Along with the boosting of substation automation degree,substation RMS(Remote Maintenance System) has been realized in some areas,which adequately makes use of the hardware resource of netowrk communication to improve automation system. The secure multi-user access to RMS becomes most important. By analyzing the multi-user structure of RMS,a network access scheme based on RADIUS(Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) protocol is put forward,and the authority distribution based on RBAC (Role Based Access Control) is developed to limit user's access right strictly.


The public works projects aim to serve the society.However,it is very difficult to evaluate the public works projects because of its complexity and special interface relations.Whether the public works projects perform well just can be estimated qualitatively.Based on the Dissipative Structure theory and neglecting the impact of project pattern and interface,the standard that whether the public works projects perform well should be whether the organization is ordered or not.Thus the mathematical model based on Dissipative Structure for order definition of public works projects has been put forward.Furthermore,some views on the application of Dissipative Structure theory in order definition of the public works projects have been analyzed.


If a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) probe beam is normally incident on a resonating metal strip with a mirror-finish, the retro-reflected beam has corresponding dynamic deflections. These lateral beam offsets are proportional to the dynamic surface tilt and can be measured along with the LDV velocity using a separating beam-splitter and a two-dimensional position sensitive detector (PSD). On a thin unbound strip resonating with 'pure mode' deformation, these derivative motions, velocity and tilt, are completely complementary. On a thin unbound plate resonating with 'hybrid mode' deformation, velocity and now two orthogonal tilts are nearly complementary. Maximal tilt has zero velocity, and maximum deformation or velocity has zero tilt. Intermediate values range in complementary fashion except near 'cross-nodes' zones. Here both motion types drop to zero at these cross-node locations. Both velocity and tilt signals are compared simultaneously using a special test fixture. This fixture consists of a stainless steel strip supported on its edges in the center, which can be excited by small speakers at the ends. Two comparison/calibration approaches are demonstrated with a pure 3-0 mode. Significant modal details are also demonstrated by analyzing multiple modes from pulsed excitation, and mapping a 3-1 mode-shape using the combined sensing approaches.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how has the European Union (EU) funding influenced projectification of the Polish public sector. The projectification of the public sector is analysed in relation to three levels: mega (state level), macro (sector level) and mezo (organisation level). Hence, it is understood as a multidimensional phenomenon that permeates different social structures. The study also applies elements of neoinstitutional theory and Europeanisation concept to the research on projectification.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on the mixed methods approach. The adopted methods (document analysis, quantitative analysis and in-depth interviews) are both qualitative and quantitative in nature and were used sequentially to address the research question, while securing the triangulation of the data.

Findings
The Polish public sector was projectified as a result of the implementation of hundreds of thousands of projects co-financed by the EU, which among other things, effected in legal regulations that support the project implementation of public tasks and changes in organisational structures towards a project-oriented direction. At public organisation level, it causes changes in the scope of organisational structures, strategic management processes and methods of work. On the basis of the assumptions that explain the mechanism of organisational isomorphism and Europeanisation, the paper may conclude that the public sector projectification process was triggered by a misfit between the projectified EU structures and the low degree of projectification in the Polish public sector.

Originality/value
The study is the first step to try to understand how the massification of project activities can affect the activities of the public sector of the particular country and the shaping of public policies at home. Because Poland has been the largest beneficiary of EU funds in Europe for over ten years, it can be assumed that these processes in this country are particularly intense. An attempt was also made to identify the scale of the public sector projectification process in Poland by not only describing, but also quantifying the phenomenon.


Background A history of preeclampsia is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease and experimental evidence suggests that a history of preeclampsia also increases the risk of restenosis. However, the extent to which a history of preeclampsia is associated with risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in women is unknown. Methods and Results We included 6065 parous women aged ≤65 years with first percutaneous coronary intervention on 9452 segments 2006 to 2017, linking nationwide data on percutaneous coronary intervention and delivery history in Sweden. Main outcomes were clinical restenosis and target lesion revascularization within 2 years. We accounted for segment‐, procedure‐, and patient‐related potential predictors of restenosis in proportional hazards regression models. Restenosis occurred in 345 segments (3.7%) and target lesion revascularization was performed on 383 patients (6.3%). A history of preeclampsia was neither significantly associated with risk of restenosis (predictor‐accounted hazard ratio [HR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.41–1.23]) nor target lesion revascularization (0.74 [95% CI, 0.51–1.07]) compared with a normotensive pregnancy history. When term and preterm preeclampsia were investigated separately, segments in women with a history of term preeclampsia had a lower risk of restenosis (predictor‐accounted HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.21–0.94]). A history of preeclampsia was not significantly associated with death by any cause within 2 years of the index procedure (predictor‐accounted HR 1.06, [95% CI, 0.62–1.80]). Conclusions A history of preeclampsia was not associated with increased risk of restenosis but instead some evidence pointed to a decreased risk. To facilitate future studies and allow for replication, concomitant collection of data on pregnancy complication history and percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes in women is warranted.


Professor Brian Fitzgerald's submission to the Review of the National Innovation System highlighted the urgent need for a national policy and guiding principles on access and reuse of public sector information. Such policy and principles should seek to remove unnecessary impediments to information flows in order to promote the broadest possible exchange of ideas. This in turn allows new and improved ways of doing things to emerge. It is in the exchange of ideas through the networks that we inhabit that we will come to learn new ways of dealing with the key issues of our generation.


A comprehensive review of structural flexibility models for railway wheel-sets is presented in this pilot study. The wheel-set structural flexibility can have a major influence on the vehicle-track dynamic interaction. It leads to fluctuations in the wheel-rail forces, affects derailment risk, ride stability and ride comfort and plays a role in the growth of out-of-roundness of wheels, corrugation of track and propagation of noise. Evaluation of the wheel-set structural flexibility and its effects requires laboratory testing and measurements on track as well. Design guides for testing running behaviour of railway vehicles were developed and adopted to set the requirements for such tests. Such measurements are reviewed too. Numerical modelling of structural flexibility of wheel-sets has been studied. The following methods are included in this report: Continuous models, finite element models, lumped models and eigenmodes. In this report the effects of wheel-set flexibility are presented and classified according to the modelling methods, frequency range and type of application. Topics related to simulation and modelling of wheel-set flexibility such as equations of motion, boundary conditions and reduction methods are discussed. (A)


Background: Many in vivo and laboratory methods have been used to evaluate ruminant feeds. The objective of this experiment was to determine feed intake, digestibility, kinetics of gas production, in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMDv) and metabolizable energy (ME) of Trifolium alexandrinum (T. alexandrinum) and Medicago sativa (M. sativa) at different maturity stages through in vivo and in vitro methods to elaborate predictive equations from chemical constituents. Methods: In vivo assay was carried out with two groups of five rams male kipped in metabolism cage. Samples of forage, refusal and feces were collected and processed for chemical analysis. In vitro gaz production technique was performed on forage samples.Result: The bud and early bloom stage of M. sativa recorded the highest digestibility values of the chemical component (P less than 0.05). The OMDv of M. sativa was 60.65 and 68.26% (P less than 0.01) for early bloom stage and bud stage, respectively. Crude protein digestibility (CPD) was positively correlated with crude protein rate (R2=0.83, P less than 0.05). The gas production from the insoluble fraction "b" fraction showed a positive correlation with acid detergent fiber (ADF) (R2=0.999, P less than 0.001). However, cumulative gas production at 24h and 48 h of incubation were negatively correlated (P less than 0.05) with the ADF rate (R2= -0.98 and -0.97, respectively).


The boundary region between Gansu and Qinghai province was an important region in China.Many minorities inhabited in there.For a long time,this region has been the place where boundary disputes often occurred.The boundary dispute demonstrates a spectial man-land relationship.It was a complex mixture of historical ,geographical ,political and social factors.The inner shortcomings exited in the boundary management.Some new notions,including harmonious geopolitics,intercomplementary temper system of resources,renewable administrative pattern were put forward in the paper.


This study discusses the process of training health professionals, facing the demands that come from society with human resources capable of seeking healthy and sustainable answers. The objective of this study was to analyze the profile and skills acquired in Health Promotion (HP) and insertion in the labor market of graduates of a postgraduate program in PS that bases their methodology on Paulo Freire and Edgar Morin. It is an exploratory field research of the mixed type. The sample totaled 54 participants, graduates from 2012 to 2017, representing 50.5% of the population of the period. The HP training is benefited by the reflexive critical approach adopted by the program and based on Paulo Freire and Edgar Morin, committed to reality by extracting the essence of the practice and allowing the transformation of reality. It is noteworthy that part of these graduates are acting in teaching and thus feeding the teaching process in the perspective of HP.


All-oxide thermoelectric modules for energy harvesting are attractive because of high-temperature stability, low cost, and the potential to use nonscarce and nontoxic elements. Thermoelectric modules are mostly fabricated in the conventional π-design, associated with the challenge of unstable metallic interconnects at high temperature. Here, we report on a novel approach for fabrication of a thermoelectric module with an in situ formed p–p–n junction made of state-of-the-art oxides Ca3Co4–xO9+δ (p-type) and CaMnO3–CaMn2O4 composite (n-type). The module was fabricated by spark plasma co-sintering of p- and n-type powders partly separated by insulating LaAlO3. Where the n- and p-type materials originally were in contact, a layer of p-type Ca3CoMnO6 was formed in situ. The hence formed p–p–n junction exhibited Ohmic behavior and a transverse thermoelectric effect, boosting the open-circuit voltage of the module. The performance of the module was characterized at 700–900 °C, with the highest power output of 5.7 mW (around 23 mW/cm2) at 900 °C and a temperature difference of 160 K. The thermoelectric properties of the p- and n-type materials were measured in the temperature range 100–900 °C, where the highest zT of 0.39 and 0.05 were obtained at 700 and 800 °C, respectively, for Ca3Co4–xO9+δ and the CaMnO3–CaMn2O4 composite.


