Professor John Mulvaney, pioneer and champion of Australian archaeology, offers us some reflections from the vantage point of his eightieth year. On his retirement 20 years ago Antiquity was glad to publish his Retrospect (Mulvaney 1986), in which he described his awakening interest in history at Melbourne, his first visit to the Rollright Stones and his fruitful encounters with Gordon Childe, Graham Clark, Glyn Daniel, Mortimer Wheeler and many other great figures of the 50s, 60s and 70s in classrooms at Cambridge and in the field in England and Australia. This paper remains a classic of archaeological history which readers will find in our electronic archive (at http://www.antiquity.ac.uk). It ended with his (victorious) battle for the archaeological heritage of the Franklin River heritage of Tasmania in the early 1980s. Now he reflects on the subsequent decades in which much has changed. Of especial interest to our readers will be Professor Mulvaney's current assessment of the Aboriginal-European discourse and the management of the Australian heritage.


This document presents the benchmark SPECpower_ssj2008® which was developed and published by the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC®). SPECpower_ssj2008 measures the energy efficiency of volume server class computers by evaluating both the power and performance characteristics of the System Under Test (SUT). Because of SPECpower_ssj2008's defined measurement standard it allows the customers to compare the energy efficiency to other configurations and servers measured with SPECpower_ssj2008.


Starting with 2012, the Romanian entities had to comply with international regulation in reporting their individual financial statements. As a fact, several elements could have been changed, including their level of conservatism. The purpose of this research is to provide evidence about the level of conservatism that the Romanian entities have considering their size, their market to book ratio (MBR) and their level of indebtedness after the adoption of the new regulation. The research is conducted on panel data models, using a four year period of time for estimation. The results show that for MBR and for indebtedness indicator, the entities have higher good news timeliness, while for size and for indebtedness variables they have higher asymmetric timeliness after the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)


'EverGlade' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (Reg. no. CV-90, PI 634976) is a turf-type cultivar released in August 2004 by Jacklin Seed by Simplot, Post Falls, ID. Experimental designations for EverGlade were 94-2910 and J-2910. EverGlade originated as an apomictic, single-plant selection from the progeny of hybrid cross 92-4230, which was created in the field in June 1992 using Jacklin breeding line 92-0076 as the maternal parent and 'Midnight' (Meyer et al., 1984) as the pollen source. Isolation distance and not pollen bags were used to control pollination. 92-0076 is a dark green variety with medium-low turf quality, created in the field in 1990 as a progeny from an open-pollinated hybridization of Midnight Kentucky bluegrass. Seeds harvested from hybrid cross 924230 were sown in greenhouse flats in spring of 1993 and transplanted into a spaced-plant nursery of 40 701 plants. Offspring with characteristics dissimilar to 92-0076 were selected during maturation in spring of 1994. Plant number 94-2910 (the experimental designation for EverGlade) was identified as being unique from 92-0076 by the color and appearance of its seedhead. A single spaced plant of 94-2910 produced 56 g of clean seed, which is nearly four times the amount typical for a bluegrass spaced plant in Northern Idaho. Seed harvested from 94-2910 was tested in turf trials in Idaho beginning in 1994 at 13and 31-mm mowing heights. Further testing was initiated in 1997 in Maryland (at 9.5and 50-mmmowing heights), New Jersey, and Ohio. Seed yield was evaluated in trials in Idaho in 1998 and Washington in 1999. First Breeder seed was produced in 2000 and Certified seed in 2003, though none was sold until 2004. Progeny apomixis trials were conducted in a spaced-plant nursery established near Post Falls in 1999. Among 1267 EverGlade plants, 1.5% were variants in the vegetative (preheading) stage, 0.7% were heading maturity variants, 0% were seedhead variants, and 1.7% were miniature plants. In spacedplant nurseries, EverGlade averaged 96% apomixis, though the level varies in commercial seed production depending on weather, location, and year. Of the heading maturity variants, most are 5 to 10 cm taller than the majority plant form, with a more tan seedhead and yellow culm. Variants in the preheading stage show color and leaf width differences from the majority plant form. Variant plants appear to have greater susceptibility to production field diseases than the majority plant form. Aberrant plants are removed from seedstock fields but will continue to be expressed in each generation because of the facultative apomictic nature of Kentucky bluegrass. EverGlade most closely resembles the cultivar, Liberator (Brede, 2001), differing by a shorter culm length, higher turf quality in the Transition Zone, darker green genetic color, finer leaf texture, and better leaf spot [caused by Drechslera poae (Baudys) Shoem] resistance. EverGlade is a half-sib of the cultivarsAlexa (Brede, 2006a) andFreedomIII (Brede, 2006b). EverGlade was tested in the 2000 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) trials for Kentucky bluegrass (Morris, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005). In the trial, EverGlade had a dark green genetic color and good turf quality at close (25 mm or lower), intermediate (25 to 50 mm), and higher (greater than 50 mm) mowing heights. In overall turf quality, it performed well in the Northeastern, Great Plains, Mountain West, and Transition Zone regions of the USA, where in the latter region it was the top-ranking entry. EverGlade has good shoot density during spring, summer, and autumn and a fine leaf texture. It is resistant to leaf spot, Typhula blight (caused by Typhula incarnata Fr.), red thread [caused by Laetisaria fuciformis (McAlpine)], and is tolerant of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) encroachment. In 5 yr of commercial seed production, EverGlade has demonstrated the potential for high yields of quality seed, relative freedom fromergot [caused byClaviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.] and no adverse reactions to labeled pesticides. EverGlade is recommended for golf course tees, fairways, and roughs and for lawns, parks, and sports turf, in full sun or some shade, in areas where Kentucky bluegrass is well adapted for turf. It is compatible in blends and mixtures with other cool-season turfgrasses at mowing heights as low as 13 mm. Breeder seed is maintained by Jacklin Seed, with seed increase limited to one generation each of Foundation, Registered, and Certified. U.S. Plant Variety Protection application no. 200400208 has been filed for EverGlade. Limited quantities of seed are available for experimentation on request from the author. Recipients are asked to recognize the source if EverGlade contributes to the development of a cultivar or germplasm or is used for other research purposes. Seed has been deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), but no seed will be distributed by the NPGS without written permission for 20 yr from the date of publication in Crop Science, at which time seed will also be available from NPGS.


