pg. 2 Chapter 1: Introduction pg. 4 Statement of the Problem pg. 5 Purpose of the Study pg. 6 Rationale for the Study pg. 6 Research Question pg. 7 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature pg. 8 Transition Planning pg. 8 Self-Determination pg. 14 Teacher Attitudes pg. 22 Summary pg. 28 Chapter 3: Methods pg. 29 Research Question pg. 29 Research Design pg. 29 Settings and Participants pg. 29 Procedures pg. 30 Teacher Questionnaire pg. 30 Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Results pg. 32 Chapter 5: Discussion pg. 39 References pg. 42 Appendices pg. 48 Teacher Attitudes and Transition Planning 4 Chapter 1: Introduction The school years can often seem as though there are transitions of varying levels: from preschool to elementary school, elementary school to middle school, middle school to high school and high school to post-secondary endeavors (Test, 2012). These transitions often are accompanied by anxiety and stress which increases with each level of transition. With this in consideration, secondary transition was designed to provide services and supports to individuals with disabilities to help the transition to adulthood be as seamless as possible (Rusch & Braddock, 2004). Transition planning is intended to be an outcome oriented process with the goal of preparing students for their post-school lives (Kohler & Field, 2003). The Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act of 2004 mandates that measurable post-secondary goals should be established and updated on an annual basis in order to determine the progress that students are making toward transition planning (US Department of Education, 2004). These goals should be based on each student's strengths, weaknesses, preferences and individual interests in reference to how they intend to transition to adulthood. When planning for transition services it is important for educators to assist students with developing self-determination skills. Self-determination is defined as skills that empower students to make their own decisions regarding the quality of life that they desire. It is important to promote self-determination while preparing the transition plan because this is when the students and their parents are actively involved in planning for the students' futures following school (Shogren, 2013). Teachers often have a difficult time instructing the core curriculum which includes; reading/language arts, math, science and social studies, while simultaneously preparing students to meet the transition goals identified and agreed upon during the Individual Education Program (IEP) meeting (Thoma, Bartholomew & Scott, 2009). Teachers can create an Teacher Attitudes and Transition Planning 5 atmosphere of learning by incorporating a variety of instructional approaches, utilizing technology and encouraging student involvement in community-based opportunities (Thoma, Bartholomew & Scott, 2009). Positive attitudes among educators regarding transition planning and self-determination instruction is paramount to the success of students transitioning to adulthood. Statement of the Problem As previously stated, teachers often find it difficult to incorporate self-determination instruction with core curriculum instruction because they are unsure of the most meaningful way to accomplish this. Teachers often fail to incorporate self-determination instruction because they are not sure that this will lead to positive outcomes for students and those who do incorporate it often withdraw this instruction if they feel as though they are not making progress (Shogren, 2013). In addition, time constraints continue to be an obstacle for self-determination instruction mainly because teachers often feel as though they do not have enough time to focus on core curriculum instruction. Teachers are required to teach and master the core curriculum and due to this competing demand, it would be beneficial to provide training on the importance of selfdetermination (Shogren, 2013). It is significant that teachers be active participants when learning about self-determination and it is suggested that teachers be provided with instruction on how to incorporate selfdetermination instruction with the core curriculum (Karvonen, Test, Wood, Browder & Algozzine, 2004). This can be accomplished by providing in-service training and professional development activities focusing on self-determination instruction. There are five suggested indicators of the self-determination skills of teachers including: 1) knowing themselves and their Teacher Attitudes and Transition Planning 6 students, 2) valuing themselves, 3) putting their knowledge and beliefs into a plan, 4) putting their plan into action and 5) evaluating their efforts (Field & Hoffman, 2002a). Teachers who have self-awareness, self-management skills and goal-setting experience should be able to use these attributes to create a learning atmosphere that allows for effective instruction on selfdetermination (Field & Hoffman, 2002a). Teachers who are confident with their own selfdetermination skills can be excellent role models for students who lack self-determination. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to investigate teacher attitudes and perceptions regarding selfdetermination instruction as a component of transition planning during the IEP process. By utilizing surveys completed by teachers in a rural high school in an impoverished area of southern West Virginia, this study will address the question of how teacher attitudes and perceptions are directly related to their knowledge of transition planning. For the purpose of this research, self-determination will be defined as actions that are identified by four essential characteristics: (a) the student acts autonomously, (b) the behavior(s) are self-regulated, (c) the student initiates and responds to the event(s) in a socially appropriate manner and (d) the student acts in a self-realizing manner. These actions may include, but are not limited to, classroom assignments, extra-curricular activities and social interactions with peers and staff members. Rational for the Study It is legally required to provide instruction to students with disabilities in accordance to the Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act of 2004 (US Department of Education, 2004), but it is also imperative to incorporate self-determination instruction with the 21 st Century standards that are taught on a daily basis. This gives students the opportunity to learn functional skills that Teacher Attitudes and Transition Planning 7 will become very important in their postsecondary environments. Transition planning is a legal requirement of the IEP process and educators are beginning to recognize the importance of transition planning as more than just a component of the IEP. Effective and appropriate transition planning during the IEP process often forges the future pathway for students receiving special education services and helps them become functional adults.


In mechanism design theory, agents' types are described as their private information, and the designer may reveal some public information to affect agents' types in order to obtain more payoffs. Traditionally, both each agent's private type and the public information are represented as a random variable respectively. In this paper, we propose a type-adjustable mechanism where each agent's private type is represented as a function of two parameters, \emph{i.e.}, his intrinsic factor and an external control factor. Each agent's intrinsic factor is modeled as a private random variable, and the external control factor is modeled as a solution of the designer's optimization problem. The advantage of the type-adjustable mechanism is that by choosing an optimal value of control factor as public information, the designer may obtain Pareto-optimal outcomes, beneficial not only to herself but also to all agents. As a comparison, in an auction with interdependent values where the public information is represented as a random variable, only the seller will benefit from public information. In the end, we compare the type-adjustable mechanism with other relevant models.


Unscented Kalman filtering is an important nonlinear filtering method.However,the application of the KF to nonlinear systems can be quite difficult.Using the principle that a set of discretely sampled points can be used to parameterize mean and covariance,the unscented Kalman filtering yields performance equivalent to the Kalman Filtering for linear systems yet generalizes elegantly to nonlinear systems without the linearization steps required by the extended Kalman filtering.This paper according to the model and the filter algorithm,the simulation experiments about the movement of the maneuvering target is done.To the conclude from the analyses of the simulation,the unscented Kalman filtering has high accuracy in tracking.With the comparison to the extended Kalman filtering,the unscented Kalman filtering has the less error of the tracking.


Since implementation of ecological water transport in emergency into lower reaches of Tarim River in 2000,the transporting water amount accumulated to 17.64×10~(8)m~(3) from Daxihaizi Reservoir for 5 years,the improved ecological area reached as 800 km~(2),the replenishment amount of groundwater was 11×10~(8)m~(3) through setting up the second diversion system from Bosten Lake,comprehensively control the upper and middle reaches and improving water-saving system of irrigation districts.Thus,seasonal water flow in courses of lower reaches and seeper of end-lake were realized,and the groundwater level has been re-raised,the water flow system has initially come back in lower reaches of Tarim River.This is the important factor maintaining the stabilization of the green corridor of lower reaches in extremely arid desert ecosystem.It is still expected resuscitating and extending of ecological vegetation covers for the green corridor in order to bring ecological function into fullplay.Therefore,green corridor still needs transporting water continuously every year so as to directly prevent and control sand disasters.


The integrated navigation system combining microwave with long wave is an important trend of modern navigation system,but there is not an effective positioning model because of calculation complexity of long wave range.We designed a long-wave/microwave integrated pseudorange positioning model theoretically,and solved the problems existed in engineering realization.Then we carried out simulations for comparing this model with GPS navigation model,and the result showed that the model designed here can not only implement navigation calculation,but also guarantee higher precision.


This study investigated the influence of the interaction between personality traits and consumer trust in online shopping behavior. The study included 120 subjects who ever did shopping in online shop and and lived in Jakarta. The research conducted at july 2013 employed quantitative approach with the regression analysis. The samples were selected using a nonprobability accidental sampling method. The instrument consisted of two scales: consumers trust and scale of big five personality traits. The result showed, there is significant effect between the big five personality traits toward consumers trust for shopping in online shop. Regression equation obtained: Y = 38,315 + 0,044 X1 + 0,076 X2 + 0,406 X3 + 0,269 X4 + 0,067 X5, which means there is a positive effect between the big five personality traits toward consumers trust for shopping in online shop with the value F = 4,618; p = 0,001 < 0.05 (significant). The amount of effect (Adjustment R Square) to the occurrence of the big five personality traits and consumers trust for shopping in online shop is 0,132 meaning the big five personality traits affect the consumers trust for shopping in online shop by 13,2% and the remaining 86,8% affected by another factors, outside of the big five personality traits.


PURPOSE
Debate about the potential implementation of Spiral-CT in diagnostic algorithms of pulmonary embolism are often focussed on sensitivity and specificity in the context of comparative methodologic studies. We intend to investigate whether additional factors might influence this debate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
On the basis of the current literature and of own experience we study the influence of factors such as availability, acceptance, patient-outcome, and cost effectiveness-studies on the potential implementation of Spiral-CT in diagnostic algorithms of pulmonary embolism. This information is analyzed together with data from comparative methodologic studies.

