Knowledge Management is a systematic business optimization strategy that selects, distills, stores, organizes and communicates information essential to the business of a company in a manner that improves employee performance and corporate competitiveness. In today's business operations attention has been drawn away from products and services and shifted towards the resources needed for their production. It should be pointed out that knowledge belongs to the category of resources. The growth of multinational companies in our country and the assurance of their competitiveness both locally and internationally drew attention to knowledge management as one of the questions essential for their survival and development. This paper will focus on the theoretical justification for the introduction of the above-mentioned system into a large corporation such as Energoprojekt Holding.


. Thecomplexrelationshipbetweentradeandpoliticshasalwaysexisted in different stages of the development of international trade. With the increasing economic strength of various countries, bilateral political frictions have become increasingly frequent, bringing great challenges to the import and export trade of various countries. In order to promote the further development of international trade of various countries, the influence of diplomatic political relations on international trade from the perspective of cultural distance is carried out. The results show that the scale of international trade is inhibited with increasing of diplomatic politicalrelations,andculturaldistancehasasignificantnegativemoderatingeffect onthetradeeffectofdiplomaticpoliticalrelations.Therefore,underthedevel-opmentenvironmentofculturalinstitutionaldistance,agooddiplomaticpolitical distanceisastrongsupportfortheinternationaltradedevelopmentofacountry.


[2032-04-4] C3H4N2 (MW 68.08)

InChI = 1S/C3H4N2/c1-2-3-5-4/h2-3H,1H2

InChIKey = AJYIGJXFGZQYHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(reagent for the cyclopropanation of alkenes)

Alternate Name: vinyldiazomethane.

Solubility: vinyldiazomethane is most commonly prepared and used as a solution in ether or THF, or as an alcoholic solution in either of those solvents.

Analysis of Reagent Purity: the amount of active diazo compound contained in a solution has been determined by measuring the volume of nitrogen evolved upon reaction of an aliquot of the diazo compound with an excess of p-nitrobenzoic acid in THF.3

Preparative Methods: the reagent is most commonly prepared by the action of base on various N-allyl-N-nitroso derivatives. Thus ethyl-N-allyl-N-nitrosocarbamate has been used,1 as has N-allyl-N-nitrosourea.2 The reagent is light sensitive and should therefore be shielded from light during its preparation. It undergoes isomerization to pyrazole at rt1c and is therefore prepared immediately prior to use, and not usually stored for any length of time. Furthermore, it is potentially explosive and for this reason the chemist is advised to follow carefully the exact procedure given for a particular preparation and perform all operations behind a blast shield in a well ventilated fume hood.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: in addition to the previously mentioned explosion hazard which this reagent presents, there are health related hazards that must also be considered. Diazo compounds, as a class, are toxic and irritating and can be sensitizers. They must be used in a well ventilated fume hood and not come in contact with skin. For a description of the hazards associated with this class of compounds, see the handling and storage precautions listed for Diazomethane.


Mg-MOF-74 crystals were successfully prepared in 1 h by a sonochemical method (Mg-MOF-74(S)) after triethylamine (TEA) was added as a deprotonating agent. Mg-MOF-74(S) (1640 m2 g−1 BET surface area) displayed similar textural properties to those of a high-quality MOF sample synthesized in 24 h by the solvothermal method (Mg-MOF-74(C), 1525 m2 g−1). However, mesopores were formed, probably due to the competitive binding of TEA to Mg2+ ions, and the average particle size of the former (ca. 0.6 μm) was significantly smaller than that of the latter (ca. 14 μm). The H2O adsorption capacity was 593 mL g−1 at 298 K for Mg-MOF-74(S), displaying higher hydrophilicity than Zeolite 13X. The adsorption isotherms of Mg-MOF-74(S) for CO2 showed high adsorption capacity (350 mg g−1 at 298 K) and high isosteric heats of adsorption for CO2 (42 to 22 kJ mol−1). The breakthrough experiment confirmed excellent selectivity to CO2 over N2 at ambient conditions (saturation capacity of ca. 179 mg g−1). Ten consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles at 298 K established no deterioration of the adsorption capacity, which showed reversible adsorbent regeneration at 323 K under helium flow for a total duration of 1400 min. Mg-MOF-74(S) also demonstrated excellent catalytic performance in cycloaddition of CO2 to styrene oxide under relatively mild reaction conditions (2.0 MPa, 373 K) with close to 100% selectivity to carbonate, which was confirmed by GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and FT-IR. Mg-MOF-74(S) could be reused 3 times without losing catalytic activity and with no structural deterioration.


In a globalized product design market, firms take national identity into consideration to survive among the competitors, because a particular identifying feature can be the decision making factor for customers to buy a particular product. In such a situation, you may realize something as "Japanese-like" or "Finnish-like" in designs as you hold the product in your hand. But why do you think like that? The aim of this study is to clarify the factors that characterize these ideas, in terms of furniture design, with a focus on industrial development and the cultural contexts of Japan and Finland. The study is twofold, with a theoretical framework and an empirical framework. The theoretical analysis works with cultural industrial context and also argues that the transition of industrial development significantly affects national product design orientation and helps characterize products. The empirical analysis works with questionnaires concerning product image. The results conceptualize cultural references in both Japanese and Finnish furniture design. However, the results also present the realistic difficulty of recognizing products. The paper concludes by arguing that factors affecting customer's decision making are also influenced by not only product design but the socio-culture they belong to. Therefore, measuring product image is not the only way to define national product identity, and the image is formed by both customers and product design factors.


This article explores the more critical 'discontents' of capitalism and global neoliberalism (Stiglitz, 2002) by highlighting the ecological damages, natural disasters and social problems that have ...


China English refers to the English expressions with Chinese characteristics. It is acceptable for the people in the English-speaking countries as it can meet the requirement of English development and the need of cross-cultural communication between China and the English-speaking countries. It is of significance for the dissemination of the Chinese culture into the English world. Both contemporary western and Chinese translators of Liaozhaizhiyi take advantage of China English to spread the real Chinese culture into the English world.


authors of these volumes insist that the study of Palestinian Arab history necessarily expresses several clear and distinct political truths. According to Frangi, Zionist and Israeli ruthlessness and violence, often supported and justified by Western powers, denied Palestinian Arabs their legitimate national rights. Out of desperation and collective instincts for national survival, the PLO was established and forged to resist further oppression and press for a democratic secular state in Palestine. Regina Sharif reads Zionist history in order to advance the same point of view. She focuses on non-Jewish Zionism in order, in her words, "to rewrite the history of Zionism from a less ethnocentric standpoint. Consequently, the intrinsic character of present day Zionism, as practiced by the state of Israel, will be made visible as one face of Western imperialism" (and, we might add, by implication, invalid). Jan Metzger, Martin Orth, and Christina Sterzing detail the daily struggles and hardships involved in living with the Israeli occupation of the West Bank. The authors conclude that the human suffering experienced by Palestinian Arabs justifies "the establishment of a Palestinian state alongside Israel . . . as a possible political compromise."


The amount of zinc and-ferrum in enanmel was determined by flame AAS. For twenty six healthy men, the average of zinc and ferrum were 325.6 +/- 84.8 and 34.7 +/- 9.1 microg/g, respectively. For fifty four patients with dental caries disease, the average of zinc and ferrum were 269.9 +/- 63.5 and 38.7 +/- 10.0 microg/g, respectively. The difference between healthy men and patients of zinc and ferrum rate was insignificant. As to the determination method, the rate of recovery varied from 97.0 to 101.5% for zinc and from 97.2 to 102.4% for ferrum. The RSDs fo Zn and Fe are less than 2.60 and 2.10% respectively.


I /-IS I senu this message to our untortunate, Out lust at the time our I soutnern liaptist Irienas in America, scnooi was started, the tIe pression I tne reeling wiucfl weius up in my neart began, botfl in Japan and America. I is one or nearty ana sincere gratitude. Inc SchOOl expertenceci very keenly I Only recently, toe eaitor 01 OflC or tfle growing pains that a child must I our non*nristian magazines wrote reel as it develops into young manhood. I concerning our sCiiooi: ー vv nen two its growth had to Dc very gradual, and I or three smaii D uiiaings were oeing in some respects this was a blessing. iercctedi on tne nihI toti lust above toe Yet, on some shoulders tell rreat I itozu car-stop some years ago, we strain and anxiety, and to them it was I iaugtiea saving, i-tow can mnat scnooi a bitter cup. Under the heavy load. I nope to get any smuaents! w ny, mere air. Kowe died. ann Mrs. Kowe and I iSn't even a goon roan leading up to it z airs. bouldin broke down, air. Dozier. Ib ut ho I I nat scnooi is now one or tne also, though he was not directly conI nnest ann most outstanaing in inc nected with the school. Jay down his IWhOle North ityusnu uistrict;" lime while servingiwith us. Ilowever I We too. telt that this statement was through aLt tttesG,,,i'ying times SouI almost correct. We remember well inern baptist trienus lfl America nave Iwith what dulflcultv we ascended the StOOd ov us antI have done tncir very narrow path, pushing the tall grass oest. aside as we made our way to the top Within the past year, you friends of the hill. When we compare the kindly sent us vouj representatives. present campus witn our rormer one, ann they Contorted and inspired us we are remindea or isaianIs woras, immensely. Ihey were Dr. and Mrs. "The wilderness and the solitary place Dodd, Dr. and Mrs. Maddry, Dr. and shall be glad for them; and the desert Mrs. Weatherspoon, and Dr. Rankin. shall rejoice and blossom as the rose." They taught and encouraged us, sayIt is no longer the solitary place that ing that the Church of Christ was it was thirteen years ago. Truly, not born in tribulation, was purified by only flowers, trees, good roads, and tribulation, and got victory over the nice buildings have made it a place of world through tribulation. I thank beauty, but hundreds of girls from you for the expression of brotherly non-Christian homes have blossomed love in Christ that we received from into beautiful Christian womanhood. you, through these your messengers. I believe that this great change was Drs. Maddry and Weatherspoon brought about by the sacrificial efforts were nere wnen we orince inc grouna ot' our founder. Mr. I. H. Rowe and ror inc Iowe Memorial Auditorium his associates. Mrs. Rowe. and Miss ih january. i nat ouiiaing nas oeen Lancaster and others. When I recall completed ann very recentiy we aetheir Consecration to the cause of dicated it to the Lord's use. It stands Christ and their faithfulness in reoverlooking the five large cities that presenting the constituency by whom surround our school, for it stands on they were sent. I feel that I want to toe nignest point on toe campus. NOt express my thanks to you as Southern on'y is mis cnapei toe oest cunning Baptists for sending them to us. I do on our campus, DUI I tflinK tnat it is not know whether it was fortunate or (Continued on page 3, col. 6)


