Dear Professor Cowling, We would like to thank you for the opportunity to address the suggestions raised in the letter by Yin et al. in response to our study "Effectiveness of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent or quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine among adults 65 years of age or older, a systematic review and meta-analysis" that found that among adults ≥65 years, aTIV demonstrated significant absolute vaccine effectiveness (VE), improved relative VE compared to nonadjuvanted standard-dose TIV/QIV and comparable relative VE to high-dose TIV. We would also like to thank Yin et al. and his colleagues at Sanofi Pasteur for their interest in our paper and for their appraisal. The decision to focus on real-world evidence was based on an interest in synthesizing data on the performance of aTIV/aQIV under real-world conditions in the general population. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are generally considered the "gold standard" of evidence due to their potential to produce relatively unbiased effect estimates. However, clinical trial inclusion/exclusion criteria may result in a study population that is not representative of the general population, potentially decreasing the generalizability of the results to routine care in the general population. Seasonal influenza vaccines are reformulated almost every year due to the constantly changing antigenic properties of circulating influenza viruses. This frequent change necessitates annual evaluation of influenza vaccine performance, which is accomplished primarily though RWE. One study in our review (Gasparini et al.) was identified as being at serious risk of bias (RoB). A recent review by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) characterized two additional studies as being at serious RoB that were characterized as moderate RoB in our review (Spadea et al. and Mannino et al.). While the ROBINS-I tool (and other RoB assessment tools) provides a structured framework for evaluating RoB, a degree of subjectivity remains and variation in the assessment outcomes may be expected between different reviewers/reviews. The original reported pooled estimate for aTIV absolute VE for the prevention of influenza and pneumonia hospitalizations was 51.3% (95% CI: 39.1, 61.1). In a post hoc analysis conducted for this letter, the pooled estimate did not change considerably when the Gasparini 2013 study was removed (50.6% [38.2, 60.6]) or when both the Gasparini et al. and Spadea et al. studies were removed (54.8% [29.1, 71.1]). Similarly, the original pooled estimate for the relative VE of aTIV versus TIV for the influenza-related medical encounters (13.9% [4.2, 23.5]) did not change considerably when Mannino et al. was removed in a post hoc analysis (13.0% [2.9, 23.0]). Non-peer-reviewed data (commonly referred to as "grey literature") are frequently included in systematic reviews because it helps to ensure a comprehensive assessment of all available literature and the exclusion of that data can lead to publication bias. Our study reviewed a wide range of grey literature sources in an effort to identify all available relevant data. The grey literature study noted by Yin et al. (Van Buynder et al.) was a second season extension of a study that was previously published in a peer-reviewed journal (and included in our review). A second effect estimate from a grey literature source (Public Health England [PHE] government report) was also included in the meta-analysis of absolute VE of aTIV for prevention of labconfirmed outpatient influenza visits. The original pooled estimate of the absolute VE of aTIV for prevention of lab-confirmed outpatient influenza visits was 40.7% (21.9, 54.9) and increased in a post hoc analysis when the Van Buynder et al. study was removed 44.6% (6.7, 67) and when both the Van Buynder et al. and PHE estimates were removed 59.8% (25.8, 78.3), indicating that our reported estimate was more conservative than if grey literature sources had been excluded. There were additional studies evaluated in our review that were not captured in the reviews conducted by Canada's NACI, the ECDC, or STIKO, predominantly due to the later search cutoff date for our review. All four reviews (NACI, ECDC, STIKO and our review) had differences in their specific research question/aim, study selection, and evidence synthesis approaches. The conclusions of the NACI, ECDC and STIKO reviews were based on the results of GRADE assessments. The GRADE method is a general approach (i.e., not influenza specific) of synthesizing and "grading" the quality of evidence for a certain research question (or questions). The GRADE approach puts a heavy emphasis on RCTs in "grading" the body of evidence with RCTs starting as "high quality" and observational evidence starting as "low quality." Decision makers may consider a wide variety of factors when evaluating a health technology (e.g., efficacy, effectiveness, safety, cost, and supply), and it is up to those decision makers to decide what weight to give to any one factor. Additionally, the weight any one decision maker may give to RWE when evaluating a health technology does not determine the validity of the available body of RWE evidence or any review/metaanalysis of that body of evidence. Similar evaluations by the Australia's ATAGI and UK's JCVI led to preferential recommendations for aQIV or high-dose QIV over standard dose nonadjuvanted eggbased vaccines for adults aged 65 years or older. The results of our study represented the most up to date body of RWE evidence related to aTIV/aQIV effectiveness (at the time of the Received: 22 July 2021 Accepted: 23 July 2021


Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry Semarang Midwifery Diploma Course IV Semarang 2017 ABSTRACK Naely Rizkie 1 , Nur Khafidhoh 2 , Sri Wahyuni S 3 The Relationship b etween A Class o f Pregnant Women w ith Maternal Self-Efficacy a nd Postpartum Maternal Stress 10i + 68 pages + 6 table + 4 images + 4 attachment Psychologically, a woman who had just given birth will experience psychological pressure. The incidence of stress during childbirth is still a lot going on when a class of pregnant women have been implemented as a program. Self-efficacy is one of the factors that play a role in supporting the success of the mother during labor and postpartum. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between a class of pregnant women with Maternal Self Efficacy and Mother Postpartum Stress. Type of this research is Analytical correlation with cross sectional study design. Variables used in this research are class of pregnant women as the independent variable and Maternal Self Efficacy and Mother Postpartum Stress as dependent variable. The sample was normal primiparas numbered 30 people. The data collection is done by measuring, observation, and documentation. Data presented in tables, images, and narratives. Key words : Class of Pregnant Women, Maternal Self Efficacy, Mother Postpartum Stress Books     : 24 books (1997 until 2015) 1 College Student of Midwifery Diploma Course IV Health Polytechnic of Semarang 2 Lecture I of Midwifery Health Programs Health Polytechnic of Semarang 3 Lecture II of Midwifery Health Programs Health Polytechnic of Semarang


The term symbiosis has been used with different meanings, and the question of its correct meaning and even of the desirability of its use at all has been debated. The term, indeed, raises the question as to how far it is possible to distinguish a definitely beneficial association between two or more organisms from certain states of parasitism on the one hand and from complex ecological associations on the other. For the purpose of the present discussion, it seems desirable to define the term symbiosis as implying some evidence that the partners in the association each receive some benefit from it. We can then see how far the examples that will now be described satisfy this criterion. I propose to begin by considering an association in which there is clear evidence of such mutual benefit, that of the nodule-forming bacteria of the genus Rhizobium with their leguminous host plants. This association provides exceptional facilities for studying symbiotic adaptation, first because the bacteria can readily be grown in laboratory media, and in some cases the host plant can easily be grown on agar, either aseptically or supplied only with a pure culture of a bacterial strain. Thus a study can be made of the effect on the symbiosis not only of different naturally occurring strains of Rhizobium on different species and varieties of legume, but also of genetically determined changes both in the bacterium and in its host plant. Secondly, because the environmental conditions of the host plant can readily be varied and their effects on the symbiosis can be studied, and thirdly because we have, in the number of nodules, a measure of infection and in the quantity of nitrogen fixed, a measure of the effectiveness of the symbiosis.


A wideband LNA from 0.1–3 GHz, is designed in 90nm CMOS technology by applying positive-negative feedback to the conventional differential CG-LNA. The gain increases with simultaneous reduction in noise figure as a result of increase in overall effective transconductance due to application of both positive and negative feedback. Also, the positive-negative feedback improves linearity by cancellation of third harmonic. The design uses multi-fingered MOS transistors resulting in lowering of NF. The wideband input and output matching networks used provide better matching over the wideband. The LNA exhibits a voltage gain of 17 dB as its maximum value with flatness over the band, minimum noise figure of 2.73 dB. S11, S22< −10 dB. The LNA shows an IIP3 of −0.867 dBm (at 1.575 GHz) while the core consumes 2.56 mA current from a 2 V supply.


Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) consisting of solar PV and wind as a primary source is a prominent
solution for the future world's energy needs. HRES provides energy security, a reduction in operating cost, and also
a decrease in emanation of greenhouse gases. But optimal sizing of HRES components and power management is
the challenging task for the design of HRES. In this paper grid-connected solar/wind/battery hybrid system is
developed to meet the load demand of a selected location. In this work, a novel constraint of Grid Dependency Ratio
(GDR) is proposed to achieve the optimal sizing of HRES components and powermanagement using Genetic
Algorithm (GA). The proposed HRES is simulated in MATLAB using practical load data and meteorological data of
solar and wind.


HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr 2020;9(5):669-672 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/hbsn-20-498 The high complication rate of pancreatic resections and the poor oncologic outcome of pancreatic and periampullary malignancies cannot be explained by just a single factor. There are, however, some underlying elements that affect both surgical outcomes and cancer prognosis. Nutritional status and nutritional support/therapy are among these factors, as they strongly impact on both surgical recovery (1) and cancer survival (2). Additionally, pancreatic cancer entails specific nutritional and metabolic derangements (3) that can lead to immunological deterioration and further enhance tumor aggressiveness (4). Approximately 66% of the patients with pancreas cancer are malnourished (5). Nutritional assessment, support, and therapy are all recommended in pancreatic surgery (1). In a recent article Seika and coworkers reported on the outcome of 1,384 open pancreatoduonectomies for pancreatic and periampullary cancer. Results were reported based on patients' body mass index (BMI). BMI was found to predict early outcome and long-term survival. In detail, obesity (BMI >30.0 kg/m) was associated with increased frequency of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage, postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), bile leakage, wound infection, SIRS/sepsis, and need for reoperation. Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m), on the other hand, was shown to have higher 30and 90-day mortality and inferior long-term survival, despite lower incidence of post-operative complications and similar histopathology parameters (6). Higher mortality in underweight patients, despite lower incidence of postoperative complications, means high failure to rescue. Failure to rescue is a relatively new quality metric indicating the proportion of patients who are not rescued following potentially treatable complications (7). In the context of uniform postoperative management policy, higher failure to rescue clearly demonstrates the frailty of underweight patients. BMI is recommended by the World Health Organization to assess nutritional status, mainly in the assumption that it defines the excess of fat storage. In adults, a BMI <18.5 kg/m corresponds to underweight, a BMI ≥25 kg/m to overweight, and a BMI ≥30 kg/m to obesity (8). BMI, however, can miss important nutritional conditions, such as sarcopenia, thus providing only a rough picture of nutritional status. Underweight, in cancer patients, is associated with low performance status (5), and often means cachexia. Cachexia is a complex syndrome, including weight loss, marked by muscle wasting, increased muscle protein catabolism, insulin resistance and inflammation (5). Cachexia was associated with poor outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy (9). Obesity, at the other extreme of BMI spectrum, is also a complex syndrome characterized by type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and increased risk for development of several cancers (10). Actually, some patients may be metabolically obese despite normal weight making metabolic profile potentially more relevant than BMI in defining the risks associated with obesity. Patients who are metabolically obese, despite normal weight phenotype, show Editorial


The use of Pareto dominance for fitness evaluation has been the mainstream in evolutionary multiobjective optimization for the last two decades. Recently, it has been pointed out in some studies that Pareto dominance-based algorithms do not always work well on multiobjective problems with many objectives. Scalarizing function-based fitness evaluation is a promising alternative to Pareto dominance especially for the case of many objectives. A representative scalarizing function-based algorithm is MOEA/D (multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition) of Zhang & Li (2007). Its high search ability has already been shown for various problems. One important implementation issue of MOEA/D is a choice of a scalarizing function because its search ability strongly depends on this choice. It is, however, not easy to choose an appropriate scalarizing function for each multiobjective problem. In this paper, we propose an idea of using different types of scalarizing functions simultaneously. For example, both the weighted Tchebycheff (Chebyshev) and the weighted sum are used for fitness evaluation. We examine two methods for implementing our idea. One is to use multiple grids of weight vectors and the other is to assign a different scalarizing function alternately to each weight vector in a single grid.


This study examines whether there are any significant differences between accounting students enrolled in Internet-based courses and accounting students attending campus-based courses in terms of self-efficacy, academic goal, anxiety, gender, and self-assessment of performance. The study is motivated by the many calls for research to apply social cognitive theory to determine factors of motivation and consequently success of accounting students in an online education environment.
Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986) is used to develop the hypotheses tested in the current study. Three groups of hypotheses were developed. The first group of hypotheses tests the relationships among academic self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy, Internet self-efficacy, and academic goal. The second group of hypotheses tests the relationships among academic self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy, Internet self-efficacy, computer anxiety, Internet anxiety, gender and instruction mode. The third group of hypotheses tests the relationships among academic self-efficacy, academic goal, computer self-efficacy, Internet self-efficacy, computer anxiety, Internet anxiety, gender, instruction mode and self-assessment of performance.
The study's results support the hypothesis that Internet self-efficacy is a significant predictor of whether accounting students will enroll in campus-based courses or Internet-based courses when they have the choice of instruction mode. The results also indicate that gender is a significant predictor of instruction mode. Moreover, the results indicate that academic self-efficacy is a significant predictor of accounting students' academic goals. Finally, the results indicate that computer self-efficacy, Internet self-efficacy, academic goal, academic self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and Internet anxiety are significant predictors of accounting students' self-assessment of performance.


Introduced in this paper is the application of fuzzy control to such electrical home appliances as automatic washing machine, air-conditioner, refrigerator and so on. Also discussed is the development trend of electrical home appliances based on the latest technology.


Nowadays flexible, light weight and wearable microelectronic device has received many interests due to increasing demand in modern society. To power up such device, integrated energy storage device based on wearable martial like textile are important. This thesis outline a wearable supercapacitor device based on normal textile martial via simple "dipping and hand printing" process using carbon paste. The textile carbon electrode achieves resistivity of 22.9 Ωcm-2 with good uniformity profile of carbon compounds. Supercapacitor made by these electrodes gives high areal capacitance of 0.246Fcm-2 with Specific capacitance over 100 Fg-1. These conductive textiles are able to give new possibility for wearable electronics and energy storage devices.


We establish a unified approach to stability and ℒ2 gain analysis for switched linear descriptor systems under arbitrary switching in both continuous-time and discrete-time domains. The approach is based on common quadratic Lyapunov functions incorporated with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). We show that if there is a common quadratic Lyapunov function for stability of all subsystems, then the switched system is stable under arbitrary switching. Furthermore, we show that if there is a common quadratic Lyapunov function for stability and certain ℒ2 gain of all subsystems, then the switched system is stable and has the same ℒ2 gain under arbitrary switching. The analysis results are natural extensions of the existing results for switched linear state space systems.


Current state-of-the-art dense correspondence algorithms establish correspondences between pair of images by searching for a flow field that minimizes the distance between local signatures (e.g., color histogram, SIFT descriptor) of aligned pixels while preserving smoothness. Agnostic to the global signatures (e.g., object membership, category of object), these local signatures face difficulties in resolving alignment ambiguities when scene content undergoes type and configuration variation. In this paper, we investigate the effect of adding shape correspondence constraints either in the form of pair of corresponding contour fragments or pair of closed curves. We find the shape does not play a significant role in optical flow and stereo correspondence but it does play a significant role when scene content changes are large. We also explore using object proposals as a way of providing shape constraints with encouraging results.


This study analyzed the fatty acids composition and their profile qualitatively and quantitatively of the nine abundant macroalgal specimens collecting from Egyptian coasts. GC mass analysis identified 23 types, including 13 of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and 10 of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUSFA). SFA dominated with 78%, while MUFAs had 22%, and UFAs were negligible at 0.01%. MUSFA oleic acid (omega-9) was present in all species except green macroalgae Galaxura rugosa and Ulva fasciata, replaced by MUSFA linoleic acid (omega-6). Oleic acid methyl ester (omega-9) was registered in all the studied species, except red Hypnea cornuta & Jania rubens, and brown Hormophysa cuneiformis. Chlorophyta registered 35% of the fatty acid composition, followed by Rhodophyta (33%) and Phaeophyta (32%). Major SFAs were palmitic acid glycidyl ester, oleic acid glycidyl ester and palmitic methyl ester, comprising over half of total fatty acids. Red and brown macroalgae were richer in palmitic and oleic glycidyl esters, while green macroalgae had more palmitic methyl ester. Linoleic acid, nonadecylic acid, elaidic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl, behenic acid, pentacosylic acid, palmitic acid, and trans-palmitoleic acid were exclusively identified in Chlorophyta. Lacceroic acid was distinguished in Rhodophyta, whereas pelargonic acid just appeared in brown alga Turbinaria turbinata. The maximum values of fatty acids were recorded in the green macroalga Caulerpa racemosa while reed macroalga Hypnea cornuta.was the minimum one. The research sheds light on the fatty acid composition and its potential implications for human health and nutrition.


It has been known for years that green public procurement can stimulate innovation. Even so, all initiatives to promote it have not sufficiently changed the procurement process in municipalities so far. What are the reasons for this? This article presents on the one hand the search for possible reasons – so-called hurdles – with the help of hurdle analysis, and on the other hand a self-evaluation tool for municipalities to identify, analyse and overcome hurdles to green procurement.

Hence the hurdle analysis offers a questionnaire to identify hurdles, three assessment methods and a workshop to generate strategies to deal with the most relevant hurdles. With the self-evaluation tool every municipality will be enabled to accomplish such an analysis and to identify key persons and decision elements within its procurement process, as well as fixing responsibilities and generating solutions on their own. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


With this new development the scientific scene changed. The cultivation of applied science soon fell almost exclusively to England due to her national character, wealth and capital, and a natural aptitude for practical application. This had been done with great honour, and great benefits had accrued to the world from this accomplishment. The road to applied science had distracted Englishmen from the investigation of the laws of nature. The reviewer saw that most of the inventive genius of the nation had been pressed into new service with the separation of the role of the discoverer and inventor. This new trend affected the study of science, because practical overtones in scientific study took precedence. The reviewer, then, was willing to concede that if England no longer had many discoverers, she had many inventors. He advocated that England keep to her new path, and abandon the old. Of course that meant giving up the "specious glory" of contributing, new discoveries; "but we may console ourselves for this loss, by the consideration, that we are acquiring the gratitude of the world by promoting, in so efficient a manner, the improvement of its condition by our efforts." 84 As we look back on this discussion in England concerning her position in scientific fields, we cannot help but set it within the contextual framework of the political life of the time. Was not this movement merely a part of the great reforming energy in England in the early nineteenth century? The period most marked by agitation coincided exactly with that of the period of the first reform bill. And again, did not this whole discussion reflect in the period a great interest in science, not a contempt or ignorance of it? Could English science be in decline with such scientists as Davy, Young, Wollaston, Faraday, or Herschel? The zeal for reconsidering England's role was a healthy one. This transitional period required new evaluation of techniques, not within science itself, but in the efficient transmission of scientific ideas into action. And, of course, one senses a national pride which demanded satisfaction. With England supreme in trade, wealth, and convinced of the advantages of her government system, should she not also lay claim to the title of a great scientific nation? True, English science was tinged with a pragmatism that was perhaps lacking in certain continental states, but the onrushing industrial revolution in England tended to emphasize this. This agitation, then, served as a stimulus for considering England and her position in scientific endeavours, and had the healthy result of reforming many of the faults that were found. But the basic scientific foundation remained as a sure ground to work on, and to continue the glories of British science.