Objective:Explore pre-pregnancy health checks and B-ultrasonic-monitoring intervention in the prevention of birth defects. Methods:Married women in number of 4875 as a comparing group who did not received free pre-pregnancy health checks carried out during January 1,2011 to April 30,2012;the other group in number of 5019 married women,who received free pre-pregnancy health checks carried out during January 1,2013 to April 30,2014,as a intervention group,to compare the B ultrasonic monitoring and abnormal circumstances on birth defects. Results:For B-ultrasonic monitoring during pregnancy,abnormal circumstance in number of 101 people found in comparing group,62 people in intervention group. The percentage of birth defects reached 20.718‰ in comparing group and 12.353‰ in intervention group. The difference between the two groups was very statistically significant(P0.05).Among the abnormal circumstance monitored during pregnancy,embryonic development stops at most,accounting for 30.7%,followed by fetal death accounted for 12.88% and then the congenital heart disease accounting for 9.20%. Birth defects incidence of perinatal child in comparing group accounted for 7.106‰,in intervention group 3.422‰ with a decrease of 51.84%. Defects in born children before and after the intervention overall circumstances changed,in the comparing group the first row represented the neural tube defects,followed by cleft lip and palate,congenital heart disease,finger and toe deformities and ear deformities;while in intervention group the fingers and toes deformities ranked the first,cleft lip and palate exited before 5. Comprehensive study found prone to birth defects in seven categories of people. Conclusion:Conducting the free pre-pregnancy health checks and pregnancy B-monitoring and taking effective measures for effective intervention and guidance can effectively prevent pathological pregnancy and child birth defects,reduce the incidence of birth defects,the population quality improved.


Breast abscess is common in lactating females. The incidence of breast abscess ranges from 0.4 to 11% of all lactating mothers. Risk factors for the development of breast abscess are milk stasis by duct blockage, stress, sore nipples or infrequent breastfeeding. Other risk factors for abscess formation include maternal age over 30 years, gestational age greater than 41 weeks and a history of mastitis. The pathogen most commonly Staphylococcus aureus enter into breast via cracked nipple specially in primipara due to inexperience, poor feeding technique and poor attachment by baby. Breast abscess is common in developing countries due to poor maternal hygiene, decreased nutrition, poor standard of living, delay in antibiotics administration and poor breastfeeding techniques. Patient having breast abscess presents with symptoms of pain, swelling and redness of the involved breast. There may be associated fever, malaise and occasionally rigors.


Ethylene carbonate (EC) is one of the most common electrolyte for lithium ion batteries, but it has a narrow working temperature range. Despite the structural similarity, propylene carbonate (PC) has a wider working temperature range as an electrolyte, but it induces exfoliation of the graphite anode. To understand the different behavior of EC and PC electrolytes at the atomistic level, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of electrolyte intercalated graphene sheets. We observed no diffusion of electrolyte between graphene sheets when interlayer distance is less than 6 A, but both of EC and PC form monolayer between graphene sheets with comparable density when interlayer distance is 7–8 A. Because of the size difference, the intercalated PC molecules induce a longer separation distance between graphene sheets compared to that of EC. The longer separation with PC intercalant induces more frequent sliding-exfoliation movement. We found that the exfoliation diffusion coefficient of the graphene s...


Electroluminescence from different organic materials biased by AC voltage based on an organic field effect transistor configuration has recently been reported [1]. This method is promising for realizing electrically pumped organic laser diode [2]. However, the underlying mechanism of charge carrier injection from metal electrode to organic semiconductors in this platform is still unclear. In this talk, new evidence of charge carriers with both polarities injecting from an individual electrode will be presented, and different theoretical models regarding charge carrier injection will also be discussed.


A case of intracranial cryptococcal masses was encoun tered with an unusual computed tomographic (CT) demon stration of multiple enhancing deep cortical , basal ganglionic, and posterior fossa lesions which were difficult to differentiate from metastatic disease. Although there have been a few previous reports [1-6] of intracerebral cryptococcal granu lomas and abscesses with correlative CT scans, this case may be unique in the number and location of the intracranial cryptococcal mass lesion s. Case Report A 57-year-old had occipital headaches and difficulty in walking ; he fe ll frequently. His family gave a history of heavy alcohol consumption and confusion and dementia for several months. Physical examination revealed a cachectic and unkempt elderly man who was lethargic but followed commands well . He was afebrile and other vital signs were stable. His neck was supple and his chest was clear. He was oriented to person and place, but not to time. Both recent and remote memory were poor. Cranial nerves were intact, and there was no papilledema. Deep tendon reflexes were 2+ and symmetric with fiexor plantar reflexes. He had a wide-based gait. A lumbar puncture at admission revealed clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with an opening pressure of 42 cm of water, a white blood cell count of 72/mm 3


The hospital gradually realized that previous management experience alone cannot meet the current hospital management since the rapid development of the medical market in China, the increasingly fierce competition so that more advanced, precise and scientific management methods is required for the hospital to cope with the market competition. The author first defined the meaning of the hospital performance management and performance appraisal, and made analysis of the differences and relations between them, stated the content of the hospital performance targets, source, process, performance appraisal system settings. Second, the author pointed out existence question hospital performance management, (1) lack of systematic performance management; (2) focus on performance evaluation only and ignore the performance of process management; (3) performance indicators is not scientific; (4) the neglect of employee participation and communication. Solution: (1) to establish the correct scientific concept of performance management; (2) improve the level of performance management; (3) the establishment of performance oriented hospital culture; (4) the scientific establishment of performance indicators, the establishment of scientific performance management system.


The physical properties of the interaction region between the solar wind and Halley comet have been taken a considerable atten-tion in this work. The cometary ion tail that formed and shaped by the existence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is also depends on the comet type. This interaction can be described by plasma and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) laws which based to continuities equations. Simulations are achieved by developing computer codes using the MATLAB 7.8 to study the present model and verifying a solution of the continuities equations using mid-point Leapfrog explicit method in three dimen-sions. This research show good results where the interaction near the cometary nucleus which is mainly affected by the new ions added to the plasma of the solar wind, which increased the average molecular weight and result in many unique characteristics of the cometary tail. These characteristics were explained in the presence of the IMF. The physical properties that studied in this research were: mass density, magnetic field and velocity. The previous set was used for Halley comet under study. The behavior was explained on the base of newly added ions and it was shown that as more ions are added, the physical behavior changed.


This study aims to examine the acceleration of water absorption time in natural silk fabric irradiated with negative and positive corona plasma discharge generation at atmospheric pressure. The point-to-plane electrode configuration is made by one hundred point electrodes, equally distributed, in a 10 x 10 square plane and a plane electrode made of copper. The positive plasma discharge is generated by connecting the point electrodes to a high voltage power supply. In contrast, the negative plasma discharge is generated by connecting the power supply to the plane electrode. During the plasma discharge irradiation, the dyeing natural silk (Bombyx Mori) samples are placed on the plane electrode with varying irradiation duration and electrode spacing. Identification of irradiation effects on the fabrics was made using water drop test and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Increasing the electrode's gap improves the stability of the corona discharge by reducing the discharge current. Moreover, longer irradiation time results in faster water absorption due to a significant interaction between the torn fabrics and water, especially at a broader electrode gap. In conclusion, both positive and negative corona plasma discharges irradiation alters water absorption time, with longer irradiation time results in faster water absorption by samples.


Due to the urgency of our energy and environmental issues, a variety of cost‐effective and pollution‐free technologies have attracted considerable attention, among which thermoelectric technology has made enormous progress. Substantial numbers of new thermoelectric materials are created with high figure of merit (ZT) by using advanced nanoscience and nanotechnology. This is especially true in the case of metal‐chalcogenide‐based materials, which possess both relatively high ZT and low cost among all the different kinds of thermoelectric materials. Here, comprehensive coverage of recent advances in metal chalcogenides and their correlated thermoelectric enhancement mechanisms are provided. Several new strategies are summarized with the hope that they can inspire further enhancement of performance, both in metal chalcogenides and in other materials.


HIV continues to remain one of the major public health concerns for more than 3 decades and has accounted for the deaths of 35 million people till date. Despite making considerable progress in the response against the disease, it continues to pose major threats across all the regions. This is mainly because the reach of services is inadequate and that the scale up plan is also slow. Another major challenge is the rise in the incidence of a number of conflicts and other humanitarian emergencies, which not only jeopardize the health delivery system, but also forces the people to migrate to other regions, which might again pose a major pressure on the health system of the recipient nations. This is a high time to focus on the critical areas and further strengthen the existing momentum of the HIV response by the nations. In conclusion, HIV infection is a major public health concern and all the involved sectors and stakeholders have to work together to keep the infection under check and improve the quality of life of the infected people.


Based on the analysis of the existing problems of rotary type urea granulators,a new type urea granulator was designed. The design characteristics and application of the new type urea granulator were presented.


In this paper, we propose an end-to-end framework that jointly learns keypoint detection, descriptor representation and cross-frame matching for the task of image-based 3D localization. Prior art has tackled each of these components individually, purportedly aiming to alleviate difficulties in effectively train a holistic network. We design a self-supervised image warping correspondence loss for both feature detection and matching, a weakly-supervised epipolar constraints loss on relative camera pose learning, and a directional matching scheme that detects key-point features in a source image and performs coarse-to-fine correspondence search on the target image. We leverage this framework to enforce cycle consistency in our matching module. In addition, we propose a new loss to robustly handle both definite inlier/outlier matches and less-certain matches. The integration of these learning mechanisms enables end-to-end training of a single network performing all three localization components. Bench-marking our approach on public data-sets, exemplifies how such an end-to-end framework is able to yield more accurate localization that out-performs both traditional methods as well as state-of-the-art weakly supervised methods.