Italy is the home of vocal music, and the phonetics of Italian has its own characteristics.The Italian phonetics has a close connection with the practice of pronunciation and vocalism and singing technique.To study the regular pattern of Italian phonetics together with the teaching system of singing practice,and then borrow and draw some useful elements from the scientific method of bel canto would be significant for raising the level of the national vocal music of China.


Airborne laser radar technology is one of the modern earth observation technologies,which can get three-dimensional coordinates of the object surface points directly.It can quickly obtain accurate three-dimensional coordinates of the ground,and the formation of high-precision ground-elevation model.Due to the geographical peculiarities of the sea islands and reefs,it is much difficult to use the traditional means of surveying and mapping operations.Compared with traditional photogrammetric techniques,the tremendous value of the proposed laser radar system is found in the surveying and mapping for sea reefs.The laser radar system is also a good platform of work process design and data processing.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the proliferation and apoptosis of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) keratinocytes in vitro.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Keratinocytes isolated from the epithelial lining of the OKC were cultured in keratinocyte serum-free medium and identified by CK10, CK14, pan-cytokeratin and vimentin immunofluorescence staining. The cells were exposed to EGCG at different concentrations, and proliferation inhibition was measured by cell counting kit 8 assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry, and expression of the WNT signalling pathway-related proteins FZD3 and JNK3 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were used as the control.

RESULTS
The OKC keratinocytes were successfully cultured. The primary cells were tile-like and expressed the epithelial biomarkers CK10, CK14 and pan-cytokeratin. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, arrested cell cycle in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis of OKC keratinocytes. FZD3 and JNK3 were overexpressed in OKC keratinocytes compared with HOKs and were downregulated by epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment.

CONCLUSION
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in OKC keratinocytes, possibly by suppressing the WNT/JNK signalling pathway. It may thus be potentially used for OKC treatment.


as the biodegredation intermediates,APEOn(n=1,2),APEnC(n=1,2)and AP are more difficutit tobe biodegnaded than that of APEOs.AP and APnEO are predominatly adsorbed on the sludge,while APnEC are discharged into the aquatic environment.The concentrations of APEOs in reverwater are far below to the minimum of acute toxicity.The reseaches showed that some alkylphenol compounds have estrogenic activity.


The basic characteristics of earthquake rupture of intraplate reverse fault and sign of its segmentation have been discussed in detail based on the type and size of surface rupture,tectonic environment, geometric form,kinematics character,as well as the aftershock distribution patterns for 16 intraplate earthquakes produced by reverse fault in the world wide.The result shows that earthquake ruptures of reverse fault are different from that of strike slip fault and normal fault.The rupture size along the strike for reverse fault is much more short,and the rupture pattern often has a two dimensional plane distribution.The seismic fault does not show on the ground or only part of seismic fault shows on the ground.The earthquake ruptures of reverse fault are still complexer than that of the strike slip fault and normal fault in the mechanics character of an individual fracture and the geometric structure.


Chemical cross-linking of protein crystals form an insoluble and active protein matrix. Cross-linked protein crystals (CLPCs) have many excellent properties including high volumetric activity and stability. In this thesis CLPC technology was studied in bioseparation and biocatalytic applications. A novel immunoaffinity separation material, cross-linked antibody crystals (CLAC), was developed in this thesis for enantiospecific separation of a chiral drug, finrozole. Previously, the preparation of an antibody Fab fragment ENA5His capable of enantiospecific affinity separation of the chiral drug has been described. However, in a carrier-immobilized form ENA5His suffered from poor stability in the presence of a high concentration of organic solvents needed to release the bound drug. In this study crystallization conditions for ENA5His were found by means of small-scale vapor diffusion experiments. Crystallization was further scaled up to 10 ml batch crystallization with a 70% protein yield. Glutaraldehyde cross-linking modified the ENA5His crystals into an insoluble form producing a CLAC matrix. The CLAC matrix packed in a column separated pure enantiomers from the racemic mixture of the drug. The CLAC matrix was totally stable at the elution conditions enabling reuse of the immunoaffinity column. However, the specific drug enantiomer binding capacity of CLAC was only 50% of the corresponding capacity of carrier-immobilized ENA5His. Also a cross-linked carrierimmobilized ENA5His column was prepared to study the effect of bare chemical crosslinking. Surprisingly, the cross-linked immobilized ENA5His was as active as the native immobilized ENA5His and simultaneously stable against the denaturing effect of methanol. Xylose isomerase (XI) is a widely used enzyme in industry as a result of its ability to catalyze isomerization of D-glucose to D-fructose. Previously it has been shown that XI accepts all of the pentose sugars and many hexose sugars as isomerization substrates. In the present study novel tetrose isomerizations and C-2 epimerizations with both the Dand L-forms of the sugars by an industrial xylose isomerase (XI) from Streptomyces rubiginosus were described. Furthermore, the results showed that the real equilibrium of XI catalyzed reactions is not between two isomers but between a ketose and its two aldose isomers. These findings together with previous results show that XI can be used as a catalyst for production of a variety of sugars. Obtaining homogeneous enzyme crystals is critical to their application as catalysts in a cross-linked form. In this study a method for the production of homogeneous crystals of XI was developed. Firstly, the XI crystal solubility was measured with respect to precipitant salt concentration, temperature, and pH. Secondly, based on the results of the solubility study, a process for the production of uniform XI crystals of different size classes was developed. Crystals with average crystal sizes between 12 μm and 360 μm were produced. XI crystals were further cross-linked by glutaraldehyde and L-lysine to prepare insoluble cross-linked xylose isomerase crystals (CLXIC).


Vascular endothelial growth factor D (354 aa, ~40 kDa) is encoded by the human VEGFD gene. This protein plays a role in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, and also has effects on the permeability of blood vessels.


A method for detecting the installation position of the crankshaft, comprising the steps of: setting temporary data as a reference relative to the crankshaft bearing mounting height of the reference bearing mounting height remaining, based on the temporary installation height is calculated by the transfer matrix method each crank arm the difference in the crankshaft, a difference evaluation value is calculated based on the difference of the calculated difference between the measured actual measured value and allow the evaluation value, when the evaluation value exceeds the permissible value of the genetic algorithm with a new temporary installation height prepare binary, and the evaluation value is recalculated new temporary installation height, and the same procedure is repeated until the evaluation value falls within the allowable value so far.


Dear Editors,
I read your editorials with interest [1,2]. Artificial intelligence has become increasingly popular in recent years. Moreover, it is seen that valuable comments made on the article focus on issues such as potential harms in the academic use of artificial intelligence, publication ethics, and the ontological position of artificial intelligence [3-6].
As with other technological developments in our life, artificial intelligence seems to be increasingly present in our lives [7]. The use of artificial intelligence in article writing is a current topic of discussion. Writing an article from scratch with artificial intelligence doesn't seem quite right. The fact that artificial intelligence doesn't have an entirely independent thought structure, and that it obtains its information only based on the web, could lead to plagiarism. Also, it will not be fully understood whether it provides correct references and whether it violates the privacy of personal data. Furthermore, we do not find it correct to accept it as a co-author. Authorship carries a responsibility that an AI tool, no matter how advanced, cannot bear. Conversely, artificial intelligence will be incapable of assuming responsibility. So, should we stay away from artificial intelligence in this case? We believe the answer to this question is no. We can use artificial intelligence while writing an article, and it can facilitate our work. Finding a title after writing the article is an important issue. It must be impressive, and some journals have a character or word limit for the title. Artificial intelligence can help us in finding a title. Artificial intelligence can also assist in creating an abstract. Each journal has different rules about the abstract section. When rejected from one journal, it's necessary to create a new abstract for another journal. Artificial intelligence can speed up this process. When the article is ready, it needs to be checked for grammar and spelling rules. Artificial intelligence will be very useful in this situation. Preparing a good cover letter is important to attract the editor's attention. Artificial intelligence will assist in writing the cover letter. Although we think that artificial intelligence cannot be a co-author and cannot be used to write an article from scratch, we believe that we can benefit from artificial intelligence while writing our article. Using artificial intelligence will save us time. It will also help us write higher quality articles.
In conclusion, artificial intelligence is now a part of our lives. Instead of avoiding it, we believe that we need to take advantage of artificial intelligence in a way that will facilitate our work.
Sincerely yours,


To elucidate the role of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) in sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 1 (SGLT1)‐mediated small intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) glucose absorption and its functional implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).


