ABSTRACT To persist in the presence of an active immune system, viruses encode proteins that decrease expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by using a variety of mechanisms. For example, murine gamma-2 herpesvirus 68 expresses the K3 protein, which causes the rapid turnover of nascent class I molecules. In this report we show that certain mouse class I alleles are more susceptible than others to K3-mediated down regulation. Prior to their rapid degradation, class I molecules in K3-expressing cells exhibit impaired assembly with β2-microglobulin. Furthermore, K3 is detected predominantly in association with class I molecules lacking assembly with high-affinity peptides, including class I molecules associated with the peptide loading complex TAP/tapasin/calreticulin. The detection of K3 with class I assembly intermediates raises the possibility that molecular chaperones involved in class I assembly are involved in K3-mediated class I regulation.


Carbon nanodots are a new class of fluorescent nanoparticles with a carbon-based core,which possess wavelength-tunable luminescence,high photostability,high resistance to photobleaching,good water-solubility,and ease of bioconjugation.Owing to their attractive merits,carbon nanodots like other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerene,carbon nanotubes and graphene,have attracted much attention.Furthermore,carbon nanodots can be inexpensively produced by electrochemical methods with simple post-processing under mild conditions.Electrochemical approaches have unique advantages in the analysis of surface structures and luminescence mechanism of materials.In this review,recent advances in electrochemical methods used for the synthesis and luminescence mechanism of fluorescent carbon nanodots were summarized.The possible applications of carbon nanodots in biosensing are also included.


Abstract The flow inside a rotating annulus tilted with respect to gravity is characterized experimentally and theoretically. As in the case of a tilted rotating cylinder the flow is forced by the free surface, maintained flat by gravity. It leads to resonances of global inertial modes (Kelvin modes) when the height of fluid is a multiple of half the wavelength of the mode. The divergence of the mode is saturated by viscous effects at the resonance. The maximum amplitude scales as the Ekman number to the power $-1/2$ when surface Ekman pumping is dominant, and to the power $-1$ when volumic damping is dominant. An analytical prediction is given with no fitting parameter, in excellent agreement with experimental results. At lower Ekman numbers, the flow destabilizes with respect to a triadic resonance instability, as already observed by Xu & Harlander (Phys. Rev. Fluids, 2020). We provide here a linear stability analysis leading to the viscous threshold of the instability for small tilt angles. For large tilt angles, a centrifugal instability is observed due to the acceleration of the flow by the inner cylinder. Finally, the features of the turbulent flow and its mixing efficiency are characterized experimentally. We underline the potential interest of this configuration for bioreactors.


9117 Background: Multiple biomarker testing strategies exist as the treatments of aNSCLC rapidly evolve. While upfront NGS is considered optimal, this practice has not been universally adopted. Surprisingly, the impact of NGS vs non-NGS approaches on OS is unclear, with the largest study to date demonstrating lack of benefit. We aim to identify the genomic testing strategy associated with the most optimal OS in aNSCLC using data from a large, contemporary electronic health record (EHR) database. Methods: This retrospective study used Flatiron EHR data. Patients diagnosed with aNSCLC between 11 Apr 2019 and 31 Dec 2021 who received systemic therapy were identified and followed from the date of diagnosis to 31 May 2022 or death. Testing methods reported within the patient's chart were extracted. Methods assessed included NGS (defined as any test type with 'NGS' as test name) and non-NGS (defined as PCR, FISH, IHC, and other sequencing methods not containing 'NGS'). Upfront testing was defined as tests received on or prior to the date of initiation of first-line (1L) therapy. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to estimate and compare real-world overall survival (rwOS) by testing strategies. Among those with actionable genetic mutations, we also explored rwOS by timing of targeted therapy (TT) initiation. Results: Of a total 13,139 patients, mean age was 69, 49% female, 64% white, 33% Medicare insured, and 88% treated in community setting only. Median follow up time was 9 months. The percentage of patients with upfront NGS increased from 29% in 2019 to 66% in 2022. Median OS (mOS) was longest in patients with upfront NGS compared to those with upfront non-NGS genomic tests (p < 0.05), those with NGS after 1L (p < 0.05), and those with no NGS test ever (p < 0.05) (see table). 19% of patients with upfront NGS vs. 15% of those with upfront non-NGS received TT in 1L; 23% of patients with NGS vs. 19% of those with upfront non-NGS received TT at any line of therapy. In patients with actionable genetic mutations, mOS decreased with later initiation of TT; mOS was not reached (NR) (34.6 – NR) in patients who initiated TT in 1L, 34.7 (29.1 – NR) months in those with 2L TT, and 24.3 (20.3 – 30.1) months in those who initiated TT in 3L. Conclusions: This is the first and largest study to demonstrate that upfront NGS testing leads to better OS when compared to upfront non-NGS genomic testing, later NGS, or no-NGS in aNSCLC. In line with these results, we also found an OS benefit associated with earlier TT initiation. These results highlight the significant impact of upfront NGS testing and underscore for the need for both education and wider accessibility of NGS testing. [Table: see text]


In this paper a linguistic approach for fine-tuning PD controllers via fuzzy gain scheduling is presented. Among various merits of fuzzy logic based controllers, online tuning is in the center of attention. Demonstrating the usage of fuzzy gain scheduling PD law, spacecraft attitude control is utilized and thanks to quaternion error terminology, quaternion based fuzzy gain scheduling PD controller is introduced. Also as an index for comparing this control law to conventional methods, EULERINT is employed. Simulation results for both small and large attitude commands, utilizing linear and nonlinear spacecraft dynamics, depict better control performance in terms of shorter settling time and eradicating overshoots and steady state errors for fuzzy based approach. Reduction of the overall angular path followed by spacecraft is also concluded, which illustrates the superiority of the fuzzy gain scheduled PD law.


With the development of information technology and mobile Internet, especially with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, cloud computing, which emphasizes distributed patterns rather than the centralized pattern is gradually known and applied. More and more enterprises have to adopt remote work, which greatly promotes the process of enterprise digital transformation, the digitization is greatly changing the world. The emergence of cloud computing is a huge change in traditional enterprises' concept and thinking of IT resources. The characteristics of flexibility, innovation, diversity and scale of cloud computing stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises and promote the development of enterprises. At the same time, the enterprises in the process of digital transformation are faced with various difficulties, therefore, how to choose high quality and efficient enterprise digital transformation method has become an important task for the current enterprise development. This paper takes India's digital service provider Infosys as an example and analyzes the future development direction of traditional IT outsourcing companies in the current digital environment.


Abstract This paper presents a comparison of the active control strategies of minimizing the total power supplied to a plate and maximizing the power absorbed by the secondary source. Force and moment excitations of infinite and finite plates are considered. For an infinite plate analytic solutions can be obtained for the total power supplied to the plate by the primary and secondary actuator arrays when using the two control strategies. Minimizing the power supplied by a primary force or moment with a secondary force or moment can produce large attenuation provided that the two sources are close together compared with a flexural wavelength. Minimizing the power supplied by a primary force with a secondary moment can also give attenuation of up to 5 dB when the spacing between the sources is about 0·3 times the flexural wavelength. In contrast to the acoustic case, for the infinite plate the total power supplied is generally reduced when the power absorbed by the secondary source is maximized. On a finite panel, however, maximizing the power absorbed by the secondary source can significantly increase the total power supplied. The strategy of minimizing the total power supplied can give considerably larger values of attenuation for finite rather than infinite plates, particularly at higher frequencies. This is because the structural modes can be actively controlled. A particularly efficient secondary actuator for total power minimisation appears to be an independently adjustable, but collocated, force and moment pair.


science and technology in optics rather than optics in polymerscience and technology, the title of this special section, andthus they were rejected. In general, the topic "polymers inoptics" has become very popular during the last decade, andconstructing a special section on that topic would be mucheasier than on its reverse, i.e., "optics in polymers."Moreover, an international conference on refractometryheld May 16—20, 1994, in Warsaw, Poland, preceded thecontacts previously mentioned. The conference was chairedby one of us (Pluta), who stated that a number of conferencepapers fitted perfectly into the topic ofour special section, butonly one author from France, G. Vitrant, delivered two ver-sions ofhis paper. The shorter one1 was published in SPIEIPLProceedings, Volume 2208 and the full version is included inthis special section. By contrast, this was not the case for threeother papers from Hungary,2 Spain,3 and Russia4 on, respec-tively, reflectometry ofmultilayers ofnonlinear optical poly-mers, measurements of refractive indices and thickness ofpolymer layers and foils by using a spectrophotometric inter-ference technique with variable tilt ofthe sample under study,and determination of refraction and absorption indices of thinpolymer films via frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR)spectroscopy. We regret that these excellent papers are out-side the special section topic; the SPIEIPL volume mentionedbefore took priority over this section. Such a situation is self-evident because one of us (Pluta) was responsible for that


Abstract Orobanche coerulescens has a Eurasian distribution. The species is classified as extinct at most of its localities at the western limit of its range. Its populations are very scarce and critically endangered in Central Europe. This work presents the current distribution of O.coerulescens in Poland, based on a critical revision of herbarium and literature data as well as results of original field research, and reviews its distribution in Central Europe (partly in Eastern Europe). Habitats, plant communities, and migration routes of O.coerulescens in Central Europe are discussed. The species was initially known in Poland from now historical localities in Pomerania and the valley of the lower Vistula. In 2000-2011 it was recorded at 9 localities in Podlasie, the Małopolska Upland (Wyżyna Małopolska), and the Łódź Hills (Wzniesienia Łódzkie). Its abundance at the localities ranged from a few to over 1000 shoots. These are the largest populations of O.coerulescens at its western and north-western range limits.


