Many countries, such as the US, China, and the UK, have considered using safe elevators (such as fire elevators) on safe floors (such as refuge floors) in high-rise buildings to speed up emergency evacuation. However, for safety reasons such as sheave traction and brake capability, elevators are designed not to operate when overloaded. Overcrowding, then, may actually slow down building evacuation when a car is overloaded. As a result, how to speed up elevator evacuation considering potential overcrowding is an important issue. This problem is difficult because of the uncertain traffic and complicated elevator scheduling. To reduce the traffic uncertainties, one trend is to use the surveillance cameras in smart high-rise buildings to know the number of waiting evacuees. To avoid the phenomenon of elevator overloading, multiple elevators will be sent to the same floor based on the number of waiting evacuees. To reduce the complication of elevator scheduling, all the elevators are divided into groups with one or more elevators in each group. Then these groups will be dispatched to different floors according to the numbers of waiting evacuees. Our objective is to minimize the evacuation time with the constraints of evacuees' safety. The Genetic Algorithm toolbox in Matlab is used to solve this problem. A case study is used to demonstrate that, compared with the building where one floor can be served by one car, our elevator scheduling can reduce the evacuation time.


The 2005 Albanian Election Study (AES) was organized in collaboration with the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. The post-election survey was administered through interviews with a representative sample of 1,500 households. This paper reports survey results on campaign issues, voters' evaluation of political leaders, voters' expectations from the new government, as well as a few socio-demographic variables like religious denominations and ethnic self-identification.


With the rapid development of the e-commerce, more and more consumers are taking online-shopping as their first shopping choice. However, while people are enjoying the keen price and convenience, they still criticizing on the defects of it including the low service consciousness, the low service quality, as well as the service failure. Online sellers tend to adopt the service remedy in order to compensate the loss of the consumer satisfaction, but only appropriate service recovery, sometimes with extra expectations, can make up for the loss and finally gain the trust and loyalty from the customers. This paper builds a quality evaluation system of online shopping service recovery. Then using ANP to analyze the relationships between different indictors, it invites some qualified customers to evaluate the service recovery quality of a well-known online seller. The result can provide references and advices for online sellers to improve the service recovery quality.


BACKGROUND Abnormal baseline hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis function and dexamethasone suppressibility seen in withdrawing alcoholics returns to normal on abstinence, but some studies report blunting of the ACTH response to CRH persisting during the early abstinence phase. Reduced central levels of endogenous oplold peptides have been postulated to have an aetiological role In alcohol addiction.


The efficiency and effectiveness of judicial system has become one of the main points of interest in public sector administration, due the beneficial effects of an efficient judicial system of economic growth and firms' competition. This paper attempts to assess the relative technical efficiency of Italian civil judicial system at the first instance court level for the period 2010-2011 using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Moreover, we make use of the bootstrapping methodology to account for measurement errors. Our findings show, on average, high level of inefficiency especially in the South of Italy and in those first instance courts characterised by heavy civil caseload.


We investigate PSF modeling strategies for clinical I-123 DaTscan imaging on a dual-headed mixed collimator SPECT system consisting of fan and multi-pinhole (MPH) collimators on separate heads. The MPH component of this system proposed provides high-resolution imaging of activity in the structures of interest: the putamen, caudate and substantia nigra (SN), which lie in the central interior portion of the brain. In many multi-pinhole (MPH) SPECT imaging systems, improvement in image quality has been demonstrated with accurate modeling of the system point spread function (PSF) within reconstruction. To facilitate faster reconstruction and smaller memory overhead, simple PSF models are preferred such as a Gaussian. In many geometries a Gaussian model is reasonably accurate for the PSF. However, for different pinhole aperture shapes such as square or rectangular, and angled pinhole aperture planes, the measured PSF including all physical effects such as penetration and depth of interaction can have substantial non-Gaussian components. In this work, we illustrate with examples from our MPH collimator how stepwise regression analysis can be used to develop a generalized but parsimonious model for complex PSFs without a-priori knowledge of the exact analytical form of the PSF.


. Robots require a certain set of skills to perceive and analyse the environment and act accordingly. For tracked mobile robots getting good odometry data from sensory information is a challenging key prerequisite to perform in an unstructured dynamic environment, thus an essential issue in the tracked mobile robotics domain. In this article, we construct a ROS-based tracked mobile robot system taking the Jaguar V4 mobile robot as the base platform. On which several visual odometry solutions based on different cameras and methods (Intel RealSense T265, Zed camera, RTAB-Map RGBD) are integrated and benchmark comparison is performed. Analysis of new challenges faced by different methods while applied on a tracked vehicle as well as recommendations and conclusions are presented. Intel RealSense T265 solution proved to perform well in uncertain conditions which involves bounded vibrations and low lighting conditions with low latency, which result in good map generation. Further evaluations with a path planning algorithm and Intel RealSense T265 were conducted to test the effect of the robot's motion profiles on odometry data accuracy.


India is a multiethnic, multicultural and multilingual nation. A chance encounter with a new language in the ICU led to a realisation of the language and the unique culture of a people  who are on the margins of Indian society, but may have well been India's first internationalists.


Firstly, a brief survey of the existing works on comparing and ranking any two interval numbers on the real line is presented, and then pointing out the drawbacks of these definitions, a new approach is proposed in the context of decision maker's (optimistic and pessimistic) point of view. Secondly, an interval technique is proposed to solve unconstrained multimodal optimization problems with continuous variables. In this proposed method, the search region is divided into two equal subregions successively and in each subregion, the lower and upper bounds of the objective function are computed with the help of interval arithmetic. Then, by comparing these two interval objective values and considering the subregion containing the better objective value, the global optimal value of the objective function or close to it is obtained. Finally, the proposed method is applied to solve several number of test problems of global optimization with lower as well as higher dimension and is compared with the existing methods with respect to the number of function evaluations.


Baggio, R. & J. Klobas (2011) Quantitative Methods in Tourism: A Handbook. Aspects of Tourism Series. Channel View Publications. ISBN 978-1-84541-173-2, 225 pp.Tourism subject is often underestimated and its scientific importance is neglected mainly because papers in tourism are predominantly descriptive and statistical methods they rely on are usually limited to some basic formulae and calculations. Yet researchers' interest in tourism as an important business activity is growing and so the approach to tourism subject evolves. The Handbook of Baggio and Klobas is a reflection to this trend providing a variety of quantitative methods in statistics that tourism experts could apply.The book is divided into two parts. Part 1: The Analysis of Data consists of introduction and five chapters that cover topics from the very basics of data collection through model building to time series analysis and forecasting.Chapter 1: The Nature of Data in Tourism, gives a brief overview on the types and forms of data with a special emphasis on the quality of data. A useful list of sources of secondary tourism data is included.Chapter 2: Testing Hypothesis is dedicated to the most commonly used statistical hypothesis tests. Other issues such as statistical power and effect size, sample size and significance are also included, as well as the bootstrap method and meta-analysis which are used to improve outcomes' reliability.Chapter 3: Data Analysis discusses techniques such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling techniques. The above mentioned are elaborated in details and many real-life cases and applications to papers in tourism are given as examples.Chapter 4: Model Building as the title suggests gives an in-depth overview of regression and structural equation modelling. Special attention is paid to logistic regression as particularly pertinent to tourism research purposes. Interesting evidences for so-called "pitfalls for impatient modellers" are given (such as Anscome quartet).Chapter 5: Time dependant phenomenon and forecasting deals with time series analysis and its implementation to predict various behavioural patterns in tourism (ex.: tourist arrivals). Others related issues discussed here are stationarity and stability of the system, predictability, non-linearity etc.Part 2: Numerical methods is logically following the techniques described in Part 1. According to the author, they are quite simple as methodology, but require complex calculation with higher degree of computer computation intensiveness. …


Based on self-learning independent theory, the paper stated the construction of experimental teaching and management system based on ADO (ActiveX Data Object) and ASP (Active Server Page) technology and Internet is developed, which is characterized by experiment booking, edition and submit of experiment papers, communication of teachers and students. Three-layer BWD mode (Brower-WebServer-DBServer) was used in developing managing system, the operating mode could place all kinds of teaching and managing resources on the server side, and uses unified database storage and organization. Users on the client side browse red the web page through server agent which was linked with background database and responded to teaching request. With the language of HTML as the development tool, ASP+IIS technologies as tools for front development and the ACCESS database services as a background database support, the paper laid em1phasis on discussing the realization of constructing network experimental teaching and management system. The system is useful to make the information of teaching and management more standard, enhance variety of experiment teaching, perfect experiment documents, optimize resources, and improve the quality of experiment teaching and management.


One possible model for scientific publishing is the overlay journal, which takes some interdisciplinary theme and provides links to papers published elsewhere. By providing links rather than republishing, the overlay journal provides a service to both the reader, by linking to many publications, and the publishers, by bringing more eyeballs to their sites.