The Raman spectra of p‐benzoquinone, quinone‐d4, quinone‐18O2, quinone‐d4‐18O2, and quinone‐2,5‐d2, excited by the helium radiation 5875.6 A, are reported, together with semiquantitative measurements of the intensities and qualitative observations on the state of polarization of the Raman shifts. The results are fully consistent with the D2h symmetry of the four molecular species mentioned first, the last one belonging to the point group C2h. A tentative assignment for all Raman‐active fundamental vibrational modes of the investigated compounds is given.


This paper presents a reliability-based shape optimization (RBSO) using the evolutionary structural optimization (ESO). An actual design involves uncertain conditions such as material property, operational load, poisson's ratio and dimensional variation. The deterministic optimization (DO) is obtained without considering of uncertainties related to the uncertainty parameters. However, the RBSO can consider the uncertainty variables because it has the probabilistic constraints. In order to determine whether the probabilistic constraint is satisfied or not, simulation techniques and approximation methods are developed. In this paper, the reliability-based shape design optimization method is proposed by utilization the reliability index approach (RIA), performance measure approach (PMA), single-loop single-vector (SLSV), adaptive-loop (ADL) are adopted to evaluate the probabilistic constraint. In order to apply the ESO method to the RBSO, a sensitivity number is defined as the change of strain energy in the displacement constraint. Numerical examples are presented to compare the DO with the RBSO. The results of design example show that the RBSO model is more reliable than deterministic optimization.


Oil and natural gas were dominant fuels of the 20th Century. In spite of the non-renewable character of their reserves as permanent efforts in searching for new sources, most probably these fuels will not be bypassed in the century which has just started. In INA Naftaplin Upstream, the sole concessionaire for exploration and production of hydrocarbons in Croatia a plan of the future activities has been prepared based on positive world experience and application of the most up-to-date technological achievements. To realize that plan it is necessary to assure all prerequisites starting from financial means for future development, market conditions, legislative regulations, and finally definition of the national energy strategy.


Summary from only given. We report on further progress in developing a Ti:sapphire high contrast laser, namely reaching a 10 TW milestone. Large output energy of the regenerative amplifier allows us to do this by amplifying the regenerative amplifier output pulse in a single 4-pass amplifier.


Left ventricular volumes were measured at rest and during electrically stimulated muscular exercise in 28 anesthetized dogs. Volumes were calculated from images obtained during biplane cineangiofluorography. Under control resting conditions from 30 to 55% of the diastolic volume of the left ventricle remained after ejection. This residual volume of blood became an immediate source of the increased ventricular output during the beginning of exercise. Following vagectomy, sympathectomy, and total cardiac denervation, the ability to increase cardiac output during exercise persisted, but was accomplished by increased ventricular filling rather than by diminution of the residual volume.


During run-up as an induction motor, the torque produced by a synchronous machine has oscillating components in addition to the natural frequencies of torsional oscillation of the complete drive system so that the shaft torque may differ substantially from the motor electromagnetic torque. The latter can be divided into four components: 1) a unidirectional or accelerating component, 2) an oscillating component due to magnetic saliency and nonuniform rotor windings, 3) oscillating components due to higher harmonics of air gap permeance and winding magnetomotive force, and 4) components caused by switching the supply. In addition, slot effects and magnetic saturation may also lead to oscillating torque components. The factors affecting the magnitude and frequency of these components are discussed and related to recordings of actual shaft torque.


One of the most influential books that has been published in recent years is the MIT study The Machine that Changed the World by Womack, Jones and Roos (1990). The book combines detailed empirical comparisons with bold and sweeping assertions. The Japanese management system or `lean production', Womack et al. argue, is not only the world's most efficient system for manufacturing cars. It is the one best way of organizing all kinds of industrial production, featuring both dramatic increases in productivity and qualitative improvements in working conditions. According to the MIT team it is predestined to become the standard global production system of the twenty-first century, and they contend: `Lean production is a superior way for humans to make things. It provides better products in wider variety at lower cost. Equally important, it provides more challenging and fulfilling work for employees at every level, from the factory to the headquarters. It follows that the whole world should adopt lean production, and as quickly as possible' (Womack et al., 1990: 225). The purpose of this article is to challenge this view of lean production as an omnipotent system and unequivocal blessing. Starting with a discussion of the industrial limits of lean production, I then turn to the success story of the 1980s - the dramatic expansion of Japanese auto transplants in North America. The social preconditions for this process, largely overlooked in the MIT study, are emphasized, before proceeding to an analysis of the highly ambiguous working conditions at these new plants. The transplants have attracted many American workers, but the relentless production regime has caused growing disillusionment among employees and increasing resistance from union locals, which was demonstrated by the five week strike at CAMI in September-October 1992. Finally, I discuss current developments inside Japan, where automakers face a severe recruitment crisis. In Japan, both unions and environmentalists criticize the JIT-system heralded in the MIT study, and car manufacturers have started to design plants according to new principles. For many reasons lean production will not be the end of history!


with 1.0% w/v of tricalcium phosphate at 37°C for 3-5 d. One hundred and fifty five fungal isolates produced high ratios of clear zone to colony on Pikovskaya agar supplemented with 0.003% w/v of rose bengal at 37°C for 7 d. The ratios were calculated by dividing the area of the clear zone by the area of the colony. Secondary screening was performed by measuring the available phosphate in liquid medium from the 62 fungal strains by CRD and DMRT at 5% probability. Two fungal strains, A. niger SA07P3332 and A. japonicus SA22P3406, were selected as most suitable for solubilizing tricalcium phosphate and producing the highest available phosphate levels of 3.01 and 2.99 mg P2O5 ml -1 , respectively. A. japonicus SA22P3406 was cultivated in 5.0 g rice bran to study the optimal conditions using response surface methodology with a central composite design. The optimum conditions of pH, temperature and RWB were 7.37, 36.0°C and 82.10% v/w of dry rice bran, respectively. These conditions were used in the solid-state cultivation and a sporulation curve was determined. The fungal sporulation had a lower than average decadic logarithm of practical quantitative sporulation of 8.46 compared with the estimated quantitative sporulation of 8.53 at the 5th day of incubation.


Direct lattice imaging techniques are used to study the syntaxy between β and β″ structures in aluminum/sodium oxide and gallium/sodium oxide. An imaging code for the β and β″ type compounds enables direct recognition, from the transmission electron micrographs, of the variations of stacking sequences between the two phases. The syntaxial plane which is obersevd is of {00l} type.

Les techniques de visualisation de reseau sont appliquees a l'etude de la syntaxie entre les structures de type β et β″ dans les aluminates et gallates de sodium. Elles permettent une observation directe, a partir de micrographies electroniques par transmission, des variations de sequences d'empilement entre les composes de type β et β″. Le plan de syntaxie observe est du type {00l}.


We present a numerical method of investigating the infrared structure of Pade{prime}-approximant QCD. The investigation shows a triple couplant multiplicity structure (a{sub 1},a{sub 2},a{sub 3}) present in all flavor states 0{le}N{sub f}{le}16, as well as two couplant bifurcation points at two critical momenta Q{sub min} and Q{sub max}. The nature and interpretation of these structures is discussed and related to some earlier findings by other methods.


Modern society, increasingly concerned about all the environmental impacts related to the production and use of petroleum-derived fuels, has sought alternative solutions to mitigate these impacts. From this context, ethanol produced from plants such as sugarcane is an important alternative to petroleum-derived fuels and research on production improvement, quality control and other related topics are common in the literature. This work proposes a device based on D-shaped plastic optical fiber to measure the water content mixed into ethanol. This measure is an important quality parameter to guide production and a common way to evaluate any possible adulteration.


We present a case report of severe localized infection after continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block. The report highlights the importance of meticulous asepsis and possibly limiting the duration of catheter use.


This work was carried out in Mossoro, RN, Brazil, with the objective of identifying soil and fertirrigation variables influencing melon yield and quality. Variables determinated were: yield (export and marketable type); quality (total soluble solids content and pulp firmness); fertirrigation (emitter discharge rate, elevation, distance to water inlet and fertilizer amount); soil chemical properties (pH, organic matter, Ca, Mg, K, Na, potential acidity, P, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) and physical properties (contents of clay, sand and silt, soil density and soil moisture). Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. Fertirrigation and variables related to a higher water availability improved melon yield and decreased quality. A higher availability of P increased melon yield, while higher soil pH improved fruit quality. Levels of micronutrients Fe and Mn were harmful to the crop, however higher contents of Cu increased export type yield and total soluble solids content.


As the eastern region of Shanxi province,Qindong region is one of the birthplaces of Chinese culture with rich tourism resource.However,the advantage of these resources don't bring into play,have single structure of tourism,lower development level,weak base etc.To improve rural tourism of this region based on policy instrument,we can open rural tourism and cultivate new growth point of economic development,promote the economic progress of Qindong region.


Background: One of the most important things in health is the level of fitness. Fitness is assessed by VO2 Max. The higher VO2 Max, the higher the body resistance when exercising, which means that someone who has a high VO2 Max level will not get tired quickly after doing various activities. Efforts to maintain and improve body fitness, namely with Zumba exercise.
Objective: To determine the effect of Zumba gymnastics on increasing VO2 Max in physiotherapy students at Muhammadiyah University Surakarta.
Research Method: This type of research is Quasi Experimental with research design in the form of Two Group Design Pretest-Posttest. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sample technique. The number of samples is 28 people.
Research Results: Paired t test test results obtained the VO2 Max value of the treatment group and control p-value (0.0001). and the results of the Independent sample t test obtained the value of VO2 Max treatment group and control p-value (0.0001).
Conclusion: There is a difference in the effect of giving Zumba exercise 3x for 6 weeks a week and Zumba exercises for 3x a week for 1 week to increase VO2 Max.