The contributors to this volume, representing a wide variety of disciplines (including medicine, social work, political science, sociology, anthropology, psychology, and biology), are in agreement that the health and human services offered in industrial nations are generally monocultural, and not well suited for migrants from other cultures. One article even arrives at the disquieting conclusion that the mental health services offered to immigrants not only do not respond to their needs, but rather serve to reinforce negative perceptions regarding immigrants from third-world countries. This book represents a timely and urgently needed contribution to the discourse on health services for migrants. It demonstrates that the issues and problems of immigration in the United States and Europe have many commonalities, and that much can be learned from examining the experiences, successes, and failures of both.


Right © The Electrochemical Society, Inc. 2016. All rights reserved. Except as provided under U.S. copyright law, this work may not be reproduced, resold, distributed, or modified without the express permission of The Electrochemical Society (ECS). The archival version of this work was published in [J. Electrochem. Soc. 2016 volume 163, issue 3, D95-D99].; This is not the published version. Please cite only the published version. この 論文は出版社版でありません。引用の際には出版社版を ご確認ご利用ください。 Type Journal Article


Tarakan City has the groundwater potency for clean water needs, However, for its use, it needs to treat it first in order to quality standards, through filtration technology by using the waste of Asiatic hard clam sheel (Meretrix sp.). the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using Asiatic hard clam sheel as the groundwater filters in Tarakan City. The research method used in this study was an experimental method with a complete randomized design (RAL) with three treatments. The material used was Asiatic hard clam shell with a filter level of 30, 60 and 100 Cm with a combination of the use of activated charcoal, quartz sand and gravel to determine the best composition. The parameters tested were according to the regulation of the Minister of Health No.32 of 2017 (Water Qualitiy Standards for Sanitary Hygiene Needs) namely turbidity, color, odor, pH, temperature, TDS, TSS, nitrates, nitrites, Fe and manganese (Mn). The results showed that the efeectiveness of the filter for each parameter was different. For the effective manganese parameters at a filter level of 30 cm, which was 36 %, pH, TDS, and Effective color at the level of 60 cm with successive valus of 61, 42 and 17 %. The parameters of nitrite, nitrate, TSS and effective turbidity at the filter level of 100 cm were 95, 97, 84 and 76%. Thes use of Asiatic hard clam shell as a groundwater filter was effective in improving the quality of raw water physically and meeting the requirements according to the quality standards used.


Interferon-γ-inducible protein 10(IP-10), also known as chemokine(C-X-C motif) ligand 10(CXCL10), belongs to the CXC subfamily. IP-10 exerts its function by binding to chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 or Toll-like receptor 4. IP-10 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. The expression of IP-10 in blood and body fluid is closely associated with the activity of autoimmune disease. IP-10 is expected to become a potential new marker and possess a significant application value in early screening, condition monitoring and therapeutic evaluation of autoimmune diseases.(Chin J Lab Med, 2015, 38: 805-808)

Key words:
Autoimmune diseases; Chemokine CXCL10; Biological markers


Objective:To investigate the value of GMFM in assessing the acupuncture effect on children with cerebral palsy.Methods:39 children received acupuncture injection.The changes of motor function before and after the therapy were evaluated using GMFM.Results:After 3 periods of treatment,the total scores of GMFM increased form 26.8±20.5 to 36.0±22.4,P0.001.Conclusion:The changes of motor function in children with cerebral palsy could be cvaluated using the score of GMFM.GMFM may be used as a good marker of the effect of acupuncture therapy on children with cerebral palsy.


Medical personnel increasingly use sedation for painful procedures, and the growth has been particularly rapid in children. This study compared propofol and midazolam in children requiring emergency orthopedic procedures.

Patients aged 2 to 18 years with an …


Reliable multicast protocols can strongly simplify the design of distributed applications. However it is hard to sustain a high multicast throughput when groups are large and heterogeneous. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, previous work has focused on weakening reliability properties. The authors introduce a novel reliability model that exploits semantic knowledge to decide in which specific conditions messages can be purged without compromising application correctness. This model is based on the concept of message obsolescence: a message becomes obsolete when its content or purpose is overwritten by a subsequent message. We show that message obsolescence can be expressed in a generic way and can be used to configure the system to achieve higher multicast throughput.


The invention relates to a pump unit for heating installations. In this pump unit having a circulating pump and a canned motor and wherein between the space 13 housing the pump and the space 14 accommodating the rotor of the motor, is arranged a partition wall 12 in which are formed the channels 16, they are machined into the wall, so as to have straight central axes 18, and the ratio of the average equivalent diameter d channels to the thickness s of the partition wall is in the range 0.01 = is particularly applicable to central heating systems.


In the Appalachian portion of their breeding range, Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) nest in shrubland and regenerating forest communities created and maintained by disturbance. Because populations of Golden-winged Warblers have exhibited precipitous declines in population throughout their Appalachian breeding range, management activities that create or maintain early successional habitat are a priority for many natural resource agencies and their conservation partners. Within these early successional habitats, however, additional information is still needed concerning the relative importance of different vegetation features in selection of breeding territories by Golden-winged Warblers. Our objective, therefore, was to use logistic regression to estimate the probability of territory-level occupancy by Golden-winged Warblers in north-central Pennsylvania at two sites, each with its own early successional community, based on vegetation characteristics. Our communities were composed of shrublands and regenerating forest sites resulting from two disturbances: agriculture and forest fire. Despite differences in vegetation structure, portions of both study areas (regenerating forest and old field) supported territorial Golden-winged Warblers. Probability of territory occupancy by Golden-winged Warblers increased with percent blackberry (Rubus) cover in the regenerating forest community, and decreased as basal area and distance to microedge increased (i.e., as vegetation patchiness decreased) in both communities. These habitat features have also been found to influence other aspects of Golden-winged Warbler breeding ecology such as nest-site selection, pairing success, and territory abundance. Vegetation features influencing Golden-winged Warbler territory establishment can differ among shrubland and regenerating forest communities, and management decisions and outcomes may be affected by these differences. Our study provides a starting point for a more comprehensive hypothesis-driven occupancy survey to investigate features of the territories of Golden-winged Warblers across a broader geographic range and in different vegetation communities.


