In order to realize the field weakening process regulating smoothly and continuously,to prevent the sudden changing of the armature current,to improve traction motor′s commutation,and to reduce the influence about the current surge to traction motor′s in the field weakening process,the simulation research about the step-less field weakening method of the AC-DC drive locomotive were handed over.The basic principle and the automatic control system of the step-less field weakening method by cutting wave to regulate current(CWRC) were mainly introduced,and the simulation analysis of the traction motor rotational speed characteristics were carried on.The analysis results indicate that the step-less field weakening method by CWRC can greatly reduce the armature current fluctuation,and has the widespread compatibility,the control is simpler.


A two-dimensional (2D) and a novel ``reduced four-dimensional (4D)'' exchange NMR experiment are applied to investigate slow dynamics in poly(vinyl acetate) 20 K above its ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{g}}$. The 2D $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ NMR spectra indicate a diffusive process with strongly nonexponential loss of correlation. In the ``reduced 4D'' experiment, the underlying distribution of correlation times is found to be heterogeneous on the time scale of the average correlation time, becoming homogeneous, however, at later times due to fluctuations which are 2 orders of magnitude slower.


The objective of the program of research and development OMEGA Thau (Tool for Environmental Management and Management Advice on the Thau lagoon) is to design, develop and validate a system of risk management of microbiological contamination of shellfish farming areas and of bathing in the lagoon of Thau. This project is supported by the Syndicat Mixte du Bassin de Thau (SMBT), and includes technical partners on the lagoon and catchment (Ifremer, Egis Water BRLi, BTWC, CCNBT, AERM & C). The lagoon receives input from a watershed superficial 340 km2, covering 16 municipalities, for a total permanent population of 115 000 inhabitants (including the city of Sete), which increases to 240 000 inhabitants in summer. The sources of microbiological pollution of the lagoon are modelled discharges from sewage treatment plants, discharges from sewage collective leaching of urban and rural, as well as stocks, mainly consisting of river discharges station d 'sewage during periods of dry weather. Other sources of microbiological contamination identified (industrial waste and sewerage systems) were evaluated on the basis of bibliographic data. Modelling, a calibration on the data acquired in measurement campaigns, helped to prioritise the sources of pollution in the watershed. The limitations of this model are highlighted and an uncertainty analysis for assessing the sensitivity of the results obtained.


In the present paper, a series of complex of the type [MLX2] where M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), L = 6-methyl-2-phenyl-4H-chromen 4-thisemicarbazone (MPCT) have been synthesized. Their structure were confirmed by means of IR, electronic spectra, elemental analysis and molar conductance, coupled with magnetic susceptibility measurements. All the compounds were assayed for antibacterial activities against one gram positive bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis and one gram negative bacterial strain Eschericpia coli, using disc diffusion technique. It was observed on comparison with reference to antibiotic and fungicides. The complexes were found to be more effective than ligands. Key word: MPCT/ Cobalt(II)/ Nickel(II)/ Copper(II)/ Complexes. Schiff base coordination compounds, the present work was undertaken to study the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions with bioactive ligands. In the present paper, we report a series of new Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of Schiff base 6-methyl2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-thiosemicarbazone. The complexes have general molecular formula [MLX2]; where M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II); L = 6-methyl-2phenyl-4H-chromen-4-thiosemicarbazone (MPCT) and X = Cl-, Br-, Iand NO3 -. 272 RAI et al., Orient. J. Chem., Vol. 29(1), 271-276 (2013)


Introduction:
 Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a well-established risk for ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain if percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the setting of LVT further augments the risk of stroke. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the risk of stroke among patients with LVT undergoing PCI.

 Methods:
 This retrospective observational cohort study included the patients admitted with LVT to Heart Hospital in Qatar between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2020. The study population was divided into two groups: (1) patients with LVT who underwent PCI; (2) patients with LVT who did not undergo PCI. The primary outcome evaluated was stroke during the index admission, and the secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, all-cause mortality, and stroke at 12 months post discharge. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk of stroke associated with PCI among patients with LVT. A p<0.05 indicated statistical significance.

 Results:
 Of the 210 patients included, 119 underwent PCI, while 91 patients did not undergo PCI. Most of the patients were Asian (67%), male (96%) with a mean age of 56 yearsIschemic cardiomyopathy was the main etiology of LVT in both groups (96% in the PCI group and 80% in non-PCI group). Around 70% of the patients in the PCI group underwent intervention to the left anterior descending artery. During the index admission, stroke among patients with LVT did not differ between the PCI and non-PCI groups (5% versus 3.3%; odds ratio (OR) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-6.4, p=0.539; adjusted OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.09-10.6, p=0.968. Similarly, in-hospital mortality, all-cause mortality, and stroke at 12 months did not differ between the study groups.

 Conclusion:
 Performing PCI among patients with LVT was not associated with increased risk of stroke during admission or at 12 months in comparison to patients who did not undergo PCI, which may reassure cardiologists to safely perform PCI among patients with LVT and defer delaying the procedure among patients with acute coronary syndrome due to presumed risk of stroke.


Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established, effective method of treating chronic pain. High frequency stimulation (HFS) is an alternative SCS waveform that has been shown to alleviate pain but also necessitates more frequent recharging. The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate efficacy of alternating conventional stimulation and HFS (termed "shuffle" stimulation) in improving SCS outcomes.


Electrolyte drink becomes very popular nowadays that drinking aid in rehydration which mostly contain water, sugar, and electrolytes (Na, K, Mg, Ca ions). In this work, several electrolyte drinks including M sport, M-plus, Sponsor, Sponsor citrus, Gatorade were analyzed by electronic tongue comparing to mineral and tap water. Non-specified electrode array used in electronic tongue was fabricated by mixing carbon nanotube with copper oxide or several types of metal-phthalocyanine (MPc) including MnPc, FePc, CoPc and ZnPc. The electronic tongue system was developed by using automatic electrochemical measurement setup with rotating eight beaker tray together with electrode holder slider in up and down position. This system was controlled by Arduino with developed python protocol. The cyclic voltammetry measurement indicated an ion current flow between electrodes with peaks in some cases. These cyclic graphs were converted to the specific line graphs for further analysis. Principle component analysis was used to classify the signal into several distingue groups. It was found that with the first two principal components, the mineral water and tap water can be totally separate from the other electrolyte drinks with total variation of about 77%.


Based on the prospectus and annual report data,the listed companies on growth enterprise market(GEM) that went public before the end of 2011 are studied considering their background of venture capital(VC)—state-owned and non-state owned.The effect of the background of VC on the operating performance of the listed companies is discussed.The results of comparative analysis and regression prove that the background of VC does not have significant influence on the performance of the companies directly.Indirectly,the performance of state-owned companies is improved as they can get more IPO financing amounts.


We examine the impact of financial regulation and innovation on bubbles and crashes due to limited arbitrage by modeling timing games among strategic arbitrageurs whose rationality is not commonly known. An unproductive company raises funds by issuing shares, and for purchasing shares, arbitrageurs borrow money from positive feedback traders. The key concept is awareness heterogeneity: positive feedback traders are unaware of euphoria, but arbitrageurs are aware of it. We show the impact of high leverage ratio depends on whether naked CDS is available, and the impact of naked CDS depends on growth balance between positive feedback traders'capital and loan.


The current living conditions and related behavioural habits in the Western World have extensively rendered ineffective the basic human biological principles that were formerly successful. We are now unstoppably moving from an overweight society to an adipose society. The main causes of the dramatic changes have less to do with changes in our eating habits than with the presence or lack of activity. There is a large reduction in our necessity to exercise mobility in fulfilling our daily needs.


Up to now,none of the views concerning the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival has been convincing.Aninvestigation reveals that this festival is in fact relevant to the day marking the first day of a solar term instead of being established by people.The name of the Dragon Boat Festival originates in the Zheng Yang of the summer, which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and which originally coincides with the Summer Solstice.Gradually,the fifth day of the fifth lunar month comes to be the Dragon Boat Festival, and when people with high social positions such as Wu Zi-xu,Qu Yuan and Jie Zi-tui are connected with day,the Dragon Boat Festival evolves from a commemoration day of the first day of a solar term into a festival of social singificance andinfluence.


The analysis of the positive factors affecting the attractiveness and relevance of the University among the school graduates, and ensuring stability of the N. V. Vereshchagin VSDFA position in the rating among agricultural universities of the Russian Federation is given in the article. Despite the adaptation and flexible policy of the university according to constantly changing requirements of the educational services consumers, the factors are identified, both at micro, and at macro level which are negatively reflected in quantitative and qualitative reception results to the Academy of the Vologda school graduates.


The aim of the study was to investigate the growth responses of African yam bean ( Sphenostylis sternocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms (AYB) to cadmium pollution. Top garden soil (0 – 10 cm) was obtained as pooled and polluted with cadmium (as CdCl 2 ) at the rate of 12 mg kg -1 , which is equivalent to 3 times the ecotoxicological screening value of Cd. The polluted soils were made ready for use 3 days later. Nine selected AYB accessions (TSs-87, TSs-89, TSs-90, TSs-91, TSs-92, TSs-93, TSs-94, TSs-95, and TSs-96) were pre-soaked for 30 minutes and then sown in the polluted and unpolluted soils. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA, and means were separated at 95 % confidence interval. Results showed that incidence of cadmium pollution significantly delayed seedling emergence in all tested AYB accessions by at least one day (p < 0.05). Despite exposure to Cd, TSs-96 attained 50 % emergence faster than other accessions. Although there were general reductions in yield due to exposure to Cd, TSs-92 showed the least percentage yield reduction (50 %), compared to 74 % yield reduction in TSs-93, thereby suggesting a comparatively better yield capacity compared to the other test accessions. Overall, decrease in total chlorophyll content seems to be the major reason of injury in Cd-exposed plants.