Computer time can cost up to £500 per hour and in the event of a power failure long programs lasting several hours may have to be completely rerun, representing a serious loss of revenue and possibly considerable inconvenience. For this reason many companies operating computers install standby generating plant


The structure of the first electronically excited states of small ArMclusters ( M ¯<100) embedded in large NeN (N57500) clusters is investigated using fluorescence excitation spectroscopy. In the energy range of the characteristic absorption of Ar clusters ~11.5-12.9 eV!, surface excitons of Ar clusters embedded in Ne disappear, while additional absorption bands appear. They are assigned to excitons at the interface between the Ar cluster and the Ne host cluster. The observed energy shift of all absorption bands is proportional to the logarithm of the cluster radius. This can be understood in the Frenkel-exciton model, taking the resonant excitation transfer into account.


Gentry's fully homomorphic encryption scheme can only applied to single bit message, since the recrypt algorithm for full size message is relatively complicated. Based on Gentry's fully homomorphic encryption scheme, we provides a improvement and present a fully homomorphic encryption scheme which can encryption on n-bit message, and the asymptotic complexity is equal to Gentry's.


1. Acknowledgements 2. Introduction: The pragmatics of discourse coherence (by Redeker, Gisela) 3. Coherence and genre 4. Explicit and implicit coherence relations in Dutch texts (by Vliet, Nynke van der) 5. Contrastive relations, evaluation, and generic structure in science news (by Haupt, Jaromir) 6. The signalling of coherence relations 7. The coding of discourse relations in English and German argumentative discourse (by Speyer, Augustin) 8. Resolving connective ambiguity: a prerequisite for discourse parsing (by Stede, Manfred) 9. Coherence in multimodal discourse 10. Multimodal coherence research and its applications (by Bateman, John A.) 11. Coherence in multimodal arts installations (by Huemer, Birgit) 12. Developmental and educational perspectives 13. "Why? Because I'm talking to you!" Parental input and cognitive complexity as determinants of children's connective acquisition (by Veen, Rosie van) 14. (Non-)signalling of coherence structures in English learner writing (by Schiftner, Barbara) 15. Signalling coherence in Austrian students' seminar papers: macro- and micro-structural cues (by Gruber, Helmut) 16. Index


BACKGROUND
The anterior cerebral artery originates from the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery lateral to the optic chiasm, then joins with its contralateral counterpart via the anterior communicating artery. A1-anterior communicating artery complex is the most frequent anatomical variants and is the major site of aneurysms between 30 to 37%.

OBJECTIVE
Know the anatomy microsurgical, variants anatomical and importance of complex precommunicating segment-artery anterior communicating in surgery neurological of the pathology vascular, mainly aneurysms, in Mexican population.

METHODS
The study was performed in 30 brains injected. Microanatomy was studied (length and diameter) of A1-anterior communicating artery complex and its variants.

RESULTS
60 segments A1, the average length of left side was 11.35 mm and 11.84 mm was right. The average diameter of left was 1.67 mm and the right was 1.64 mm. The average number of perforators on the left side was 7.9 and the right side was 7.5. Anterior communicating artery was found in 29 brains of the optic chiasm, its course depended on the length of the A1 segment. The average length of the segment was 2.84 mm, the average diameter was 1.41 mm and the average number of perforators was 3.27. A1-anterior communicating artery complex variants were found in 18 (60%) and the presence of two blister-like aneurysms.

CONCLUSION
It is necessary to understand the A1-anterior communicating artery complex microanatomy of its variants to have a three-dimensional vision during aneurysm surgery.


A 32‐year‐old female presented with palpitations and chest discomfort. The patient had a history of pericardiotomy due to pericardial effusion. Multimodal imaging, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) showed a single mass in the pericardium as the cause of the symptoms. Furthermore, its location and potential complications were accurately defined. The patient underwent a successful surgical resection of the pericardial cyst, microscopic histopathological examination was compatible with a bronchogenic cyst, a very rare congenital malformation. The article discusses the rarity of bronchogenic cysts in the pericardium and the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.


A detailed numerical investigation of the application of off-axis volume control for sonic boom mitigation is summarized. An 85-ft (25.9-m) aircraft e ying at a Mach of 2.4 at an altitude of 57,000 ft (17.4 km) in a real atmosphere was studied. The off-axis volume was supplied by a keel system below the forward portion of the supersonic vehicle. The off-axis volume increased the e neness ratio of the vehicle by adding volume under the vehicle, thereby increasing its apparent length. A fully three-dimensional nonlinear Euler model was employed. The results presented proved that off-axis volume addition is effective and efe cient for increasing the apparent length of the vehicle, thereby greatly alleviating sonic boom both on and off the e ight-path axis. It was also shown that a keel swept forward normal to the Mach plane has a length efe ciency factor equal to the freestream Mach number.It wasfurtherdemonstrated that heat additioncould besubstituted foroff-axis volume.Finally, nonlinear effects serve to minimize the keel size.


Dendroctonus pseudotsugae is the most important forest insect pest of Douglas‐fir Pseudotsuga menziesii in North America. Two subspecies of Douglas‐fir beetle are recognized: D. pseudotsugae pseudotsugae, which inhabits southwestern Canada and western United States, and Dendroctonus pseudotsugae barragani, which occurs in northern Mexico. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of 3‐methylcylohex‐2‐en‐1‐one (MCH) in reducing aggregation of D. pseudotsugae barragani, and corresponding Douglas‐fir mortality by this insect. Two field experiments were conducted: the first consisted of three doses of MCH in bubble caps (plus a control treatment) applied within 16 0.5 ha plots. The second consisted of three doses of MCH disrupt micro‐flakes (plus a control treatment) applied within 16 1.0 ha plots. MCH bubble caps at 28.8 and 44.0 g AI/ha and MCH disrupt micro‐flakes at 185.3 and 741 g AI/ha significantly reduced the aggregation of D. pseudotsugae barragani. When applying MCH as bubble caps, only the highest dose (44.0 g AI/ha) significantly reduced the number of successfully attacked trees. However, MCH micro‐flake doses of 185.3 and 741 g AI/ha reduced the number of successfully attacked trees to zero.


Through analysis on No.4 tank project overrun subsidence of Tianjin Branch Company attached to China Oil Limited Corporation,main reasons caused the subsidence of piles foundation are found.By using static pressure grouting treatment method,water physical property between piles has been improved,the friction between piles have been increased.Foundation reinforcement can relieve and eliminate the subsidence problems occurred in existing buildings.


Please cite this paper as: Jones R, Cederberg H, Wheeler S, Poston L, Hutchinson C, Seed P, Oliver R, Baker P. Relationship between maternal growth, infant birthweight and nutrient partitioning in teenage pregnancies. BJOG 2010;117:200–211.


In 'How Many Lives Has Schrödinger's Cat?' David Lewis argues that the Everettian no-collapse interpretation of quantum mechanics is in a tangle when it comes to probabilities. This paper aims to show that the difficulties that Lewis raises are insubstantial. The Everettian metaphysics contains a coherent account of probability. Indeed it accounts for probability rather better than orthodox metaphysics does.


Identifying intervals is one of the basic skills that a music learner is supposed to grasp. It consists of the analysis of intervals' structure, the recognition of tone color and the relationship between intervals. In this article, the author expounds identifying intervals by explaining the above profound factors one by one in a simple way.


A blood collection and separator assembly of the type suitable for centrifuging to separate the plasma/serum or light phase from the heavy or cellular phase of blood is disclosed. The assembly includes a collection container and a piston slidably disposed therein for sealing off the plasma or serum phase from the cellular or heavy phase of blood after centrifuging is terminated. The piston is formed having a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of blood and the interface-seeking piston is positioned in the container and includes at least two spaced sealing rings which contact the inner surfaces of the container. The piston provides a passage for conducting separated serum/plasma from below the piston to above the piston. A filter means is positioned on the piston and is in fluid communication with the passage therewith so that the serum/plasma is filtered as it passes through the passage. The lower sealing ring is deformable and acts like a valve to open the passage when the piston is subjected to centrifugation. The piston moves downward in the container and automatically stops at the serum/plasma-cellular inter face, when the filter means becomes clogged by the heavy phase. When the piston descent is stopped the deformed sealing ring closes the passage thereby forming a barrier between the heavy and light phases of the blood.


Competition between neurons for limited amounts of trophic factors is believed to be the basis for large‐scale neuronal death during the normal development of the vertebrate nervous system. In this study, an unbiased stereological counting method, an optical disector/Cavalieri combination, was used to estimate the total number of motor neurons in the lateral motor column of the developing chick and to assess the effects of four growth factors on neuronal numbers. The total number of neurons in lateral motor columns at embryonic day 6 (E6), E8, E10 and E12 were 18,747 ± 1,369 (mean ± SD), 15,037 ± 1,816, 10,245 ± 940, and 8,802 ± 797, respectively. Daily exposure from E6 to E9 to three of the growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF; leukemia inhibitory factor, LIF; nerve growth factor, NGF) had no effect on total neuron number at E10. However, exposure to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) from E6 to E9 significantly increased (P < 0.05) the number of neurons in the lateral motor column (13,610 ± 725, compared with 10,058 ± 204 in normal saline controls). These results are in agreement with previous reports of large scale neuronal death in the developing chick lumbar lateral motor column between E6 and E12 and confirm that exposure to growth factors such as CNTF can mitigate the course of normal ontogenetic cell death. The optical disector/Cavalieri combination is an efficient method for counting neurons: on average, following sectioning and staining, less than 30 min was required to estimate the total number of motor neurons in a lateral motor column with a coefficient of error of approximately 10%.