Abstract : Treatment methods are needed to decrease concentrations of guanidinium ion (Gu+) and nitroguanidine (NQ) from Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant wastewaters. Thus, feasibility studies were performed concerning the ion exchange removal of Gu+ and activated carbon absorption of NQ. The solutions from which these species were removed contained NH4+ and Na+ ion, which were also expected in waste-water. Synthetic ion-exchange resins remove Gu+; however, resin capacities are expected to be considerably lower than those attained in conventional hardwater treatment. Procedures are presented to estimate resin capacity for solutions of other Gu+, NH4+, or Na+ concentrations.


Abstract : Aftershock recordings have been obtained to determine the extent of the fracture area which using some 50 shocks, was found to be an area of 10 x 15 km with the major axis roughly oriented in a NW-SE direction. Hypocenter depth varies from 6-19 km, with most of the shocks being confined to a depth of 10 to 13 km. It was found that the Jeffreys-Bullen velocities, V sub p = 5.56 and V sub s = 3.37 km/sec, represent a close approximation of the velocities in the area. Presented also are the telemeter network readings from June 21, 1800 GMT to July 14. These readings include the aftershocks of magnitude 2.5 and upward.


The present study aimed to assess the response of 15 rice cultivars exposed to elevated ozone stress. The plants were exposed to 100 ppb ozone (10:00– 17:00 h) for 30 days at the reproductive stage. Elevated ozone significantly alters the physiological, biochemical, growth and yield traits of all test rice cultivars. Elevated ozone exposure significantly decreased photosynthetic rate maximally in MDU5 (42.90%) and TRY(R)2 showed maximum reduction in stomatal conductance (42.39%) and chlorophyll content (41.22%). In terms of yield traits, a decrease in tiller number, number of effective tillers, number of filled spikelets per panicle and 1000 grain weight over the control were also observed. The multivariate analysis with a total variance of 58.86% categorized the 15 rice cultivars into ozone sensitive (TRY(R) 2, ASD16, ADT(R)45 and MDU5), moderately ozone sensitive (ASD18, ADT43, Rice MDU6, ADT36 and ADT37), moderately ozone tolerant (ADT(R)48 CO47 and Rice CO51) and ozone tolerant (Rice TPS5, Anna(R)4 and PMK(R)3) under 100 ppb ozone. The present results revealed that the ozone tolerant rice cultivars would be recommended to cultivate in the regions experiencing high ozone concentration.


The research aimed at knowing the effectiveness level of human resources function implementation, knowing the obstacles in reaching effectiveness and giving repair recommendation to improve the effectiveness. The research used case study research with descriptive method. The data were obtained by questionnaires, interview, and observation. The result showed that from the ten human resources function under research, nine function run effectively. The nine functions such as human resources planning, procedure  ad process of recruitment, human resources selection, orientation and placement, training and development of human resources, achievement evaluation, management of compensation system, employee protection, and dissolution of work relationship. But one of the function programs of work achievement valuation is considered as not effective yet, that was the paragon worker selection. While one function that is not effective yet is the career development plan function. There are obstacles and weaknesses found so it is proposed some correction recommendations. Keywords: Management audit, Effectiveness, Human Resources


An electrodeposition method for obtaining tungsten selenide films on titanium substrate is described for the first time. An induced co-deposition mechanism is suggested for the deposition of W and Se. The first deposit is always Se which is followed by increasing W deposition. Structural characterization is carried out by EDAX, TEM, and SEM studies.


Background: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as promising biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. We have previously identified a miRNA signature for type 2 diabetes in the general population (Zampetaki et al, Circ Res, 2010). Objective: Our aim was to investigate the association between baseline levels of miRNAs (1995) and incident myocardial infarction (1995-2005) in the Bruneck cohort, determine their cellular origin and explore their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods and Results: Following RNA extraction, a total of nineteen circulating miRNAs were quantified by real time polymerase chain reactions in 820 participants. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, three miRNAs were consistently and significantly related with incident myocardial infarction: miR-126 showed a positive association (multivariable hazard ratio 2.69 [95%CI 1.45-5.01], P=0.002) while miR-223 and miR-197 were inversely associated with disease risk (multivariable hazard ratio 0.47 [95% CI 0.29-0.75], P=0.00...


A 10-year-old Korean girl presented with a 3-year history of linearly arranged, hypopigmented patches on her left abdomen, and she was diagnosed with segmental vitiligo (SV) based on Wood light examination and the segmental distribution of the lesion. She also had a 7-year history of atopic dermatitis (AD). She underwent a 2-year course of excimer laser treatment for the SV, but the lesions did not respond well. The AD lesions were stable during the excimer laser treatment, but flared suddenly during treatment without progression of SV. The AD lesions were aggravated even by conventional treatments for AD such as topical steroid and calcineurin inhibitors. Therefore, immunotherapy using house dust mite allergens was tried, as the patient was highly allergic to house dust mite by Multiple Allergen Simultaneous Test (MAST; Hitachi Chemical Diagnostics, Mountain view, CA, USA) allergy test. The patient received weekly injections of house dust mite allergen (Tyrosine-s; Allergy Therapeutics Ltd, Worthing, West Sussex, UK). Three months after immunotherapy, the AD lesions had improved, but the hypopigmented patches on the patient's left abdomen started to increase in size along the ipsilateral dermatome (Fig. 1a,b), and new hypopigmented patches developed on the dorsum of her left foot (Fig. 1c,d). There have been a few previous reports of coexisting vitiligo and AD. A recent study showed a strong association


To study the role of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in respiratory immunity, investigators used mice lacking conventional lymphoid organs but reconstituted with bone marrow cells from normal mice. Chimeric and control mice were challenged intranasally with influenza virus, and the development of specific immunity to the virus and of induced BALT (iBALT) was evaluated. Even in the absence of normal lymphoid organs, chimeric mice generated robust CD8 T-cell responses to the virus and isotype-switched, influenza-specific antibodies. Chimeric mice survived infection even better than wild-type mice. Generation of a protective immune response was associated with the development of iBALT, with distinct B-cell follicles and T-cell areas that supported Band T-cell proliferation. Although constitutive BALT is located in the upper bronchi of some species, iBALT develops in perivascular and peribronchial areas in the lower lung. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that iBALT is an inducible secondary lymphoid organ that supports the development of effective respiratory immune responses.