The reconstruction of Middle Dorset settlement-subsistence patterns along the west coast of Newfoundland's Great Northern Peninsula has been hampered in the past by lack of information concerning variation in site types. Research has tended to concentrate on the intensive investigation of a single site type, the large semi-permanent base camp, and little is known about the smaller Middle Dorset sites of an apparently temporary or seasonal nature that exist in the region. -- Recent excavations at Broom Point, a small seasonal Palaeo-Eskimo site located in Gros Morne National Park, have succeeded in identifying at least two separate short-term Middle Dorset occupations in addition to an earlier, small Groswater phase component. The most prominent activity reflected in the Middle Dorset artifact assemblages from Broom Point relates to the manufacture and maintenance of stone tools, from the initial reduction of raw material (represented by a variety of local cherts) to the final stages of tool production. Other extractive pursuits, primarily marine related, and processing activities are also represented at the site, and seasonality is suggested as "non-winter," with Broom Point likely representing a repeatedly occupied summer site. -- With regard to Middle Dorset settlement-subsistence patterns along the west coast of the Northern Peninsula, it is postulated that Middle Dorset populations in this region of Newfoundland represent northern coastal hunter-gatherers, characterized by a settlement pattern that includes the establishment of semi-permanent base camps, from which a seasonal departure of at least a portion of the population took place in the summer to small, more mobile camps along the coast (in response to a combination of ecological as well as cultural factors), with populations returning to the large semi-permanent bases in the fall. It is suggested that Broom Point represents such a seasonal site, although the exact location of the large semi-permanent site that it was connected to is unknown at present.


This design adopting 80C51 microcontroller and a few external circuit to control lights, using silicon controlled dimming technology, by means of single chip control bidirectional thyristor turn-on to achieve incandescent lamps (resistive load) brightness adjustment, thus achieving the photometric light and dark control and regulation of the effect of fluorescent lamp, realizing fluorescent lamp dimming control, so that the fluorescent lamp according to the external light dark level generated by the effect of light and shade, which can also through manual debugging to adjust the fluorescent lamp brightness, and realize intelligent control. With low cost, simple and easy to work, the design has excellent controllability and practicability.


In our investigation, we used Hamiltonian dynamics to model two different spring-pendulum systems in MATLAB. First, we confirmed that chaotic motion is possible in the classic single spring-pendulum system in two dimensions and without damping. Next, we modified the system by attaching the mass to two springs (Figure 1b) and tested to see how the dynamics change with the addition of this second spring to the system.


The nonrepetitive runout (NRRO) of the rotational frequency of a cage is caused mainly by the diameter differences of balls contained in one bearing and the unequal orbital intervals of the balls. In this paper, we researched the influence of some conditions of cage on the NRRO of rotational frequency of the cage in a ball bearing. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The NRRO of rotational frequency of the cage increased as the imbalance of cage and rotational speed increased. (2) The NRRO of rotational frequency of the cage received influence from the posture of the cage. In the rotational accuracy at the nanometer level, it became clear that the cage was a very important factor in a ball bearing.


Hydrogel thin films containing temperature sensitive chemical functionalities (such as N-isopropylacrylamide, NIPAAm) are particularly interesting for sensor and actuator setups. Complex 3D structures can be conformally coated by the solvent free technique initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition, with precise control over chemical composition and film thickness. In this study, NIPAAm-based thin films with film thicknesses ranging from tens to several hundreds of nanometers and with different amounts of cross-linking were deposited. Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), these films repel out water and hence shrink. The amount of cross-linking and the deposited film thickness were successfully identified to both affect shape and position of the LCST transition of these systems: a promising basis for tuning response properties.


A piezoelectric bridge sound pick-up string instruments has a separate subassembly for each string. Each subassembly has a metal base body (4) with a pocket (4.1) for a piezoelectric sensor element (7), a sensor holder (5) and a pressure piece (8). The pocket is at right angles to the string and is tilted in accordance with the string pressure direction. The sensor element is embedded in an electrically insulating holder, which has a break in its central area (6) and allows a certain deflection of the sensor element. To an electrode on the under surface of the sensor element is fitted a conductor (9) for passing out a signal with positive potential. On an opposite, upper electrode surface is provided a pressure piece with a semi-circular cross-section, which transfers by friction the alternating pressure of the string (14) and functions as an electrical connection of ground potential.


The potential for aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of a sour gas treatment chemical, diisopropanolamine (DIPA), was studied using contaminated aquifer materials from three sour gas treatment sites in western Canada. DIPA was found to be readily consumed under aerobic conditions at 8°C and 28°C in shake flask cultures incubated with aquifer material from each of the sites, and this removal was characterized by first‐order kinetics. In addition, DIPA biodegradation was found to occur under nitrate‐, Min(IV)., and Fe(III)‐reducing conditions at 28°C, and in some cases at 8°C, in laboratory microcosms, DIPA loss corresponded to consumption of nitrate, and production of Mn(II) and Fe(II) in viable microcosms compared to corresponding sterile controls. A threshold DIPA concentration near 40 mg/L was observed in the anaerobic microcosms. This report provides the first evidence that DIPA is biodegraded under anaerobic conditions, and our data suggest that biodegradation may contribute to DIPA attenuation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in aquifers contaminated with this sour gas treatment chemical.


Rotary slender column in cylinder is a special structure in oil engineering. It contacts with outer cylinder and interacts with its inner pipe fluid and outer annular fluid. A partitioned coupling model was founded by dispersing slender column into beam element, dividing fluid domain into some sections, dispersing fluid section into hexahedron unit and transfer method of the information of coupling interface was described. Dynamics experimental device of column-liquid interaction was built to do column rotating test with considering the displacement and force boundary conditions of rotating column and testing axial excitation force of bottom column, axial acceleration of head column, transverse displacement of columns and collision and contact forces between inner columns and outer pipeline. The maximum absolute error between experimental results and numerical results is 0.31mm and this research provides the methods of numerical simulation and experimental study.


The static time drift of MEMS accelerometer was studied through theory and experiments,and a BM wavelet packets general regression neural network(GRNN)was developed to compensate the drift.The first,the error of the drift was removed by the wavelet packet based on the Birge-Massert improved function,the second,the zero drift model of the MEMS accelerometer was established based on GRNN,which has a good approximation capability,fast learning speed and excellent network stability.The computer results show that this model can compensate the zero drift effectively.Comparing with the original data,compensation with least square fitting and compensation only by GRNN,the mean values of zero drift is reduces by 97.4%,67.8%,67.8% respectively;the variance reduces by 87.4%,87.5%,90.9%,respectively.The delay time of the model is 10-5s.The results illustrate the feasibility and validity of the Birge-Massert wavelet packers general regression neural network model.


The first laparoscopic nephrectomy done by Clayman et al. in 1991 [1] ushered with it a major change in the approach to several areas of urological surgery. The initial purported advantages of minimally invasive urological surgery were later confirmed repeatedly [2,3] and now have become established 'expectations'. This led to an exponential uptake of laparoscopic urological surgery, with progression to encompass a continuum of complex surgery of varying technical demands. Most recently, whereas the laparoscopic approach decreased morbidity directly related to the surgical approach, incisions of 1–3 cm long and with three to five ports are still required. Furthermore, each working port and element carries with it an inherent risk of bleeding, infection, concordant organ damage, hernia formation and decreased cosmesis. The concept of an optimum cosmetic result has now moved beyond paediatric patients and is increasingly becoming an expectation by most patients. This, coupled with the development of technical expertise among some groups and advances in surgical instrumentation, forced a recent rethink of the 'laparoscopic approach'. Some advocate specimen morcellation and transvaginal extraction of surgical specimens [4,5], but neither is used frequently. This led to the development of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and single-port (access/incision) laparoscopic surgery (SILS).


An agent-based first-price private-value auction and an agent-based posted-price market are developed to compare these selling methods when buyers have private values. If the seller cannot impose a reserve price and has little uncertainty about the item's value, the seller's expected revenue is highest in the posted-price market. Otherwise, the seller is better off selling the item with the auction. Using a genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo integration solved the agent-based models quicker and provided more precise answers than solving models with particle swarm optimization and using the trapezoidal rule for numerical integration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Integration of different functional components such as level two (L2) cache memory, high-speed I/O interfaces, and memory controller has enhanced microprocessor performance. In this architecture, certain functional units on the microprocessor dissipate a significant fraction of the total power while other functional units dissipate little or no power. This highly nonuniform power distribution results in a large temperature gradient with Localized hot spots that may have detrimental effects on computer performance, product reliability, and yield. Moving the functional units may reduce the junction temperature but can affect performance by a factor as much as 30%. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization is performed to minimize the junction temperature without significantly altering the computer performance. The analysis was performed for 90 nm Pentium IV Northwood architecture operating at 3 GHz clock speed. Each functional unit on the die has a specific role, so functional units with similar roles were grouped together. Thus, the actual Pentium IV die was divided into four groups (front end, execution cores, bus and L2, and out-of-order engine). Repositioning constraints were determined using circuit delay models of major functional units in a micro-architectural simulator. Thus, depending on the scenario, relocating functional units can result in virtually no performance loss (less than 2% is assumed to be minimal and is reported as 0%) to as much as 30% performance loss. From the results, the minimum and the maximum temperatures were 56.6°C and 62.2°C. This ΔT corresponds to thermal design power of 60.2 W For microprocessors with higher thermal design power (115 W) and operating at higher clock speed, higher ΔT can be realized. Based on this paper's analysis, the optimized scenario resulted in a junction temperature of 56.6 ° C at the cost of a 14% performance loss.