In the global economy, the cluster is considered one of the most important models for cooperation of the business environment, which generates a strong impact on the competitiveness of enterprises, accelerates the process of upgrading industry structure, stimulates the development of innovative process and increases the attractiveness of investment in the regions. Clusters are tools to increase companies' performances, with effects on regional development and competitiveness of countries and it is therefore important to consider their potential in various fields. The public-private partnership through cluster responds to the challenge of exploiting economic potential existing in the region, as elements of the territorial plan. Competitiveness is ensured by a common use of the existing potential of cluster members through the exchange of knowledge and technology transfer, as well as through actions to improve innovation of enterprises activity components. Collaboration and the cooperation between companies play a decisive role in the creation of competitive advantages. Under the terms of the new economic realities, the research paper aims to identify a development model of South-West Oltenia region which to determine the increase in value of economic processes in the region, through its dynamic economic characteristics, economic and spatial layout functionality of the activities.


In this study, we have presented an approach to show how location detection can be possible by using social media posts of Internet users. To this end, we have developed a software program to show that locations of Twitter users can be detected just by analyzing the contents of their tweets, even if they hide the location data coming from the background of the tweet. We have collected text-based data from Twitter which are posted by users in İstanbul, Ankara, and İzmir, the largest cities of Turkey according to population. After presenting the preprocessed data in vector space model, we have trained our system using the data by means of Naive Bayes Classifier. After the testing process, experimental results have shown that locations of Twitter users can be detected just by analyzing the contents of their publicly available tweets in the absence of location data with 54.57% accuracy rate for the mentioned three cities of Turkey.


In order to reduce dielectric constant of polyimide, preparation of porous films assembled by polyimide nanoparticles was investigated. We utilized the electrophoretic deposition of polyimide nanoparticles to prepare porous low dielectric constant (low-k) films possessing voids between particles. The films thickness was controlled in the range of 500 nm ∼ 5 μm by changing the dispersion concentration and applied voltage. Porous morphologies were confirmed by SEM observation. As a result, dielectric constant of the film decreased to 2.32, 14% lower than that of the bulk polyimide film, due to the introduction of air voids into the matrix. This is the first report showing a promising approach with high processability for porous low-k polyimide films.


economic growth in developed countries since the mid-1970s. The only way to keep the engine of LDC growth beating at a satisfactory rate, so the argument goes, is to turn to an alternative source of fuel. This, Lewis argues, lies in trade among the developing countries, which he asserts can 'take up the slack left by MDCs (more developed countries) as MDCs slow down' (1980, p. 560). Pessimism about demand for LDC exports in developed countries' markets is a recurrent theme in the development literature. Also familiar is the approach taken by Lewis to dismiss past successes of LDCs in world trade by declaring the alleged engine of past growth to be no longer operating satisfactorily. The intellectual foundations of the import-substitution strategy laid in the 1950s by Prebisch, Myrdal and, most importantly, Nurkse rested on similar grounds. Arguing that the demand for 'periphery' countries' exports in the 20th century is far weaker than it was in the 19th century, trade was dismissed as an engine of growth, a function Nurkse alleged it had served in the 19th century. The solution prescribed in the 1950s was to look inward, in effect, to scrap the trade engine altogether. Lewis' remedy, coming two decades later when most importsubstitution possibilities in many LDCs have been all but exhausted, retains the trade engine but seeks an alternative source of fuel to drive it. The classic critique by Irving Kravis (1970) of Nurkse's thesis of trade as a faltering engine of growth showed that ' Export expansion did not serve in the nineteenth century to differentiate successful from unsuccessful countries' (p. 850). This followed from two findings: first, that successful 19th century countries showed few signs of export dominated growth; second, that unsuccessful periphery countries enjoyed export expansion in the second half of the 19th century of the same order of magnitude as the temperate regions of recent settlement. This led Kravis to conclude that ' A more warranted metaphor


We investigate the degree to which the inclusion of baryonic physics can overcome two long-standing problems of the standard cosmological model on galaxy scales: (1) the problem of satellite planes around Local Group galaxies, and (2) the "too big to fail" problem. By comparing dissipational and dissipationless simulations, we find no indication that the addition of baryonic physics results in more flattened satellite distributions around Milky-Way-like systems. Recent claims to the contrary are shown to derive in part from a non-standard metric for the degree of flattening, which ignores the satellites' radial positions. If the full 3D positions of the satellite galaxies are considered, none of the simulations we analyze reproduce the observed flattening nor the observed degree of kinematic coherence of the Milky Way satellite system. Our results are consistent with the expectation that baryonic physics should have little or no influence on the structure of satellite systems on scales of hundreds of kiloparsecs. Claims that the "too big to fail" problem can be resolved by the addition of baryonic physics are also shown to be problematic.


Phase relations in the system Mn-Rh-O are established at 1273 K by equilibrating different compositions either in evacuated quartz ampules or in pure oxygen at a pressure of 1.01 x 105 Pa. The quenched samples are examined by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The alloys and intermetaUics in the binary Mn-Rh system are found to be in equilibrium with MnO. There is only one ternary compound, MnRh204, with normal spinel structure in the system. The compound Mn304 has a tetragonal structure at 1273 K. A solid solution is formed between MnRh204 and Mn304. The solid solution has the cubic structure over a large range of composition and coexists with metallic rhodium. The partial pressure of oxygen corresponding to this two-phase equilibrium is measured as a function of the composition of the spinel solid solution and temperature. A new solid-state cell, with three separate electrode compartments, is designed to measure accurately the chemical potential of oxygen in the two-phase mixture, Rh + Mna-2xRh2~O4, which has 1 degree of freedom at constant temperature. From the electromotive force (emf), thermodynamic mixing properties of the Mn304-MnRh204 solid solution and Gibbs energy of formation of MnRh~O4 are deduced. The activities exhibit negative deviations from Raoult's law for most of the composition range, except near Mn304, where a two-phase region exists. In the cubic phase, the entropy of mixing of the two Rh 3§ and Mn 3+ ions on the octahedral site of the spinel is ideal, and the enthalpy of mixing is positive and symmetric with respect to composition. For the formation of the spinel (sp) from component oxides with rock salt (rs) and orthorhombic (orth) structures according to the reaction, MnO (rs) + Rh203 (orth) ~ MnRh204 (sp),


A computer-balanced regional cross section allows several new interpretations for the structural development of the Wilburton gas field. The gas-productive deep Arbuckle structure is interpreted to be in the hanging wall of a high-angle, south-dipping reverse fault. This fault may be a reactivated normal fault based on Pennsylvanian lower Atokan thickness changes and by analogy to comparable extensional faults to the north. Overlying the Arbuckle fault block is an imbricated thrust sheet containing Pennsylvanian Spiro and Cromwell sandstone reservoirs where gas production has been established from both the hanging wall and footwall fault blocks. The main thrust originates from a detachment zone within Mississippian shales to the south and ramps over the deeper Arbuckle fault block along the southern margin of the field. Minimum horizontal displacement of the hanging wall Spiro cutoff is 2.3 mi (3.7 km). This estimate is significantly smaller than that shown by previously published sections through the area, yet is still too large to be adequately accommodated by blind thrusting north of Wilburton field. Well and surface data indicate that much of the displacement instead may have been accommodated by north-dipping backthrusts. Although poorly constrained, at least some fault movement on the Arbuckle reverse fault appearsmore » to postdate the overlying thrust-faulted structures.« less


The article by Giovannucci et al. in this issue of the Journal 1 promises an important advance in cancer prevention. An analysis of the incidence of colorectal cancer among women participating in the Nurses' Health Study according to whether they did or did not use aspirin on a regular basis showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of colorectal cancer among women who took four to six aspirin tablets per week for more than 10 years. Known risk factors for colorectal cancer, such as diet, did not influence the results. Moreover, the reduction among women ingesting aspirin was not due . . .


Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides(AMP) were extracted with a compound enzyme. After removal of protein and pigment by sevag method and hydrogen peroxide respectively,the polysaccharides were further purified by cellulose column chromatography DEAE.The pure product was named as AMP.AMP was proved to be homogeneous polysaccharides by using Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and high perforinance gel penetration chromatography(HPGPC).Infrared spectrogram showed that AMP had the characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharides.The molecular weight of AMP was 4 360 Da determined by gel penetration chromatography(GPC).


Line edge roughness (LER) is a critical variability source in scaled FinFETs. LER produces line width roughness (LWR) that causes threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) variability. Various lithography techniques demonstrate characteristic LER-LWR relationship. For translating LER/LWR to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> distribution, an analytical model for uncorrelated fin edges (correlation coefficient, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho ={0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) has been presented in the literature. However, a range of correlation coefficients (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${0}\le \rho \le {0.85}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) between two fin edges is experimentally observed for various lithography techniques. In this paper, we present an analytical model to predict <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> dependent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> distribution for partially correlated fin edges in FinFETs. First, an analytical model of mean (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and standard deviation (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> dependent minimum, maximum, and average fin width is presented. This is used to construct an equivalent simplified trapezoidal fin distribution. Second, percolation theory-based model is used to compute <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> distribution from the fin distribution. The model is validated against well-calibrated TCAD simulations for a wide range of geometrical (channel length <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and nominal fin width <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}_{\text {fin}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and LER variability (correlation length <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and correlation coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) parameters to show excellent match. The model is 1000 times faster compared with TCAD simulations.