The objective of this study is the production of noodle including ground yellow poppy seed which has phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds have antioxidant activity. According to the researches, these compounds reduce risk of many diseases like cancer.  In this study, ground yellow poppy seed (purchased from Afyon) was added to the noodle formulation at the ratios of 5% and 10%. Flour used in the production was obtained by milling of two wheat variety (Kunduru and Altintas). The control sample was noodle sample including no ground yellow poppy seed. After production, quality characteristics, total phenolic content and color values of noodle samples were analyzed. Quality characteristics of noodle samples made from Kunduru wheat flour were higher than that of noodle samples made from Altintas wheat flour. Ground yellow poppy seed addition caused dark color at the noodle samples. Control samples had higher quality characteristics compared to noodle samples including ground yellow poppy seed. Higher phenolic content was observed for noodle samples including ground yellow poppy seed.


A method of forming a bump structure, comprising: Forming an under-bump Metallurgy (UBM) structure (14) on a substrate (12); Forming a copper-Pillars (16) on the UBM structure (14), wherein the copper-Pillar (16) is designed so that it has a tapered arcuate profile (22), wherein the side walls of the copper-Pillars (16 ) are concave along the entire length of the copper-Pillars; Forming a metal cap (18) on the copper-Pillar (16); and Forming a solder structure (20) on the metal cap (18); in which the underside (24) of the copper-Pillars (16) which faces the UBM structure (14) is wider than its upper surface (26) which faces the metal cap (18); and the metal cap is wider than the upper surface of the copper-Pillars, where the copper-Pillar (16) adjacent to the metal cap (18); wherein the forming of the copper-Pillars, the metal cap and the solder structure further comprises: Applying a photoresist on the UBM structure and the substrate, generating a ladder-bump profile opening in the photoresist by a photolithography process; Forming the copper-Pillars of the metal cap and in the opening in the photoresist; Forming the solder structure on the metal cap; Removing the photoresist and etching of the UBM structure wherein the etching of the UBM structure also produces an overhang of the metal cap on top of the copper-Pillars; the method further comprising: Forming a copper oxide film on the sidewalls of the copper-Pillars (16); Mounting the solder structure to a second substrate (60) and introducing an underfill (64) between the substrate (12) of the bump structure and the second substrate (60), wherein the copper oxide film on the lower panel (64) adheres.


Introduction. It is particularly interesting to study the achievements of outstanding personalities on the world scale, those who made a significant contribution to economic science, played a crucial role in the international history of politics and economic activity, laid the prerequisites for the formation of original schools of economic thought, which were named after their founders. Such personalities were John Maynard Keynes and Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov-Lenin. Methods and concepts. The term "dialogue", meaning a conversation, an exchange of statements in spoken and written speech, precisely characterizes the format of correspondence communication between J. M. Keynes and V. I. Lenin. Having no personal acquaintance with each other, no mutual sympathies, the interlocutors addressed each other in publications and public speeches, setting out and commenting on the words and thoughts, deeds and actions, moral values, social and political ideals shared by the vis-a-vis. The dialogue between the two prominent persons dealt with the problems of developing and implementing a new economic policy in the international sphere and in certain countries. Analysis and interpretation. The immediate reason for the beginning of the dialogue was the publication of J. M. Keynes' book "Economic Consequences of Peace" in December 1919, which repeatedly mentioned the name of V. I. Lenin. The dialogue of J. M. Keynes and V. I. Lenin took place not only in the format of publicly addressing each other, indicating the name of the interlocutor, but also in a hidden form of reminiscence – memories of what was said and heard, written and perceived by the counterpart. Results. The communication between J. M. Keynes and V. I. Lenin was maintained in the "Ab voce, ad rem" mode – from words to deeds. Serious thoughts expressed by the interlocutors found their real embodiment.


Discloses a surfactant composition comprising at least one crosslinked acrylic copolymer. The crosslinked acrylic copolymer is polymerized in at least two different types of crosslinking monomers is present. The crosslinked acrylic copolymer to provide the desired composition in the aqueous surfactant-containing compositions of rheology, Clarity, and aesthetic properties.


The first location of the lake sediment deposition is at the lake bottom,so the temperature of the lake bottom not only has influence on the preservation of organic matter,but also has influence on the formation temperature under the lake bottom.The ancient water body temperature,especially the temperature of the lake bottom becomes a key aspect in estimating the exploration prospect.According to the comparison between the previous research result of the paleo-climate and the nowadays climate,the average annual temperature during the Cretaceous period of the Songliao Basin is between 14 ℃ and 24 ℃.Using the reservoir temperature calculation method,and the data on the palaeolatitude and the paleo-water depth,the palaeo-temperature of the lake surface of the Songliao Basin is between 17 ℃ and 25 ℃;the temperature of the bottom water is between 6.2 ℃ and 12.5 ℃ in the deep lake;the temperature of the deepest lake bottom is between 4.0 ℃ and 11.3 ℃.During the period of the Qingshankou Group and Nenjiang Group deposition,the temperature of the lake bottom did not change much with the seasons,and the temperature was low(about 8 ℃),and the stratification was clear.Therefore,the lower temperature at the lake bottom is favor of the Cretaceous biogas exploration in the Songliao Basin.