The main objective of the study was to determine the Market Risk Hedging strategy and financial performance of listed banks at Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE). Contingency theory and Agency theory were used to expound on the effect of market risk hedging strategy and financial performance. Longitudinal cross sectional survey research design was adopted. The study's target population includes all the 28 listed banks at Nigeria stock exchange. Data was collected from 2009 to 2018 for 20 listed banks in Nigeria. The secondary data sources for the period of between 2009 and 2018 were collected from Nigeria Stock Exchange and annual reports and accounts of the listed banks. The data was collected from audited financial statements of listed banks and other relevant internal report. Data collected was subjected to diagnosis tests of normality, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, linearity, homoscedasticity, stationarity, fixed and random effects. Correlation analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression analysis model was used to establish the relationship and significance between the study variables. The formulated hypotheses were tested. STATA statistical software version 10 was used for data analyses. The study found out that there are positive relationship between market risk hedging strategy and price earnings ratio which is the measure of financial performance of the listed banks at NSE. Based on the findings, the study concluded that Market Risk Hedging Strategies have a significant effect on financial performance of listed banks at NSE. The study recommends that there is need for the listed banks to effectively manage their risk as it was found that risk management positively influence financial performance of listed banks. The study further recommends that there is need for the management of listed banks to constantly check their banks' exposure to credit risk, insolvency risk, and interest rate sensitivity. Keywords: Market Risk Hedging, Financial Performance. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-15-11 Publication date: May 31 st 2020


Locking is used widely for concurrency control in database systems, and locking methods are categorized as static locking or dynamic locking. For distributed database systems, this paper proposes a new deadlock prevention method for static locking and a new deadlock avoidance method for dynamic locking. The common advantages of these methods are as follows: (1) system performance is improved by using time stamps; (2) since transactions are executed without explicitly using time-stamp ordering, after a transaction lock is permitted, even when another transaction with a smaller time stamp arrives, the rollback of the transaction is unnecessary; and (3) since time stamping is used only for deadlock resolution, the proposed methods can easily be introduced to existing distributed database systems that use locking control.


e18786 Background: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer survivorship during 2021, the second year in the US when vaccination became widely available, is largely undocumented. This study reports COVID-19 vaccination, infection, and symptoms among cancer survivors using nationally representative data. Methods: We used the 2021 National Health Interview Survey to identify adults with and without cancer history. Age-adjusted percentages for COVID-19 vaccinations, infection history and symptom severity were calculated among adults with and without a cancer history. We further calculated the percentage of COVID-related outcomes stratifying by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level, and health insurance coverage among cancer survivors. Results: Compared to adults without a cancer history (n = 26,023), cancer survivors (n = 3,428) were more likely to have two or more COVID-19 vaccines (66.6% v 62.3%, P= 0.003) and as likely to have COVID-19 infection history (14.1% vs 14.2%, P= 0.93), but once infected, face higher likelihood of developing moderate/severe symptoms (62.5% v 54.2%, P= 0.02). Among cancer survivors, older age, higher educational attainment, and having health insurance coverage were significantly associated with higher vaccination rate (all P< 0.001). Age was significantly associated with COVID-19 infection history, with the highest percentage of COVID-19 infection history (17.3%) among cancer survivors aged 45-54 years. Among cancer survivors infected with COVID-19, being female and younger age were associated with higher likelihood of developing moderate to severe symptoms (both P< 0.05). Moreover, loss of taste or smell were most frequently seen among COVID-19 infected cancer survivors who were female (68.7%), 45-54 years of age (71.1%), Hispanic (73.2%), and survivors younger than 65 years without private insurance (75.1% for publicly insured and 73.1% for uninsured). Conclusions: In 2021, cancer survivors had better COVID-19 vaccine completion than adults without a cancer history. If infected, cancer survivors were more likely to develop moderate/severe symptoms; survivors who were female, younger age, Hispanic or uninsured had worse experiences with COVID-19 infection, suggesting ongoing tailored efforts to prevent infection are warranted as the pandemic evolves.


May I comment on the remarks Wayne C. Booth made about some passages in Theory of Literature in his article "Preserving the Exemplar" (in CI, vol. 3, pp. 408-10)? Mr. Booth is completely mistaken in referring to Wellek and Warren as "those Un-new Critics." The chapter in Theory of Literature is a revision of my paper "The Mode of Existence of a Literary Work of Art," published in the Southern Review (vol. 7, pp. 735-54) in 1942. This in turn rehearses some of the arguments of my older paper "The Theory of Literary History" in the Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague (vol. 6 [1936], pp. 173-91), written some four years before my emigration to the United States. The incriminated passages are, I believe, the very first attempt to define the ontological status of a literary work of art in English. The method is phenomenological and not neo-critical at all. The terms such as "structure of norms," "structure of determinism" (used also by Meyer Abrams) come from Husserl's Miditations cartisiennes (Paris, 1931) and from Roman Ingarden's Das literarische Kunstwerk (Halle, 1931), as I acknowledged in many contexts. I trust, however, that I supported and developed this position with new arguments, for instance, in rejecting the theories of I. A. Richards. This rejection follows logically from my acceptance of Husserl's arguments against psychologism. In many contexts, I have carefully discussed the theories of I. A. Richards, first in 1937, in a Czech article, on the Cambridge theorists of literature (Richards, Leavis, Empson), most elaborately in "On Rereading Richards" in The Southern Review (vol. 3 [N.S., Summer 1967], pp. 533-54), an account which


This paper studies the use of double concentric circular ring elements arranged in a sub-wavelength grid on a single layer of substrate, in an effort to enhance the beamscanning capability of reflectarrays. The work is carried out at 10 GHz on a 405mm×405mm aperture. In addition to a broad gain bandwidth, the reflectarray with a sub-wavelength grid demonstrates a superior beam-scanning performance compared to the one with λ/2 grid. The measured results show that the reflectarray with 0.3λ grid spacing realizes a 1-dB gain bandwidth of 22% with an aperture efficiency of 56.6%. With the reflectarray fixed, this paper investigates the possibility of beam scanning by displacing the feed horn laterally. The results show that beam scanning of ±15o is possible while retaining the broadband characteristics.


Abstract Instead of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, the nucleophilic addition reaction proceeded smoothly between heterocyclic enamines 1 or 2 and nitrile imine 1,3-dipoles 3 under mild conditions to yield C-hydrazidoyl-substituted heterocyclic enamines 4--6 as the sole product.


The occurrence, size distribution, aggregation and trace-metal binding of iron-rich nanoparticles in groundwater and river water have been studied using a range of sophisticated nanoanalytical techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) performed under oxygen free conditions showed that sub-oxic groundwater samples from the River Thames flood plain were dominated by discrete semispherical nanoparticles in the 1 nm-20 nm diameter range. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detection confirmed that Fe was the major element in the nanoparticles. The field results were validated by AFM-analysis of laboratory mixtures of Fe(II)-sulphate with Suwannee River Humic or Fulvic acid, which yielded nanoparticles with a similar size distributions to those found in the groundwaters. Aeration of both groundwater and synthetic laboratory samples resulted in aggregation of the nanoparticles to form colloids, several hundred nm in diameter. Flow Field-Flow Fractionation coupled on-line to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (FlFFF-ICP-MS) showed that a significant proportion (around 40-50 %) of rare earth elements (REEs) in rivers of the Yukon River basin, Alaska, during the spring flood were associated with 40 nm iron-rich nanoparticles and colloids. Nanoparticle, sources, formation and dynamics in the Alaskan rivers will be discussed by comparison with the results from sub-oxic groundwater samples, and their implications for the trace-metal transport by Arctic rivers will be examined.


This paper presents an artificial neural network method for long-term prediction of liquid sodium flow rate through the core of the IBR-2M reactor. The nonlinear autoregressive neural network (NAR) with local feedback connection has been considered as the most appropriate tool for such a prediction. The predicted results were compared with experimental values. NAR model predicts slow changes of liquid sodium flow rate up to two days with an error less than 5%.


Experiments on rotating channel flow, where both the primary (induced by a Coriolis instability) and the secondary instability are triggered independently, are described, focusing on the development of a secondary instability consisting of high-frequency travelling waves and their subsequent breakdown. Detailed hot-wire velocity measurements of the secondary disturbance are made and the phase speed and growth rate for various frequencies are determined. It is shown that the frequency of highest growth rate is close to that which is observed for naturally developing flow. Some information on the later stages in the transition process is obtained from frequency spectra, which show that interaction between various modes gives rise to stochastic low-frequency disturbances, which may play an important role in the transition process. A theoretical model of the disturbance structure is described which is used to explain some of the measured results and also allows the determination of the disturbance cross-stream flow field from only streamwise velocity measurements.


The main aim of the current thesis is to discover the shift of traditional communication strategy towards communication through Social Media. Furthermore, to address the key challenges of marketers and introduce new solutions. The literature overview includes the most important aspects of Digital Marketing, Internet Marketing and Social Media Marketing and how they are used as part of communication strategy in the business world. Moreover, how brands are utilizing Social Media in order to deliver the message. The analytical part includes case studies and reports from different well-known enterprises that was used in order to incorporate and support my findings. Through the analysis of the primary data (case studies and survey) and the secondary data (books, articles, websites) and based on findings I was able through the conclusion, to interpret, answer and give the appropriate remarks. In addition advice on how Social Media can become your best friend in the business environment.


