Visible light induced frequency switching behavior, exhibited by the electrochemically deposited thin films of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) encapsulated Ag2S nanosphere (core-shell) is shown here. A low frequency (∼40 Hz) pulse was found to be generated upon illumination with 1 Sun due to excitonic transition, which also showed good switching behavior with the "on" and "off" state of the light. Capping of the semiconductor surface by a polymer like PVP reduces the surface states and thus lowers the built in barrier height and the width of depletion region. So, the number of photo generated but non recombining electron-hole pairs (excitons) increases, which put their signature in some unique physical properties like increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity, light induced frequency switching behavior due to free exciton generation, etc. Here, the depositions were carried out on indium tin oxide coated glass substrates from an aqueous solution of AgNO3, thioacetamide, and PVP. The films were structurally c...


The spectral decomposition property has been instrumental in developing a local spectral theory for closed operators acting on a complex Banach space. This paper gives some necessary and sufficient conditions for a closed operator to possess the spectral decomposition property. In the monograph [3] and in a sequel of papers by the authors, a local spectral theory has been built for closed operators on the sole assumption of the spectral decomposition property. As an abstraction of Dunford's concept of "spectral reduction' [2, p. 1927] and that of Bishop's "duality theory of type 3" [1], an operator T endowed with the spectral decomposition property produces a spectral decomposition of the underlying space, pertinent to any finite open cover of the spectrum a( T) . In this paper we obtain some conditions equivalent to the spectral decomposition property. Some of them generalize results from [4].


Abstract Ecological assessment of ground cover by conventional on‐the‐ground point sampling is labor intensive, expensive, and biased by access. Historically, motion blur has prevented high‐resolution aerial photography from being used for ground cover measurements. To reduce motion blur we used a fixed‐wing, 225‐kg (empty weight) airplane flown at 72 km/hr ground speed 100 m above ground level with both a modified Hulcher 70 mm camera (500 mm lens, Kodak Aerocolor HS SO‐846 film, 1/4,000‐second shutter speed), and a Canon 11. 1 ‐megapixel, automatic, digital single lens reflex, color camera (420 mm focal‐length lens). The resulting very‐large scale aerial (VLSA) photography had resolutions of 5.0 and 2.1 mm GSD (Ground Sample Distance) for the scanned film and digital‐camera images, respectively. Motion blur was minimal. The cost for obtaining 450 VLSA photographs over a 70,800‐ha watershed was $0.07 ha. We found our methods well adapted for extensive aerial surveys to monitor the ecological condition of rangeland watersheds.


Pulse wave (PW) is a physiological event, observable and measurable in the arterial system during blood circulation. One of characteristics that can be determined from a PW record is heart rate variability (HRV), an indication of beat-to-beat alterations in the heart rate. HRV is an accurate and reliable reflection of several physiological factors modulating the normal rhythm of the heart. HRV has escalated in use as an important diagnostic tool which indicates the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomous nervous system (ANS) and the synchronization between them. HRV patterns are also sensitive to changes in emotional state and can be used to distinguish positive and negative emotions. However, HRV is just one of characteristics that can be extracted from a good quality pulse wave record. Other characteristics of the PW in the time and frequency domains can serve as an indication of the status of a cardio-vascular system.Modern personal health monitoring tools, which use data processing capability of smartphones and personal computers, make daily or even continuous HRV analysis available for users who are affected by sedentary life style, high stress, and fatigue. The practical application of the PW monitoring requires, besides software and electronic, selection of clinically meaningful characteristics of the pulse wave and communicating them to a non-medical user. For this purpose, it is proposed to use, in addition to HRV, to use the characteristics based on duration of the four phases of the pulse wave, and compare them with the baseline level obtained for the same user under non-stressed conditions. Deviations from the baseline are presented to the user. Correlation of these readings with objective parameters of the cardio-vascular system is supported by clinical data.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


A new synthetic protocol for carbazoles through gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of (Z)-2-(enynyl)indoles was achieved in good yields. The requisite (Z)-2-(enynyl)indoles were synthesized stereoselectively by trimethylgallium-promoted, Z-selective Wittig olefination of N-alkylindole-2-carboxaldehydes with propargyl ylides. Substrates possessing both alkyl as well as aromatic groups are well tolerated under these reaction conditions.


The primary goal of this paper is to propose and simulate crowdsourcing-based solutions which might optimize the scientific peer review system. More specifically, a global reviewer database and gamification techniques will be proposed with the goal of obtaining more high-quality reviews for papers received by journals. The proposed modifications were assessed in a multi-agent simulation environment, in which the members of the reviewer crowd were modeled as agents. Our simulation-based evaluations implemented in the MASON multi-agent environment showed that the introduction of the above improvements would allow editors to find the most suitable and responsive reviewers, as well as to lower the number of scientific papers which do not receive enough reviews.


The classification of pleural effusions as transudates or exudates often is an early step in their evaluation (1)(2)(3)(4). Exudates but not transudates require additional and often invasive diagnostic procedures. The criteria of Light et al. (5) for classification of pleural effusions have been reported to lead to unwarranted invasive diagnostic procedures in 20–30% of patients with a transudate (1)(3) and to misclassify some exudates as transudates (3)(4).

Protein analysis has been proposed to improve classification into transudates or exudates based on the assumption that large proteins are present only in exudates because of the increased capillary permeability (1). Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) has been the standard procedure for serum protein fractionation for >30 years, but it is laborious and methods do not agree (6)(7)(8). Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is an attractive alternative (6)(9)(10) and avoids between-protein differences in dye affinity.

We evaluated the Beckman Paragon CZETM 2000 system, a multicapillary instrument for automated serum protein electrophoresis (7)(8), for quantitative fractionation of proteins in body fluids.

For method comparison, leftover samples from 49 pleural and 11 ascitic fluids from 47 inpatients were used. There were no preset selection criteria regarding age, sex, or type of disease (11); however, only 37 pleural effusions were classified as transudates or exudates after exclusion of patients lacking definitive clinical diagnosis (n = 5), patients with multiple diagnoses (n = 3), or in case of interference by radioopaque agents (n = 4). A serum sample was collected simultaneously with the pleural fluid (n = 30) or within 24 h before (n = 13) or after (n = 17) the puncture. Final diagnosis was retrieved from the patient's file based on the conclusions reached by …


It is important in the age of the INTERNET and video games to keep students engaged in the classroom. One way of doing this is through the use of games and simulations. TABOO™ is a card game which involves getting players to say a keyword without saying five forbidden words1. This can be adapted for any number of different subjects. In this paper the game was adapted for use in "Detection and Estimation" (EENG663) class at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). A study was conducted to see if there is a difference in the scores of the final examination for two different groups. Data was obtained on the students. Their project, midterm and final exam scores were recorded. Group one took EENG663 without the additional game preparation, group two had the additional review given right before the final exam. A statistical analysis of the scores is presented in this paper. Some students also completed a survey that asked their opinions on using the game in the classroom. Results show that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean final exam scores for the two groups.


This study aims to be able to determine the level of achievement of students' understanding of the subject of Natural Sciences (IPAS) after applying the learning method using simple generator learning media and to find out the effect of learning methods using simple generator learning media on increasing student understanding. This research took place at SDN Punten 01 Batu which was carried out from October to November 2022/2023 odd semester with the research subjects being students of class IV (Four). The results of this study concluded that the learning method using simple generator learning media can increase students' understanding which can be seen from the learning completeness of students in each cycle. The stage in cycle I got a presentation result of 36.36% while the stage in cycle II got a result of 81,82% so that the application of the learning method using simple generator learning media affects students' understanding which can increase students' learning motivation. Learning using this method has a very positive value in improving student learning achievement.


In this paper we examine two variance-reduction strategies for estimating the parameters of a simulation metamodel that are based on the reduction of the variances of the mean of the responses across the design points that comprise the simulation experiment through the effective combination of well known variance-reduction techniques. In the first strategy, Combined Method I, we extend a combined approach of antithetic variates and control variates that we have developed in an earlier paper for a single design point simulation experiment. In Combined Method I, we perform h independent paris of simulation runs at each design point; and on the second run of each such pair, we use random number streams to drive the non-control variate components that are antithetic to the corresponding streams of the first run of the pair. The random number streams that drive the control variate components are randomly selected across all simulation runs. In Combined Method II, we extend Combined Method I to incorporate the ...


Petrophysical analysis was carried out for all the identified hydrocarbon intervals, from the four wells studied in the Abura Field using suites of geophysical well logs. From the analysis of the geological logs comprising gamma-ray, spontaneous potential, electrical resistivity, neutron and density logs, the total porosity in the hydrocarbon bearing zone was found to range from 18.0% to 28.0% and the water saturation range from 16.0 to 54.0%. Good well-to-well lithologic correlation was established across the fields studied .The researcher found that the bulk of the hydrocarbon encountered in the Niger Delta basin was found to be within a depth range of 2510.0-3887.0 m. The hydrocarbon reservoirs were found to be in the Agbada formation, which is in conformity with the geology of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This study was carried out to find out if the petrophysical parameters computed in the field will encourage deeper drilling in the area of study.


