Machining accuracy depends very strongly on the connection characteristics of the spindle/toolholder interface. Under high rotational speed, the connection characteristics vary greatly. Above variation can result in the axial displacement of the tool relative to the spindle and the bending of the tool under the action of the cutting force, thereby reduce machining accuracy. Traditional research methods based on Lame's equation are not suited for the spindle/toolholder interface. Advanced nonlinear FEM technology can provide an effective approach to solve this problem. The results demonstrate that higher drawbar force can increase contact pressure between the toolholder and the spindle to prevent the tool from bending during cutting process, and reasonable initial interference can effectively improve axial positioning accuracy of the tool relatively to the spindle. So, enhancing the drawbar force and choosing a reasonable initial interference is benefit to improving machining accuracy and surface quality. Introduction The major function of the spindle/toolholder interface is to connect a tool to the main spindle. It must play two important roles simultaneously: precisely locating the toolholder relative to the spindle, and providing enough contact stiffness between the spindle and the toolholder to clamp the latter rigidly in place. So, machining accuracy depends very strongly on the connection characteristics of the spindle/toolholder interface [1-3]. Recently, high-speed machining centers are required for metal cutting industries to enhance either productivity or accuracy of machining. High-speed operations require an interface that maintains its characteristics at high spindle speed [4]. Under high rotational speed, the connection characteristics, such as deformation and contact pressure distribution etc., vary greatly. As a result, the axial displacement and the bending of the tool will happen and machining accuracy will be influenced. Clearly, accurately analyzing and predicting the deformation and contact pressure distribution of the interface is benefit to improving machining accuracy. The connection between the spindle and the toolholder belongs to the contact problem whose boundary condition is highly nonlinear. However, traditional research methods based on Lame's equation are not suited for the spindle/toolholder interface. Also, it is difficult to experimentally measure the contact pressure distribution and deformation between the spindle and the toolholder. With the development of the computer hardware and software, advanced nonlinear FEM technology can provide an effective approach to solve this problem [5]. Based on the analytic result, the machining accuracy and the surface quality can be improved by means of optimizing the drawbar force and the initial interference. Mechanism Analysis The deformation and the contact pressure distribution are analyzed assuming that the configuration of the interface is axisymmetric, as shown in Fig.1. Dimensions of the interface are determined according to the ISO standard except for the key ways. In the analysis, the drawbar force Fy is applied to the toolholder. Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-03-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 259-260, pp 839-842 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.259-260.839 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,19:03:53) 840 Advances in Grinding and Abrasive Processes Spi n d le Too l ho l de r Gag e s u r fac e F y Z L Fig.1 Schematic view of 7/24 Spindle/toolholder Interface (No. 50) Deformation due to Centrifugal Force. When centrifugal forces act on the toolholder and the spindle, the radial displacement u1(a) and u2(a) are shown as follows[6], respectively, ] a 3 1 a ) 1 [( a E 8 3 ) a ( u 2 2 2 2 1 + + = . (1) ] a 3 1 b ) 1 ( ) a b )( 1 [( a E 8 3 ) a ( u 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 + + + + + = . (2) where, a is the radius of the mating surface (i.e. outside radius of the toolholder and inside radius of the spindle respectively), b is outside radius of the spindle, E is Young's modulus, is angular velocity, is Poisson's ratio, and is density. Comparing Eq.1 and Eq.2, it can be seen that the value of u2(a) is always greater than that of u1(a) at any angular velocity due to centrifugal forces. Consequently, the clearance between the tapered toolholder and the spindle hole exists, and the two mating surfaces are never in contact at any rotational speed. Axial Displacement of the Toolholder. The exiting of clearance resulting in the axial movement of the tool backwards continuously under the action of the tool-pulling mechanism, until the axial reaction force from contact pressure is greater than the drawbar force. The axial displacement of the tool influences the positioning accuracy of the tool relative to the spindle, and reduces machining accuracy. Contact Pressure Distribution of the Interface. During machining, adequate contact pressure between the toolhooder and the spindle is required to maintain the reliable positioning of the tool relative to the spindle and to reduce bending of the tool. The contact pressure is shown by Eq.3, 2 2 2 0 ab 4 ) a b ( ) ( E p = . (3) where, 0 is the interference due to the elastic deformation of the spindle and the toolholder under the action of the drawbar force, and is the clearance due to centrifugal forces. Eq.3 shows that contact pressure is influenced by the interference due to the drawbar force and the clearance due to centrifugal forces, i.e. the rotational speed, and also this relationship is nonlinear. In fact, with the increase of the speed, the effective interference between the mating surfaces is lower and lower, and the separation of the interface is more and more obvious. The looser interface changes the connection characteristics and reduces machining accuracy. Finite Element Model and Analysis A 2D axisymmetric model is used to analyze the contact problem due to its geometric axisymmetry. The finite element model consists of 979 nodes and 501 elements (Fig.2). There are 41 contact-node pairs in the surface-to-surface contact zone. 840 Advances in Grinding and Abrasive Processes


If providing the article of the thrown injuries responsibility in the Tort Liability Act,the system of the Tort Liability Act is going to bring about a series of problems such as a difficult in self-consistent system of logic,administration of justice applies being too difficult to operate,and hardness of avoiding the negative role of guidelines.Therefore,we should analyze the problem of high toss act injuries from more perspectives,and solve it by introducing the social assistance mechanism,and by strengthening the awareness of personal insurance,and by improving technology in guarding high toss act.


In this paper, a dual band polarization angle insensitive 90° polarization rotator using chiral metamaterial is proposed. The chiral metamaterial unite cell is composed by twisted electric-field-coupled (ELC) resonators in four-fold rotation symmetry. Thus it has the same response to the waves with arbitrary polarization angle. The simulation results show that it can works at 13.27GHz and 17.12GHz with the efficiency more than 90%.


Based on working state of cutting unit for roadheader,on the assumption that the uniaxial compressive strength of coal wall under constant conditions,the vibration equation of cutting unit is established.Using Vibration module of ADAMS /Vibration,the article has free vibration analysis and forced vibration analysis for solid model,and then obtains vibration characteristics of system,such as every mode main vibration mode,frequency response curves,etc.A basis is provided for verifying dynamic characteristics in the working process of roadheader and optimizing structure.


Undoped and Fe doped CdS quantum dots have been prepared using simple precursors by chemical precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that undoped CdS nanocrystals are in mixed phase of cubic and hexagonal, where as the doped CdS nanocrystals are in hexagonal phase. Photoluminescence spectr (PL) spectra of doped nanoparticles showed a red shift when compared to the undoped nanoparticles.


In the paper, characteristic and core problem of teaching research oriented university are illuminated from the point of view of scientific research while the role that scientific research play in common colleges and universities is discussed. The problem of scientific research management is considered in the process of building teaching research oriented university.


In this study, the oxide film on X80 steel was fabricated to decrease hydrogen embrittlement of pipeline steel. The microstructures and mechanical properties in 10MPa hydrogen gas and hydrogen permeation properties were investigated. The phase structure of oxide film was mainly composed of Fe2O3. With the increasing of oxidation temperature, surface oxygen content improves gradually. Oxide film plays an important role in resisting hydrogen penetrating. Hydrogen diffusion coefficient decreases from 38.81☓10-7cm2s-1 to 1.26☓10-7 cm2s-1 for oxidation at 450 ℃. The plastic deformation increases obviously after oxidation. HEI decreases from 40.96% to 11.61% for oxidation at 450 ℃.


Introduction: Stable angina pectoris is of great interest to health care workers because of the high levels of anxiety observed in patients following a coronary event. This study aims to investigate factors associated with anxiety scores in patients with stable angina pectoris.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020. Subjects were patients diagnosed with stable angina pectoris in the Cardiology outpatient clinic of Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. Signed the informed consent were subjected to history taking, and structured interviews then were asked to fill out the HADS questionnaire.
Results: A total of 200 study subjects were obtained. The majority of the subjects, 110 (55%) subjects, were women. Of all subjects, 105 (52.5%) subjects were married. The majority of study subjects were employed (61.5%), had >9 years education (88%), non-smokers (70.5%), had comorbidities (73.5%) and had a family history of the disease (64%). The median age was 53 years (min 50, max 55 years). The median value of the length of illness was seven years (min 1 year, max 12 years). The median value of body mass index was 24.16 (min 20.11, max 30.59).
Conclusion: Age, marital relationship, occupation, smoking status, comorbidities, family history of the disease, and body mass index were found to be associated with anxiety scores in patients with stable angina pectoris.


A camera controlling method and system for a visual user device are provided in the present invention, wherein said method includes: a visual communication is performed between a first user device and a second user device, wherein the second user device can adjust its camera in accordance with received camera parameter information (S202); a camera controlling message is sent by the first user device to the second user device to control the camera of the second terminal, wherein the camera parameter information is contained in the camera controlling message (S204); the second user device adjusts its camera in accordance with said received parameter information contained in the camera controlling message (S206). The present invention can control the camera of the opposite end's videophone and improve the user experience.


Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of lower thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum(OLF)combined with lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out on 11 cases of lower thoracic OLF combined with lumbar spinal stenosis.There were 4 males and 7 females,with an average age of 56 years,and the average course of disease was 42 months.From March 2007 to March 2009,all patients undergone thoracic and lumbar laminectomy and posterior-lateral fusion in one stage.Oswestry disability index(ODI)was used to assess the neurological functional status,visual analogue score(VAS)was recorded to assess low back pain,and Cobb's angle was used to evaluate the change of thoracolumbar kyphosis.Results Operation time was 200 to 450 min,with an average of 273 min;blood loss was 600 to 1800 ml,averaged 954 ml.There were two cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage.Eleven cases were followed up for 13 to 36 months,with an average of 23.7 months,Preoperative VAS,Oswestry score and Cobb's angle was 7.91±0.83,66.36%±10.91%,5.91°±0.83° respectively.Postoperative VAS,ODI and Cobb's angle at the final follow-up was 2.18±1.90,25.45%±12.19% and 12.18°±3.06° respectively.VAS and ODI were significantly decreased after operation.The Cobb's angle was significant increased after operation,resulting in pathologic thoracolumbar kyphosis.Conclusion The clinical features of lower thoracic OLF are complicated,which may result in misdiagnosis if the thoracic OLF is accompanied with lumbar spinal stenosis.It is an optimal selection for lower thoracic OLF combined with lumbar spinal stenosis to resect lower thoracic and lumbar lamina in one stage.For females with osteoporosis,additional internal fixation in lower thoracic spine is necessary.

Key words:
Thoracic vertebrae; Ligamentum flavum; Spinal stenosis; Lumbar vertebrae


The article discusses the importance of information technology and its role in society, its impact on the science of linguistics. Our modern society is built on information technology. Information technology is currently being applied to all fields of science. One of them is linguistics, one of which is called computer linguistics. It is well known that the collection, systematization and analysis of language materials have historically been difficult. Thanks to the use of information technology, this process has become much easier. The creation of language corporations, in particular, has become the most important issue. Thus, the analysis, study and learning of the vocabulary, dialects, phonetic, lexical and grammatical features of specific languages has become an easy process with the help of language corpuses. The main step in learning a language is to learn its vocabulary and meaning. Therefore, the dictionary block of language corpuses must be set up first of all. The dictionary block is a system that can be applied to several dictionaries at the same time and clearly illustrates the meaning of the word.


Time slot allocation is one of the most crucial problems in the tactical internet of TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) protocol since the improvement of the network latency and throughput depends on the efficient management of time slot resource. This paper presents a new TDMA based on MAC protocol. The protocol is not only throughput large but also delay sensitive, and it is introduced for the tactical internet of PRNET (Packet Radio Network) topology, which can dynamically allocate time slots according to the number of nodes and the node traffic load. The inter-cluster data forwarding mechanism utilized for cluster head is adopted too. Computer modeling and simulation of the new protocol are carried out by using OPNET Modeler. The simulation results are compared with those of a counterpart which uses the fixed slot allocation TDMA protocol. The test show the protocol is useful for the design of TDMA protocol optimization.


Motivation allows people to pursue the fulfillment of certain objectives, and therefore the motivation in a particular activity has a direct impact on the way to manage their actions to achieve them. In the work field motivation becomes important because it affects directly the performance of the assigned activity and consequently in the operation of the company or organization where the employee belongs. Therefore the aim of this research is to determine the status of motivational needs expressed by McClelland of graduates of business administration program at the University of Narino, because these will define both their individual goals and the way they relate socially and thus their job performance, this will not only impact on the company but also in the welfare of the employee, for that reason is important a good management of diverse needs not only at the enterprise level but also in the academia. To set the different needs logarithmic trends, second-degree polynomials, and correlation coefficients was performed.


The obligation on medical and dental professionals to be insured or adequately protected against claims is currently a professional obligation only. It will however shortly become a statutory obligation under amendments to the Medical Act 1983 and the Dentists Act 1984. Under existing arrangements protection against claims is provided by defence organizations on both contractual and discretionary bases. The uncooperative or uninsured practitioner may cause real difficulty to a Claimant with a valid claim. In some circumstances it will be possible to identify another person or body which is insured or protected and which bears responsibility in law for the acts and omissions of the uninsured practitioner, but in the primary care context, practitioners tend to be independent contractors and not employees. It is arguable that practice principals owe a duty to patients to ensure that locums and associates are adequately insured.


In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between new—incident—subjective memory complaints (SMC) and risk of subsequent dementia in a general population sample aged 75+ years.


In this paper, for constructing the Korean Hazard Information System (KHIS), we conceptually design a hazard evaluation process. We first deal with a hazard evaluation process focused on flood hazard to give the most immense damage and loss. The hazard evaluation process is consist of a damage evaluation process and a loss evaluation process, and is used for transforming hazards from natural disasters into economic measures. The proposed process is developed based on the famous FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)'s HAZAS @MH methodology. We modify the FEMA's process to be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive, that is all losses from the hazards are included into the estimation process but the losses are not duplicated in the process. In addition to this, we define the loss process specifically by considering the characteristics from the hazard environments of Korea. We can expect that KHIS for evaluating economic losses from natural hazards can be developed based on the conceptual design for the economic loss evaluation process, and KHIS can be used as a useful tool for analyzing the feasibilities of mitigation plans in central/local governments.


In this chapter, our aim is to propose a constellation mapping scheme for PTS based OFDM systems to eliminate the requirement of side information (SI). As discussed in chapter 3, the PTS is one of the popular non distortion PAPR reduction scheme for OFDM system. In this scheme, a block of modulated data symbols is partitioned into multiple sub-blocks or partitions, using one of the partitioning schemes discussed in [62]. The obtained data subblocks are multiplied with the phase rotation factor to avoid the peak formation. In this scheme a phase optimization technique can be used to reduce the computational complexity. But, at the receiver, the information about phase rotation factors is required to recover the original data block. Therefore, SI should be transmitted with each OFDM symbol for data recovery. The SI has prime importance for data recovery of original data block because any error in SI detection may cause the corruption of complete data block. Hence, in case of SI corruption the error performance of the OFDM system may degrade severely. The transmission of SI along with each OFDM symbol results in data rate loss in the OFDM system. The subcarriers used for transmitting the SI may be lost in frequency selective fading channel. In order to protect the SI, a good error control mechanism can be employed, but it increases the system complexity and processing delay in the system. Any error control scheme with a code rate less than one further reduces the data rate loss in the OFDM system.


It is well-known that the computational complexity of the Viterbi decoding algorithm for an (n,k,ν) convolutional code grows exponentially with k and the code memory ν, and thus it becomes quickly impractical as the code rate increases. A solution, so far, has been to use punctured convolutional codes, which strongly reduces the decoding complexity but leads to a slightly worse performance. Recently, it has been pointed out that every non-punctured high-rate convolutional code (with 2k > 2ν) can be viewed as the concatenation of a block code and a simpler convolutional code. In this paper, we exploit this property of high-rate codes to facilitate the implementation of the Viterbi algorithm. We propose a modification of the Viterbi decoding algorithm for non-punctured high-rate convolutional codes which results in very significant computational savings. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.


An unconventional symposium on the subject of pathogenetic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of large and giant congenital melanocytic nevi and neurocutaneous melanocytosis, was held at the University of Tubingen, Germany, on May 6-7, 2011. Exchanges were made between physicians from a wide range of clinical disciplines, including pathology, dermatology, plastic and pediatric surgery, neurosurgery, pediatric neurology and genetics; basic scientists in cell and developmental biology; psychologists; and an unprecedented gathering of international patient advocacy group representatives. This diversity of outlooks brought fresh perspectives to the discussions about current scientific and therapeutic advances in the field of these rare congenital diseases and their oncogenic associations. A roadmap for future actions sketched out promising therapeutic developments to follow and fostering of interdisciplinary collaboration among all the involved parties.


Medical staff who ignore guidelines on hand hygiene are "not welcome" in hospitals, said England's chief medical officer, Liam Donaldson, last week, signalling a more aggressive phase in the government's campaign to improve hygiene standards in the NHS.

"Failure to comply is now unacceptable practice," said Professor Donaldson. "Those who do not comply are not welcome in these august institutions."

Speaking at Bart's Hospital, London, at the launch of the third year of the National Patient Safety Agency's "Clean your hands" campaign, he said the time had come for "tougher talking, firm professional leadership, …


Peroxidases (POXs) were investigated in three cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum) with different susceptibilities to infection by Potato virus YNTN (PVYNTN). Soluble, ionically-bound and covalently-bound POXs were analysed over 24 h post inoculation (hpi) in bottom inoculated leaves, upper intact leaves, and in roots. The first changes were observed at 3 hpi when the activity of ionically-bound POXs increased significantly in the inoculated leaves of tolerant cv. Pentland Squire and of resistant cv. Sante. The most pronounced changes were found in the resistant variety, where the increase was twice that in control plants. In contrast, in the inoculated leaves of susceptible cv. Igor, there was a decrease in ionically-bound POXs, accompanied by a two fold increase in the activity of covalently-bound POXs. Also at 3 hpi, cv. Sante showed increased activity of all three types of POXs in the upper intact leaves. Over the period of the experiment, enhanced activity of soluble POXs, correlated with the virus infection, was observed in both types of leaves of the susceptible cv. Igor. However, in resistant cv. Sante, the upper intact leaves of virus-inoculated plants showed a more intense but transient early response of soluble POXs. Part of a new POX gene was isolated from leaves of potato cv. Igor. A nucleotide sequence of 394 bp was determined and the abundance of the POX transcript was analysed by real-time PCR. There was no correlation between PVYNTN infection and the abundance of the transcript.