The results of a computational experiment on unloading a dump truck are described. The experiment was carried out on the mathematical model of a car built on the basis of Lagrange's equations. Before the movement (unloading) of cargo, the lifting of the platform is considered as a quasi-static process. From the equations of the equilibrium of the car and geometric relationships, analytical expressions are derived for calculating the force interaction between the platform and the frame. When the cargo moves as a monolithic block, the mathematical model is represented in the form of a system of differential equations. After the adoption of a number of assumptions, its solution was substantially simplified. An algorithm for solving the problem is proposed that implements the method of incremental change of parameters. The results of calculation of forces in hydraulic cylinders during unloading of BelAZ mining dump truck are given.


BACKGROUND
 Obesity and overweight have become major public health issues worldwide. mHealth is considered a potential novel strategy to intervene in overweight and obesity. The number of mHealth applications is currently large and growing rapidly, but the mechanisms and effects of their influence on users' health behaviors have not been fully elucidated.

 OBJECTIVE
 A systematic review of research on the application of mHealth to promote weight loss behaviors over the past 10 years is presented to understand the global progress of research findings on mHealth for weight loss and to deepen the systematic and comprehensive understanding of the field.

 METHODS
 A systematic review was conducted using 9 databases as search platforms. All published studies on the application of mHealth to promote weight loss between 2010 and 2020 were retrieved. The data obtained from these published studies were cleaned and structured. Excel (Microsoft Corp), VOSviewer (Nees Jan van Eck and Ludo Waltman) and the bibliometrix package in R were used to perform bibliometric analysis of publication trends, authorship, and research hot spots.

 RESULTS
 A total of 1900 articles were obtained during the initial screening, and 1561 articles were found to meet the study criteria after manual screening. We found that the number of publications is increasing rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 20.84. A total of 7326 authors published in 613 different journals and conferences, and 39% of the articles were published in 20 core journals, including JMIR mHealth and uHealth, BMC Public Health, and Journal of Medical Internet Research. Among them, JMIR mHealth and uHealth was far ahead of the other journals in terms of growth rate and volume of publications. Among all authors, the largest number of authors were from the United States and Australia. There were 10 top authors with more than 15 total publications. The key themes of research were divided into 3 broad categories (population, behavior and interventions), and the focus of research gradually shifted over the decade from exploring the theoretical basis of mHealth to how to facilitate its application, with community information services and fitness and exercise mHealth applications as emerging and under-researched topics within the field.

 CONCLUSIONS
 In terms of overall trends, research on the application of mHealth to promote weight loss is of great interest, and a relatively popular subfield is the study of mHealth for exercise and fitness. From the research content, it was found that the effect of a single exercise intervention at the individual level is limited, and there is a need to explore multidimensional and effective intervention models for individuals, families, and society, starting with diversified health behaviors such as nutritional support and health monitoring.


The paper is devoted to the development of a process of tubes extrusion from MgCa08 magnesium alloy. For optimization of extrusion process the Qform software was used. The numerical model of flow stress and fracture criterion for MgCa08 were obtained based on tension/compression measurements performed in a universal testing machine Zwick Z250. Predictions of the flow stress and deformations were modeled as well as the ductility of material. The process was optimized according to the plasticity and temperature criterions. In the optimization process, temperature of the billet and the speed of extrusion were determined. Based on the optimal parameters the extrusion of tubes with external diameter of 5 mm was performed in the laboratory press. On top of the macroscopic testing and calculations, investigations of the material microstructure and the micromechanical behavior of the material after the extrusion were performed by a combination of SEM and nanoindentation analyses. Micromechanical properties of the alloy were detected with the aid of statistical nanoindentation. Samples were characterized in terms of their microstructural defects, distribution of elastic modulus and hardness. Good particle dispersion and homogeneous-like distribution of micromechanical properties was found showing the efficiency of the extrusion process.


Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is one of the causes of pubertal failure and primary amenorrhea, it is related to uterine hypotrophy. If the uterus is extremely hypotrophied, it is difficult to identify in imaging studies and can be misdiagnosed as a structural anomaly of internal genitalia. We report a case of extreme uterine hypotrophy in 18-year-old girl with primary amenorrhea that was finally diagnosed as hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. The patient was initially suspected of Mullerian agenesis owing to the invisible uterus. After 4 months of treatment with estrogen, she showed significant growth of the uterus.


Rahikainen, Ahti Modeling muscle mechanics of arm and leg movement – A new approach to Hill's equation Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2015, 63 p. (Studies in Sport, Physical Education and Health ISSN 0356-1070; 227) ISBN 978-951-39-6270-8 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6271-5 (PDF) The first purpose of this study was to develop a constant power model of arm rotations and to provide a new solution for Hill's force – velocity equation. Elbow and shoulder extensions/flexions with maximum velocity were recorded in the sagittal plane with a special camera system in which one film frame contained a series of subject images and the paths of the marker lights were seen as dashed light lines. Additional experiments were analyzed using the Vicon motion analysis system with 8 cameras, which enabled the use higher frame rates (300 Hz). The theoretically derived model of constant maximum power was fitted to the experimentally measured data. The moments of inertia of the arm sectors, needed for determining accurate values of friction coefficients of elbow and whole arm rotations, were calculated using the immersion technique. The experiments of the present study verified that the theoretically derived equation with constant maximum power was in agreement with the experimentally measured results. The results of the present study were compared with the mechanics of Hill's model and a further developed version of Hill's force–velocity relationship was derived: Hill's model was transformed into a constant maximum power model consisting of three different components of power. It was concluded that there are three different states of motion: 1) a state of low speed, maximal acceleration without external load, which applies to the hypothesis of constant moment, 2) a state of high speed, maximal power without external load, which applies to the hypothesis of constant power and 3) a state of maximal power with external load, which applies to Hill's equation. This is a new approach to Hill's equation. The second model of the present study was based on the oscillatory movement of vertical jumping as the body center of mass moves first downwards and then upwards during ground contact. This path can be presented as a mathematical model of the leg movement. In the present study the model of leg movement without leg pushing force was constructed first and then the pushing force was added to the model. Equations (representing damped/strengthening and sine-formed oscillatory motion) were derived for the path of the body center of mass in jumping on one leg and on two legs and they fitted the experimental results. The equation of strengthening oscillatory motion also matched the measured paths of motion in counter movement jump (CMJ) starting from zero velocity and the pushing phase in shot put. It was hypothesized that the vertical displacement-time curve may become a strengthening oscillatory motion as exertion of leg force increases. In shot put the displacement of the body center of mass (CoM) was obtained from previously measured shot displacements. Velocities and forces acting at the CoM were calculated and the total ground reaction force was derived.


BACKGROUND
Ripened cheeses, such as Pecorino, are susceptible to mites and molds contamination on the crust area that must be removed before the product can be marketed. This research investigates the effectiveness of gaseous ozone treatment in the control of microbiological and mite growth without negatively affecting product quality.

RESULTS
Cheese samples were treated with gaseous ozone at 200 and 300 ppb for 8 hours per day (overnight) for 150 days in storage rooms under controlled conditions (12 °C and 85% R.H.). The results showed that ozone at 200 ppb limits the growth of mites starting from 25 days of storage and significantly reduced bacteria, molds and yeasts count starting from 75 days of storage. Concerning the physicochemical and qualitative parameters evaluated during ripening (weight loss, moisture content, dry weight, ash, fat, protein, total nitrogen, color, non-destructive firmness), no significant differences were shown between the control samples and ozone treatment at 200 ppb. Sensory analysis (consumer test) also showed no specific defects with the ozone-treated samples. It was observed that the ozone treatment at 300 ppb had limited microbiological growth and no alteration of sensory aspects but did not have the same positive impact on some aspects of overall quality, compared to ozone treatment at 200 ppb.

CONCLUSION
The use of gaseous ozone treatments during ripening of Pecorino cheese can potentially offer an excellent solution for the control of mite growth, while preserving the quality and sensory characteristics of the product. For this reason, this technique could be very useful for commercial purposes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective To explore the relationship between perceived supervisory social support and job burnout of nursing directors and to provide reference for improving clinical nursing management.Methods Questionnaires were mailed to 293 nursing directors in the secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Perceived Supervisory Social Support Rating Scale were used to measure job burnout and perceived supervisory social support and to analyze the relationship between them.Results A low score on the emotional exhaustion (13.71±9.52) and depersonalization (5.27±4.37) subscales indicated a low degree of burnout and a low score on the personal accomplishment (33.61±11.06) subscale indicated a high degree of burnout. The degree of perceived supervisory social support among nursing directors were at middle level. They were emotional support, informational support, material support, value recognition and care support by descending order. The perceived supervisory social support had a significantly negative correlation to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization except care support (P0.05, P0.01), a significantly positive correlation to personal accomplishment except material support (P0.05, P0.01). Conclusion The perceived supervisory social support of nursing directors can decrease emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and increase personal accomplishment.