Pipeline is one of the main urban infrastructures.3D modeling and visualization of pipelines are important contents to build a "digital city".In this paper,3D models of bending pipeline and triconnected pipeline are reconstructed by the method of section and surface triangulation fitting,and modeling method and steps were presented.Based on 3D graphics adapter OpenGL,3D modeling and visualization of pipelines have realized.


This article presents a characterization of the community agencies in the resolution of conflicts, which over one decade are in charge of dealing with conflicts in the region of the Sierra de La Macarena, Colombia. The text proposes that the local Justice in this region integrates a series of social conditions that not only be able to support the socio-political transition of the region, in case of reaching an agreement between the Colombian State and the insurgency, but it is also worth supporting it in time for the bet of peace that they represent. For this purpose, the article introduces an analytical balance of the work carried out by the Conciliation Committees from its characterization and it provides key elements to understand the logic and nature of the community justice in La Macarena.


This paper mainly discusses the mud volcano disaster and its genetic mechanism in Ramree Island.Combined with the geological background of Ramree Island and the present situation of the mud volcano,grading analysis and micro-morphology analysis have been made by taking samples from three sampling sites of the northeast,the middle and the western part of Ramree Island.The finding is that the particle sizes of samples between 1~100μm show a unimodel normal distribution,with similar grain size mid-value,concentrated size distribution,poor sorting,and quite positive skewness in grading symmetry;The samples' matrix are mainly argillaceous,containing a lot of argillaceous clasts,tiny crystal clasts and a few pores,and having a little strongly altered plagioclase phenocryst and pyroxene phenocryst,from which,we can judge that the sampling sites have the same provenance.Thus,it can be deduced that there is a uniform argillaceous layer as the unified provenance of the Ramree Island mud volcano.


The representation of spatially moving systems is a complex task since communication is unstructured, making it difficult to assess what are the entities currently communicating. Given that interaction is mainly governed by the physical location of the entities, the communication pattern changes over time requiring a dynamic topology. To solve this problem we use the Heterogeneous Flow Systems Specification (HFSS), a modular modeling formalism designed to represent hybrid systems with time-variant topologies. We exploit the ability to represent dynamic topologies as an alternative to a representation using publish/subscribe (pub/sub) communication. We demonstrate that pub/sub can be modeled with a point-to-point communication framework with a dynamic topology. Additionally, we show that HFSS dynamic topologies can support a large variety of representations taking advantage of the specificities of the application domains, enabling more expressive and more efficient descriptions of moving entities.


Studies about how to convey a message through a communication campaign abound, but another important aspect is what to communicate, in other words, selecting the information content of the campaign. In many situations where the degree of knowledge is directly related to consumption of a food product, choosing what to communicate is crucial. The present study proposes a model to decide what the consumer needs to know in order to take the decision to consume. The model is based on a Qualitative Comparative Analysis method with some subsequent conversions. It was applied to a real situation: selecting the information content of a communication campaign to boost the consumption of virgin olive oils in the Spanish market. The main findings suggest that campaigns should inform about virgin olive oils are the highest quality and most healthy, that there is a basic difference between olive oil and virgin olive oil in that olive oil is a mixture of virgin and refined olive oils, and that they are both equally fattening.


The idea of inclusive education raises the question of security of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is the imperative of the time to create teaching materials that promote the effective implementation of educational curriculum. However, we have to stress the fact that most of the evaluable nowadays teaching materials have been created spontaneously, without any reliable criteria. Our primary hypothesis is that children with ASD have specific features of visual perception that do not depend on the state of their intelligence, which is confirmed by empirical data obtained by the authors. Our secondary hypothesis, specified in the process of research, stipulates that children with ASD will differently perceive different graphic images executed in different styles. These findings are further confirmed by empirical data collected by the authors in the study of perception and understanding of different graphic images by children with ASD and mental retardation. On the basis of theoretical and empirical data we specified the criteria for graphic design products which play a pivotal role in the formation of school educational environment. In this respect we focus on the criteria for design materials (including design criteria provisions, formulated by Norman, which he addressed to practicing designers).


This study explores the sentencing impact of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), in contrast to the Young Offenders Act (YOA), using data from the largest custodial facility in British Columbia, Canada. Findings indicate that the number of youth in custody decreased an atypical amount under the YCJA despite an increase in the overall number of charges in the same timefiame. In addition, though all custodial sentences are now followed with a community-based component, the average length of the community segment decreased significantly under the new Act. Furthermore, offence seriousness appears to align more closely with custody length under the YCJA, indicating an increased adherence to the principle of proportionality when sentencing. Finally, under the YCJA, factors aside from offence seriousness, including gender and number of prior convictions, are less likely to influence the length of custody then they were under the YOA.


Introduction B-cells have a well-established role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), illustrated by the successful treatment of RA with B-cell depletion therapy.1Sialic acid (SA) is a 9-carbon backbone sugar involved in many immune system functions including cell migration, adhesion and activation.2 In RA, sialylation of the B-cell surface, including membrane bound IgM, has been found to differ from healthy control B-cells. These changes have been attributed to alterations in antibody glycosylation which lead to the highly inflammatory phenotype of disease-specific autoantibodies.3 Recently it has been shown that surface glycosylation of regulatory T-cells is altered by activating stimuli – suggesting functional consequences for cell surface glycans.4 Functional effects of surface glycans in B-cells in RA have not been well established. Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate surface sialylation of B-cells from patients with RA at different stages of disease, and to examine functional consequences of B-cell surface sialylation. Methods Sialylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 7 patients with either 'pre-RA' or RA (3 patients with ACPA+ 'pre-RA', 1 patient with a diagnosis of new onset, ≤12 months symptom duration, and 3 patients with established disease) was analysed by flow cytometry using biotinylated Sambucus Nigra (SNA) Lectin, to bind to α2,6 SA, with PE-conjugated streptavidin. MESF beads were used to standardise the measurement of fluorescence intensity. B-cells were activated in culture with anti-CD40 and anti-IgM. Results Initial data suggests that B-cell surface sialylation may be higher in patients with pre-RA (MESF: 13765±170) or new onset RA (13094) than in patients with established RA (12431.3±339). Sialylation also tended to be higher on plasmablasts (1396±991) than on memory (13067±496) or naïve B-cells (13127±710). Upon in vitro activation with anti-CD40 and anti-IgM, sialylation tended to decrease in plasmablasts (20042±679 vs 16200.5±1261). Conclusions Preliminary results suggest that B-cell surface sialylation may vary according to stage of disease and B-cell subset. Sialylation may also be related to B-cell activation. Further investigations will be carried out to better understand variations in surface sialic acid and examine the relationship between B-cell function and surface sialylation. References . Mok CC. Drug Des Devel Ther2014;8:87–100. . Varki A, Gagneux P. Ann N Y Acad Sci2012;1253(1):16–36. . Pfeifle R, et al. Nature Immunology2017;18:1. . Cabral J, et al. Frontiers in Immunology2017;8:987. Disclosure of interest None declared


Background and aim Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most often carried out procedures in pediatric ICU. There are multiple indications of MV. The diseased state, infrastructure, and hospital protocols all influence different management options. Although there is no question that MV has many advantages, it can also be harmful when used. To enhance management procedures and outcomes, this study evaluated the frequency, indications, complications, and immediate outcomes of children receiving MV. Patients and methods A prospective study of children (1 month to 18 years) needing invasive MV in pediatric ICU was conducted. MV was performed after evaluation of its indication. Complications and outcome were monitored. Results Of 561 patients admitted to the pediatric ICU, 283 (50.4%) required MV. The most common cause of admission to pediatric ICU was respiratory system diseases (46.3%). The most frequent indication of MV was respiratory failure (38.2%). Of the 283 patients who required MV, 60 (21.2%) had complications. The commonest complication was ventilator-associated pneumonia (5.3%). The mortality rate of mechanically ventilated children was 53.7%. There was higher mortality in patients admitted with gastrointestinal tract system diseases (65.9%). Conclusion The commonest cause of admission to pediatric ICU was respiratory system diseases. The commonest indication of connection to MV was respiratory failure. The most common complication of MV was ventilator-associated pneumonia. Several factors affect the outcomes of mechanical ventilation. These factors were age, sex, and etiology of admission to pediatric ICU.


D.R. Headrick in his recently published book Tools of Empire has argued that among the new technologies which helped to open up Africa to European penetration and conquest during the nineteenth century, one of the most significant was the use of quinine as a prophylactic against malaria. Both Headrick's general argument, which tends to divorce technology from its economic and political context, and his specific claims for quinine are open to question, but his book does at least raise the question of the nature of the relationship between medicine and empire in the nineteenth century.1 This is an issue that has been more fully considered by historians of Africa than of India, where there have been singularly few attempts to locate Western medicine as a system 2 within the context of British imperialism and its consequences. How far was Western medicine independent of or subordinate to colonial interests in India? Did it serve, whether consciously


ereal grains are important staples annual plant of the grass family used as food C wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, millet, barley and rye. Cereal is not limited to these grains, but also to foodstuff prepared from the starchy grains of cereal like ours, breads and pasta. Cereals like Maize, Millet, and Sorghum are processed into starch which are consumed as pap while the residue (bre) is discarded or used to feed livestock. This study, therefore, processed the residues of some cereals: sorghum, maize and millet into fufu and determined its nutrient composition and general acceptability to ensure food security. The cereals were processed into four samples and coded thus: Ma (Maize), SO (Sorghum), MI (Millet) and MMS (Mixture of Maize, Millet and sorghum) and made into fufu. The samples were analyzed using AOAC (2005) methods for proximate composition, dietary ber and some mineral-potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc and iron. The general acceptability was determined through sensory evaluation using nine-point hedonic scale. The result shows that sample Ma had the highest (14.01±0.17) dietary bre while sample So had highest value of the minerals assessed; Zinc (1.93±0.09), Potassium (280.66±11.6), Calcium (3.73±0.29), Iron (1.36±0.08) and Phosphorus (298.09±1.86). Protein was highest (7.99±0.38) in sample Mi. The fufu samples were accepted with maize fufu having the highest level of acceptability. It, therefore, recommended that instead of discarding these residues as waste, they can be used to prepare fufu to help improve bowel movement and ght against food insecurity.