The gas-phase pyrolysis of n-C4F10 has been studied experimentally in a plug flow, isothermal α-alumina reactor at atmospheric pressure and various residence times over the temperature range of 873 to 1148 K. The major products are C2F6, C2F 4, C3F8, and C3F6 (CF3-CF=CF2). Minor products include Cyclo-C 4F8 (c-C4F8) and CO2. CF4 is detected in trace amounts at high temperatures. A kinetic reaction scheme involving 20 species and 30 reactions is developed and used to model n-C4F10 pyrolysis. A generally satisfactory agreement between experimental and modeling results is obtained on the conversion levels of n-C4F10 and the rates of formation of C2F6 and C3F8.


Objective To study the relevant factors of anxiety and depression in patients with IBD,in order to provide theoretical basis of the anti-anxiety depression and psychological treatments for IBD patients with psychological abnormalities.Methods 60 patients with IBD from December 2010 to December 2011 were collected in Department of Gastroenterology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University.During the same period,60 patients with IBD and 60 healthy controls were collected.ZUNG self-rating anxiety scale,ZUNG self-rating depression scale,life event scale and social support rating scale were used to evaluate the psychological condition of all patients.All scores were statistically analyzed by SPSS,P0.05 was considered have statistic difference,P0.01 was considered to have significant statistic difference.Results(1) The comparison of incidence of anxiety and depression:IBD grouphealthy controls(P0.05).The incidence of depression in IBD groups was higher than healthy controls(P0.01).(2) Results of self-rating anxiety scale,self-rating depression scale showed that there statistically significant difference between IBD group and healthy controls(P 0.01).(3) Life event scale,social support rating scale results showed that: there was statistically significant difference in negative events score between IBD groups and healthy controls(P0.01).Conclusions(1) The incidence of anxiety and depression in IBD patients is higher than the normal healthy people.(2) Negative life events have an important impact on the psychological condition of IBD patients.(3) Life events and social support are closely related to psychological changes of IBD patients.(4) IBD patient's psychological state should be concerned in clinical practice and appropriate interventions should be given if there is a clear anxiety and depression in the patients.


Six ectomycorrhizal fungi(ECMF)were grown in liquid Pachlewski culture medium added with and without Al to study their growth,oxalate exudation,and uptake of aluminum,phosphorus and potassium.Al stress showed no growth inhibition for Al-resistant fungi,Pisolithus tinctorius 715,Cenococcum geophilum SIV and Hebeloma repandum Sp,in contrast to Al-sensitive ones,Laccaria bicolor S238A,L.bicolor S238N and L.bicolor 270,which behaved otherwise in same case.ECMF used in the present experiment were positively responsible to Al stress via changes in proton efflux and increase in oxalate exudation and concentrations of phosphorus,potassium and aluminum in hyphae,whereby could improve the ability of Al resistance.Protons ionized from oxalate accounted for only small amount of protons released by fungi into liquid culture medium,suggesting the proton efflux due to cation absorption by hyphae for charge balance and the ionization of some other organic acids produced by ECMF.


Northern Europe and the Islamic world, although separated by the wide belt of the steppe, were in contact throughout the pre-Mongol period. The intensity of these contacts varied over time and so did their geography: objects of Islamic provenance were imported to the basin of the Kama in the 7th–10th centuries, to the lands settled by the Scandinavians and those Slavs who were under their political or cultural influence in the 9th and 10th centuries, and to the northern edge of the steppe in the two centuries before the Mongol invasion. This chapter surveys the finds of Islamic objects associated with these interactions—mostly silver coins and silverware—and investigates the mechanisms that account for their importation to the North.


Education is a method to enhance people's knowledge, capability, and ethics in order to apply knowledge and competency creatively. As a result, this will benefit himself/herself and the social as a whole. Thailand's economic structure is moving toward "Value-Based Economy" or "Innovation Driven Economy" or Thailand 4.0. Major economic city is announced to become the Smart City while the University is an essential driving mechanism. This paper presents components and concepts of administration shifting from traditional university to become the smart university. Also, we analyze Academic Information Systems (AIS) at university level including Transaction Processing System (TPS), Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS) and Executive Information System (EIS) as framework and guideline for management of Smart University and driving Thailand 4.0 policy.


The report presents a study on the rotation instability, stall inception and the stall procedure, a measurement method and a measurement system were set up, the time wave and spectrum of sound pressure and acoustic mode inside the compressor were measured by the system. The results illustrate that the rotation instability components, which have been measured in low speed compressor, could be found in the high speed compressor if the shock wave does not happen. When the shock wave appears it is difficult to distinguish the instability components from the shock wave noise, the acoustic mode characteristics of the shock wave noise have not been recognized. The measurement system built up have an ability to continuously acquire a mass data in real time with high speed, and to calculate the spectrum and acoustic mode quickly and efficiently, it will make the technique possible to become a routine method to investigate the instability, rotation stall inception and stall procedure of high speed compressor.


Counting theory tries to answer the question "How many?" or "How many orderings of n distinct elements are there?" In this section, we review the elements of counting theory. A set of items that we wish to count can sometimes be expressed as a union of disjoint sets or as a Cartesian product of sets. The rule of sum says that the number of ways to choose an element from one of two disjoint sets is the sum of the cardinalities of the sets. That is, if A and B are two finite sets with no members in common, then |A∪B| = |A|+ |B|. The rule of product says that the number of ways to choose an ordered pair is the number of ways to choose the first element times the number of ways to choose the second element. That is, if A and B are two finite sets, then |A×B| = |A| · |B|. A string over a finite set S is a sequence of elements of S. We sometimes call a string of length k a k-string. A substring s′ of a string s is an ordered sequence of consecutive elements of s. A k-substring of a string is a substring of length k. For example, 010 is a 3-substring of 01101001 (the 3-substring that begins in position 4), but 111 is not a substring of 01101001. A k-string over a set S can be viewed as an element of the Cartesian product S of k-tuples; thus, there are |S| strings of length k. For example, the number of binary k-strings is 2. Intuitively, to construct a k-string over an n-set, we have n ways to pick the first element; for each of these choices, we have n ways to pick the second element; and so forth k times. This construction leads to the k-fold product n · n · · ·n = n as the number of k-strings. A permutation of a finite set S is an ordered sequence of all the elements of S, with each element appearing exactly once. For example, if S = {a, b, c}, there are 6 permutations of S :


(57) Abstract: discloses a method and apparatus for storing excessive polarization Using the method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to continuously or temporarily accumulating the excessive polarization Using this method, it is possible to accumulate excessive polarization The present invention further includes Using this method and apparatus, including imaging of human subjects and animal subjects by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, for a number of purposes, large scale production of peracetic polarization


Sentimentality is a basic characteristic of Ruan Ji's Poems of His Heart.His poems not only inherited but also developed the Sentimental Keynote of "Jian An Literature".The sentimentalism idiosyncrasy in his poems is mainly shown in three aspects: direct expression of sorrowful mood,the construction of sentimental image,rendering sound atmosphere.Through the exploration of the connotations,origins and effects in Ruan Ji's Poems of His Heart,we can get a glimpse of the changes of the ancient sentimental poems and the literature trends.


Mass spectra of C(CH3)4, Si(CH3)4, Ge(CH3)4, Sn(CH3)4, and Pb(CH3)4 were obtained with a Consolidated 21-103 mass spectrometer. Isotopic abundances of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead were obtained from the observed spectra and used to calculate the monoisotopic spectra. The mass spectra of the Group IV tetramethyls are qualitatively similar. The principal ion in each case results from the dissociation of one methyl group. The molecule ion and ions resulting from the dissociation of hydrogen atoms are rare. Hydrides of the atom ions and the mono-, di-, and tri-methyl ions were observed. Some evidence is pointed out for the possible formation of the CH3 + ion and the C2H5+ ion in neopentane as hydrides of the central carbon atom.


Isolated hand arteries and veins from healthy human subjects were tested in vitro for their contractile response to adrenergic agonists and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) under standardized conditions. This allowed for quantitative estimation of various receptor characteristics. The relative sympathomimetic potency suggested alpha-adrenergic receptors, which was confirmed in Schild plots following phentolamine antagonism of the response (pA2 for artery 7.57, for vein 7.75). 5-HT contracted with a relative potency approximately equal to noradrenaline and adrenaline in arteries, but only one fifth to one tenth of the catecholamine activity in veins. Ketanserin inhibited the 5-HT response in a competitive, probably also irreversible, manner in arteries (pA2 9.50, KA 8.90 X 10(-7) M). In the veins, ketanserin counteracted the 5-HT-induced contraction in a noncompetitive way.


Caribit, a homogeneous and storage-stable polymer-modified bitumen has been developed to improve asphalt properties, in particular to achieve -increased resistance to rutting, - decreased temperature susceptibility, -higher tensile strength, -longer elongation at break, -outstanding resilience properties, -improved adhesion, -equivalent workability. Test methods for the binder and for asphalt mixes are introduced and test results discussed, which show that the desired properties can be achieved by incorporating a suitable polymer into a compatible bitumen. Although the viscosity does not vary much from normal road grade bitumens the properties have been shifted from visco-plastic to visco-elastic. The elastic component can best be demonstrated in a modified ductility-test. The elastic recovery of the bitumen-thread -cut into two halves -is measured, which allows the elastic behaviour of the binder to be identified. Tensile strength and elongation at break are measured in special delators. Depending on temperature and speed caribit shows 5 to 10 times the elongation at break of the road grade bitumens. The elastic properties hardly change under normal conditions for asphalt-mixing. They have been found to remain almost at the initial high levels, even after years in the road. Test results from asphalt specimens of binder and wearing courses show that asphalt prepared with caribit has a higher resistance to rutting. The rate of improvement depends on the mix composition and ranges between 20 and 40%. Tests for determining the low temperature properties are explained and results given which show higher tensile strength for caribit-asphalt over a wide temperature range. This results in longer life times in low temperature bending tests -even at increasing stresses. All laboratory results have proved the excellent performance of the newly developed binder with a kind of multigrade effect which prevents rutting in summer and cracking in winter. About 800000 m2 of roads paved with caribit-asphalt so far have confirmed the test results. For the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 815173.