RESULTS
The factors availability, acceptance, patient-outcome, and cost-effectiveness-studies do have substantial influence on the implementation of Spiral-CT in the diagnostic algorithms of pulmonary embolism. Incorporation of these factors into the discussion might lead to more flexible and more patient-oriented algorithms for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

CONCLUSION
Availability of equipment, acceptance among clinicians, patient-outcome, and cost-effectiveness evaluations should be implemented into the debate about potential implementation of Spiral-CT in routine diagnostic imaging algorithms of pulmonary embolism.


The characteristics of the Wartsilar Sulzer's RT-Flex low-speed intelligent diesel engine were analyzed.Compared with MAN B W's ME low-speed intelligent diesel engine,the RT-Flex low-speed intelligent diesel engine was analyzed in the design of the difference.A comprehensive analysis of the RT-Flex engine from views of the structure of common rail and the control strategy were carried out.


The magnesium catalysed Diels–Alder reaction of 2-benzoylacrylate
gave the endo-adduct enantioselectively with bis(oxazoline) 5 as
a C
 2
-symmetric ligand or mono(oxazoline) 4 as
a non-C
 2
-symmetric ligand.


Debris flow can be described by Bingham model. Finite-volume technique is employed forsolving the equations of momentum and continuity. In numerical simulations, the minimum depthof the debris flow can be obtained. If the flow depth is less than the minimum depth, the debrisflow would stagnate until boundary conditions have changed. Ten different viscosity samples wereused in our numerical simulations. With help of the results, laws were derived putting theminimum depth of debris flow in relation to slope, viscosity and velocity. These laws were provedby tests and field observations.


The present economic gloom and its overall dampening effect on industry's investment in new plant and equipment, has at least highlighted a trend which was beginning to emerge over the past five years—an increasing demand for automated blasting equipment. The reasons are all too obvious. Firstly the need for many manufacturing organisations, for reasons of costs, to reduce the amount of skilled labour required in certain stages of production. Secondly maintaining their quality standard (or even improving them) and lastly being able to increase output when necessary.


Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This new disease is a challenge for the managers of health care facilities and mortuaries. It has impacted the practice of whole medical community. Though there is literature available on route of transmission of virus and time span for which virus is active on surfaces but there is no data available on how long the virus lives in and is active on the surface of a dead body. Thus, the health care professionals who handle cadavers and their specimens should use professional judgment to determine if a decedent had signs and symptoms compatible with COVID-19 during life and if autopsy is mandatory. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) have issued guidelines on dead body management and collection of postmortem specimens which should be observed in mortuary area and laboratories to limit the spread of disease among health care workers.


This paper introduces an efficient rain removal algorithm by including the contrast restoration method. Since the rain streaks in rainy image exist in the high frequency parts, many conventional rain removal algorithms first decompose the input rainy image into the base (low-frequency) layer and the detail (high-frequency) layer and then perform rain removal on the detail layer rather than on the entire image. However, the conventional algorithms have a problem that they cannot remove the contrast variation. For this reason, our method also considers the contrast enhancement on the base layer. We further estimate and eliminate the contrast variation on the base layer by low-pass filtering the approximated rain streaks. Although the low frequency components contain not only the contrast variation but also the basic information of the image, our method can distinguish the contrast variation from the base layer and remove them automatically. Visual and quantitative experiments demonstrate our approach has the high efficiency and outperforms previous rain removal algorithm.


Diabesity' is a term for diabetes occurring in the context of obesity. The positive effect of LCHF diets (low carb, high fat diets) is well documented: LCHF diets are at least as effective as other dietary strategies for reducing body weight, improving glycaemic control and reducing both hyperinsulinaemia and blood glucose (reduction of HbA1c) in type 2 diabetes and have unique positive effects on blood lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk factors1. Also, in obese insulin-resistant women, food fried in extravirgin olive oil significantly reduced both insulin and C-peptide responses after a meal2. In this case study, I show how combining both dietary strategies produces a strong effect on blood glucose, resulting in a "forced" reduction of exogenous insulin injection to avoid the problem of hypoglycaemia. Blood tests after 3 months of this dietary treatment show how HbA1c, triglycerides and blood lipid profile (LDL, HDL, total Cholesterol) are improved despite reduction of exogenous insulin injection of 80%. Also, body weight decrease of 15%. For continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) the patient used FreeStyle Libre before and after the dietary treatment. In order to check general body functions and glycosuria the patient used the urine test Multistix 10 SG Siemens.


Canola seed (CS) having 20, 45 and 65% frost damage was fed at dietary levels up to 30% to 144 pigs of 23 ± 1 kg initial weight to determine the effects of processing on feeding value. In exp. 1, 10, 20 and 30% levels of each lot of CS were fed to barrows (M) and gilts (F) up to 100 kg liveweight. Average daily gain (ADG) increased with increasing frost damage (0.75, 0.77, 0.78 kg). Similarly, feed intake (FI) increased (2.19, 2.27 and 2.35 kg day−1). Feed-adjusted ADG were equal. ADG and FI were reduced at the 30% level in diet compared with 10%. A palatability effect is postulated. Glucosinolate levels declined with increasing frost damage. In exp. 2, 45% frost-damaged CS was fed at 30% of the diet to M and F pigs up to 57 kg liveweight to compare whole vs. ground CS, fed as meal or pellets. Grinding depressed FI but not ADG. Pelleting improved ADG but not FI. Both processes improved feed:gain ratio. In exp. 3, diets containing 45% frost-damaged, ground CS, with and without ammoniation (0.5% NH3), were ...


The approach to information systems development is changing. A new approach, prototyping, is gaining popularity among practitioners in the field. Twelve information systems development projects using the prototyping approach were studied. For each project, the project manager and at least one systems analyst were interviewed. The underlying premises for prototyping and the interview findings concerning the advantages, practicability, and organizational requirements of prototyping are discussed in this article. With growing experience in the use of the approach and the broader availability of powerful software tools, it is timely to consider using prototyping for information systems development.


Purpose

The legacy of colonisation and apartheid in South Africa has resulted in a radical challenge to the public universities. The successful #FeesMustFall campaign that took place in 2015 accentuated several aspects of post-apartheid transformation that have not been adequately attended to. The public universities are now faced with meeting the needs of students and interested parties who would like to see transformation at various levels, in particular, the decolonisation of knowledge. This paper aims to present an approach to address the decolonisation of knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

Shifting universities' approach to teaching and learning is a challenging endeavour, especially as it entails an embrace of previously ignored worldviews. Taking a metaphoric approach, an analysis of this problem is presented in systemic terms from a family therapy approach adhering to second-order cybernetics. A solution to bridging the disconnect between the participants in the decolonisation of knowledge in a South African context is presented.

Findings

Early successes were attained on the back of a therapeutic approach to meeting the needs of students who took part in curriculum and policy changes. The findings suggest that for a transformation to take place, all the participants in the university should acknowledge that the problem (which may have different forms) is a shared one and that decolonisation requires the participants to learn about other participants in the system. Reflecting on historical narratives and its present status quo from the epistemology of the directly affected parties is suggested as an indispensable step that should occur prior to the implementation of any solutions. Without the reflection process, the other members of the system may not understand the context and reasoning for the decolonisation, resulting in friction and fear, in turn mitigating the decolonisation process.

Research limitations/implications

Methods of empathetically engaging people who have been discriminated against is important in the goal of restoring equality and social justice. Family therapy is presented as a vehicle for communal dialogue in a therapeutic empathetic context. This approach has value in many settings other than in the education arena.

Social implications

Legacies of apartheid are still in effect in the South African public university system. Decolonising knowledge is one topic that may address social justice which helps to diffuse social tension and subsequent protest action.

Originality/value

Family therapy as an approach to decolonisation of knowledge and as an approach to appeasing social tension in the educational context is unique.


Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory disease. There is no recommended antiviral treatment approved for COVID-19 in Sierra Leone, and supportive care and protection of vital organ function are performed for the patients. This study summarized the clinical characteristics, drug treatments, and risk factors for the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone to provide evidence for the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: Data of 180 adult COVID-19 patients from the 34th Military Hospital in Freetown Sierra Leone between March 31, 2020 and August 11, 2020 were retrospectively collected. Patients with severe and critically ill are classified in the severe group, while patients that presented asymptomatic, mild, and moderate disease were grouped in the non-severe group. The clinical and laboratory information was retrospectively collected to assess the risk factors and treatment strategies for severe COVID-19. Demographic information, travel history, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory detection results, chest examination findings, therapeutics, and clinical outcomes were collected from each case file. Multivariate logistic analysis was adopted to identify the risk factors for deaths. Additionally, the clinical efficacy of dexamethasone treatment was investigated. Results: Seventy-six (42.22%) cases were confirmed with severe COVID-19, while 104 patients (57.78%) were divided into the non-severe group. Fever (56.67%, 102/180) and cough (50.00%, 90/180) were the common symptoms of COVID-19. The death rate was 18.89% (34/180), and severe pneumonia (44.12%, 15/34) and septic shock (23.53%, 8/34) represented the leading reasons for deaths. The older age population, a combination of hypertension and diabetes, the presence of pneumonia, and high levels of inflammatory markers were significantly associated with severity of COVID-19 development (P < 0.05 for all). Altered level of consciousness [odds ratio (OR) = 56.574, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.645–566.940, P = 0.001], high levels of neutrophils (OR = 1.341, 95%CI 1.109–1.621, P = 0.002) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 1.014, 95%CI 1.003–1.025, P = 0.016) might be indicators for COVID-19 deaths. Dexamethasone treatment could reduce mortality [30.36% (17/56) vs. 50.00% (10/20)] among severe COVID-19 cases, but the results were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The development and prognosis of COVID-19 may be significantly correlated with consciousness status, and the levels of neutrophils and CRP.