Finite model reasoning in UML class diagrams, e.g., checking whether a class is forced to have either zero or infinitely many objects, is of crucial importance for assessing quality of the analysis phase in software development. Despite the fact that finite model reasoning is often considered more important than unrestricted reasoning, no implementation of the former task has been attempted so far. The main result of this paper is that it is possible to use off-the-shelf tools for constraint modeling and programming for obtaining a finite model reasoner. In particular, exploiting appropriate reasoning techniques, we propose an encoding as a CSP of UML class diagram satisfiability. Moreover, we show also how CP can be used to actually return a finite model of a class diagram. A description of our system, which accepts as input class diagrams in the MOF syntax, and the results of the experimentation performed on the CIM knowledge base are given.


The reasonable design of worm propagation model can provide a basis for accurately predicting and analyzing the propagation law and mechanism of worm malicious code in the Internet, and help to further carry out the research on worm protection, detection and suppression technology. This paper introduces the transmission model of infectious diseases in the field of biopathology to analyze the transmission mechanism of network worms, and a class of network worm virus transmission model based on differential equations is established by using LaSalle invariant set principle and orbital stability theory of differential equations. The results show that the basic regeneration number is the threshold value of eliminating worm virus and keeping worm virus in a certain range. When the basic regeneration number is less than or equal to 1, worm virus is eliminated effectively. When the basic regeneration number is greater than 1, the worm virus will persist or stabilize in a certain state.


Why do fewer and fewer high school and college aged males elect to study French as a foreign language? Theories abound, among them that French is less practical than other language options, and that French language and culture bear distinctly feminine attributes which many young males are hesitant to embrace. This book looks closely at the single-sex and coeducational secondary environments to produce various theories as to why male enrollment in French class suffers so much less when girls are not around. A good resource for foreign language teachers, school administrators, and anyone interested in how boys and girls learn and perceive of the role of the high school experience.


This research aim to know, (1) influence of usage of strategy of Talking Stick and of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) to result learn mathematics, (2) influence of motivation learn student to result learn mathematics, (3) interaction between usage of study strategy of Talking Stick and of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) and also motivate to learn to result learn student mathematics. This population of research is entire class student of XI IPS anomalous semester SMA N 1 Mojogedang. Samples in this research use two classes, which is experiment class hit by strategy of Talking Stick and control class hit by strategy of Numbered Heads Together (NHT). The technique intake of sample conducted with technique of cluster sampling random. In this research, researcher use method of test, documentation and questioner.In this research is used by hypothesis test with analysis of variance two way with cell do not be is same. Before to analyses of variance, to do test prerequisite analyses by using method of Liliefors for the test of normality, and use test of Barlet for the test of homogeneity. Result of calculation of data analysis by using level of significance 5% obtained; (1) there are difference of result learn mathematics between given by student is treatment by using approach integrated at method of Talking Stick and method of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) withFα = 5,44 > F0,05;1;58 = 3,998, (2) there are difference of result learn student mathematics evaluated from motivational level learn student with high category, medium category, and lower category, withFb = 3,504> F0,05;2;58 = 3,156 and (3) there is no interaction between method of Talking Stick and method of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) evaluated from motivation learn student to result learn student withFAB = 1,768> F0,05;2;58 = 3,156.


Foods used for poultry feeding in the United Kingdom were analysed for their linoleic acid contents and the results are reported.


This study aimed to assess the outcomes of administering negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in patients immediately following free flap reconstruction after head and neck cancer surgery and radical neck lymph node dissection. The outcomes were compared with those of patients who received conventional wound care (CWC).


The purpose of this paper is to elucidate of some of the main nihilistic thesis, some of which are subjected to a brief critique, and focuses on speculative nihilism, only making a few references to the practical. The nihilistic theses that are considered are the following: "The being does not exist"; "God does not exist"; "there is nothing which does not change, there is not any substance, everything flows"; "the being has not sense-order, direction, purpose"; "the things have not intrinsic value"; "being (in whole or in part) is not good: it is harmful and/or bad and must (in whole or in part) commit suicide or die", "being is not knowable, it is impossible to know any truth". Finally, the contribution mentions two ways to have a dialogue with nihilistic thinkers and men.


1991 The contents of this paper are the author's sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its Members. This publication is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between changes in costs and prices in the gasoline market in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) for the period 1980-90. We shall use an econometric model, and distinguish two stages in the transmission of cost changes to prices. The first is the adjustment of gasoline prices ex-refinery to changes in the price of crude oil, and the second is the adjustment of gasoline price (net of taxes) at the pump to ex-refinery prices. A vast economic literature has accepted the view that a relationship exists between market forms and the speed of transmission of cost changes to final price. The study of price adjustments to cost changes involves the analysis of two interrelated but different phenomena. The first is the speed of adjustment, defined here as the mean of the length of the time periods required for the transmission of the full effect of an exogenous shock from the independent to the dependent variable of the econometric model used in the analysis. The second relates to possible asymmetries in the response of prices to increases and decreases in costs. Both phenomena are closely related to the structure of the market. The common assumption in economic writing, is that the first-the length of the adjustment period-is negatively correlated to the degree of competition (i.e. the speed of adjustment is positively correlated to the competitiveness of the market), and that the second-the asymmetry of price responses-is an indication of the prevailing market structure. The main findings of this paper are as follows: a) at the refinery level there is only weak evidence of asymmetrical reaction; the average lag in case of crude price increases or decreases is about three months.


Large (7x4x4 cm3) crystals of the organic, nonlinear optical material MBA-NP have been prepared by growth from solution, in an optically and structurally highly perfect state. Oriented, cut and polished specimens were examined by the Maker fringe technique. Analysis of the data yielded a coherence length, 122, of 1.8 μm (cf MNA 111, = 0.7μm and quartz 111 =20μm). Type I, phase-matched second narmonic generation (etficiency 50% at 117 MWcm-2 was observed for 1.06μm radiation incident at 28.8° to the y-axis on 1 the y-z incident plane. There was no evidence of type II phase matching. d22 = 30x10-12 m.V and d14 is between 1 and 10x10-12 m.V-1.


Hospitality industry is a company engaged in the service sector, Services represents an important line of business, is always evolving and the potential for further development. Break-even analysis is a term used to describe the condition of the company at the time the company did not obtain a profit or loss. Break analysis is especially useful for management to make the plan revenue budget for one term. Based on the discussion of chapters previously, about Break Even Analysis as a Tool of Planning Gain On Hotel Sahid Jaya, the writer can draw the following conclusion: Total cost of equipment in all rooms at Hotel Sahid Jaya Jakarta of Rp5.702.777.621 while the variable cost of Rp 3908765220. Company (hotel) successfully mejual or as many as 31 130 units rent rooms or rooms with a volume of revenue amounting to Rp 23.1795.200.000.. While the value of MOS (margin of safety) is 70.43% or Rp 16,336,379,360 with the sale or rental rooms and rooms of 21 119 units DOL value (degree of operating leverage) is 1:42%. In 2007 the company (hotel) wants to increase profits for Rp17.401.491.886. Then the company must sell or rent rooms or rooms as much as 40 404 units by the volume of revenue amounting to Rp30.732.700.000.


Gas liquid chromatography was used to fractionate and measure volatiles formed during the Frings process and during a continuous process of malt vinegar manufacture. Acetaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol, acetic acid, n-propyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, and also sec-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and n-amyl acetate were detected during the alcoholic fermentation but propionic acid, isobutyric acid and acetoin were produced during acetification. The increase in the number and concentration of the volatiles of these processes has been compared with those found for the Quick method.


Objective To study the relative factors of retaining time in catheter system.Methods 168 cases with catheter system were choosen,clinical datas from different indwelling position,the senses,the liquid filter press and different sealing solution,and so on were researched.Results The indwelling time was not affected by the senses and injuection(P0.05);It was related to the liquid filter press and sealing liquid(P0.05);The swelling related to the liquid filter press and the senses(P0.05);The emergence of the phlebitis related to the liquid filter press(P0.01),having no relations with the senses(P0.05);And the rate of swelling incidence was obviously higher than the phlebitis incidence(P0.01).Conclusions The indwelling intravenous catheter system is not influenced by the sense and injuection.It can be indwelled at any time for the need of treatment and patient's condition.In order to reduce the emergence of the swelling and phlebitis,the injection location should be changed for every three day and the indwelling limbs should be activated when patients are injected high exudation.