APSIM – maize model was validated with the experimental data on three maize cultivars (Sammaz 33, Sammaz 37 and Sammaz 27) sown on three different dates during 2015 wet season at the Institute for Agricultural Research Samaru Zaria Nigeria (Lat. 7R" 38'N, Long. 11R" 11'E Lat. 686m). For the testing efficiency of the model performance, R2, RMSE and RMSEn was computed. RMSEn betweenobserved and simulated values by APSIM for grain yield was lowest (5.4%) for Sammaz 33 cultivar as compared to Sammaz 37 (10.5%) and Sammaz 26 (27.6%). Similar results were obtained for the other parameters, with Sammaz 33 out yielding the other two cultivars. The observed values under second sowing date showed better performance of days to flowering, physiological maturity and leaf area index for all the varieties. The grain yield performance were higher under first sowing date. The results led to the conclusion that APSIM model is efficient in simulating maize growth and development in arid environment of Samaru.


The invention provides a two-layer interchange occupying few land area and a passing method thereof, wherein the two-layer interchange occupying few land area comprises two straight overpasses which are arranged over the middle part of a crossroad and in parallel with one road, the two ends and the middle part of each straight overpass are respectively provided with entrances and exits, an approach bridge is connected with each entrance of the straight overpass, and an approach road is connected with each exit of the straight overpass; the approach bridges and the approach roads are respectively connected with corresponding roads, a pedestrian bridge is arranged between the two straight overpasses, a safety island is arranged at the inner side of each of the four corners of the crossroad, and each island is connected with the pedestrian bridge by stairs. According to the two-layer interchange occupying few land area and the passing method of the two-layer interchange, a traffic light is not needed at the crossroad, vehicles can go own ways without mutual interference, the high efficiency travelling of the vehicles at the crossroad is achieved, and the traffic pressure at the crossroad is greatly lightened; and the two-layer interchange occupies few land area, does not influence surrounding facilities, and is small in construction area and low in cost.


Tailored electrostatic potentials are at the heart of semiconductor nanostructures. We present measurements of size and screening effects of the tip-induced potential in scanning gate microscopy on a two-dimensional electron gas. First, we show methods on how to estimate the size of the tip-induced potential. Second, a ballistic cavity is studied as a function of the bias-voltage of the metallic top gates and probed with the tip-induced potential. It is shown how the potential of the cavity changes by tuning the system to a regime where conductance quantization in the constrictions formed by the tip and the top gates occurs. This conductance quantization leads to a unprecedented rich fringe pattern over the entire structure. Third, the effect of electrostatic screening of the metallic top gates is discussed.


The computer science curriculum and other related academic programs show a relevant gap on software cost estimation. Usually, curriculum models related to software development recommend the inclusion of software estimation topics without specifying any particular estimation model. In addition, software estimation models are difficult to understand and the existing examples are often vague, and this without considering actual contexts. In this paper we present a pedagogical proposal to teach COCOMO in its basic and intermediate modalities, oriented to the magnitude of the final product. The model includes six sections required for a proper pedagogical approach. First, the theoretical background is explained in a very simple way. Then, there is a presentation of an actual case study, several examples, a pedagogical approach, and the respective analysis. This work is important because it is now possible to teach the software cost estimation topic by using a practical model contextualized in an actual case.


Introduction Attending to the country's rural areas and providing services and facilities to activate rural units whether for the necessity of expanding activities especially in activates of the first part or for the correct arrangement of population stability in different areas and for the optimal arrangement of rural spaces and finally for rural sustainable environment are inevitable. Gathering village types in Guilan plain area intends to change the villagers' way of living from a dispersed condition to a semi dispersed one. It can be known as planning physical development of rural habitats and as a part of the process of rural development, it aims at directing the framework of village in a desirable way and allocating optimal spaces to various activities. In other words, Gathering village types is a type of planning to guide villagers and gain their participation in building settlements and the way they are built in the plain villages of Guilan Province. In fact, the strategy in question is not going to destroy or rebuild rural settlements. It, however, is going to plan for the future buildings in the villages leaving the present settlements intact and is going to reduce numerous problems and difficulties of villages in this area for gaining rural sustainable development. The present article is extracted from a PhD dissertation titled "Feasibility of Gathering Plain Village Types in order to Reach Sustainable Development in Guilan Province" that was defended in Jan.2009 under the supervision of Professor Nasrollah Molaie Hashjin.


Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are valuable tools that consider the interactions between socioeconomic systems and the climate system. Decision-makers and policy analysts employ IAMs to calculate the marginalized monetary cost of climate damages resulting from an incremental emission of a greenhouse gas. Used within the context of regulating anthropogenic methane emissions, this metric is called the social cost of methane (SC-CH$_4$). Because several key IAMs used for social cost estimation contain a simplified model structure that prevents the endogenous modeling of non-CO$_2$ greenhouse gases, very few estimates of the SC-CH$_4$ exist. For this reason, IAMs should be updated to better represent methane cycle dynamics that are consistent with comprehensive Earth System Models. We include feedbacks of climate change on the methane cycle to estimate the SC-CH$_4$. Our expected value for the SC-CH$_4$ is \$1163/t-CH$_4$ under a constant 3.0% discount rate. This represents a 44% increase relative to a mean estimate without feedbacks on the methane cycle.


Stability of a Starling resistor type collapsible tube circuit is studied on the basis of one-dimensional distributed parameter model ignoring the effect of flow separation at the collapsed part of the tube. The governing equations are spatially discretized into 201 ordinary differential equations with respect to time. The stability of the circuit is examined by the characteristic equation of linearized governing equations. Transition of the stability with the flow rate is indicated as loci of the eigenvalues. The spatially discretized nonlinear equations are numerically solved by Runge-Kutta scheme and the theoretical amplitudes and frequencies of self-excited oscillations qualitativeIy agree well with experimental results.


The Sun continually ejects matter into space, blowing a huge bubble of supersonic plasma: the solar wind, which engulfs the Earth and the other planets, shaping their environments. Basics of the Solar Wind presents a modern introduction to the subject, starting with basic principles and including the latest advances from space exploration and theory. The book discusses the structure of the solar interior and atmosphere, the production of the solar wind, and its perturbations. It addresses the basic physics of the objects of the Solar System, from dust to comets and planets, and their interaction with the solar wind. The final sections explore the subject from an astrophysical point of view, including the interaction with the interstellar medium, cosmic rays and winds from other stars. The book contains a historical survey and a short introduction to plasma physics. This volume is the first to present a comprehensive basic coverage of this subject. The topics are discussed at various levels of difficulty, by including qualitative as well as quantitative treatments and emphasising physical processes rather than mathematics or observation. This book will appeal to students and researchers in physics, astronomy, space physics and engineering, geophysics and atmospheric sciences.


and prote-inuria. Then, we suspected the complication of nephrosis syndrome. Furthermore, enhanced computed tomography showed massive pleural effusion and the intrathoracic exchange of multi-chambers. Subsequently, he was diagnosed with acute empyema. At the same time, inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis was detected. After the immediate inser-tion of an IVC filter, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for acute empyema was performed. Concurrently with empyema treatment, further examination for renal disease was performed. According to the laboratory data, urinary protein was 32.5 g per day and anti-Sm antibody was positive. Furthermore, ten days after surgery, butterfly erythema appeared on his face. He was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on all symptoms and laboratory data. Steroid therapy was started by the Department of Nephrology. After the improvement of all symptoms associated with SLE, he was discharged in the 4th postoperative month. We encountered a case of SLE diagnosed by the onset of acute empyema.


A transfer-enhanced semiconductor substrate has been demonstrated, integrating a thin InP layer on a Si handle substrate with an imbedded porous silicon layer. A Si wafer was anodized to create a low-density porous surface layer. A thin layer of InP was transferred to the Si handle substrate through wafer bonding and hydrogen-induced exfoliation. High-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy characterization showed the structure to have high surface and crystalline quality for epitaxial deposition after undergoing chemical mechanical polishing. Layer transfer capability was demonstrated with a similar structure by mechanical fracture through the porous Si layer.


A 360 nm thick Co 2 MnAl thin film was electrochemically cycled with excellent capacity retention as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The as-deposited Co 2 MnAl film, which was amorphous, exhibited a large initial discharge capacity (920 mAh g ―1 at 0.02 mA cm ―2 ), which quickly deteriorated during cycling. The initial discharge capacity of the electrode progressively dropped when the film was annealed at 100―500°C; however, the capacity retention was markedly improved by the annealing. The optimum annealing temperature was 300°C at which 430 mAh g ―1 was maintained throughout 50 cycles. The structural analysis and magnetic properties suggest that the lithium ions induced the Co atoms to segregate during cycling, which led to the capacity degradation of the amorphous electrode. The thermal annealing of the film improved the cycling stability by segregating the Co and Mn atoms through crystallization before cycling.


This chapter outlines assessment technology that supports the development of Comprehensive Learner Record, or CLR. Here the authors present the theoretical landscape upon which current credentialing innovation builds, explore advancements through a case study of practice between University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) and the Greater Washington Partnership (GWP), and culminate with an overview of the assessment technology that ultimately facilitates recognition, validation, and portability of learning in the form of a comprehensive learner record.


The caries prophylactic effect of dentifrices with a low fluoride (F) content has been tested in a 2-year double-blind experiment on 1,150 schoolchildren aged 11–14 years who have had fortnightly F mouthrinses as a basic prophylaxis. Clinical registration of new DMFS and new smooth surface caries showed only insignificant differences for the groups treated with regular, weak or F-free dentifrices. Radiographic investigation showed a tendency towards fewer decayed surfaces in the groups treated with a monofluorophosphate (MFP) dentifrice with regular F content and CaCO3 as polishing agent, but no significant effect with the corresponding dentifrice with lower F content. In groups treated with a dentifrice with silicon dioxide as the polishing agent both the regular content of MFP and a weak concentration of NaF resulted in fewer radiographically diagnosed carious lesions in the groups of girls, who had a higher caries rate than the boys. These and other data are combined in the Discussion into a hypothetic model for the mode of action of MFP and NaF dentifrices, with a view to continued development towards optimal clinical results with minimal F absorption.