The budget reconciliation process is one of the chief tools used by Congress during the past quarter-century to implement major changes in budget policy. Following a brief overview of the budget reconciliation process and the current budget policy context, this report provides information on the consideration of budget reconciliation legislation in 2005, during the first session of the 109th Congress.


Salt loading on pigeons (C. livia) had stimulatory effects on brain amines (dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine), corticosterone, norepinephrine and epinephrine contents of adrenal gland. Conjoint administration of dopamine with hypertonic saline restored the brain amines and corticosterone of adrenal gland, but had no effect on catecholamine (CAM) contents of adrenal medulla. The excessive release of CAM in the plasma indicates sympathetic stimulation after both the treatments.


Elizabeth F. Hiltunen, MS, RN, CS, is a Clinical Research Coordinator in the Department of Health and Social Behavior at Harvard School of Public Health, and is a Fellow in Medical Ethics at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Cynthia Medich, PhD, RN, is a Research Fellow at the University of Massachusetts-Lowell in Lowell. Susan Chase, EdD, RN, CS, is an Associate Professor at the Boston College School of Nursing. Lynn Peterson, MD, is an Associate Professor of Surgery and an Associate Professor of Medical Ethics at Harvard Medical School, and is Director of the Ethics Service at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. Lachlan Forrow, MD, is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and is Director of the Ethics Support Service and Palliative Care Programs at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.


Seattle rain smelled different from New Orleans rain…. New Orleans rain smelled of sulfur and hibiscus, trumpet metal, thunder, and sweat. Seattle rain, the widespread rain of the Great Northwest, smelled of green ice and sumi ink, of geology and silence and minnow breath. Tom Robbins, Jitterbug Perfume


Abstract : Recent information is summarized and applied to a more quantitative interpretation of shock sensitivity (gap) test values than previously available. It was found that a GO in this test means that the witness plate is subjected to a shockwave of 95 kbar pressure or more; a NO GO for high energy explosives and propellants most probably occurs because of the physical condition of the test material. Sensitivity ordering by shock amplitude at the end of the gap was the same as that obtained from induced pressures in ten materials for which the comparison could be made. The appendix compares gap and wedge test results for explosives; the comparison suggests that both are part of a continuous curve showing the shock initiation behavior of the material at varying pressure levels. (Author)


In the aftermath of twentieth-century wars writing was, perhaps, one of the very few means available to work through horror and misery. Because of its ability to configure imagined spaces, literature became a way out of reality as much as a door into its deepest waters. In writing, authors managed to dissect terror from the safety of imagination. They also contrived to replace ruins and wreckage with hope for the future and possibility. This is particularly true of poetry. In their retrieval of fragments of the past, poets like Ezra Pound, elicited an emotional response to what seemed an impossible situation; sought an answer and a form of representation to the illegibility of a discourse also shattered by war. Their poetry offered a way out of mourning and desperation; opened paths to social reconstruction. It could be said, thence, that, as a leading proponent of this type of modernist poetry, in his Cantos Pound develops a literary language that, despite being undoubtedly influenced by previous tradition – particularly by Fenollosa's ideogram, produces a new understanding of memory and history. Pound elaborates a language that helps humanity overcome the boundaries of the written word that had potentially lost meaning, logic and sequence. He perceives historical deeds as experiences that can (and should) be retrieved in poetry and deems writing an act of memory. Pound's fragment retrieval is both metaphorical and literal, seeking to recover hopeful instances of the past as he searches for the unifying constituent of diverse elements. This article examines the interaction of images and words as Pound's new theory of the poetic image, through which the poet favors natural associations and tries to restore historical pasts. In the midst of outright destruction, Pound's Cantos are said to construct landscapes that break linear chronologies to find the common threat of the present and the past. In so doing, he fills a shattered reality back with hope and light.


This paper was presented in session one - dry environments. The discussion evaluates results from ARRB field studies made on Australian flexible pavements. While centred mainly in drier localities these results are of direct application in all areas except, perhaps, very wet tropical regions where inundations are common and prolonged. It is intended to recommend how important findings could be applied profitably to flexible pavement design and construction. Initially, surveys were made of the characteristics of the physical environments. Important findings from the surveys were incorporated in design and construction of field trials. Many conclusions from both surveys and trials are now suggested for current pavement design and construction practice.


The development of information technology can be accessed anytime and anywhere only by connecting to the internet. With a very large number of internet users, Indonesia is a potential market share for online shop business people. Digital media channels are online communication techniques used to achieve the goals of brand awareness, familiarity, enjoyment, and to influence buying interest by encouraging digital media users to visit the website. Cleo Oxygen chooses Instagram as a marketing communication channel and influencers as a means of promoting a product. The focus of the problem in this research is how influencer-based digital marketing communication strategies on Instagram Cleo Oxygen are in an effort to increase brand awareness. The researcher uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, for the theory used in this study is the theory of Viral Marketing Strategy according to Chaffey in his book. The results of the study show that the influencer-based digital marketing strategy on Cleo Oxygen's Instagram has an impact on (brand awerness) public trust in Cleo Oxygen products, and is evidenced by the large number of impressions and likes in a post where the influencer is able to influence his followers to participate. consume this Cleo Oxygen product. The positive responses in the comments column of the post show that the Cleo Oxygen product has been accepted by the public on the internet.


The present study was carried out to assess the reproduction of Persian Gulf anemone fish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830), in captive conditions with artificial features. Persian Gulf, having good relation with Indian Ocean, is one of the important niches of fishes and the specific position of this Gulf makes its fishes popular. The yellow tail clown fish which originates to this gulf has the best survival rate and health than the other areas. Live food is the most important factor in production of this species and enrichment of their live prey with probionts improve the nutritional value of fish's diet.


The interface between structure and coarse grained soil was found to exhibit remarkable coupling of shear stress-strain relationship in both the directions due to three-dimensional shear application based on test results.The magnitude of principal shear strain is only dependent on the magnitude of principal shear stress.A three-dimensional constitutive model and its numerical scheme were then developed based on the elastoplasticity damage theory,which was programmed and used to predict the response of soil-structure interface.The model and its numerical scheme were confirmed to reasonably characterize main behaviors including the coupling of shear stress-strain relations of the interface between structure and coarse grained soil,which may have much effect on the response of interface.


Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) silica microresonators are a particularly unique group of microcavities in the sense that they can confine light inside the device for an extended period of time while maintaining a high quality (Q) factor due to the total internal reflection. As a result, WGM resonators have high circulating optical power, which can cause nonlinear optical processes such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). It has been demonstrated that SRS has been observed in various WGM silica microresonators with the sub-mW Raman lasing threshold. However, in case of the Raman lasing efficiency, it is limited by the intrinsic property of silica itself, which is the Raman gain coefficient. Therefore, in the present work, we introduce a hybrid silica toroidal microcavity in order to enhance the Raman lasing efficiency. First, we synthesize a suite of silica sol-gels doped with a range of Zirconium (Zr) concentrations and integrate the material with silica toroidal microresonator. The intrinsic Raman gain of the Zr-doped silica is measured using Raman spectroscopy, and the values show a clear dependence on Zr dopant concentrations. The lasing performance is characterized using a 765 nm pump source, and the Raman emissions for the coated devices are detected at 790 nm and longer. The lasing emission and characteristic threshold curves are quantified using both an optical spectrum analyzer and an optical spectrograph. The lasing slope efficiency of exhibits a marked increase from 3.37% to 47.43% as the Zr concentration increases due to the Raman gain improvement. These values are particularly notable as they are the unidirectional, not bidirectional, lasing efficiencies.


Three-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride(CHPTMAC),a cationic etherifying agent,is an important cationic monomer in modifying starch,cellulose and the other natural polymers.It is prepared by the reaction of tertiary amine or tertiary amine salt with epichlorohydrin(ECH).This article describes the methods of its synthesis,purification and impurity detection.


Guided by the diagnostic nosology, anxiety patients are expected to show defensive hyperarousal during affective challenge, irrespective of the principal phenotype. In the current study, patients representing the whole spectrum of anxiety disorders (i.e., specific phobia, social phobia, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)), and healthy community control participants, completed an imagery‐based fear elicitation paradigm paralleling conventional intervention techniques. Participants imagined threatening and neutral narratives as physiological responses were recorded. Clear evidence emerged for exaggerated reactivity to clinically relevant imagery—most pronounced in startle reflex responding. However, defensive propensity varied across principal anxiety disorders. Disorders characterized by focal fear and impairment (e.g., specific phobia) showed robust fear potentiation. Conversely, for disorders of long‐enduring, pervasive apprehension and avoidance with broad anxiety and depression comorbidity (e.g., PTSDsecondary to cumulative trauma, GAD), startle responses were paradoxically diminished to all aversive contents. Patients whose expressed symptom profiles were intermediate between focal fearfulness and broad anxious‐misery in both severity and chronicity exhibited a still heightened but more generalized physiological propensity to respond defensively. Importantly, this defensive physiological gradient—the inverse of self‐reported distress—was evident not only between but also within disorders. These results highlight that fear circuitry could be dysregulated in chronic, pervasive anxiety, and preliminary functional neuroimaging findings suggest that deficient amygdala recruitment could underlie attenuated reflex responding. In summary, adaptive defensive engagement during imagery may be compromised by long‐term dysphoria and stress—a phenomenon with implications for prognosis and treatment planning.