A critical examination of the clinical model indicates the need for more holistic approaches in special education programs for students with learning disabilities. The implications for teacher eduction, curriculum and classroom teaching are considered.


The utilization of deep learning and its related techniques was growing in a faster manner by day to day research. As the technology was developing, the utilization of these technologies also growing in a faster manner. This technology is the latest and advanced technology available in the market today. The utilization of these techniques is providing some good and encouraging results when compared to the previous existing methods and solutions for the current day problems. The implementation of AI, ML and Deep learning methods are providing the researchers some set of new ways and new solutions. These results are encouraging the researchers further such that to go for next level of research by incorporating these techniques in the more and more related areas. Hence, in the current paper, brief details about the deep learning and its applications are presented. The various existing applications and the technologies available in the market can be processed and further can be studied with the other set of applications.


This research was aimed: 1) to know the efficacy of acetic acid mixture with lerak fruit extract as herbicide in controlling Paspalum conjugatum, Cyperus kyllingia, and Asystasia gengetica; 2) to determine the most effective mixture of acetic acid and lerak fruit extract on controlling Paspalum conjugatum, Cyperus kyllingia, and Asystasia gengetica. This research was conducted at Integrated Field Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from November to December 2016. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design of one factor, namely the mixture of acetic acid and lerak fruit extract with the ratio of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80 : 20, 90:10, 0: 100, 100: 0, and 0: 0 (control) with four replications. The results showed that: 1) the addition of lerak fruit extract us adjuvant can decrease the us of acetic acid by 40% for controling Paspalum conjugatum, 30% for Cyperus kyllingia, and 50% for Asystasia gengetica on weed poisoning level; 2) The most effective combination of acetic acid and lerak fruit extract in controlling the weeds is the mixture of 60% acetic acid and 40% lerak fruit extract. Keywords: acetic acid, effectivity, lerak fruit extract, herbicide. This research was aimed: 1) to know the efficacy of acetic acid mixture with lerak fruit extract as herbicide in controlling Paspalum conjugatum, Cyperus kyllingia, and Asystasia gengetica; 2) to determine the most effective mixture of acetic acid and lerak fruit extract on controlling Paspalum conjugatum, Cyperus kyllingia, and Asystasia gengetica. This research was conducted at Integrated Field Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from November to December 2016. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design of one factor, namely the mixture of acetic acid and lerak fruit extract with the ratio of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80 : 20, 90:10, 0: 100, 100: 0, and 0: 0 (control) with four replications. The results showed that: 1) the addition of lerak fruit extract us adjuvant can decrease the us of acetic acid by 40% for controling Paspalum conjugatum, 30% for Cyperus kyllingia, and 50% for Asystasia gengetica on weed poisoning level; 2) The most effective combination of acetic acid and lerak fruit extract in controlling the weeds is the mixture of 60% acetic acid and 40% lerak fruit extract. Keywords: acetic acid, effectivity, lerak fruit extract, herbicide.


In the early stage of the dynamic meteorology, an equivalent barotropic model was invented [3 ]. This earlier equivalent barotropic model was having some limitations which are given below. (1) It is having a very limited application around 500 mb level. (2) The equivalent barotropic level does not actually coincide with 500 mb level. (3) The position of the equivalent barotropic level in space depends on the vertical structure of zonal wind. Due to the above limitations its use has not been made so widely. Recently, Mahanti [6, 7, 8] has derived the equivalent barotropic model for tropics. Mahanti's equivalent barotropic model is very efficient and it has no restriction of use since it does not have any of the aforesaid difficulties. Specially, the coincidence of any desired pressure level with the equivalent barotropic level is most interesting. Therefore, it should replace the earlier defective equivalent barotropic model from the series of the useful models of the atmospheric dynamics (i.e.; barotropic model, equivalent barotropic model, quasi-geostrophic baroclinic model, and primitive equation model, etc.). Today, the model has occupied an important position in dynamic meteorology. The model may be equally used at mid-latitude also.


1699-Pos Board B469 Origins of Non-Selective Ion Transport across Lipid Bilayers Igor Vorobyov1, Roger Koeppe, II,2, Olaf S. Andersen3, Toby W. Allen1,4. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. The theoretical description of charge transport across biological membranes has remained largely unchanged since the 1960's. However, it is widely accepted that the barriers for unassisted ion permeation via a solubilitydiffusion mechanism are too high, and too selective to explain experimental observations, leading to a favoring of a non-selective transient pore process. We demonstrate that an ion-induced defect mechanism, intermediate between these two processes, can yield reduced free energy barriers with little influence of hydration free energy or the membrane dipole potential. We report experimental and computational data for a range of alkali metal, halide and charged amino acid analog molecules. Our simulations reveal that membrane perturbations are central in explaining the shape and magnitude of the free energy barriers, the similarity for ions of different size, charge and chemistry, and for obtaining fluxes consistent with experiment. We will discuss results that suggest a transition from ion-induced defect to the solubility-diffusion mechanism in thicker bilayers, and for larger hydrophobic ions and ionophores. We explore the deformable membrane description to predict a greater common energetics for a range of ions, poly-ions and zwitterions and discuss the consequences for membrane interactions with charged peptides and proteins, and the roles of lipid components in membrane ion transport.


CALL (computer assisted language learning) systems using ASR (automatic speech recognition) for second language learning have received increasing interest recently. However, it still remains a challenge to achieve high speech recognition performance, including accurate detection of erroneous utterances by non-native speakers. Conventionally, possible error patterns, based on linguistic knowledge, are added to the ASR grammar network. However, this approach easily falls in the trade-off of coverage of errors and the increase of perplexity. To solve the problem, we propose a method based on a decision tree to learn effective prediction of errors made by non-native speakers. An experimental evaluation with a number of foreign students in our university shows that the proposed method can effectively generate an ASR grammar network, given a target sentence, to achieve both better coverage of errors and smaller perplexity, resulting in significant improvement in ASR accuracy.


Objective To assess the diagnostic significance of AKA,anti-CCP and anti-RA33 in the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods Serum AKA (with indirectimmuno fluorescence method)anti-CCP and anti-RA33 antibody(with ELISA)levels were determined in 78 patients with RA,50 patients with non-RA rheumatism patients and 65 nomal controls.Sensitivity and specialitywere calculated.Results The sensitivity of AKA、anti-CCP、anti-RA33 were 48.7%、56.4%、43.6% respectively,the speciality of them were 96.5%、97.4%、95.7% separately.Conclusion AKA、anti-CCP、anti-RA33 have high speciality in early diagnosis of RA.Thus the combined detection of these four antibodies might help the diagnosis of early diagnosis of RA.


Each chapter concludes with "Summary and Conclusion," "Key Terms," "Suggested Readings," and "Notes." 1.Theoretical Perspectives in Criminology. The Importance of Theory in Criminology. Bad Theory, Good Theory, Better Theory: How Do We Judge? Paradigms. Classical Criminology. The Positivist School. The Marxist Paradigm. 2.The Born Criminal: Biological and Physiological Theories of Crime. Physical Type Theories. Phrenology: Grandparent of the Physical Type Perspective. Atavism. Earnest A. Hooton: Lombroso Revisited. Body Build and Crime. It Runs in the Family: Crime and Heredity. General Pedigree or Family Studies. Twin Studies. Adoption Studies. Faulty Chromosomes. XYY Syndrome. Other Potential Biological Contributors to Crime Causation. Hormonal Imbalance and Crime: "My Hormones Made Me Do It." Crime and the Brain. Diet and Crime: You Are What You Eat? 3.The Criminal Mind: Psychological and Psychiatric Theories of Crime. Too Dumb to Know Better: The IQ/Crime Controversy. Early Intelligence Tests and Crime. The Criminal Personality. Psychoanalytic Views of Crime. Other Approaches to Crime and Personality. Crime and Mental Illness. Studying Mental Illness and Criminality. Mental Illnesses Commonly Associated with Crime. A Note about the Role of Drugs and Alcohol. The Role of Psychiatry in the Criminal Justice System. 4.Sociological Theories of Crime I: Crime and Social Organization. The Chicago School. Crime and Social Disorganization. The Chicago School's Descendants. Anomie Theory. Durkheim's Theory of Anomie. Merton's Theory of Anomie. Subcultural Theories. Cohen's Theory of the Delinquent Subculture. Other Subcultural Theories. Strengths and Weaknesses of Subcultural Theories. Crime and Opportunity. Differential Opportunity and Delinquent Subcultures. Women, Crime and Opportunity. Changing the Opportunity Structure: Public Policy Initiatives. Agnew's General Strain Theory. 5. Sociological Theories of Crime II: Crime and Social Processes. Sutherland's Differential Association Theory. Sutherland's Nine Propositions. Strengths and Weaknesses of Differential Association Theory. Sutherland's Legacy. Aker's Social Learning Theory. Differential Identification and Differential Anticipation. Control Theory. Hirschi's Control Theory. Tittle's Control Balance Theory. Self-Control and Crime. A General Theory of Crime or a Limited One? Neutralization Theory. Evaluating Neutralization Theory. Self-Esteem and Crime. Crime and Stigma: The Labeling Perspective. The Relativity of Crime. Social Reaction and Commitment to a Deviant Career. The Empirical Validity of Labeling Theory. What is to Be Done? 6.Crime and Power: Radical Criminologies. Origins and Antecedents. The Criminology of Willem Bonger. Early Radical Criminology. Crime and Privilege. Crime and Oppression. The Strengths and Weaknesses of Instrumental Marxism. Is the Criminal Justice System Biased Against the Poor? Structural Criminology. Crime and Power Relations. Other Recent Developments in Radical Criminology. Left Realism. Peacemaking Criminology. Postmodern Criminology. 7.Gender, Crime and Justice: Feminist Criminologies. What is Feminism? Liberal Feminism and Criminology. The Gender Gap in Crime. Power-Control Theory. Radical Feminist Criminology. Socialist Feminist Criminology. Feminism and the Future of Criminology. Appendix: Methods of Criminological Research. The Research Process. Formulating the Research Problem. Research Design. Sampling. Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement. Gathering Data. Survey Research. Field Observation. Unobtrusive Measures.