Fuzzy interpolation property is among the most important properties of fuzzy inference systems. It has been showed that the normality plus Ruspini condition applying to the antecedent fuzzy sets is a sufficient condition with a high practical impact. Another important property is the monotone behavior of the resulting control function (after a defuzzification) derived from a monotone fuzzy rule base. Unfortunately, this goal may be often reached only when applying at least and at most modifiers which is in collision with the Ruspini condition. This paper tries to answer the question whether this collision is an unavoidable obstacle for the interpolation property or whether the "lost" Ruspini condition does not cause losing the interpolation.


Summary

The Columbae, which have been regarded hitherto as a diastataxic group, have several members with the eutaxic condition. Comparison of the featheriog in these form makes it probable, or at least plausible, that the eutaxic condition has been attained by cloaing up of the gap, with first crowding, and then disappearauce, of two of the three feather8 occupying the primitive gap. Intermediate stages between true wide-gapped diastataxic forms and true eutaxic forms occur. Comparison of the anatomy of the eutaxic forms with that of the diastataxic forms shom that the former are on the whole more advanced in the general progressive modification of the whole group. It is easy to show that in a hypothetical pentadactyle wing a gap in specialized rows of incipient quills might arise in the position required for the diastataxic gap. Among Aves there is a gerierltl correspondence with the conditions aniong Columbae. The diaatataxic condition of the wing is primitive aniong birds; it is the architaxic condition. By c!osing up of the ranks any architaxic wing may become eutaxic, and this change has beell mRde by some whole groups and by individuals of other groups.


The village education is very important in 21century,now it is keys to adjust distribution of village's school for us.The writer tries to look back village education in history background,analyze current village education's situation,we should notice some principles and problems with the science development view.


The article deals with one of the most significant linguistic phenomena of our time, the incredible spread of English as a global language. The author examined the phenomenon of language variation in terms of dialects and styles of English. The article focuses on a small number of selected examples in order to give a basic idea of some of significant ways in which forms of language can vary. The spread of English across cultures has two sides. One represents those who use English as their first language and the other represents those who use it as an additional one. Groups of people speaking diverse languages are often thrown into social contact. When one group becomes politically and economically dominant over another language a common language must be found to serve as a medium of communication. A language used in this fashion is known as lingua franca. In such situation pidgin languages have developed, that is a simplified language with reduced vocabulary and grammatical structure. World Englishes consist of varieties of English used in sociolinguistic context globally. Languages do not «die» or «go extinct»: they are crowded out by bigger languages. Small tongues get abandoned by their speakers, who stop using them in favor of a more dominant, more prestigious, or more widely known tongue.


In this article we present a simulation platform based on gem5 for security analysis. On top of gem5's architectural exploration and performance estimation capability, our platform permits attacks on ARM Trustzone, security evaluation of cypto libraries, and attacks from accelerators or 3rd party IPs present in the SoC. We discuss various components of our platform such as GDB, gem5, SystemC TLM 2.0 and the steps to boot an open source trusted execution environment called OPTEE. We present an in-vitro experimental attack in Syscall mode on the mbedTLS library and we show how this attack can be fine-tuned. We also present two in-vivo attacks on OPTEE on the RSA signing Trustlet and the Secure Storage Trustlet to demonstrate the capabilities and usage of our platform.


A group of bicyclic ketones and thiones have been synthesized for homenolization studies. Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,5-dione (6) undergoes unusually rapid tetramethylation giving 3,3,6,6-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,5-dione (1) in good yield. Treatment of 1 with P2S5 in xylene gave 3,3,6,6-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,5-dithione (2) and 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl 15-oxo-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-thione (3), which was converted into 4 with Raney nickel. Bicyclo[2,2,2]octane-2,5-dione (7), prepared via a Diels–Alder reaction between 2-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-cyclohexadiene and and α-acetoxyacrylonitrile followed by a one-step desilylation/hydrolysis, also undergoes facile tetramethylation giving 3,3,6,6-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,5-dione (5) in good yield. AM1 calculations were carried out on the α-enolates of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 6, 5-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, and 4-acetylbicyclo[2.2.1]-heptan-2-one in an attempt to gain information on the source of the enhanced acidity of the C-3 ...


Interactions were characterized for the first time between pea cultivars and the fungus Aphanomyces euteiches at Finnish trial sites on soils with and without common root rot caused by the fungus. Seed yield, protein content, growing time, duration of flowering and stalk length were all significantly influenced by the fungus. An average of 35% yield reduction was obtained in trial fields infected with Aphanomyces euteiches. On average, protein content was decreased by 1.4%, growing time was reduced by 9 days, duration of flowering was prolonged by 2 days and the stem length was reduced by 20%. Differences between cultivars were observed. The pea breeding line Jo 1085 showed the best tolerance.


Warm mixes are still the main issue in road construction. Environmental and economics stresses lead necessary to a combination of these technologies with recycling. These new ways to produce asphalt mixes face several problems, resulting from their specific composition and way of production. Mix designs studies in laboratories are not well adapted to make these mixes in a way close to what is produced in plants. Questions arise about how to prepare RAP and to produce mixes in lab when foam is used. When mix design is only based on laboratory studies, this can slow down the acceptance of these technologies. To promote these techniques, Colas has implemented an important test program, and on site measurements on new plants. A mobile laboratory has been installed and the main existing industrial processes of production, with additives and foam, using RAP warmed or not, have been fully evaluated. Workability, water resistance, but also mechanical performances used in a fundamental approach necessary for pavement design have been completely assessed. Usual mix design of the same mixes has been conducted in the laboratory with materials sampled at the plant, allowing to be sure that no bias could come from the components. Wearing and base courses with 40% RAP content has been studied. The question of the blending of the binders has been evaluated through a detailed analysis of all the binders, pure, extracted from RAP, and extracted from the mixes. Both performance tests and chemical composition of the binders have been investigated, in order to draw some relationships with the mix performances. We especially focused on the state of aging of the binders. The main characteristic of this experimental trial was that it covers all the existing productions capabilities on the same site. The effect of the process, production of a hot or warm mix, using cold or heated RAP, was fully covered, giving us a necessary better understanding of the effect of the process, leading to more relevant criteria to obtain optimized warm mixes with RAP. These will be an important reference to increase the development of warm mixes with RAP


Abstract Two runways were resurfaced with 50–60 mm of typical airport asphalt at the same airport. One runway surface performed well while the other exhibited a lack of resistance to cyclic shear stress under heavy aircraft braking. Both runways had the same hydrated lime filler and coarse aggregate source. The fine aggregate (dust) used to manufacture the two runway surfaces was obtained from two different basalt quarries. The dust associated with the poorly performing asphalt contained a potentially detrimental clay mineral (Hisingerite). It was subsequently determined that the crude oil used to manufacture the feedstock for the acid-modified binder also changed at the transition from one runway to the other. The changes in dust and binder were confounded. A combination of viscosity testing and performance-based multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) testing determined that the two runway binders responded significantly differently to shear stress and aged differently with sample storage time. The differences were magnified at higher temperatures. Further, mastic samples were manufactured from binder associated with both feedstocks, in combination with dust from both quarries. MSCR testing of mastic indicated that the dust containing significant Hisingerite had no adverse impact on the mastic response to shear stress. The change in binder feedstock was concluded to be the root cause of the lack of resistance to cyclic shear stress observed in one runway surface. This occurred despite all batches of binder meeting the viscosity-based Australian specification for paving grade bitumen. The specification has no mechanism to prevent similar changes in bitumen feedstock affecting airport bitumen performance in the future. Incorporating performance-based testing in the Australian bitumen specification is recommended.


In this short paper, we derive a form of the standard endogenous price Armington CES trade model to estimate the effect of a tariff rate-quota (TRQ) on industry specific imports. We then detail how to model changes to the in-quota and out-of-quota tariff rates. We additionally present a refined derivation of a Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman (DSK) CES style model of trade and discuss its use in modeling the effects of implementing a TRQ. Finally, we estimate the effects of introducing a TRQ and compare the estimates of the endogenous price Armington CES model to the exogenous price Armington model and the Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman (DSK) CES model of trade. We show that for the Armington models, only changes to the effective marginal rate affect prices and quantities. We find that the exogenous price Armington model and DSK model produce identical predictions of the impact of the TRQ on subject import prices and comparable predictions about changes in imported volumes and domestic production. The endogenous price Armington model allows for partial pass-through of the TRQ to the subject import price. Consequently, it predicts more modest effects on consumer prices and quantities than the other two models. Ross Hallren Office of Economic, Research Division firstname.lastname@example.com David Riker Office of Economics, Research Division firstname.lastname@example.com


The absence of a comprehensive and accurate database on fire occurrence means that some proportion of wildfires is not reported. This paper examines wildfires reported in the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) database and compares it with the satellite-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire detection data and the CAL FIRE Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP) geodatabase to understand underreporting of wildland fires in the NFIRS system. The paper discusses a series of large wildland fires and uses a Generalised Linear Model to identify the conditions where large wildfires go unreported. This paper shows that the NFIRS database, which is the primary fire database in the US, significantly underreports wildland fires. Evidence from California suggests that 32% of fires within local jurisdictions detected via MODIS satellite were identified in the NFIRS database; thus, there could be a significant number of fires going unreported nationwide. Examining eight large fires in California, only 16% of the structures damaged or destroyed, as reported in CAL FIRE, were reported in NFIRS. Areas with underreporting tend to have a higher level of poverty, higher population density, higher level of people without vehicles, lower income and a higher level of single parents with children under 18, as well as a higher level of people under the age of 18.


For the sake of making better guidance on the design of dual-rotor induction motor,the paper framed sets of models,and analyzed these models by finite element analysis methods based on ANSYS software. Electric field is analyzed by different size of magnets, and the best size of magnets is obtained for the purpose of optimizing dual-rotor induction motor.