A particle with finite initial velocity in a disordered potential comes back and in average stops at the original location. This phenomenon dubbed 'quantum boomerang effect' (QBE) has been recently observed in an experiment simulating the quantum kicked-rotor model [Phys. Rev. X 12 , 011035 (2022)]. We provide analytical arguments that support QBE in a wide class of disordered systems. Sufficient conditions to observe the real-space QBE effect are (a) Anderson localization, (b) the reality of the spectrum for the case of non-Hermitian systems, (c) the ensemble of disorder realizations { H } be invariant under the application of R T , and (d) the initial state is an eigenvector of R T , where R is a reflection x → − x and T is the time-reversal operator. The QBE can be observed in momentum-space in systems with dynamical localization if conditions (c) and (d) are satisfied with respect to the operator T instead of RT . These conditions allow the observation of the QBE in time-reversal symmetry broken models, contrarily to what was expected from previous analyses of the effect, and in a large class of non-Hermitian models. We provide examples of QBE in lattice models with magnetic flux breaking time-reversal symmetry and in a model with electric field. Whereas the QBE straightforwardly applies to noninteracting many-body systems, we argue that a real-space (momentum-space) QBE is absent in weakly interacting bosonic systems due to the breaking of RT ( T ) symmetry.


This final report is a compilation of research efforts – funded by the US Department of Energy Wind and Water Power Technologies Office over a four-year period from FY11 through FY14. The goals of this research program were to develop and evaluate technical innovations with promise for maximizing revenues and reducing levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for offshore wind plants – more specifically the goals of the Structural Health and Prognostics Management (SHPM) program were to reduce O&M costs and increase energy capture through use of SHPM-based technologies. A technology roadmap was developed at the start of the project to guide the research efforts. This roadmap identified and outlined six major research thrust areas each having five stages of maturity. Research was conducted in each of these thrust areas, as documented throughout this report, although a major focus was on development of damage detection strategies for the most frequent blade damage conditions and damage mitigation and life-extension strategies via changes in turbine operations (smart loads management). The work summarized in this compilation report is the product of the work of many researchers. A summary of the major findings, status of the SHPM Technology Roadmap and recommendations for future work are also provided.


This thesis introduces the forecasting methods of domestic and foreign road traffic flow, analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of all sorts of traffic flow forecasting methods and the actual forecasting effects. For the complexity of the urban traffic, the precision of some current traffic flow forecasting methods is not high. With respect to these questions, this thesis applies the chaotic neural network to establish the chaotic neural network forecasting model of traffic flow of urban intersection exit. Compared with the forecasting results obtained by the traditional BP neural network and exponential smoothing method, it is showed that such model has highly good effect.


Abstract : In this paper a hybrid Remes-differential correction algorithm for computing best uniform rational approximants on a compact subset of the real line is developed. This algorithm differs from the classical multiple exchange Remes algorithm in two crucial aspects. First of all, the solving of a nonlinear system to find a best approximation on a given reference set in each iteration of the Remes algorithm is replaced with the differential correction algorithm to compute the desired best approximation on the reference set. Secondly, the exchange procedure itself has been modified to eliminate the possibility of cycling that can occur in the usual exchange procedure. This second modification is necessary to guarantee the convergence of this algorithm on a finite set without the usual normal and sufficiently dense assumptions that exist in other studies. (Author)


AIM
Guidelines for choice of replacement valve- mechanical versus bioprosthetic, are well established for patients aged <50 and >65 years. We studied the trends and implications of aortic valve replacement (AVR) with mechanical versus bioprosthetic valve in patients aged 50 to 65 years.

METHODS
STS and cost database of 17 centers for isolated AVR surgery were analyzed by dividing them into Bioprosthetic Valve (BV) or Mechanical Valve (MV) groups.

RESULTS
From 2002 to 2011, 3,690 patients had AVR, 18.6% with MV and 81.4% with BV. Use of BV for all ages increased from 71.5% in 2002 to 87% in 2011. There were 1127 (30.5%) patients in the age group 50-65 years. Use of BV in this group almost doubled, 39.6% in 2002 to 76.8% in 2011. Mean age of patients in BV group was higher (59.2±4.2 years vs. 56.7±4.3years, P=<0.0001). Preoperative renal failure, heart failure and COPD favored use of BV, whereas preoperative atrial fibrillation favored AVR with MV. Mortality (MV 2.2% vs. BV 2.36%) and other postoperative outcomes between the groups were similar. Cost of valve replacement increased for both groups (MV $26,191 in 2002 to $42,592 in 2011; BV $27,404 in 2002 to $44,257 in 2011).

CONCLUSIONS
Use of bioprostheses for AVR has increased; this change is more pronounced in patients aged 50-65 years. Specific preoperative risk factors influence the choice of valve for AVR. Postoperative outcomes between the two groups were similar. Long-term implications of this changing practice, in particular, reoperation for bioprosthetic valve degeneration should be examined.


National report — The American Society of Cosmetic Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery (ASCDAS) and the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS) will host a combined meeting Oct. 1-4, 2009, in Phoenix, the organizations announced in December.


The hybrid cellular automaton(HCA)algorithm is a method that combines the cellular automaton paradigm with finite element analysis.An improved approach of HCA which incorporates the stress and displacement constraints into the model was proposed.Penalty techniques were utilized to combine the target strain energy density which was adjusted during the search with the local control rules of CA.Numerical examples demonstrate that the method developed is effective in solving structural topology optimization problems with constraints.


In a recent work by A. Martini and A. Sikora, sharp Lp spectral multiplier theorems for the Grushin operators acting on Rd1x′×Rd2x′′ and defined by the formula


This paper presents the implementation of cybersecurity procedures in remote calibration for time and frequency dissemination to be used in position, navigation and timing services. The remote calibration method uses a P3 algorithm that combines P1 and P2 codes from satellite link and turn it free of ionosphere refraction to compare distant timescales. The proposed algorithm is also implemented in the calculation of the reference time scale UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) on the key comparison CCTF-KOOl.UTC. Results of satellite comparison between UTC(INXE) and UTC(OP) has been used to prove the suitability and reliability of the method. This work demonstrated that the communication exchange between client and provider needs to be secure in three dimensions: confidentiality, integrity and authenticity and the process management of the results should take care of these cybersecurity pillars.


Stenoninereis species are nereidids with a small body (ca. 35 chaetigers), dorsal cirri with conspicuous cirrophores and cirrostyles, bare pharynx, and lack of neuropodial ventral ligules throughout the body. Currently, there are two valid species, S.martini Wesenberg-Lund, 1958 from the Lesser Antilles and S.tecolutlensis de León-González & Solís-Weiss, 1997 from Eastern Mexico. Niconlackeyi Hartman, 1958 has been regarded as a junior synonym of S.martini. The examination of type and topotype specimens indicated that N.lackeyi is a distinct species and both species are redescribed, S.martini is restricted to the Caribbean islands, and N.lackeyi is reinstated and transferred to Stenoninereis. Further, Puerto Rican specimens differ from these known species and a new species, S.elisae is also described, featured mainly by large cirrophores and short cirrostyles in anterior and middle chaetigers. Further discussions about their morphology and phylogenetic affinities and a key to identify all known Stenoninereis species are also included.


In alfalfa 2–3 weeks old neither labelled ornithine nor labelled proline act as precursors of stachydrine. It has been shown, however, that the methyl group of methionine becomes incorporated into the alkaloid so that the biogenesis appears to occur at that time of growth. It is now shown that hygric acid (N-methylproline) is a precursor of stachydrine. The implications of the results obtained are discussed.


Migraine headaches are common in children and occur with increasing frequency through adolescence. The reported prevalence increases from 3% (age three to seven years) to 4%-11% (age seven to 11 years) to 8%-23% (age 11 to 15 and up). The mean age at onset is 7.2 years for boys and 10.9 years for girls.


This article explores whether the alternative risk-transfer technique in the form of self-insurance can add value to the manufacturers that have self-insured for workers' compensation (WC) losses. The authors focus on publicly-owned manufacturers with at least 1,000 employees in California over the period 1970–2015 to examine the value implications of self-insurance adoption. This study employs a treatment-effects model to simultaneously estimate the determinants of self-insurance and the effect of self-insurance on firm value. The authors find that the relationship between firm value and self-insurance is time dependent. Risk preference for self-insurance reflects in higher market valuation among manufacturers over the periods of 1970–1983 and 1986–1999. These results suggest that self-insurance has a positive impact on firm value in the 1970s through the 1990s except for the liability crisis years 1984–1985. However, the benefits of self-insurance fail to materialize for self-insured manufacturers in the 2000s.


Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated clonal plasma cells displaying significant molecular heterogeneity with 7 subgroups defined by gene expression profiling (GEP). Our previous work showed that MS and MF subgroups have been associated with inferior survival (Zhan et al, blood 2006). Furthermore, clinical studies have demonstrated that the addition of the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib (Bzb) to high dose melphalan based regimens provided a major advantage to patients in MS subgroup (Barlogie NJE 2006, Blood 2008; Pineda-Roman et al BJH 2008), while patients in the MF subgroups did not benefit from Bzb (Nair, Blood 2010). These findings led us to hypothesize that overexpression of MAF protein confers innate resistance to Bzb. In the present study, we assessed the ability of MAF to influence the innate resistance to Bzb and identify the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance of Bzb in high MAF-expressing patients.