The use of cattle slurry ( DLB ) as a source of nutrients on farms is a common practice . Studies are needed to assess the effect of DLB in the availability of micronutrients , considering that applications may cause excessive accumulation of Cu and Zn in the topsoil . The aim of this study was to determine how long you can implement DLB in agriculture considering the restrictions of adding micronutrients to the soil , imposed by existing laws , and to evaluate the influence of DLB in the levels of micronutrients in soil and plants corn under no-tillage system . The study was conducted in the city of Ponta Grossa, state of Parana , in a Red- Yellow francoargiloarenosa texture tillage system was more than 13 years. The DLB was applied for seven consecutive years , or 3.5 years at dosages of 0 , 60 , 120 and 180 m3 ha - 1 yr- 1 , half of the summer crop and winter crop in half . In the seventh season , maize was assessed and , after harvest , we assessed for soil to 100 cm depth . It was observed that the application of DLB increased Cu, Zn and Mn only the 0-10 cm layer of soil . The increased levels of micronutrients in the soil did not improve the yields and contents of nutrients in corn plants . Considering the current legislation , it is possible to implement DLB for 17 years under the conditions of the study , limitation imposed mainly by the levels of Zn in manure .


Juventas is a 6U CubeSat which is part of HERA planetary defense mission and takes advantage of an innovative visual based guidance, navigation and control (GNC) system to perform autonomous navigation in the proximity of the Didymain system. The GNC system is designed to ensure safe navigation in the harsh and unpredictable environment of deep space and finally to take more risks by landing on the surface of Dimorphos. To achieve a qualitative software (SW) product, a dedicated procedure of SW lifecycle is developed by starting with GNC and image processing design, which concludes with the final embedded system that will perform the visual navigation task. A Design, Development, Verification and Validation (DDVV) approach is developed to achieve the flight software: model in the loop (MIL), auto-coding, software in the loop (SIL), processor in the loop (PIL) and finally hardware in the loop (HIL). The DDVV is developed by having as guideline the ECSS standards for SW. The flight software reaches maturity by performing dynamic/static code analysis and code coverage. To ensure an optimal process, a waterfall life-cycle is considered, where dedicated MIL, SIL, PIL and HIL test benches are developed to fully support the activity and to reduce to minimum the development costs.[7]


In this paper we propose a conservative extension of the game model of Abramsky, Jagadeesan and Malacaria (AJM games, for short), with the aim to model CCS-like process algebras. The main novelty with respect to the existing game categories consists in relaxing the constraint that players should alternate: the condition we ask is that the players should alternate only in a round of the game, that is, every sequence of an odd and an even move must be played by different players, but we are free to choose if the first should be the Player or the Opponent (the Player / Opponent terminology is standard in game semantics to denote the two players of the game). Each move is associated with two new attributes: its value and its name. The value intuitively captures what it is carried by a channel, while the name is the semantic analogue of the channel: players alternate only with respect to the names of the moves (i.e. you are not allowed to play moves with different names within the same round). We apply this model to the study of a simple CCS-like process algebra. The main result is that we capture strong bisimulation by the existence of a simple "mimic" strategy between the games associated with terms.


Melissopalynological investigations are important in establishing an apiary industry. Pollen analyses of the nectar sources of Apis florea Fabr. from the Saoner region indicate the importance of this region for commercial bee keeping enterprises. Twenty seven samples were collected during winter season in the months of October 1997 to January 1998 and November 1998 to January 1999. In addition, 245 pollen loads were analyzed from 19 honey combs collected from the same region. Pollen grains were identified from reference slides. Of the 27 honey samples, 17 samples were unifloral and ten multifloral. A total of 39 pollen types were classified into 21 families. In the analyses of the 245 pollen loads Lagascea mollis Cav. was dominant in 57 pollen loads and Parthenium hysterophorus L. in 55 pollen loads. Weeds such as Parthenium hysterophorus, Sphaeranthus indicus L., Lagascea mollis, Bidens pilosa L. and Justicia procumbens L. were the common sources of nectar and pollen for Apis florea in the region. Agricultural tracts of the Saoner region in the Nagpur District have a good potential for sustaining beekeeping ventures because of the diversity of nectar and pollen taxa.


For wide spread use of casting simulation in industry, the software programs have to be easy-touse, economical, reliable, and well-supported. This has been made possible by combining methoding, solid modelling (of risers and gating), simulation, and optimisation in program called AutoCAST. The solidification computation engine is based on a hybrid technique combining Vector Element Method and Finite Difference Method, enabling accurate prediction of shrinkage porosity for even complex castings in a few minutes. By incorporating algorithms for intelligent design of feeders and gating, and their automated solid modelling, the learning curve for the software has been reduced to a few hours. It has been used for live troubleshooting and optimisation of hundreds of castings in the presence of method engineers. The user-friendliness of the software also facilitates collaboration between foundry and OEM engineers to improve the casting design for ease of manufacture, leading to significant reduction in defects, costs, and lead-time. Two such cases of industrial steel castings are presented here, to illustrate the technology, methodology, and benefits involved.


The magnetic excitations in CoPS$_3$, a two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) antiferromagnet with spin $S=3/2$ on a honeycomb lattice, has been measured using powder inelastic neutron scattering. Clear dispersive spin waves are observed with a large spin gap of ~13 meV. The magnon spectra were fitted using an $XXZ$-type $J_1-J_2-J_3$ Heisenberg Hamiltonian with a single-ion anisotropy assuming no magnetic exchange between the honeycomb layers. The best-fit parameters show ferromagnetic exchange $J_1=-2.08$ meV and $J_2=-0.26$ meV for the nearest and second-nearest neighbors and a sizeable antiferromagnetic exchange $J_3=4.21$ meV for the third-nearest neighbor with the strong easy-axis anisotropy $K=-2.06$ meV. The suitable fitting could only be achieved by the anisotropic $XXZ$-type Hamiltonian, in which the exchange interaction for the out-of-plane component is smaller than that for the in-plane one by a ratio $\alpha=J_z/J_x=0.6$. Moreover, the absence of spin-orbit exciton around 30 meV indicates that Co$^{2+}$ ions in CoPS$_3$ have a $S=3/2$ state rather than a spin-orbital entangled $J_\rm{eff}=1/2$ ground state. Our result directly shows that CoPS$_3$ is an experimental realization of the $XXZ$ model with a honeycomb lattice in 2D vdW magnets.


The influence of arsenic doping on the electrical properties of GaN films grown on sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition has been investigated using temperature dependent Hall effect and deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements. With an increase in arsine flow rate from 1.5 to 100 sccm, the carrier concentration increases from 8.6/spl times/10/sup 16/ to 7.5/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ while the mobility ranges from 250 to 400 cm/sup 2//Vs. Two deep electron trap levels were observed at around 0.22 and 0.60 eV from the undoped GaN sample, whereas the deep level at around 0.22 eV was not observed in the As-doped samples.


I teach philosophy and have researched the issue of intersex and the medical mismanagement of people born with intersex conditions. One of the struggles in examining ethical issues surrounding intersex in the context of philosophy has to do with whether I am actually attempting to help resolve ethical issues or simply using the topic of intersex to bolster my own research. Ellen K. Feder, who teaches philosophy at American University, touches on a related problem in her book Making Sense of Intersex: Changing Ethical Perspectives in Biomedicine. She writes that, although thinking about the mismanagement of intersex conditions demands theoretical thinking, she is not "working on a theoretical issue, but on the practices that [affect] people who [have] experienced violation of their bodies and senses of self." Feder attempts to root her investigations of these ethical violations by conducting interviews with people born with intersex conditions, their family members, and physicians. She attempts to locate "the problem" of intersex not in the atypical genitalia of any person, but rather in a larger social demand for normal genital appearance. Feder attempts to shift us away from the value of autonomy in medical decisions and toward the value of vulnerability—one that focuses on interpersonal relations rather than simply the will of one person or family. While Feder might appear to dismiss certain theoretical gender approaches to problems surrounding intersex, she does lead me to reconsider how abstract theory can be made to better serve the lived conditions of people with intersex conditions. Even if I might not entirely agree with all of Feder's approaches, she offers reflection on how it is that abstract theory can be used strategically, so that ethical philosophical theorists might reorient their discussions of intersex and other topics to help resolve social issues. Abstract theorizing is probably not the best vehicle for immediate social change. However, many of us can agree that careful thinking about any social issue is necessary in resolving human rights issues. I have read the work of Suzanne Kessler, whom Feder cites a number of times. Feder focuses upon Kessler's claim that we must accept "the category of gender as 'always constructed.'" I tend to think that if such a claim became very common, people in general might relax their demands for normalization of genital appearance, since gender would be taken as something like a work of art rather than a static rule. Having invested much research in Kessler's reasoning and arguments, I initially wanted to resist Feder's conclusions regarding the notion of the social construction of gender. Feder goes on to state that such arguments regarding gender have not served to end the practice of medically and unnecessarily normalizing atypical genitals, but rather have only led to stronger demands for normalization. She does point out a number of times that one of the reasons parents have sought normalization of children with intersex conditions has been to "prevent" homosexuality, a reason that, for me, is ungrounded. For that reason, I do not think Feder outright rejects gender theorizing that requires us to think of gender in non-normative ways, but rather calls upon us to reevaluate our theorizing and arguments regarding the issue of intersex. She writes that the "task is not a matter of making a good argument against the standard of care (as philosophers might want), but may require instead that we consider more carefully why it is that what appear to be sound arguments against the standard of care [of people with intersex conditions] have failed." It does seem a number of parents would be unreceptive to arguments regarding the social construction of gender. While I am unwilling to abandon those sorts of arguments, nevertheless, I should probably think about when and with whom such discussions are appropriate. If one attempts to persuade parents to delay medically unnecessary normalizing genital surgery for children with intersex conditions, one likely does not want to lead off with a highly abstract academic argument, regardless of how much truth that argument contains. As an academic researcher, I need to remember that on average, people do not have access to my conceptual tools (and have no reason to seek access), so if I want to help bring about social change for people with intersex conditions, I should learn to use my conceptual tools to navigate my conversations with the people most directly responsible for the care of children with intersex conditions—parents. Feder spends much time discussing parental demand for intersex genital surgery and the issue of familial autonomy. She writes that although "in the past, surgery was undertaken by physicians who understood themselves to be acting in the best interests of the child, these same surgeries are


Effective August 1, 1983, the Utah State Legislature placed into effect a number of amendments to the existing Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Statute. The new law requires immediate confiscation of a suspected DUI's driver's license. The suspect is given a copy of the DUI summons and citation to use as a temporary driver's license. Included in the summons is a notice of intent to suspend driving privileges at the end of a 31-day period. The new law also includes mandatory jail or community service hours upon conviction. For subsequent convictions within a 5-year period, the penalties escalate dramatically. There has also been intensified enforcement of the DUI law. As a result, defense attorneys have sharpened their skills. The DUI case has become a case requiring a great deal of time in both case preparation and presentation. Where there is so much to lose, each case is scrutinized to a point where there is no room for error on the part of law enforcement or the prosecution. In the fall of 1983, the Bountiful Police Department, located 10 miles north of Salt Lake City, initiated a program to enhance field officers' testimony in the court room. A low light level video camera and portable recorder were added to the patrol vehicle and video tapes collected to be used in court. The remainder of this article discusses the legal considerations in using video cameras and recorders, operational aspects, funding, type of equipment, and the results obtained from 2 years use of video tapes by the Bountiful Police Department.