The tremendous growth of digital data has led to a high necessity for compressing applications either to minimize memory usage or transmission speed. Despite of the fact that many techniques already exist, there is still space and need for new techniques in this area of study. With this paper we aim to introduce a new technique for data compression through pixel combinations, used for both lossless and lossy compression. This new technique is also able to be used as a standalone solution, or with some other data compression method as an add-on providing better results. It is here applied only on images but it can be easily modified to work on any other type of data. We are going to present a side-by-side comparison, in terms of compression rate, of our technique with other widely used image compression methods. We will show that the compression ratio achieved by this technique tanks among the best in the literature whilst the actual algorithm remains simple and easily extensible. Finally the case will be made for the ability of our method to intrinsically support and enhance methods used for cryptography, steganography and watermarking.


Objective To establish a method for the content determination of forsythin in Shangqing pills by RP-HPLC.Methods RP-HPLC was performed on Diamonsil C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of CH3CN and H2O for gradient elution.The flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min and the temperature of column was 30 ℃.The detective wavelength was 229nm.Results It showed a good linearity in the range from 0.0798 to 0.798 μg/mL(r=0.9996).The average recovery was 98.8%(RSD=0.82%,n=6).Conclusion The method is accurate and simple,and can be used for the quality control of Shangqing Pills.


Over the last two decades, Ireland has proactively marketed its educated workforce, its favourable corporate tax rates, membership of the European common market, and other advantages, to multinational technology corporations. The resulting foreign direct investment in high-tech manufacturing operations has driven a booming Irish economy that has come to be characterized as the 'Celtic Tiger'. Today, however, Ireland is looking to the research and development sector to drive future growth. Competition from low-wage economies, such as those of Eastern Europe, India and China, threatens Ireland's position as a low-cost, high-tech manufacturing base. Across government, industry and the higher education sectors, Ireland is now focused on fashioning an ecosystem of research and innovation that can guarantee its continued prosperity.


Organic matter in the soil is a carbon-rich material that includes plants, animals and microbial residues in various stages of decomposition. Living organisms in the soil and plant roots are part of the carbon reserve in the soil, but are not considered organic matter than when they die or when they interrupt the connection with the plant. The quantity and composition of soil organic matter varies significantly among major ecosystems. In arid, semi-arid and hot, humid regions usually have less organic matter than in other regions. The total content of organic matter in soil varies from 0.5 to 8% in the surface horizon of the soil. In the soil and its surface, dead organic debris undergoes continuous transformations under the influence of physical and chemical factors, especially of components of  biocenosis (mezofauna and microorganisms): leaching of soluble substances, more advanced shredding, tissue destruction, various advanced decompositions, the formation of new compounds, and of major importance, formation of the organic component specific and fundamental for soils, humus, that organic complex finely dispersed, dark brown or black which lends the soil the dark colors. This paper presents the determination of organic carbon in an argic faeoziom from Cojocna, on two soil horizons: Am and A/B.


This paper presents an efficient implementation of a frequency domain linear equalizer for WCDMA systems. A significant complexity reduction with respect to traditional equalizers can be achieved by means of frequency domain block processing. After deriving the analytical formulation of the equalizer coefficients, it is shown that the performance of the frequency domain equalizer (FDE) is substantially equivalent to that of the classical time domain equalizer (TDE) over a wide range of operating conditions so that no penalty has to be paid for the complexity reduction. Starting from a pure parallel implementation of the FDE, it is shown that block processing for multi-code downlink WCDMA can be conveniently performed in a serial fashion, through properly reusing small processing elements while exploiting the pipeline in order to reduce the subsequent latency overhead.


The author discusses the scope of design parameter in "The code of building earthquake resistance design", introduces the factors should be considered during parameter selection, and calculates energy dissipation braced parameter design combined with practical example, which to offer a basis for the inventory of loop and double computing program.


Although it proves to be a difficult task, we still can identify more literary texts from the Middle Ages addressing homoerotic love than we might have expected. Even when poets voiced severe criticism and radically condemned homosexuality, their comments serve us well to identify more specifically the actual discourse behind the official scene. Although legal and Church authorities consistently characterized 'sodomy' as one of the worst sins a Christian could commit, since late antiquity, and certainly throughout the Middle Ages, the phenomenon, a biological fact, existed, of course, and was also addressed in veiled or open language. This article examines a selection of relevant literary and didactic works that shed more light on this issue.


A comparison between the current Soviet approach to regional conflicts and that which dominated during the latter years of the Brezhnev era shows that in terms of both theory and practice the current Soviet leadership has gone a long way towards promoting negotiated settlements, particularly for the conflicts in Afghanistan and Angola. Soviet flexibility is premised on the realization that such conflicts have 'local' causes that must be addressed, and that stability in the Third World at this juncture is a prerequisite for stable East‐West relations. At the same time, however, the Soviet Union is attempting to ensure that 'political settlements for regional conflicts' do not disturb its patron‐client relationship with beleaguered allies in the developing world.


Based on literature review and field surveys, the impact of the local government behaviour upon the development of regional brands has been examined. The result shows that economic policies of the local government, provision of public facilities, elimination of external influences, maintenance of market order,and marketing by the local government all contribute to the promotion of regional brands. Both business and public market environments play mediating roles in the whole process.


A patient with the hepatopulmonary syndrome with extrapulmonary Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) accumulation and a segmental perfusion defect is described. Tc-99m MAA imaging in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome typically shows heterogeneous pulmonary perfusion. Segmental defects that mimic pulmonary embolism have also been reported.


Abstract : This report describes a software package developed in-house by RADC to measure counts, averages, and percentages relative to the usage of constructs and features of the JOVIAL J3 high order language by programmers. The numbers of occurrences of certain language features are obtained by processing the input JOVIAL J3 sources program in a manner similar to that employed by the front end of a compiler. This data is then used to calculate other quantities, averages, and percentages. Hash coding of identifiers in the input program and any associated compools, and a symbol table in which information about these identifiers is recorded are used to assist in the statistics collection process. This statistics collector is expected to be a valuable tool in the development of JOVIAL J3 and other programming languages by providing guidance relative to (1) more effective methods of programming, (2) implementation of compilers with greater efficiency, and (3) possible language changes. This report also includes a summary of the syntax, semantics, and computer system interface errors made by the implementor in the process of development of the software package. The visibility provided by this information is expected to increase understanding of the nature, causes, and methods of avoidance of software errors. (Author)


We propose a system that tracks each occupant's personal share of energy use, or "energy footprint," inside commercial building environments and provides insights to occupants on the real-time energy impact of their actions. We propose a new space-centric policy for fair apportionment of energy in shared environments and demonstrate a method for automatically determining space-centric energy zones. In this work, we design and implement ePrints, a system for tracking personalized energy usage in real-time. ePrints supports different apportionment policies, with microsecond-level footprint computation time and graceful scaling with size of building, frequency of energy updates, and rate of occupant location changes. Finally, we present applications enabled by our system, such as mobile and wearable applications to provide users timely feedback on the energy impacts of their actions, as well as applications to provide energy saving suggestions and inform building-level policies.


Numerical investigation using SIMPLE algorithm with QUICK scheme for indoor natural convection and heat transfer with building envelop has been conducted.The parameter range:Prandtl number is 0.701.Thermal conductivity number changes from 0 to 30.Rayleigh number changes from 103to 105.The results suggest that with increase of the thickness of building envelop,flow and heat transfer turn slighter.When the thickness of building envelop is over some critical value,it can be found that flow and heat transfer will turn slow.With increase of the thermal conductivity of building envelop,flow and heat transfer turn stronger.The temperature distribution changes obviously.When the thermal conductivity of building envelop is over some critical value,it can be found that the increasing trend of flow and heat transfer may be skip.


We describe the lattice of the ideals generated by projections and prove a characterization of the ideal property for large classes of crossed products of commutative C*-algebras by discrete, amenable groups; some applications are also given. We prove that the crossed product of a C*-algebra with the ideal property by a group with the ideal property may fail to have the ideal property; this answers a question of Shuzhou Wang.


This is a delightful little book written charmingly by a man who apparently has been a professor at Dartmouth. Fifteen years ago he suffered a heart attack and now he relates well his emotions, his experiences, and the good use he made of his experience. Would to God that every man who had a heart attack could accept it as wisely and urbanely as this man has done. When told he had had a heart attack, Mr. West maintains that he was not shocked, having been reasonably sure of it from the beginning. Interestingly, he says that he did not mind when he lost his belief in a personal immortality because he was "unable to consider a worse fate than to have to live forever." When a minister kept calling on him, he finally accepted him "as a friend, and not as a Man of God." When asked if he


At the last MT Summit conference this century, this paper looks back briefly at what has happened in the 50 years since MT began, reviews the present situation, and speculates on what the future may bring. Progress in the basic processes of computerized translation has not been as dramatic as developments in computer technology and software. There is still much scope for the improvement of the linguistic quality of MT output, which hopefully developments in both rule-based and corpus-based methods can bring. Greater impact on the future MT scenario will probably come from the expected huge increase in demand for on-line real-time communication in many languages, where quality may be less important than accessibility and usability.