Using Eucommia ulmoides leaves, vinegar grape, sugar as the main raw material, taking chlorogenic acid's content and comparison of appraisal sense organ flavor as the basis of evaluation. natural fermentation drinks which is collecting treatment, adjustment, health care and nutrition Generalized analysis various working procedures and its working procedure parameter to product quality influence through the method which the single factor experiment and the orthogonal design experiment unifies. Finally determines the best craft route and parameter, the best formula. Through experiment, determine tthe best prescription finally: Cortex Eucommiae extracts the liquid 10 mL, the vinegar grape 5 mL , cane sugar 9%.


Nowadays there are several types of entry points for new student admissions at tertiary institutions. There are many ways that every prospective student can prepare to pass the PTN entrance selection exam. Therefore the research aim to predict the graduation of tertiary entrance by classification method using the SVM algorithm (Support Vector Machine) which is assisted by WEKA machine learning, using data of new students in the 2019 school year. The final results in this study there are two variables that have the most relationship both the PTN entry selection tutoring variable and the interest pathway variable, with the PTN entry selection tutoring variable having a Pearson correlation value of -0.180 ** and a significance value of 0.002, the interest pathway having an accuracy value of 0.311 ** and a significance value of 0,000. Then based on the results of cross-validation testing and percentage split SVM algorithm has very good accuracy with an average accuracy of 99% with an AUC (Area Under Curve) value of 0.9907


The human epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a trimer composed of different combinations of 4 subunits (α, β, γ, and δ). Recent research in mice and rats has demonstrated the role of vascular αβγ‐ENaC in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. However, the absence of the δ subunit in these animal models makes it difficult to translate these findings into clinical settings. In this study, we aimed to characterise the expression and function of ENaC subunits in human arteries and their potential role in hypertension.


The paper presents the most deterministic method of EMF temporal function harmonic analysis in electric machines. It is based on numerical calculations of rotary magnetic fields and utilization of instantaneous values of magnetic linkage. The method is applied to comparative harmonic analysis of the EMF in three-phase windings of two turbogenerators with different number of the stator slots in the idle mode and under load.


By chronically implanting optical fibers and measuring each modality over time, the relationship between changes in animal behavior and changes in each modality can be clarified. While there are some challenges to the practical application of optical fiber. First, the video of neural activity obtained by optical fiber is a mixture of changes in fluorescent signals accompanying neural activity and the fiber's autofluorescence; hence the obtained neural image is first smoothed by a Gaussian function. A minimum value image is created for the smoothed input image, which is used as the background image to compensate for autofluorescence. In addition, the optical fiber inserted into the brain of a mouse shifts its position as the mouse moves, because the measurement is performed under free-running conditions, hence the differential image using the input image is generated in the marker domain as a pre-processing step. Template matching and angle/position correction of the marker are applied to the signal domain in the actual processing section to obtain corrected neural activity data. As a result, the amount of cell migration significantly improved due to the cell migration correction. This algorithm increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the data, enables observation of the same neurons over a long period, such as two hours, and makes detecting neural activity more accurate with the correction. In the future, we plan to correspond with the obtained activity to video images of mouse behavior to be taken separately.


Objective: Determine effects of berberine (BBR) on bloog glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1, serum insulin, C – peptide, insulin resistance and β– cell physiology. Study Design: Experimental study Place and Duration: Department of Physiology Isra University and Animal house of Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam from August 2019 to February 2020. Original Research Article Khoharo et al.; JPRI, 32(36): 36-41, 2020; Article no.JPRI.62835 37 Methodology: A sample of 100 adult Wistar male rats was selected according to criteria of study and divided into 5 groups through random technique. Group A – negative controls (N/S 0.9%), Group B – positive control (diabetic rats – Alloxan 120 mg/kg) (i.p), Group C – E; Diabetic rat + BBR (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) respectively. Blood samples were collected from retro-orbital venous plexus by capillary tube. Sera were separated at 3000 rpm (15 minutes). Insulin resistance (HOMAIR) and β – cell secretory activity (HOMA-β) were calculated by mathematical formula. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 21.0 (IBM, incorporation, USA) at 95% CI (P≤ 0.05). Results: The present study noted significant improvement of fasting and random blood glucose, glycated HbA1, serum insulin and C –peptide, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β – cell physiology. Conclusion: Berberine (BBR) ameliorates the bloog glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1, serum insulin, c – peptide, insulin resistance and β– cell physiology.


The high connecting arc-shaped structure of the larger span adopts box beam structural formation,because of the large self-weight of the building,it is hard to control the strut deformation at construction stage.The strut construction design adopts the method that the box beam and the steel structure strut coordinatied deform together,the observation result satisfy requirement completely.


In this work, we examine the factors allowing or disallowing French Complex Event Nominals (CENs, i.e. deverbal nominals displaying argument and aspectual structures, Grimshaw 1990) to occur in the plural when denoting a plurality of events. Our claim is that French CENs can occur in the plural in such cases (Meinschaefer 2005; Roodenburg 2006; Sleeman & Brito 2010), and thus behave as count nouns. However, a restricted subclass does not exhibit number variation, similarly to other non-count nouns. To account for the distribution of nominal plurality, we rely on lexical aspect. We show that the CENs that do not admit pluralization are strictly atelic: they nominalize strictly stative verbs or push-verbs (Verkuyl 1993). Conversely, CENs derived from any other aspectual verb class can appear in the plural, even when they nominalize atelic VPs, provided these also have a telic use. This leads to a restatement of the role of boundedness previously invoked to account for the relationship between verbal (a)telicity and nominal [±count] distinction (Bach 1976; Mourelatos 1978; Krifka 1989), that linked the [±count] property of the derived event nominal to the actual (a)telicity of the VP. Since the distribution of plural just described is proper to CENs, which have an internal verbal structure, we suggest that it deserves a syntactic analysis. Our hypothesis is that [–count] CENs derive from verbs that are deprived of AspQP (Borer 1993; 2005). This results in turn in the absence of ClP and NumP in the nominal layers. The absence of ClP accounts for the fact that [–count] CENs do not behave as regular mass nouns.


Discusses the gaps in the regulation of insider dealing left by the criminal law and self-regulatory organisations and mechanisms. Examines the criminal or civil status of the market abuse regime under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 Part VIII, focusing on its classification for the purposes of the European Convention on Human Rights Act 1950 and the domestic legal system, and the standard of proof required. Explores, by way of visual representation, the coverage of insider dealing regulations, the regulatory gaps that exist and whether they are filled by the market abuse regime, considering the seriousness of insider dealing, the severity of sanction and the standard of proof.


Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a common disorder of posture and movement caused by a non-progressive injury to the developing brain. Based on the degree of brain lesion the child can have hemiplegia , spastic diplegia or even total cerebral palsy Achilles tendon spasticity, weakness, or contracture in these conditions may lead to gait abnormalities. Achilles tendon plays an important role in performing plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of structured exercises for Achilles tendon tightness prevailing in spastic cerebral palsy children. A total 34 subjects was selected for the study. Inclusion and exclusion crieteria were used to select the children for the study. Children of ages between 2 to 6 years of both sex were also considered for the study. The subjects who were not included in the study were those not willing to participate, individual's history of acute trauma or with any congenital musculoskeletal problems, previous surgery or pain in the lower limbs, Vision and hearing problems and Cardio-respiratory problems. Demographic data, assent and consent was taken from the child and their parents, respectively and the explanation of the study was given. Pre and post assessment was taken on the basis of Tardieu scale before and after 16 sessions of the treatment respectively. Each session was of 45 mins and was started with warm exercises and then functional exercises were carried out. Later evaluation and interpretation of the data was done. The study revealed that there was significant effect of structured exercises for Achilles tendon tightness in subjects with spastic cerebral palsy. The structured exercise for Achilles tendon tightness was very effective in improving the gait and strength of the spastic cerebral palsy children.


In this thesis a numerical model to simulate the burnup and neutronics in a MSR (Molten Salt Reactor) has been used. Both a 1-zone core as well as a 2-zone core for improved breeding have been investigated. Simulation is done with the SCALE code system in combination with a burnup code LOWFAT. Aim of this study is to find a core that can operate at the highest power density within certain constraints. Different constraints are set, with respect to sustainability, safety and feasibility. This led to constraints for breeding (at least a self-breeder) graphite lifetime (>10 y), temperature feedback (<-1 pcm/K) initial fissile load and radiotoxicity of the TRUs (Trans-Uranic Elements) in the used salt. First a 1-zone core is compared to a PWR (Pressurised Water Reactor) in terms of radiotoxicity of TRUs. Results show a much cleaner energy production for the thorium fuel cycle used in a MSR compared to the uranium fuel cycle in a PWR. Also different self-breeder 1-zone MSRs are run for four cycles of 50 years, cleaning the salt from FP (Fission Products) in between cycles, to investigate effects on the breeding gain (BG) and radiotoxicity. The buildup of actinides in the salt during the cycles causes the BG to drop over time. A parametric study dividing a MSR into two zones radially with different graphite to salt volume ratios to improve breeding is done. The 2-zone MSR uses the same salt composition and chemical reprocessing scheme as the 1-zone MSR. Results show that due to a large increase in BG the 2-zone MSR is capable of operating at higher power densities while staying a selfbreeder compared to a 1-zone MSR. As a drawback graphite lifetime is shortened, as power production is concentrated mostly in one zone. MSc. Thesis Frederik de Vogel


The existence of primordial germ cell.; which migrate into thc anlage of the gonad during early embryonic development has been recognized in all groups of vertebrates, although it is still a matter of dispute as to wlietlier or not the definitive gonial cells are derived wholly or in par t from migratory elements. Among mammals these cells have been described in the guinea-pig, rabbit, mole, armadillo, pig, cat, and man (Felis, Fuss, Rubaschkiii, Vaiiiiemaii). Tlie vvorli on the human is quite fragmentary, Fuss' account being the nearest complete. The p r e s d description is based on a single embryo, but T am presenting, 1 believe for tlie first time, photomicrograph s of the cells aiid a diagram of their distribution. Tlie embryo is 4.5-mm. crown-rump length, obtained by laparotomy from a ruptured tuba1 pregnancy. I received the unopened ovum, still in the injured tube, shortly aftcr the operation and less than 3 hours after the tube's rupture. Fixation was with Bouiii's, the sections were stained with iron haematoxylin and eosin. Tlie circumstances, together m-iih the appearance of the sections, warrant the statement that the embryo is eiitirely normal in development aiicl that post mortern changes are absent. I express liere my sincere thanks to Dr. Raymond 31. Borland, of Blooiiiington, Indiana, for his kindness in donating this most valuable specimen.