The last three years have witnessed the development within this laboratory of several objective test methods by which to identify the presence or absence of the testis hormone in the laboratory mammal over short periods of experimentation. Moore and his collaborators have developed several different physiological and morphological indices of castration and have described the prevention of castration changes by testisextract injection. The test methods, therefore, have proved to be adequate and dependable for detecting the hormone state of an animal at any particular time. General interest in the problems of hormone production by cryptorchid testes as well as specific interest in this laboratory in the problem of hormone production during and immediately after germinal-epithelium destruction within the testis has appeared to justify a short restudy of these problems by means of these more exact indicator methods. The prostatecytology test (Moore, Price, and Gallagher, '30) and the seminal-vesicle test (Moore, Hughes, and Gallagher, '30) for the hormone state of an experimental white rat have been described in detail, and it will serve for present purposes to recall that with the former test the absence of hormone for a


Although there is a large theoretical literature concerning tax and expenditure competition between local governments, there is relatively little empirical evidence concerning whether such competition actually occurs. In the context of U.S. public school districts, the fiscal behavior of one district could affect the revenue decisions of other, nearby districts. Using financial and geographic data for every school district in the U.S. from 1972 to 2002, this paper estimates the magnitude of fiscal spillovers between districts. The results confirm that districts' revenues are influenced by exogenous shocks in their neighbors' revenues, especially for districts that are already outspending their neighbors. A one dollar increase in the mean revenues per pupil of nearby districts leads to about a 20 cent increase in a district's own revenues per pupil. These results have important implications for the optimal design of school finance programs.


Readers of the Journal of Postcolonial Writing will be saddened to hear of the sudden death last November of Professor Geoffrey V. Davis, scholar of Commonwealth literature, and then postcolonial studies, and advocate of many initiatives associated with the literatures from former Commonwealth countries. For years based at Aachen University, Germany, Geoff was three times Chair of the European Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies (EACLALS) between 2002 and 2014, and international Chair of ACLALS from 2008–11. For over a decade, he embodied the heart and soul of ACLALS and as its organisational lynchpin, maintained contact between the different branches and with the Commonwealth Foundation, its host institution. Geoff was author or editor of over 30 books on postcolonial topics, which reflect the sheer range of his knowledge of this field. His first specialism was in the literatures of Zimbabwe and South Africa, and he was founding co-editor of Matatu: A Journal for African Culture and Society. Hewas also co-editor of the series closely associatedwith EACLALS andASNEL,Cross/ Cultures: Readings in the Post/Colonial Literatures and Cultures in English, a key resource for scholars. TheChotro project, another ambitious venture, was a social and cultural collaboration between EACLALS and Ganesh Devy and his Bhasha Research and Publication Centre in Baroda. It was based in the Adivasi Academy, which promotes tribal studies and education of themarginalised tribal people in India, theAdivasis. FourChotro (meaning "brought together") gatherings were held which addressed all forms of marginalisation, and publication of the proceedings with BlackSwan and Routledge India (2009-13) helped situate Adivasi indigenous issues globally. In writing of this collaborationGaneshDevy spoke of Geoff's immense patience in dealing with surprises and shocks – invoking Keats's negative capability – "the ability to live amidst uncertainties" – as what bound the two of them together. Among the many written tributes and memories of Geoff offered in the memorial session held at the recent ACLALS conference in Auckland what stands out is the appreciation of his boundless creative energy, his modesty and generosity, his commitment to the pioneering spirit of postcolonial studies, and his infectious enthusiasm. Geoff was always ready to talk with conviction about the latest publication, the next project, or the future of ACLALS. Poignantly, just days before he died his latest book arrived with a note, "I thought this might interest you." It was an anthology of Black and South African British Literatures, and Geoff's engagement with the society in which he grew up, and the changes he witnessed as Britain became multicultural, is visible throughout. Postcolonial studies, and especially ACLALS, have lost one of their most enduring and passionate advocates. Geoff Davis will be enormously missed by all who knew him.


The aim of this paper is to develop a new optimization algorithm for the restoration of an image starting from samples of its Fourier transform, when only partial information about the data frequencies is provided. The corresponding constrained optimization problem is approached with a cyclic block alternating scheme, in which projected gradient methods are used to find a regularized solution. Our algorithm is then applied to the imaging of high-energy radiation emitted during a solar flare through the analysis of the photon counts collected by the NASA Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager satellite. Numerical experiments on simulated data show that, in both the presence and absence of statistical noise, the proposed approach provides some improvements in the reconstructions.


Marine renewables are identified as having a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emission, and Scottish Government targets for the generation of energy from renewable sources. Public policy emphasises the importance of using an ecosystem approach, and the role of public engagement in decisions about future uses of land and sea. A prototype 3D model was developed to present alternative designs of a hypothetical windfarm offshore of the island of Tiree, on the west coast of Scotland. The model was used to identify issues associated with the development of offshore windfarms, including alternative options for the heights of wind turbines, and factors such as sea state and atmospheric visibility. A virtual reality environment (Virtual Landscape Theatre) was used as the medium with invited groups from schools and youth groups, university students, natural heritage managers, planners, and the general public, enabling fly-throughs, exploring specific views, and switching between windfarms with alternative designs of turbine height. Factors identified for detailed testing included the significance of lighting conditions on the east and west coast, sea state on perceptions of seascape and wind energy generation, and people's activities at different times of the day.


The ground state energy, pressure and compressibility of solid 3He were calculated in the molar volume range 12 to 18 cm3 using the improved selfconsistent phonon theory of Goldman et al (1968). A soft core potential due to Beck (1968) was used and relatively good agreement was obtained with experiment for the pressure and compressibility.


This paper re-examines empirical exchange rate puzzles by focusing on three OECD economies (Australia, Canada, and New Zealand) where primary commodities constitute a significant share of their exports. For Australia and New Zealand especially, we find that the U.S. dollar price of their commodity exports (generally exogenous to these small economies) - has a strong and stable influence on their floating real rates, with the quantitative magnitude of the effects consistent with predictions of standard theoretical models. However, after controlling for commodity price shocks, there is still a PPP puzzle in the residual. Nevertheless, the results here are relevant to many developing country commodity exporters, as they liberalize their capital markets and move towards floating exchange rates.


for readers of this journal. In this part, Jean-Claude David analyses the evolution of the role of heritage in planning since the 1986 decision by UNESCO to include the Old Town of Aleppo in the World Heritage list. He shows how this decision was made during the debate over traumatic modernist interventions that had previously taken place. These interventions happened in the wake of André Gutton's plans during the 1950s, during the attenuation of those plans by Gioji Banshoya, who between 1968 and 1972 had been an aide to Michel Ecochard in Beirut and Damascus, and eventually during their reuse by the Baath party in the 1970s and 1980s. David illustrates how between 1982 and 1986 local public opinion pressed for the end of the destruction. He also explains the various steps of institutionalization of heritage preservation. In another chapter, Pauline Bosredon presents a parallel logic from the viewpoint of neighbourhood life, with a specific focus on the action of the German Agency for Development Cooperation (GTZ). Touria Moutia follows up on such questions, with a focus on the practices of the inhabitants of the protected areas. In a precise and well-documented essay, she compares past practices of domestic space with contemporary reinterpretations. Thierry Grandin's chapter on the relationship between the official normative framework for building restoration and initiatives by private owners, involving the use of new building materials and the desire of building additional storeys to historic houses, closes this last part of the book. This chapter is the most stimulating one, even if it also tends to lack references to ongoing debates in the profession. Samir Aı̈ta's general conclusion comes back to the situation of the city at the end of the Ottoman era and to the consequences of the new territorial partition after the First World War, which for Aleppo entailed the loss of most of its hinterland. Of course, his perspectives on the future fall short, due to the violent irruption of an ongoing war.