BACKGROUND
Post-stroke rehabilitation should begin immediately and continue while improvement is seen. After stroke, patients are at risk of developing medical complications, which can hinder optimal recovery.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to determine the incidence of complications occurring during early inpatient rehabilitation and to assess their influence on patients' functionality.

METHODS
For 1075 patients (585 men), we recorded neurological deficits, activities of everyday living, functionality before and after rehabilitation, and the incidence of complications. The main measure of functional outcome was the discharge Barthel Index score.

RESULTS
At least one complication was reported by 76.9% of patients, and 20% experienced three or more complications. The most common problems were: urinary tract infection (23.2%), depression (18.9%), falls (17.9%), unstable hypertension (17.6%), and shoulder pain (14.9%). Patients with a severe discharge disability were 2.5-fold more likely to experience complications than subjects with a mild disability.

CONCLUSIONS
Complications during the post stroke rehabilitation process had a significantly decreased chance for improvement. Knowledge of the most common type of complications, as well as their early prevention and treatment, may improve patient outcomes.


New measurement concepts were established for the development and optimization of the first fully position‐adaptive autostereoscopic display for automotive 3D instrument clusters. The associated methods enable a parametric determination of the overall performance of the 3D system to find a measure of customer perception and optimize it by its specific parameters.


The Journal recently published an epidemiological study by Hauptmann et al. (1) that focused on formaldehyde exposure and mortality from lymphohematopoietic cancer among embalmers. It concludes that duration of embalming practice is " . . . associated with statistically significantly increased risk of mortality from myeloid leukemia." The study is based on 6808 embalmers who died from 1960 to 1985 and were included in three earlier proportional mortality ratio studies (2–4). No proportional mortality ratios are presented in the new study, and so we calculated several. Comparison was with deaths among white men who were aged 25 years or older in the United States in 1979, the likely median year of deaths among the embalmers. For all lymphohematopoietic cancers, the proportional mortality ratio was 90 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 76 to 106) and, for the myeloid leukemias, it was 108 (95% CI = 70 to 156), which was based on 29 deaths. The proportional mortality ratio of 128 (95% CI = 35 to 328) for nasopharyngeal cancer was based on four deaths among the embalmers. Proportional mortality ratio studies have limitations and may be misleading. However, we suggest that their principal limitation (self-selection into the study group) is minimal in the embalmers study because of the geographic range (virtually nationwide) and time span of their starting employment (50 or more years). Interviews with coworkers and next of kin of the decedent embalmers were conducted in 1990–1992. These interviews related to occupational exposures that occurred from the 1920s through 1985. Participation rates are not provided for these interviews. Six indices of formaldehyde exposure were derived for each subject from the interviews and from the


Chronic helminth infection with Schistosoma (S.) mansoni protects against allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in mice and is associated with reduced Th2 responses to inhaled allergens in humans, despite the presence of schistosome‐specific Th2 immunity. Schistosome eggs strongly induce type 2 immunity and allow to study the dynamics of Th2 versus regulatory responses in the absence of worms. Treatment with isolated S. mansoni eggs by i.p. injection prior to induction of AAI to ovalbumin (OVA)/alum led to significantly reduced AAI as assessed by less BAL and lung eosinophilia, less cellular influx into lung tissue, less OVA‐specific Th2 cytokines in lungs and lung‐draining mediastinal lymph nodes and less circulating allergen‐specific IgG1 and IgE antibodies. While OVA‐specific Th2 responses were inhibited, treatment induced a strong systemic Th2 response to the eggs. The protective effect of S. mansoni eggs was unaltered in μMT mice lacking mature (B2) B cells and unaffected by Treg cell depletion using anti‐CD25 blocking antibodies during egg treatment and allergic sensitization. Notably, prophylactic egg treatment resulted in a reduced influx of pro‐inflammatory, monocyte‐derived dendritic cells into lung tissue of allergic mice following challenge. Altogether, S. mansoni eggs can protect against the development of AAI, despite strong egg‐specific Th2 responses.


I propose a consumption-based asset pricing model with disappointment aversion to investigate the link between downside consumption risk and expected returns across asset markets. I find that the disappointment model can explain 95% of the cross-sectional variation in size/book-to-market portfolios and more than 80% of the variation in the joint sample of stocks, bonds, and commodity futures. I also show that the performance of the disappointment model is comparable to that of the Fama-French three-factor specification, regardless of the sample frequency (annual, quarterly). Overall, my results indicate that disappointment aversion considerably improves the fit of consumption-based asset pricing models.Received November 27, 2014; editorial decision September 18, 2016 by Editor Stefan Nagel.


An object-sensing device for motor vehicles comprising a sender/receiver pair (2, 3) for an infrared reflex signal produced by an object (8) located in the direction of motion of the vehicle classifies objects as critical only if this is actually the case. To this end, a distinction is made between the states (I, II) of clear and troubled vision and a corresponding warning signal is given, relatively rarely in the former case and relatively frequently in the latter case. Switching between the two states is effected either automatically by a fog sensor or manually with the aid of an operating mode selector (4).


Spectrum is a very valuable resource in wireless communication systems, and it is focal point for research and development effortsover the last several decades.The Cognitive Radio network, which is one of the efforts to utilize the available spectrum more efficiently through opportunistic spectrum usage, has become an exciting and promising concept. It works on principle of dynamic spectrum management, that helps secondary user to use opportunistically the licensed spectrum belonging to primary user. To implement it ,detecting the absence of primary signal which is technically called detecting a spectrum hole is needed . Sensing the available spectrum opportunities implies estimation of spectrum usage in time, frequency, space, angle, and code; identifying opportunities in these dimensions; and developing effective algorithms for prediction into the future using past information .In this paper, the spectrum opportunity and spectrum sensing concepts are studied and various sensing protocols have also been reviewed Keywords—component; PUs,SUs, Wavelet transform, Spectrum hole ,FBSE,MTSE etc.


ABSTRACT The paper presents an in-depth analysis of a shared mother-toddler book-reading activity. We build on critiques of progressive approaches to child education and warn against the subtle subversion of children's agency. Our praxis-based analysis interprets the child's initiatives as they emerge dynamically during the interaction, revealing their underlying systematic structure independently of the predetermined trajectory prescribed by the mother's goals and guidance. We argue that an account of child agency must consider the uneven power dynamics between children and adults and how it influences the child's legitimacy to affect transformation that transcends their initial position in the activity.


Decomposition-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms provide a good framework for static multi-objective optimization. Nevertheless, there are few studies on their use in dynamic optimization. To solve dynamic multi-objective optimization problems, this paper integrates the framework into dynamic multi-objective optimization and proposes a memory-enhanced dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on L p decomposition (denoted by dMOEA/D- L p ). Specifically, dMOEA/D- L p decomposes a dynamic multi-objective optimization problem into a number of dynamic scalar optimization subproblems and coevolves them simultaneously, where the L p decomposition method is adopted for decomposition. Meanwhile, a subproblem-based bunchy memory scheme that stores good solutions from old environments and reuses them as necessary is designed to respond to environmental change. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the L p decomposition method in dynamic multi-objective optimization. Moreover, the proposed dMOEA/D- L p achieves better performance than other popular memory-enhanced dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithms.


e21552Background: Lung cancer has not declined in U.S. women as much as it has in men over the past 20 years despite similar rates of smoking cessation among the genders. We explored whether differ...


The AC behavior of absorbed parasitic series resistances of MOSFET models were compared to the conventional lumped resistance approach both theoretically and with real device values. The result suggested that absorbing the parasitic channel series resistances into the current description decreases the AC accuracy of the MOS model compared to conventional model with lumped resistances. Comparison were made with the input, output and gain and backward gain characteristics and it seems that the largest differences can be seen in the input and output behavior. The simple theoretical study of the two modeling approaches is confirmed by empirical comparisons of an 80 x 1.0 mum x 90 nm NMOS device characteristics up to 110 GHz.


GA2 is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and excretion of metabolites of flavoprotein dehydrogenases that transfer electrons to the respiratory chain via ETF and ETF DH. Defects in these proteins have been proposed to explain the discrepancy between the apparent dehydrogenase deficiencies in vivo and in whole mutant fibroblasts, and their normal catalytic activities when asayed in vitro.Antisera to pork liver ETF and ETF DH were raised in rabbits; both cross-reacted with human mitochondrial proteins of the same molecular weights. Normal human fibroblasts produce CRM+ poly-peptides, as shown by Western blotting and localization with peroxidase-conjugated antirabbit IgG. Of four GA2 lines examined, two (unrelated patients with neonatal onset and congenital anomalies) were CRM- for ETF DH and CRM+ for both ETF subunits. The two remaining lines (neonatal onset w/o anomalies) were CRM+ for ETF DH; one was deficient in both ETF subunits and the other was deficient only in the a polypeptide. Study of liver mitochondria confirmed CRM- for ETF DH in one patient, also showing a decrease in the characteristic EPR signal of ETF DH, and confirmed CRM- for the α polypeptide of ETF in another.These results show that there is a defect in this branch of the respiratory chain in GA2, and that there is biochemical and (probably) genetic heterogeneity in the condition.