Wideband, entirely planar microstrip forward wave couplers are described. The technique uses a wiggly coupler structure in which the difference between odd- and even-mode phase velocities is controlled at any desired value by the amount of wiggle depth introduced between the conductors. In this way, forward coupling levels up to almost 0 dB can be achieved without the need for close conductor spacing. Exact closed-form expressions are given for the S-parameters of the coupler.


The current proposed methods for fault diagnosis of power systems, including expert system, artificial neural network, optimization method, Petri network, rough set theory, fuzzy set theory and multi-agent technology, are surveyed in this paper. The characteristics and applicability of those methods is briefly analyzed and also, the existing drawbacks and their improvements are given. Finally, several key technical issues and the main development trends of the topic are pointed out to solve the practical problems and motivate further developments.


One of the most important data mining tasks is discovery of frequently occurring patterns in sequences of events. Many algorithms for finding various patterns in sequential data have been proposed recently. Researchers concentrated on different classes of patterns, which resulted in many different models and formulations of the problem. In this paper a uniform formulation of the problem of mining frequent patterns in sequential data is provided together with an SQL-like language capable of expressing queries concerning all classes of patterns. An issue of materializing discovered patterns for further selective analysis is also addressed by introducing a concept of knowledge snapshots.


The paper aimed at evaluating the seasonal changes in quality of wastewater from facilities producing fruit and vegetable juices, processed and frozen products, and vegetable concentrates. The study revealed that wastewater from fruit and vegetable industry contain large amounts of organic substances expressed as BOD5 (minimum – 500 mgO2/dm3, maximum – 6 100 mgO 2 /dm 3 ) and COD (minimum – 806 mg O 2 /dm 3 , maximum – 7 732 mg O 2 /dm 3 ), while is deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Considerable seasonal oscillations in sewage load disposed by industry to sewerage, were observed. An increase of 50%–60% wastewater concentrations was found between June and October in 2013–2016 as compared to the remaining months.


Puerperal myocarditis is a rare condition to which attention was first drawn by Gouley, McMillan, and Bellet (1937). Subsequently more cases were reported, mostly from America; there are reports of 4 cases from this country: 3 by Brigden (1957), and 1 by Rosen (1959). The condition shows a uniform clinical and pathological picture, characterized by congestive cardiac failure in the third trimester of pregnancy or more commonly the puerperium, with degeneration and fibrosis of the myocardium. A review of unusual cardiac deaths that came to necropsy in this department revealed an interesting case in a woman of 24 years who died of acute pulmonary cedema six days after childbirth, and 32 hours after the onset of symptoms. She was found to have a florid acute myocarditis. The case is unusual in that the clinical and histological pictures are quite different from those described for the post-partum myocardial disease, and also in that an acute myocarditis could produce a clinical picture resembling coronary artery disease or pulmonary embolism, but showing non-specific electrocardiographic changes of gross myocardial damage.


Solids show the feature of internal friction and the feature of fatigue. As a cause for the both features we assume the migration of atomic items. The driving forces for the migration of the atomic items can be mechanical stress gradients and temperature gradients. In an earlier publication formulas have been derived for the internal friction and for the fatigue. From these formulas follows a relation between internal friction and fatigue. The mechanical stress gradients are the cause of the background of internal friction which shows a monotonous rise with temperature. Temperature gradients in the solid can be produced by total internal friction. In contrast to the background of internal friction the temperature dependence of the total internal friction shows maxima and minima. Because of the relations between internal friction and fatigue the temperature dependence of fatigue shows that the fatigue is caused by temperature gradients. The relation between internal friction and fatigue also shows the influence of the internal friction on the fatigue curve.


..................................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................. 4 ABBREVIATION: ............................................................................................................ 7 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ........................................................... 10 1.1. Anatomical and physiological characteristics of OT .......................................................... 10 1.2. OT in human affiliation .................................................................................................... 11 1.3. OT in sexual behaviours ................................................................................................... 12 1.4. OT in labour and lactation ................................................................................................ 12 1.5. OT in parental bonding and parental attachment ............................................................... 13 1.6 OT in mothering behaviours. ............................................................................................ 14 1.7 The ERP technique and applications on study of adults' responses to child 's signals ........ 15 CHAPTER 2: AIMS OF THE STUDY ............................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................... 21 3.1 Study participants and recruitments ......................................................................................... 21 3.2 The procedure of the ERP experiment and the questionnaire. ................................................... 22 3.3. Administration of study drug .................................................................................................. 24 3.4 Testing hypotheses and data analyses ............................................................................... 25 3.4.1 Records of Event-related brain potentials. ..................................................................... 25 3.4.2 Assessment of mother-infant bonding via questionnaire data ............................................ 25 3.5 Ethical consideration ........................................................................................................ 25 3.6 Statistical methodology .................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS ................................................................................................. 27 -


The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports that cycads (order Cycadales) are the most threatened plant group in the world. The order Cycadales includes over 340 named species in three families: Zamiaceae and Stangeriaceae (represented in South Africa by the genera Encephalartos and Stangeria respectively) and the Cycadaceae. Around 60% of the known and named species of the order Cycadales are presently threatened with extinction in the wild. Over 90% of the South African representatives of this plant order are considered to be Species of Conservation Concern!


Seventy-six patients undergoing general endotracheal anesthesia were studied prospectively to determine whether simply taping the eyelids dosed during the surgical procedure as opposed to taping the lids after instilling a bland lubricating ointment had any different effect on corneal or conjunctival epithelium. No significant difference was found.


A boring head for processing hole is provided. The boring head includes a hollow main-shaft, a shell with forked tail fixedly connected with front end of the hollow main shaft, a first conical gear fit on the shell, an extending sheath mounted in axial direction of the conical gear, a screw mandrel connected with inner hole of the conical gear via screw thread and fixed on a cutter table which is provided with a dovetail groove guide rail and used for accommodating cutters, a second conical gear mounted at front end of transmission shaft in the hollow main-shaft and engaged with the first conical gear, a first position-control motor fixedly connected at rear end of the hollow main-shaft and used for driving rotation of the transmission shaft, two bearings for locating the hollow main-shaft in a sliding bush mounted in a slider, a second position-control motor mounted on the slider and used for driving another screw mandrel to rotate via a pair of gears, a nut arranged on the screw rod and connected with the sliding bush, and a shell fixed on the sliding bush and connected with a decelerator.


The subject of this contribution is the model of the professional contract as it increasingly must operate in the international flows of goods, services, money, information and technology, which flows are now far larger than any domestic ones as manifested in particular in international supply, production and distribution chains and in international finance. Legally to continue to require the cutting up of those flows and the transactions therein into domestic pieces in the hope that they together present a proper legal framework for these economically integrated activities is no longer rational if only because these domestic laws were never made for them.


Background: Changes in the level of lipid profile had been suggested as a risk factor for those patients, developing an ischemic stroke opposite to that with haemornhgic stroke. Patients and Methods: This study was included by (50) patients who experienced an ischemic stroke and (50) patients with haemorrhgic stroke of either sex during their admission to Azadi teaching hospital through period of 10th of October 2013 and 10th of October 2014, with an acute onset after full clinical examination and radiological investigation. The aim of the study was for evaluation of lipid profile with 8-12 hours overnight fasting. By enzymatic colorimetric method. Results: For those patients with an ischemic stroke (40%) of them had high total cholesterol followed by (14%) of same group with low level of high density lipoproten cholesterol. Triglyceride level was nearly same in both an ischemic and haemorrhgic study groups with no different in between them regarding low density cholesterol. Conclusion: An ischemic stroke patients had higher level of total cholesterol and lower level of high density cholesterol level, than those with haemorrhgic stroke.


We present the development of a semi-supervised regression method using variational autoencoders (VAE), which is customized for use in soft sensing applications. We motivate the use of semi-supervised learning considering the fact that process quality variables are not collected at the same frequency as other process variables leading to many unlabelled records in operational datasets. These unlabelled records are not possible to use for training quality variable predictions based on supervised learning methods. Use of VAEs for unsupervised learning is well established and recently they were used for regression applications based on variational inference procedures. We extend this approach of supervised VAEs for regression (SVAER) to make it learn from unlabelled data leading to semi-supervised VAEs for regression (SSVAER), then we make further modifications to their architecture using additional regularization components to make SSVAER well suited for learning from both labelled and unlabelled process data. The probabilistic regressor resulting from the variational approach makes it possible to estimate the variance of the predictions simultaneously, which provides an uncertainty quantification along with the generated predictions. We provide an extensive comparative study of SSVAER with other publicly available semi-supervised and supervised learning methods on two benchmark problems using fixed-size datasets, where we vary the percentage of labelled data available for training. In these experiments, SSVAER achieves the lowest test errors in 11 of the 20 studied cases, compared to other methods where the second best gets 4 lowest test errors out of the 20.


This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mugwort powder on the quality characteristics of sponge cake. Mugwort powder sponge cake was prepared with different ration of mugwort powder(0, 5, 10, 15, 20%). The specific gravity, baking loss rate and cake weight increases as the ration of mugwort powder. The sponge cake"s a, b level increased with the increasing level of mugwort powder 20% appeared to be the highest. In terms of textural characteristics, the samples containing 5, 10, and 20% mugwort powder had significantly higher hardness than the control samples. The substance"s level of springiness, and cohesiveness decreased as the mugwort powder added. In sensory evaluation, overall acceptability and taste of the cake was better than the others when 10% mugwort powder was added. The results indicated that substituting 10% mugwort powder to sponge cake is optimal for quality and provides a product with reasonable high overall acceptability.