Objective To analyze antibiotic susceptibility of the V.cholerae strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Guangdong province during 2006 and 2008.Methods V.cholerae O1 and O139(183 strains) from cholera cases(38 strains) and environmental samples(145 strains) in Guangdong province during 2006 and 2008 were colected.The detection of ctxAB gene with PCR was employed to identify toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains.Antibiotic susceptibility testing for the strains was performed on Muller-Hinton agar with disk diffusion method as recommendid by CLSI(former NCCLS).Results There were 44 ctxAB gene positive strains in the 183 strains.Among the clinical and toxigenic strains,serotype Ogawa showed resis-tance to tetracycline,nalidixic acid,and trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazo;while the serotype Indba showed a resistance rate of 100% to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazo;the O139 showed resistance to tetracyc-line,nalidixic acid and trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazol.The Ogawa and Inaba from environment and non-toxigenic serotype showed resistance to tetracycline,nalidixic acid and trimehtoprim+sulfamethoxazol,and the O139 strains resisted to nalidixic acid,trimehtoprim+sulfamethoxazol and ampicilin.Most of clinical and toxigenic strains showed stronger multidrug resistance than that of the environmental and non-toxigenic strains(P0.01).The serotype Inaba from the clinical and toxigenic strains appeared NAL-SXT resistant,and most of the O139 showed multidrug resistance to more than 3 antibiotics.On the contrary,most of serotypes of Ogawa and Inaba from environmental and non-toxigenic strains showed multidrug resistance to more than 3 antibiotics,while the most of the O139 displayed resistant to NAL-AMP and SXT-AMP.Conclusion Most of clinical and toxigenic V.cholerae strains isolated in Guangdong province showed strong multidrug resistance than environmental and non-toxigenic strains.It is important to survey the multidrug resistance of the V.cholerae to control cholera efficiently.


This paper analyzes the performance of the OS-CDMA system using OFDM technique to enhance the channel data rate, to save power and increase the number of user of OSCDMA systems. This system compared with previous hybrid subcarrier multiplexing/optical spectrum code division multiple-access (SCM/OSCDMA) system. The average received SNR with the nonlinearity of subcarriers is derived. The theoretical results have been evaluated based on BER and number of users as well as amount of power saved. The proposed system gave better performance and save around -6 dBm of the power as well as increase the number of users twice compare to SCM/OSCDMA system. In addition it is robust against interference and much more spectrally efficient than SCM/OSCDMA system. The system was designed based on Flexible Cross Correlation (FCC) code.


in the UK (Mather and Keen, 1985; Samanta et al 1987; McKeigue etal 1988; Cruickshank and Beevers,1989; McKeigue ~t al 1989; Simmons et al 1989; Woods et al 1989 and McKeigue et al 1991 ) have shown that migrant Asians have very high prevalence rates of NIDDM as compared to whites (Europeans) in Britain. There appears to be a spectrum of interaction between genetic susceptibility (probably heterogeneous) and enviromental factors to produce Type II diabetes. In certain situations the genetic role is much more powerful and enviromental factor is negligible, or vice versa. Thus, there may be an underlying genetic susceptibility to Type II diabetes in Asians which is unmasked by enviromental factors.


A signal processing method of changing sample rates being used in airborne radar look\|down detecting the moving targets from the earth\|clutter is proposed in this paper. First the signal model analysis is given, and then the application of the changing sample rates processing is discussed for the signal model. Finally, the results of simulation are given, showing that the method is very effective.


Network selection plays a pivotal role in ensuring efficient handover management. Some existing approaches for network selection may use one criterion, such as RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) or SINR (Signal to Interference Noise Ratio). However, these approaches are reactive and may lead to incorrect decisions due to the limited information. Other multi-criteria-based approaches use techniques, such as statistical mathematics, heuristics methods, and neural networks, to optimize the network selection. However, these approaches have shortcomings related to their computational complexity and the unnecessary and frequent handovers. This paper introduces NetSel-RF, a multi-criteria model, based on supervised learning, for network selection in WiFi networks. Here, we describe the created dataset, the data preparation and the evaluation of diverse supervised learning techniques (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Adaptive Random Forest, Hoeffding Adaptive Tree, and Hoedding Tree techniques). Our evaluation results show that Random Forest outperforms other algorithms in terms of its accuracy and Matthews correlation coefficient. Additionally, NetSel-RF performs better than the Signal Strong First approach and behaves similarly to the Analytic Hierarchy Process–Technique for Order Preferences by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (AHP-TOPSIS) approach in terms of the number of handovers and throughput drops. Unlike the latter, NetSel-RF is proactive and therefore is more efficient regarding Quality of Services (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) since the end-devices perform the handover before the network link quality degrades.


Abstract
One form of emotional expression in the form of explosive anger in children is known as tantrum behaviour, which can be categorized as bad behaviour based on the perspective of some parents. This is very much related to the problem of child despair, which is caused by the way parents are not quite right in responding to tantrums, so the child reacts inappropriately. Parental responses make children increasingly undisciplined, even this provides opportunities for children to find certain ways to get their desires in a negative way. The child's inability to communicate is one aspect of tantrum studies. This communication is more translated as an expression of emotion and better known as tantrum. This article review will discuss temper tantrum behaviour in children along with a review of various theoretical points of view.


5.1 Components of a Permanent Life Insurance Policy 90 9.1 A Stylized View of U.S. Stock Prices 154 9.2 A SixtyYear View of Stock Prices 171 10.1 Overlap between Alpha Index Fund and Magellan 198 11.1 The Investment DecisionTree Template 210 11.2 The Investment Decision Cube 217 11.3 A Sample Diversifi ed Portfolio 230 14.1 Amount Needed to Accumulate $100,000 at Terminal Date 286 15.1 The Annuity Decision Menu 314


On January 13, 1931, Melania, A-va, 39 years old, was admitted to the Bolotov Soviet Hospital with complaints of pain and swelling in the epigastric region.


The comprehensive power quality compensation inverters (PQ inverters) combine multiple functions of reactive power compensation, harmonic suppression and three-phase unbalanced compensation, making the dc-link voltage fluctuation of PQ inverters much more complicated than traditional grid- connected inverters. In this paper, the mathematical relationship between the frequency of dc-link voltage ripple and the component of the output currents in PQ inverters is deduced and presented. Furthermore, a novel dc-link voltage control method for PQ inverters is proposed, in which a trade-off between current tracking accuracy and dc-link voltage stability is achieved and the dc-link voltage fluctuation is well suppressed. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This was my second trip to Romania after more than 20 years, and I was grateful to enjoy the beautiful city of Cluj, the people, the relaxed atmosphere. And certainly the considerate organizers of the festival and its young volunteers! But the most rewarding experience of my trip was watching Romanian films 'on site' that is, in their own context, in the close proximity of filmmakers, film stars, film critics and of Romanian viewers. The round table discussion, hosted by the Romanian Film Critics' association and helmed by Dana Duma, Magda Mihailescu and Mihai Chirilov (artistic director of the Toronto International Film Festival), is yet another congruous and already traditional event, where film critics from all over the world gather to compare notes on the status of Romanian cinema. Although I intervened twice in the vivid discussion, what follows is a detailed summary of my afterthoughts on the subject of Romanian cinema as seen at the Cluj film festival.


Two‐stage instrumental variable methods are commonly used to estimate the causal effects of treatments on survival in the presence of measured and unmeasured confounding. Two‐stage residual inclusion (2SRI) has been the method of choice over two‐stage predictor substitution (2SPS) in clinical studies. We directly compare the bias in the causal hazard ratio estimated by these two methods. Under a principal stratification framework, we derive a closed‐form solution for asymptotic bias of the causal hazard ratio among compliers for both the 2SPS and 2SRI methods when survival time follows the Weibull distribution with random censoring. When there is no unmeasured confounding and no always takers, our analytic results show that 2SRI is generally asymptotically unbiased, but 2SPS is not. However, when there is substantial unmeasured confounding, 2SPS performs better than 2SRI with respect to bias under certain scenarios. We use extensive simulation studies to confirm the analytic results from our closed‐form solutions. We apply these two methods to prostate cancer treatment data from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results‐Medicare and compare these 2SRI and 2SPS estimates with results from two published randomized trials. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper presents a methodology of monitoring respiration rate by measuring change in exhale and inhale temperature. Various techniques are there for monitoring respiration rate e.g. by counting how many times chest rises and falls in one minute, using microphone which is placed either close to the respiratory airways or over the throat to observe the variation of sound, using Photoplethysmography. This project determine cost effective method for respiration rate measurement using NTC type Thermistor, amplifier circuit, Arduino (due) with result display on Arduino IDE. Measurement of respiration rate by measuring change in temperature from Thermistor which placed in patients breathing mask. Designed project consist of different hardware components and software for monitoring respiration rate with relative accuracy.


Vaccination is one of the most important methods of prevention of infectious disease, saving millions of lives worldwide and protecting people from potentially debilitating complications. It is therefore hailed as one of the greatest advances of science-based medicine of all times. Although repeatedly proven safe and effective, vaccination has been questioned and resented throughout its long history. Vaccine hesitancy and refusal are once again on the rise in this century, due to a complex interplay of numerous factors and circumstances. A decline in childhood vaccination rates has already resulted in resurgence of hitherto eliminated vaccinepreventable diseases in many countries, and is now perceived as a major public health threat. This decline is closely related to increasing spread of misinformation regarding vaccine safety and effectiveness, coupled with a growing anti-vaccine activism. This, among other issues, underscores the need to improve communication between healthcare workers and parents, as well as devise a more comprehensive approach to boosting vaccine confidence, where scientists, physicians, media and the general public all have important roles to play. In this paper, we discuss the phenomenology and causal structure of vaccine hesitancy and refusal, and briefly review some widespread vaccine-related questions of everyday practical importance.