The practice of vaccination for the prevention of animal disease has been used for centuries and 5 has proven to be a powerful tool for the alleviation of animal suffering as well as the economic well 6 being of producers of animal products. Up until 15–20 years ago, vaccines had changed little from 7 those originally pioneered by Jenner and Pasteur. Since that time there have been significant 8 changes in the types of vaccines available owing to a number of factors, including compatibility with 9 eradication programmes and international trade policies as well as cost-effectiveness of production. 10 The first recombinant vaccines were introduced in the late 1980s to control Aujeszky's disease and 11 rabies in wild-life (Pastoret et al., 1988) and are the forerunners of similar products that will be 12 available in the future. 13


Purpose: To determine the potential of culture in vitro to alter the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and costimulatory molecules on human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Methods: Pure RPE were isolated and cultured. Two sets of RPE (normal and activated) were used. Activated RPE were obtained by incubating primary cultures of RPE with recombinant human interferon-γ. The expression of HLA molecules and costimulatory molecules on human RPE at different passages after culture in vitro were analyzed quantitatively by flow cytometry. Results: In the process of routine culture on culture flask, the duration of culture in vitro was significantly correlated with the expression of HLA-ABC molecules on the normal RPE and the activated RPE (r = –0.893, p < 0.001 and r = –0.964, p < 0.001 respectively), HLA-DR molecule on the activated RPE (r = –0.901, p < 0.001) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the normal RPE (r = 0.961, p < 0.001). There were no correlations between the duration of culture in vitro andthe expression of HLA-DR molecule on the normal RPE, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the activated RPE, B7-1 and B7-2 molecules on the normal RPE and the activated RPE. Conclusions: The chronic rejection is the major immunological rejection following RPE allogeneic graft. Culture in vitro modulation of HLA molecules and costimulatory molecules on RPE may increase lymphocyte infiltration and activation and promote the chronic rejection following allograft RPE transplantation.


Simple Summary The study of animal movement in wild, free ranging species is fundamental for advancing knowledge on ecosystem relationships and for conservation. The deployment of bio-logging devices to this purpose (often GPS-collars in large mammals) requires relatively invasive procedures, such as capture, handling and release. Capture and manipulation cause behavioural modifications that are largely understudied in wild species and may affect both the welfare of animals and the output of the studies. We evaluated post capture and release ranging behaviour responses of a small deer species (roe deer Capreolus capreolus) for five different capture methods across 14 study sites within the EURODEER collaborative project. Roe deer showed modifications in their movement behaviour, independently of the capture method. However, individuals recovered rapidly, converging towards the average behaviour within a relatively short interval of time (between 10 days and one month), demonstrating a general resilience to such stressful events. We encourage researchers to continually adapt capture and handling methods so as to minimize stress and prioritize animal welfare. Abstract The fitting of tracking devices to wild animals requires capture and handling which causes stress and can potentially cause injury, behavioural modifications that can affect animal welfare and the output of research. We evaluated post capture and release ranging behaviour responses of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) for five different capture methods. We analysed the distance from the centre of gravity and between successive locations, using data from 14 different study sites within the EURODEER collaborative project. Independently of the capture method, we observed a shorter distance between successive locations and contextual shift away from the home range centre of gravity after the capture and release event. However, individuals converged towards the average behaviour within a relatively short space of time (between 10 days and one month). If researchers investigate questions based on the distance between successive locations of the home range, we recommend (1) initial investigation to establish when the animals start to behave normally again or (2) not using the first two to three weeks of data for their analysis. We also encourage researchers to continually adapt methods to minimize stress and prioritize animal welfare wherever possible, according to the Refinement of the Three R's.


With gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS),two kinds of metabolites extracting methods of Nostoc flagelliforme were compared. After being washed and quenched,samples were extracted using the cold methanol method and methanol / chloroform method,respectively. The results suggested that the better extraction effect was achieved with the cold methanol method with the 50,mg sample. Through this method,46,kinds of metabolites from Nostoc flagelliforme were detected and identified,including 19,kinds of organic acids,1,kind of inorganic acid,13,kinds of amino acids,4,kinds of amines,4,kinds of alcohols,and 5,kinds of sugar.


It is a common practice in exact enumerative algorithms for graph colouring to find a clique of maximum cardinality and to fix the colours of this subgraph before proceeding with implicit enumeration on the remainder of the graph. The goal of this experimental study is to analyse the effects on the enumeration process of some implementation issues related to the choice of such a clique. This paper is provided with experiments on random graphs and benchmarks.


Novel strategic technologies are posing major challenges to Asian security. These disruptive systems include high-precision and hypersonic delivery vehicles, advanced cyber capabilities, and space weaponry. The proliferation of these new capabilities among states could complicate military planning, reduce strategic predictability, and decrease crisis stability by amplifying preemption incentives. Developments regarding these technologies have already contributed to the collapse of longstanding arms control agreements and have raised dangers of miscalculations or misperceptions that could lead to inadvertent escalation. Yet, revisionist powers in Asia―such as China, Russia, and North Korea―perceive these strategic technologies as helping them realize their theory of victory. In particular, they hope to employ them to negate superior U.S. conventional forces to secure important gains in a limited conflict through multi-domain coercion, while managing escalation dynamics to prevent an all-out war. Chinese, Russian, and DPRK strategists see having strong offensive capabilities as their best means of crippling U.S. military alliances in Asia. Indeed, these strike systems enhance the anti-access/ area-denial barriers these Asian land powers have erected to keep U.S. forces from reinforcing U.S. allies and partners. Fortunately, emerging strategic technologies can enhance U.S. alliances in Asia in critical ways, while some of their potentially destabilizing impacts can be mitigated by managing competition and reducing the risks of miscalculations in these domains.


Fire prevention is an important issue for building construction. It directly affects the safety of resi-dents. Recently, the fire prevention has integrated informa-tion and communication technology, as well as intelligent building concept to improve the safety, comfort and conveni-ence for living environment. Through the help of intelligent application, the fire facilities can accurately monitor related fire information, prevent disaster occurrence and reduce the degrees of damage to protect life and property safety of resi-dents. This study introduce Building Information Modeling (BIM) integrating with sensors and monitors to construct fire control system. When the sensors are activated, the sys-tem can determine the authenticity, eliminate the mischief of false alarm and prevent unnecessary distress caused by false alarms. This study has constructed the sensor and monitor locations in BIM's 3D model. When the sensor is activated, the system can instantly show floor and the room plan of fire point in the 3D model and connect to monitors which are assigned to watch the suspected fire area to determine the authenticity of fire alarm.


Many investigations of fatigue of metals under actual stresses have been carried out recently. Most of them have been done in the case where only the amplitudes of repeated stresses are varying with time. In the case of actual stress spectra of machine members, however, not only the amplitudes of repeated stresses but also the mean stresses fluctuate, and extremely complicated stress patterns are repeated.As one of the investigations of those phenomena, the fatigue tests of the low-carbon steels have been carried out by the authors in the case where the repeated bending stress amplitudes are constant and the mean bending stresses fluctuate cosinusoidaly with time.In order to analyze the varying stress spectra, and to discuss the strength and lives of metal members under those fluctuating stresses, it is necessary to measure the values of actual stresses induced on the test piece, For this purpose, the bending moments applied on the test pieces have been measured from the elastic strain of the driving shaft or of the jaw gripping of the test piece with the electrical resistance strain meter, the electromagnetic oscillograph, and the vacuum tube volt meter.Besides in order to examine the patterns of the repeated stresses, they have been monitored with the synchroscope, then it is ascertained that those patterns are exactly sinusoidal, and it is also ascertained with electromagnetic oscillograph that the mean stresses fluctuate surely cosinusoidaly with time.As the results of the tests, it has been made clear that, in the case of the repeated bending stresses with the varying mean bending stresses, the endurance limits and the fatigue lives of the repeated bending stresses are considerably reduced in comparison with those in the case of the repeated bending stresses with the constant mean bending stresses.


This paper presents four approaches to the graphic interpretation of the quality costs structure definition models: classical, modern, modified, and visionary approach. These give rise to theoretical graphic quality costs models and illustrate the relationship between the quality costs categories, as well as the relationship between the quality costs categories and the total quality costs and the quality level. The paper comparatively analyzes the underlying assumptions, existing knowledge, and principles characteristic of each approach. This contributes to the shaping of the quality costs categories curves and the overall quality cost curve in the theoretical models. The conducted analysis in the paper will enable forecasting the trend of development of theoretical graphic models and identification of potential stakeholders that contribute to changes in the structure and the behavior of the quality costs categories, and thus the behavior of the overall quality costs.


This paper presents a novel 3D brain segmentation method based on level sets and bio-inspired methodologies. Level set segmentation methods, although highly promising, require manual selection of seed positions and thereshold parameters, along with manual reinitialisation to a new level set surface for each candidate region. Here, the use of swarm intelligent mechanisms is used to provide all the statistical data and sample points required, allowing automatic initialisation of multiple level set solvers. This is shown by segmentation of white matter, grey matter and cerebro-spinal fluid in a simulated T1 MRI scan, followed by direct comparison between a commercial level application FMRIB's FAST and the ground truth anatomical model.