This article presents a new back-propagation neural network (BPN) training algorithm performed with an ant colony optimization (ACO) to get the optimal connection weights of the BPN. The concentration of pheromone laid by the artificial ants moving on the connection path is the key factor of the optimal weight determination. This is the metaphor that the optimal weights make the "total length of neuron-to-neuron connections traversed by all artificial ants," which is defined by the BPN output values and the target values of the proposed ant-based BPN, be the shortest. The generalization ability of the proposed ant-based BPN was checked by means of approximating two functions, a statistic standard normal distribution N(0,1) and a Sin(x) function, and demonstrated by comparing it to that of a standard BPN. Surprisingly, the superiority of the ant-based BPN's generalization ability in terms of both the statistical determination coefficient and the means square error is beyond the expectation


This collection of ten papers, most of which were given at the meeting of the Southern Anthropological Society in 1984, are, according to the editor, &dquo;directed to the intersection of health policy issues with approaches of applied social sciences for the purpose of delineating alternative policies for health care organization and delivery.&dquo; The majority of the papers discuss policy issues from the standpoint of empirical data on one hand and from a policy view on the other-the latter intended to be


This study sets out to detect the various markers that express forms of caste and community belonging, and, more generally, hierarchies in the language used in ordinary social interactions in villages in the hills of eastern Nepal, and how the somewhat rigid codes of civility that govern village society and language have recently evolved. The study is carried out from a socio-anthropological perspective rather than a linguistic or a literary one.1


This article considers the global stability analysis of interfered nonlinear digital filtering schemes implemented with fixed-point arithmetic. The proposed approach uses Hankel norm to verify the reduction of undesired memory effects of previous inputs (ringing) on future responses in nonlinear digital filters with saturation overflow nonlinearity and external disturbance. Also, the proposed criterion verifies the asymptotic stability of nonlinear digital filter without external disturbance. With the obtained results, it is shown that the suggested criterion is less restrictive than the existing criterion in the literature. By using Lyapunov stability theory, sector-based saturation nonlinearity, and Lipschitz continuity, the approach is framed in linear matrix inequality (LMI)-constraints. The efficacy, validity, and reduced conservatism of presented criterion are tested with two numerical examples.


A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, NIGERIA. IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF EDUCATION IN HEALTH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION, FACULTY OF EDUCATION, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA- NIGERIA


Abstract Iron(III) bis(ligand) complexes of a substituted thiosemicarbazone of 2-acetylpyridine have been prepared and charactmized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. The complex prepared from ferric chloride was found to be a 1:1 electrolyte whereas others are non-electrolytes. The ligand deprotonates and coordinates via the pyridine nitrogen, imine nitrogen, and thiolate sulfur. The neutral ligand coordinates through imine and pyridine nitrogens only. The complex prepared from ferric chloride has an ion pair geometry involving a low-spin iron(III) cation antl high spin iron(III) anion. The EPR studies indicate a high-spin low-spin equilibrium for the nitrato complex. All other complexes are low spin.


Bone age assessment (BAA) is often used to evaluate the growth status of children as part of the detection of hormonal problems and genetic disorders. The determination of skeletal maturity is done based on a radiological examination of the hand-wrist skeletal area.This paper introduces a novel approach for BAA that utilizes a histogram based comparison technique. This approach is executed as a web based system that uses an image repository and similarity measures based on content-based image retrieval. This study aims to overcome to the limitations of traditional methods utilized to estimate human age which were often imprecise.The system provides age prediction for hand and wrist x-ray images up till age of 18 years. The results of the system evaluation indicate this method as a reliable method for BAA with the error rates of -0.170625 years compared with BoneXpert system that have returned error rate of between ±0.46 to ±0.37 years.


Nowadays, chronic insomnia is a critical problem of homo-sapiens. An increase in workload and tension in life led to the development of sleep stress. Sleep stress can damage human beings in a physical, psychological, and social manner. Sickness in the stomach, tension, and frayed nerves while sleeping are the most frequent symptoms of sleep stress. Sleep stress can lead to cardiac infarction, depression, senile psychosis, gastrointestinal problems, diabetes, obesity, and emphysematous. This paper primarily focuses on the classification of sleep stress levels using standard machine learning algorithms like Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), Radial basis function Supported-Vector Classifier (RBF-SVC), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Linear Support-Vector Classifier (L-SVC), Naive Bayes (NB), Support-Vector Classifier (SVC), on the scaled dataset using Standard Scaling. LR, KNN, and SVC outperformed all the other machine learning classifiers in terms of performance metrics.


In the information era, information's important status in social life has caused people to pay great attention to information quality education. Graduates from colleges are main force in construction of modernization in China whose information quality education is especially pressing. In light of content of information quality, the paper emphasizes that library of colleges and universities should bring its value into play and develop student's information quality from several respects.


A Galerkin type finite element method is presented to simulate the inundation in low-lying area. The moving boundary technique to express the flood front and the iteration to obtain the stable numerical solution are combined with the method.The inundation in the low-lying area in Hamada city caused by the heavy rainfall of July 15, 1988, has been calculated using the presented simulation method. The peak values of flooded water level obtained from the calculated results agree well with the highest flood traces observed in the inundated area.


Objective: 1) Identify and quantify changes that occur in tumor size and tumor-free margins between surgical resection and gross pathologic analysis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma specimens. 2) Determine the extent to which these changes occur before or after tissue fixation in formalin. Method: Preliminary analysis of this ongoing prospective study is presented. Patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma undergoing surgical resection were included. Mucosal reference points were marked with sutures, representing tumor diameter and 2 separate resection margins. Measurements were recorded immediately before resection, after resection, and after fixation in formalin. Results: Specimens from 16 patients were examined. From before resection to after formalin fixation, tumor size decreased by a mean of 3.05 mm (95% CI 0.54-5.56 mm), an 11.2% reduction, P = .02. Most of this decrease (mean, 1.94 mm, 95% CI 0.04-3.84 mm) occurred between the pre- and postresection measurements (before formalin fixation), P = .046. Margins decreased by a mean of 0.84 mm (95% CI 0.12-1.57 mm) from preresection to postfixation, an 11.2% reduction, P = .025. All of this decrease occurred prior to formalin fixation. Conclusion: Preliminary analysis suggests that mucosal dimensions of both tumor and tumor-free margins in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma specimens decrease between surgical resection and gross pathologic analysis. Most of this decrease occurs prior to fixation, especially for margins, and may be due to intrinsic tissue properties rather than formalin effects.


A composite material of nitric acid oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and Nafion was prepared. Such composite was modified on a glassy carbon electrode to determine trace of lead by differential pulsed voltammetry. In pH=6.47 NaNO3 solution, Pb2+ ions were accumulated on the modified electrode at −0.4 V. Compared with a bare and a Nafion film coated electrode, the composite coated GC electrode can reduce the accumulating potential and eliminate the toxic character of mercury. The calibration plots were linear at low concentration of 5.0×10−9–2.0×10−8 mol/L and high concentration of 2.5×10−8–5.0×10−6 mol/L. The performances characteristics indicate that the electrode can be used to determine trace Pb2+ ions.


The following report presents wave data collected at two near shore locations off Hollywood Beach, Florida beginning in
January 1990 and ending May 1992. The methods used to collect and analyze the data are also presented. Significant wave
height, peak wave period, and peak wave direction are presented in time series plots, and summarized monthly in tables.
Appendices include the time series plots, wave roses of each deployment period, an overall wave rose for each site and a
diskette of the data in ASCII format. (Document has 68 pages; diskette lacking.)


The issue of detection is very critical in all the manufacturing companies. Therefore we intend to aid in defect detection by bringing in an automatic crack detection using digital image processing. When vision inspection of a product is done manually, there are chances of human error taking place or lack of efficiency or irresponsibility in some cases. This may bring a faulty piece in application leading to the possibility of failure of that component. In order to avoid such a risk, we are trying to develop an automatic crack detection system.


Automated recognition of SAR images requires feature extraction from complex-valued data. In this work, complex-valued interferometric SAR (InSAR) images, which are mainly used to construct elevation models, are proposed for feature extraction. Feature extraction based on the log-cumulants of fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) coefficients has already been proposed in the literature and found to be quite successful for the classification of single-look complex (SLC) SAR images. Here, this method is applied to the complex-valued InSAR and newly introduced complex-valued phase gradient InSAR (PGInSAR) images. In order to evaluate the classification performance for SLC, InSAR and PGInSAR images, a database of bistatic TanDEM-X interferometric pairs is constructed, and a supervised KNN classification is performed. The overall classification accuracies for a 4% training set size show that the use of InSAR and PGInSAR images outperforms SLC images by 15% and 24%, respectively. In terms of individual class accuracies, the biggest improvement is observed in agricultural fields and mixed vegetation areas.


The author applies the theory of rural social security to deep exploring the responsibility of the national government in establishing a social security system for the community of rural emigrants from reservoir building areas and puts forwards model of social security for the community.


It has been the primary objective of the considered studies to determine and describe, through calculation, measurement, and visualization of the flowfields, the basic character of isolated and interacting impinging jets. The secondary objective has been to provide computed and experimental flow properties which can be used in the development and verification of empirically based prediction methodologies for complete aircraft configurations. The studies have resulted in the solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and Jones-Launder turbulence model equations for two- and three-dimensional configurations and in the acquisition of an extensive data base and flow-visualization photographs for these configurations.


This work introduces theoretical aspects regarding hypermedial composition in virtual environments produced within serveral research projects. This hypermedial system, called "Libro de Arena" and its transference design can be thought as a "mixtopia" about artistic education, the development of knowledge and forms to communicate. The infinite causing a huge unsecurity, stressing the uncertainty. This is our current reality. However, to imagine new "mixtopias" can help us to face that uncertainty, becoming them into horizons where to navigate: imaginary detention in mistake of desire.