To investigate association of the limited therapeutic effect of Bzb with molecular subgroup of myeloma, we established the IC50 of Bzb in 24 myeloma cell lines (MMCL) belonging to different GEP-based molecular subgroups. IC50 concentration were higher (>25nM) in 7 of 9 MAF and in all 5 MAFb MMCL, and >40 nM in 5 MAF and one MAFb MMCL, which expressed the highest levels of MAF protein, as determined by immunoblotting analysis. In contrast, Bzb IC50 levels were lower (7.5-20 nM) for the MMCL belonging to the other molecular subgroups. These results indicate that high MAF expression in myeloma cells may contribute to primary resistance to Bzb. Mechanistically, immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that exposure to Bzb resulted in increased MAF protein levels. These results suggested that Bzb prevents the degradation of MAF protein in myeloma cells.

To further confirm that Bzb-induced stabilization of MAF protein confers resistance to Bzb, we overexpressed MAF cDNA in myeloma cells lacking MAF expression, and silenced MAF expression in myeloma cells expressing high level of MAF mRNA and protein. MM cells were infected with Lentiviral vector containing MAF cDNA or with empty vector, and stable clones selected with puromycin, designated as MMmaf and MMEV, respectively. qPCR and immunoblotting analysis showed that expression of MAF mRNA and protein in MMmaf cells were significantly higher (1.8x105-fold) than in MMEV cells. The functionality of ectopic MAF protein was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis of downstream target genes; the mRNA level of E-cadherin was higher in MMmaf cells than those of MMEV (1.42-fold, p<0.01). MTT assay showed that the proliferation rate of MMmaf cells was 53% higher than that of MMEV cells (p <0.001). Similar results were observed in other two MM cell lines that transiently ectopic expressed MAF. Moreover, MMmaf showed higher IC50 of Bzb than that of MMEV , indicating that increase MAF protein in myeloma cells reduces sensitivity to Bzb.

We further generated loss of functional MAF by silencing MAF expression in MAF positive myeloma cells using shRNA specific to maf mRNA (shMAF) by lentiviral expressing system. shMAF infected myeloma cells had 75% lower levels of MAF mRNA and protein level compared with the cells infected with scrambled shRNA. Additionally, significantly decreased integrin E-cadherin (9.1-fold), cyclin D2 (4.99x105-fold), and CCR1 (4.9-fold) levels were observed in these cells, compared with the cells infected with control viral vector. Silencing MAF expression significantly decreased proliferation of myeloma cells (81.9% decrease, p=2.5E-6). Moreover, Bzb treatment of the cells infected with shMAF lead to 53.1%, inhibition (P=3.3E-8) of proliferation compared with control cells. Taken together, our results indicate that high expression of MAF protein confers myeloma primary resistance to Bzb, and Bzb induces stabilization of MAF protein further increases resistance to Bzb, providing the molecular rational for therapeutic strategy for high-MAF expressing myeloma patients.

Disclosures: van Rhee: Jansen & Jansen: Research Funding. Barlogie: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Internation Myeloma Foundation: Consultancy, Honoraria; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; National Cancer Institute: Research Funding; Johnson & Johnson: Research Funding; Centocor: Research Funding; Onyx: Research Funding; Icon: Research Funding; Myeloma Health, LLC: Patents & Royalties.


The aim of this study is a structured literature review of a computer assisted semen analyzers (CASA) and study the existing methods of finding certain characteristic and parameters of a semen, its density and the morphology of the spermatozoa. The analysis of spermatozoa is an important topic for fertility issues and for assisted reproduction. Spermatozoa analysis plays a vital role in the process of intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in infertile couples. Due to very high cost for CASA technology suggests its use only in laboratories that perform a high number of examinations. Pathologist and microbiologist need a manual cum standard computer assisted, cost effective, more accurate & complete semen analyzer with optimal result, since semen analysis is now a routine checkup for infertile couples. This system also helps for conducting the survey to study the effect of the lifestyle, certain addictions, geographical environment on the semen.


ABSTRACT This article undertakes a critical reassessment of the "black knight" role associated with the People's Republic of China in connection with recent processes of democratic decline in and beyond Asia. The time frame covered are the years 2013 to early 2020. In 2013, China officially launched its New Silk Road initiative, building cross-continental connectivity networks and trans-regional trade corridors. The internal stability of states along this New Silk Road is of crucial importance for the realization of Beijing's ambitious plan. How, then, does China view and interpret regime (trans)formations in its immediate neighbourhood? Is there any robust evidence for intentional agency (or counter-agency) of China in these processes? The article examines three case studies of "democratic regression" and "autocratic hardening" in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia) and compares the findings to China's special relationship with Vietnam – like China a socialist one-party state.


ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Sanhūrī Pashas intellectual and juridical activity spanned a period of fifty years during which he produced a number of works. In this chapter the author considers two aspects of Sanhūrī's life-work: the ideological and the practical. The first section outlines the ethical and political ideals that animated his vision of the future of Muslim nations in modern times. The second section comprises two parts: (a) Sanhūrī's legal pluralism and comparative jurisprudence, as illustrated by his codification of Islamic legal material as Articles in the Iraqi Civil Law, in combination with notions and principles from modern French law; (b) a life-altering episode in Sanhūrī's political involvement with the Egyptian state, to wit, his presidency of the highest state court, Majlis al-Dawla , during a critical moment in Egypt's modern history, the aftermath of the 1948 War and the Free Officer's Revolution of July 23, 1952. Keywords:ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Sanhūrī Pasha; French law; Iraqi Civil Law; jurisprudence; legal pluralism; Muslim


Comparative clinical and immunological analysis of treatment of 49 patients with fractures of the mandible, receiving traditional therapy and treatment with use of immumomodulator leukinferon is carried out in this work. The results of the study demonstrate, that use of immunocorrection with leukinferon gives high immunological effect in comparison with traditional patients treatment. Positive dynamics of immunological parameters changes at patients is closely correlates with current of a clinical state in posttraumatic period. Use of leukinferon in complex therapy at patients with fracture of the mandible with high risk of inflammatory complications development allows to improve a condition of patients in shorter period and to warn inflammatory complications development.


Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544(August 25, 1999)The main features of radiation by relativistic electrons arewell approximated in the Weizs¨acker-Williams method of vir-tual quanta. This method is best known for its application toradiation during elementary particle collisions, but is equallyuseful in describing "classical" radiation emitted during theinteraction of a single relativistic electron with an extendedsystem, such as synchrotron radiation, undulator radiation,transition radiation and Cerenkov radiation.ˇI. THE WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS¨APPROXIMATION


According to characteristics of nonlinear and strong coupling between rolling and luffing of 7500 Ton crane arm with vessel stability in lifting process, we built a mathematical model of movement stance of crane vessel lifting process and brought forward a neural network decoupling control strategy. The control method was applied to solve the coupling problem between rolling and luffing for the crane lifting of the vessel. The executive motors of crane vessel work stably under the control. The space position of heavy load can be controlled stably in lifting process because of good control stability of motor. The control is also well effect for vessel stability. The control aim is used for safety and reliability of crane vessel operation. Simulation results indicate that there is good stability of dynamic decoupling between rolling and luffing of crane vessel.


A 46-year-old woman with bipolar affective disorder of 4 year's duration was admitted for acute onset of agitation, delirium and confusion. She had been placed in 4-point restraints during transfer from another hospital. On admission, the patient was agitated and restless and was verbally abusive to the hospital staff. Her skin was warm and sweaty, clinically dehydrated. She was tachycardic with a heart rate ranging between 97 and 120/min. The rhythm was normal. She had mild bilateral pedal edema and was afebrile. She was oriented to place but not to time or person. She appeared to be experiencing visual and auditory hallucinations and had racing thoughts. Her speech was pressured but not dysarthric. She had a coarse tremor in her upper limbs and brisk tendon reflexes but no ataxia.

The patient had been prescribed a number of medications to treat recurrent auditory (hears her dead fathers voice) and visual hallucinations (seeing angels) as well as paranoid delusions. These included ziprasidone and risperidone. Her most recent medication was lithium 600 mg a day. According to her family, the patient's ability to perform self-care had worsened over the previous year and she no longer took pride in her care. There was no family history of any psychiatric or thyroid illness. Patient's thyroid function was normal 2 months prior, checked by her psychiatrist.

Her abnormal blood count (CBC) and liver panel admission results were: white blood …


Objective To investigate the methods,principles and techniques for the culture of bone mar- row stromal cells(BMSCs)of rats in vitro.Methods Many BMSCs of rats from the culture in vitro were gained through sample selection,fluid change and passage to investigate and introduce some methods,principles and techniques for the culture of BMSCs in vitro.Results Many BMSCs of rats were gained from the euhure in vitro.Conclusions Many BMSCs of rats could be quickly and exactly gained from culture in vitro in different surroundings by putting theory into practice and following specific methods,principles and techniques.


Nanowire metal−molecule−metal junctions containing dithoilated molecules of dodecane (C12), oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE), and oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) were prepared by replicating the pores of sub-40 nm diameter polycarbonate track etched membranes. Bottom Au−S or Pd−S contacts were made by potential-assisted molecule assembly onto the tips of the first segment of the electrochemically deposited nanowires. Top S−Ag or S−Pd contacts were formed by depositing Ag or Pd nanoparticles, which also served as a thin seed layer for electrodeposition of the second nanowire segment. Room-temperature current−voltage (I−V) measurements of individual nanowires show that the conductance of junctions formed with π-conjugated oligomers are several orders of magnitude larger than the saturated alkanes, with the OPV junctions having the highest conductance. The molecular wire junction conductance was also found to be dependent on the metal contacts with symmetric Pd−Pd junctions yielding the best metal−molecule ...


Disaster education is indispensable for people to survive disasters. We propose the ICT-based evacuation drill (ICTBED) that aims to provide realistic simulated evacuation experiences by presenting digital materials that express disaster situations. Previous ICTBEDs have found that participants tended to walk towards the evacuation sites although they should sprint due to time constraints. This finding indicates that the ICTBED cannot provide the participants with realistic simulated evacuation experiences. To enhance reality and promote speedy evacuation, we propose an AR-based evacuee visualisation (AREV) to visualise how past participants were evacuating during the ICTBED based on their evacuation logs. The AREV expresses evacuees walking or sprinting on roads by superimposing evacuee avatars on a real-time vision captured by a tablet's rear camera based on previous participants' evaluation logs recorded in the ICTBED. We establish an ICTBED model that intentionally leads to evacuation failure of the participants and then we prototype the AREV.