Not all communicable diseases are documented in medical textbooks. One has to turn to mass communications for the epidemiology of a disease created in nineteenth-century England by quacks and transmitted via advertising. This article describes and locates the pathogenesis of "nervous debility" and as well attempts to infer the causality of this curious condition by analyzing it as a social construct. In a culture that was not merely patriarchal but imperialist (and therefore preoccupied with control and power), young men perceived to be resisting marriage were urged on to "the glorious destiny of a husband" (La'Mert 150). It was accepted that women's horizons were limited by the confines of their bodies, but men were potentially heroic, masters of mind over matter. However, along with the ideology of self control, as Sally Shuttleworth has pointed out in another context, goes fear of the loss of control. "Emphasis on an individual's necessary responsibility for action is coupled with an overwhelming sense that control is at every moment liable to be overthrown" (317). Culturally as well as biologically, it was the responsibility of middle class Victorian men to more than replace themselves with large broods of sturdy offspring. Further, they were expected to maintain their wives and children in a style that matched that of their neighbors. This may explain why in the last half of the century, despite the emergence of the bourgeois ideal of family life,1 the marriage rate declined steadily and the average age at the time of first marriage rose. Both men and women appeared to be balking at marriage. Respectable women, challenging their image as passive and submissive, were becoming increasingly assertive and independent. In a corresponding swing of the pendulum, Victorian men may have got less so. Anxiety about sexual performance appears to have discouraged a sizeable proportion of them from entering into relationships with women. By the 1880s novels were


Previous measurements of bed load transport in gravel bed streams revealed a large temporal and spatial variability of bed load transport rates. Using an impact plate geophone system, continuous bed load transport measurements were made during 6 years in two mountain streams in Austria. The two streams have a snow‐melt and glacier‐melt dominated hydrologic regime resulting in frequent transport activity during the summer half year. Periods of days to weeks were identified which are associated with approximately constant Shields values that indicate quasi‐stable bed conditions. Between these stable periods, the position of the bed load transport function varied while its steepness remained approximately constant. For integration time scales of several hours to 1 day, the fluctuations in bed load transport decreased and the correlation between bed load transport and water discharge increased. For integration times of about 70–100 days, bed load transport is determined by discharge or shear stress to within a factor of about 2, relative to the 6 year mean level. Bed load texture increased with increasing mean flow strength and mean transport intensity. Weak and predominantly clockwise daily hysteresis of bed load transport was found for the first half of the summer period.


The primary aim of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of the approach, which depends on dividing and classifying the specifications in terms of workable pieces, or generic functional modules. For each module defining the path- predicate representation with an expression in disjunction normal form. This expression is then used to create a genetic template (schema) in a special genetic system model. The secondary aim of this work was to construct a prototype system designed and implemented to employ a specially designed Case Based Management and Retrieval Mechanism and also to provide maintenance of the case library. This library was constructed from data drawn from the testing of an integrated data base management system developed in the Arab Academy for Science and Technology.


Significance The assembly of localized static structures is a culminating feature of developmental programs. Construction of the spore coat, a shell that surrounds bacterial spores, is a model for understanding how proteins localize and assemble at the correct place and time during morphogenesis. Using data derived from in vivo and in vitro single-molecule imaging, we propose a computational model in which coat assembly initiates via an interplay between 2 proteins: a protein that localizes preferentially to micron-scale convex membranes (the surface of the developing spore) and a recruited structural protein that polymerizes to hold the first protein in place. This ratchet model therefore describes how a static structure can be built specifically atop the 2-dimensional surface of a developing organelle. Bacterial spores are dormant cells that are encased in a thick protein shell, the "coat," which participates in protecting the organism's DNA from environmental insults. The coat is composed of dozens of proteins that assemble in an orchestrated fashion during sporulation. In Bacillus subtilis, 2 proteins initiate coat assembly: SpoVM, which preferentially binds to micron-scale convex membranes and marks the surface of the developing spore as the site for coat assembly; and SpoIVA, a structural protein recruited by SpoVM that uses ATP hydrolysis to drive its irreversible polymerization around the developing spore. Here, we describe the initiation of coat assembly by SpoVM and SpoIVA. Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy in vivo in sporulating cells and in vitro on synthetic spores, we report that SpoVM's localization is primarily driven by a lower off-rate on membranes of preferred curvature in the absence of other coat proteins. Recruitment and polymerization of SpoIVA results in the entrapment of SpoVM on the forespore surface. Using experimentally derived reaction parameters, we show that a 2-dimensional ratchet model can describe the interdependent localization dynamics of SpoVM and SpoIVA, wherein SpoVM displays a longer residence time on the forespore surface, which favors recruitment of SpoIVA to that location. Localized SpoIVA polymerization in turn prevents further sampling of other membranes by prelocalized SpoVM molecules. Our model therefore describes the dynamics of structural proteins as they localize and assemble at the correct place and time within a cell to form a supramolecular complex.


This study explores the influence of situational and organizational factors in influencing transparency regarding negative events – in this case financial restatements. It is predicted that situational factors related to the severity of a restatement will influence transparency about the event and that an organization's stakeholder orientation will moderate the relationship between the magnitude of the restatement and transparency. Results show a generally positive relationship between the severity of the restatement and transparency in the restatement announcement but also find that firm characteristics such as size, profitability, and organizational identity orientation can alter this relationship. Taken together, the results of this study provide increased understanding of factors which influence transparency following negative events and suggest that increased attention should be given to the role of organizational characteristics in shaping responses to such events.


In this paper, an approximate solution of non-linear parabolic partial differential equation is obtained for a non-uniform mesh. The scheme for partial differential equation subject to Neumann boundary is based on cubic B-spline collocation method. Modified cubic B-splines are proposed over non-uniform mesh to deal with the Dirichlet boundary conditions. This scheme produces a system of first order ordinary differential equations. This system is solved by Crank Nicholson method. The stability is also discussed using Von Neumann stability analysis. The accuracy and efficiency of the scheme is shown by numerical experiments. We have compared the approximate solutions with that in the literature.


This study aimed to analyze the status of major countries' online national language dissemination for overseas learners. This was done by the representative national organizations founded with governmental support. The study comparatively analyzed the dissemination status of the representative organizations of other countries and representative Korean organizations for Korean language education. The results of the comparative analysis of the major websites of the seven countries investigated in this study revealed the following characteristics. First, the websites were categorized into integrated single and divided dual websites according to their characteristics. Second, the language and cultural content varied depending on whether the websites provided information on offline education service or not. Third, there was a major difference in the number of service languages available on each website. Further, it was distinguished by its strength in providing a variety of specialized learning materials including self-learning modules, video clips, webtoons (internet-based comics), and study materials. However, it was also revealed that further improvements were required in promoting offline education programs and introducing the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK). This study is valuable because the analysis results suggest implications for improvements to be made to the website of the Korean language for better dissemination.


The invention provides an infrared device centralized control system. According to the infrared device centralized control system, a user can have remote control over infrared remote control devices such as air conditioners in a batch or single mode through a network by using a computer or a mobile phone client so that centralized control over the infrared devices in a specific place can be achieved. The infrared device centralized control system has the advantages of being low in cost, flexible and convenient to arrange, capable of being widely applied to air conditioner arrangement in a public place, and capable of effectively solving the problem of electric energy waste of the air conditioners in the using process. According to the infrared device centralized control system, it is not needed that a control network is rebuilt, an existing built network environment is effectively utilized, and the infrared device centralized control system is high in compatibility and can be compatible with air conditioner apparatuses of any models. Because the infrared device centralized control system has a strong learning function and is provided with the mobile phone client convenient to use, the infrared device centralized control system can also be applied to the field of smart homes, and centralized control over common infrared remote control household appliances can be achieved.


In order to improve the cruising range of new energy electric vehicles and solve the low efficiency of electric transmission system in low-speed driving stage, a space vector pulse width modulation algorithm is proposed. The simulation model is established by Matlab/Simulink software, and the test parameters of electric transmission system in the actual driving process of new energy electric vehicle are analyzed, and the harmonic distribution of line voltage of electric transmission system and the influence of battery bus voltage on harmonic content are explored. The actual test results show that reducing the difference between the bus voltage and the fundamental line voltage under actual electric transmission can reduce the harmonic content and improve the system efficiency. According to the characteristics of power generation system, a reliable motor optimization scheme is proposed to reduce harmonic content to improve the efficiency of electric transmission system of new energy vehicles.


Dance Improvisations: Warm-Ups, Games and Choreographic Tasks will provide assistance with any doubts that dancers and teachers might have with improvisation. This practical book promotes creativity that can lead to innovative breakthroughs among students from middle school age through college.
 With Dance Improvisations: Warm-Ups, Games and Choreographic Tasks, you will find new ways to help your dancers create original movements through both individual and group activities. Your students will hone their creative responses, and the innovation and energy in your dance classes will fill your studio or classroom. Students will blossom and gain inspiration using these improvisations as they learn how to develop movement and choreograph studies.