Alf Ross has strongly criticized Kelsen's conception of validity. According to Ross, Kelsen's validity is the quality of a norm that is not only legally, but also morally binding. Thus, according to this analysis, Kelsen is not a true positivist but simply a quasi-positivist. The purpose of this paper is to show that this critique is unfair: it is true that Kelsen identifies validity and bindingness, but for him the binding character of the norm is not absolute, but only relative to a higher norm. We are therefore under a legal obligation to obey a particular norm; but under no obligation to obey the law, taken globally. Nevertheless, Ross's critique has the merit of drawing our attention to the difficulty in defining the object of an empirical legal science.


A new species of Liparis, L. sanamalabarica (Orchidaceae) is described based on specimens collected in the Wayanad Forests of southern Western Ghats, India. A line drawing, photographs of the new taxon, information about the habitat and its conservation status are also provided.


A new catalytic synthesis of Cyclamen-aldehyde (3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal) has been developed. The devised synthetic approach entails as the key step the asymmetric hydrogenation of (E)-3-(4- isopropylphenyl)-2-methyl acrylic acid which has been carried out with ees of about 60% by using a catalytic system prepared by combining in situ (Ru(C 6 H 6 )Cl 2 ) 2 and (S)-MeO-BIPHEP.


The optimum extraction parameters of Malaysian brown seaweed, Sargassum sp. were determined by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Central Composite Face-centered Design (CCFD) was used to study the influence of extraction temperature (40-60°C), extraction time (60-180 minute) and liquid to solid ratio (20-40 mL/g) on total phenolic content (TPC) of Sargassum sp. dried extracts. The statistical analysis of the experiment indicated that extraction temperatue and time had significant effect on Sargassum sp. total phenolic contents (TPC). The CCFD showed that quadratic regression models were in good agreement with the experimental results with the coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.8066 for Sargassum sp. TPC. The extraction temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 180 minute and liquid-solid ratio of 40 mL/g were the most efficient for the extraction of polyphenols from Sargassum sp. dried powder.


A nonionic emulsion based on silicone amino elastomer technology enhances hair conditioning and styling, as demonstrated in tests of combing force, curl retention, sensory characteristics, thermal protection and frizz control.


Knowledge service is the key link to promote the upgrading of science and technology innovation, professional education and publishing industry. This paper mainly expounds the access mode of knowledge resources on knowledge aggregation and service platform. The classification and investigation of the massive knowledge resources are carried out. This paper proposes an "embedded" resource access mode of knowledge service platform, which solves the common problem of copyright authorization in the process of resource access for building knowledge aggregation and service platform, and provides a solution for copyright organizations to realize self-supporting without handing over copyright. Based on the "embedded" access mode, Wanfang Data has been implemented on its knowledge service platform, and has been launched the resource system aggregation service called "Station's Application".


(MANET), no fixed access points are present and thus there exists no physical or fixed routing infrastructure. This forces each node in a MANET to act not only as a host, but also as a router. Routing is a critical factor for the effective operation of a MANET. Many proposed MANET routing protocols are best effort protocols and do not consider the quality of service that can be provided by the routes that are used. Modern real-time multimedia applications often require strict bandwidth and delay guarantees. We extend the AODV routing protocol for MANETs to consider end-to-end delay requests from applications. Voice and video services are now able to request the maximum delay that the paths it will use should provide. Stationary and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks are simulated in OPNET and results prove that the end-to-end delay is greatly improved for these real-time services. The packet delivery fraction is also improved in most scenarios, thus, selected routes are more reliable than before.


Values of the structural damping ratios gradually becoming a hot research at home and abroad。In this paper,through summary analysis of the previous recognition and estimation method of structural damping ratio,setting thinking for future research,to explore the establishment of a new damping ratio estimation formula based on the former use means of reasonable and find out the effective method of damping identification.


This paper presents a symbolic PI tuning method for first orders systems with time delay based on Pade approximation. The presented method is very easy to use like well-known methods such as Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Coon. Besides its easiness, the method performs a faster step response and no overshoot. Furthermore, it provides a good robust performance.


Anahtar Kelimeler: Kömür ABSTRACT Coal, one of the fossil fuels, meets a significant part of the world's energy needs, and 1/3 of the world's coal production is carried out through open pit mining. The processes applied in this production method need to be reshaped to tackle the damage caused to the environment and to regenerate natural life or to meet the needs of living beings in that area. The concept of economic sustainability, which began to gain importance in recent years, has led to an increase in the importance given to mine closure plans and has led to the cooperation of mining entities, legislative regulators, land-use planners, investors and citizens to determine the most beneficial use of the mine site. In this study, it was tried to shed light on how to evaluate the worked-out open pit coal mines.


Eight missense mutations in Na+ coupled HCO3− cotransporter 1 (NBCe1‐A) (R298S, S427L, T485S, G486R, R510H, L522P, A799V and R881C) are reported to cause proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA). In this study, we explored location of the pRTA causing mutations and their structural importance in NBCe1‐A by substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM). The 8 residues were individually substituted with cysteine (cys) in a modified NBCe1‐A backbone with no free reactive cys (NBCe1‐A‐5C−). Locations of the introduced cys were determined by whole cell labeling with two cysteine specific reagents: membrane permeant biotin maleimide and a membrane impermeant MTS‐TAMRA. Results showed none of the 8 residues is on the surface of NBCe1‐A. Selective mutation of T485 revealed it resides in a unique position that is important for normal function. Further topologic analysis of NBCe1‐A by SCAM on 56 individually introduced cys in the NBCe1‐A‐5C− revealed that the first half of the transmembrane region of NBCe1‐A contains 8 transmembrane segments (TM) highly homologous to anion exchanger 1 (AE1), whereas the remainder of the cotransporter folds tightly unlike AE1. On the basis of these results, we propose a new topologic model of NBCe1‐A which allows the assignment of pRTA causing mutations to the following regions: S427L, TM1; T485S and G486R, TM2; R510H and L522P, TM3; A799V, TM10; R881C, TM12.


The symptoms and signs referable to the cardiovascular system that are associated with anemia are discussed, and the physiologic adjustments to anemia that take place in the cardiovascular system are considered. The capacity for adjustment when anemia develops gradually, appears to be very great. The remarkable changes found in the cardiovascular system in cases of sickle cell anemia may be the result of adjustments to severe anemia of exceptional chronicity.


A calibrated tungsten source combined with a fiber optic was used to correct Raman spectra for instrumental response. With the placement of the fiber output at the Raman sample position, the product of throughput, collection efficiency, quantum efficiency, and sampled area could be assessed. This product is related to a spectrometer figure of merit, which provides a quantitative comparison of spectrometer sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. Four spectrometer configurations were compared to illustrate the approach. An additional feature of the white light calibration is correction of relative Raman peak intensities. This issue is particularly important due to the substantial differences between CCD quantum efficiency curves and those of photomultipliers or intensified photodiode arrays.


We reported the fabrication of an in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) monitoring platform, comprised of a porous eggshell membrane (ESM) bioscaffold loaded with Ag nanoprism via an electrostatic self-assembly approach. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of silver nanoprism leads to the blue color of the treated ESMs. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were employed to observe the microstructure and surface property of Ag nanoprisms on the ESMs. The silver nanoprism-loaded eggshell membrane (AgNP@ESM) exhibited strong catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and it can be easily recovered and reused for more than six cycles. Significantly, the composites also display excellent SERS efficiency, allowing the in situ SERS monitoring of molecular transformation in heterogeneous catalysis. The results indicate that the AgNP@ESM biocomposite can achieve both SERS and catalytic functionalities simultaneously in a single entity with high performance, which promotes the potential applications of ESM modified with functional materials.


In time long past, women took a high position of deference in the Indian society as observed in the Rig-Veda and other scriptures of India. In due course of time, because of social, political and economic diversion, women lost their respect and were relegated to the backdrop.


A disturbance observer (DOB) based finite control set predictive torque control (PTC) scheme for induction motors subject to lumped disturbances is proposed in this paper. To control an induction motor using the inverter switching character directly, the finite control set predictive torque control (PTC) method is studied which evaluates the electromagnetic torque and stator fiux in the object function. The optimized switching vector is choosed to control the insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), it also can minimize the error between reference signals and predicted values. Similar to direct torque control (DTC), PTC method does not need a modulator and an internal current PI controller, but the speed loop also adopts the PI controller. For improving the disturbance reject ability and simplifying the PTC control structure, this work introduces a novel PTC method based on DOB technique which does not need the PI speed controller.