In 1975 the Bolivian Agricultural Bank (BAB) with the assistance of a loan from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) established the Small Farmer Credit Program (PCPA) in an effort to improve agricultural production and inco me distribution in rural Bolivia, which contains about 70 percent of the Bolivian popula tion. Prior to that time, most of the agricultural credit from BAB and the rest of the Bolivian formal market financial institutions had been concentrated in loans to medium ? and large ? size farmers, especially in the recently developed commercial farming area of the Eastern lowlands.


Mate-analysis is a newbrand empirical research method in literature review.In the meta-analysis of the effect of lexical approach in ELT writing,the study not only briefly introduces its steps and the use of RevMan,but also shows the positive and significant effect of lexical approach in promoting ELT writing of Chinese university students.Mate-analysis should be paid great attention to,studied and applied widely in foreign language research.


Abstract Parasitic gastroenteritis is one of the major limiting factors for optimum productivity in small ruminants. The present study was carried out to determine the seasonal alteration in prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths (GIH) and intensity of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in goats of New Alluvial zone (NAZ) of West Bengal. A total of 4320 faecal samples of goats from six different places of NAZ were examined by the standard coprological techniques for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites during January 2014 to December 2015. The meteorological data of the study area were also collected from the Regional Meteorological Station, Kolkata. The prevalence of GIH was recorded as 70.52% and Strongyle (65.18%) group of nematodes was found significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other helminths. Highest (p < 0.05) prevalence (85.11%) as well as intensity of GIN infection (EPG = 640) was observed in monsoon and lowest (p < 0.05) prevalence (60.55%) and intensity (EPG = 340) was recorded in summer. Haemonchus contortus was found to be the predominant GIN species. The observations of the present study both in terms of parasite epidemiology and meteorological data should be utilised for planning strategic control measures against GI helminths in goats of NAZ of West Bengal.


The paper deals about suppression of migration during low pressure annealing for selective epitaxial growth on ultra-thin SOI. The novel process sequence was proposed that satisfies both the suppression of the migration and the removal of native oxide by controlling the pressure and the temperature of hydrogen annealing. The proposed process was successfully applied for the formation of elevated source and drain structure fabricated on ultra-thin SOI wafer.


A variant of 9°N DNA polymerase [Genbank ID (AAA88769.1)] with three mutations (D141A, E143A, A485L) and commercialized under the name "Therminator DNA polymerase" has the ability to incorporate a variety of modified nucleotide classes. This Review focuses on how Therminator DNA Polymerase has enabled new technologies in synthetic biology and DNA sequencing. In addition, we discuss mechanisms for increased modified nucleotide incorporation.


Reducing transport costs of the present invention is a large steel plate, etc. In the transport vehicle for transporting a wide cargo, iron hameuroseo to improve the structure of the mounting frame can be transferred to wide goods such as a large steel plate in a reasonable manner, such as the wide cargo is produced in steel mills can contribute to the well, would it be able to eradicate the illegal activity, including violation of the road Traffic act in accordance with the transfer of wide cargo. Steel plate, etc. in constituting the loading area 101, stacked device 102 that can be installed in the decomposition erected on top of the wide freight vehicle 100, the fixed frame 10 to be installed in the decomposition prefabricated in charger 101 is connected between the connected by 11, of by a mounting frame 13, the upper portion of the post 12 is installed on the connection between 11 to chukpin 14 installed to be angular, and each of the mounting frame 13 tip of fixing the connecting bar 17 and the side opposite is installed, the stopper 15 of each one pairs of slip-proof retaining grooves 16 formed respectively in the lower side, each in duplicate, and the lower end of each of the loading frame 13 if to install the lifting cylinder 21 for adjusting the inclination of the loading frame (13) actuating the lifting cylinder (21) mounting frame 13. this will be configured so as to be capable of moving obliquely to each movement starting from chukpin 14. Wide cargo loading area, trucks, trailers, loaded device, transportation, hydraulic, frame, cylinder


Positive political theory has developed important predictive insights into judicial interpretation of statutes, specifically what structural conditions lead judges to defer to the preferences of the legislature. Where the legislature can easily reverse judicial decisions, "strategic" judges are more constrained in interpreting statutes. This paper extends the structural model to include political factors. It then develops a comparative empirical test of the model and shows the model has explanatory power.


We numerically demonstrate a designed plasmonic nanocluster can function as nanoscopic polarization analyzer to a quantum emitter. Up to ten polarization states of such source can be distinguished.


Abstract The seventeenth century witnesses the steady demise of the fragmented or overlapping power regimes that had been rooted in the European Middle Ages. Centralized control increasingly structures emerging states. Jean Racine's La Thébaïde, recreating a chapter in the Oedipus myth, displays the Hobbesian drive for undivided sovereignty pushed to its logical conclusion: even two shareholders in power become one too many. Legal norms are constantly invoked to resolve a political and military power struggle, including discourses of absolute and shared sovereignty, separations of powers, popular consent, public welfare, national interest (raison d'état), natural law, and just war. Far from overcoming a brute power dynamic, those legal discourses show how the emerging modern state turns them into a tool of coercive power.


The thermo–chemo–mechanical coupling on the thermal shock resistance of 20 vol%-ZrB2–15 vol%-SiC–graphite composite is investigated with the use of a self-developed material testing system. In each test, a specimen under prescribed constant tensile pre-stress (σ0 = 0, 10, 20 and 30 MPa) was subjected to 60 cycles of thermal shock. In each cycle, the specimen was heated from room temperature to 2000 °C within 5 s in an air atmosphere or an Ar atmosphere. The residual flexural strength of each specimen was tested, and the fracture morphology was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were three different regions in the fracture surface of a specimen tested in the air, while no such difference could be observed in the fracture surfaces of the specimens that were tested in Ar. The residual flexural strength of the composite that was tested in Ar generally decreases with the increase of σ0. However, in the range of 0 ≤ σ0 ≤ 10 MPa, the residual flexural strength of the composite that was tested in the air ascended with the increase of σ0 due to the healing effect of oxidation, but it descended thereafter with a further increase of σ0, as the effect pre-stress that became prominent.


In this article, we focus on schematically reviewing and developing the topic: What should the role of general practitioners (GPs) be in monitoring patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with sarilumab? Updated treatment indications, doses, indications for use, and other characteristics of treatment have been exhaustively addressed in previous articles. Biological therapies are a reality that cannot be ignored in the therapeutic approach to several diseases, including rheumatic diseases. This represents a significant therapeutic innovation in the present as well as strong potential for development and implementation in the immediate future. Consequently, GPs should tend towards treatment with biological therapies, including them in their therapeutic resources. They should therefore become familiar with every aspect concerning the correct management and administration of the patient's medication (in this case sarilumab) and remain up-to-date on the topic. Furthermore, they should also evaluate the presence of comorbidities, polypharmacy, and possible interactions through early detection of adverse reactions and monitoring the degree of treatment adherence, etc. Overall, all of this enhances the efficacy and safety of the treatment, resulting in a higher quality of care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. © 2018 Sociedad Española de Reumatología. All rights reserved. Document downloaded from http://www.reumatologiaclinica.org/, day 10/07/2019. This copy is for personal use. Any transmission of this document by any media or format is strictly prohibited.


The relationship between Serialization and XML is introduced,then how to serialize the object to a XML file and de_serialize a XML file to the object is discussed and the principle of XML serialize formatter is analyzed.Using the method of XML Serialization can easily serialize the object ot a XML file.


In order to reduce the interconnect resistance and capacitance (RC) time delay of a semiconductor integrated circuit, a more porous dielectric material is used in recent interconnection for lower dielectric constant. However, it is difficult to use highly porous low-k dielectric materials at the narrow pitch because it is easily damaged during the plasma etching processes. In this study, as one of the plasma induced damage reduction methods in the etching of porous low-k dielectric, RF pulsed plasma methods have been investigated by using a dual frequency capacitively coupled plasma etching system. RF pulsed plasmas generated more polymerizing species and less UV compared to continuous wave plasmas and showed reduced damaged layer compared to the conventional continuous wave plasma etching. Porous SiCOH dielectric patterned with a TiN hard mask was etched using the RF pulsed plasmas and the results showed more anisotropic etching profiles with less sidewall damages, which was estimated by the thickness loss of sidewall low-k material after dipping into a diluted HF solution. Therefore, it is believed that the RF pulsed plasma etching process of ultra low-k dielectric materials can improve the RC time delay related to plasma damage for the next interconnect manufacturing technology.


A time changeable broadband linear frequency modulated(LFM) signal receiver has been designed and manufactured.The receiver consists of A/D module,DDC module and pulse compression module.The theory and realization of real time digital pulse compression in time domain are introduced in this paper.It is proved that the center frequency is 70 MHz and the bandwidth is 25 MHz.The time width is 10~25 μs,the ratio of mainlobe to sidelobe can reach 40 dB.