Abstract : One possible contributor to Navy Medicine's current manpower problem is the low retention rates of physicians. The research memorandum examines the retention of Navy physicians between FY 1984 and FY 1988 in the aggregate, by career phase, and by specialty. Keywords: Active duty; Attrition; Billets (personnel); Manpower; Medical personnel; Naval personnel; Naval training; Officer personnel; Personnel retention; Physicians; Shortages; Specialists; Statistical analysis.


Background: The treatment of leg length discrepancy and deformities has become more common over the last few decades due to newly developed implants. Lengthening using fully implantable intramedullary nails provides many advantages; however, only little data is available. Therefore, we aimed to determine: (1) safety of the implant, (2) the complication rate and (3) functional outcome after magnetic driven intramedullary bone lengthening with a telescopic implant. Hypotheses: Automatic bone lengthening with intramedullary nails provide good short-term outcome. Patients and methods: Ten patients with limb length discrepancy of lower extremity, treated with an Ellipse PRECICE® nail, were included in this retrospective follow-up study. The mean limb length discrepancy was 4.7 cm (range: 2.5–7.0 cm). Results: In all patients, limb lengthening goals were reached within a range of ± 0.5 cm after a mean time of 53 days. However, in 2 patients, mechanical failures with unintended shortening were observed. In a further patient nail breakage occurred. Overall, 7 patients presented with complications during the follow-up period. Discussion: The PRECICE® nail represents a new, fully implantable, magnetically driven device for limb lengthening. However, due to a high rate of complications, a close follow-up is necessary to identify early implant failures and to avoid severe adverse outcomes. Level of evidence: Retrospective follow-up study, case series, level IV. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.


Looking at innovation: lightweight wood constructions. Experimental designs, patents and technology transfers in America and Europe in XIX XX century. Tutor by Prof. Arch. Guido Callegari Ing. Matteo Guiglia Domenin Valentina Dorigo Elisa


Three typical coalbed methane liquification processes (Cascade Cycle、Mixed-Refrigerant Cycle and Expander-Cycle) are presented.Aiming at our domestic small separated coal mine,the paper puts forward Mixed-Refrigerant Cycle is best.Furthermore the economic investment of 1000 m~3/h coalbed methane liquification equipment is emphatically analyzed,and the conclusion that the reclaiming time of the investment on a small coalbed methane liquification equipments is about 4 to 5 years is drawn。


OBJECTIVE
Mucormycosis is a rare fungal disease and was known to affect only immunocompromised hosts, but in the COVID 19 pandemic, a surge in the cases of Rhino- Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis have been reported, and the cause still unknown. As the disease was a rare entity there was no classification considering the sprerad and proper management at various stages of spread.

METHOD
Extensive literature search with the terms " Mucormycosis", "Invasive Fungal Sinusitis" and "COVID 19 associated Mucormycosis", "Mucormycosis in COVID" was made on Pubmed, Scopus and Embase database, taking into consideration case histories revealing the site of involvement and treatment according to the extension of the disease.

RESULTS
Relevant articles were analysed and it was found that there is no specific classification of the disease entity and proper surgical and medical management guidelines to date and the disease spread followed a pattern related to the first site of involvement and few reports also suggested skip lesions.

CONCLUSION
This review is an attempt through which, we elaborate the pathophysiology of Mucormycosis and its spread and propose a classification which will be helpful in determining policies for control and prevent complications, morbidity, and mortality.


In this edition of IJHPE, we are again proud to be able to present high quality research papers with a broad range of content from health promoters, educators, physicians, psychologists and other health professionals for whom this journal is a valued conduit of research findings. We have Agbozo et al.'s fascinating paper on the impact of lack of iodine in the diet and follow-up data after behaviour change interventions run in Ghana to aim to increase iodized salt use in the diet. We present a paper from Finland, by Nipuli et al., revealing that a sizeable proportion of students in that nation do not know that having children later in life is accompanied by increased health risks to mother and child. We travel to Zimbabwe to learn about skin conditions and hygienic self-care in primary-aged schoolchildren, thanks to Nyoni et al., and Pham et al. take us to Vietnam, presenting a paper on health and education professionals' perceptions of nutrition transition problems. Allen et al. use the Health Belief Model to investigate caregiver perceptions of follow-up care for rheumatic heart disease, in Samoa, finding that caregivers not believing that their child is sick is a significant barrier to the uptake and success of follow-up care. All in all, an excellent collection of papers that we, as editors, are glad to be able to publish. On an administrative note, with immediate effect, we request that all submitting authors provide an ORCID identification code, which will greatly benefit the authors and the journal itself, and prevent issues around confusion in searches of databases if you, as an individual, happen to share a name with another author. ORCID IDs are never replicated, and therefore it is a unique identifier. When you submit papers in future, you will be prompted to include your ORCID ID.


Organic Chemistry
Converting aliphatic C–H bonds into C–N bonds is a broadly useful reaction in pharmaceutical research. A persistent challenge is to obtain just one of the two possible mirror-image products, or enantiomers, in this context. Li et al. report an odd-electron cobalt porphyrin complex that catalyzes highly enantioselective intramolecular C–H amination in a variety of substrates with pendant sulfamoyl azides. The reaction selectively targets carbon centers that are five atoms away from the activated nitrogen, producing six-membered rings that can be opened by hydrolytic sulfonyl removal. Isotopic labeling and trapping studies implicate a radical mechanism.

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 10.1002/anie.201808923 (2018).


provide clinical results obtained with this device. Methods: The performance of both arrays was analysed by evaluating: homogeneity, linearity, reproducibility and leakage current. The accuracy of the dose reconstruction of OCTAVIUS 4D with array 729 was evaluated through ion chamber measurements at several points of interest. The performance of both arrays was compared for the same clinical plans. Finally, results of the 3D gamma analysis performed in our hospital for more than 900 patient plans are provided. Results: Both arrays present good homogeneity, linearity, reproducibility, and negligible leakage current. Dose differences between OCTAVIUS-calculated doses and ion chamber measurements or TPS-calculated doses were within 2% for single field plans, and within 4% for clinical plans. The mean value of the local gamma passing rate (3%/3 mm) of clinical plans verified with array 729 is 89.7%, whereas for 1000 SRS it is 97.8%. Conclusions: OCTAVIUS 4D provides accurate 3D dose reconstructions from 2D dose measurements. Clinical results here presented may be used to establish reference levels for VMAT verifications with this device.