3529 Background: Recent studies have not demonstrated therapeutic advances in pts with stage II-III CRC indicating the need for novel methodology. UCEs are non-coding sequences with 100% sequence identity among orthologous genomic regions of human and murine species. UCEs harbor critical biologic functions including splicing, epigenetics, and transcriptional coactivation. Our analysis aims to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within UCEs correlate with outcomes in CRC pts receiving adjuvant 5-FU based chemotherapy.

METHODS
AJCC stage II-III pts (diagnosed < 1 yr) had blood and epidemiological data collected. Forty-eight SNPs within UCEs were genotyped. The validation set comprised pts with a history of recurrence (diagnosed > 1 yr). Association between genotypes, recurrence, and survival was conducted using Cochrane Q, K-M, and log-rank testing.

RESULTS
Of 662 pts, 285 of 435 pts [66%: stage II/III(N=115/170)] and 227 pts [stage II/III (N=88/112] comprised the training and validation sets, respectively. Median follow-up was 45.1 months. In stage II pts, increased recurrent risk (IRR) for rs7849 was noted in the training (HR: 2.39; 95%CI: 1.04-5.52), replication (HR: 3.70; 95%CI: 1.42-9.64) and meta-analysis sets (HR: 2.89; 95%CI: 1.54-5.41). IRR was observed in pts with one variant allele of rs2421099 (HR: 2.44; 95%CI: 1.08-5.51), rs16983007 (HR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.02-7.70), or homozygous variant of rs10211390 (HR: 2.79; 95%CI: 1.16-6.71). In stage III pts, reduced RR occurred with at least one variant allele of rs6124509 (HR: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.16-0.91) and rs11195893 (HR: 0.26; 95%CI: 0.08-0.91); homozygous variant rs10211390 resulted in IRR (HR: 2.70; 95%CI: 1.12-6.50). Multiple risk genotypes had a dose-dependent effect on RR in stage II/III pts (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first reported analysis of SNPs within UCEs in CRC following adjuvant 5-FU based therapy. A total of 5 SNP's were associated with IRR in stage II/III pts; two SNPs resulted in a reduced RR in stage III pts. Identification of these variations suggests they have a biologic role in recurrence and may contribute prognostically to therapeutic decisions.


An overview is presented of technical parameters for planning the fixed-satellite service contained in the CCIR documentation (CCIR Volumes IV and IV/IX) and in the report of the CCIR to WARC (World Administrative Radio Conference) ORB 88. The information deals with three categories of frequency bands, namely: alloted bands, improved procedures bands, and unplanned bands.<<ETX>>


The Southern Tomato Exchange Program (STEP trials) was begun in October 1945 by a group of state and federal scientists for cooperative tests of tomato breeding lines. The program was made a part of the Southern Cooperative Vegetable Trials, which are now under sponsorship of the Southern Section of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Participation includes about 20 people representing 16 states, Puerto Rico, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture. In 1968, the STEP trials were separated into two sections, one for fresh-market types and another for processing types. In 1973, the decision was made to add a section for testing lines developed especially for once-over machine-harvesting for fresh market. So far, in the fresh-market section of the trials, 621 tomato lines have been tested, 50 of which were released as cultivars. That yields from the best entries in the trials have almost doubled over the years may be attributed largely to their resistance to diseases. It is anticipated that the STEP trials will continue to serve as a medium for cooperation among tomato breeders.


Introduction: In this study were compared the effects of the Conventional Flipped Classroom (virtual component for independent study + face-to-face component for the interactive discussion of clinical cases) and the Remote Flipped Classroom (FRFC) (virtual component for independent study + "online" component for the interactive discussion of clinical cases), as a teaching / learning strategy in the face of the COVID-19 pande-mic, on the self-directed learning of surgical students. Methods: Self-directed learning levels, as a result indicator of the change in methodological strategy, were compared in a group of undergraduate students participating in a conventional flipped classroom in 2017 to those of a group of students participating in a remote flipped classroom in 2020, during the surgery course at the Universidad de La Sabana, in Chia-Co-lombia. For this purpose, the Preparedness Scale for Self-Directed Learning (EPAD), validated to the Spa-nish language, was used. Results: In both groups, the levels of self-directed learning were acceptable. No significant effect (posi-tive or negative) of either of the two models of flipped classroom was identified on the self-directed learning (d Cohen =-0.08;IC95%-0.42 – 0.24). Conclusions: The remote flipped classroom is an alternative to the conventional inverted classroom that does not compromise the self-directed learning of surgery students.


Frequency oscillator is one of the basic devices that can be used in most electrical, electronics and communications circuits and systems. There are many types of oscillators depending on frequency range used in an application such as audio, radio and microwave. The needed was appeared to use high and very high frequencies to make the rapid development of advanced technology Colpitts oscillator is one of the most common types of oscillator, it can be used for radio frequency (RF), that its output signal is often utilized at the basic of a wireless communication system in most application. In this research, a Colpitts oscillator is comprised from a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier with  LC  tank. This design is carrying out with a known Barkhausen criterion for oscillation. Firstly, is carried out using theoretical calculation. The secondary is carried out using simulation (Multisim 13). All the obtained result from the above two approaches are 10 MHz and 9.745 MHz respectively. This result is seen to be very encouraging.


This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part traces the influence of the Two Ways in the early church. It is of importance to know whether the indirect Christian tradition attests to the diffusion of the original Greek document and/or of its Latin translation. The chapter analyzes the following question: Are there quotations and testimonies of church fathers and of other Christian writings available evidencing an independent Two Ways tradition? The chapter's concern, however, is with the function of the Two Ways manual in its first Christian setting. The second part of the chapter investigates the influence of the Two Ways manual on the Latin church literature dating from later (Merovingian and Carolingian) periods. The evidence surveyed shows that the Merovingian and Carolingian documents in their own order and in their own way reproduce features of a Two Ways tradition.Keywords: Carolingian period; Christian literature; Greek document; Latin church literature; Merovingian period; Two Ways


Key Points Question How can the risk of SARS-CoV-2–related death be estimated in the general population to be used for vaccination prioritization? Findings In this prognostic study of more than 7.6 million individuals enrolled in the Veterans Affairs health care system, a logistic regression model (COVIDVax) was developed to estimate risk of SARS-CoV-2–related death using the following 10 characteristics: sex, age, race, ethnicity, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and the Care Assessment Need score. The model was estimated to save more lives than prioritizing vaccination based on age or on the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention vaccination allocation. Meaning These findings suggest that prioritizing vaccination based on the model developed in this study could prevent a substantial number of SARS-CoV-2–related deaths during vaccine rollout.


The pre-salt section of the Santos Basin has been the focus of much recent interest following the discovery of significant reserves in the region. An evaluation project on two 2D lines from a large regional survey shows that a redesigned processing flow incorporating Tilted Transverse Isotropy (TTI) and Reverse Time Migration (RTM) delivers improved images of the salt and pre-salt structures.


Education has historically assumed strategic importance to the State as the instrument to legitimate an excludent society. The understanding of the ideologic processes that go together with the political and economical changes through which capitalism deals with its crisis, becomes invaluable for school phychologists. In the first part this article describes some of the main educacional changes that we have witnessed and the motivations declared by govenment officials. In the second part, the article deals with the relations between the educational changes and neoliberal policies, criticizing some of its premises through the historic materialism concept of ideology.


2011 saw the welcome addition of two books, one of and the other on the early writings of Walter Benjamin. Early Writings 1910–1917 is a collection put out by Harvard's Belknap Press that is comprised first of some 30 of Benjamin's first known works, almost all written between 1910 and 1913, and secondly some 15 works written between 1914 and 1917, several of which are major (albeit brief) forays into the realms of semiotics, philosophy, and cultural theory. The pieces in the first group are generally unavailable in English and are newly translated here by Howard Eiland. They comprise a miscellany of one or two page pieces written from 1910 when Benjamin was an 18-year-old high school student in Berlin, through his attendance at Freiburg University from 1912 to the summer of 1913, and then his attendance at the University of Berlin through 1915. Most of these pieces were published at the time in periodicals, pamphlets, and such. They range from poems and short stories to his CV, and include a number of essays related to Benjamin's part in the German Youth Movement during the lead-up to World War I. These writings will be of interest primarily to Benjamin aficionados who do not speak German. The pieces in the second group are by and large slightly revised English translations already available either in Selected Writings Vol. I: 1913–1926 (Benjamin, 1996) or Reflections (Benjamin, 1978), or both. They contain the brief but extremely dense pieces that constitute Benjamin's oeuvre from 1914 to 1917. This is the start of one of his most fruitful periods, lasting into the mid-1920s, marked by Benjamin's major work in semiotic theory 'On Language as such and on the language of man' (1916), described by Benjamin – pointed out by Fenves several times – as his 'little treatise'. Also several other important if perhaps less known pieces are in this group. Notable in this regard is, 'Two poems by Friedrich Holderlin' (1914/15), in which Benjamin introduces his fundamental notions of the messianic reduction and the shape of time, introducing a vocabulary and conceptual framework without which many of his works on modern culture can seem impossibly opaque. The publication of Peter Fenves's book complements that of Early Writings 1910–1917. Indeed Fenves is thanked in the latter for his 'advice concerning the preparation of this volume' (2011: 13). Fenves explores Benjamin's writings in the period of 1914 to1921. Included are readings of,


A field experiment was conducted during 2003-06 on deep Vertisols of Bhopal to study the effect of 3 organic manures, viz poultry manure, vermicompost and cattledung manure vis-a vis chemical fertilizers on the productivity, soil fertility and economics of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) - durum wheat (Triricum durum Desf.) cropping system. In the first year (2003-04), chemical fertilizers recorded significantly higher yield of crops and application of organic manures recorded 7.3 to 13.3 % reduction in soybean yield and 7.8 to 14.8 % reduction in wheat yield. In the second year (2004-05), soybean yield was on par among the nutrient sources and wheat yield was on par between chemical fertilizers and poultry manure treatment. In the third year (2005-06), application of organic manures recorded similar yields to that of chemical fertilizers and in fact, poultry manure application resulted in 17.5 and 3.2 % higher yields of soybean and wheat, respectively, over the chemical fertilizers. The protein and oil content of soybean was not affected among the treatments but the protein content of wheat was lower in control compared to the application of either chemical or organic manures. At the end of the 3 cropping cycles, soil organic carbon, available N, P, K status and enzyme activity of soil (dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity) were significantly improved in organic manure treatments compared to chemical fertilizers. The economics of soybean - durum wheat cropping system was in favour of chemical fertilizers during the first 2 years but in the third year, organic farming resulted in better economic returns due to improved productivity and lower cost of cultivation compared to chemical farming.