Background Prior studies indicated a decrease in the incidences of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated differences in the incidence, severity of aSAH presentation, and ruptured aneurysm treatment modality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding year. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study including 49 countries and 187 centres. We recorded volumes for COVID-19 hospitalisations, aSAH hospitalisations, Hunt-Hess grade, coiling, clipping and aSAH in-hospital mortality. Diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes or stroke databases from January 2019 to May 2021. Results Over the study period, there were 16 247 aSAH admissions, 344 491 COVID-19 admissions, 8300 ruptured aneurysm coiling and 4240 ruptured aneurysm clipping procedures. Declines were observed in aSAH admissions (−6.4% (95% CI −7.0% to −5.8%), p=0.0001) during the first year of the pandemic compared with the prior year, most pronounced in high-volume SAH and high-volume COVID-19 hospitals. There was a trend towards a decline in mild and moderate presentations of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) (mild: −5% (95% CI −5.9% to –4.3%), p=0.06; moderate: −8.3% (95% CI −10.2% to –6.7%), p=0.06) but no difference in higher SAH severity. The ruptured aneurysm clipping rate remained unchanged (30.7% vs 31.2%, p=0.58), whereas ruptured aneurysm coiling increased (53.97% vs 56.5%, p=0.009). There was no difference in aSAH in-hospital mortality rate (19.1% vs 20.1%, p=0.12). Conclusion During the first year of the pandemic, there was a decrease in aSAH admissions volume, driven by a decrease in mild to moderate presentation of aSAH. There was an increase in the ruptured aneurysm coiling rate but neither change in the ruptured aneurysm clipping rate nor change in aSAH in-hospital mortality. Trial registration number NCT04934020.


One of the serious concerns in network design is creating an efficient and appropriate network capable of efficiently migrating the passenger's mode of transportation from private to public. The main goal of this study is to present an improved model for combining the feeder bus network design system and the railway transit system while minimizing total cost. In this study, the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and the water cycle algorithm (WCA) were employed to optimize feeder bus and railway services. The case study and input data were based on a real transit network in Petaling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Numerical results for the proposed model, including the optimal solution, statistical optimization results and the convergence rate, as well as comparisons are discussed in detail.


A proxy switch, communication methods, and communication logic for use in a mobile network are described. A proxy switch is deployed between a base station subsystem and a mobile station center. It receives signaling messages and either retransmits them, blocks them, converts them, or siphons them to an alternative network. Besides providing an ability to offload offload mobile traffic it provides a platform for new communication services. A mobile communications network has at least one BS, at least one MS, at least one MSC, and at least one switch in communication with at least one of the BSs and the at least one of the MSCs. A BS is in trunk line communication with the switch and the trunk line communication is organized as bearer circuits, each bearer circuit identifiable with a circuit identification code (CIC). The switch receives signaling messages from the BS and determines if a call corresponding to the signaling message is to be handled by the alternative communication network. If so, the switch assigns a CIC for a bearer circuit for the call and communicates the CIC to the BS. Thereafter, the switch receives information on the CIC-identified bearer circuit and forwards the received information to the alternative network.


Water resources are vital to the energy conversion process but few efforts have been devoted to the joint optimization problem which is fundamentally critical to the water-energy nexus for small-scale or remote energy systems (e.g., energy hubs). Traditional water and energy trading mechanisms depend on centralized authorities and cannot preserve security and privacy effectively. Also, their transaction process cannot be verified and is subject to easy tampering and frequent exposures to cyberattacks, forgery, and network failures. Toward that end, water-energy hubs (WEHs) offers a promising way to analyse water-energy nexus for greater resource utilization efficiency. We propose a two-stage blockchain-based transactive management method for multiple, interconnected WEHs. Our method considers peer-to-peer (P2P) trading and demand response, and leverages blockchain to create a secure trading environment. It features auditing and resource transaction record management via system aggregators enabled by a consortium blockchain, and entails spatial-temporal distributionally robust optimization (DRO) for renewable generation and load uncertainties. A spatial-temporal ambiguity set is incorporated in DRO to characterize the spatial-temporal dependencies of the uncertainties in distributed renewable generation and load demand. We conduct a simulation-based evaluation that includes robust optimization and the moment-based DRO as benchmarks. The results reveal that our method is consistently more effective than both benchmarks. Key findings include i) our method reduces conservativeness with lower WEH trading and operation costs, and achieves important performance improvements by up to 6.1%; and ii) our method is efficient and requires 18.7% less computational time than the moment-based DRO. Overall, this study contributes to the extant literature by proposing a novel two-stage blockchain-based WEH transaction method, developing a realistic spatial-temporal ambiguity set to effectively hedge against the uncertainties for distributed renewable generation and load demand, and producing empirical evidence suggesting its greater effectiveness and values than several prevalent methods.


Accountability has become elusive in the context of migration control, especially at the external borders of the EU. In the Central Mediterranean, a regime of cooperative interdiction has developed since 2017 whereby migrants fleeing the North African shores by boat are intercepted and forcibly returned to Libya, without ever entering European jurisdiction. This article scrutinises practices of strategic litigation by Italian lawyers who have sought to destabilise this regime of externalised control, which emerged after the 2017 Libya–Italy Memorandum of Understanding. It outlines the difficulties of litigation seeking to challenge deterrence measures and shows the variety of actions lawyers have had to come up with to address Europe and Italy's role in this system. The analysis of this litigation sheds light on the dynamic shape that both sovereignty and migration control take on in transnational contexts of governance, and how legal scales become blurred across local, national, and international jurisdictions. I argue that accountability for migration control is rendered elusive by the fact that Europe's external maritime border is governed via scalar elasticity. In practice, this is a form of governance that takes place across a multiplicity of legal scales, whilst authoritatively referring to statist scalar visions


The method and the associated graphical representations proposed in this paper facilitate the interpretation of the correspondence analysis (CA) of a samples/species data table. By using the "reciprocal discrimination" model of CA, this method introduces directly and on the same graph the notions of niche width and within—sample diversity. We propose two Macintosh programs for computing conditional means, variances, and covariances of factor scores for species and samples, and for drawing ellipses and Gaussian curves from these values. Two examples of ecological interest show how resulting graphics help in understanding the results of multivariate analyses.


We use dry CO oxidation to probe CuII dimers in Cu−CHA catalysts in the presence of ammonia. Samples with different Cu/Al and Si/Al ratios were exposed to CO in He at 200 °C after either one of two catalyst pre‐treatments: (i) pre‐oxidization in 8 % O2/He at 550 °C for 1 hour; (ii) pre‐oxidation in 8 % O2/He at 550 °C for 1 hour followed by NH3 saturation at 200 °C in O2. Pre‐adsorbed NH3 was necessary to observe a significant CO2 evolution, the rate of CO2 formation being second order in the CuIIOH fraction of the CuII sites. This is direct evidence that NH3, not involved in the CO oxidation chemistry, favours the formation of CuII dimers with removable oxygen by ligating with and mobilizing isolated CuIIOH ions, otherwise inactive. These findings are relevant for the low‐temperature NH3−SCR redox mechanism over Cu−CHA, in which CuII dimers may play a role in parallel or in alternative to the isolated CuII sites so far proposed for the reduction half cycle of standard SCR.


Novel complex chlorides have been obtained by reacting TiCl4, VOCl3, MoOCl4, WOCl4, or AlCl3, with Be, Mg, Ca, or Sr chlorides in the presence of electron donors such as POCl3 (L) or C6H5POCl2, (L′). The resulting products, obtained with good yield, show defined stoichimetry, ionic character, and crystalline structure, and may be considered reference systems for high-yield catalysts in the low-pressure polymerization of ethylene (HDPE). Complexes (TiCl6)MgL6, (TiCl5L′)2 MgL′6, and (Ti2Cl10)MgL6 associated with (i-C4H9)3Al were found very active in HDPE synthesis, but completely unable to polymerize propylene. This result and other evidence suggest that part of the catalytic activity of these systems is displayed by soluble species. The role played by the Mg ion in high-yield catalysts is displayed by soluble species. The role played by the Mg ion in high-yield catalysts is discussed in the light of the peculiar behavior shown by the complex chlorides containing this earth-alkali metal.


Aim: The aim of this work was to find new fungal sources of biosurfactants via bioprospecting and to produce biosurfactants from fungal isolates using inexpensive culture media. Methodology: Bioprocess tests were conducted with five fungal species isolated from soil from the Amazon region in order to investigate which of them presented the highest productivity in a kinetics experiment. The possibility of using the peels from the fruit of Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer (PFAC), Bactris gasipaes Kunth (PFBG), Theobroma grandiflorum Schumann (PFTG), Musa Original Research Article Sanches et al.; BJI, 21(1): 1-9, 2018; Article no.BJI.39405 2 paradisiaca (PFMP) as substrates was also evaluated. Results: Fusarium oxysporum LM 5634 had the highest productivity, and PFBG was the best substrate for biosurfactant production. Conclusion: Thus, the present study showed the potential of fungi and wastes (fruit peels) from the Amazon region for biosurfactant production.


Insulin resistance(IR) plays an important role in etiology and pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). The understanding for mechenism and pathophysiology of PCOS and IR contributes for us to select appropriate treatment method. This article reviewed relation between PCOS and IR, and progress in treatment for women with PCOS, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable use of drugs for patients with PCOS.