The rat incisor grows continuously throughout the life of the animal. It develops primarily from an epithelial base which is structurally and functionally different on its labial and lingual aspects. On the labial and slightly overlapping lateral surfaces, this base resembles in structure and function the enamel organ of the human tooth. On the greater part of the lateral surfaces and on the lingual it resembles Hertwig's epithelial sheath. On the labial aspect, th i s epithelial base is situated more proximally and inferiorly than on the lingual aspect. The various portions of this epithelial adage differentiate into ganoblasts (ameloblasts) or stimulate the formation of dentin and possibly that of cementum. The term 'odontogenic epithelium' may therefore be used to denote this germinal tissue.


The overall process of the classification method is divided into two main steps, such as: 1) feature selection using RS-MKFCM algorithm; 2) classification using CGA-based neural network classifier. At first, the multiple kernel fuzzy c-means clustering with rough set theory (RS-MKFCM) algorithm is applied on the high dimensional micro array dataset to select the important features. After that, the classification is done through CGA-NN classifier. Selected features from micro array dataset are collected and fed to the neural network for training. In neural network, we utilise scaled conjugate gradient algorithm for training. It provides faster training with excellent test efficiency. To improve the classification performance, hybridisation of cuckoo search and genetic algorithm (CGA) is utilised with neural network for weight optimisation process. At last, the experimentation is performed by means of the five different micro array dataset. The experimentation result proves that the CGA-NN classifier outperformed the existing approach by attaining the maximum accuracy of 98.93% for ovarian cancer dataset when compared existing NN only achieved 51.87% and also support vector machine classifier achieves the 88.23%.


.......................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 Water, its use and importance in food processing ........................................................... 5 Regulations ...................................................................................................................... 6 Water and wastewater quality characterization ............................................................... 8 Reconditioning treatments............................................................................................. 11 Membranes filtration for water reconditioning and reuse ......................................... 12 Water conservation initiatives, evaluated from a holistic perspective .......................... 16 Risk perception .......................................................................................................... 16 Environmental impact/ Life Cycle Assessment ......................................................... 20 Research needs .............................................................................................................. 22 References ..................................................................................................................... 24 viii CHAPTER 2: FEASIBILITY, SAFETY AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF WHEY-RECOVERED WATER IN CLEANING-IN-PLACE SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY ON WATER CONSERVATION FOR THE DAIRY INDUSTRY ................... 31 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 32........................................................................................................................ 32 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 33 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................. 35 Water Recovery System Configuration and Operating Conditions........................... 35 Biofilm Formation and Water Reuse in CIP ............................................................. 39 Cost Analysis ............................................................................................................. 40 Results and discussion ................................................................................................... 42 Process Efficiency ..................................................................................................... 42 Spray Drying.............................................................................................................. 48 Reuse of Whey-recovered Water in CIP Operations ................................................. 49 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 56 References ..................................................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF AN ALTERNATIVE WATER RECOVERY SYSTEM, FOR WATER CONSERVATION IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY ...................................................................................................................... 61 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 62........................................................................................................................ 62 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 63 ix Methodology ................................................................................................................. 65 Goal and scope of the study ....................................................................................... 65 Functional Unit .......................................................................................................... 67 System boundaries ..................................................................................................... 68 Allocation Procedures ................................................................................................ 70 Impact categories and methods .................................................................................. 73 Methodology for the life cycle inventory .................................................................. 73 Results and discussion ................................................................................................... 79 Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) comparison for the treatment of whey by the water recovery system and by the wastewater treatment plant ................................. 80 Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) for the production of water from the water recovery system and the water production plant ....................................................... 84 Uncertainty analysis .................................................................................................. 86 Relative contribution of inputs to the environmental impacts of the gate-to-gate analyses ...................................................................................................................... 88 Limitations ................................................................................................................. 95 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 95 References ..................................................................................................................... 96 x CHAPTER 4. MICROBIOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE SAFE REUSE OF WHEY-RECOVERED WATER IN CLEANING OPERATIONS: A CONTAMINATION SCENARIO WITH LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN DAIRY PROCESSING ................................................................................................................ 101 Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 102...................................................................................................................... 102 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 103 Materials and methods ................................................................................................ 105 Risk assessment model development ...................................................................... 105 Washing efficiency .................................................................................................. 106 Transfer rate of Listeria monocytogenes from contaminated recovered water to equipment surface .................................................................................................... 108 Alternative Scenarios ............................................................................................... 111 Assumptions ............................................................................................................ 114 Results and discussion ................................................................................................. 115 Sensitivity analysis .................................................................................................. 117 Scenario Analysis .................................................................................................... 119 Risk assessment and HACCP plans for the reuse of reconditioned water .............. 121 Limitations and further research needs .................................................................... 127 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 128 References ................................................................................................................... 129 xi CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH .................................................................................................................... 133 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................ 139


Sm JAMES BARRETT, K.C.B., C.B., C.M.G., welcomed Sir JOhn Grice, who had been invited to the meeting by the Council to hear a communication from Dr. E. H. Derrick, the Sir John Grice Cancer Research Scholar. He expressed the appreciation of the medical. profession in Victoria for the action he had taken some years ago in setting aside a sum of money to further research into the obscure problems of malignant disease. Supplemented by the Government of Victoria, this sum had founded the scholarship. Sir James reviewed the work hitherto oarried out and published by former holders of the scholarship and said that the present was a very appropriate occasion for the medical profession in Victoria to express its gratitude to Sir John Grice.


The objective of this work was to develop a simple, accurate, rapid and sensitive method for the estimation of oxcarbazepine in tablets. The estimation is based on the reduction of ferric ions in its salt form to ferrous ions by the drug, which in presence of potassium ferricyanide produces green colored chromogen measured at 770 nm against reagent blank. The chromogen obeyed linearity over 4 to 28 mg/ml (r=0.9981) with percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) of 0.4267. Recovery studies gave values ranging between 98.26 and 98.76. The proposed method is simple and suitable for routine determination of oxcarbazepine in tablets.


This study evaluates the impact on child development of a group intervention with mothers and their eight-month-old babies from a marginal urban district of Lima. The groups, control and treatment, were randomized and child development was assessed before and after with the BSID-II. The intervention had a general positive impact in the children's development, but no significant differences were found between both groups in the Mental Development Index or the Psychomotor Development Index. There was a significant effect (p < .05) in two of the BSID-II Behavioral Scale factors.


I am disappointed that the JRSM published the article by Shields and Watson,1 and as an Operating Department Practitioner (ODP) I was deeply offended. It is clear the authors are ignorant of the role, training and history of my profession; otherwise they would have known better than to use the surgical role as their example. To appreciate the folly of this example, one must understand that for many years the theatre nursing hierarchy sought to deny ODPs the opportunity to practice in the surgical role—claiming this 'a purely nursing function'. My profession was then predominantly associated with providing care as part of the anaesthetic team, where patients are initially conscious, often fearful and requiring both psychological and physiological support.

As far back as the 1970s our syllabus incorporated patient care (e.g. 'Respect the dignity and rights of the patient; Principles of ethics and etiquette; Psychological reaction of patients to surgery and the theatre environment'). These were introduced early and developed throughout the course. Today's qualification has developed these themes into the modern era, with emphasis on the assessment, planning and evaluation of care. Caring is not genetically implanted into nurses, but taught to all professions with caring responsibilities.

The notion that ODPs are 'expropriating nurses' knowledge and skills' is laughable. We had the first nationally organized course in operating department practice in 1951. In 1989 Bevan2 noted 'only 13.8% of nurses working in theatre had received post-registration training in operating department and/or anaesthetic nursing.' Throughout the 1990s the NVQ in Operating Department Practice, the ODP's primary qualification, was taken by many perioperative nurses as their preferred postgraduate qualification.

The authors of the article are at least 30 years out of date with their prejudices and I and my profession deserve a full public apology from both the authors and publishers of this article.