This paper presents some initial results on the development of a new experimental technique for accurate non-contact measurements of strain fields based on the recent advances in 3D scanning laser vibrometry, beginning with a review of the underlying theory of laser vibrometry. The technique has been applied to several plate specimens and the experiment results are presented, followed by a discussion of the advantages and limitations of this advanced technique. This technique has many exciting potential applications in modern engineering and technology.


Methylthioadenosine(MTA) is a naturally occurring purine nucleoside which has been shown to have numerous effects on cell metabolism and function. We studied the action of MTA on tracheal smooth muscle, using isolated guinea pig tracheal rings. The tracheal rings were suspended in a 10 ml organ bath, containing atropinized Krebs-Henseleit solution. When MTA was added to the medium, relaxation of isolated guinea pig tracheal rings occurred after a latent period and was dose-dependent over concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 μM. Pretreatment of the tracheal rings with 100 μM MTA inhibited the contraction produced by varying concentrations of histamine or leukotriene D4. The inhibition caused by 100 μM MTA was dependent on histamine or leukotriene D4 concentrations, ie 51% at 0.25 μg/ml histamine, 42.5% at 1.0 μg/ml histamine, 22% at 2.0 μg/ml histamine, and 81% at 0.5 μg LTD4, 50% at 1 μg LTD and 46.2% at 2 μg LTD4. The tracheal contractions induced by a standard concentration of histamine(1 μg/ml or leukotriene D4 (1 μg) were inhibited dose-dependently by pretreatment with MTA, ie 22% (histamine), 8.4%(leukotriene D4 at 10 μM, and 58%(histamine), 25%(leukotriene D4) at 100 μM. 500 μM of MTA blocked completely the contraction induced by histamine or leukotriene D4. It seems that MTA is an important modulator of tracheal smooth muscle cell function.


Human skin is a dielectric material that can be used as a triboelectric material for harvesting energy from body motions. The output power of such a human skin-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TE...


Water quality comprehensive assessment can support a guiding advice and an important reference for water environment management.The index weights' determination,as the emphasis and difficulty,is increasingly valued by exports.This article showed an optimization model based on a mathmatica! theory- the minimal Deviation square summation.Both excessive weighted method and entropy method were used in this optimization model,which gave a combination weighted matrix.Taking the example of MenLian section on MaZhong River,a tributary of LiaoHe River,the data of MenLian section from 2008 to 2012 was applied into this optimization model for water quality assessment.Data was monitored by Environment protection monitoring station of TieLing city.Seven sets of indexs,including dissolved oxygen,COD,BOD,ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus,petroleum and volatile phenol were chosen as assessment indexs.An index system formed from these seven indexs was applied into the optimization fuzzy mathematical method for MenLian section water quality assesssment.Based on the analysis of MenLian section water quality category,it can be found that:the water quality grade of year 2008 and year 2009 belonged tov class,year 2011 was the highest level,Iclass,and the year of 2010 belonged to Vclass,2012 belonged to Wclass.Principal componment analysis(PCA) and complex index model were used to verify this optimization model.The result showed that the optimization model based on the principle of minimal Deviation square summation has a high accuracy and reliability.It is feasible when applied into fuzzy mathematical method for water quality assessment.This model can also supply a reference for other weight determination methods to obtain weight matrix.


The local multiplier effects of a university are estimated using data for the University of Nottingham. Gross output and disposable income multipliers are calculated. The latter are adjusted to exclude the incomes of induced migrants, whose welfare is assumed unchanged.


ABSTRACT Three theories define the social processes involved in adolescent school experience. Individual offending is defined as a result of strain, insufficient bonding, labeling and tracking. It is not our intention to reconcile or integrate these three theories, rather we select some of their concepts in order to incorporate them into a middle range school social control theory of adolescent offending. This interactional and developmental theory is elaborated through regression analysis procedures using longitudinal data drawn from a normative sample of 825 adolescent boys and girls.


Thanks and acknowledgements 1. Mental stretching 1.1. Flash! 1.2. Reversed drilling 1.3. The broken telephone 1.4. Sentence swapping 1.5. Working-memory challenge 1.6. Waiters 1.7. Delayed TPR 1.8. What did you say again? 1.9. The longest sentence 1.10. Dialogue reconstruction 1.11. Learner-generated texts 1.12. Reordered story 1.13. Co-constructed storytelling 2. Making language memorable 2.1. memory strategies share 2.2. Word knowledge 2.3. Word patterns share 2.4. Associations 2.5. Real or imagined? 2.6. Well...this is my granddad 2.7. Pictorial links 2.8. A silly love story 2.9. Emotional chants 2.10. Celebrity rhyming poems 2.11. Body talk 2.12. Skeleton stories 2.13. Treasure hunt 2.14. Silly grammar 3. Retrieving 3.1. Mime race 3.2. Word cards 3.3. Vocabulary race 3.4. Jumbled chunk race 3.5. Guess our chunks 3.6. Hot seat 3.7. I reckon they'll know that 3.8. Gap-filling second time around 3.9. First-letter verb phrases 3.10. Guess the text 3.11. Languaging memories 1: the first time 3.12. Languaging memories 2: smellyvision 4. Repeating and reactivating 4.1. The tie shop joke 4.2. The three burglars magic trick 4.3. Anecdotes 4.4. Letters to the class 4.5. Choral chanting 4.6. The next word 4.7. I can't spell that! 4.8. Spontaneous translation 4.9. Retranslated text 4.10. Creating still images 4.11. Who said it? When? 4.12. That's not how I wrote it 4.13. Holiday snaps 4.14. Exaggerated accidents 4.15. Repeated role plays 4.16. Whose story is that? 4.14. The listeners 5. Memory techniques and mnemonics 5.1. Chants 5.2. Put it in my pocket 5.3. Where's the link 5.4. The story method 5.5. The keyword technique 5.6. Memory techniques survey 5.7. Mnemonics quiz 5.8. Memory techniques swap 5.9. Memory techniques activation 5.10. Acronyms for grammatical patterns 6. Learning by heart 6.1. Co-constructed conversations 6.2. Blocking a dialogue 6.3. Songs 6.4. Puns 6.5. News stories 6.6. Poems 6.7. Quotations 6.8. The sample answer recall game 7. Memory games 7.1. Kim's game 7.2. What's different? 7.3. Language chains 7.4. Remembering unusual sentences 7.5. Slap, clap, click, click 7.6. Pelmanism 7.7. Auditory Pelmanism 7.8. First-letter hints 7.9. The collocation game 7.10. The suffix game References and further reading Websites Index.


Building energy-saving is initially to reduce loss of energy in buildings in developed countries. Now commonly referred to "improving the energy efficiency of buildings", rational use of energy, improves energy efficiency in ensuring the conditions of building comfort. Building energy-saving specifically refers to that In the building planning, design, construction (reconstruction and expansion), the process of transformation and using, doing implementation of energy efficiency standards, using energy-saving technology, technique, equipment, materials and products, improving the performance of thermal insulation and heating, air conditioning refrigeration and heating system efficiency, strengthening the operation and management of energy systems, using renewable energy.


We measure the sphaleron rate with the physical parameters of the Standard Model. In particular, we plug into the calculations the recently found Higgs mass m_H = 125 GeV. The sphaleron rate tells us about the efficiency of baryon number violation through sphaleron transitions. These occur above the electroweak scale of 100 GeV and get exponentially suppressed at temperatures substantially below the electroweak crossover. The sphaleron rate enters computations of Baryogenesis via Leptogenesis, where it converts non-zero lepton number into non-zero baryon number. We simulate the effective electroweak theory on the lattice with multicanonical and real-time methods to calculate the sphaleron rate as a function of temperature through the electroweak crossover.


We consider a string algebra A. In case A is domestic, and G,G are non-isomorphic generic modules, then G neither generates nor cogenerates G. On the other hand, in case A is non-domestic, we are going to construct sequences G1, G2, . . . of pairwise non-isomorphic generic modules such that there are monomorphisms Gt → Gi+1 and epimorphisms Gi+1 → Gi, for all i. The proof of the existence of such sequences answers a question raised by Bautista. In particular, we see that any non-domestic string algebra has generic modules whose endomorphism rings have a non-zero radical. Actually, we will show that in the non-domestic case there always do exist generic modules with nilpotent endomorphisms of arbitrary large nilpotency index. Of course, in the domestic case the nilpotency index of a nilpotent endomorphism of a generic modules is bounded; in fact, it is bounded by the nilpotency index of the radical of A. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 16G60, 16G20. Secondary 16D10, 16D70.


In this thesis I investigate the radical reframing of maternal representation in the photographic series by Cape Town-based artist Svea Josephy (b. 1969), entitled Confinement 2005-ongoing. Using Julia Kristeva's theorisation of the maternal body's relation to abjection, as well as its imperative to the remodelling of the relationship between the corporeal and the cultural, I explore how Josephy's images explicitly engage with the Kristevan abject in order to disrupt cultural inscriptions of maternity and 'motherhood'. I contend that Confinement situates Josephy's experience of 'becoming-mother' against the dominant discourses of maternity and birth, and thereby uses the maternal subject as a means to interrogate broader issues of gender and identity.