We conducted a comparative clinical study of thumbtack needle acupuncture versus sham acupuncture applied to shoulder stiffness to investigate the effectiveness of a thumbtack needle. The result proved positive. Meanwhile, we could not obtain sufficient effects with cases attributed to organ disorders. Therefore, we examined the clinical effects of a thumbtack needle with a case accompanied by a disorder such as cervical spine deformity. We stimulated threeacupuncture points, which will be the corners of a triangle around the tender point and nodule after acupuncture and moxibustion previously practiced. The symptoms already relieved by the therapies were further reduced (p < 0.05). We also examined the needle's clinical effects according to the differences of angle velocity based on the total amount of isokinetic movements. As a result, the total amount of them with thumbtack needles was lower than that with sham needles at 240 degrees. This trial suggests that appropriately specified dose of stimulation could achieve intended clinical effects.


The connection between monstrosity, space, and power in Othello is explored through the notion of 'geographies of monstrosity'. I argue that the play's spatial collocation of monsters and a-normativity echoes the Renaissance transition towards a more introjected perception of monstrosity, which does not occur when Othello is in a 'central' place (Venice), but when he moves to a frontier point (Cyprus) and refashions himself as the monstrous protagonist of tales to be circulated in Venice. As suggested, this emergence of an inner geography of monstrosity is strictly linked to the subversion of power politics.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of integrated use of electroacupuncture and warm needling therapy in treating knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Method Sixty patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group,30 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by electroacupuncture plus warm needling therapy;the control group was by conventional acupuncture.They were evaluated by using Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Lysholm Knee Scale to determine levels of pain and function of knees,and therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Result The total effective rate was 93.3%in the treatment group versus 73.3%in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).The two groups both had marked changes in comparing VAS score and Lysholm score after treatments(P0.01).Compared with the control group,the treatment group was statistically different in VAS score and Lysholm score after treatment(P0.01).Conclusion Integrated use of electroacupuncture and warm needling therapy is effective in treating KOA.


SUMMARY This paper presents data on the knowledge and beliefs about reading and number seen in a sample of children followed through their last year of nursery school. The data showed that children of this age have beliefs and goals concerning reading and number which are very different to those of adults but that their emergent literacy interacts with their emergent numeracy in important ways. The children had very dissimilar frameworks of belief for number and reading respectively and prior to school, changes occurred in their strategic use of numerals and of counting. It is argued that the preschool has an important role to play in making children aware of the adult meanings of reading and number without imposing these meanings in overly directed activity.


While the existence of scheduler side-channels has been demonstrated recently for fixed-priority real-time systems (RTS), there have been no similar explorations for dynamic-priority systems. The dynamic nature of such scheduling algorithms, e.g., EDF, poses a significant challenge in this regard. In this paper we demonstrate that side-channels exist in dynamic priority real-time systems. Using this side-channel, our proposed DyPS algorithm is able to effectively infer, with high precision, critical task information from the vantage point of an unprivileged (user space) task. Apart from demonstrating the effectiveness of DyPS, we also explore the various factors that impact such attack algorithms using a large number of synthetic task sets. We also compare against the state-of-the-art and demonstrate that our proposed DyPS algorithms outperform the ScheduLeak algorithms in attacking the EDF RTS.


By using HG-AFS and ICP-AES, the contents of 14 trace elements (As、Cd 、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mg、Ni、Hg、Pb、V、Se、Sr、Zn) in gasification products were m easured quantitatively in an atmospheric fluidized bed gasifier, and the effects of vapor/coal ratio on the occurrence of trace elements were investigated. The results may be summarized as follows: when the vapor/coal ratio is increased, th e relative enrichments (REs) of Co, Cu in the high temperature coke from cyclone are increased at the beginning and decreased at last, while Cd, Ni is completel y opposite. The higher the vapor/coal ratio, the lower the REs of Pb, Zn in the high temperature coke. Vapor/coal ratio has little effect on the REs of Cr, Mn, Mg, V and Sr in the high temperature coke and the REs of As, Hg, Se are higher a t higher vapor/coal ratio. When the vapor/coal ratio is increased, the REs of Cd , Co, Cu, Ni in the low temperature coke from bag filter are increased at first than decreased. The higher the vapor/coal ratio, the lower the REs of As, Hg, Pb , Se, Zn in the low temperature coke. More volatile elements such as Hg, Se, As are affected much less than Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn by vapor/coal ratio. The cont ents of As, Cr, Zn in gas are decreased with increasing of vapor/coal ratio, whi le the contents of Co, Cu are increased at first than decreased.


Studying protection of human rights in the process of investigation has great significance in investigation and judicature justice.This paper analyzes the present situation of protection of human rights in the process of investigation,finds out the problems,and puts forward some countermeasures to improve the situation.


We propose "self-migrating threads" as a new cluster computing paradigm for multi-agent applications, which can be viewed as the interactions among autonomous computing entities, each having its own objectives, behavior, and local information in a synthetic world. Self-migrating threads have both navigational autonomy of mobile agents and fine computation granularity of threads. They are also given the capability to construct system-wide logical networks, representing synthetic worlds. With those aspects, we expect that self-migrating threads provide multi-agent applications with good programmability and performance. We have designed the functionality of self-migrating threads and implemented a low-level migration library. In this paper, we discuss the feasibility of our design by considering the implementation techniques and basic migration performance.


The research,development and application of magneto-gravitational separation(MGS) technique,new technical characteristics,separation principles of MGS technique,and the structure,magnetic field characteristics and application effect of the accordingly developed permanent magnetic agglomeration gravity separator and magneto-gravitational pulsating cleaner,were introduced.It can be testified from the practices for perennial production that,the lean locked particles can be effectively removed by utilizing this new MGS technique,which provides an efficient way for iron-increasing,silicon-reduction and grade-raising of concentrates.Comparing with the generally adopted reverse flotation for iron-increasing and silicon-reduction,this new method shows advantages as it is technically simple,easy to handle,and it needs no reagents and brings no pollution,furthermore,it can reduce the costs and actualize a clear production.


The paper describes a patient with refractory systemic juvenile arthritis treated with tocilizumab (TCZ). Specific features of therapeutic response in real clinical practice, aspects of individual TCZ safety in the development of macrophage activation syndrome and concurrent therapy are discussed.


We have discovered $\simeq$70 very faint dwarf galaxies in the Fornax Cluster. These dSphs candidates follow the same magnitude-surface brightness relation as their counterparts in the Local Group, and even extend it to fainter limits. The faintest dSph candidate in our sample has an absolute magnitude of $M_V\simeq-8.8$ mag and a central surface brightness of $\mu_V\simeq27$ mag/arcsec 2 . There exists a tight color-magnitude relation for the early-type galaxies in Fornax that extends from the giant to the dwarf regime. The faint-end slope of the luminosity function of the early-type dwarfs is flat ($\alpha\simeq-1.1\pm0.1$), contrary to the results obtained by Kambas et al. (2000).


The research results of effectiveness of rat kidneyprotectionby thiophan in the process of glucorticoid-induced oxidative stressare given in the article. It is detrmined that free radical process increase occurs in the conditions of chronic glucocorticoid stress in rat organism. As a result, structural kidney components are locally damaged. Application of both thiophan antioxidant and glucocorticoids decreases alteration of cells and intercellular substance of the basal glomerular membranecomponents, increases ferment activity for antioxidantal kidney parenchyma cellprotection


In the process of big data analysis, the consistency and integrity of the data are very important factors that affect the correctness of the analysis results in most cases. Usually before the data analysis process starts, data clustering should be made on the collected data sources to hold that subsequent analysis will not cause errors in the results due to data abnormalities. Therefore, maintaining integrity in data clustering is one of those very important work. One principal reason for the incomplete data is that the collected data contains missing values, and the appearance of missing values comes from factors such as carelessness and instrument failure during the data collection process. At present, the common ways to deal with missing values are as follows: directly ignore the tuples with missing values, or use the median, mean etc. of the missing values attribute to impute. The simple application of these methods often results in the loss of the original features of the tuple, which affects the subsequent data analysis and application output, leading to incorrect results. In response to this problem, our research uses machine learning methods to impute missing values in a single field. We choose complete and consistent data samples as the training datasets, and divide the data into multiple clusters by K-means clustering to capture the associations which are not easily visible between the data. These clusters use multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks to establish predictive models. For the missing values that need to be predicted, first of all we use the KNN algorithm to obtain the cluster to which the data belongs, and then apply the cluster model to calculate the predicted value. In the experiment, it is proved that the multi-model imputation method proposed by this research is better than the existing imputation methods in the results of the statistical accuracy of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE).


The essay examines the influence of genetic models on architectural design. It distinguishes between two main models: one, that which prevailed in the 1970s and 1980s, was based on structuralism and was developed by the Israeli architect, David Yannay, and the other, from the last decade, a model which was based on ideas of generative design. This essay mainly theorises Yannay's ideas, yet it also discusses the new model for the application of ideas from genetics in architecture. It concludes by critically addressing the two models in the light of the connection between architecture, science, and technology.


PURPOSE
The typical mean length of stay (LOS) following robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is 24-48hrs. We began routinely offering same day discharge (SDD) after RALP and evaluate the success rate, safety and cost implications in the only large series of SDD to date.

METHODS
Beginning September 2016, all patients were given the option for SDD without it being mandated. After allowing a period of 3 months to solidify the protocol, we evaluated our prospective database for the next 500 patients.