Recebido: 13 de julho de 2018 Aceito para publicação: 14 de outubro de 2019 Publicado: 31 de dezembro de 2019 Editor de área: Kamilla Vasconcelos ABSTRACT Knowledge of pavement Resilience Modules (RM) is an important element for the structural assessment of exis ng infrastructures. One way to determine them is through dynamic repeated load tes ng in the laboratory; another way is to use the technique of retroanalysis, which consists in obtaining the RM from the thickness of the layers and the deflec ons measured on the pavement surface. In this sense, this paper aims to present the RM retroanalysis through the technique of Ar ficial Neural Networks (ANN) as an alterna ve to the tradi onal retroanalysis. The results demonstrate that the ANN could predict the RM with results of coefficients of determina on (R2) above 99.9% between the reference and predicted values. Thus, ANN are a poten al alterna ve to obtain this important mechanical property of paving materials compared to tradi onal methods.


Do you have a retirement savings account with a previous employer or an IRA? Yes No Would you like help consolidating your other retirement accounts into your account with Empower Retirement?* Yes, I would like a representative to call me at phone # to review my options and assist me with the process. The best time to call is to A.M./ P.M. (circle one available 8:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. MST). *Rollovers are subject to your Plan's provisions.


Objective
To observe the clinical effect of massage combined with warm acupuncture and moxibustion on primary frozen shoulder.

Methods
From April 2018 to April 2019, 30 patients with primary frozen shoulder admitted and treated in Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected in theresearch.According to different admission time, they were divided into observation group and control group, with 15 patients in each group.The control group was treated with warm acupuncture and moxibustion, while the observation group was combined with massage.The total effective rate and VAS pain score after treatment were compared and observed.

Results
The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.33%, which was higher than 73.33% in the control group (χ2=3.294, P<0.05). The VAS score of the observation group was (1.05±0.22)points after treatment, which was lower than (3.13±0.43)points of the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=2.493, P=0.000).

Conclusion
Massage combined with warm acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of primary frozen shoulder is more effective than the single treatment method, which can relieve the pain of patients and is a safe and effective treatment.

Key words:
Shoulder pain; Acupuncture therapy; Manipulation; Primary frozen shoulder; VAS pain score; Treatment effect


There are two types of singularities in the linear thermoelasticity.The first one arises in the field of stresses if a force is applied to one point of the body.This singularity is physical and should be accepted.The second type of singularities is nonphysical and they arise in the fields of displacements and temperatures.There exist the nonlocal theories and gradient theories which have the goal to introduce the finite stresses instead of the infinite ones.The MAC model of the thermoelasticity is created to avoid the nonphysical singularities and it accepts the infinite stresses.MAC is the method of additional conditions,which allows introducing the new model to use the classical model,plus additional condition of the physical nonsingularity and/or condition of the good behavior of the solutions at infinity.The MAC Green′s functions for the heat conduction and for the elasticity could be introduced using the differential MAC models.The infinite and finite bodies are considered.The principle of superposition is applied to obtain the integral equations to solve the boundary value problems.The strength criteria based on finite stresses could be changed in this model because the infinite stresses are allowed.The strength criteria based on deformations are applicable.Classification of MAC models is given.


Sibling violence can be defined as the intentional verbal, physical or psychological/emotional abuse inflicted by a sibling on another in a repeated pattern. The study aimed to assess the occurrence of verbal, physical and psychological/emotional violence among siblings. This descriptive study included 50 adolescent siblings aged 10 – 19 years residing in selected areas of Delhi selected using convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results revealed that 70% of the samples had very low, 28% moderate and 2% had very high occurrence of sibling violence. The occurrence of verbal abuse was the highest followed by psychological abuse and then physical abuse. Results confirmed earlier studies' findings that siblings engaged in a variety of violent acts directed towards one another. Nevertheless our study reaffirmed the observation that sibling violence is an understudied phenomenon and one which is worthy of more considerable attention. This study concludes with giving emphasis on the urgent need to screen adolescents for sibling violence, build awareness about sibling violence and educate families to differentiate between abusive and sibling rivalry. Effective parenting techniques should be deployed so that proper mental health services are provided at the earliest to the victims.


Abstract This article examines the presidential nomination process and proposes reform that includes shortening the primary calendar and ordering the states by voter turnout in the previous presidential general election.


SHP-2 is a non-transmembrane and protein tyrosine phosphatase,its N terminus domain C-SH2 is cloned into pGEX-2T vector and named as pGEX-2T-C-SH2.The fusion protein is expressed in Escherichia coli and as the supernatant of lysate.The purity of target protein is about 98% after GSTcolumn and FPLC purification.The MS data confirms the molecular weight of the protein,which is very close to the theoretical value.Under the optimized conditions for the purification of C-SH2,the yield of the purified protein is estimated to be 12 mg from 1 L of M9 minimal media.NMR analysis indicates that the protein is properly folded,and existed in a well-ordered structure.


Polarized microwaves are used for fiber orientation measurements in composites. The sample is placed in an open resonator system. Resonator length or frequency can be tuned while the intensity of the reflected microwave signal is recorded. For every direction of polarization versus fiber orientation, the resonator length (frequency) is correspondingly readjusted in a feedback circuitry. Direction and degree of anisotropy are determined from the direction dependence. The influence of sample position on the result can be used to improve the determination of the degree of anisotropy.


some of which were presumably meningoencephalitis, can be traced as far back as the beginning of the eighteenth century, according to the historians Comby (1935) and Rolleston (1937). In this series 10 cases were encountered over a short period-three in the second quarter of 1951, from the Borough of Wembley, and seven between September, 1951, and June, 1953, widely distributed in the boroughs surrounding Neasden Hospital, a further two being from Wembley. The well-known protean character of the disease, and its tendency to occur in little groups, were well illustrated by these cases, but no light was thrown


We consider quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates and study the properties of matter-wave bright solitons within the framework information theoretic approach. In the limit of negligible trapping effect, we calculate Shannon entropy, Fisher information and R{'e}nyi entropy for different mean-field interaction, and study the interplay between group velocity dispersion and nonlinear atomic interaction. We see that information theoretic approach can clearly reveal localization and delocalization properties of matter-wave density distribution. In all the cases, entropic uncertainties are found to be satisfied.


The more I understand the Southslavic poetry and the nature of the unity of the oral poem, the clearer it seems to me that the Iliad and the Odyssey are very exactly, as we have them, each one of them the rounded and finished work of a single singer…. I even figure to myself, just now, the moment when the author of the Odyssey sat and dictated his song, while another, with writing materials, wrote it down verse by verse, even in the way that our singers sit in the immobility of their thought, watching the motion of Nikola's hand across the empty page, when it will tell them it is the instant for them to speak the next verse.


This article is trying to find the major cause of this phenomenon and analyze the current doctor-patient contradiction and conflicts at a different point of view. According the literature and the current status, we prove that this problem can be relieved by system construction, including specifying the circumstances under which the rights of informed consent of patients themselves and the rights of the health care providers can both be guaranteed. Keywords—doctor-patient relationship; medical treatment; patients' satisfaction; medical disputes


Eight populations of Drosophila serrata were used in a factorial design of the type 2 x 2 x 2 to study the influence of some environmental and genetic factors on the productivity and total size of a population under conditions of severe competition. The variables studied were two temperatures (25 C versus 19 C), two feeding schedules (2 versus 3 food units per week), and two genetic compositions (single strain versus two strain hybrid population). The parameters measured were the number of flies, the biomass produced per food unit, and the total population size. The results show that the amount of food is the main factor controlling the number of flies and the biomass produced by a population. The higher temperature has a slight favorable effect on the number of flies, but not on the biomass produced; that is, at 25 C a few more flies are produced but they are lighter. When the flies oviposit in the bottle for a longer time, the number of flies and the biomass produced are increased. The main factor controlling the population size seems to be the living space. An increase of 50 % in the amount of food provided to the population only increases the population size slightly. At the lower temperature, there is an increase in the population size, possibly due to a decrease in the activity of the flies. The hybrid populations are considerably superior to the single strain populations, both in productivity and in total size, presumably owing to the greater genetic variability they offer to the action of natural selection


543 Background: The introduction of adjuvant trastuzumab (T) for early breast cancer overexpressing HER-2 has extraordinarily decreased the risk of both recurrence and death in 5 randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Nevertheless, the issue regarding the long-term safety profile of such drug is still open; in particular, questions remain about long-term cardiotoxicity, and specific pattern of relapse such as brain metastases (BM). In order to quantify the magnitude of these 2 risks, together with the survival outcome, a literature-based meta-analysis was performed. Methods: All phase III trials were considered eligible. A literature-based meta-analysis was accomplished, and event-based relative risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived. A fixed- and a random-effect model according to the inverse variance and the Mantel-Haenzel method were applied. Heterogeneity test was applied as well. Absolute differences (AD) and the number of patients needed to treat or to harm (NNT/NNH) were calcul...