Men and women expecting their first child were tested within two weeks and two months before and after birth. A control group of couples were tested twice, at four weeks apart. Baseline finger stick blood samples were collected. At all stages except the early prenatal, an infant stimuli test was administered and a second blood sample was taken 30-minutes later. For the prenatal test, couples held a doll, listened to a tape of infant cries, and watched a video. Postnatally, the father held his baby and the mother held the doll with no other stimuli presented. Blood spot prolactin, cortisol, and testosterone levels were measured. Men in the pregnant group had changes in baseline prolactin, with highest levels two weeks after the birth. Fathers had short-term decreases in prolactin during the early postnatal stage. Prolactin levels in control men did not change. Pregnant women's baseline prolactin levels changed over time, with highest levels in the two weeks before the birth. During the late prenatal stage, pregnant women had short-term increases in prolactin levels. No baseline or short-term changes in free testosterone or cortisol levels were found for men in either group. Pregnant women had changes in baseline cortisol levels, with a peak at the late prenatal stage, but no short-term changes. Cortisol levels were correlated between pregnant women and men, but not between control couples. Men and women who reported difficulty with parenting had higher cortisol levels at some stages. Fathers who reported 'concern' prenatally in response to baby cries had short-term increases in prolactin levels during the early postnatal stage, and decreases in testosterone levels during the late postnatal stage. The birth of a child can cause significant longitudinal hormonal changes in men. Fathers' prenatal responses to infant stimuli may be predictive of certain patterns of hormonal change after the birth of their babies.


This text studies the traditional highway statistics index of highway development level and existing problem,analyses the factor of highway development level,puts forward a set of the comprehensive evaluation index to reflect highway development level overall and accurately and rationally.


In state estimation, a model of the system behaviour combined with sensors is used to estimate unmeasurable properties. However, most models are uncertain due to unmodeled dynamics, time-varying parameters, and linearization. In order to yield good performance, the overall system has to be robust with respect to measurement error and model uncertainties. In this paper, state estimation and control in a solidification process is considered. The objective is to estimate and control the solidification rate, defined as the time derivative of the interface position. Most often, the interface position can not be measured directly, and an online estimate must be calculated in order to allow for feedback control. The solidification model has a variable structure where the state definitions depend on the interface position. An observer based on a linearized model of the solidification process is developed. Uncertainty is introduced in order to compensate for nonlinearities, parameter uncertainties, and neglected dynamics. A gain-scheduled Pi-controller is used to control the estimated interface position, and the robustness properties for the system are illustrated in simulations with various sources of model uncertainties.


This article is a theological-ethical reading of the narrative of Lot's hospitality in Genesis 19, using the hermeneutical lens of a Christian faith tradition. It considers hospitality as a living existential struggle that has crucial contemporary implications. The article poses the question: How do we see the arrival of 'the other' into our so-called 'private and secure territory'? It then attempts a response to the question from the inversion of hospitality's point of view and its resultant effects.


The community service punishment was important to adopt as the alternative for the punishment form in the realization of the innovation of the child punishment law in Indonesia based on the arguments of: the Conformity of the Idea of the Community Service Punishment with the Restorative Judiciary Concept, the Conformity of the Idea of  the Community Service Punishment with the Theory of the Punishment individualization, the Conformity of the Idea of the Community Service Punishment with the Trend of the International World Development, and the Conformity of the Idea of the Community Service Punishment with the Aims of the Condemnation and the Development of the Child Criminals.


The article presents an analytical solution to the direct problem of the method of spontaneous polarization of rocks in a well crossing an electrically inhomogeneous reservoir of limited thickness with a drilling mud penetration zone. The analytical solution of the problem by the employees of Schlumberger-Doll Research (M.R. Taherian, at all) for an impermeable reservoir in the absence of a penetration zone is a special case of the analytical solution of the direct problem of the spontaneous polarization (PS). The accuracy of the interpretation of the analytical and numerical solution of the inverse PS problem does not exceed the permissible accuracy of measuring the PS potential. The static potential of the ESP calculated on the basis of the analytical solution of the direct and inverse PS problem is used to construct the correlation dependence of the «core-GIS» static potential of the ESP on the volumetric humidity W, equal to the product of the porosity coefficient KP by the coefficient of residual water saturation KOV. An example of the interpretation of low-permeable, low-resistance oilsaturated reservoirs of Jurassic sediments for the operational assessment of reserves of the Yegansky, Martovsky and Zaozerny deposits of Western Siberia is given. The algorithm proposed in the article can be used for automated interpretation of the PS method and multi-probe induction logging in the corporate software of PJSC OC Rosneft.


Red lauan and radiata pine veneers were used as raw materials, soaked with eleven chemical mixtures, at 10% concentration to screen out potential fire retardants by oxygen index (OI) method. Three screened mixtures (designated as D, G, and I) of higher OI, together with CNS Type C (designated as C) were impregnated into veneers to produce 10mm thick fire-retardant plywood. The spread amount of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives varied from 161.5 to 204.5 g/m^2 during manufacturing. A 3rd grade incombustibility national standard was used as a criterion to test the combustibility and fire-retardancy improvement of each treatment. The flame inhibition parameter for the selected D, G, I and C mixtures were 0.98, 0.98, 0.95, and 0.94 respectively for red lauan, and 1.21, 1.18, 1.30, and 0.94 respectively for radiate pine. These showed that D, G and I results were much encouraging than the recommended C as one of the national standards. The improvement in fire-retardant efficiency of the treated plywood on surface flammability for the three screened mixtures at 183.0 g/m^2 MUF spread amount were: 0.34-2.79 sec (kg/m^3)^(-1), 3.87-8.75°C.min (kg/m^3)^(-1), 1.45-2.08 (kg/m^3)^(-1), 2.40-3.93sec (kg/m^3)^(-1), and 0.23-0.39% (kg/m^3)^(-1), respectively when ignitability, heat re lease, smoke generation, afterflame time and weight loss percentage were considered. The application of G and I not only showed a better improving efficiency for the treated plywood in fire retardancy than current standard (C), their estimated least absorption amount required to meet the 3rd grade fire-retardant specification were also 15.1% less than that for C. Therefore the two screened fire retardants (G and I) formulated in this study are the best choice in terms of economics and fire-retardancy improvement.


The authors report the carbon K emission bands of carbon fibres, 'single-crystal' graphite highly oriented powder graphite, and evaporated carbon measured at different take-off angles delta . The angular-dependent spectra permit a decomposition into their sigma and pi sub-bands. The intensity ratios of the sub-bands Ipi /Isigma calculated as a function of delta and of the orientation of the crystallites are in good agreement with the values obtained from the experimental data for sigma >30 degrees . The sigma and pi -sub-bands of carbon fibres and graphite agree in their main features, indicating the close similarity of the electronic structure of both materials.


We propose a modified particle filter (PF) which adjusts variance and gradient data for Kullback-Leibler Distance (KLD)-resampling algorithm to solve the tracking target position in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Our approach can diminish the bad effect of the received signal strength (RSS) variation by generating sample set near the high likelihood region. Finding optimal adjusted variance of this method based on the maximum of the gap mean number of particles used between proposal and KLD-resampling is presented. A number of simulations are conducted to evaluate the sample size as well as the effect of different parameters such as root mean square error (RMSE) or estimation error, mean number of particles used. Our experiments show that new method enhances the efficient number of particles used as well as estimation error compared with traditional approaches.


Inspired by the hard X-ray emission from WD 2226-210, the central star of the Helix Nebula, we have made a systematic search for similar sources by correlating the white dwarf catalog of McCook & Sion and the ROSAT Position Senstive Proportional Counter (PSPC) point-source catalog of White, Giommi, & Angelini. We find 76 white dwarfs coincident with X-ray sources at a high level of confidence. Among these sources, 17 show significant hard X-ray emission at energies greater than 0.5 keV. Twelve of these white dwarfs with hard X-ray emission are in known binary systems, in two of which the accretion of the close companion's material onto the white dwarf produces hard X-ray emission, and in the other 10 the late-type companions' coronal activity emits hard X-rays. One apparently single white dwarf is projected near an active galactic nucleus that is responsible for the hard X-ray emission. The remaining four white dwarfs and two additional white dwarfs with hard X-ray emission appear single. The lack of near-IR excess from the apparently single white dwarfs suggests that either X-ray observations are more effective than near-IR photometry in diagnosing faint companions, or a different emission mechanism is needed. It is intriguing that 50% of the six apparently single white dwarfs with hard X-ray emission are among the hottest white dwarfs. We have compared X-ray properties of 11 hot white dwarfs with different spectral types and conclude that stellar pulsation and fast stellar winds are not likely the origin of the hard X-ray emission, but a leakage of the high-energy Wien tail of emission from deep in the stellar atmosphere remains a tantalizing source of hard X-ray emission from hot DO and DQZO white dwarfs. A complete survey using the entire ROSAT PSPC archive is needed to enlarge the sample of white dwarfs with hard X-ray emission. Follow-up near-IR photometric observations are needed to verify the existence of late-type companions, and high-resolution deep X-ray observations are needed to verify the positional coincidence and to study the X-ray spectral properties in order to determine the origin and nature of the hard X-ray emission.


According to the fundamental principle of Fabry-Perot(F-P) cavity,the effect of cavity length loss on output intensity of extrinsic F-P cavity is analyzed by using single-mode fiber power distribution-based model. The F-P cavity applied in experiment is made up of single mode fiber end and elastic silicon slice. The experimental results indicate that output intensity of extrinsic F-P cavity attenuates gradually with the increase of cavity length,and the same periodically linear region in different segments of output characteristic curve corresponds with different measurement ranges and sensitivities. Based on the sensor performance indexes,the original cavity length of intensity-type optical fiber F-P cavity sensor can be selected.