BACKGROUND Intervention This evaluation will test the impact of the onebillion maths apps (henceforth referred to simply as the intervention) on pupils' numeracy outcomes. The intervention is a curriculum based intervention, rather than a theoretically motivated programme, and includes two levels, one labelled as 'age 3-5 app' and the second labelled as 'age 4-6 app'. The maths 3-5 app contains 10 topics and the maths 46 app contains 18 topics aligned with the English National Curriculum. Each topic has several activities (the total number is approximately 120). The topics include, for example, counting (with activities organised in different levels, taking counting up to 100), classification by different criteria (shape, colour), shape (geometrical shapes vocabulary, symmetry), lines and patterns (straight or curved; repetitions of figures in a pattern), position (vocabulary about spatial relations), measures (length, time, mass and capacity), addition and subtraction (arithmetic with pictures, number bonds and number line work), sharing and fractions (half and quarter). There is no overlap in the activities in the 3-5 app and that for 4-6 year olds, and so the two apps can be viewed as one progressive sequence. For example, counting and learning numerical symbols in the 3-5 app reaches 10 and the 4-6 app starts with counting to 20 and continues to 100. In this trial, pupils will start with the 3-5 app and move on to the 4-6 app if they complete the 3-5 app. The intervention will thus be individually paced; this is taken to reflect the way that the apps would be used when schools adopt them outside a research project.


Identification of airborne or ground targets using high resolution radar (HRR) range-profiles is a notoriously difficult problem, due in large part to the extreme variability of the range-profile for small changes in target aspect angle. We address the problem of joint tracking and recognition of a target using a sequence of HRR range-profiles within a likelihood-based framework. The likelihood function for the scene configuration combines a dynamics-based prior on the sequence of target orientations with a likelihood for range-profiles given the target orientation. The recognition system performs joint inference on the target type parameter and the sequence of target orientations at the observation times. The primary issue with respect to successful recognition is modeling of the HRR data. The use of either deterministic or stochastic models for the range profiles is possible within our framework. A deterministic model and a conditionally Gaussian model for the range-profile are introduced, and the likelihood functions under each model for varying orientations and target types are compared. Simulations are presented demonstrating recognition of mobile ground targets within our framework. Results showing performance of the algorithm are given in terms of the expected angular estimation error and the rate of correct recognition.


Objective: Chemoradiation trials over the past 2 decades have assumed that the primary surgical option for intermediate stage laryngeal cancer (T2-T3/N0-N1) was total laryngectomy. However, partial laryngeal surgery (PLS), including transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCL), can provide sound oncologic and functional outcomes, often without adjuvant therapy. Method: We retrospectively evaluated oncologic and functional outcomes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients who underwent TLM or SCL from 1998-2010. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated. The Communication Scale (CS) and Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS) were used to evaluate speech and swallowing, respectively. Results: Eighty-one patients were analyzed with median follow-up of 31 months. Eighty-four percent were T2-T3/N0-N1. Two- and 5-year OS probabilities were 84.2% (95% CI: 73.0-91.0%) and 59.3% (95% CI: 41.4-73.3%), respectively. There was no difference between the TLM and SCL cohorts in OS (P = .781) or RFS (P = .456). Ninety-four percent of patients still had a larynx at median 31 months. Seventy-five percent of patients avoided adjuvant therapy, including 67% of TLM and 84% of SCL patients. CS and FOSS were 2-or-better in 95% and 88%, respectively, designating functional postoperative voice and swallowing. TLM patients were more likely to have a CS of 2-or-better postoperatively (P = .041). Conclusion: PLS can provide good oncologic and functional outcomes for intermediate stage LSCC and is an alternative to chemoradiation or total laryngectomy in select patients.


Over the past several years, the performance of state-of-the-art face recognition systems has been significantly improved, due in a large part to the increasing amount of available face datasets and the proliferation of deep neural networks. This rapid increase in performance has left existing popular performance evaluation protocols, such as standard LFW, nearly saturated and has motivated the emergence of new, more challenging protocols (aimed specifically towards unconstrained face recognition). In this work, we employ the use of parts-based face recognition models to further improve the performance of state-of-the-art face recognition systems as evaluated by both the LFW protocol, and the newer, more challenging protocols (BLUFR, IJB-A, and IJB-B). In particular, we employ spatial transformers to automatically localize discriminative facial parts which enables us to build an end-to-end network where global features and local features are fused together, making the final feature representation more discriminative. Experimental results, using these discriminative features, on the BLUFR, IJB-A and IJB-B protocols, show that the proposed approach is able to boost performance of state-of-the-art face recognition systems. The pro-posed approach is not limited to one architecture but can also be applied to other face recognition networks.


Accurate local Kohn-Sham potentials have been constructed for the ground 1 s 2 1 S state and, in particular, for the lowest triplet 1 s 2 s 3 S state of the helium atom, using electron densities from many-body calculations and the procedure of van Leeuwen and Baerends (Phys. Rev. A 49 , 2138 (1994)). The resulting Kohn-Sham orbitals reproduce the many-body densities very accurately, and furthermore we have demonstrated that the negative of the energy eigenvalue of the outermost electron orbital agrees with the corresponding ionization energy with extreme accuracy. The procedure is also applied to the Hartree-Fock density of the 1 s 2 s 3 S state, and the Kohn-Sham eigenvalue of the 2 s orbital is found to agree very well with the corresponding Hartree-Fock eigenvalue, which is the negative of the ionization energy in this model due to Koopmans' theorem. The results for the 1 s 2 s 3 S state clearly demonstrate that there is no conflict between the locality of the Kohn-Sham potential and the exclusion principle, as claimed by Nesbet (Phys. Rev. A 58 , R12 (1998)).


In situ observation of crystal structure variations induced by electron-beam irradiation in nanometer-sized titania prepared by sol-gel method was performed using high-resolution electron microscopy.The results show that amorphous region formed at the edge of anatase titania grain during the initial irradiation,and then the grain changes to entire amorphous structure.With the irradiation time increase,crystallization occurrs in the amorphous titania grain and rutile titania crystal forms,and one rutile titania grain changes to several rutile titania grains.More fine rutile titania crystal grains form at the end of irradiation.The HAADF image shows that these thinned grains have asymmetrical thickness after irradiation more than 20 min.The composition of the specimen is analyzed by EDS.


We quantified the effects of four different protocols of Live-high Train-low altitude training on maximal aerobic capacity. A systematic search of PubMed for published studies, up to July 2010 was performed using appropriate search terms. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Combined analysis showed athletes exposed to hypoxia had higher maximal oxygen consumption compared to those undertaking normoxic training, Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 1.51 ml. kg−1.min−1 [0.44, 2.58, p=0.006]; hemoglobin (WMD) 0.57 mg/dl−1 [0.38, 0.75, p<0.00001], lower maximum heart rate (WMD) −1.77 beats.minute−1 [−3.03, −0.50, p=0.006], and peak exercise blood lactate (WMD) −3.03 mmol. L−1 [−4.57, −1.49, p=0.0001]. Studies utilizing minimum hypoxic exposure of 9.5 hours daily showed a significantly greater weighted mean difference in maximal oxygen consumption WMD 3.45 ml.kg−1.min−1 [0.30, 6.60] p=0.03, in the hypoxic subjects. Protocols using altitudes between 2,500 to 3,500m for a minimum of 9.5 hours daily for at least 2 weeks elicited greatest performance effects.


Modern e-commerce system needs to complete data collection, transmission and processing in the heterogeneous platform.Traditional models of EDI system can no longer meet the needs.The paper research the whole structure and technology of Web Services and introduce a Web Services-based reusable,flexible e-business structure.Such structures can combine new business processes with different applications dynamically.


The two decades following the Second World War were marked by geopolitical and pedagogical ferment, as researchers and policymakers debated the role of language teaching in a rapidly changing world. As European empires collapsed amid Cold War competition for global influence, limited colonial education systems gave way to new discourses connecting postcolonial educational expansion, international development aid, and language teaching. This article reveals increasing American interest in the connections between development and vehicular English from 1945 to 1965. Drawing on the work of anglophone reformers, American elites promoted English as a development tool, and institutionalized policies designed to spread it abroad. The rise of the idea of global English in the United States, the article shows, was rooted in an instrumental conception of language, which framed English as a politically neutral vehicle for communication, yet this discourse was contradicted by the United States' strategic ambitions.


China emerged as the top-performing team during the 47th International Chemistry Olympiad last month, winning the four highest-ranked gold medals; South Korea and Taiwan also won four gold medals. The high school chemistry competition, in which teams of four students represent each country, took place on July 20–29 in Baku, Azerbaijan. The U.S. team, which is sponsored by ACS, put on a strong performance, winning one gold and three silver medals. "We're extremely thrilled that we took away four medals," says head mentor Kelli Slunt, a chemistry professor at the University of Mary Washington. David Wang of Monta Vista High School, in Cupertino, Calif., won the seventh-highest-ranking gold medal as well as the highest score in the lab practical portion of the competition. Team members Soorajnath Boominathan of Oklahoma School of Science & Mathematics, in Oklahoma City; Bryce Cai of Barrington High School, in Illinois; and Janice Ong of Thomas ...


Complex networks emerge under different conditions through simple rules of growth and evolution. Such rules are typically local when dealing with biological systems and most social webs. An important deviation from such scenario is provided by communities of agents engaged in technology development, such as open source (OS) communities. Here we analyze their network structure, showing that it defines a complex weighted network with scaling laws at different levels, as measured by looking at e-mail exchanges. We also present a simple model of network growth involving non-local rules based on betweenness centrality. The model outcomes fit very well the observed scaling laws, suggesting that the overall goals of the community and the underlying hierarchical organization play a key role is shaping its dynamics.