It has been over 10 years since schools in the United States began looking to Singapore to learn from its approach to mathematics education. This interest can be traced to Singapore students' consistently high performance on all four of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Studies (TIMSS), which were conducted in 1995, 1999, 2003, and 2007. Even more important, Singapore has been pursuing excellence and equity, having shown in TIMSS 2003 and 2007 a relatively smaller performance gap than the United States among students from differing socioeconomic backgrounds. As part of TIMSS 1995, a group of researchers conducted an in-depth analysis of curricula from the participating countries. When they summarized the grades 1–8 mathematics scopes and sequences from the six top-performing countries (Singapore, Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Belgium [Flemish-speaking], and the czech Republic), their findings revealed a common, coherent curriculum sequence. The coherence, focus, and rigor found in the top-performing countries stood in sharp contrast to the results for the United States. Examining mathematics standards from 21 states, the researchers found too many mathematics topics per grade and characterized the hodgepodge of standards as "a mile wide and an inch deep." For many educators, researchers, and policymakers, the results ignited great interest in the top-performing countries' mathematics curricula and teaching. Of the six top performers, only Singapore conducts classroom instruction and writes its textbooks in English, a pragmatic decision made at the time of its independence in 1965. Today, Singapore's mathematics textbooks are available in the United States,* so it is tempting to think that there is an easy solution to increasing mathematics achievement here—just adopt the textbooks. But the textbooks are not solely responsible for Singapore's success; these written resources are just one part of a multifaceted approach. Singapore's academic strength lies in its national commitment to high-quality education and the overall Beyond Singapore's Mathematics Textbooks Focused and Flexible Supports for Teaching and Learning


The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of a thermal fluctuation on the emissive active cathode zone. Function of various external conditions, like current intensity, electrodes shapes and surface electrode non-homogeneities, the electrode functioning mode can be diffuse or hot-spot. The two modes are extremely different from the evaporation and sputtering of the emissive layer point of view. In the diffuse mode, the surface temperature distribution is relatively constant and low. The vaporization rate of the barium layer is small. Contrary, in the hot-spot case, the local core temperature of the spot can be higher than of the tungsten melting point temperature (3663 K) and the activator layer is rapidly destroyed. This allows to the lamp lifetime reduction. From this point of view is more convenient to have an electrode operating in diffuse mode. In this work are analyzed what happens with a local thermal fluctuation due to the current discharge pulse superposed on the current injected by the source supply. Are found the conditions when the cathode operation mode passes from diffuse to hot-spot mode and also the conditions when the fluctuations are dumped in time.


Abstract. The article analyses how ideas concerning punishment fulfillment were developing in legislative proposals of normative legal documents of the XVIIIth and early XIXth centuries. The author emphasises the fact that despite the declared humanism, all legislative proposals under examination still considered death penalty as the principal punishment. Nevertheless some modification of the capital punishment did take place: whereas early in the XVIIIth century there were specified two formats of death penalty (ordinary and qualified), the Draft of the Criminal Code of 1813 lists only an ordinary death penalty. Analysis of historic processes and punishment conceptions that are set forth in legislative proposals of the XVIIIth and early XIXth centuries allowed the author to predict further development of domestic legislation in the field of penal sanctions. Keywords: punishment, death penalty, legislation, reforms of the XVIIIth and early XIXth centuries. On October 14, 2010 the government of the Russian Federation adopted the Development Concept for the penitentiary system in the Russian Federation, which is to cover the period till 2020. According to its authors, this Concept is to serve as the foundation, the basis that will facilitate effecting further reforms of the penitentiary system of Russia for the years ahead. General direction of penitentiary system reforms complies with the objectives that are specified in the document itself, namely: enhancing efficiency of penitentiary institutions and agencies; making conditions for convicts more humane, strengthening interaction between the state and the society in matters concerning reforms of the penitentiary system, etc. The presented humanistic ideas root in the past. Historic sources of the Concept can be traced back to the Draft Regulations of the State of Russia of 1723–1726, Draft of the Criminal Code of 1754–1766, legislative proposals of Catherine II known as Catherine the Great (Draft of the Criminal Code of the second half of the 1770's and the1780's, Draft Code of Regulations about Prisons of 1787, etc.), and also to the


1173 Introduction: Amino acids or peptides, as the typically basic biological building blocks, are ideal for generating biofunctional materials. With the advantages of easy synthesis and large space for molecular design, self-assembling peptides are expanding their applications in advanced materials with well-controlled biological activities. We fabricated a fluorescence/ photoacoustic/SPECT three-modal theranostical probe by using polytyrosine and ICG. The probe showed good biocompatibility and 71-fold of fluorescence signal and 51-fold of photoacoustic signal compared with free ICG at 24 h post i.v. injection. This multi-functional probe also showed excellent in vivo tumor inhibition by heat generation under light. We also focus the biosurface-induced supramolecular assemblies for diagnosis and therapy of major diseases. Here we present a dual fluorescent-nuclear probe (Rho-FF-Van) for imaging bacterial infection. Rho-FF-Van showed 13.3-fold higher signal in the MRSA-infected lungs than non-assembling probe in a murine model. As highly sensitive and selective probes for detecting tumor and bacteria infections, these novel multi-modal probes promise new way for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.


The Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) is one of the most successful unifications of private law. However, as more States ratify the Convention, there are more courts with different legal backgrounds and differing levels of preparedness to face the challenge of applying the CMR. Even for the most advanced adjudicators, the application of the CMR is not always a simple task as there remain ambiguities about its content that divide scholars and practitioners. However, some jurisdictions are much less integrated in these debates, and this has obvious effects on their courts and the way the CMR is applied. The purpose of this article is to familiarize readers with the practice of Latvian courts applying the CMR. The CMR has a rather impressive presence in Latvian jurisprudence in terms of quantity. At the same time, courts apply it in an isolated manner, rarely consulting any doctrinal sources and never drawing inspiration from foreign case law. As a result, some of the solutions offered by Latvian courts seem extremely detached from the 'internationally accepted' understanding of the CMR. In fact, even simple legal questions often receive unexpected and, unfortunately, incorrect solutions. Nevertheless, some of the issues raised in these decisions are genuinely difficult to resolve and, therefore, could be useful for other jurisdictions.


Objective: To describe the management of traumatic neuroma of the facial nerve in a child and literature review. Patient: Sixteen-month-old male subject. Intervention: Radiological imaging and surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Facial nerve function. Results: The patient presented at 16 months with a right facial palsy and was found to have a right facial nerve traumatic neuroma. A transmastoid, middle fossa resection of the right facial nerve lesion was undertaken with a successful facial nerve-to-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis. The facial palsy improved postoperatively. Conclusion: A traumatic neuroma should be considered in an infant who presents with facial palsy, even in the absence of an obvious history of trauma. The treatment of such lesion is complex in any age group but especially in young children. Symptoms, age, lesion size, growth rate, and facial nerve function determine the appropriate management.


The development of fintech has driven the rapid growth of e-wallets like Flip, offering a convenient solution for interbank transfers without administrative fees. User reviews on the Play Store serve as crucial feedback for understanding the user experience. This research utilizes aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) in combination with the SVM method to detect opinions, perceptions, and reviews pertaining to Flip's speed, security, and cost aspects. The objective is to provide valuable insights to both users and companies regarding their experiences with Flip in conducting financial transactions. The study employs a dataset comprising 13,500 preprocessed and cleansed data points, followed by TF-IDF vectorization. The data is divided into training and testing sets, utilizing techniques such as the train-test split and K-Fold Cross Validation to assess model performance. GridSearch analysis reveals that specific parameter combinations, notably C=1.0 and test_size=0.1, yield high accuracy across all aspects, with the linear kernel displaying the highest overall accuracy. Model evaluation is conducted using the confusion matrix and classification report, presenting accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores for each aspect. Notably, the Support Vector Machine model performs well, particularly in the speed, security, and cost aspects, where the cost aspect demonstrates exceptionally strong results. In summary, this study employs ABSA to analyze Flip application reviews, with the Support Vector Machine model showcasing impressive performance across various aspects, providing valuable insights for users and companies engaging with Flip's financial transaction services.Keywords: aspect-based sentiment analysis, support vector machine, reviews, Flip


Objective : Recent epidemiologic studies indicate that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. COX-2 expression has been identified in cancers of many organs. There are also many reports that identify COX-2 expression and its possible role in tumorigenesis in cervical cancers. This study was performed to determine wether COX-2 is expressed in cervical cancer and to evaluate the value of COX-2 as a predictor of treatment results. Patients and Methods : The study included 34 cases of stage IB to IVA cervical cancer and 22 cases of normal cervical specimens obtained through biopsy or surgery at the Chungnam National University Hospital. A COX-2 immunohistochemical stain was performed on these specimens. Results : There was a statistically significant difference of COX-2 positivity between the cervical cancer group and a control group (p=0.01, Fisher´s exact test), between the well controlled group and the treatment failure group (p=0.00, Fisher´s exact test) and among stages (p=0.01, linear-by-linear association). The COX-2 positive group had a mean overall survival time of 55 months compared with 80 months for COX-2 negative group (p=0.00, log-rank test). The Locally advanced cervical cancer group (stage IIB-IV A) had a mean overall survival time of 46 months compared with 84 months for early stage disease group (stage IB, II A) (p=0.00, log-rank test). A Cox regression model showed that COX-2 positivity and clinical stages retained independent roles in predicting treatment results and prognosis. Conclusion : Evaluation of COX-2 expression in cervical cancer patients is valuable for predicting the treatment results and prognosis.