Abstract : Stress distribution in a thin layer of plating on the bore surface of a thick tube is studied based on the linear theory of elasticity. Several simple mathematical models are used to represent a variety of material and loading conditions. Results from these simple mathematical models indicate that the chrome plating in a gun tube is very likely to crack. Relative mechanical properties of plating materials and tube materials are discussed in order to reduce the stress level in the plating. (Author)


The need is always found for effective substitution of chemical and synthetic food preservatives with effective and powerful alternatives from natural origins. Chitosan is an amazing biopolymer with a very wide range of applications. Chitosan could be produced microbiologically from the fungal cell walls. The nature, occurrence, antimicrobial activity and other potential applications of chitosan are illustrated in this book. Successful production of chitosan from Aspergillus brasiliensis mycelia, using agricultural waste as a substrate, is pointed out in this study. The application of produced fungal chitosan as a biopreservative, for the protection and maintaining the quality of minced meat, are also highlighted in this book. This book will provide readers; researchers and food industry overseers with an interesting and innovative topic for the enhancement of food safety.


In a relay optical system (22) for a deflection system with two scanning devices (4, 6), each of which the angle of a light beam (2, 3) separately from a predetermined for each scan means (4, 6) Location (14, 18) in a predetermined deflection changes within a predetermined deflection range, is an optical system (32) and a mirror surface (34) is provided, wherein the optical axis (30) in position and direction with the center normal of the connecting line between the predetermined locations (14, 18) of the first and second scanning means (4, 6) coincide, and the shape and position of the mirror surface (34) is formed according to the conditions that the two vectors, the direction vector of the light beam (2) and the surface normal of the mirror surface (34), each projected in the directing Ablenkblende the first scanning means (4) for each by the deflection of the first scanning means (4) given point of incidence of the light beam (2) on the mirror surface (34) are ungsgleich and that the path of the focal surface (40) of the optical system running light beam (2) with the optical axis (30) of the optical system (32) as the axis of symmetry mirror-symmetrically back current light beam (to the path of the focal surface (40) 3 ) is.


In recent years, a number of countries have had notable success in eliminating measles using a variety of vaccination strategies. Three WHO regions — the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe — now have measles elimination goals. In the Americas a strategy based on supplementing high routine coverage with an initial catch-up and periodic follow-up campaigns has achieved a dramatic reduction in measles incidence and interrupted transmission in many areas (1). Other countries have eliminated indigenous measles transmission with a routine two-dose schedule by reaching coverage of over 95% (e.g. Finland, Hungary, United States). A similar result has been achieved in Canada, Oman and the United Kingdom by following a catch-up campaign with a routine two-dose schedule. The success of these different strategies is based on a common characteristic: they all reduce the proportion of the population susceptible to measles infection to below the level at which infection can remain endemic (the herd immunity threshold) (2), and maintain it there. This causes chains of transmission to die out and prevents sustained transmission from becoming re-established if the infection is reintroduced by an imported case (3). Catch-up campaigns that immunize a high proportion of the susceptibles in a population (by targeting the right age group and reaching previously unvaccinated children) have a rapid and dramatic impact on measles transmission. However, campaigns need to be followed by high routine coverage to prevent the reaccumulation of susceptibles to levels that will permit sustained measles transmission (4). Examples from the Americas illustrate this: inadequate infant coverage has been identified as themain cause of recent measles outbreaks in Argentina, Bolivia and the Dominican Republic despite the implementation of supplemental campaigns (1). This should serve as a reminder to other countries aiming for measles elimination: it is easier to achieve impressive progress initially than to sustain elimination in the long term. The WHO strategy for the elimination of measles from the European Region recognizes both theory and experience by setting explicit target levels of susceptibility for each age group (5). Starting from a knowledge of its own susceptibility profile, each country can design an appropriate vaccination programme to reduce the proportion susceptible below these target levels. In each country, the susceptibility profile can be estimated from vaccination coverage and disease incidence data, but the most direct evidence comes from seroprevalence studies of the type described by Salmaso and colleagues in this issue of the Bulletin (pp. 950–955). Such data provide a firm evidence base for vaccination policy decisions, by identifying susceptible cohorts. Recent developments in methods to detect antibody in oral fluid (rather than blood) facilitate the collection of suitable samples (6). Having developed appropriate vaccination strategies, the greater challenge is to implement them. This is where much more needs to be done in the European Region to reach the target of elimination by 2007. The major burden of measles infection, however, is in developing countries, where 888 000 measles deaths are estimated to have occurred in 1998. In countries with significant measles mortality the emphasis is on trying to achieve measles control rather than elimination. In the African Region, which accounts for 40% of measles deaths, measles vaccination coverage in the first year of life is reported as 49% (7). Improving routine coverage remains the first priority for measles control. The rapid impact of vaccination campaigns covering wide age groups is seductive but short-lived unless coverage in the first year of life is improved. The launch of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) has provided exciting new opportunities for funding improvements to vaccination programmes in the developing world. GAVI's drive to improve access to sustainable immunization services aims to ensure that 80% of developing countries have routine coverage of at least 80% in all districts by 2005. Improving routine coverage to this level is an essential first step in reducing the burden of measles, though it should be emphasized that even at 80% coverage the remaining burden of measles is high and may be comparable to that of hepatitis B and Haemophilius influenzae type b. That is, even at high levels of coverage the most effective (and cost-effective) option may be to continue to improve measles coverage, rather than introduce new vaccines. Funding appropriately designed supplemental measles vaccination in countries that have achieved 80% routine coverage would help to achieve GAVI's objective ''to expand the use of all existing, safe and cost-effective vaccines where they address a public health problem''. In the enthusiasm to introduce new vaccines into developing countries the need for improving measles control should not be forgotten. n


We briefly discuss the theory of epicyclic motion near rotating black holes and its relation to the origin of high frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (QPOs) seen in many cases of accreting black hole binaries. We also point out some new frequency ratios predicted by the theory.


In the context of the title,the partial verb's grammatical function has had the variation,and produced some variation usage different from the habit language.These variation usages appear first in the context of the title,then infiltrate to the non-title context,gradually become the general matching rule.Also some variations can only be used in the context of title,which does not have the universality.In the title of the context,the main performance of the variation of the verb-object combination is the expansion of the verb with object,and displacement-variation of format of the "V+NP",etc.Pragmatic is the main cause of the variation.


This scientific endeavor is dedicated to the sustainable development of human resources at the organizational level. Thus, the sustainable development of human resources is approached by taking into account three dimensions: respect for human rights and social guarantees; health and safety; organizational social commitment. For each dimension are shown and described the main elements of sustainable development of human resources. To have a holistic approach to sustainable development of human resources at the organizational level are presented, for each dimension, a variety of indicators characterizing the problem. In the present scientific approach, we aim to demonstrate that organizations are involved in the sustainable development of human resources regardless of the field of activity. In order to achieve the predefined objective we used as research methods - documentation and analysis. Research subjects served the top 40 companies listed on the Paris Stock Exchange under the CAC (Continuous Assisted Quotation) index.


The invention provides a novel method for checking the polymorphism of mononucleotide by a combination of a special restriction endonuclease and a mass spectrometric method. Key points of the invention are as follows: a primer taking part in the PCR reaction contains recognition sites and endonuclease sites of different positions of the special restriction endonuclease, and PCR products undergo the restriction endonuclease digestion, which generates a single chain nucleotide segment containing SNP sites; after processes of purification and point target, etc., a sample which can be directly used for the substrate auxiliary laser analytic ionization flight time mass spectrometric detection is prepared. Compared with the prior art, the novel method has the advantages of short time, low cost,high resolution and convenient and easy operation.


In previous works, a generic dynamical model has been suggested by Huang et al., which is shown to be correct for both adiabatic and radiative blast- waves, in both ultra-relativistic and non-relativistic phases. In deriving their equa- tions, Huang et al. have assumed that the radiative eciency of the fireball is constant. They then applied their model directly to realistic cases where the radia- tive eciency evolves with time. In this paper, we abandon the above assumption and re-derive a more accurate dynamical equation for gamma-ray burst remnants. Numerical results show that the model presented by Huang et al. is accurate enough in general cases.


Patent Landscape Reports (PLR) have long been used in business, science and RD among countries, it is USA and China. However, patents of high technological relevance and/or commercial value may appear in small tech companies, or as a "by-product" of other corporate activities. The research results are of interest to researchers and practitioners involved in the development and implementation of 5G technologies.