The problems related to traffic coordination in intersections are quite common in large cities. Current solutions are based on the utilization of static priorities (i.e. yield signs), on variable signaling like traffic lights, or even on the physical modification of the road structures by transforming intersections in roundabouts. The emergence, evolution, and consolidation of technologies that enable the paradigm of connected and autonomous vehicles have allowed the development of new solutions where the vehicles' coordination follow a preset path without stopping when entering the intersections. In this work, we propose using a genetic algorithm with variable-length chromosomes to solve the vehicle coordination multipath problem in intersections. The proposed algorithm is focused on optimizing the vehicles' arrival sequencing according to preset flow rates. While other solutions assume the same flow rates in every branch of the intersection, in our proposal the traffic flows can be asymmetric. We extend one of the existent intersection models, based on fixed paths, to allow multiple paths. This means that each vehicle can go from any input point to any output branch in the intersection. Moreover, we have designed specific selection, crossover and mutation operators, and a new methodology to carry out the crossover function between different sized individuals, which are adapted to the specific peculiarities of the problem. Our proposal has been validated by carrying out tests using input data with known solutions and with random data. The results have been compared with systems based on other optimizers, obtaining improved results in the fitness outcome up to 9.1%, and up to 126% in computation time.


The fact that outsourcing hospital support services is an economic proposition for hospitals is now well established. It is no longer a matter of debate whether or not outsourcing is a good idea-in principle. However, the lack of know how of this useful, but tricky tool deters many hospital administrators from using it to deliver the goal of providing quality healthcare services at optimum costs. The Business Process Outsourcing in India has arrived in a big way and has fine-tuned their methodology to their advantage. Despite several successful examples of healthcare outsourcing in India itself, risk-averse hospital administrators are still dithering, and rather have adopted a wait-and-watch policy. In this paper it will be endeavored to explain the methodology of outsourcing support services in hospitals based on experience of various authorities at different hospital set-ups. The methodology thus explained can help the hospital in delivering quality services at optimum cost. However, it is reiterated that adoption of outsourcing has to be tempered with a lot of practicality in order for it to be successful. The paper also deals with various medicolegal issues arising out of outsourcing especially during outsourcing of forensic services.


This paper provides some guidelines on how to approach System On a Chip (SOC) verification, and how create effective SOC testbenches. It surveys the challen in SOC verification and some of the traditional verificatio techniques, and then focuses on showing preferred pract approaches to the problem.


Nowadays, big data analytics has gained more popularity than any other domain in the research world. Its uses in domains like cyber security, but also the security of data itself, represent great challenges for researchers. Neural Network approaches have been of interest in developing models and architectures for discovering patterns and malicious activity of the users. In certain cases, the right model of a neural network can give better results than any other approach used for the same purpose. The pruning techniques for avoiding underfitting or overfitting and the training strategies can improve performance and deliver the best results.


By Dante Anselmo Bachelor of Science Civil Engineering Arizona State University Master of Science Civil Engineering University of California, Berkeley Submitted to the Department of Architecture in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Real Estate Development At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 1997 @1997 Dante Anselmo All rights reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in wl)leyr infart. Signature of the Author Dante Anselmo Department of Architecture August 3, 1997 Certified by William Wheaton Professor of Economics and Urban Studies and Planning Thesis Supervisor


The present study was conducted on 12 dogs with a history of vomition, diarrhoea, weight loss, lethargy, and partial or complete anorexia. Oesophagoscopy was performed using flexible videoendoscope with an outer diameter of 9.8 mm, biopsy channel diameter of 2.8 mm and 3.2 m of length. Out of 12 cases, four cases were of oesophageal foreign body, one each of oesophageal diverticulum, megaoesophagus, submucosal leiomyoma, squamous cell carcinoma and oesophagitis, while rest three were of oesophageal polyps. Endoscopy aided multiple superficial mucosal samples were collected for the histopathological diagnosis. Endoscopic examination provided immediate visualization of radiolucent foreign bodies and eliminated the need for contrast studies or invasive surgical exploration.


The authors argue that college counselors need to consider culturally appropriate adaptations of traditional counseling. They describe a counseling intervention for African American female college students and present a case study to illustrate the effectiveness of this counseling strategy. ********** Understanding the unique counseling needs of African American women is central to the academic success of African American female college students. Although recent studies have shown that there has been an increased number of African American women on predominately White American campuses, this trend does not necessarily mean that this population has adjusted to or been accepted in predominately White American environments. For example, a recent watershed study (Bell & Nkomo, 2001) of the educational and corporate experiences of African American women found that African American women often had their intelligence questioned, their ideas discounted, and their authority challenged by White Americans. The study also showed that African American women believed that they were held to higher and often different standards than their White colleagues; they also believed that they had to outperform their White colleagues in order to receive the same rewards. These distinct challenges add a layer of complexity to the social adjustment and academic persistence of African American female college students. Many African American women have developed important social support resources, often as a result of the need to routinely meet adversity (Jackson & Greene, 2000; Neal-Barnett & Smith, 1997). Group counseling and support groups have been lauded as the treatment of choice for African American female students. Group validation of academic, racial, and cultural experiences empowers these women by allowing them to let go of stereotypes and to internalize more affirming messages about themselves and others (Vasquez & Han, 1995). Conversely, the individual counseling approaches to working with African American women have garnered considerably less attention than group approaches to treatment. This neglect is unfortunate, because many college counseling centers may not offer group counseling or may not have counselors who are trained to facilitate counseling groups for African American women. Several research studies (e.g., Alan, 1992; Nickerson, Helms, & Terrell, 1994) have confirmed that low numbers of African Americans seek mental health services from college counseling centers. Investigators have attributed this finding to African American students' anticipation that White American counselors would provide counseling that would be less relevant, have less impact, or would be less gratifying than it would be if the counseling was conducted by an African American counselor (Nickerson et al., 1994). As a result, the mental health needs of many African American female students may be left unaddressed, possibly making them vulnerable to experiencing academic difficulties or dropping out. Reasons for Choosing A "Sista" Intervention for African American Women Clients As previous research has shown, strong social networks are key to the emotional well-being and academic success of African American women (Bell & Nkomo, 2001; Jackson & Greene, 2000; Neal-Barnett & Smith, 1997). Sisterhood is a prevailing ethos within African American culture. The special closeness of Black women has been intergenerationally transmitted from its cultural roots in many African societies, Jordan (1991) and Brown, Lipford-Sanders, and Shaw (1995) have used the concept of sisterhood in group counseling with African American female college students. These authors have noted special strengths and resilient behaviors that result when African American women participate in such groups. In addition to its value as a survival mechanism for many African American women, sisterhood bonds can also offer a way for counselors to gain in-depth information and insight as they work individually with African American female clients. …


While Ecosystem Services (ES) are crucial for sustaining human wellbeing, urban development can threaten their sustainable supply. Following recent EU directives, many countries in Europe are implementing laws and regulations to protect and improve ES at local and regional levels. However, urban planning regulations already consider mandatory compensation for the loss of nature, and this compensation is often restricted to replacing green with green in other locations. This situation might lead to the loss of ES in areas subject to urban development, a loss that would eventually be replaced elsewhere. Therefore, ES assessments should be included in urban planning to improve the environmental conditions of urban landscapes where development takes place. Using an actual planning and development example that involves a proposed road to a restructured former industrial area in Bochum, Germany, we developed an ad-hoc assessment to compare a standard environmental compensation approach applying ES. We evaluated the impact of the planned construction alternatives with both approaches. In a second step, we selected the alternative with a lower impact and estimated the ES losses from the compensation measures. Our findings show that an ES assessment provides a solid basis for the selection of development alternatives, the identification of compensation areas, and the estimation of compensation amounts, with the benefit of improving the environmental quality of the affected areas. Our method was effective in strengthening urban planning, using ES science in the assessment and evaluation of urban development alternatives.


Modern era is encircled by technological development. Conventional label which is a common item in apparel industry need to be replaced by smart one. In this paper several types of smart label is introduced, that are adapted in recent time. Some of the labels that are conferred here still are in emerging phase and their uses are still limited to apparel or clothing items.


Four studies with a total of 288 patients were analyzed; 3 studies compared albumin with no albumin, whereas 1 study used artificial colloid as the control. I and Cochrane Q tests revealed no significant heterogeneity in either outcome, and there was no evidence for publication bias. A subgroup analysis of patientswithmore severe illness and having a serum bilirubin level greater than 4mg/dL, serum creatinine level greater than 1 mg/dL, or blood urea nitrogen level greater than 30 mg/dL demonstrated a trend toward a larger effect size.


Nuclear acoustic resonance signals have been observed in a single crystal of rhenium metal. From measurements of the resonance fields at different frequencies, values for the Knight shift and zero-field splitting at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K are obtained. The Knight shift, referred to aqueous NaRe${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, is found to be (1.02 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.06)%. The zero-field splitting, $\frac{3{e}^{2}\mathrm{qQ}}{20h}$, is found to be 40.6 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.35 MHz for ${\mathrm{Re}}^{185}$ and 38.35 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2 MHz for ${\mathrm{Re}}^{187}$.


We present the update of the Unitarity Triangle analysis in the Standard Model. Combining the direct measurements on sides and angles of the Unitarity Triangle, we determine the values of the CKM parameters ρ̄ and η̄. This set of information provides a very poweful test of the Standard Model in the fermion sector. Thanks to the fact that the fit is overconstraint, we can predict hadronic QCD parameters without relying on any theoretical calculation of hadronic elements.


Minutes of the 60-1 meeting of the Pacific Southwest Inter-Agency Committee's Phreatophyte Subcommittee. Held March 10, 1960, at Glendora, California.