Three distinct problems arise in the attempt to simulate Chinese brush painting: modeling ink and water diffusion in paper, modeling soft brush dynamics, and creating a brush stroke input method. Recent research [1] demonstrates that attention to the problems of brush modeling more effectively captures the style of Chinese brush painting. Until recently, however, nearly all research has focused exclusively on the problem of diffusion.


This paper deals with multi criteria decision analysis in an engineering area (info-communication networks) by combining two effective mathematical modelling tools: analytic hierarchy process and Bayesian network. An extension of Bayesian network is introduced, this vector Bayesian network is able to calculate the effects of the node faults in info-communication networks on different errors occurred at end users. We have developed a method combining expert knowledge and probabilistic theory to analyse fault spreading problem. A numerical example of network problem is worked out in order to certify our theoretical conception.


Received date: 30 May 2016; revised date: 12 July 2016 Author information: Xu Guannan, School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, assistant professor. Her current research is technological innovation and industrial policy. E-mail: email@example.com Foundation item: Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71303130, 71203117, L1524015, 71233005); Chinese Academy of Engineering Important Fund Subject of Research on the Cultivation and Development Planning of China's Strategic Emerging Industry in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (No. 2014-ZD-7); Sub-project of Green Economy and Sustainable Development Research Center of Tsinghua University (No. 20153000181) Chinese version: Strategic Study of CAE 2016, 18 (4): 113–120 Cited item: Xu Guannan et al. Analysis of Foreign Classical Policy Tools for Strategic Emerging Industries--Government Procurement and Subsidy Policies. Strategic Study of CAE, http://10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.017 Abstract: Strategic emerging industries are currently the key to upgrading a country's industrial structure and gaining international competence. Countries all over the world consider the development of strategic emerging industries as a national strategy and apply various policy tools to promote the development of such industries vigorously. Therefore, research on the important measures adopted internationally to promote the development of strategic emerging industries can offer an important reference point for China to implement relevant emerging industry policies. This paper mainly analyzes two classical policy tools adopted by developed countries, including the government procurement and government subsidies, so as to provide reference for China to cultivate and develop its strategic emerging industries.


OBJECTIVES
To compare the performance of the BacT/ALERT PZA kit (BioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) with the radiometric BACTEC 460TB PZA test (Becton-Dickinson method) for testing Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to pyrazinamide.

METHODS
A total of 50 M. tuberculosis strains were tested. Thirty of these strains had been previously considered pyrazinamide-susceptible and 20 pyrazinamide-resistant by BACTEC 460TB.

RESULTS
Final overall agreement was 100%. Time needed for the susceptibility test was 6.69 days for the BacT/ALERT PZA kit versus 8.07 days for the BACTEC 460TB PZA test.

CONCLUSIONS
BacT/ALERT PZA test is an excellent alternative to BACTEC 460TB for pyrazinamide susceptibility testing.


The article reflects the data on the positive effect of the drug Genesis Aves on the growth of young laying hens. It was found that the addition of the drug at a dose of 1-2 % of the total weight of the feed, effectively affect the growth and development with a simultaneous reduction in feed when growing repair young poultry.


Abstract We discuss the problem of identifying canonical momentum with the derivative operator when the motion on a half-line is quantised. If we assume that the Lagrangian of a particle moving in a plane is invariant under time-dependent rotations, we get a gauge theory describing the motion of this particle on a half-line. Completely analogous to Maxwell or non- Abelian Yang-Mills theory but involving only a finite number of degrees of freedom, this model can be used to illustrate how a gauge theory should be quantised. The problem of the choice of a gauge is discussed with some emphasis. 1. Introduction Let us assume that we have to quantise the motion of a particle on half-line. The coordinate r E [0, p) and its canonically conjugate momentum pr are replaced by operators satisfying the canonical com- mutation relation When we work with Cartesian coordinates x (i.e. coordinates whose domain of variation is (-m, m)), there is no problem in obtaining the representation of the momentum operator in configuration space. Since the momentum operator is the generator of a translation along the coordinate axis, we have


Eicosane, which is a saturated linear hydrocarbon with 20 carbons, was selected as a core phase change material (PCM) for microencapsulation with dispersion polymerizations. The microencapsulation reactions were carried out by emulsion and suspension copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with comonomers such as methacrylic acid (MAA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), and butyl methacrylate (BMA). The preparation methods were diversified through varying different factors, such as polymerization method, the kinds and composition of comonomers, and crosslinking agents. The morphology, particle sizes, and thermal properties including encapsulation efficiency of the prepared microcapsules were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.


The present paper explores the different methods and types of motivation strategies of human resources in ICT companies. Due to the fact that human resources are key and most important element of any companies, the way of their proper motivation could be considered as critical for the strategic development of the enterprise. When it comes to the high-technologies sectors where the changes of environment are so rapid, one of the effective responses applying by the companies is the improvement of motivation policy of their employees.


It is generally known that modelling has been part of sport practice for a long time. Numerous researches show that the urgency of the issue does not decrease. However, modelling in weight lifting has not been examined up to date and therefore it has not been developed and used. The object of the research is the educational process of training 13-15-year-old weightlifters. The subject of the research is developing modelling characteristics of physical fitness of 13-15 y.o. weightlifters as a basis of effective monitoring of the educational training process. Research objective consists in theoretical justification, developing and experimental testing of the efficiency of the modelling characteristics of physical fitness as a basis of monitoring of educational training process of the weightlifters. The research tasks are 1. To examine the theoretical and practical scientific base on the issue. 2. To elaborate modelling characteristics of physical fitness of 1315-year-old weightlifters. 3. To substantiate and test the efficiency of monitoring of physical fitness of the weightlifters on the basis of modelling characteristics usage during the research. The research was carried out on the basis of municipal educational institutions of additional education of children of Tomsk region. We have chosen 9 motional tests by means of which the level of physical fitness of weightlifters was examined. The results of the test before the research in the control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG) are almost equal. Pushing the ball by CG 40 scores, by EG 42 scores; throwing the ball with two hands from below by CG 47 scores, by EG 49 scores; running 30 m by CG 54 scores, EG 53 scores, push-ups by CG 21 scores, EG 23 scores, standing long-jump by CG -33 scores, EG 32 scores, pull-ups on the high bar by CG-21 scores, EG 19 scores, shuttle run by CG 34 scores, EG 35 scores, 1000 m run by CG 36 scores, EG-35 scores, bows front by CG 30 scores, EG-30 scores. During the research CG was trained in a general and specific way. EG was trained with account of the data from personal diaries, where sportsmen's personal information and modelling level were registered. After the research sportsmen's physical fitness was re-tested by means of the same tests. The results show increase in all tests. In the test ''pushing he ball'' CG improved its result by 8 scores, EG by 17, in ''push-ups'' CG improved the result by 4 scores, EG by 13, in ''standing long-jump'' CG took 5 more scores, EG 18, in ''throwing the ball with two hands from below'' CG improved the result by 6 scores, EG -by 17, in ''pull-ups on the high bar'' CG improved by 5 scores and EG by 16 scores, in ''shuttle run'' CG took 2 more scores, EG 13, in ''30 m run'' CG improved by 6 scores, EG by 17 scores, in ''1000 m run'' CG took 7 more scores, EG 16 scores, in ''bows front'' CG and EG improve d by 3 and 10 scores respectively. It was determined that the total amount of results appropriate for the modelling level in control and experimental groups before the research were 22 and 18 respectively from 135 possible. At the end of the research the results of 13-15-year-old weightlifters appropriate for the modelling level in control and experimental groups were 65 and 113 respectively.


The elution liquid system of ion chromatogram was studied. The simultaneous detection of polymorph phosphate ion and strong-retention sulfate ion was realized by single column ion chromatography with salt hydrogen phthalate as mobile phase. The detection limit of sulfate ion(SO42)and phosphate ion was 1 ng/mL and 3 ng/mL,respectively.Static and dynamic cation exchange behavior of Y2X8 resin and the possibility of determination of trace sulfur and phosphor in steel by online pre-separation were studied. Further more,sulfur and phosphor in low alloy steel were determined by offline pre-separation-IC and RSD11%.


The Reader consists of 29 essays reprinted from a variety of sources. A great number comes from this Journal and of these many were previously presented as IFLA papers and are therefore appearing for a third time. The editor, Philip Pacey, has divided the collection of essays into four parts: 1, The art librarian; 2. Whom we serve: art libraries and library users (this part is further sub-divided into four types of users); 3, the challenge of art and the visual dimension; 4, cooperation and association. Two appendices give excerpts from standards for art libraries in the UK and in the USA. The first part, on the art librarian, contains seven essays of which the first was originally printed in 1908. Written by Jane Wright, then librarian at the Cincinnati Art Museum, it sums up much of what the art librarian is about even today the tone is perhaps rather more defensive than that of the modern counterpart, but then she was (or felt she was) on her own. The last essay in this first section is Clive Phillpot's 'Art Library 2000' which was futuristic when it first appeared in 1976 but is now rather more actual yet still contains a note of warning which should not remain unheeded. Between these two pieces we find, among others, Trevor Fawcett's now famous essay 'The compleat art librarian' which really gives a stylish summing up of what it takes (or should take) to be an effective art librarian. It makes the essay which follows it, on the education needs of the art librarian, somewhat redundant. The second part, on the users of art libraries, contains a good range of 14 articles, covering the ever-important analysis by the user of what is required, as well as Philip Pacey's own instructive and amusing 'How art students use libraries'; Frank Hatt's 'My kind of library tutoring'; Sonia French's 'Marketing the art library'. The third part, 'The challenge of art and the visual dimension', contains some of the most interesting and stimulating essays of the collection. It lias always been the aim of the art library organisations.