The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has a long history of applying machine learning to weather forecasting challenges. The Dynamic Integrated foreCasting (DICast®) System was one of the first automated weather forecasting engines. It is now in use in quite a few companies with many applications. Some applications being accomplished at NCAR that include DICast and other artificial intelligence technologies include renewable energy, surface transportation, and wildland fire forecasting.


Breast cancer patients need coping mechanisms to adapt to changes due to breast cancer. The constructivecoping mechanism is very influential on the attitude, response, decision making towards breast cancermanagement, and quality of life. The study aimed to determine the determinants of coping mechanisms ofbreast cancer patients in Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia. The sample size was 98 breast cancer patients. Thevariables analyzed included coping mechanism, age, educational, marital, work, time diagnosed, genetic,stage of cancer, therapy, social support, and spiritual need. The results found that breast cancer patients withhigher education had a 51.200 times chance compared to breast cancer patients with no education to haveadaptive coping mechanisms. Therapy for breast cancer patients has a positive effect on adaptive copingmechanisms. Social support has a positive influence on breast cancer patients to have an adaptive copingmechanism. The higher the social support provided, the more adaptive coping mechanism is for breastcancer patients. Tree variables have proven to be significant as determinants of coping mechanisms amongbreast cancer patients in the Sidoarjo Regency, namely education, therapy, and social support.


The Cu NQR spectra were observed over the whole range of x in the paramagnetic state of Y 1- x Pr x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7- y . The NQR frequencies, ν NQR , for both the Cu(2) and Cu(1) sites do not change significantly with increasing x . These results are in marked contrast to the variation of ν NQR at the metal-insulator transition in YBa 2 Cu 3 O x and La 2- x Sr x CuO 4 . This suggests that the doped holes in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 still remain in the CuO 2 plane even in PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , which conflicts with the hole-filling mechanism for the suppression of the superconductivity in PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 . Since our value of ν NQR in PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 is different from that presented in the previous report, the NMR spectrum in the antiferromagnetic ordered state was reconsidered.


The equation of state has been applied to the bin ary liquid mixture system of Cinnamaldehyde in methanol , pdioxane & cyclohexane. It has been discussed in the domain of Khasare's theory.It is observed that there is close agreement with experimental one. The thermodynamic picture built up in this formulation could be con sider as a good representation of molecular cluster in liquid state. Keyword: The Khasare's equation of state , binary liquid mi xture, Cinnamaldehyde, methanol , cyclohexane, pdioxane, compressibility, molar vol ume. _________________________________________________________________________


The multilamellar structure of phospholipid bilayers is stabilized by the interactions between bilayers. Although the lamellar repeat distance is uniquely determined at the balance point of interactions between bilayers, a lamellar-lamellar phase separation, where the two phases with different lamellar repeat distance coexist, has been reported in a case of adding a salt to the aqueous solution of lipids. In order to understand the physical mechanism of the lamellar-lamellar phase separation, the effects of adding monovalent salt on the lamellar structure are studied by visual observation and by small-angle X-ray scattering. Further, a theoretical model based on the mean field theory is introduced and it is concluded that the salting-in and -out effects of lipid bilayers trigger the lamellar-lamellar phase separation.


A Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor utilizing a single-mode optical fiber has been demonstrated, exhibiting a finesse of 18 and a sensitivity to phase modulation of7.9 \times 10^{-7}rad/\sqrt{Hz}at 1 kHz.


This paper concerns synchronization under read/write atomicity in shared memory multiprocessors. We present a new algorithm for N-process mutual exclusion that requires only read and write operations and that has 0(log2 IV) time complexity, where "time" is measured by counting remote memory references. The time complexity of this algorithm is better than that of all prior solutions to the mutual exclusion problem that are based upon atomic read and write instructions; in fact, the time complexity of most prior solutions is unbounded. Performance studies are presented that show that our mutual exclusion algorithm exhibits scalable performance under heavy contention. In the second part of the paper, we discuss two extensions of our mutual exclusion algorithm. In the first extension, we modify the algorithm so that in the absence of contention only 0(1) memory references are required. In the second extension, the technique of software combining is introduced for the purpose of increasing concurrency when using the algorithm to implement combinable read-modifywrite operations.


Marine current turbine (MCT) has been vigorously developed by many countries in the world because of its own advantages. However, the blade imbalance fault is the result of the marine biological attachments that will easily affect the efficiency of MCT. In this paper, a novel VMD denoising method is employed to detect the MCT blade imbalance fault. Firstly, the Hilbert transform (HT) is used to get the instantaneous frequency of the stator current. Then, the instantaneous frequency is broken up into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) components by variational mode decomposition (VMD). And the objective IMF is selected by the maximal information coefficient (MIC). Finally, the PSD analysis is used to detect the imbalance fault. The effectiveness of the proposed method for fault detection is validated by experimental results.


This paper describes an architectural approach that provides information interchange across a broad spectrum of user applications and office automation offerings. Some of the architectures described herein are currently implemented in existing IBM products. These and other architectures will provide the basis for document interchange capability between products such as the IBM 5520 Administrative System, the IBM System/370 Distributed Ofice Support System (DISOSS), and the IBM Displaywriter System. Specifically described is a document distribution architecture and its associated data streams. Transforms can be utilized to interchange between these data streams and others.

A general overview of the architectures as opposed to a detailed technical description is provided. The architectures described are protocols for interchange between application processes; they do not address the specific user interface. The document distribution architectures utilize SNA for data transmission and communications control facilities.