The invention provides a technical proposal of a public key encryption and decryption method and belongs to a multivariate public key cryptographic system. The encryption is provided by triple combination of reversible linear transformation, reversible nonlinear transformation and reversible linear transformation, and only two reversible linear transformations are necessary to be mastered as a private key at decryption. The method is a substantial improvement of a Matsumoto-Imai cryptographic system, and the new proposal can help effectively resist attack methods such as differential attack, linearization attack and the like. The method also follows the advantages of high efficiency, no cryptographic processor, and being especially suitable for smart cards and the like of the multivariate public key cryptographic system. The advantages of the multivariate public key cryptographic system, particularly resistance of attacks by a quantum computer, can not be compared by those of the traditional public key cryptographic system. Once the quantum computer is practically used, the proposal can be used for replacing the traditional public key cryptographies such as RSA, ECC, ELGamal and the like. The invention further provides a safe and efficient digital signature method based on the public key encryption and decryption method.


There are ten deadly errors which make most empty-handed martial-arts techniques against a knife ineffective. The principal error stems from the fact that few present-day martial systems teach the blade. The premise of this article is that to effectively defend against a knife, you need to know how to use one. The purpose of this article is to motivate martial arts instructors to analyze more critically their unarmed knife defense techniques based on a clear understanding of the use of the knife, and to reawaken interest in the blade arts in the martial arts community.


The article analyzes the factors of limestone-gypsum wet FGD system in Taizhou Power Plant exist in the process of desulfurization efficiency.It is summarized that the process of limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization system needs to control the main operating parameters and methods combining with the last two years of experience and the analysis of relevant tests,so as to achieve the best desulfurization efficiency.These control methods and parameters of the normal operation of the desulfurization system will play a positive role to ensure that the concentration of SO2 discharge standards.


To determine the feasibility of using diffusion tensor MRI (DT‐MRI) ‐based muscle fiber tracking to create biomechanical models of the quadriceps mechanism in healthy subjects and those with chronic lateral patellar dislocation (LPD).


This thesis presents a new analytical approximate approach for solving non-linear initial value problems using Taylors' expansion technique. This approach uses derivative components of Taylors' series expansion as a key in its construction. The new approach gave us analytical solutions for some non-linear problems. Naturally, these solutions are in the form of a power series, and its coefficients represent to the nonlinear terms (sometime linear and nonlinear) in the NPDE. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through several examples. These examples are Biological Population model equations, Zakharov–Kuznetsov equations and system of Burger equations. The new approach leaded to significant improvements both in terms of computational time, convergence and accuracy, and the computational results were reinforced by the convergence theorems proofs theoretically. The tables and figures of the new analytical approximate solutions show the validity, usefulness, and importance of the new approach. Moreover, we can consider that this approach is a well-developed mathematical tool to solving non-linear partial differential equations comparing with the other existing methods.


Observations from SSMI/S are still not as intensively used in NWP as are observations from other microwave sensors. Despite their large information content, these observations are still insufficiently used. Some feasibility studies have been conducted within the ECMWF assimilation system as preliminary steps to use SSMI/S observations over land and under cloudy/rainy situations. New developments have been made in order to improve the land surface emissivity description at SSMI/S frequencies and within the constraints of 4DVAR. Land surface emissivities have been calculated at all SSMI/S window channels and have been found in very good agreement with land surface emissivities calculated using SSM/I, AMSR-E and TMI observations. The consistency of SSMI/S emissivities has been checked by examining the variability of emissivity in space and in frequency. The land emissivity comparison has been found very helpful to check the calibration of SSMI/S window channels. Then, SSMI/S temperature and humidity sounding Tbs have been simulated using the RTTOV-SCAT model over sea and over land. The land emissivities directly retrieved at the closest (in frequency) window channel have been given to the sounding channels. We have shown that the performances of the observation operator under cloudy situations are as good over land as they are over sea. This result is very important since good Tbs simulations are necessary to make SSMI/S assimilation experiments. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


This paper presents design techniques for the CAD and experimental fabrication of ultra-wideband GaAs MESFET power amplifiers which are directed to ECM and EW system applications. Fundamental gain-bandwidth limitations are derived for state-of-the-art GaAs MESFET power devices. Broadband designs are developed in the 2-to 18-GHz range using analytical and computer-aided optimization techniques. These designs are based upon small- and large-signal device characterization and modeling. Presented are systematic procedures required to arrive at the final designs. Modeling techniques and their utilization as a tool in achieving optimum performance are described. Included in this paper is a discussion of the laboratory methods employed to perform small- and large-signal device characterization and analysis. Experimental results on medium-power MIC amplifiers covering the entire 6-18 GHz frequency band using submicron gate-length MESFET chips are also presented in the paper.


Abstract The meaning of scientific propositions is not always expressible in terms of observable phenomena. Such propositions involve generalizations, and also terms that are theoretical constructs. I study here how to assess the meaning of scientific propositions, that is, the specific import of theoretical terms. Empiricists have expressed a concern that scientific propositions, and theoretical terms, should always be, to some degree, related to observable consequences. We can see that the former empiricist criterion of meaning only implies for theoretical terms not to be definable in terms of observable, but that their use put a constraint on the observable consequences of a theory. To that effect, Ramsey's method of formal elimination of theoretical terms can be an interesting tool. It has faced important logical objections, which have mostly been addressed with respect to the problem of the ontological commitment of the second-order quantification they imply. I show here that these criticisms can be overcome, and that there can be a successful Ramsey elimination of theoretical terms with first order sentences, making Ramsey's method a relevant tool to assess the empirical meaning of scientific propositions.


Industrialization has challenged every aspect of Korean life. Behind its emergence as a leading world economy is a society in a constant state of flux. This study examines the dynamic and complex society, change and continuity in Korean life, and the institutions challenged by global modernization.


The rotary grinding device comprises a dust cover which covers a grinding wheel (4) on the housing side and the peripheral side. The dust cover is composed of a fixed manner to the housing (10) connectable to the base body (1) and a circular segment-like cover body (2) together, the partially releasing in an at least the periphery of the grinding wheel (4) release position to the base body (1) is detachably fixable is.


The pseudo-Frobenius numbers of a numerical semigroup are those gaps of the numerical semigroup that are maximal for the partial order induced by the semigroup. We present a procedure to detect if a given set of integers is the set of pseudo-Frobenius numbers of a numerical semigroup and, if so, to compute the set of all numerical semigroups having this set as set of pseudo-Frobenius numbers.


The utility model discloses an arranging device for wire take-up and pay-off, which comprises a frame, an arranging nose, a take-up disc and an ejector cylinder. A transmission screw and a limit rod are arranged on an upper portion of the frame, the ejector cylinder is arranged on one side of the frame, a power transmission system is arranged on the other side of the frame, the arranging nose is arranged on the transmission screw, and the take-up disc is connected with the power transmission system and the ejector cylinder prior to being fixed to the frame. An arranging motor is arranged at one end of the transmission screw, connected with the transmission screw and fixed to the frame, a limit block is arranged on the limit rod, and a limit switch arranged on the arranging nose is in contact connection with the limit block. The arranging device is simple in structure, and the arranging positions can be changed as required through the limit switch and the limit block, and smooth assembly and disassembly of the take-up disc is realized by the aid of the ejector device so that great convenience is brought to take-up and pay-off operations.


The importance of the environmental education in the schools dedicated to the education of children with special necessities of the territory as a way to perfection the integral preparation of them, considering the established in the Cuban Environmental Policy as well as in the National Strategy of Environmental Education where the necessity of the environmental education plays a very important role in the formation of values, creation of habits and conducts in favor of the protection of scholastic environment and its resources, allowing in addition the contribution to the fulfillment to the goals of the sustainable development.


This article assesses the effects of economic uncertainty on the corporate capital structure of Chinese-listed firms using a panel dataset of 1138 firms with A-shares traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange for the period 2006–2020 and fixed-effect regression analysis. Economic uncertainty had a negative influence on Chinese firms' debt ratios, especially for non-state-owned enterprises. Furthermore, firms' leverage decreased on average during the 2008 Great Recession, whereas it increased during the 2018–2019 US–China Trade War and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The findings provide quantitative evidence of the effects of economic uncertainty on the capital structure of firms in a transition economy.


If there is one thing which makes my heart sink, it's the expression 'special project'. Whenever I hear those two doom-laden words I wince, not just because I suspect that someone is almost certainly about to waste a great deal of time and effort, but also from embarrassment. I too bear the scars of being dragged into other folks' fantasies.


Abstract: The goal of this communication is to summarize the following—the types of autoimmune responses that have been characterized in human HIV‐1 infection; the potential mechanisms that were initially thought to be the basis for such autoimmune responses; the prevalence and incidence of conventional autoimmune diseases with HIV‐1 infection; the spectrum of autoimmune disorders following the institution of HAART and its associated mechanisms; the role of such autoimmunity in SIV‐infected nonhuman primates; and the molecular basis for autoimmune responses, such as the role of exosomes in lentiviral disease.


Objective To explore the clinical significance of assay of tumor markers CEA in differentiating benign and malignant pleural effusion. Methods Direct radioimmunoassay method was used respectively to detect CEA of pleural effusion and serum in 58 cases of malignant pleural effusion and 57 cases of benign pleural effusion, and pleural effusion/serum values were analyzed respectively. Results CEA in pleural effusion and serum in malignant group were higher than those in benign group, and the ratios of CEA of pleural effusion to those of serum was higher too(p0.01)。In malignant group CEA in pleural effusion were higher than those in serum(p0.01).The sensitivity of assay CEA in pleural effusion in diagnosing malignant plural effusion was 91.4%,with the specificity being 68.4% and the veracity being 80.0%. Once serological CEA and pleural effusion/serum value of CEA were used, the sensitivity, specificity and veracity were 75.9%,94.7%,87.0%.Conclusion Assay of CEA both in pleural effusion and serum plus pleural effusion/serum value could have significant clinical value for differentiating benign and malignant pleural effusion.