RESULTS
Of 500 consecutive RALPs by one surgeon (RA) in 18mos, 246 patients (49.2%) were discharged the day of surgery with all of the remaining 254 discharged the next day for a mean LOS of 0.51 days. Mean age was 62yrs (42-81yrs) and BMI 29.7kg/m2 (20-53kg/m2). Thirty-four (6.8%) overall had a Clavien-Dindo grade I-III complication within 90 days with no grade IV-V complications. Only 5 required an emergency department (ED) visit (1%) and only 8 required readmission (1.6%). Among SDD patients, only one was readmitted, and only one presented to the ED. The estimated charge for overnight stay at our institution is $2,109, such that the approximate reduction in charges was $518,814 over 18 months ($345,876/yr) with no increase in costs from ED visits or readmissions compared with overnight patients. Among the most recent 100 patients, the rate of SDD improved to 65%.

CONCLUSIONS
Same-day discharge following RALP can be safely routinely offered with no increase in readmissions or emergency visits and may lead to significant savings in healthcare costs.


s of the 3rd ECCO Congress, Lyon, France, February 28–March 1, 2008 43 severe active luminal CD, agreed upon by the panel experts (acute flare, hospitalized patient, without documented fistula or stenosis and who did not undergo surgery for abscess drainage or a fistulectomy). The various treatments were analyzed to determine the appropriateness of the medical decision, according to the EPACT criteria. Results: 84 (20%) patients met the inclusion criteria. Considering at least one appropriate (A) treatment as appropriate: 60 patients (71%) received an appropriate treatment, 24 patients (29%) an inappropriate treatment (I). Furthermore, in 87% of the cases with one appropriate treatment an additional mostly inappropriate treatment was added or continued. Detailed results are indicated in the table. Conclusion: In the EC-IBD IBD cohort, the treatment for severe active luminal CD was appropriate for more than 70% of the patients, but frequently an inappropriate treatment was continued or added, thus increasing the risk of adverse reactions, drugs interactions and costs P126 ALTERATION OF THIOPURINEPHOSPHATE METABOLITE LEVELS BY 5-AMINOSALICYLATES IN THIOPURINE USING IBD-PATIENTS P. Graaf de1, N. Boer de1, B. Jharap1, C. Mulder1, A. Bodegraven van1, M. Schwab2. 1VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2Dr MF Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany Introduction: 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASA) interfere in a dose dependent manner with thiopurines (6-MP/AZA) metabolism, increasing concentrations of 6TGN without changing MMP levels. In particular one of these metabolites, TGN-3triphospate, is associated with therapeutic efficacy. We performed a prospective pharmakinetic evaluation of thiopurine metabolites in IBD patients during steady-state AZA therapy under two different 5-ASA dosages. Methods: IBD patients on steady-state mono-therapy AZA for at least 8 weeks with normal routine laboratory control values were included in our study. Study-design comprehended four 4 week study periods in which two different dosages of 5-ASA were used (2 and 4 gr). Laboratory parameters, adverse events, 6-TG mono-, diand triphosphate levels (6-TGMP/6-TGDP/6TGTP), 6-MMP levels, 5-ASA and N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid (N-5-ASA) levels were determined at each visit. Differences in metabolite concentrations were evaluated using the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test. Results: 17 IBD patients were included (CD=11, UC=5, IC=1, 6 females and mean age 42 yr). Mean AZA dose at time of inclusion was 150 mg (= 2,0 mg/kg). Median baseline values of 6-TGDP, 6-TGTP and 6-MMPR before initiation of 5-ASA were 52, 319 and 1676 pmol/8x108 RBC respectively (ranges 13-192, 83-583 and 0-9837 pmol/8x108 RBC). As expected, no 5-ASA or N-acetyl-5ASA was detected in the serum of any patient. Significant increase in 6-TGDP, 6-TGTP and total 6TGN levels was only observed after the first period of ASA co-administration (i.e. 2 gram ASA daily; see Fig. 2). Median 6-TGTP levels rose with 28% to 482 pmol/8x108 RBC at t=2 after the first 5-ASA dosage regime, an absolute increase of 163 pmol/8x108 RBC (P<0,0002). Levels of 5-ASA and N-5-ASA were 175 and 1260 ng/ml at t=2, respectively. After the second scheme of 5-ASA (t=3), 6-TGTP levels reached median values of 483 pmol/8x108 RBC and did not differ from median values at t=2 (P=0,669). The 5-ASA and N-5-ASA levels at t=3 were 1295


Abstract. Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (MCARS) is used to detect several chemical warfare simulants, such as dimethyl methylphosphonate and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, with high specificity. The spectral bandwidth of the femtosecond laser pulse used in these studies is sufficient to coherently and simultaneously drive all the vibrational modes in the molecule of interest. Evidence shows that MCARS is capable of overcoming common sensitivity limitations of spontaneous Raman scattering, thus allowing for the detection of the target material in milliseconds with standard, uncooled universal serial bus spectrometers as opposed to seconds with cooled, intensified CCD-based spectrometers. In addition, the obtained MCARS spectrum of the investigated sample provides multiple unique signatures. These signatures are used in an off-line multivariate statistical analysis allowing for the material's discrimination with high fidelity.


The integration model of professional and humanitarian subjects in the complex training of future military specialists under conditions of the civil maritime institute of higher education is offered. The methodology and the pedagogical model of the integrative approach application in training are given. The integration characteristics of various professional knowledge and an opportunity of its usage in the training of future military specialist are shown through learning a foreign language.


The current research of regional innovation system has theory and practice researches.The theory research includes the basic definitions,the structure,the surrounding environment and innovative performance evaluation.The researches in our country march in step with abroad.The regional innovation system develops quickly but it is not an integrated and tight system.


David O. Russell tells James Bell about capturing the rawness of the ring, and the contrasting acting styles of his stars


Recent years have witnessed an increasing emphasis of political rights in international law and global political norms (Franck 1992; Rich 2001; Slaughter 2002). A new legal world order is arguably emerging that challenges the traditional nation-state centred understanding of political rights, as well as the legal discretion of the nation-state with respect to vital political rights (Kymlicka 2007). In membership policy, various NGO's and international organisations push for political inclusion of permanent resident non-citizens in contention with the established nationstate centred understanding of political equality. In minority policy, there is a similar trend in several states towards recognition of self-determination for indigenous peoples in discord with the traditional central political authority of nationstates. In international politics, finally, the recent recognition of the independence of Kosovo by a large number of Western states puts pressure on other states to accept a right to secession that has the potential of threatening the sovereignty and territorial integrity of virtually every nation state. If these trends are further reinforced, we may actually be witnessing the nascence of new rights to inclusion, selfdetermination and secession. At stake here is primarily the norm that nationstates should have far-reaching discretion in interpreting and institutionalizing political rights. Indirectly, however, the trend also further erodes the de facto autonomy of the nation-state, which is already under strain by other forces of globalisation. The purpose of this project is to investigate—empirically as well as normatively—the afforcement of the rights to inclusion, self-determination and secession. Two research questions will structure the study. The first is descriptive and concerns the extent to which a new set of political rights have been institutionalized politically and legally by contemporary nation-states. States seem variously (un)willing to recognise them, both historically and globally, and the difference between states is in itself an important object of inquiry. To which categories of non-residents are membership rights granted? And to which minorities are the rights to self-determination and secession accorded? And which categories are not recognised as legitimate rights-claimers? The second question is normative and concerns if and when rights to inclusion, self-determination and secession ought to be recognised. Is there a right to political inclusion in the first place, and to who should it in that case be granted? Are there any rights to self-determination and secession, and do all minorities in that case have them? These questions primarily address dominant conceptions of political equality and political rights in political theory, but they also aim to evaluate various empirical cases where these new polit1 Ludvig Beckman, Ulf Mörkenstam och Jouni Reinikainen är verksamma vid Stockholms universitet.


Sensitivity tests based on a spectral nudging (SN) technique are conducted to analyze the effect of large-scale environmental factors on the movement of typhoon Megi (2010). The error of simulated typhoon track is effectively reduced using SN and the impact of dynamical factors is more significant than that of thermal factors. During the initial integration and deflection period of Megi (2010), the local steering flow of the whole and lower troposphere is corrected by a direct large-scale wind adjustment, which improves track simulation. However, environmental field nudging may weaken the impacts of terrain and typhoon system development in the landfall period, resulting in large simulated track errors. Comparison of the steering flow and inner structure of the typhoon reveals that the large-scale circulation influences the speed and direction of typhoon motion by: (1) adjusting the local steering flow and (2) modifying the environmental vertical wind shear to change the location and symmetry of the inner severe convection.


We investigated the distributions of sea ice using various microwave remote sensing techniques in the part of Drake passage, Antarctica, between the area 45-75/spl deg/W and 55-66/spl deg/S. We used TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) radar altimeter, ERS-1 altimeter, ERS-2 scatterometer, Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), and DMSP Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data. The sea ice distributions were estimated between May and June 1995 and October and November 1998. The two altimeter measurements (T/P and ERS-1) showed good coherence with the results from the radiometer data in the given period when the ice concentration of 20% and greater was selected. The scatterometer data also showed good correlation with the altimetry-implied sea ice surface. The maximum and minimum values of sea ice distribution appeared in August and February, respectively. In general, the sea ice distributions estimated from radar altimeter, radiometer, and scatterometer are well correlated.