The present invention facilitates the war game simulation engine system and, more particularly structured error according to the simulation logic by making use of a reusable engine design also as well as memory-mapped file for jeontumo in memory relates to the operation method It relates to a war game simulation engine system and its operation method at the same time detecting that can be saved and restored on the progress itself. The present invention readily detected the involvement of a memory area according to the coding error of the simulated logic in applying the simulation logic of each unit in the execution of jeontumo events and support for debugging to be optimized for the combat training mode, reduce development time can stay has the effect of providing strong jeontumo of the engine failure, an error support to occur easily occurred correction of the simulated logic associated with the variable regions of memory Wars accuracy and seamless simulation data used in a game simulation process to It has the effect of guarantees.


Breast cancer is a leading cancer among women, high incidence of cancer is not synonymous with high mortality. Women subjected to radical or partial mastectomy after the surgery want to return to full fitness as soon as possible. Movement restrictions associated with surgery do not have a positive effect on the patients' psyche. One of the complications of surgery in the axillary region is damage to the long thoracic nerve. An impairment of the blade mechanics affects the nonergergic movement in the shoulder joint. Using the neurorehabilitation methods, the correct spatula pattern should be reconstructed. Facilitation, or traffic paving, is an effective method used also for peripheral nerve injuries. In each method, the movement is assisted by a therapist who can determine the direction of movement through resistance, or assist it. The study presents examples of activities that can be used in therapy in its various phases. The method of using methods depends on the degree of structural damage and should be modified for the purposes of therapy. A review of available literature and own experience were used for the work.


Polysiloxane SE-54 liquid phase was immobilized on the support surface as coated in thin film via in-situ cross-linking. The cross-linking between liquid molecules was initiated by dicumylperoxide. Among the supports investigated, only Chromosorb W provided the cross-linkable surface. The optimal in-situ cross-linking was achieved when Chromosorb W was coated with 5% (w/w) SE-54 and cross-linked with 1% (w/w) dicumylperoxide. The cross-linked support was useful for the trace analysis as well as for the trace enrichment.


Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting (BGP) is a petroleum geophysical company under PetroChina specialized in oil geophysical exploration including seismic, gravity, magnetic force,electric survey and geochemical prospecting as well as manufacture of geophysical equipment.


With the fast-speed increasing development of electronic information industries in high science technol-ogy field since 20th,the recycle time of electronic waste(e-waste)has become shorten and shorten and a great number of e-waste appeared.On the other hand,rapid increase of e-waste and rush in e-waste form abroad has become the menace to our environmental safety.Being complex constitutes and large of pollutant in e-waste,it would cause seriously containment if improperly disposal.This paper presents the basic concept of e-waste,hazardous waste treatment and the status quo of China's electronic,in summing up the foreign e-waste management and treatment on the basis of experience,put forward China's e-waste processing resources of the countermeasures.


The quantity and quality of FDI inflow differs due to the trade cost and technology after South-South and South-North RTAs are concluded.Based on the knowledge-capital model and the regression model using the data of OECD and ASEAN countries,it is found that South-North RTAs can bring more FDI than South-South.The best choice for developing countries is the South-North RTA.


Sightseeing medical has been the common trend of the global tourist development and the mainstream of the future tourist industry.Hubei Province,as a great one in tourist and medical resources,has many competitive advantages in developing sightseeing medical.The paper has,from the tourist resources and medical technology distribution,has designed four sightseeing medical lines for the tourists,and also analyzed the social and economic effect.


We introduce a novel multi-relational learning algorithm based on simultaneous nonnegative matrix factorizations, able to distinguish between "target" and "background" relations, deal with incomplete data and so-called "link" functions. The ability to handle incomplete data allows us to tackle both relation prediction and clustering. Moreover, the nonnegativity constraints are essential for the interpretability of the resulting clusters. We apply our approach to a large breast cancer dataset for which we find 5 subclasses that agree very well with the known subclassification of this disease, while emphasizing the main biological processes and genes involved in the corresponding subtypes.


AIM:To investigate the expression and significance of Pokemon(POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic) proto-oncogene in colorectal cancer.METHODS:The expression of Pokemon in the tumor tissues,corresponding tumor adjacent tissues and the surrounding tissues collected from 47 operation-treated cases of colorectal cancers was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the clinical and histopathologic records were retrospectively analyzed.The expression of Pokemon protein was detected by immunohistochemical(IHC) techniques in 53 cases of colorectal cancer to explore its relation with the survival time of the patients.RESULTS:The expression of Pokemon mRNA in colorectal tumor and corresponding tumor adjacent tissues,with no significant difference between them(P=0.054),was markedly higher than that in the surrounding tissues(P0.05).It was correlated with Dukes staging,tumor differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis condition(P0.05),but was not associated with the patients' gender,age,smoking and drinking,and tumor position,size and infiltration depth(P0.05).The survival rate of patients with negative Pokemon expression was significantly higher than that of patients with positive Pokemon expression(P=0.035).CONCLUSION:Pokemon is over-expressed in colorectal cancer,which may have some clinical significance in prognostic evaluation and offer an effective new target for treatment of colorectal cancers.


Abstract— A pixel structure for shutter‐glasses‐type stereoscopic 3‐D active‐matrix organic light‐emitting‐diode (AMOLED) displays is proposed. The proposed pixel programs data to the pixel during the light‐emission time of an OLED. Because the emission time of the proposed pixel is extended, it is expected that the proposed pixel not only decreases the peak current of the OLED during the emission period but also reduces flicker. Moreover, the aperture ratio of the proposed pixel is 58.69% for a 50‐in. full‐high‐definition (FHD) condition by minimizing the number of thin‐film transistors (TFTs), capacitors, and control signal lines as seven TFTs, two capacitors, two power lines, and four control lines per unit pixel. Simulation results show that the error in the emission current of the proposed pixel is from −0.82% to +0.90% when the threshold‐voltage variation of the driving TFT is ±1.00 V, and the maximum variation of the emission current is −1.35% when a voltage drop in the power line is −0.50 V on a full‐white‐image display.


"Minimalist" has grown into more than just a buzzword amongst Web designers. In the past ten years, a minimalist design aesthetic has rapidly gained popularity and respect in mainstream Web audiences. Most Web design experts agree that minimalist Web designers approach their work with a 'less-is-more' philosophy: only absolutely necessary graphic and content elements should be included. However, Web design experts differ in the details, and each has a slightly different argument about what characteristics qualify as minimalist. This study surveys the writings of several prominent Web design experts to tease out a working definition of what constitutes a minimalist Web interface. The study then codes a sample of minimalist interfaces based on the most important characteristics of minimalism, as determined by the working definition. The results suggest that visual focus on primary content, flat graphic design, and restricted color palettes are important features of minimalist websites.


We all want the learning process to work. The business itself benefits when we learn to be more engaged and productive. The CEO wants us to learn in order to add more value to the organisation and to our customers. Management, L and D, our colleagues and even we, as individuals, all want learning to work and performance, enjoyment and personal reward to increase. We want better results, faster, more easily or more enjoyably. So what then stops us, and what can we do about it?


This is a book that will be of value to many. The themes include trade, exports (British to India and vice versa), invisibles, private investment, aid and technical assistance, education and research, population exchanges, defense, the media, and political relations. Each part is buttressed by thorough referencing and relevant tables. Economists and political scientists will find each of these sections grist to the mill of contemporary analysis both of Britain and of India.


To the Editor:— As orthopedic consultant to a disability-evaluation agency, I analyze medical reports from physicians, specialists, and generalists throughout the country. The Lasegue test is commonly used in the physical examination of patients with low back impairments. It is evident that the method of performance of this diagnostic maneuver varies with the physician. Reference to the original literature revealed the following facts. The Lasegue test consists of two maneuvers. First, a passive straight-leg-raising test is carried out (Fig 1). Then as the second, and "verification" maneuver, the leg is again raised (jack-knifed) but with the knee flexed (Fig 2). Whereas the first maneuver will produce back and/or leg pain in the presence of low back pathology, the second maneuver can be carried out without the production of pain. A positive Lasegue sign therefore consists of (1) the production of an anatomically proper pain on straight-leg raising and (2) absence


Abstract Free and forced in-plane vibrations of circular arches with variable cross-sections are investigated. Using the Kirchhoff assumptions for thin beams and taking the neutral axis as inextensible, a closed form solution is obtained for circular arches of uniform cross-section. This exact solution is used for circular arches with stepped cross-sections and is applied to obtain an approximate solution for arches with non-uniform cross-sections. For free vibration, an analytic form of frequency equation is obtained by using the general solution expressed in terms of some initial parameters at one end of the arch; while for forced vibration, the system's response is obtained analytically by solving a set of algebraic equations with only three unknowns. Several examples are presented to illustrate the validity and accuracy of the method.


Chapter 2 analyzes the critical reception of Serge Lifar at the Paris Opera during the 1930s. Evidence is presented of Lifar's poor critical reception at the start of the decade and the characteristics of his dancing are analyzed in relation to the developing ideals of neoclassical ballet. The analysis reveals a gradual drift in critical language toward a fascist conception of Lifar's dancing body as a polarity machine. This vision of Lifar is put forward with respect to the double level of artistic activity demanded of the dance artist who, as choreographer, is the contemplative painter of compositions, but who as dancer is the sculptor whose artistic material is his own body. Lifar seemed to embody by turns both the Apollonian and Dionysian sides of Nietzsche's influential argument on the origin of tragedy. The chapter also covers the debate over the meaning of neoclassicism in French ballet during the 1930s and the role Lifar played in this debate both as an object of discussion and an interlocutor. Critics include Russian émigrés under the influence of Akim Volynsky: André Levinson, Julia Sazonova, and André Schaïkevitch and their French compeers Roger Lannes and Maurice Brillant. Arguing for a formalist and idealist conception of balletic neoclassicism, the Russo-French school used the work of Serge Lifar as their main example. This chapter also explores in depth André Levinson's change of heart concerning Lifar and the relation of Lifar to Vaslav Nijinsky in Levinson's criticism.


