the computing and communication costs, and promotes communication.


La broadline NMR and HRTEM is used in order to unveil the interplay between local Jahn-Teller (JT) lattice distortions and the magnetic structure in the La1-xCaxMnO3 family of manganites. By increasing x, i.e. diluting the JT active Mn 3+ ions, a variety of novel phases is observed, with most spectacular the low T solitonic (stripe) spin arrangement for x≥0.5.


This paper examines the effects of failure modes on the static strength and total energy absorption of aluminum spot-welded samples using experimental, statistical, and analytical approaches. The main failure modes for aluminum spot welds are nugget pullout and interfacial fracture. Two populations of aluminum spot welds were studied. Within each population, coupon configurations of lap shear, cross tension and coach peel were considered. Thirty replicate static strength tests were performed for each coupon configuration. The resulted peak load and energy absorption level associated with each failure mode was studied using statistical models. Next, an analytical model was developed to determine the failure mode of an aluminum resistance spot weld based on stress analysis. It is found that weld size, sheet thickness, and level of weld porosity and defects are the main factors determining the cross tension failure mode for an aluminum spot weld. The peak load and energy absorption levels for the cross tension and coach peel samples tested are found not to be very sensitive to the failure modes under static loading.


The field experiment was conducted to access the effect of different fertilizer levels on yield, nutrient content and uptake of seed and straw under middle Gujarat condition during rabi season of 2013-14 at Anand. There are total with three nitrogen levels (15, 30, and 45 kg N ha-1), three levels of phosphorus (0, 15 and 30 kg P2O5 ha -1) and two levels of potassium (0 and 30 kg K2O ha -1) with four replication. The result revealed that successive increasing of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels significantly affect the nutrient content and uptake by seed and straw as well as seed and straw yields of isabgol. Application of 45 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg P2O5 ha -1 gives significantly highest N, P and K uptake and content as well as yields of seed and straw of isabgol. Response of potassium was found to be non-significant in case of nutrient content, uptake and yield of isabgol.


The following is a discussion between two distinguished comparative literature scholars, David Damrosch and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. This is a transcription of their dialogue, delivered orally before a large audience at the 2011 American Comparative Literature Conference in Vancouver, Canada, on 2 April. It has been lightly edited to remove the natural redundancy inherent to oral communication, to eliminate asides regarding technical aspects of the presentation, and to fill in gaps in the recording process, which left inaudible portions. They were introduced by then-president of the ACLA, Haun Saussy. (Biographical data on Damrosch and Spivak can be found in the "Contributors" section at the end of this journal.)


L~oYd-Jonesl of Bristol, that about half the DDT applied to field crops may enter the atmosphere by evaporation; ,presumably this returns to earth in the rain. Faced by these alarming facts and figures, some countries (e.g., Sweden) have banned the use of DDT altogether, while in others it has been severely restricted. However, some have criticized this reaction as excessive. They point out that Sweden is in a privileged position, having no tropical diseases problem. The two sides of the question are objectively: set out in a recent Press release by the World Health Organization,' which has had the situation under continuous review since 1951. This emphasizes the enormous importance of the part DDT has played in helping to free large areas from the shadow of malaria, and its continuing importance for the future of the eradication campaign. However, its IIIPPUcation for health purposes should be mainly confined to indoor uses-residual spraying against malaria mosquitoes', dusting against plague fleas; and dusting powders against typhus lice-and these add little to the pollution of the general environment. It is recommended that DDT should not be applied to water surfaces, or used in broadcast aerial application, and that sopecial care should be taken when spraying houses built on stilts over water.


The book offers a hypothetical answer to the following questions: What is intelligent behaviour? What is information? What are the mental states? How do they occur? How do we cause our actions by our thoughts? The reply is based on the conjecture of what the author calls an 'informational collapse'. The informational collapse should be considered in analogy to the gravitational one. – The super-critical concentration of information should lead to an informational collapse – a condition in which information changes its physical condition – from structural order, it becomes the singularity of an informational 'black hole'. This singularity continues to 'absorb' or rather to produce information. The book also considers the semiotic approach to the study of intelligence. Special attention is paid to the issue of the missing link between natural causality and intelligent behaviour, to which it offers a particular reply. The work is of specific interest to the general interdisciplinary philosophical, scientific, engineering and technological community dedicated to or tempted by the theme of information and consciousness.


This paper is an analysis of perception in which a comparative study of the main socio-economic variables such as income, labor, expenses, sales price of cocoa, participation MNI time, quantity produced is done is done Cocoa two groups of cocoa farmers Canton Simon Bolivar Guayas province. This analysis shows took place between two populations of similar productive characteristics but with different marketing arrangements: a group involved in the MNI and the other group; so that a rigorous study of the participant population MNI was performed to demonstrate the economic growth of producers' income -midiendo themselves-and cacao production increased for four years in office, from 2009 to 2013. Was it necessary to an uprising oriented surveys and gather reliable information MNIcompany-sponsored Maquita Cushunchic (MCCH) and having as regulator of this agreement the National Fisheries Department Rural Inclusive Business Program PRONERI the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and interviews of Ecuador. The paper presents the results obtained from different tests of hypotheses of the two groups studied.


The temperature dependence of the terahertz (THz) output power and spectra from biased photoconductive switches was measured for several antenna gap widths and applied biases. The spectrally integrated THz output had a nonmonotonic temperature dependence in all cases with the value increasing by a factor of 3 from room temperature to 150 K for low biases and 100 K at high biases. An abrupt decrease in output power occurs below 90 K, and the spectrum shifts to lower frequencies as the temperature is lowered.


The transition from telophase to the G I period of interphase includes the process of nucleolar reorganization in each of the daughter nuclei, and it has been demonstrated by the classic studies of Heitz (13) and McClintock (17) that only specific regions of particular chromosomes in each karyotype are involved in the formation of new nucleoli . On the other hand, a number of studies revealed the appearance in telophase of material among the chromosomes whose role in the reorganization of the nucleolus is controversial (27, 5, 20) . Biochemical studies carried out on cells in transition from telophase to GI have shown that protein and RNA syntheses, which are only slight in the middle stages of mitosis, are rapidly intensified towards the end of telophase, precisely during the period of nucleolar reorganization (2-4, 21) . In line with this finding, it is thought that mitosis plays a role in realigning the transcriptional pattern of the cell cycle . It was therefore considered that it would be of interest to study nucleolar reorganization under inhibition of either protein or RNA synthesis in order to determine the processes on which nucleologenesis depends . This was accomplished in Allium, where the whole set of ribosomal cistrons are clustered in the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) of one pair of homologous chromosomes, and these give rise to just one pair of nucleoli in the interphasic nuclei . Recent reports on nucleologenesis (25, 19) were done on different cells where this pattern of nucleolar formation is not followed at all. Unfortu-


On the skin below the left angle of the mouth is a raised, moderately;firm, smooth, pink papule, whose surface texture is finely granular, different from that of normal kin. This is the first lesion seen in cases in which destructive carcin6matous ulcers due to X-rays develop rapidly. I put this case on record because it is the youngest case of X-ray carcinoma cutis that I have bitherto seen, and because the knowledge of this late X-ray effect is not yet fullyappreciated beyond the circle of professional dermatologists. Dr. MAcLEOD (President) said that this case illustrated the great danger of attempting to eradicate lupus by. X-rays. The impossibility of doing so without replacing the tuberculosis by X-ray derma-titis had often been forcibly pointed out, and could not be sufficiently stressed.