Although it origins in Europe,Carnival hasn't had its unprecedented and special significance until Bakhtin,the famous literature theorist of the former Soviet Union.In Bakhtin's opinion,recreational square and laughing during the Carnival have special significance.Evidently,modern Carnival and recreational square are very different from traditional ones,but we can still benefit from Bakhtin's theory on Carnival.The recreational square in modern city has become an aesthetical space,for it can bring people spiritual freedom and the state of being,instead of too much strain,pressure and constraint.Modern recreational square also can provide us a mutual space for further communion,and becomes an important cultural representation of modern city for its particular value and aesthetic spirit.For modern recreational square,we are aware of both its cultural significance and spiritual crisis.So it is very necessary for us to strengthen its cultural function and promote its cultural taste,if the construction of "Cultural City"is considered in the near future.


In this paper, we investigate the consensus models on the sphere with control signals, where both the first and second order systems are considered. We provide the existence of the optimal control-trajectory pair and derive the first order optimality condition taking the form of the Pontryagin Minimum Principle. Numeric simulations are also presented to show that the obtained optimal control can help to accelerate the process of reaching a consensus.


The intrapartum period is one of the most crucial stages for both the mother and the fetus. During the delivery process, complications can develop that lead to a deterioration in the condition of the fetus and threaten his life. Therefore, the outcome of labor depends on the effectiveness of fetal monitoring. The aim of this study was to define the possibilities of intrapartum fetal monitoring at the present stage of research. We systematically analyzed and summarized the literature data of foreign and domestic authors for the period from 1997 to 2020. An integrated approach to assessing intrapartum fetal status will optimize the management of labor, which will improve perinatal outcomes in the future.


A planar process for molecular beam epitaxy grown resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) in the GaAs/AlAs material system is presented and analysed with respect to the homogeneity of the diodes. The results can be correlated with a parameter sensitivity study based on quantum mechanical transport simulations. The homogeneity analysis reveals that our concept provides sufficient precision to fabricate RTDs suitable for application in robust digital logic circuits.


This research aims to improve learning process and to increase the mathematic learning evaluation by implying cooperative learning of Team Assisted Individualization. The subjects of this research are student in grade VIII3 of SMP Negeri 8 Pekanbaru at the second semester of academic year 2015/2016. Total number of participant are 36 whose academic achievement are heterogen. This research is a class action research which have two cycles, each cycle have four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Each cycle closed by daily exam. The data collected by observation and examination at daily based. The data analised by narative descriptive analysis and statistical descriptive analysis. The implementation succes if the improvement of the learning process and the number of students reach minimum completeness criteria (MCC) increase at daily examination I and daily examination II. The research result from the observation form shows that teacher and student activity are better after the treatment implemented. More than half students actively participated in the learning process, as discuss, presented student worksheet (SW), responded to presenter group, and gave the learning conclusion. The students also tried to solve the quiz from teacher in a great manner. The number of students whose achieved basic score of MCC,; daily examination I (first cycle), and daily examination II (second cycle) are 11.11%, 83.33% and 80.55%. This research shows that cooperative learning of Team Assisted Individualization can improve learning process and increase mathematic learning evaluation for VIII3 of SMP Negeri 8 Pekanbaru.


Recent advance on X-ray fluorescence, diffraction and absorption analyses of the earth and planetary materials using synchrotron radiation were overviewed. SR-XRF technique is suitable for nondestructive trace element analysis and chemical state analysis of the geological samples. Utilization of X-ray microbeam also allows us to carry out two-dimensional analysis of trace elements in ppm level in a few micron regions. Characteristics of the SR-XRF techniques were illustrated through the application of the methods to lunar rocks, cosmic dusts, and Banded Iron Formation. New features of the 3rd generation SR light source, SPring-8, and its perspective are described.


Abstract.
 The role of olfaction in birds is poorly understood, in part because of our limited knowledge of signal-transmission mechanisms. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that the secretions of the uropygial gland serve as olfactory signals in birds by testing the prediction that size of the olfactory bulb, a proxy for olfactory ability, covaries positively with the size of the uropygial gland's tuft, a circlet of feathers whose size varies extraordinarily from species to species. The function of this tuft has remained a mystery, but mechanical or protective roles are unlikely on the basis that these feathers are downy and always saturated with gland secretion. These observations instead suggest that the tuft may be involved in trapping the compounds produced by the gland's secretions to facilitate conspecifics' perception of odor. We therefore predicted that the uropygial gland's tuft should be more developed in birds with better capacity to smell. Using a dataset of 29 species of birds of 20 families of nonpasserines, we show that the sizes of the tuft (relative to the uropygial gland) and olfactory bulb (relative to the cerebral hemisphere and body mass) are positively correlated after the confounding effects of colonial breeding and phylogeny are controlled for. This suggests that the tuft may have evolved because of the adaptive benefits of enhancing the transmission of body odors. Additionally, colonial species have tufts larger than those of solitary species, as expected because sociality increases encounter rates and the prevalence of odor-producing bacteria.


Differently from traditional media streaming where a unique media content is delivered to different users, interactive multiview navigation applications enable users to choose their own viewpoints and freely navigate in a 3-D scene. The interactivity brings new challenges in addition to the classical rate-distortion trade-off, which considers only the compression performance and viewing quality. On the one hand, it has to ensure sufficient viewpoints for richer navigation; on the other hand, it requires to provide low bandwidth and delay costs for smooth navigation during view transitions. In this paper, we formally describe the novel trade-off posed by the navigation interactivity and classical rate-distortion criterion, in the context of the proper data representation method. Based on this original formulation, we look for the optimal design of the data representation by introducing novel rate and distortion models and practical solving algorithms. Experiments show that the proposed data representation method outperforms the baseline solution by providing lower resource consumptions and higher visual quality in all navigation configurations, which certainly confirms the potential of the proposed data representation in practical interactive navigation systems.


According to the principle for measuring the residual stress under axle surface 2 mm,the modified formula for stripping method measuring residual stress was deduced,and the correctness of the modified formula was proved by using birth-death element method to simulate the progress of turning the axle.The axial and circumferential residual stresses under axle surface 2 mm were tested by X-ray diffraction method.The results show that the X-ray method and modified formula could measure the residual stress under axle surface 2 mm.The maximal values of axial and circumferential residual stresses appeared at 0°and 90°test points,and their value were-139.15 MPa and-105.21 MPa,respectively,and the differences of axial and circumferential residual stress in every points were less than EN13261 prescribed value of 40 MPa.