This paper based on the related data to fresh agricultural products circulation ability of 14 cities in Hunan province, applying for the factor analysis model, in order to reveal the important factor and regional differences of fresh agricultural products circulation ability. The results suggest that: from the perspective of the overall of Hunan province, GDP and per GDPPC have the most influences on fresh agricultural products circulation ability; for the different areas of the circulation ability, the effect of the same factors is different; from the time level, the circulation capacity of fresh agricultural products in Hunan province showed a trend of increasing year by year. In terms of space, the different cities have the different the circulation ability of fresh agricultural products.


Background: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is somewhat a challenging diagnosis, due to its dynamic pattern. One of the aspects of this disease is a significant conduction disorder located in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), which can be explained as a consequence of low expression of Connexin-43. This decreased conduction speed is responsible for the typical electrocardiographic pattern. Opposite leads located preferably in inferior leads of the electrocardiogram may show a deep and widened S wave associated with ascending ST segment depression. Holter monitoring electro-cardiographic (ECG) aspects is still a new frontier of knowledge in BrS, especially in intermittent clinical presentations. Methods: We describe, as an exploratory analysis, five case series of intermittent type 1 BrS to demonstrate the appearance of ascending ST segment depression and widening of the S wave, during 3-channel 24h-Holter monitoring (C1, C2 and C3) with bipolar leads. Results: In the five cases described, the ST segment depression was observed mainly in C2, but in some cases also in C1 and C3. Only case 1 presented concomitant intermittent elevation of the ST segment in C1. All cases were intermittent. Conclusion: The recognition of an ECG pattern with ascending ST-segment depression and widening of the S wave in 3-channel Holter described in this case series should raise a suspicion of the BrS and suggests the counterpart of a dromotropic disturbance registered in the RVOT and/or reciprocal changes.


Gas exchange patterns in the ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were investigated using an infrared gaseous analyser (IRGA) and a coulometric O2 respirometer (manometric–volumetric system). Before testing, the beetles were kept either in dry (dehydrated) or moist (hydrated) conditions for 1 day. Their subsequent gas exchange patterns did not depend on their state of humidity but rather were controlled by the humidity of the insect chamber during gas exchange measurement. If this chamber contained dry air, the beetles exhibited CO2 release by burst, which we interpreted as cyclic gas exchange (CGE) with inter‐burst periods, but if the chamber was switched to contain moist air, then cyclic CO2 release was soon abandoned and a pattern of continuous gas exchange appeared. Measurements with the coulometric respirometer in moist air showed that continuous gas exchange was often associated with weak abdominal pulsations, which we interpreted as active ventilation. Their metabolic rate was lower during gas exchange cycles than during continuous gas exchange. We revealed that in the ladybird beetle metabolic rate increased in moist air when the gas exchange pattern transitioned from cyclic to continuous.


The article gives performance analysis of out-patient department scheme in six samples of Ningxia Province,the main results are relatively perfect scheme designing,too much thresholds in access to rural medical insurance and not full use of out-patient department financing with divided prescription of medical facility.At last,the article suggests reforming the payment with total expenditure by general management with further regulation on chronic and serious catastrophic disease,define reasonable ration between out-patient and in-patient department,and adjust reasonable out-patient department ratio looking for better coordination joint in order to make full use the out-patient and in-patient finance.


While the publications of scientists approach in number the publications of professional writers, many of the articles of the former might well remain unpublished. Excessive writing on the part of scientists results in iferior articles which are poorly written and which make no significant contribution to science. Microfilming has been suggested as a method of condesing the bulk of scientific publication, but more than this is necessary. Scientists must learn to communicate only that which is essential. The operation of a central editorial bureau which would determine which articles should be made available is suggested. This bureau would also assume responsibility for abstracts.


In this letter, we design a dual-hop hybrid intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided millimeter-wave (mmWave) system with one passive and one active IRS. In this system, we aim to maximize the user received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by jointly optimizing the reflecting coefficients of the reflecting elements (REs) at the cascaded IRSs and the active beamforming vector at the base station. To achieve this target, we formulate a nonlinear fractional programming problem. However, it is difficult to be solved. Since it is non-convex and all the three design variables are deeply coupled. To address this problem, we decouple all variables using an alternating optimization method and divide the original problem into three sub-problems. By solving the three sub-problems iteratively until convergence, we obtain a sub-optimal solution. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional schemes.


A linear quadratic based flight control design for a next generation ejection seat design is presented. The flight control design process, dynamic models, control algorithm design, and nonlinear simulation results are presented. The study results are for a solid fuel pintle-based propulsion actuation system. The controller design was verified through linear analysis and nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation.


The American Petroleum Standard 617, 7th edition [1], screens new designs of centrifugal compressors using its Figure 1.2-5, which plots mean gas density versus rotor flexibility ratio. The purpose is to avoid rotor instability from causing unacceptable vibrations, typically whirling of the first-forward bending mode. The API figure is based on a plot by Fulton [2,3] of the same variables showing a number of compressors tested near the threshold of instability, thus forming an empirical basis for a Stability Map. This paper develops a method to derive a threshold line, using a set of typical industrial rotors varying in flexibility and running on tilt pad bearings. Instability requires a tangential force (normal to the bending displacement) to act on the rotor in the direction of whirl. The source of this force is taken to be the (tooth type) labyrinth seals inside the compressor. This tangential force is represented as linear function of whirl/spin scaled by gas density. This function is applied to the set of rotors to produce a threshold line. The derivation thus forms a basis for understanding the Stability Map.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


This Technical Note was prepared in the context of a World Bank Financial Sector Assessment Program mission in the Republic of El Salvador in March 2016. Despite the challenging economic environment, El Salvador has made significant strides towards a more inclusive financial sector. However, El Salvador faces a number of challenges, including regulatory weaknesses and uncertainty, anti-competitive practices, and a fragile security situation that impacts investment and innovation. The country still presents low levels of access to and use of a range of financial services. The financial sector is diversified, but some challenges need to be overcome to increase competition and innovation. There seem to be no excessive legal barriers to entry for new banks and the framework allows for a diverse range of large and small deposit-taking entities. The microfinance sector is diverse and competitive and reforms are underway to strengthen regulation and supervision, but capacity is an issue. Also, the microfinance prudential regulation should be improved to be in line with international good practices and standards. Reforms are needed to spur the use of electronic accounts and transactions and to improve the draft rules for simplified accounts. Further progress could be made by allowing bank and nonbank financial institutions access to and use of telecommunications infrastructure on a non-discriminatory basis. An effective consumer protection legal, regulatory and supervisory framework is needed to ensure healthy financial inclusion. The Note contains technical analysis underpinning the FSAP findings and recommendations. Given the requested focus on digital finance and consumer protection, certain areas relevant to financial inclusion – notably small and medium enterprise finance, financial education, microfinance regulation and supervision– have been addressed in an abbreviated manner in this Technical Note. Although this Note incorporates some insights from the Technical Notes covering Financial Infrastructure, Non-Bank Savings and Credit Institutions (NBSCI) and Public Banks, not all related issues are incorporated in this Note, so the other Technical Notes should be read for a more comprehensive view of Salvadoran financial inclusion.


Disrupted social bonds in adolescence have direct connection
with the delinquency of young people. Adolescence is a period
of stabilization of mental and physical development; the main
developmental task is to find and develop their own identity.
Family environment plays an important role and has a big
influence on further personal life. The work presents research
focused on the importance of family, family relationships and
peer contacts in particular, and describes social deviation
briefly. The objective of the work was to find out the
connection between the delinquency of adolescents and disrupted
social bonds, specially feeling of the absence of parental love
and attention and to find out the main motives for the
delinquency of adolescents. The work pointed out the friends as
the most important factor of delinquency of adolescents and
finally pointed out the fact the most of adolescents saw the
same or similar deliquent behaviour in the family.


Thesis presented with the aim of contributing with an instrument that guides the
areas that are involved in the acquisition of goods and contracting of necessary
services for the different activities and the fulfillment of indicators of the public
procurement management of the GAD MDMQ Metropolitan Health Unit South,
of the city of Quito, in compliance with the regulations for Public Procurement.
The first chapter contains the theories, concepts and authors that contributed to
obtain the necessary knowledge for the final proposal.
In the second chapter the methodology applied is described, as well as the
observation and analysis made to the institution, which allowed to know the
current situation, shortcomings and factors of improvement.
The third chapter presents the author's proposal, framed in the regulations and
institutional need.
DESCRIPTORS: process, indicators, regulations, management, file


We present an existence result for the Cahn{Hilliard equation with a concentration dependent mobility which allows the mobility to degenerate. Formal asymptotic results relate the Cahn{Hilliard equation with a degenerate mobility to motion by surface diiusion V = ? S. We state a local existence result for this geometric motion and show that circles are asymptotically stable.


In non-linear optical processes, such as obtaining attosecond pulses, it is extremely important to control the carrier envelope phase. To do this, various periodic trains of identical femtosecond pulses with a controlled phase can be created. In addition, since there is no frequency comb offset in such sequences, the process of measuring optical frequencies is greatly simplified. The pulse selector has been developed to obtain a sequence of identical femtosecond pulses with a controlled carrier – envelope phase. The selector makes it possible to obtain a "pure" sequence of identical femtosecond pulses at the modulator output (when every 125th pulse is selected from the original sequence with a repetition rate of 250 MHz) in a fairly wide range of control signal phase tuning. This range is 1.3 degrees. The phase tuning of the pulse selector provides the possibility of obtaining one hundred twenty-five such sequences with a phase tuning discreteness of 2π/125. The simplest way to reduce discreteness is to increase the ratio of the pulse repetition rate of a femtosecond laser to the shift of its frequency comb. The phase characteristic of the pulse selector was obtained by registering the time dependence of the synthesized sequence with a selector phase tuning step of 0.1 degrees. We measured the spectra of the sequences at different phases of the pulse selector, as well as the emission spectrum of the master laser at the minimum transmission of the modulator in the absence of modulation. The spectrum with the maximum amplitude corresponded to the case when identical pulses with the highest amplitude were selected from the original sequence. The difference between these spectra made it possible to isolate the spectrum of a pure sequence of identical femtosecond pulses without taking into account the "background" that occurs due to the modulator has a finite attenuation of –20 dB.