Zeolites are porous alumino-silicate materials with properties that result in a wide range of industrial applications. Predictions of zeolite properties can enhance higher performance and economic value for many industries. In this research, the structure and ion exchange behaviour of synthetic zeolite N is modelled using computational chemistry techniques. Modelled outcomes are compared with experimental data that are also obtained on natural zeolites from two Australian deposits. This research shows that a precise understanding and prediction of zeolite chemical and physical properties can be achieved by correlated atomic-scale modelling and high-quality experimental techniques.


This paper set out from the perspective of learning power, giving a comprehensive evaluation on learning ability and learning motivation with the fuzzy evaluating method, according to the different evaluation results, using the grid map to realize the Stratification of web-based learners. We have come one step closer to the improvement and perfection of an ideal individual network teaching.


1. The effect of temperature on the neuromuscular transmission of the frog's sartorius muscle was studied, with the intracellular electrode, at temperatures between 10°C. and 20°C.2. The end-plate potential diminished, in general, in amplitude as the temperature was lowered. The rate of change in the amplitude was large in the condition that the output of the transmitter from the nerve endings was reduced.3. The probability of appearance of end-plate potential recorded from the preparation soaked in a solution of a low calcium and high magnesium concentration was smaller at lower temperature.4. The effects of temperature on the time course of end-plate potential were considerably great, not only on the rising phase (Q10=2.7), but also on the falling phase of end-plate potential (Q10=2.2). The falling phase of polarized membrane potential was little influenced by temperature.5. The time course of displacement of total charge during the end-plate potential was remarkably lengthened at lower temparature.6. In the eserinized end-plate potential the temperature change had little effect on the falling phase, but the rate of change in the amplitude was greater than that of the non-eserinized end-plate potential.7. The frequency of the spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials had a considerably high temperature coefficient, the mean Q10 being 4.0.8. From these results it may be concluded that an increase in the amplitude of the end-plate potential at higher temperature is mainly due to an increase in output of the transmitter from the nerve endings, and the relatively high temperature coefficient of the falling phase of the end-plate potential is due to a prolongation of transmitter activity at lower temperature.


The dynamics of a vortex ring moving orthogonally to the rotation vector of a uniformly rotating fluid is analysed by laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. In the rotating system the vortex ring describes a curved trajectory, turning in the opposite sense to the system's anti-clockwise rotation. This behaviour has been explained by using the analogy with the motion of a sphere in a rotating fluid for which Proudman (1916) computed the forces acting on the body surface. Measurements have revealed that the angular velocity of the vortex ring in its curved trajectory is opposite to the background rotation rate, so that the vortex has a fixed orientation in an inertial frame of reference and that the curvature increases proportionally to the rotation rate. The dynamics of the vorticity of the vortex ring is affected by the background rotation in such a way that the part of the vortex core in clockwise rotation shrinks while the anti-clockwise-rotating core part widens. By this opposite forcing on either side of the vortex core Kelvin waves are excited, travelling along the toroidal axis of the vortex ring, with a net mass flow which is responsible for the accumulation of passive scalars on the anti-clockwise-rotating core part. In addition, the curved motion of the vortex ring modifies its self-induced strain field, resulting in stripping of vorticity filaments at the front of the vortex ring from the anti-clockwise-rotating core part and at the rear from the core part in clockwise rotation. Vortex lines, being deflected by the main vortex ring due to induction of relative vorticity, are stretched by the local straining field and form a horizontally extending vortex pair behind the vortex ring. This vortex pair propagates by its self-induced motion towards the clockwise-rotating side of the vortex ring and thus contributes to the deformation of the ring core. The deflection of vortex lines from the main vortex ring persists during the whole motion and is responsible for the gradual erosion of the coherent toroidal structure of the initial vortex ring.


The dimension stone polishing consists of eliminating the surface roughness of the slabs with the use of fickerts. The main tools used for this activity are composed of epoxy resin, derived from petroleum, which contains chemical elements with harmful potential to the environment and human health. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to develop new technologies with the lowest environmental impact in the life cycle, from the raw material acquisition to the waste disposal. This study aims to contribute to the improvement of an ecological fickert developed by the Centre for Mineral Technology (CETEM). The fickerts presented here are composed of castor oil resin, silicon carbide and silica from rice hull ash. Two different compositional formulas were used for the preparation of the pieces that were tested in an industrial polishing machine. The results showed that the formula with higher percentage of fillers showed better performance, expressed by the relation between the loss of mass of the pieces and the increase of gloss on the surface of the slab. Other particularities of the product, as the high abrasion resistance of the matrix that reduced the cutting function, could be solved by choosing a filler with a lower hardness. This fact allows to infer that this line of research presents great potential of applicability in the dimension stones market.


One of the challenges of obtaining authentic information on the historical foundation of metal technology in Africa is lack of data. This is also the case in establishing the great role played by the Igbos of Eastern Nigeria in establishing an indigenous metal industry that could have ushered in the much celebrated industrial revolution at least in this part of the planet. This dearth of authentic written information has given to two schools of thoughts,one that claims an independence of origin and the other that proffers the theory of diffusion. This dichotomy necessitates further investigation. This 'work' tries to establish more facts on this by digging some unknown areas in African historical archive. The area of Igboland discovered is Okpogho Community in Igboland of Eastern Nigeria. The available evidence reversed the old conception of the cradle of metal technology in Igboland and by extension, Africa. The result shows an independence of origin in African metallurgical evolution.


The iron content of the domestic copper factory's waste copper slag is generally higher than 40 percent,but the iron major exists as iron rich(2FeO·SiO_2) and magnetite phase(Fe_3O_4),which is difficult to directly use.Through high-temperature melting of the copper slag,we studied the enrichment of component of iron in copper slag,the component of iron in olivine will first change into magnetite phase(Fe_3O_4).Finally,It will be recovered through the magnetic separation.The grade of iron concentrate is more than 61%.It is fully satisfied the requirements of raw material of blast furnace for iron-smelting.


Simple Summary DNA damage response (DDR)-related proteins contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and drug resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of DDR-related proteins, such as checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), exerts antitumor effects but has serious side effects. Therefore, we attempted to specifically kill cancer cells with low concentrations of drugs by simultaneously inhibiting two DDR-related proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that the combined treatment with ataxia telangiectasia-mutated serine/threonine kinase (ATM) inhibitor (ATMi) and Chk1 inhibitor (Chk1i) exerts synergistic antitumor effects and induces cancer-specific synthetic lethality at low doses. The ATMi and Chk1i combination synergistically promotes CDK1 activation, resulting in the induction of apoptosis with enhanced cell cycle progression in cancer cells. Considering that the combined treatment exerts antitumor effects at one-tenth the concentrations described in previous reports, with high antitumor efficacy and few side effects it could be an effective treatment approach. Abstract Genetic abnormalities induce the DNA damage response (DDR), which enables DNA repair at cell cycle checkpoints. Although the DDR is thought to function in preventing the onset and progression of cancer, DDR-related proteins are also thought to contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and drug resistance by preventing irreparable genomic abnormalities from inducing cell death. In the present study, the combination of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated serine/threonine kinase (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibition exhibited synergistic antitumor effects and induced synergistic lethality in colorectal cancer cells at a low dose. The ATM and Chk1 inhibitors synergistically promoted the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 by decreasing the phosphorylation levels of T14 and Y15. Furthermore, the combined treatment increased the number of sub-G1-stage cells, phospho-histone H2A.X-positive cells, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells among colon cancer cells, suggesting that the therapy induces apoptosis. Finally, the combined treatment exhibited a robust antitumor activity in syngeneic tumor model mice. These findings should contribute to the development of new treatments for colorectal cancer that directly exploit the genomic instability of cancer cells.


Introduction: As serological immunomarkers like neopterin, β2-microglobulin, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and IL-6 have been described to be elevated in various malignancies, the aim of this study was to investigate whether they would be of diagnostic and prognostic value for leukemic and non-leukemic cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Patients and Methods: Forty-one CTCL patients from the lymphoma clinics of the Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, were tested for the serum levels of the above-mentioned immunomarkers at several time points, and clinical status and clinical outcome were recorded. Thirty-nine patients with CBCL and T cell inflammatory diseases served as controls. Results: The study revealed that neopterin, β2-MG and sIL-2R are significantly elevated in Sézary syndrome, whereby sIL-2R seemed to be the most sensitive marker and is typically increased in Sézary syndrome. Moreover, there is a correlation between tumor burden index values and serum parameters. Concerning the outcome of the disease (progression versus non-progression), only neopterin showed a significant prognostic value in non-leukemic CTCL patients. Conclusion: Serological immunomarkers are helpful tools in determining the tumor burden in CTCL and thus might be useful for disease monitoring during treatment. They may have prognostic value for predicting the clinical course.


The model described here will enable principals to help teachers develop computer skills and overcome their hesitancy to use them in the classroom.


A tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA)spacer arm was introduced between metal phthalocyanine and oxidized cellulose nanofibers for the preparation of spacer arm attached,CoPc functionalized nanofibers.The nanofibers were characterized by ATR-FTIR.The optimum immobilization condition was determined by single factor experimental method.The results showed that the immobilized metal phthalocyanine on the surface of nanofibers reached to 400μmol/g when NaIO4 concentration was 25mmol/L,oxidation temperature was 30°C,TEPA concentration was 10%,and glutaraldehyde concentration was 2%.With the introduction of spacer arm,the adsorption capacity of CoPc-s-NF to reactive red X-3Bdye was three times of that of metal phthalocyanine functionalized nanofibers(CoPc-NF)at pH 6.