The Victorian government has appointed a former top cop to ensure it implements all 227 recommendations from its Family Violence Royal Commmission. The former acting commissioner of the state's police force, Tim Cartwright, says his role will be totally independent, but that he will be answerable to Victorian Parliament and the media. It coincides with the Andrews Government's announcement of $87 million to boost support services for victims of family violence and sexual assault.


Intratumoral hypoxic cells are more resistant to radiotherapy due to a reduction in lifespan of DNA‐damaging free radicals and augmentation of post‐irradiation molecular restoration. SirT1, a member of the mammalian sirtuin family, deacetylates various transcription factors to trigger cell defense and survival in response to stresses and DNA damage. In this study, we provide new evidence indicating that overexpression of SirT1 in hepatoma HepG2 cells allowed the cells to become much more resistant to irradiation under hypoxia than under normoxia. When SirT1 was knocked down in both HepG2 and SK‐Hep‐1 cells, the radiosensitivity was increased, especially under hypoxia. But this enhanced radiosensitivity in SirT1‐deficient cells was extensively decreased by infecting cells with c‐Myc siRNA. Furthermore, the expression of c‐Myc protein and its acetylation were increased in the SirT1 knockdown cells and these increments under hypoxic conditions were much more notable than under normoxia. In addition, c‐Myc interference significantly suppressed phosphorylated p53 protein expression after irradiation, especially under hypoxic conditions. The current findings indicate that SirT1 confers a higher radioresistance in hypoxic cells than in normoxic cells due to the decreased levels of c‐Myc protein and its acetylation, and that a c‐Myc‐dependent radiation‐induced phosphorylated p53 may be involved. SirT1 could serve as a novel target of radiation damage and thus as a potential strategy to advance the efficiency of radiotherapy in hepatoma entities. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1238–1244)


Abstract : Pulsed trnsmissions at 12 and 18 mc from College, Alaska and Thule, Greenland were continuously monitored at Boston, Massachusetts for a period of nine months. Observed signal amplitudes are graphically presented and discussed for each of these months. Comparisons are drawn between the observed and predicted values of signal intensity and maximum usable frequency (MUF). The predicted values of signal intensity was 10 to 20 db higher than the observed signal intensity. The gross effects of the auroral zone on these circuits are discussed and anomalous behavior of the Thule-Boston 18-mc circuit near the MUF is presented. (Author)


In the teaching of urban planning introduction,the traditional one-way type and static teaching mode hardly achieve the purpose of teaching requirements.So participation teaching philosophy is put forward,the background of teaching reform,the change of teaching idea,the adjustment of teaching content,the teaching method are explored.It hopes to achieve better teaching results.


The LTE system and the quantizing structure of E-UTRAN network are described.Aslo the analysis for the protocol stack and its function are given in the paper.Moreover there is a detailed description of the design of the states and the processes and message sequence chart for RRC connection reestablishment here.In the end,this topic is analyzed and a conclusion is given.In addition,it also includes that the study of the research on RRC connection reestablishment procedure plays an important role for the communication of the LTE system.And this is also one field of the research needed in LTE communication system.


This article describes the functional features of the image in the works of Amir Hasan Dehlavi Sufi poet and mystic on the material the full sample of gazelle «Muhammad». The author gives a general description of the theoretical approaches to the analysis of imagery of the text, then facts are the reasons for the creation of the analyzed products is determined by topic, place and role of works in Persian literature.


The choice of protecting groups is one of the decisive factors in the successful realization of a complex, demanding synthetic project. The protecting groups used influence the length and efficiency of the synthesis and are often responsible for its success or failure. A wide range of blocking groups are currently available for the different functional groups; however, an overall strategy combining these different masking techniques in an advantageous and reliable manner has never been proposed or at best only for individual cases. This review attempts to make a contribution to filling this gap. First a very short overview of the most commonly used protecting groups will be given, in which they are classified according to their lability and not according to the functional group they protect. This classification clarifies coherent concepts for the development of blocking strategies. On the basis of this brief summary reliable strategies will then be illustrated and developed with selected examples from the recent literature by which protecting groups may be combined successfully and advantageously in synthetic projects of differing degrees of complexity and difficulty.


Objective To investigate telomerase activity of MCF 7 mammary cancer cells during apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate (SB) in vitro and its mechanism. Methods The proliferative activity of MCF 7 cells was assessed by morphology and MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Telomerase activity was examined by TRAP ELISA. The expression status of telomerase subunits was analyzed by RT PCR. Results A time and dose dependent inhibition was detected in MCF 7 cells treated with SB. At 72 hr after SB (2.5 mmol/L) treatment, MCF 7 cells were apoptotic with a rate of 84.3% by flow cytometric assay ( AnnexinV/PI double staining). Apoptosis was also confirmed by DNA fragmentation. Telomerase activity and expression level of hTERT, the key subunit of telomerase, decreased at 24 hour time point after SB treatment. No significant changes were observed in the expression of hTR and hTP, the other two subunits of telomerase. Conclusion Telomerase activity decreases in MCF 7 cells during apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate. The underlying mechanism might be related to the down regulation of hTERT transcription.


The communication needs of the different stages of production proposed in the new industrial generation (INDUSTRY 4.0), demand devices that can handle high availability protocols. This paper presents an architecture of a cyber physical production system gateway that can be implemented in an SoC, integrating high availability communication interfaces as the high-availability seamless redundancy/ parallel redundancy protocol (HSR/PRP), industrial ethernet communication interfaces (e.g. Profinet), and connections to sensors and actuators (e.g. Modbus series). Considering the software and hardware adaptability that the architecture should have, field programmable gate array and reconfigurable devices, in general, are considered as the best options for implementation, since the architecture requires high levels of hardware and software flexibility. The proposed architecture was validated in an experimental environment that is implemented utilizing electronic design automation tools, IP cores, and Python libraries developed by third parties is presented, to achieve a device which handles high availability communication HSR/PRP, Profinet, Profibus, and Modbus.


Introduction. This work is closely connected with [5] and we shall freely use the notations of [5, §2]. Let G be a semigroup which admits countable left invariant means (i.e., Ml(G)r\Qh(G)^01 where Ml(G) is the set of left invariant means) and let él(G)= {<£; <AGw(G)*, Lg<j> = <t> for g G G } . By Theorem 4.2 of [5] G contains finite groups which are left ideals with left cancellation, i.e. by [5, §2] (l.i.l.c.). Let {A a}aei be the set of all finite groups which are (l.i.l.c.) in G and define for a, jSGI, a«j3 = j3. The indices set I becomes thus a semigroup with semigroup algegra h(I) and second conjugate algebra m(7)* (as defined in Day [3, p. 526]). As proved in Theorem 1 of M. M. Day [3, p. 530] $l(G) is also a subalgebra of w(G)* (when regarded as the second conjugate algebra of /i(G)). A linear positive isometry from m(/ )* onto ól(G) which displays the inner structure of $l(G) is constructed in this paper. This isometry is also an algebraic isomorphism from the algebra ra(I)* onto the algebra $l(G). A =Uaer A a is a right minimal ideal (this is the result of Clifford [l,] for proof see [5, Lemma 3.1 and Remark 3.1]) and moreover, the A «'s as finite groups are isomorphic to one another (see [ô] end of proof of Theorem E) therefore the number N of elements of Aa does not depend on a. We now define the linear operator T: rn(G)—»m(I):


Introduction: Intradural spinal cord tumors are rare. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent surgical resection of an intradural spinal cord tumor between 9/4/1998 and 10/1/2010 by one surgeon.
Methods: Cases included adults (>18 years old) who had undergone spinal tumor resections. Endpoints examined included complication rates, discharge destinations, and lengths of hospitalization. Data was obtained via chart abstraction. Contingency tables were created, and estimates of relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the relationship between the endpoints of interest and a variety of variables (e.g., sex, ethnicity, tumor location). Sixty-six cases met the inclusion criteria.
Results: The median lengths of stay for males and females were 4 and 5 days, respectively; the distributions in the two groups differed significantly (Mann-Whitney U=541.5, nmale=30, nfemale=36, P


Summary The building of an acceptable numerical time-scale, in whole or in part, is a complex matter. At the present time, it is often impossible to obtain even a nearly correct figure on which everyone can agree. This is often due to the selective rejection of data which, although considered unsatisfactory by some are accepted by others, and by the existence of data which appear at the time to be mutually incompatible. However, it is possible to draw a series of recommendations which could help in obtaining a result less open to criticism. As a general scheme, a fully documented time-scale (a certainly megalomaniac aim) can only be obtained after a long itinerary of research comprising essentially four stages: (1) the collection of published data; (2) the evaluation of individual data; (3) the combination of data; (4) the drawing of conclusions: this paper summarizes the author's attitudes to these problems.


The supply of electricity to customers dispersed across wide geographical areas using the single wire earth return (SWER) distribution system has been adopted in many rural areas in Australia. This network system is the most economically practical method of supplying continuous power to scattered rural customers. With the increased demand for high power devices such as air conditioners and periodic events such as pumping, as well as the use of long and high impedance feeders, it becomes difficult to maintain good voltage regulation on these networks. Modelling of electrical networks is an important aspect of network analysis. However, current models for SWER networks do not reflect the conditions and voltage drops expected on the actual networks. The use of customer energy data and load diversity rules, in load allocation procedure, provides an opportunity to develop significantly more accurate models. The case studies of the Mistake Creek North and Stanage Bay SWER networks in Central Queensland show a significant improvement in the accuracy of the developed models reflecting the actual network performance.


Objective
To observe the effect of early pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation on postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation and sexual function in different delivery methods.