2A Note on Transliteration. Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. A Walled Society. PART ONE. Tradition: Wearing the Veil. 2. The Concept of Veiling. 3. The Perils of Writing. PART TWO. From Tahereh to Tahereh: The Poets. 4. Becoming a Presence: Tahereh Qorratol'Ayn. 5. Revealing and Concealing: Parvin E'tessami. 6. Unveiling the Other: Forugh Farrokhzad. 7. Negotiating Boundaries: Tahereh Saffarzadeh. PART THREE. Shaherzad's Daughters: The Storytellers. 8. Overcoming the Blank Page. 9. Disclosing the Self: Autobiography. PART FOUR. Voices Through the Veil. 10. The Birth of Neotraditional Feminism. Notes. Works Cited. Index.


It will for sure be very difficult to forget such a well-organized, sparkling and outstanding meeting as the MCDM2013 Conference that took place in warm MAilaga (Spain) from the 17thto the 21st of June 2013 (http://www.mcdm2013.decytec.ccee.uma.es/)... http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v5i1.181


On the basis of testing 15 sulfonamide derivatives for diuretic actions in rats, 6-compounds [4 highly active: hydrochlorothiazide—HCT, 5-chloro-hydrochlorothiazide—HCT-55, Benzthiazide—CT-S and 3-diethylaminomethyl-hydrochlorothiazide CTo-16: one moderately active: chlorothiazide—CT; and one inactive: 3-(3',4'-dimethoxy-2'-ethyl-carboxylatephenyl)-hydrochlorothiazide—HCT-18] were chosen for comparative study on physiological dispositions in rats. A modification of the method of Baer et al. was used for the determination of these compounds in biological materials. After an oral dose of 20mg/kg, the rate of disappearance of the various compounds from the gastro-intestinal tract was found to follow the decreasing order of HCT-55, CT-S, HCT-16, HCT, CT and HCT-8. This order roughly parallels their oil-water partition coefficients with the exception of HCT-18, which was found to have the highest partition coefficient although absorbed rather slowly. CT was demonstrated to have the lowest partition coefficient which may explain its relatively slow rate of absorption from gastro-intestinal epithelium. In addition, its low pKa value (the pKa_1 of CT was found to be 6.7, while those of all other compounds investigated were between 9.0—9.2) may also affect its rate of absorption. For all compounds given orally, the highest concentrations were found in the kidneys, though three patterns of tissue distribution were observed: CT, HCT and HCT-55 were all characterized by a specific affinity for the kidney tissue and very low levels in other organs; DSA was distributed rather non-specifically in various tissues; while for CT-S and HCT-16, equally high levels were found both in the kidneys and in the liver. When given orally, the rate of excretion of the compounds in the urine was found to be essentially parallel to the rapidity of disappearance from the gastro-intestinal tract, i.e., HCT-55 CT-S HCT HCT-16 CT. After intravenous injection, nearly all of the administered dose of CT-S and HCT was found in the first five-hour urine. The percentages of urinary excretion of HCT-55, HCT-16, CT, DSA and HCT-18 were found to be 92%, 84%, 79%, 58% and 29%, respectively. The possible relationships between the characteristics of the renal transport of these compounds and their diuretic potencies are discussed in some detail.


This paper focuses on the importance of evaluating educational technology for young people aged 10-18 in naturalistic classroom contexts. We present the Train the Teacher Model (TTM) which formalizes a model for IDC researchers to use when deploying and validating an educational system. Our key findings indicate the need to work in partnership with classroom teachers, providing both initial training and continued support. This will both result in more valuable research data, and address a gap in teachers' continued professional development. The TTM aims to ensure that teachers, students and researchers can benefit from innovative educational systems deployed m real classroom contexts.


The utility model relates to a combustion device for a kiln, a boiler, a gas producer or a burning furnace, in particular to a device for controlling environmental pollution and energy resource waste caused by the combustion in the kiln, the boiler, the gas producer or the burning furnace. The combustion device comprises a combustion chamber and a stepped fire grate, and the key technique of the combustion device is that the combustion chamber is divided into a reaction chamber and a reduction chamber. The fire grate comprises upper and lower hollow grate bars and hollow V-shaped grooves connected between the grate bars; wherein, the grate bars are communicated with the cavities of the V-shaped grooves, so that fluid channels are formed; catalyzer is poured in the upper V-shaped grooves; and a slit is arranged at the joint between each adjacent V-shaped grooves. A water storage box and a steam pot are assembled in the fire wall; wherein, the water storage box is orderly connected with a water level control box and a modifier box; the modifier box is communicated with the fluid channels, which are connected with the steam pot; the steam pot is connected with shunt tubes which are located at the lower levels of the reaction chamber and the reduction chamber; and the shunt tubes are provided with holes. The device can resist high temperature, save energy and radically control environmental pollution at the source.


Cassava was used as raw materials to produce alcohol. The technical conditions and parameters of alcohol production by uncooked materials fermentation were optimized by orthogonal experiments. In addition, the grinding degree of raw materials, mash concentration, the control of bacteria, and the change of reducing sugar and residual total sugar in the fermentation process were studied. The results showed that for industrialized production of alcohol by uncooked cassava fermentation by optimized techniques, the final fermentation period was 84 h, alcohol content of mature mash was 12.7 %vol, the content of residual reducing sugar was 0.15 %, and the content of reducing total sugar was 1.93 %.


Regulations have been placed to specify the maximum amount of electromagnetic interference from an implanted electronic device to keep the radio interference to minimum levels. The current work discusses inductively coupled non-PLL based approaches utilizing linear and non-linear modulation profiles to transmit data through frequency shift keying (FSK). The current paper also discusses the limitations phase locked loop based FSK modulators for creating spread spectrum signals. The circuits have been fabricated using 6 metal 0.18um CMOS technology.


The structure of terrorist threats (TT) in modern Russia is considered. The directions of direct and indirect influence of actually perfect terrorist acts and TT on population behavior, decision-making by investors, activity of law enforcement agencies, public and municipal administration bodies are analyzed. The role of information and communication threats, including concerning perception of regions ecology, ensuring efficiency of ecological management is shown. The directions of indirect influence of regions ecology on the TT levels for physical and legal entities are investigated.


The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) is evaluating the gasification characteristics of Eastern oil shales as a part of a cooperative agreement between the US Department of Energy and HYCRUDE Corporation to expand the data base on moving-bed hydroretorting of Eastern oil shales. Gasification of shale fines will improve the overall resource utilization by producing synthesis gas or hydrogen needed for the hydroretorting of oil shale and the upgrading of shale oil. Gasification characteristics of an Indiana New Albany oil shale have been determined over temperature and pressure ranges of 1600 to 1900/sup 0/F and 15 to 500 psig, respectively. Carbon conversion of over 95% was achieved within 30 minutes at gasification conditions of 1800/sup 0/F and 15 psig in a hydrogen/steam gas mixture for the Indiana New Albany oil shale. This paper presents the results of the tests conducted in a laboratory-scale batch reactor to obtain reaction rate data and in a continuous mini-bench-scale unit to obtain product yield data. 2 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.


Overlap of protected Areas happens here and there in China. Overlapping protected areas increase the costs and decrease the benefit of protected areas to rural people. In most cases,it worsens the poverty of local people. As a typical area of overlapping protected areas and extreme poverty,the Three-parallel Rivers Area of Yunnan Province in China is a good case in point. Legal and institutional defaults and exclusion of local participation caused by overlapping protected areas lead to more poverty,thereby environmental damages. Therefore,legislation reform and institutional design including ecological compensation, community co-management,and benefit-sharing in terms of ecological resources and traditional knowledge should be introduced when alleviating poverty caused by overlap of protected areas.


High speed railway turnout is an important signal equipment that is directly contacted with the high speed train. However, it is still in a simple way to deal with the faults of the control circuit by simple instruments and artificial experience. In order to realize the intelligence of the fault diagnosis method for the turnout control circuit, this paper summarizes 11 typical fault modes and 8 corresponding typical fault features. Then, according to the fuzzy theory and neural network, the fault diagnosis is respectively realized by multi factor fuzzy evaluation and three layer BP neural network model. But both two methods cannot solve this problem well. They still can't satisfactorily deal with the problem of false positives and false negatives, which threatens the safety of railway operations. Therefore, based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, this paper further proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of fault diagnosis on the information fusion decision-making level, and achieves the complementary fusion of the two methods, and also increases the accuracy of fault diagnosis. From the verification of the simulation experiments, the method is more accurate than any of the two simple methods of fault diagnosis, and it is promising to have a good application prospect in this field.