The electron gain and loss capability and oxygen diffusion behavior of SOFC anode materials have effects on their catalytic property. In this paper,dielectric behavior and the capability of electron gain and loss for NiO / La2 Mo2O9 composite with 20% and 40% NiO in volume( abbreviated as N / L28 and N / L46,respectively) were studied. According to the order from low to high temperature,the dielectric loss peaks associated with NiO phase and short distance diffusion of oxygen vacancies in La2Mo2O9 phase were observed respectively in both N / L28 and N / L46 samples. The stepwise change of dielectric loss at 833K in both N / L28 and N / L46 samples were attributed to the αLa2Mo2O9-βLa2Mo2O9 phase transition. For N/L46 sample,a broadened dielectric loss peak observed in 500-813K can be fitted by one relaxation peak and two non-relaxation peaks. The results of surface potential measurement using Kelvin probe method indicate that the energy descending order for electron loss was La2Mo2O9,N/L28,N/L46,NiO.


The complexity of Nigerian politics and its attendant weakness in social cohesion constitute a great clog to Nigeria's socio political and economic development. The emergence of new media as hoisted on the internet and its ancillaries like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter etc with their quantum leap in information flow, has impacted greatly on the political landscape. This is bridging the hitherto wide information gap between government and the governed in Nigeria. This paper examines the theoretical basis for new media, using a reflective analytical method; it rationalizes the link between new media and the quest for democratic consolidation in terms of its growing utility for civic engagement in Nigeria's fourth republic. The paper also examines the inherent challenges drawing from Nigeria's experience. This is in addition to a critical foray into the dominant arguments amongst the major divides of the adherents of new media about its efficacy in ingraining democracy. It suggests a multi pronged approach for using new media to tackle the pervasive nature of poverty, the unbridled level of corruption in governance and the challenge of terrorism in the country. With these it is hoped that an atmosphere for a robust engagement between government, business sector and civil society entities can be engendered. This is with the ultimate aim of asserting its reverence as an indispensable effect for democratic consolidation globally and Nigeria in particular.


CONTENTS: Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Children's rights 2. Global learning: Learning rights Welfare rights Classroom experience 3. Crossing frontiers: The movement for rights education Models for rights education 4. Practical guidance 5. Resources Bibliography Index.


Objective To investigate SARS-CoV contamination in animals and environment in wild animal markets after a series of intervention.Methods Samples from animal and environment were collected from Sep.2004 to May.2005 and Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect SARS-CoV gene.Results All of 417 environment and(1 160) animal samples were negative.Conclusion The intervention measures in animal market management were effective in elimination of SARS-CoV contamination.


An important characteristic of railway line for passenger traffic transportation is the punctuality of train operation. The condition of railway line for passenger traffic is significantly important to the normal transport organization of the station and influences whether the punctual operation of the train can be guaranteed or not. In order to guarantee efficient operation consistent with the train diagram, it is necessary to arrange appropriate Arrival and Departure Tracks (AD Tracks) for trains. In this paper, we build an optimized model considering the balanced use of the AD Tracks and the walk distance. The model is solved by MATLAB software based on a genetic algorithm. To demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed model we conduct a case study based on the adapted data-set offered by Shijiazhuang High-speed Railway Station.


With a long-term view to developing bioactive paper which can detect pathogens, we have evaluated the influence of wet-strength resins on antibody based detection. Surprisingly we found that normal loadings of reactive cationic wet-strength resins did not interfere with the antibody assays. Indeed, low PAE or PVAm contents actually helped. More than 40 commercial filter media and a few model surfaces were evaluated as potential supports for antibody detection. The performance varied from about 1% to 300% compared to A55 our standard ashless, acid hardened filter paper. Generally the cellulosic substrates performed better than glass and plastic fibers with our pentameric antibody which was fused to five cellulose binding modules.


The isothermal phase relations for the CaO–AlO1.5–CeO1.5 system have been investigated at 1773 K by a chemical equilibration technique. Activity of AlO1.5 in this system was also measured by equilibrating molten Cu and the CaO–AlO1.5–CeO1.5 flux under a controlled oxygen partial pressure. The activity coefficient of Al at infinite dilution in molten Cu was determined at 1773 K. Iso-activity curves of AlO1.5 for the CaO–AlO1.5–CeO1.5 system are drawn from the experimental results. The addition of CeO1.5 to the CaO–AlO1.5 system was found to decrease the activity coefficient of AlO1.5 in the melts. The effect of Ce addition to Al-killed steel was also discussed using the present results.


This paper presents an extension to the Rule-Based Similarity (RBS) model -- a novel rough set approach to the problem of learning a similarity relation from data. The original model, proposed in [1], applied the notion of Tversky's feature contrast model in a rough set framework to facilitate an accurate case-based classification. In the dynamic RBS model, a dynamic reducts technique is used to broaden the scope of the considered similarity aspects. This is especially important when dealing with objects described by numerous attributes. The extended model was tested on several microarray datasets from RSCTC'2010 Discovery Challenge. The results proved that it is significantly more accurate than the original RBS as well as some other popular classification algorithms, such as the \emph{random forest} or $k$-NN combined with several attribute selection methods.


Basic principle measurement of frequency-resonance method by nonlinear micromechanical transformer is developed in this article. The condition for increasing sensitivity of nonlinear micromechanical transformer by movement and force is offered. There is an example of accelerometer on principle of nonlinear micromechanical transformer and optimization its parameters is done.


This paper describes the gap-structure of subresultants in an Ore polynomial module, and the geometric explanation of isolated subresultants , which are peculiar to inhomogenous equations . As an application of the gap-structure, we present three determinant formulas extending the determinant formulas for the greatest common right divisor (gcrd ), least common left multiple (ldm), and Sylvester's resultant of two elements in an Ore polynomial ring.


In this work, we first investigate the effects of partial pressures and flow rates of precursors on the single-crystal graphene growth using chemical vapor depositions on copper foils. These factors are shown to be critical to the growth rate, seeding density and size of graphene single crystals. The prepared graphene films in millimeter sizes are then bubbling transferred to silicon-dioxide/silicon substrates for high-mobility graphene transistor fabrications. After high-temperature annealing and hexamethyldisilazane passivation, the water attachment is removed from the graphene channel. The elimination of uncontrolled doping and enhancement of carrier mobility accompanied by these procedures indicate that they are promising for fabrications of graphene transistors.


The potential of two alternative approaches for reducing fan ton noise was investigated in this study. One of these approaches increases the number of rotor blades to shift the tone noise to higher frequencies that are not rated as strongly by the perceived noise scale. This alternative fan also would have a small number of long chord stator vanes which would reduce the stator response and lower rotor-stator interaction noise. Comparison of the conventional and alternative fan concepts showed that this alternative approach has as large or larger a perceived tone noise reduction potential as the conventional approach. The other alternative, a high Mach number inlet, is evaluated both for its noise attenuation and for its change in noise directivity.


The Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) is responsible for the safe storage, processing and immobilization of the High Level (radioactive) Waste (HLW) currently stored in approximately fifty million-gallon underground storage tanks. Foam is present in many areas of the HLW processing including HLW chemical processing, HLW evaporation and HLW cesium decontamination. Foam impacts the production rates of each of these facilities. The presence of foam during chemical processing and evaporation steps leads to slower production rates in the high level waste evaporators and in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) waste pretreatment and may lead to higher capital costs or slower production in cesium decontamination. Also, excessive foam causes radioactive contamination of the condensate and equipment. Hence, the objective of this research is to study the mechanisms that produce foaming during nuclear waste treatment, to identify key parameters which aggravate foaming, and to identify effective ways to eliminate or mitigate foaming.


Th is activity book highlights various careers in the veterinary profession and provides veterinary medical cases for the reader to solve. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the offi cial views of ORIP or NIH.


INTRODUCTION:Madagascar possesses a land of exceptional endemism for flora and fauna representing 90% of its whole wildlife, which can be considered as one of the highest rates in the world (Annik Schnitzler, 2015). By the splendor of its ecosystem, Madagascar was once called the Green Island. But this name is now changed into the so-called "Red Island' because of the pressure of population on the environment (Bernard Moizo, 2011). One aspect of that pressure is the illegal exploitation of precious wood, rosewood and ebony. The rosewood known under the scientific name Dalbergia of Madagascar (Dalbergia. spp), for decades has become the main target of illegal operations. This rosewood belongs to the rainforest type. Rosewood has a lot of function; among the others, it represents the place where animals like Simpona, Indri Indri and many others dwell. Therefore, it is practically important to protect and preserve it against illegal activities, especially if it is associated with World Heritage areas, namely Marojejy and Masoala National Parks (NPs).Derek S. and Porter P. Lowry II acknowledge an increase rate of illegal logging in the SAVA region, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, where abundant rosewood has been exploited and exported for the last decade ( Derek S. and Porter P. Lowry II, 2009). Confiscated wood has been apprehended in both protected areas of Marojejy and Masoala as suggested by various tangible evidences. (Patel, 2007). Besides, poor local people in the vicinity of the parks as well as several well-organized criminal networks have unceasingly seized on forests exploitation (Derek Schuurman and Porter P. Lowry II, 2009). It is illegal because the illegal logging is defined as the harvest, transport, sale or purchase of timber in contravention to national laws (John Innes, 2010). The Malagasy Law No. 97-017 of 8 August 1997 revising forest legislation has clearly cited in article 17 that, strict nature reserves, national parks, special reserves and protected forests in respect of international conventions as well as land and water areas defined in Article 2 are not likely to distraction (Ministry of Water and Forests, 2015) whereas the logging in question is operated inside the PAs. Environmental Investigation Agency and Global Witness has discovered the illegal harvest of rosewood is about 100 to 200 trees per day in northern Madagascar, according to the survey conducted in 2009 (Global Witness and Environmental Investigation Agency, 2009).This means that these woods are from Marojejy and Masoala, and also from the place around the sites. Thousands of trees are cut illegally, and tons of timbers are exported outside the country in the same way. According to the Ministry of Water and Forest, between 87% of the exploited forests, 60% is for the rosewood only (Brodbeck, 1999 cited in Randriamalala and Zhou). Currently, Madagascar is already suffering serious land degradation due to illegal operations inspite of the presentt laws in vigor governing the protection of forest. Since 2009, rosewood trafficking has never ceased growing. The number of exploiters increases, for instance, in 2009, operators were in total of 13, but in 2012, that number has increased from 19 to 103, or 542% (Hery F. Randriamalala, 2013). The vast majority of rosewood exploitation source, representing 98,5% of them are considered as illegal, according to Rakotondramanga, 2002, while Jerome Ballet et al. 2010, shared the same views emphasizing to an extreme but chaotic illegal exploition of such invaluble wood since the year 2009. Therefore, this present study aimed to, firstly, analyze the reason why the forestry regulation and management policies on rosewood trees are not effective and stop the problems of forest harvesting in Madagascar. Secondly, it proposes recommendations on how to protect the Protected Areas (PAs) of Marojejy and Masoala from illegal logging.MATERIALS AND METHODS:DATA COLLECTION:The data was collected in Madagascar. …