There is no better way to get started with an evaluation than to develop an evaluation plan. Good evaluation planning involves identifying who the key audiences for the evaluation findings include, posing relevant and useful evaluation questions, and using evaluation measures and designs that will answer those questions to the satisfaction of key stakeholders. This article outlines some ideas on how to go about doing this work and discusses some of the broader issues relevant to the evaluation's (and the program's) success.


Summary form only given. This paper reports the growth, fabrication, and characterization of the first solid source molecular beam epitaxially (SSMBE)-grown visible resonant cavity LED's. The epitaxial layers were grown by SSMBE on (100) Si-doped GaAs (2-inch) wafers.


Disaster sociology has a rich and undeniably valuable history. Among other things, it has revealed much about the behavior of disaster survivors. In recent years, criminologists have turned their attention and the discipline's theories, methods, and data sources to understanding behavior in the wake of disasters and have come to a number of additional and sometimes different conclusions than did sociologists. In this article, we examine property crime in the wake of some recent and high-profile disasters. We find short-term increases in burglary after a number of disasters, ostensibly challenging some long-held notions in disaster sociology. We contend that the use of criminological methods including secondary analysis of extant data to understand behavior after disasters provides a more nuanced and accurate picture of postdisaster behavior and conclude with a call for inclusion of these theories, methods, and data sources in disaster studies more widely.


For a linear quadratic system driven by the output of a hidden Markov model, it is shown that the optimal control is obtained by computing the optimal control as if this output was a known deterministic function, and then substituting the best current estimates of the future values of this output for the known function in this control.


Background: PpsR controls synthesis of heme and bacteriochlorophyll in purple photosynthetic bacteria. Results: PpsR binds heme as a co-factor and changes its DNA binding pattern. Conclusion: Heme affects the ability of PpsR to regulate tetrapyrrole gene expression. Significance: A cysteine axial ligand to heme is in the helix-turn-helix domain providing a way for heme to affect DNA binding properties of PpsR. Heme-mediated regulation, presented in many biological processes, is achieved in part with proteins containing heme regulatory motif. In this study, we demonstrate that FLAG-tagged PpsR isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides cells contains bound heme. In vitro heme binding studies with tagless apo-PpsR show that PpsR binds heme at a near one-to-one ratio with a micromolar binding constant. Mutational and spectral assays suggest that both the second Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) and DNA binding domains of PpsR are involved in the heme binding. Furthermore, we show that heme changes the DNA binding patterns of PpsR and induces different responses of photosystem genes expression. Thus, PpsR functions as both a redox and heme sensor to coordinate the amount of heme, bacteriochlorophyll, and photosystem apoprotein synthesis thereby providing fine tune control to avoid excess free tetrapyrrole accumulation.


Atomic structure of amorphous silicon consistent with several reported experimental measurements has been obtained from annealing simulations using electron density functional theory calculations and a systematic removal of weakly bound atoms. The excess energy and density with respect to the crystal are well reproduced in addition to radial distribution function, angular distribution functions, and vibrational density of states. No atom in the optimal configuration is locally in a crystalline environment as deduced by ring analysis and common neighbor analysis, but coordination defects are present at a level of 1%–2%. The simulated samples provide structural models of this archetypal disordered covalent material without preconceived notion of the atomic ordering or fitting to experimental data.


Electives are a vital part of medical education. They are the chance to get out of your medical school's catchment area to do something different, and hopefully fun, for a few months.

Many students choose to go to a resource poor country. They often get a lot out of it, but going to such places throws up a lot of ethical questions that students need to think …


Results obtained for the antisymmetric gauge A=[Hy,−Hx]/2 by Brown and Zak are compared with those based on pure group-theoretical considerations and corresponding to the Landau gauge A=[0, Hx]. Imposing the periodic boundary conditions one has to be very careful since the first gauge leads to a factor system which is not normalized. A period N introduced in Brown's and Zak's papers should be considered as a magnetic one, whereas the crystal period is in fact 2N. The "normalization" procedure proposed here shows the equivalence of Brown's, Zak's, and other approaches. It also indicates the importance of the concept of magnetic cells. Moreover, it is shown that factor systems (of projective representations and central extensions) are gauge-dependent, whereas a commutator of two magnetic translations is gauge-independent. This result indicates that a form of the vector potential (a gauge) is also important in physical investigations.


Based on the case study of Huawei corporation,this paper examines how to build a strong high - tech brand.A model of the components and capabilities for high - tech branding is then developed.From the component perspectives, high -tech firm should refine clear brand core value or promise,and brand position.Also,a suitable brand portfolio with synergy effects is crucial From the capability perspectives,high - tech firm should develop marketing capabilities,organizational and culture capabilities,and firm - level supportive capabilities.This approach resulted in high - tech brand leadership,but also reflected the characteristics of the high - tech branding.


This paper presents two episodes of an exploratory study on a prototype of a mathematics curriculum for pre-service teacher education. The focus here is on the way in which students may operationalize mathematical concepts in rational arithmetic thus improving the mathematical quality of their learning. It is claimed in the major research that the curriculum should offer a mathematical matrix strong and flexible enough to enable them to manipulate and create the conditions to teach mathematics with quality as a generalist teacher. The main claim in this paper is the difference between those who relate and compress arithmetic procedures and those who remain in rote learning step-by-step arithmetic procedures, that is called the proceptual divide as showed.


Abstract Notice of redundant publication and erratum on the paper published in Business Systems Research, Vol. 7 No. 1, 2016, pp. 104-118.


CONTEXT
The rapidly increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) globally places a growing population at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly those with persistent impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) postpartum.

OBJECTIVE
We sought to 1) identify dynamic insulin signaling abnormalities in vivo in a prospective, longitudinal study of GDM women compared to weight-matched pregnant controls both antepartum and postpartum; and 2) determine abnormalities that might distinguish GDM women who normalize their glucose tolerance postpartum from those with persistent IGT.

DESIGN
Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before and after a 75-g glucose load in nine overweight to obese GDM women and 10 weight-matched pregnant controls antepartum and postpartum. Postpartum biopsies were collected in five weight-matched GDM women with IGT (GDM/IGT).

RESULTS
GDM women had decreased skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) tyrosine activation and reduced IRS1, concomitant with increased basal IRS1 serine phosphorylation and basal p70 S6-kinase (S6K1) activation, which resolved postpartum. However, GDM/IGT subjects had a persistent impairment in IRS1 activation and increased S6K1 phosphorylation compared to GDM subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals that women with GDM demonstrate impaired IRS1 signaling associated with increased S6K1 activation in skeletal muscle in vivo. This defect is maintained postpartum in GDM/IGT subjects, despite similar body weights and cytokine levels. Given that GDM women with persistent IGT are at a high risk of developing T2DM, understanding how the nutrient-sensitive mammalian target of rapamycin/S6K1 pathway is chronically activated in GDM may lead to important therapies that could prevent the progression to T2DM.


Today it is possible to finally go beyond the limits of the analytical paradigm by enriching it with a real systemic dimension allowing a complete integration of the most fundamental recent scientific achievements reflecting the emergence and resilience of complex systems, in particular the so-called "living" states of matter. This contribution proposes to show how the integration of this systemic dimension makes it possible in particular to better understand and manage in a truly lucid and operational way the biological and ecological organizational systems but also socio-economic, even political as, for example, in terms of energy transitions in the face of climate change. Work on thermodynamics of far-from-equilibrium systems has indeed thrown unprecedented light on the understanding of the dynamics of "complex" systems, particularly molecular ones. It is now well established that the emergence of such dynamic organizational structures is determined by maximizing their dissipative


The tectonic ore-forming is a complicated and spatio-temporal chaotic dynamic system,which manifests multiphase and multiperiodic ore-forming with time evolution and nonuniform distribution and fractal feature of deposits in space. Tectonic-fluid interaction andmechano-chemical coupling result in overpressuring and episodie release of ore-forming fluidand multiperiodic ore-forming. The nonlinear dynamic model for tectonic ore-forming isfounded from mechano-chemical coupling in the paper.


As race scholars and criminologists we are attuned to Du Bois's (2007: 106) still meaningful injunction to 'oppose this national racket of railroading to jails and chain gangs the poor, the friendless and the Black'. Yet we have become concerned that criminology seems rather inured to the long-standing and deeply entrenched patterns of race and criminal justice which characterize many high-income countries, and certainly England and Wales and Australia, which are the geographical focus of this Special Issue of Theoretical Criminology.