The kinetics of chain-length-dependent bimolecular terminations in free-radical polymerization during unstationary state periods are investigated by employing Monte Carlo simulations in segregated ...


Using data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09)—a large nationally representative sample of US high school students—we employed multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationship between school characteristics and the likelihood that a student will drop out of high school. We used a multifaceted framework on school climate to assess the degree to which school attachment, disciplinary order, disciplinary fairness, and academic climate are associated with individuals dropping out of high school. Additionally, we examined how structural and compositional characteristics of schools influence school climate and dropping out of school. Our findings indicate that attending a high school with better disciplinary order and stronger school attachment for the students is associated with a decreased likelihood of dropping out, above and beyond individual characteristics.


1. Introduction and geological settingSediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits are characterized by including several types of sulfide and oxide minerals that exhibit different zoning and paragenesis. Stratiform copper mineralization in the Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo; Fig. 1) took place in the Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergroup, mainly in the Roan Group, but also in the Nguba and Kundelungu Groups. The Nguba Group overlies the Roan Group and consists at its base of the Grand Conglomerat, a glacial deposit. The Nguba Group is overlain by the Kundelungu Group, with the Petit Conglomerat at its base. The latter is also a diamictite deposit (Cailteux et al., 2005). Two main ore bodies are present in the Mines Subgroup in the lower part of the Roan Group, i.e. the Lower and Upper Orebody. Between both ore bodies, a barren or weakly mineralized member, the Roches Siliceuses Cellulaire (RSC), occurs. The host rock of the two ore bodies is formed by dolomitic shales, siltstones and stromatolitic dolomites (Cailteux et al., 2005). The latter shales and siltstones contain lenticular layers and nodules of pseudomorphs after anhydrite and very early diagenetic pyrite (Cailteux et al., 2005). The RSC is interpreted to originally represent massive stromatolitic dolomites with some interbedded dolomitic siltstone, and thus biogenic carbonates. Figure 1. Location of the Central African Copperbelt and of the most important ore deposits (after Cailteux et al. 2005).Numer


Human stem cell-based disease models have great promise to advance our understanding of human disease. These models can be derived from patients with genetic disorders and manipulated with genome editing and myriad differentiation protocols to model pathologies in vitro. However, several challenges have impeded the full potential of stem cell-based in vitro disease modeling. Many genetically predisposed diseases take time to manifest and occur in specific tissue microenvironments, and these parameters are often not adequately modeled using conventional shorter-term monolayer cultures. These challenges must be overcome especially for cases where animal models also incompletely recapitulate the complex pathologies found in humans. As prominent ways to tackle these challenges we discuss here how advanced genome editing tools in human stem cells and human organoid cultures, specifically the example of intestinal organoids, contribute genetically defined models that recapitulate phenotypes of disease. One of the most important developments in disease modeling was the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) [1,2], which are functionally equivalent to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) [3–5] and are collectively referred to as pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Cells taken from a patient with a genetic disease can be reprogrammed as human iPSCs and can subsequently be differentiated into disease-relevant cell types to uncover molecular and cellular mechanisms and to screen for drug treatment options (Figure 1). A significant challenge in iPSC-based disease modeling lies in the fact that each disease-specific iPSC line is genetically distinct due to the genetic variability among patients [6]. As a consequence, phenotypes of iPSC disease models can show striking variability between individual patient-derived cell lines [7]. Moreover, variability can also be caused by the reprogramming process used to create the iPSCs [8,9]. This variability greatly challenges our ability to model disorders with mild or complex phenotypes. Recently, we and others have overcome this limitation by establishing the use of site-specific nucleases (reviewed in [10,11]) in hPSCs, allowing a level of genetic control previously limited to traditional model systems [12 ,13–15]. As a result, we can now perform targeted gene knockouts , generate tissue-specific cell lineage reporters, overexpress genes from defined loci, and introduce and repair point mutations in hPSCs. This genetic amenability of hPSCs allows researchers to generate sets of isogenic cells that differ exclusively at the site of editing. Consequently, the phenotypes identified in these cells can be attributed to the disease-relevant mutation rather than the specific genetic background of a given patient. …


The use of biological "nanopores" as sensors for single molecules like DNA was recently demonstrated: the passage of the molecules through the pore separating two electrolyte-filled reservoirs is induced by a voltage application and detected as a current drop. Present attention is devoted to solid state nanopores, with obvious advantages, such as high stability, control of diameter, adjustable surface properties and the potential for integration into complex devices. We present results on DNA-functionalized solid state nanopore devices produced by using a Focused Ion Beam, to obtain an high throughput platform for gene expression profiling, that is for the rapid molecular diagnosis of tumours and other genetic diseases.


Supersymmetry is one of the most important concepts in the quantum field theory, string theory and high energy physics. Supersymmetry Quantum Mechanics is introduced from supersymmetry in theoretical physics by Witter and Cooper. A special superpotential W(r) and (V_±(r)) is constructed for N_dimensional hydrogen atoms. Under shape invariance potential condition, The energy eigenvalues and eigenfunction of N-dimensional hydrogen atoms are obtained.


Persons with dementia sometimes confabulate (that is, utter statements unaware of their falsity). This threatens the shared world that is normally presumed as the basis for communication. Coparticipants then have to choose between acquiescing in the confabulation, being noncommittal, or indeed correcting the speaker. In this conversation analytical case study of one individual with vascular dementia, I investigate how health-care personnel and volunteers deal with the problem. The data were extracted from a 30-hour video corpus of interactions between one confabulating person and, in total, eight other elderly individuals, three professional caregivers, and a volunteer at a Swedish-speaking day care center for the elderly in Finland. We see how care providers react to confabulations with a range of response practices along the continuum of acquiescence and noncommitment (but not into the more challenging area of correction). Data are in Finland-Swedish with English translation.


A method by which the apparent microwave temperature characteristic of a flat scene is estimated from dual polarized measurements is derived and interpreted. Approximate linear relationships between antenna and apparent temperatures are established by weighting emission components in spherical bands under the assumption that the surface is isotropic. The weighting factors are formed by integrating the antenna pattern functions over these bands. The vector aspect of the formulation is retained to account for the difference between the definition of the antenna polarizations and the polarizations of the emitted fields. The method is largely applicable to the measurement of smooth temperature distributions by an antenna having good spatial resolution of the distributions and is considered efficient for inverting large volumes of measurements. Sample cases are presented and the implications of these cases on remote radiometer observations are discussed. It is shown that cross-coupling occurs between the polarizations of the emitted fields and the polarizations of the antenna. For this reason and because practical antennas have cross-polarized patterns associated with them, it is necessary to conduct measurements at both horizontal and vertical polarizations to realize the inversion. It is also made evident that thorough inversions require that the apparent temperatures be sampled at a sufficient number of points between nadir and zenith.


Foreword vii Introduction 1 Chapter One: Purpose and Meaning 5 Chapter Two: Democracy and Empowerment 31 Chapter Three: Progressive People 67 Chapter Four: Conscious Leadership 101 Chapter Five: Organizational Openness 129 Chapter Six: Change Velocity 161 Chapter Seven: Tech DNA 197 Chapter Eight: Fair Finances 227 Conclusion 261 Acknowledgements 267 About Will McInnes 271 Index 273


This paper explores shared trends and shared cycles between crude oil market and global food commodity markets for wheat, rice, sugar, beef, coffee and groundnut. The results of the paper indicate that there is no evidence of shared trend and common cycle between crude oil market and each of the food commodity markets, suggesting that each market responds differently to cycle generating shocks. This result implies that change in food commodity prices do not mimic systematically the cyclical behaviour in crude oil price changes. Thus, non-oil factors, such as the speculative activities in commodity future markets, may have more important role in recent years food commodity price explosion.


Cluster architectures are an effective approach for organizing sensor networks to balance the load and prolong network life. To cluster wireless sensor networks, this paper proposes an energy-efficient distributed algorithm. This algorithm uses two techniques (partial clustering and multi-criterion cluster formation) for efficient use of the sensor nodes' energy. When a header expends a certain amount of power, it only notifies the nodes in its cluster that new clustering is required in the next round. Therefore, in contrast to previous studies that performed complete clustering, clustering in the present work is performed partially, which considerably reduces the clustering overhead. In addition, a multi-criterion score is calculated for each node. In this algorithm, a node with the highest remaining energy and score is a more suitable candidate to be selected as the head of the cluster. In addition, a regular node becomes the member of the cluster with the highest score in its vicinity. The experiments reveal the superiority of the proposed algorithm over other simulated algorithms in terms of energy savings and network lifetime.


This paper presents preliminary experimental results of a gas generator (GG) developed for research to determine the burning characteristics in mixture ratios below the stoichiometric and the validation of the chemical equilibrium software, as well as performance calculations, with own developed software used specifically in the design of this model of GG. For this work, tests were carried out at pressures below nominal operation point for an initial investigation of combustion behavior in low mixture ratio. The results show the possibility to a new analysis method which leads to development of numerical tools to investigate its behavior.


This paper collects some of the main regulatory aspects of Muslim women's lifes. In fact, it analyses what Coram says on women and it also examines other cultural issues like honour codes, the compulsory use of the veil, or the application of practices such as stoning or female genital mutilation, as all these contents have a strong influence on Muslim women's lifes. The third part of this essay is related to the Islamic law on marriage, which includes polygyny or 'marriage for pleasure'. The paper ends with some conclusions on the main situations of inequality which affect Muslim women