The present thesis provides and examination of the Greek imports from Al Mina dating from the end of the 9th to the end of the 7th centuries BC. Al Mina, located on the Orontes river in the Hatay province of Turkey, was excavated by L. Woolley in 1936 and 1937. In particular the large quantities of Greek imports recovered from the sites triggered a debate about the site's function and it's foundation date. In order to overcome past deficiencies the present thesis provides a detailed record of the Greek pottery recovered from the site. The fragments are analysed stylistically and dated in order to establish a local chronology. Further, a detailed statistical study of the whole assemblage, which comprises about 4800 pieces, reveals evidence for local consumption patterns and further sheds light on the ports external contacts during the 8th and 7th centuries BC. The study also entails a contextual analysis of specific Near Eastern sites in order to set Al Mina in its regional context. Three questions are of major concern in this respect: is it possible to identify the users of Greek pottery in the East in terms of their socio-economic background? Further, is Greek pottery better understood as a commodity or as a gift? Finally, What role does Greek tableware play within the trade with other commodities? The study illustrates that pottery primarily circulated within the lower social classes. It also highlighted a diverse pattern in which high quality products are circulating besides "mass ware". This can be understood as a diversification process that was initiated in order to reach a wider range of consumers.


Today's technology has amplified the interest in robotic systems andboosts the number of studies realized in this area. There are manystudies on robotic systems in several fields to make easy human lifein the literature. In this study, a robot hand is intended to repeatfinger movements depending upon flexible sensors mounted on anywearable glove. In the literature, various sensors that detect the fingermovement are used. The sensor that detects the angle of the fingers hasbeen shown to give high accuracy although cheap in present research.Moreover, by entering the sensor data into the open source interfaceprograming, it can be seen on the program how the hand of the robotmoves. Thanks to the example of robotic hand in this study is developedwith different materials and mechanisms, it is possible to carry outexperimental studies at low cost in places where it is inappropriate forhuman health and safety. The determinations related to robot handcontrol are performed with Arduino card.


Background. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are complex three-dimensional (3D) lesions with variable anatomies that present therapeutic challenges. The application of a patient-specific3D-printed model in preoperative planning and communication in medical practice can contribute to a complete understanding of the intracardiac and vascular anatomy. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the clinical value of a 3D CHD model in multidisciplinary discussions. Methods. Between August 2019 and April 2021, 19 patients with complex CHDs before surgery were prospectively enrolled in this study. Eight to 14 medical specialists participated in multidisciplinary discussions using patient-specific 3D models. A subjective satisfaction questionnaire, comprising 12 questions to be answered on a 10-point scale, was distributed. Results. Twenty 3D-printed anatomic models of 19 patients were used. The median age and weight of the enrolled patients were 0.8 years (range, 5 days to 43 years) and 9.6 kg (range, 2.8–54 kg), respectively. The most common underlying disease was a double outlet of the right ventricle. The mean scores for understanding spatial orientation, ease of communication between clinicians during discussions, prediction of surgical complications, and information additional to conventional 2D imaging were 9.4 ± 1.1, 9.4 ± 0.9, 9.0 ± 1.1, and 9.2 ± 0.4, respectively. The competency and comfort scores for each patient's surgical plan increased significantly after using the 3D-printed model (from 6.2 ± 1.6 to 9.2 ± 0.9,

 p

  < 0.001 and from 6.3 ± 1.6 to 9.2 ± 0.8,

 p

  < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions. Patient-specific 3D models, for patients with complex CHDs, improved the understanding of the disease and facilitated multidisciplinary discussions and surgical decision-making. However, because outcomes were mainly evaluated by subjective reports, the possibility of other unknown factors affecting the outcomes should be considered. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with D-1904-031-1024.


This study aimed at identifying the motivating and context variable in university students at the first year. 655 students took part at the study, being them both male and female, with age average ranging from 20,1 to 28,3, all of them enrolled in such courses as Business Administration, Business Management, Hospital Management, International Trade, Biology, Accounting, Physical Education, History, Journalism, Letters, Mathematics, Pedagogy, Advertising, Superior Teaching Formation, Information Technology and Tourism. A questionnaire presenting 14 closed questions and one open question was applied as an instrument. The questions focused on course prices, familiar income, expectancies and motivation to the course and it was delivered to the students at class time. The results showed that from the 655 students evaluated, 501 are very satisfied in regarding to their courses and, among the variables investigated, the financial aspect was the great obstacle for many of them to go on with their university study.


Earth system science has inherent interdisciplinary aspects. In the marine environment, biogeochemical, ecological, and physical climate science processes interact strongly. Examples of these interactions are feedbacks between variations in the marine carbon cycle and radiative forcing in the atmosphere, variations in the distribution of tuna related to El Nino Southern Oscillation, and the distribution of nutrients in ventilated water masses that are subject to climate variability.

International research programs recognize the importance of these interactions but are organized primarily along disciplinary sciences. The Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) project of the World Climate Research Program has a focus on the physical aspects of the climate system, and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) and Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) projects of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme focus on both biogeochemistry and ecosystems research. In an attempt to link research on physical climate variability with marine environmental research, IMBER, GLOBEC, and CLIVAR organized training for young marine scientists in Brest, France.


Vast marine area possesses over 3/4 of the global surface, where human activities occur more and more. Over 90% of imported crude oil in China is transported by oil tankers, which comprise the main part of vessel fleets in the China seas. Fishery is another human activity in the oceans, which is related to resource management and EEZ protection. Both maritime traffic and fishery law enforcement need an efficient monitoring technology over vast ocean surface, while vessel detection and recognition are the primary requirement in the maritime monitoring. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has shown its capability to detect vessels in the ocean since the launch of SAR satellites (C. Liu and P.W. Vachon, 2004). With the hi-resolution SAR satellites launched during the last 3 years, it becomes possible to reveal more ship features in the SAR images and classify various ships (H. Greidanus and N. Kourti, 2006, G. Margarit, et al., 2006).


In this manuscript, we discuss the importance of using accurate weather forecasts based on remote sensing observations for improving the accuracy of electric distribution grid power outage prediction. Weather variable accuracy is critical to limit the significant power outage modeling errors arising from the strong non-linearities in the relationships between hydrometeorological variables and power outages. We consolidate recent findings related to the most important variables for outage prediction, and to the propagation of their uncertainties in the University of Connecticut Outage Prediction Model (UConn-OPM). UConn-OPM is an operational machine learning-based framework predicting power outage in electric distribution networks. Combining remote sensing datasets with weather analysis used for OPM training, and post-storm verification, would directly contribute to improving the OPM prediction accuracy.


Introduction: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is used as a measure of overall renal function. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) based estimation of GFR requires a 24-hour collection of urine which is cumbersome and time consuming. Instead, Schwartz formula is used for the estimation of GFR based on calculations. It is an estimate of GFR (eGFR) in children, derived from body length (L, in cm), serum creatinine (Scr, in mg/dL) and a constant (k = 0.55): GFR = (0.55 × L) /Scr. However, it is important to cross validate this equation before using it in Sri Lankan children.  Objective: To cross validate the use of Schwartz formula against CrCl, in a paediatric population in determining the glomerular function. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Forty seven children with chronic kidney disease from medical wards and nephrology clinic and 26 healthy children, between the ages of 3-12 years were recruited. In these patients GFR was determined using CrCl and calculated GFR by Schwartz formula using serum creatinine measure. The CrCl values were compared against eGFR derived from Schwartz formula. Correlation and limits of agreement between the two methods were evaluated. Results: Although a weak but statistically significant correlation (r = 0.476, P Conclusions : A weak but statistically significant correlation was seen between eGFR based on CrCl and eGFR derived from Schwartz formula. (Key words: Glomerular function, glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, Schwartz formula) Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health , 2017; 46 (2): 155-159


Objective To explore the ideal methods for proliferation, isolation and identification of marine bacteria. Methods After being cultured and proliferated in 8 different kinds of culture media, the marine bacteria were subcultured with 11 different preferential culture media, single colonies were then selected to be identified by VITEK-AMS, API system, BIOMIC Vision as well as complementary manual biochemical methods. Result An amount of 72 species, 411 strains of marine bacteria and fungi were isolated and identified from the seawater samples collected from near sea territory of China, among them Vibrio (177 strains, 43.1%) was the major bacteria. Alkaline peptone solution (pH 8.5) and Halobacterium salinarium culture medium were preferential media for proliferation, and then TCBS and blood medium were used for isolation and subculture. Nutrient broth No.2 was efficacious for culturing other bacteria, and blood medium and TCBS medium were used for isolation. Sabouraud dextrose agar was suitable for culturing fungi, and Sabouraud plant medium for isolation. The best results in identification of marine bacteria could be achieved by the way of combining VITEK-AMS with API system, BIOMIC Vision and complementary manual methods. Conclusion There are a great variety of bacteria and fungi in the sea water. Different kinds of bacteria should be cultured and identified by different medium or culture liquid. The way of combining VITEK-AMS with API system,BIOMIC Vision and complementary manual methods is an ideal method for identification of marine bacteria.


Eight halogenated hydroxyl diphenyl ethers were designed and synthesized,and all of these halogenated hydroxyl diphenyl ethers had both chlorine and bromine as their substituents.All of them were reported for the first time and their structures were confirmed by ()~1H NMR,MS,IR data and elemental analysis.The bactericidal test showed that these compounds possess potential antimicrobial activity on the testing bacterium.


Performance analysis of an opto-electronic packet switch using combined SDM and WDM are presented. The simulations consider a switch connected to 7-core fibers. We point out the benefits of this configuration in various traffic distributions in terms of sustainable load, latency and energy savings for several packet classes.