This article starts a series of articles on dependences between the conditions of the growth of trees in forests and the technical aspects and directions of using the raw material obtained from these trees. This is a key feature for wood purchasers because it determines the efficiency of production and directly affects the final financial result of their activity. Wood represents an environmentally sustainable and renewable material, which is a widely available raw material on the market and must meet specific quality and strength requirements. These parameters indicate the utility values of wood and the possibilities of its use. One of the factors influencing the properties of wood is the type of the forest habitat it comes from. In order to determine this influence, tests were carried out to show how tree growth conditions affected changes in the density and strength of raw wood. The assumption (hypothesis) about the correlation between the static bending strength of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood and the forest habitat was verified on four forest types, i.e., fresh coniferous forest (FCF), fresh mixed coniferous forest (FMCF), fresh mixed forest (FMF) and fresh forest (FF). The properties depend largely on the wood structure, its origin on the cross section and the length of the stems. The raw material selected for the study came from Scots pine trees growing in forests in central Poland. The study confirmed the influence of the habitat on changes in the density and strength of pinewood. There was a correlation between the habitat FMCF and the quality parameters of the raw material, which reflected the wood structure r = 0.775; p < 0.05.


Its growth and ferment conditions of new tyte of rhizopus oryze were investigated. In optimal condition, the mutant was fermented in the 15L auto-fermentation tank, continuous feed ammonia to control pH value from 5.5 to 6.0, the total acid and the L-Lactic acid weight percent were up to 9.5% and 9.0% respectively, and it could tolerance 1.6% NH+4.


: Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate denaturation characteristics of pork muscle proteins from carriers and noncarriers of the RN-gene. Pork from RN-carriers deviated from noncarriers in maximum denaturation temperatures and denaturation enthalpy, with proteins of RN-carriers being the most heat-labile. Correlation studies on the results showed that water-holding capacity was significantly correlated to changes in enthalpy of the population mainly representing myosin tails and sarcoplasmic proteins (p < 0.001). Finally, the influence of ultimate pH and preheating on thermal characteristics of porcine muscle proteins was studied. Myosin tails and sarcoplasmic proteins were most sensitive to pH changes, while myosin heads were most sensitive to preheating simulating stress-induced temperature increases.


Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that inherently generates signal in non-centrosymmetric materials, such as starch granules, and therefore can be used for label-free imaging. Both intensity and polarization of SHG are determined by material properties that are characterized by the nonlinear susceptibility tensor, χ(2). Examination of the tensor is performed for each focal volume (voxel) of the image by measuring the outgoing polarization state of the SHG signal for a set of incoming laser beam polarizations. Mapping of nonlinear properties expressed as the susceptibility ratio reveals structural features including the organization of crystalline material within a single starch granule, and the distribution of structural properties in a population of granules. Isolated granules, as well as in situ starch, can be analyzed using polarimetric SHG microscopy. Due to the fast sample preparation and short imaging times, polarimetric SHG microscopy allows for a quick assessment of starch structure and permits rapid feedback for bioengineering applications.

This article presents the basics of SHG theory and microscopy applications for starch-containing materials. Quantification of ultrastructural features within individual starch granules is described. New results obtained by polarization resolved SHG microscopy of starch granules are presented for various maize genotypes revealing heterogeneity within a single starch particle and between various granules.


Aim\ This paper presents the frame and system of an intelligent simulation platform based on knowledge base system. Methods\ A method by applying AI and COM technologies which can be used to solve the problem of building a simulation model. Results\ Supported by the knowledge of fields to construct an intercommunication type of simulation system. Conclusion\ The described system fits to the applications of certain fields for simulation modeling.


We demonstrate the successful fabrication of passive photonic devices in a 300-nm thick Indium phosphide (InP) membrane bonded on glass, using a post-bonding fabrication scheme. Our results show that post-bonding processing can be used to allow double-side processing of InP membrane devices. Furthermore, the yield in InP membrane fabrication can be increased by bonding the membrane prior to patterning. Characterization results show good performance in power splitters and ring resonators (Q ~ 15,000). However, waveguide losses were found to be very high (25 dB/cm) and need to be reduced by e.g. optimizing the lithography steps.


If you live in Glasgow you are 66% more likely to die prematurely than if you live in rural Dorset and 31% more likely than if you live in Bristol. Where you live in Britain is a better guide to your chance of an early death now than at any time in almost half a century, according to a report from the Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Although absolute mortality for all groups in society has fallen steadily since the 1950s, the gap between people living in different areas has widened, particularly since the 1980s. People living in the tenth of areas with the …


In a recent paper in the journal Science (2014, Vol. 344, pp. 750–754), J. Chatters et al. present a new early human skeleton from the Yucatan, Mexico, considering it in the context of eight other early "Paleoamerican" individuals—all from North America—that previously yielded ancient genetic evidence and/or direct radiocarbon ages. Despite including the archaeological site of Monte Verde II, Chile, in their discussion, we were alarmed that the authors otherwise ignored the South American record, presenting a map with the southern continent being devoid of PaleoAmerican human remains. We felt it important to remind our colleagues that South America has produced numerous directly dated human skeletal remains that are as old as the ones cited by Chatters et al. for North America, and that several of these have actually yielded mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Significant implications can be derived from this radiocarbon, bioanthropological, and mtDNA dataset, especially considering the antiquity of the earliest human populations and process of peopling of the New World. Undoubtedly, the remains recovered from Hoyo Negro (HN5/48) cave by Chatters et al. constitute a significant archaeological discovery, considering how elusive and incomplete early skeletal material for the Americas is. The remains were recovered from an ancient cavern that was available to humans before the end of the Pleistocene, before Postglacial sealevel rise. Fresh bone fractures on the individual suggest a death due to a fall when the cavern was filled with shallow water. Consequently, the Hoyo Negro human skeleton represents a bone assemblage deposited naturally, in a palimpsest with remains of other species that accumulated at different times. As the authors discuss, radiocarbon and uranium–thorium dates on human teeth and bones, extinct faunal remains, and calcite speleothems together indicate the human remains were deposited by 12,000–13,000 cal yr BP. However, the absence of associated cultural remains limits the interpretive value of this significant discovery. Other skeletal remains have been recovered in a nearby flooded cave system known as Cenote Naharon, by a team led by A. González. Among them is a human femur radiocarbon dated to about 13,500 cal yr BP according to its amino-acid fraction, but this date has yet to be replicated, underscoring the problematic nature of dating organic material in these submerged cavern systems. In South America, there are now 23 direct dates on 21 individuals from 13 sites that have yielded ages older than 10,000 cal yr BP (Table 1, Figure 1; for references see "Suggested Reading" after the editorial, as well as the report by L. Menendez et al. in this issue of PaleoAmerica). Among them, four sites have produced direct dates older than 12,000 cal yr BP: Los Rieles in the semiarid north of Chile, Arroyo de Frías in the Pampean region of Argentina, Gruta de Candonga in the Sierra de Córdoba of Argentina, and Toca do Gordo do Garrincho in northeastern Brazil. Los Rieles is a shell midden located upon a high marine terrace where several human burials were excavated by D. Jackson, C. Méndez, and E. Aspillaga. Correspondence to: César Méndez, Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, Santiago, Chile. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


In an attempt to understand the origin of relaxor ferroelectricity, it is shown that interesting behaviour of the onset of non-ergodicity and of precursor nanodomains found in first principles simulations of the relaxor alloy $\mathrm {Ba(Zr}_{1-x}\mathrm{Ti}_{x}\mathrm{)O}_3$ can be understood easily by a simple mapping to an induced-moment soft pseudo-spin glass.


In this short note we consider the Majorana and the Nambu equations/> generalize them to have antiparticles and formulate the operators of space inversion, charge conjugation and time reversal within the framework of c-number theory. If these fields could obtain a success in quantization consistently, these operators would induce a natural definition in the quantized field theory, although the problem of quantization and formulation of scattering has been encountering great troubles.2>


Excitonic insulators originate from the formation of bound excitons (electron–hole pairs) in semiconductors and provide a solid-state platform for quantum many-boson physics. We determined the excitonic insulator phase of Ti3C2O2 monolayer from its indirect quasiparticle band structure and from the precise evaluation of the relative value of the fundamental bandgap vs the momentum-indirect excitonic binding energy. The excitonic insulator is stable over the ±4% range of compressive and tensile biaxial strain. The energy region relevant for the optical absorption is strongly strain-dependent.


The 1938 term of the Supreme Court brought substantial changes in its personnel. Mr. Justice Cardozo died on January 9, 1938. He was succeeded by Mr. Justice Frankfurter, who took office on January 30, 1939. On February 13, 1939, Mr. Justice Brandeis retired, and on April 17 Mr. Justice Douglas was appointed to fill his place. By the end of the term, therefore, four justices appointed by President Roosevelt had taken office. It is too early to appraise the results of these appointments upon the decisions and doctrines of the Court. One statement may be made, however, which throws some light upon the recent trend of judicial decisions. In preparing the present survey of the Court's decisions, some sixty cases were examined, all but one or two of them turning upon constitutional issues. In these sixty-odd cases, Mr. Justice McReynolds and Mr. Justice Butler, the two remaining members of the conservative "old guard," dissented together twenty-five times. In several instances they were joined in dissent by Mr. Justice Roberts, and once or twice by the Chief Justice. In the main, however, they stood alone against a compact majority of six or seven justices. With the death of Mr. Justice Butler in the fall of 1939, Mr. Justice McReynolds stands like the boy on the burning deck amidst what obviously appears to him to be the imminent destruction of the old constitutional system.