When asked who she is, an individual may identify herself as Hispanic, a born-again Christian, Canadian, an accountant, a sister, a daughter, a friend. The various communities to which she belongs create a web of membership, strands of her individual identity. Her membership in a public legal community, her citizenship, stands out as a dominant strand, affecting her ability to maintain and enjoy other strands of membership and identity, be they religious, professional, familial or otherwise. Stewart Macaulay's observation regarding public and private governments applies similarly to an individual's membership in her communities; rather than sharp distinctions there is "interpenetration, overlapping jurisdictions and opportunities for both harmony and conflict.… An individual's membership in various communities creates a web of reciprocal relationships, opportunities for harmony and conflict. The individual may influence the institutions of her various communities which in turn help define who she is. In some ways, this is a question of legal pluralism, the simultaneous operation of multiple legal systems.


Accelerated network technologies are crucial for implementing packet processing in high-speed computer networks and therefore, network routers accelerated by field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are becoming common. One of the time-critical jobs in routers is packet classification which requires rapid lookup in tables. Fast hash computation is a must in order to process the packets in time. Adaptive development of hash functions is proposed in this paper. The hash functions are based on non-linear feedback shift registers and configured by an evolutionary algorithm. The hash functions are developed inside of an FPGA-based network router and fine-tuned for the given table content. The experiments on the problem of hashing Internet Protocol (IP) addresses demonstrate that the evolved simple hash functions provide faster hash computation, better memory resource utilization and require smaller chip area in comparison with conventional hash functions. The best conventional hash function was able to store by a couple of hundred less IP addresses in a 8k hash table, the computation of hashes was by 42% slower, and the implementation required 15-times more hardware area.


Because Australia is a remote island continent it receives fewer applications for asylum from refugees than almost any country in the developed world. And yet, for reasons of some complexity, it has begun, in recent years, to treat those applications with almost unparalleled harshness. In 1994 the federal Labor government decided to detain all asylum seekers, on arrival, in prison-like camps. At this time the number of asylum seekers was small. In October 1999, however, boats from Indonesia bearing refugees, chie y from Afghanistan and Iraq, began arriving on Australia's north-west coast. Approximately 4,000 boat refugees landed in 2000 and the same number again in the Ž rst eight months of 2001. All were sent, at Ž rst, to the growing system of detention camps. In late August 2001, the Howard government, some weeks before a federal election was due, changed the course of refugee policy. A boat bearing mainly Afghan refugees of the persecuted Hazara minority began sinking en route to Australia. With the encouragement of the Australian government, a Norwegian cargo vessel, MV Tampa, rescued these refugees. Those on board persuaded the Tampa captain to sail towards the Australian territory of Christmas Island. The Howard government, in crisis mode, refused the Tampa permission to enter Australian waters. This order was ignored. Eventually the Tampa was boarded by Australian troops and the refugees transferred to an Australian frigate. John Howard promised that no asylum seeker arriving by boat would ever again be permitted to land on Australia soil. As Indonesia refused to accept the refugees on board the frigate Australian began now a desperate search for a country willing to take these refugees and also those who arrived subsequently . By the offer of bribes it discovered such a country in the tiny, bankrupt state of Nauru. Soon after Papua-New Guinea offered Manus Island. By such a process Australia began, in late August 2001, to create a new penal–social institution, which I call, (after the man who administered the policy and set it in place, the Minister for Immigration), the Ruddock Archipelago. There are now several hundred asylum seekers languishing in refugee processing camps on Nauru and Manus Island, new proposals for additional such camps on Fiji, Kiribas and Palau, which seem to be coming to nothing, and 600 or more refugees on Christmas Island, some of whom are cramped together inside a sweltering tin shed. Christmas Island might be Australian territory but it has, at least, in fulŽ llment of John Howard's pledge that no asylum seeker should ever again set foot on Australian soil, been deŽ ned not to be Australia so far as questions of immigration are concerned. In terms of its purpose, which was to defer refugee boats from Indonesia,


As nursing director of the Registered Nursing Home Association, I visited a district general hospital recently to see a client and view her nursing records. I was dismayed at the low level of literacy that I witnessed.


The basic theory of two-dimensional is that investment behaviour is in progress between income and risk. Three-dimensional theory complements the lackless of it, i. e, investment decision must not only consider expected income and bearing risk, but also consider the investment labor. It explains the investment economy phenomenon reasonably and supply some leading theory for related economic work.


Background In the case of in-pipe diagnostics of operating pipelines, sometimes pipe sections are found where the bend radius exceeds the normative requirements. In such cases, repairs are provided to bring the site to the normative state. For this, the pipeline is freed from the ground for some length and re-laid in a new trench with a shift from the previous state. This is a complex and dangerous operation, which is usually carried out without releasing the pipeline from the product. According to building codes and regulations, such bending of the pipe-line is allowed, when the radius of bending is not less than 1000 diameters of pipe D. However, this indicator does not have sufficient justification. It is adopted without connection with such important characteristics of the pipeline as the category, dimensions, mechanical properties of the metal, working pressure and temperature. Aims and Objectives Analysis of the stressed state of the pipeline in various combinations of the above characteristics in order to establish the basic laws and develop appropriate algorithms for calculating the safe bend radius for solving practical problems in repairing the pipeline. Methods The studies were performed using computational and analytical methods. The known formulas for the stressed state of pipes from the theory of elasticity and material resistance are taken as a basis. Results The results of the studies are that all known factors and parameters affect the permissible bend radius of the pipeline. With an increase in the pipe dimensions (diameter and wall thickness), the allowable bend radius rпр is increased, but does not reach the value of 1000 D for conventional pipe steels. With increasing operating pressure the intensity of the stresses increases, but within the permissible operating limits pressure, the value of rпр in the overwhelming majority of cases remains less than 1000 D. Dependence on temperature conditions is more complex and requires calculations at specific initial data. It is established that depending on their combination the most strained zones can occur both on compressed and stretched generating lines. For practical calculations of the value of rпр an algorithm has been developed that allows to take into account all the features of the pipeline, listed above. An example of calculations with an analysis of the results obtained is shown. In this example, it is shown that the accuracy of preparing the initial data, especially the mechanical properties of the pipe metal, is of great practical importance. Suggested ways to reduce the amount of repair work due to a more accurate determination of the parameter rпр. Studies carried out in this article show that the requirements of building codes and regulations are suitable for design and construction, but they are too high for the operation and repair phase of pipelines and require an unjustified increase in the amount of repair work.


Abstract This issue of New Mineral Names provides a summary of five new species: pohlite, muonionalustaite, medvedevite, gysinite-(La), and nioboheftetjernite.


Over the past 10 years, Ukraine has been undergoing very active reform processes. Changes are taking place in all areas that are under state control, and the methods and means of reform are very diverse. The basis for such processes is the need to solve a large number of social, political and economic problems, including within the framework of the state direction in European integration. In addition, this is a particularly relevant issue recently, given the obvious problems in various industries and the availability of certain opportunities to solve them.
The main areas of reform today concern the sphere of public administration, as one of the most important, directly related to other areas and containing a large number of problems of organization and functioning. One of the main methods that meets modern requirements is the digitalization of public administration – the introduction of digital technologies in the processes of public administration, public obedience and control. Thus, in Ukraine there was a direction of public administration, which is called "Electronic government" or "E-government". This "innovation" is quite ambiguous, because it covers a very wide range of public relations, provides for a large number of changes, but it does not have a systematic and clear measures, according to which, the effectiveness of changes is lower than expected.
In addition, new problems arose in the reform process due to the wrong approach to its implementation.
At the same time, the world practice of E-uryaduvannya has a significant number of examples of successful implementation of digital technologies in the sphere of public administration. It can be argued that the correct solution would be to use the successful solutions of other States that have already completed the transition to the E-government system. So, there is a real problem that needs to be solved as quickly as possible.
Keywords: E-government, Electronic governance, reform, digitalization, public administration.


Resistance welding processes have a century of history and have developed from very humble beginnings into one of the most sophisticated automated welding processes of the present day. Despite the invention of a number ofmore "exotic" processes in recent decades - such as laser welding, which has replaced some traditional resistance welding applications - the unique characteristics of resistance welding have kept the process in the forefront of manufacturing industry.