Investors in the stock market have always been in search of novel and unique techniques so that they can successfully predict stock price movement and make a big profit. However, investors continue to look for improved and new techniques to beat the market instead of old and traditional ones. Therefore, researchers are continuously working to build novel techniques to supply the demand of investors. Different types of recurrent neural networks (RNN) are used in time series analyses, especially in stock price prediction. However, since not all stocks' prices follow the same trend, a single model cannot be used to predict the movement of all types of stock's price. Therefore, in this research we conducted a comparative analysis of three commonly used RNNs—simple RNN, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)—and analyzed their efficiency for stocks having different stock trends and various price ranges and for different time frequencies. We considered three companies' datasets from 30 June 2000 to 21 July 2020. The stocks follow different trends of price movements, with price ranges of $30, $50, and $290 during this period. We also analyzed the performance for one-day, three-day, and five-day time intervals. We compared the performance of RNN, LSTM, and GRU in terms of R2 value, MAE, MAPE, and RMSE metrics. The results show that simple RNN is outperformed by LSTM and GRU because RNN is susceptible to vanishing gradient problems, while the other two models are not. Moreover, GRU produces lesser errors comparing to LSTM. It is also evident from the results that as the time intervals get smaller, the models produce lower errors and higher reliability.


Remediation of unjustified interference with a dead body or body part has often been problematic for courts in Canada, England, Australia, and the U.S.A., probably due to the absence of some clearly crafted conceptual underpinning for such judicial intervention. This situation has exacerbated the vulnerability of the human body and parts, which have witnessed more intense invasion by numerous biotechnological applications. Three objectives of this paper put its thematic framework in bold relief: First, to suggest an analytical structure for examining recent medical research scandals, in which some medical researchers were alleged to have illegally harvested body parts and organs from deceased persons, as witnessed in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and the U.S.A. Second, to consider the appropriate remediational legal framework for the conversion or detention of biomedical inventions, like scientifically preserved cadavers for medical education or exhibition, frozen embryos, frozen human eggs and sperm, stored tissue samples, transplantable organs, and cultured human cell lines. Three, to suggest that the propertization of the human body and parts probably gives the fullest protection to the grave against its despoliation, and provides the desired deterrence against biotechnological invasion of the human body. To realize the above objectives, the paper started with a historicization of dead bodies jurisprudence, which showed that despite U.S.A.'s fictional and parochial quasi-property rule and Australia's fairly advanced property rule in dead bodies, many jurisdictions still follow the dominant and ecclesiastically influenced English no-property rule in dead bodies and parts. However, efforts were made to highlight recent judicial developments in England, Canada, and the U.S.A., which potentially promise to consign the general no-property rule in dead bodies and parts to its historical past. With little historical support of a property-rule in the human body, the paper sought a refuge in property theories. Examination of the reified concept of property, and the bundle of rights theory suggested that they might not be of any significant relevance in the rationalization of a proprietary interest in the human body and parts. This is hardly surprising since most property theories were cast in the mould of common law, which hardly had the opportunity to address itself to the human body and parts. Using biotechnology as a contemporary historical fact, it was suggested that current jurisprudence on cadavers and body parts has become anachronistic, and ought to respond to recent biomedical and economic realities. Consequently, the paper suggested four analogical ways that might recommend themselves to judicial creativity in finding a property interest in the human body and parts.


A pilot study was conducted among 84 Belgian couples following the procedures of a prospective European multicenter study to determine the use-effectiveness of a sympto-thermal method of natural family planning (FP) with indicators of the start and end of the fertile period. The couples were recruited by the Francophone Federation for Natural Family Planning Couple-Amour-Fecondite. The women on average were 32 years old and had 2 children. 61% had previously used a contraceptive method most commonly oral contraceptives. The length of the previous 12 cycles and the first sign of mucus indicated the onset of the fertile period while the 3rd day of elevated temperature and the 4th evening after either the peak mucus day or the peak cervix day indicated the end. The 84 women provided information on 1750 cycles an average of 21 cycles/woman. No method failure was observed. Two unplanned pregnancies were attributed to incorrect use; 1 case involved unplanned intercourse during the fertile phase and the other involved a cycle disturbed by side effects of medication for bronchitis and otitis. The Pearl index was 1.37 for the study and 1.84 for the 1305 cycles in which natural FP alone was used. Excluding the cycles of 8 participants providing no data on other method use there was no use of other contraceptive method in 85% of cycles. Complete abstinence was observed during the fertile phase of 1151 cycles (75%).


C2H5OOH reacts with catalse in a basically irreversible reaction in the course of which the species called compound (I) is formed and decomposed. The formation of compound (I) is preceded by the formation of a precursor complex which is able to react with a further molecule of C2H5OOH to yield an inactive biperoxy complex. The biperoxy complex causes a diminution of the extent of formation of compound (I) at high [C2H5OOH]. As a consequence, compound (I) can never be formed quantitatively. Some of its physical constants can, nevertheless, be evaluated. Compound (I) with C2H5OOH appears to retain C2H5OH in its structure.


Objective To explore the difference of renal toxicity lesion in liver transplant patient with tacrolimus(FK506) and cyclosporine A(CsA) treatment by urine micro-protein datermination.Methods The levels of urine β2-microglobulin(β2-MG),α1-microglobulin(α1-MG),albumin(Alb),transferrin(TF),immunoglobulin G(IgG) in 138 liver transplant patients treated with FK506 and CsA and 30 healthy controls were determined.The blood levels of FK506 and CsA in patient group were determined by enzyme magnified immunoassay technique(EMIT).The results of urine micro-protein in group FK506 and group CsA were analyzed,and the characteristics of renal toxicity lesions between two groups were compared.Results The levels of urine micro-protein in patient with liver transplant with FK506 and CsA treatment were significantly higher than the controls(P0.05),except for the β2-MG in CsA treatment group.The levels of urine micro-protein in FK506 treatment group was significantly higher than those in CsA treatment group(P0.05).The abnormal rate of compounded proteinuia was the highest in recipients whatever in FK506 or CsA treatment group(P0.025),and the abnormal rate of renal tubule proteinuria was more than renal glomerulus proteinuria(P0.025).The level of urine micro-protein was significantly higher in FK506 treatment group and CsA treatment group during 0~1 year and 1~3 years after transplantation(P0.05).Renal tubule and glomerulus proteinuria,renal tubule proteinuria and renal glomerulus proteinuria had no significant difference in FK506 treatment group and CsA treatment group(P0.05).The total abnormal rate in FK506 treatment group was significantly higher than that in CsA treatment group(P0.05). Conclusions Calcinearin inhibitor(CNI) caused obvious renal toxicity lesions in patient with liver transplant,mainly the renal tubule lesion and renal compounded lesions.there was higher renal toxicity in FK506 treatment group than CsA treatment group.The urine micro-protein was sensitive in evaluating renal toxicity lesions of CNI treatment,and could be an early and objective index in clinical observation.


The present invention provides a method and apparatus for message transmission protocol based DUA, the core of which method: setting different signaling protocols respectively corresponding to the system message protocol identification information, the transmitting end of the message to be transmitted and identification information corresponding to the transmission protocol to the receiving end, the receiving protocol identification information which the received message to determine the corresponding signaling system protocol according to which the receiving end. The present invention enables different signaling protocols to transfer messages with a network device via the interface, to avoid the phenomenon of different protocols message must be transmitted through the different interfaces; in order to achieve resource saving network interface devices, reducing system cost network the goal of.


Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted intense research attention because of their low cost and high efficiency in converting solar energy into electricity.[1,2] Typically, a DSSC constitutes a dye-loaded mesoporous TiO2 photoelectrode, an electrolyte containing iodide/tri-iodide (I/I3) redox couples, and a catalytic counter electrode which reduces I3 ions.[3,4] Since both the photo and counter electrodes are exposed to the electrolyte, a high DSSC performance is greatly dependent on a fast reduction reaction at the counter electrode to suppress the possible reduction reaction by a charge recombination process at the photoelectrode.[5,6] To achieve such selectivity, noble platinum (Pt) is often used as a catalyst on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass to enhance the reduction rate at the counter electrode.[7] However, Pt is expensive and non-sustainable for long-term applications. Carbon-based materials such as polymers, carbon black, and carbon nanotubes have also been reported to replace Pt catalysts.[8,9] However, these carbon materials have much weaker catalytic activities than Pt and thus require large carbon loadings (loading ∼300 to >1000 μg cm−2) to compensate for the lowered electrocatalytic activity, resulting in poor device energy density.[9–11] Therefore, a low cost and robust alternative counter electrode with high electrocatalytic activity towards I3 reduction is in high demand. Transition metal based materials have been demonstrated to possess outstanding catalytic performance in redox reactions because of their multiple oxidation states.[12,13] However, very few of such materials have been studied and employed as a DSSC counter electrode.[14,15] In this study, nickel oxide (NiO) is selected as a potential electrode material because of its good charge capacity,[16] high chemical stability,[17,18] and a valence band energy (∼–4.96 eV) comparable to the redox potential of I/I3 for favorable charge transfer between the metal oxide


See related article, p 3039.

World Stroke Day is an opportunity to proclaim a compelling universal message about stroke. Previous proclamations have emphasized challenges and opportunities to treat, rehabilitate, and prevent stroke (2006), the importance of small strokes (2008), and a prioritized world stroke agenda (2010).1,2 On the occasion of World Stroke Day 2015, an esteemed group of international stroke experts focus our attention on joining forces to prevent stroke and potentially preventable dementias.3 Key tenets of the 2015 proclamation include the following: (1) stroke and some dementias may be prevented; (2) shared risks (eg, tobacco use, physical inactivity, and poor diet) account for leading world health problems including major dementias of later life; (3) prevention has been neglected or not optimally applied; (4) poststroke dementia should be an integral part of stroke care; (5) major dementias commonly have a vascular component and detection and management of vascular risks should be encouraged; (6) organized stroke and dementia care and rehabilitation can improve outcomes; and (7) the need to better support and inform patients with stroke and caregivers, and a call to engage the public to increase knowledge that stroke and …