Objectives: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) requires immediate start of external chest compression (ECC) and cardioversion as soon as possible. During dental surgery, CPR should be started in the dental chair considering difficulty to move the patient from the dental chair to the floor. However, all types of dental chairs are not stable for ECC.
We previously developed a procedure to stabilize a dental chair by using a stool. ERC guideline 2015 adopted our procedure when cardiac arrest during dental surgery. The objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of a stool as a stabilizer in different types of dental chairs.
Materials and methods: Three health care providers participated in this study, and 8 dental chairs were examined. ECC were performed on a manikin that was laid on the backrest of a dental chair. A stool was placed under the backrest to stabilize the dental chair. The vertical displacement of the backrest by ECC were compared between with and without a stool, and recorded by a camcorder.
Results: In all 8 dental chairs, the method by using a stool significantly reduced the vertical displacements of the backrest by ECC. The reduction ratios were between nearly 39~85%, although it was different by chairs.
Conclusions: Our procedure to stabilize dental chairs by using a stool significantly reduced the displacement of a backrest against ECC in all chairs.
Clinical relevance: Effective ECC could be performed in dental chairs by using a stool when sudden cardiac arrest occurs during dental surgery.


where 11 and 14 are the respective lengths of the layers k1 = 27r/Xi and k2= 27r/X2, and Z1 = picI/SI, Z2 = P2C2/S2. The quantity Z is recognized as the so-called acoustic impedance of a plane compressional wave. Here again the formal agreement is evident and the analogy becomes more striking if S2/S1 = P2/P1. The structure here considered is of course a low-pass compressional wave filter. If cos U is plotted against frequency (instead of energy as in the electron case) cos U is numerically not greater than unity for frequencies extending from zero to some "cut-off" frequency where there begins a "forbidden" band, i.e., a range of frequencies for which no transmission takes place. The plot of (5) on a frequency scale is formally equivalent to that of (4) on an energy scale. Irreversible dissipation is, of course, ruled out in both problems. The above analogy breaks down in the case where W > V1 butW < V2. In this case transmission through the lattice is controlled by


The characteristics of corn water consumption and physiological growth were studied under different spraying modes and frequencies of yellow humic acid with corn as the material.The results showed that corn water consumption decreased after spraying yellow humic acid compared with the control,and the decreasing rate of total water consumption in F1-j treatment was the largest with 17.14%.Compared to the alternate spray mode,water consumptions under the overall-spraying mode increased by 1.17%,7.63%,9.74% respectively when spraying for 1,2,3 times.Both of the corn height and diameter under the alternate spray mode were higher than those under overall-spraying mode,and the corn height increased by 1.73%,3.21% respectively with spraying for 2,3 times.Both of the corn height and diameter under the alternate spray mode were lower than those under overall-spraying mode,and the corn height decreased by 0.41% with spraying for 2,3 times.The leaf areas under overall-spraying mode were larger than those under the alternate spray mode.Water use efficiency under the alternate spray mode was higher than that under overall-spraying mode,and the more frequency,the higher water use efficiency under 2 spraying modes.


The risk assessment of any Network or Security systems has a high level of uncertainties because usually probability and statistics were used to evaluate the security of different cyber security systems. In this paper we will use Shannon entropy to represent the uncertainty of information used to calculate systems risk and entropy weight method since the weight of the object index is normally used and point to the significant components of the index. We evaluate the risk of security systems in terms of different security layers and protections. The information system is analysed by perimeter, network, host, application and data layers' protections. The capability of protections is measured by introducing the concept of protection effectiveness. We write the security evaluations algorithm to normalized the protection matrix and calculate the entropy and the entropy weight, then we will use the weight and paths to evaluate and calculate the total risk in the system and give the systems administrator a clear guidance on the vulnerable security entities. We try to develop a novel approach to evaluate the cyber security suitable for the majority of cyber systems by introducing the term of security entities.


Excellent offshore conditions with mean windspeeds of more than 9 m/s in 62m height as well as shortage of onshore-sites motivate the current wind farm intentions in the North Sea. It will become vitally important to know the offshore electricity production two days in advance: Liberalised electricity markets call for reliable wind power predictions because balancing power is expensive. Previento is a wind power prediction system providing the expected power output of wind farms up to 72 hours in advance and is in operational use for German onshore sites. It includes advanced regional upscaling and in addition to the prediction an estimate of the uncertainty of the actual forecast. For offshore sites, wind power prediction tools have to deal with the special meteorological conditions above the sea. Important effects are in particular thermal air-sea interaction, a dynamic roughness length of the sea surface and the influence of the land-sea-discontinuity. How good is the wind speed forecast offshore? We present first promising results of short term wind speed predictions for potential offshore sites in the North Sea. For verification, we used recent measurements from Horns Rev and synoptic metmasts. Because of the presented high accuracy of the offshore wind speed forecast, Previento will allow for an economic grid integration of future offshore wind farms. Surprisingly, in all possible thermal conditions measured speeds of westerly winds coming from the sea show a larger wind shear compared to the logarithmic profile. This fact might be due to a decreased thickness of the atmospheric Prandtl Layer above the sea. Further analysis is required and in progress.


Nowadays, scientific progress seems to have reached such high levels that it can satisfy almost every human demand: mankind apparently has an absolute, unlimited, and sometimes irresponsible power at its disposal. As an opposition to the excesses of a technological civilization, Hans Jonas proposes an ethics based on responsibility, a kind of 'imperative' which puts the arrogance of a thoughtless progress to a halt. The consequences and the impacts of human activity have by now become unforeseeable, and man may well lose control of his technological successes by turning them into real failures, not only for himself but potentially for all of humanity. Man's responsibility must therefore depend not only on his own and his peers' life, but also, maybe above all, on the life of the next generations. Man needs to look at  not only the immediate present but also at the perspectives in the long run: he should begin to think in the long term and thus needs to rediscover himself. The elaboration of a theory of re...


The main purpose of this study is to test the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity Ratio (ROE) on Stock Price in the Jakarta Islamic Index Companies period 2015-2109. This study used quantitative research by using a purposive sampling method and obtained 12 samples. The data obtained by the annual company financial report of JII companies during 2015-2019.  The method used is descriptive statistical analysis through the classical assumption test to analyze data and multiple linear regression. Data testing used SPSS Statistics 22. The result of this study shows DER does not affect the stock price partially and ROE has a significant positive effect on the stock price while simultaneously debt to equity ratio and return on equity affect the stock price.


Recent studies have demonstrated that only 30% of patients referred for assessment of a possible bleeding tendency will eventually be diagnosed with a mild bleeding disorder (MBD) such as von Willebrand disease (VWD) or platelet function defect (PFD). Rather, the majority of such patients will be diagnosed with Bleeding Disorder of Unknown Cause (BDUC). There remains an important unmet need to define consensus regarding the clinical and laboratory criteria necessary for a formal BDUC diagnosis. Nevertheless, BDUC already accounts for more than 10% of patients registered in some Haemophilia Comprehensive Care centres. Accumulating recent data suggest that BDUC is also being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Increased BAT scores are widely utilized to differentiate significant from trivial symptoms in patients with mucocutaneous bleeding. Objective assessment of bleeding phenotype using a standardised bleeding assessment tool (BAT) therefore represents a fundamental first step in the diagnosis of BDUC. Since BDUC is a diagnosis by exclusion, accurate quantification of bleeding phenotype is critical as this will be the primary determinant upon which a diagnosis of BDUC is reached. Importantly, BAT scores suggest that patients with BDUC display bleeding phenotypes comparable to those seen in patients with VWD or PFD respectively. Despite the prevalence of BDUC, diagnosis and management of these patients commonly pose significant clinical dilemmas. In this manuscript, we consider these challenges in the context of a number of typical case studies, discuss the available evidence and outline our approach to the management of these patients.


Social networks are highly dynamic objects; they grow and change quickly over time through the addition of new edges, signifying the appearance of new interactions in the underlying social structure. In present online social networks have become necessary communication tools in peoples' daily life. Links prediction of social network can not only recommend future friends to a user, but also can predict large scale social trends. In this paper, the link prediction problem is treated as a binary classification problem. We propose the method for constructing dynamic weighted social attribute network, and then extract different features from the weighted social attribute network, which are used to train a classifier for link prediction. Moreover, we discuss how to design the node weight and edge weight. The experiments show that when compared with the original social attribute network graph, the weighted social attribute network has better performance for link prediction, and the method for designing the weight of the node and edge weight of the social attribute network is feasible.


A bryophyte inventory along an altitudinal gradient on Cerro Pirre (1200 m), Darien National Park, Panama, demonstrates that the different rain forest types along the gradient (inundatedlowland, hillside-lowland, submontane, montane elfin forest) have very different species assemblages. The montane forest has the largest number of exclusive species and the largest bryophyte biomass. Species richness is greatest in the submontane forest. The bryophyte flora of Cerro Pirre is not exceedingly rich in species owing to the rather low elevation of the mountain and the seasonal climate in the adjacent coastal plain. Nevertheless, the distinct altitudinal diversification and the occurrence of a considerable number of rare hepatic taxa, demonstrate the importance of Darien National Park as an area of plant conservation. Forty hepatic species are reported as new to Panama.