BBB is acting as a highly selective membrane that separates the circulating blood from brain fluid [1]. This barrier is formed by endothelial cells which are connected to each other at "tight" junctions that create a complete seal between them. Consequently, only lipophilic molecules are able to cross the barrier. Hydrophilic substances, in contrast, are unable to cross the lipid walls unless associated with a specific transporter. Because of this, BBB prevents the treatment in a number of brain diseases by blocking the delivery of drugs [2] (Figure 1).


Second-generation high-temperature superconductors (HTS) REBCO are promising for high-field application due to the excellent Jc(B) performance at low temperatures and for power transmission at liquid nitrogen temperature. For power transmission with HTS, the formation of high-current HTS cables from single HTS tapes is desirable for cable currents of several 10 kA up to more than 100 kA. On the other hand, to avoid high inductances, which would cause high-voltage problems in case of quench or fast shutdown, high-current HTS cables are needed for larger high-field magnets, too, typically operated at 4.5 K or lower. In the last years, several HTS cable designs have been proposed, such as twisted stacked cable, CORC cable, and Roebel cable. This talk will give an overview of such proposals and highlight actual developments in HTS cable design and REBCO tape optimization, e.g., for highest field. In addition, an optimization of round TSTC strand will be introduced, which is designed for simple fabrication in long lengths for versatile use either for the production of cables to be used at high fields or for power transmission.


Today, it is very common to install and use communications, Electronic Warfare (EW) and radar payloads on a single platform. This causes location and interoperability problems even on large platforms like ships where there exist no tight weight and space limitations. However, this may be a serious problem, that shall be handled with highest priority, on small platforms like UAVs and fighters. Joint usage of the antenna and RF layers on board the platform by communication, EW and radar payloads is a smart solution to the location problem and thanks to evolving technologies like active phased-array antennas, MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) and MEMS (Micro Electrical-Mechanical Systems) now it is possible to common up the RF components on small platforms and reduce the weight, space and power requirements. In this work, we propose a method for optimal scheduling of the AESA antennas which can be used for radar and EW system commonly.


A systems approach is being applied in many areas of the biological sciences, particularly in cancer research. The coordinated, simultaneous extraction of DNA, RNA, and proteins from a single sample is crucial for accurate correlations between genomic aberrations and their consequences on the transcriptome and proteome. We present an approach to extract and completely solubilize up to 98% of the total protein recovered from archived samples following TRIzoL isolation of RNA and DNA. We also demonstrate using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and Western blot analysis that the proteins, representing both a wide molecular weight range and some posttranslational modifications, such as protein phosphorylation, remain stable in phenol-ethanol for up to 3 years at -20 degrees C.


The IPv4 over IPv6(4over6) mechanism is a mechanism put forward by the Tsinghua university,this mechanism's aim is to interconnect IPv4 networks over IPv6 backbones.We implement the 4over6 mechanism on IXP2400 by detailed analysis on highly speed programmable character of IXP2400 and 4over6 implementation based on Solaris system.Furthermore,we add the NAT-PT mechanism,so users can directly visit on IPv6 network.finally,we carry out an entire mechanism of transition from IPv4 to IPv6.


Oversampled analog to digital converters (delta-sigma A/Ds) have been proposed to radically reduce the size, cost and power consumption of digital ultrasound beamformers. Simply replacing conventional A/Ds with single bit oversampled versions, however, produces significant image artifacts for a dynamic focus system. In addition, spectral Doppler measurements are severely compromised. Here, the authors disclose a complete beamformer exploiting oversampling principles on both transmit and receive that doesn't suffer from these problems. The architecture preserves the simplicity of an oversampled design, yet produces high quality B-scan and color flow images, as well as sensitive spectral Doppler measurements. Here, the authors present simulations and emulations using actual array data, to demonstrate the capabilities of the system.


BACKGROUND
Since the first reports on indications and outcome for abdominal procedures in the HIV/AIDS patient were published 20 years ago, the epidemiology and presentation of surgical illness have changed remarkably with the advent of new antiviral regimens. A review of the now occasional, but still important, role of the surgeon in contemporary treatment of HIV/AIDS is presented.

DATA SOURCES
Information was obtained by PubMed searches of medical journals, examination of reference lists, and Web resources.

STUDY SELECTION
Articles on operative indications, outcomes, precautions, source of transmission, and pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS were selected.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data was obtained from peer-reviewed articles and references.

DATA SYNTHESIS
The last 2 decades have seen a decrease in operative mortality from as high as 85% to approximately 15% with a corresponding improvement in morbidity. Surgical emergencies such as appendicitis occur in HIV patients with the same frequency as non-HIV patients and are treated with equivalent results. Concern about transmission of HIV in the operating room has lessened somewhat. Although still a hazard, the probability of HIV transmission with accidental exposure is low, with risks below 0.5% for percutaneous hollow-bore needles and less than 0.1% risk for mucus membrane exposure.

CONCLUSIONS
Improved surgical outcomes together with of accurate data on the modes and likelihood of accidental transmission of HIV to members of the surgery team have resulted in the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients becoming an accepted part of routine surgical practice.


The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the MaxiSorb® feed additive on the anatomical and histological parameters of the muscles of broiler chickens with chronic mycotoxicoses. It was found that the feed additive has a beneficial effect on the growth and development of poultry, promotes the growth of muscle tissue in chickens. The parameters of the thickness of muscle fibers and of the bundles of muscle fibers of the quadriceps femoris and superficial pectoral muscles of the experimental groups exceed those of the control groups. The data obtained indicate the expediency of using the MaxiSorb® feed additive in the diet of broiler chickens.


The best poem in this four-hundred-year-old book, which itself is a translation of a two-thousand-year-old book, concerns erectile dysfunction: She on my necke her Ivorie armes did throw, That were as white as is the Scithian snow, And eagerlie she kist me with her tongue, And under mine her wanton thigh she flong. Yea, and she soothde me up, and calde me sir, And used all speech that might provoke and stirre. Yet like as if cold hemlocke I had drunke, It mocked me, hung down the head and suncke. Explaining in the book's first poem how it is that he came to write love poetry, Ovid recounts that he originally set out to write a martial epic in muscular hexameters, but that Cupid stole one metrical foot from every other line, leaving him writing in an elegiac measure better suited to Latin love poetry. Marlowe's translation captures this in a wonderful English couplet: When in this workes first verse I trod aloft, Love slackt my Muse, and made my numbers soft. Numbers aren't the only things that go soft in these pages. Marlowe's Ovid may be endowed with a member that can't make love, but that predicament makes for an excellent, metrically alert, and pungently witty poetry. Marlowe's is the first translation into any modern vernacular of Ovid's notorious collection of salacious instruction, the Amores; little surprise, then, that it was promptly banned and burned by the London authorities when first published in 1599 (six years after Marlowe's murder), and not just for its twisted Latinate syntax: "Let Maydes whom hot desire to husbands leade, /And rude boyes touched with unknowne love me reade." Ovid, too, was met by official resistance: in contrast to Virgil's state-sanctioned Georgics and Aeneid, the shape-shifting antics of Ovid's Metamorphoses and the polymorphous perversities of his Amores flew in the face of Augustus's sumptuary and religious laws, and earned him permanent exile from imperial Rome, whose pieties his poems so insistently mock. Like Ovid before him--and in contrast to Spenser and Shakespeare--Marlowe wrote at the perimeters of the permissible; in this verse translation he ventriloquially advertises the atheism and concupiscence that his plays bombastically articulate, to the delight and outrage of his contemporaries. "God is a name, no substance," one elegy dangerously insists; others are composed pointedly against "rawe warres bloudy jawes," and replace martial arms with amorous extramarital ones: "what armes and shoulders did I touch and see, /How apt her breasts were to be prest by me." The anatomical aptness here is amplified by the neat phonetic fit between the verb and their object: at its best Marlowe's translation achieves an almost sculptural or tactile depth. Such richly textured displays of "lewd and loose behaviour" were no more welcome in Elizabethan England than they were in Augustan Rome; their salty realism must have registered with Marlowe's contemporaries as a jaunty rebuke to the sonnet sequences that cluttered the literary landscape with neoplatonizing Petrachan expressions of courtly love. One thing that makes Ovid's and Marlowe's heresies last is how insistently metrical they are, how measured their articulation of wanton abandon. "Trust in good verse," the poems insist, frequently obtruding the question of form; Marlowe's taut line-by-line Englishing intensifies and preserves that trust. His heroic couplets contrast with the flowing fourteeners of Arthur Golding's translation of the Metamorphoses, even as they anticipate the balance, poise, and analytical intelligence of Alexander Pope. Witness Marlowe's control translating Ovid's loss of control when Cupid hits him with his eros: Thus I complaind, but Love unlockt his quiver, Tooke out the shaft, ordaind my hart to shiver: And bent his sinewy bow upon his knee, Saying, Poet, heers a worke beseeming thee. …


Review(s) of: The devouring Dragon: How China's rise threatens the natural world, by Craig Simons; Scribe, 2013; 304pp; $29.95, (paperback).