Methods
Ninety-three parturient women who admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Taizhou Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 were divided into cesarean section group (53 cases) and vaginal delivery group (40 cases) according to the mode of delivery.Early pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation was performed in both two groups.Maternal pelvic floor rehabilitation was assessed by pelvic floor muscle pressure and muscle fiber contraction, and maternal sexual function was assessed by sexual function status score.

Results
Before treatment, the sustained systolic blood pressure of type Ⅰ muscle fibers[(28.14±3.03)cmH2O vs.(27.66±3.14)cmH2O], the duration of type Ⅰ muscle fibers[(9.54±1.04)s vs.(9.66±1.00)s], the rapid systolic blood pressure of type Ⅱ muscle fibers[(48.14±3.03)cmH2O vs.(47.66±3.14)cmH2O], and the contraction of type Ⅱ muscle fibers[(2.54±1.04) vs.(2.66±1.00)] had no statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=0.401, 0.312, 2.401, 0.324, all P>0.05). After treatment, the sustained systolic blood pressure of type Ⅰ muscle fibers, duration of type Ⅰ muscle fibers, rapid systolic blood pressure of type Ⅱ muscle fibers, and the contraction of type Ⅱ muscle fibers had statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=10.642, 10.214, 10.672, 10.254, all P 0.05). After intervention, both two indicators were elevated, and the differences were statistically significant compared with before treatment (t=12.093, 14.152, all P 0.05).

Conclusion
Early pelvic floor rehabilitation is beneficial to the recovery of pelvic floor and sexual function.

Key words:
Pelvic floor; Hospitals, convalescent; Cesarean section; Natural childbirth


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and test the determinates of earnings opacity internationally. The determinates are hypothesized to be the elements of social, economic and accounting order in each of the 34 countries of the study. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 34 countries' data was collected and data estimation and several statistical and correlations were performed. Findings – Earnings opacity internationally is negatively related to the levels of economic freedom and quality of life, and positively related to rule of law, economic growth and level of corruption. Further, the findings are surprising that the level of disclosure, the number of auditors per 100,000 inhabitants and the adoption of international accounting standards (as elements of the accounting order) are not significantly related to earnings opacity internationally. It is the social and economic climate rather than the technical accounting climate that is at the core of the lack of accounting quality in general and earnings opacity in particular. Originality/value – Elements of accounting order do not seem to affect earnings opacity as much as social and economic characteristics. It is the economic and the social context rather than the technical that explicates better the level of accounting quality in general and the level of earnings opacity in particular in a given country. Earnings opacity is higher as a result of higher rule of law, economic growth and level of corruption, and lower as result of higher level of economic freedom and quality of life.


We have grown superconducting films on the technologically important sapphire substrates by CO2 pulsed laser ablation from fully superconducting targets of Bi2Sr3−xCaxCu2Oy followed by appropriate post‐annealing. The composition of the films was found to deviate slightly from the target. Nevertheless, films with metallic resistivity decreasing between room temperature and 95 K, Tc(onset) of about 90 K and Tc(zero) of 72 K have been obtained. Magnetoresistance measurements in fields up to 12.85 T give a value of dHc2/dT of 1.6 T/K, which is intermediate between reported values of parallel and perpendicular Hc2 of fully aligned thin films. The implied partial orientation is consistent with the morphology seen by scanning electron microscopy.


Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, the supplying of the electricity demand using hybrid (solar and diesel) systems has attracted great interest in UAE [1]. In this paper, comparisons of electricity generation with three configurations has been studied, starting from the base scenario of i) multiple stand-alone hybrid systems which is upgraded to ii) AC-coupled mini-grid and iii) DC-coupled mini-grid. The available energy supply, storage and transmission units as well as internal electrical demand of RAKRIC's open air R&D laboratory, Solab, have constituted the basis of the calculations. The cost estimates for the major components forming mini-grids have been found out to be comparable for AC-coupled and DC-coupled networks. Although the results provided in this paper do not apply universally since feasibility of electricity transmission and storage is notably affected by the positions of supply and load centers along with the generation and consumption time profiles. Solar hybrid power system can be the next option for the UAE fast growing market.


Abstract : The reliance on computer networked information systems in every operational function, from operational logistics to intelligence to command and control, has grown in bounds during the last few decades. Electronic transfer of accurate data plays a key role in almost every decision, action and reaction, and is vital for the accomplishment of operational objectives. The military's use of computer networked information systems is thus a critical strength. These systems are then critical vulnerabilities because they may lack adequate protection and are open to enemy attack. Consequently, they could be chosen as a strategic decisive point to a capable opponent. It can be difficult for a commander to understand the complexity of defending computer networks in a shared risk environment and relatively new state of warfare. The joint force commander's present inexperience with the mechanics and operations of cyber warfare forces too much reliance on the tactical echelon and external organizations to defend and respond to computer network attacks at the operational level. Examination of Computer Network Defense (CND) doctrine reveals an increased but limited understanding of vulnerability and response issues at the theater-strategic and operational echelons. Operational commanders must be prepared to face the fast paced, quickly advancing, cyber threats of today and tomorrow using yesterday's CND and response doctrine. This thesis presents recommendations at the joint force operational level for improvement in the areas of information 5 stems doctrine, environment, technology , training and or organizational structure.


Calcium hydroxide (CH) is widely used as an intracanal medicament between appointments to increase the number of canals free from bacteria. However, the remnant CH hinders the penetration of disinfectants and sealers into dentinal tubules and compromises the seal of the canal filling. Therefore, residual CH must be removed before permanent root canal obturation is completed. To analyze the efficacy of XP-endo finisher on the removal of CH medicament from root canal system. English language articles were retrieved from electronic biomedical journal databases. PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were used to complete the search for all full-text articles available. The search was done till August 31, 2018. The last data search was conducted on September 1, 2018. All articles that were published in English were included. Only those articles that were published between January 1, 2011, and August 31, 2018, using XP-endo finisher were selected. The efficacy of XP-endo finisher on removal of CH medicament from root canal system. Total of 17 articles was identified through electronic database searching. After duplicate removal, and full-text reading, six articles qualified for qualitative synthesis in this systematic review. XP-endo finisher is proven to be more efficient in removing the CH medicament from root canal system.


Acardiac twinning is a rare congenital anomaly of monozygotic twin pregnancy which often results from abnormal placental vascular anastomosis. It leads to twin reversal arterial perfusion with complex pathophysiology. Current information on early recognition and treatment for salvation of the normal twin is based on individual case reports in the literature. Mortality of Acardiac twin is 100%. Pump twin though structurally normal suffers due to heart failure and prematurity and has high morbidity and mortality all due to pumping blood to the acardiac twin. The acardiac twin receives all its blood supply from the pump twin through anastomotic channels, the term reversed perfusion is used to describe this condition because blood enters the acephalic twin through umbilical artery and exit through umbilical vein which is opposite to the normal blood supply. The acardiac twin loses direct vascular connection with the placental villi and receives its entire blood supply from the pump twin. Here, we have presented a primigravida of 24-26 weeks of gestation with twin gestation of monochorionic diamniotic type in preterm labor. One of the twin was acardiac acephalous and another a pump twin with hydrops.


Consider a space object in an orbit about the earth. An uncertain initial state can be represented as a point cloud which can be propagated to later times by the laws of Newtonian motion. However, even if the initial uncertainty is Gaussian in ECI coordinates, the distribution quickly becomes non-Gaussian as the propagation time increases. Similar problems arise in other standard fixed coordinate systems in astrodynamics, e.g. Keplerian and to some extent equinoctial. To address this problem, a local "Adapted Structural (AST)" coordinate system has been developed in which uncertainty is represented in terms of deviations from a "central state". In AST coordinates, the propagated uncertainty is nearly Gaussian under a wide range of conditions (e.g. LEO vs. GEO; varying eccentricity, varying initial uncertainty). Most of the assessment has been carried out so far in Keplerian dynamics. In this paper, we explore the behavior of AST coordinates when perturbation effects are incorporated, namely atmospheric drag and oblateness. The behavior of AST is assessed visually through pairs plots and statistically through tests of Gaussianity


established, the mechanism by which /?-carotene exerts a protective function against cancer remains unknown. However, there are several lines of evidence which suggest that the generation of reactive oxygen species may play an important role in the development of cancer [14]. The present work emphasizes that attention should be extended from /?-carotene to lycopene and other carotenoids. Lycopene has a plasma concentration slightly higher than /?-carotene and both these carotenoids were found in lowdensity lipoproteins [ IS]. The relative physical quenching abilities of the tocopherol homologues decreased in the following order: a, /?, y, and &tocopherol. With the tocopherols, the ability of '02 quenching depends on a free hydroxyl group in position 6 of the chromane ring. Chemical reactivity of the tocopherol homologues were low, accounting for 0.1 to 1.5"/0 of the physical quenching. Among the biological thiols, cysteine was the most effective quencher of lo,, followed by lipoate (disulphide form of the dithiol lipoate), coenzyme A, glutathione, cysteamine and dihydrolipoate. Pharmacologically active thiols like Nacetylcysteine, mesna, WR1065 and captopril significantly differed in their quenching abilities. The pD dependence of the chemical quenching indicated that '0, reacts with the thiolate anion. As compared to their overall quenching abilities, cysteine, WR1065, cysteamine, mesna and dihydrolipoate had significant chemical quenching abilities. other thiols tested had a chemical quenching rate less than S%, most of them less than I%, of their overall quenching ability. Compared to carotenoids, other classes of compounds, e.g. bilirubin, tocopherols and thiols were less active in singlet oxygen quenching. But these may also be biologically important in '02 quenching because of their higher concentration and/or different subcellular location in biological targets, besides solubility characteristics.