Objective To understand current hygienic situation of drinking water in Shuangliu,provide scientific evidence for the government to formulate strategies of water-borne diseases prevention.Methods Hygienic survey and water quality monitoring were conducted on the centralized water supply in Shuangliu county and decentralized water supply in rural areas.The qualified rates of water samples with different type and time were compared to analyze the health risk factors.Results The total qualified rate of drinking water was 81.05%,with the qualified rate of centralized water supply(86.84%) higher than that of decentralized water supply(62.07%),and qualified rate in dry season higher than in wet season.The first four factors that caused unqualification of drinking water in ShuangLiu county were total amount of bacteria(29.32%),total coligroup(16.75%),turbidity(14.14%) and heat-resistant coliform(12.04%).Conclusion The qualified rate of drinking water in ShuangLiu county is low,it is neccesary to strengthen the management of drinking water disinfection and publicity of hygiene-awareness to improve awareness of drinking water safety in the community.


This paper presents a case study of environmental evaluation of innovative shell-nexorade hybrid timber construction system designed within fabrication-aware technic and fabricated using robotic construction technology. The life cycle assessment of construction phase of the system has been performed; a sensitivity study of the robotic system's outlay has been effectuated. The results show that the contribution of robotic construction system to the overall result is fairly significant and, in some figures, can even exceed the material's one.


Recent studies of cultured quartz radiation stability (or "hardness") have called for quartz whose Z-reqion alu~inum content is 1 ppm or less. A report of unusually high purity quartz grown in silver from devitrified, high purity, silica given at the 1982 Frequency Control Symposium tends to confirm the predicted advantages. During 1982 and 1983 two low-aluminum runs were grown slowly in unlined production-sized autoclaves at the Sawyer Research Products cultured quartz plant, supported in part by the US Air Force, usinq previously qrown crystals as nutrient. Three other low-aluminum runs were also slow-grown from selected high-purity nutrients. The EPR analytical results of these samples from five runs are shawn in the table together with details of growth conditions, nutrient used, and IR indicated Q capability.


Abstract. According to the state of the art in mining and repository research,
undisturbed rock salt is impermeable to fluids. Hence, rock salt formations
are considered as host rock for nuclear waste repositories. Viscous, polycrystalline salt rock with low humidity contains no connected
pore spaces. Two mechanisms are known for fluid transport: (a) damage due to
large deviatoric and tensile stresses generates dilatancy, and hence
permeability. (b) Fluid pressure exceeding the minor principal stress can open
pathways (pressure-driven percolation, Minkley et al., 2013). To assess
barrier integrity of rock salt barriers, the dilatancy and minimal stress
criteria have been derived. Recently (Ghanbarzadeh et al., 2015; Lewis and Holness, 1996), high
permeabilities in rock salt have been postulated under certain conditions. In
particular, at high stresses and temperatures, including possible repository
conditions, rock salt is claimed to develop a connected, thus permeable, pore
space. In the PeTroS project (Minkley et al., 2020), we investigated fluid transport
in the supposedly permeable region. Five points in pressure-temperature space
were defined – pressures of 18 and 36 MPa, temperatures of
140, 160, and 180 ∘C. At each point, experiments
with both nitrogen and saturated NaCl solution (brine) were performed. Samples
were prepared from natural rock salt of German Zechstein formations, both
bedded and domal salt. Sample material was generally relatively pure rock salt
with minor impurities. Cylindrical samples (diameter 100 mm, length 200 mm) were loaded in a
triaxial (Kármán) cell. Fluid pressure was applied to a central
pressure chamber; any transmitted fluid was collected and extracted at the
secondary side. The entire cell was heated to the specified temperature. Experiments generally comprised an isotropic phase (several stages of fluid
pressure almost up to the confining stress) and a fluid breakthrough phase
(lowering of axial stress by strain-controlled extension). After the test, a
coloured tracer fluid was injected to visualise fluid discharge points. Fluid breakthroughs with fluid pressure above the minor principal stress were
observed at all five pressure-temperature conditions. Some samples showed an
approximately Darcian flow at fluid pressure below the minor principal stress,
with permeabilities in the order of 10−22 m2, as is regularly
observed due to the small size and initial damage from sample preparation
(Popp et al., 2007). Tests consistently showed a gradual decrease of flow
rate, i.e. reduction of the initial damage. A stable permeability over longer times, as would be expected due to the
formation of a connected pore space network, was not observed in any of the
experiments. Intriguingly, experiments with brine showed no initial
permeability even though the wetting fluid should plausibly favour the
formation of a stable connected pore network. Predictions of the static pore scale theory (Ghanbarzadeh et al., 2015) could
thus not be confirmed. Regarding repositories for heat-generating waste, it
can be concluded that from a geomechanical point of view, the dilatancy and
minimal stress criteria are the relevant criteria for barrier integrity even
at higher pressure and temperature.


A preliminary study of the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) using metal coating films and a vacuum evaporation deposition technique with the woven fabrics made of metal/PET filaments is presented. Using coaxial transmission equipment, the EMSE of these films and fabrics was measured in the frequency range 2250—2650 MHz. The experimental results indicate that different coating materials have different EMSE, with a thicker coating film having a higher EMSE. In addition, a woven fabric with lower aperture ratio made from metal/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments has higher EMSE, and the electromagnetic shielding of polarized electromagnetic waves possesses orientation effects. The paper provides theoretical guidance for designing flexible electromagnetic shielding products.


Pharmacological studies have suggested that the cholinergic (ACh) and noradrenergic (NA) systems in the amygdala (AM) play an important role in learning and memory storage and that the two systems interact to modulate memory storage. To obtain anatomical evidence for the interaction, the organization of the ACh and NA fibers in rat AM was investigated by immunocytochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DBH) in conjunction with light, confocal laser scanning, and electron microscopy (LM, CLSM, and TEM, respectively). LM showed that the ChAT immunoreactivity was densest in the basolateral nucleus (BL), whereas the DBH immunoreactivity was densest in the posterior BL. CLSM demonstrated that the ChAT‐immunoreactive profiles in the BL were frequently located in juxtaposition to the DBH‐immunoreactive axons. The TEM observations were as follows: The majority of the synapses formed by ChAT‐immunoreactive terminals were symmetric, but DBH‐immunoreactive axons formed both asymmetric and symmetric synapses. The ChAT‐immunoreactive terminals usually established the symmetric synaptic contacts with the DBH‐immunoreactive terminals and varicosities. The DBH‐immunoreactive terminals formed the asymmetric synapses with the ChAT‐immunoreactive dendrites of the intrinsic neurons within the AM. The results provide anatomical substrates for mnemonic functions of the ACh and NA systems and for the interactions between the two systems in the AM. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:411–425, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Extraction of information from any raw signal which is represented in time domain is possible with mathematical transformation. The transform"s role is to process the signal and some of the widely popular transforms are: Wavelet Transform (WT), Fourier Transform (FT) and Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) (Blatter, 2008). The raw signal represented graphically in time-domain, is not always considered the best practice for signal processing applications. However, in many cases, the most useful information contained in the signal is frequency (Spectral component) of the signal. The frequency spectrum gives evidence of frequency in the signal.


Abstract Chlorinated hydrocarbons of low volatility, especially DDT, HCH, and PCB, have been used as indicators of the level of pollution in aquatic sediments. These compounds are present in all the sediment samples analysed by gas chromatography. Enrichment factors between water and sediment are high (Kd = 85,108 in the case of DDT), documenting the strong geoaccumulation tendency of toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons. No linear relationship was observed between the concentration of contaminants (HCH and PCB) and the amount of organic matter in the sediments. The application of the EVOLON model to determine the kinetics of sorption showed clearly a value of saturation. The sorbed amount of these chlorinated hydrocarbons appears to be largely dependent upon that portion of organic matter which is on the surface of the sediment particles. From the metals investigated Hg, Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn are of anthropogenic origin; Cr, Ni and Co are of geochemical origin and correspond to background values.


No one word, phrase, or clause can capture the wide variety of writings about the early American period published this year. The New England Puritans, slavery, Benjamin Franklin, the novel, and aesthetics are especially prominent, but a number of other topics attract attention too, including the Haitian Revolution, women and empire, poetry, and the theater. Though there are only a few studies of Native Americans, and the Eastern Seaboard continues to dominate, the scholarship in large measure ranges widely and displays the richness and vitality of the field.


The stages of growth of thin Cu overlayers (less than 3 monolayers) on the Nb(110) clean surface have been studied by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger-electron spectroscopy, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The LEED spectra indicated that in the early stages of growth less than about 1.5 monolayers of Cu grows in an incommensurate structure resembling a strained fcc (100) Cu surface designated Cu(I). Above that coverage the overlayer transforms to a fcc Cu(111) surfacelike structure designated Cu(II). The spectral features observed in the Cu(I) and Cu(II) photoemission spectra are compared with those of Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces.


Correlographic image reconstruction, using pupil-plane intensity patterns generated by a coherently-illuminated object, has been simulated O and has successfully reproduced the density mask used to drive the simulation. We describe a set of experiments in which a physical object was illuminated, and detector-plane intensity readouts were used as the input to correlographic reconstruction software. The effects of dark current bias, finite analog-to-digital conversion error, and additive noise are evaluated. The correlogram construction process includes inward extrapolation for smoothing of the D.C. spike. The phase retrieval process includes annealing and median filtering. As compared with the simulated results, the experimental results show greater difficulty in convergence and a lower fidelity in the reconstructed image.