Abstract : The medical records of 518 male and 43 female mechanics at Fort Bragg, North Carolina were screened for injuries occurring in a 1-year period. An injury was defined as an event in the medical record indicating the Soldier sought medical care for an overuse or traumatic condition. Weight, height, age, and ethnicity were also extracted from the medical records; body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height*height. The person-time injury rates for men and women were 124 and 156 injuries/100 person-years, respectively. Limited duty days for men and women were 2076 and 1966 days/100 person-years, respectively. For the men, 34% of the injuries involved the upper body, 19% the lower back and 46% the lower body. For women, 24% of the injuries involved the upper body, 10% the lower back, and 62% the lower body Activities associated with injury included (in order of incidence) physical training, mechanical work, sports, airborne-related activities, road marching, garrison/home activities, and chronic conditions. Among the men, elevated injury risk was associated with greater weight and greater BMI.


Combined with practical work the engineering geological characters of dangerous rock zone in Fetuguan station are analyzed; at the same time three potential failure modes of the dangerous rock are predicted. And based upon stability analysis and calculation proper suggestions are proposed for protection and treatment.


ABSTRACT Objective: Describe chlamydia positivity among young women tested at college health centers by student characteristics: age, race/ethnicity, and institution type. Participants: During 2008–2010, colleges participating in a national infertility prevention program provided chlamydia testing data from females aged 18–24. Methods: Chlamydia positivity (number of positive tests divided by the number tested) among females stratified by college type (4-year versus 2-year and minority serving institutes [MSIs]) was determined. Results: Chlamydia testing data were provided by 148 colleges: 37 (26%) MSIs and 21 (15%) 2-year colleges. Of the 118,946 chlamydia tests, 6.5% were positive. Chlamydia positivity in females at 4-year colleges was 6.6% versus 5.3% at 2-year colleges (p = .0001). Positivity at MSIs was almost double of that at non-MSIs, 10.0% versus 5.4% (p = .0001). Conclusions: Chlamydia positivity may be higher among college females than previously thought. Higher positivity at MSIs suggests that targeted sexually transmitted infection prevention efforts may be useful for high-risk college populations.


ABSTRACT While anti-reflective properties of pyramid texture are widely used, their use for thermal radiation control has received relatively little attention and the understanding of geometric parameters for design optimization is not well established. Here we use finite-difference time-domain simulations in conjunction with an algorithm to optimize thermal characteristics of micropyramid-textured metallic, ceramic, and polymer materials. Our simulations indicate that the pyramid height-to-base ratio is an effective parameter in developing an engineered thermal response. For nickel, the micropyramids with 2–4 height-to-base ratios over 0.5–4 µm base spans provide near-perfect absorption in 300–2500 nm wavelengths. The electric field analysis shows the optical properties are driven by the effects of localized resonance and field confinement. Our thermal cost function-based optimization has led to micropyramid texture that can have a significant impact on heating or cooling such as the solar absorption increase in nickel from 337 to 982 W/m2, the thermal emission increase in alumina from 106 to 170 W/m2, and the thermal emission increase in PDMS from 160 to 172 W/m2. This work not only provides the understanding of micropyramid properties for thermal radiation control but also presents an algorithmic process that could be used for efficient optical-thermal optimization of geometries beyond micropyramids.


Spectral decomposition based on sparse constrained inversion, as proposed in recent years, is a high-resolution time-frequency domain analysis method. However, the traditional inverse spectral decomposition (ISD) algorithm is based on an inverse wavelet transform (IWT) whose mother wavelet is a Ricker wavelet function instead of an adaptive wavelet, which causes poor continuity and instability of the ISD results. In this paper, we have extended ISD into other linear transforms and have developed an ISD based on inverse S transform (ISD-IST), which has higher continuity and stability due to the more adjustable and adaptable mother wavelet of the S transform. Comparison of conventional methods and the ISD-IST shows that the ISD (ISD-IWT and ISD-IST) methods have higher resolution and accuracy and can provide more reliable time-frequency phase spectra, and it further verifies the greater continuity and stability of ISD-IST over ISD-IWT. Frequency-dependent AVO (FAVO) inversion is regarded as a potential hydrocarbon identification technique (Wilson et al 2009 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts pp 341–5). However, it is frequency-decomposition based, which means that inversion results can be greatly affected by the effect of time-frequency analysis (Wu et al 2010 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts pp 425–9; Wu et al 2014 Geophys. Prospect. 62 1224–37). Combining the FAVO inversion and high-resolution time-frequency decomposition ISD allows better dispersion attributes to be obtained. Results from application in Southwest China demonstrate that the high frequency-resolution of ISD is helpful in the extraction of gas-induced frequency anomalies from post-stack data, and its high time-resolution helps to obtain high time-resolution gas-induced dispersion results from FAVO inversion. The results of FAVO-ISD not only agree better with well information, but also supply more credible boundary information for the reservoirs. ISD-IST can provide more continuous results and smoother boundary information for the gas reservoir than ISD-IWT.


We describe a preterm infant (31 weeks' gestation) with unilateral pulmonary emphysema. Bronchoscopy showed no bronchial obstruction. After 20 days of right‐sided high‐frequency oscillating ventilation, the emphysema in the left lung had completely resolved and the patient could be extubated.


Superinfection exclusion is the phenomenon whereby a virus infected cell becomes resistant to subsequent re‐infection with the same or a related virus. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the many viruses for which superinfection exclusion has been demonstrated. Three HIV proteins (Nef, Vpu and Env) have been implicated in mediating the effect; however, the mechanism of resistance has not been well described. Here we demonstrate that the HIV‐1 envelope protein (Env) when over‐expressed is sufficient to mediate superinfection exclusion. The mechanism appears to work at the cell surface CD4 receptor and is independent of CD4 down‐regulation and does not appear to involve either the CCR5 or the CXCR4 co‐receptor. These results challenge the assumption that down regulation of the CD4 receptor during infection is critical in preventing super infection. As an extension to our study, we have demonstrated that the Human T‐Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV) can be pseudotyped using HIV Env. We have developed a replication competent HTLV‐1 virus that expresses the HIV‐1 (in place of the HTLV‐1) Env protein. With this chimeric virus, we plan to transduce CD4+ human T cells and demonstrate that these cells can be protected from HIV‐1 superinfection.


A computer-implemented method provides logic for delivering content data. In one implementation, the computer-implemented method receives content data and metadata. The metadata is associated with a plurality of temporal positions in the content data. Based on the association, the content data is selectively delivered.


In this paper, a simple and handy test method for determination of the tensile crack bridging law of PCM-concrete interface is proposed. Based on the fatigue failure mechanism of PCM-concrete interface that is governed by crack propagation as the result of interface bridging degradation, the J-integral method proposed for determining the tension softening relation of concrete under static loading is modified to determine the PCM-concrete interface tensile stress degradation relation. The derived degradation relation is compared to that of normal concrete under cyclic uniaxial tensile tests, and it can be found that the PCM-concrete interface has higher degradation rate so that more attention should be paid to the PCM-concrete interface during the design of PCMretrofitted structures under fatigue loading.


Abstract. Accurate modelling of pan evaporation has a vital importance in the planning and management of water resources. In this paper, the response surface method (RSM) is extended for estimation of monthly pan evaporations using high-order response surface (HORS) function. A HORS function is proposed to improve the accurate predictions with various climatic data, which are solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed from two stations, Antalya and Mersin, in Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The HORS predictions were compared to artificial neural networks (ANNs), neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) and fuzzy genetic (FG) methods in these stations. Finally, the pan evaporation of Mersin station was estimated using input data of Antalya station in terms of HORS, FG, ANNs, and ANFIS modelling. Comparison results indicated that HORS models performed slightly better than FG, ANN and ANFIS models. The HORS approach could be successfully and simply applied to estimate the monthly pan evaporations.


Tactile discrimination has been extensively studied, but mechanical pain discrimination remains poorly characterised. Here, we measured the capacity for mechanical pain discrimination using a twoalternative forced choice paradigm, with force-calibrated indentation stimuli (Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments) applied to the hand and foot dorsa of healthy human volunteers. In order to characterise the relationship between peripheral neural and perceptual processes, we recorded singleunit activity from myelinated (A) and unmyelinated (C) mechanosensitive nociceptors in the skin using microneurography. At the perceptual level, we found that the foot was better at discriminating noxious forces than the hand, which stands in contrast to that for innocuous force discrimination, where the hand performed better than the foot. This observation of superior mechanical pain discrimination on the foot compared to the hand could not be explained by the responsiveness of single primary afferents. We found no significant difference in the discrimination performance of either the myelinated or unmyelinated class of nociceptors between skin regions. This suggests the possibility that other factors such as skin biophysics, receptor density or central mechanisms may underlie these regional differences. Significance Statement Standard clinical practice for diagnosing neuropathies and pain disorders often involves assessing thresholds for pain or light touch. The ability to discriminate between different stimulus intensities is a separate but equally important sensory function, however this is not typically assessed in the clinic, and so studying this may provide insights into pain signalling mechanisms. Here, we investigated the ability of healthy individuals to discriminate between different forces of painful indentation. We found that the foot was better at this than the hand. This difference could not be explained by the firing activity of peripheral nociceptors (pain-signalling neurons) between the two regions, suggesting that mechanisms other than nociceptor sensitivity are involved.


Taking introduced 300 MW generate sets for example,the effect on generating sets produced by super-heater and re-heater de-superheating spray is analyzed by utilizing the thermo-economy system state equations.According to the digital analysis,the effect on generating sets of super-heater spray de-superheating when the water from feed pump is not strong,and the super-heater spray de-superheating may be widely used in practice.While the effect on generating sets of re-heater spray de-superheating is much stronger than the effect of super-heater spray de-superheating,and the thermal efficiency will decrease obviously.It is found that the use of re-heater spray de-superheating should be avoided during operation.