This paper describes the friction and wear behaviour of Cr2O3/Ni8.5Cr7Al5Mo2Si2B2FeTiO2 coatings for bearing materials. These coatings were successfully deposited on low carbon steels using a flame spray technique. The produced samples were characterized by means of an optical microscope and microhardness tester. The microstructural observations showed that the layers contain some inhomogeneities such as porosity, crack-like defects, unmelted particles, oxides and inclusions. The structures with the inhomogeneities strongly influence their wear/friction properties. The friction and wear experiments were performed under dry and acid environments using a pin-on-plate configuration against AISI 303 counter material for different loads. It was found that in acid environment, the amount of wear loss is less than that of in dry condition and applied load level is more effective in dry condition. Introduction Plasma-sprayed chromium oxide coatings have been used in order to improve the tribological performance of rubbing surfaces in internal combustion engines [1]. Plasma-sprayed chromium oxide coatings have shown lower friction coefficient with higher wear resistance than the conventional cast iron/electroplated chromium coating pairs [2]. Thermally-sprayed Cr2O3 coating gives the highest wear resistance both in dry and lubricated case in comparison with WC-Co, Al2O3 and TiO2 coatings. Additives such as CaF2, Ag2O and ZrO2 can significantly reduce the friction and wear of the plasma-sprayed Cr2O3 coating [3-7]. The Cr2O3 coating can have a range of failure mechanisms in the sliding, such as plastic deformation, adhesion and brittle fracture [6-8]. In this study, Cr2O3/Ni8.5Cr7Al5Mo2Si2B2FeTiO2 layers were fabricated on AISI 304L stainless steel substrates using powder flame spray technique for bearing materials. Experimental Details AISI 304L stainless steels with dimensions of 100x100x2 mm were used as substrate materials. Rust or corrosion products of the samples were removed using a scraper or a wire brush and ultrasonically cleaned before being grit blasted by alumina abrasive to ensure good adhesion of the coating layer to the substrate. Before coating process, the surface of the substrate was sand blasted with 35 grit Al2O3. The combustion powder thermal spray was used in order to coat the surface of the substrate. Ni8.5Cr7Al5Mo2Si2B2FeTiO2 (Metco442) powders with 45-125 m μ particle size were sprayed at 4 lb/min powder feet rate. 0.4 bar oxygen and 0.7 bar acetylene pressure values were used to melt and spray powders. Dry air pressure was 3 bars and spray distance was set as 150 mm from gun to sample. Cr2O3 (AMDRY 6417) powders with particle size ranging from 5 to 22 m μ were used. Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-05-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 264-268, pp 537-540 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.264-268.537 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,18:13:35) Microstructural characterization of coatings from cross-sectional area was performed using the optical microscope. Image analysis of optical microscope images was carried out using LUCIA 4.21 software in order to determine the volume percentages of porosity, unmelted and semimelted particles, oxides and inclusions. The microhardness values of the coating layer were determined by a standard dynamic ultra microhardness tester (Shimadzu DUH-W201.W201S). The Cr2O3/Ni8.5Cr7Al5Mo2Si2B2FeTiO2 coated samples were machined with 14x14x2 mm dimensions and plate surfaces of each samples were subjected to sliding friction/wear tests in a pinon-plate type arrangement against AISI 303 steel counter body (pin) with 5.5 mm diameter (Hardness: 367 HV (80gr), Ra= 4 μm) on a universal wear-friction tester (PLINT TE 88) [9] at room temperature in dry and acid (1% H2SO4) environments. Normal loads employed during the tests were 89 N and 129 N (3.75 MPa and 5.43 MPa). The sliding speed was 1 Hz and the stroke was 8 mm. Sliding distances were 28,800 and 57,600 mm. Wear loss and friction coefficient values are measured by using the wear machine. The effect of the normal load, environment and the distance (time) on the wear loss and the friction coefficient was evaluated in this present investigation. Results and Discussion The typical microstructure of the Cr2O3/Ni8.5Cr7Al5Mo2Si2B2FeTiO2 coating produced by the powder flame spray technique is shown in Fig. 1. These coatings usually possess porosity, unmelted and semimelted particles, and inclusions that were determined by metallography. Caused by the fact, that porosity is always present in such coatings, many mechanical, thermal, and catalytical properties of the coatings are affected in service conditions. Porosity volume fractions of Cr2O3 and Ni8.5Cr7Al5Mo2Si2B2FeTiO2 coatings were respectively measured as 7-12 % and 2-5 % by using image analyser. The oxide structure can be seen clearly from Fig. 1b. Figure 1. Optical micrographs of the cross-section of (a) the Cr2O3/Ni8.5Cr7Al5Mo2Si2B2FeTi02 coating on stainless steel substrate (b) some inhomogeneities in bond layer. Wear behaviour of Cr2O3/Ni8.5Cr7Al5Mo2Si2B2FeTiO2 coated samples depends strongly on microstructure, microhardness, friction characterization and environment conditions. The coating layer contains microcracks and debonding, notably at around the unmelted particles. This can be attributed to the thermal residual stresses. The nature of the residual stresses significantly influences various types of coating properties, such as bond strength, hardness and wear resistance. Fig. 2 depicts the microhardness of the coating and distance from the edge of the sample to the substrate. The hardness values of coating initially increase until 25 m μ depth from surface and then decrease from the edge of the sample to the substrate. Hardness values change with the depth of coating. Cr2O3


The main motivations for hadron spectroscopy in general and in particular for hybrid meson spectroscopy will be reviewed. The HASPECT (HAdron SPEctroscopy CenTer) project will be presented and discussed.


This study explores the scientific popularisation process and how science knowledge is recontextualised and rewritten in the transfer from one context or genre to another genre. It does this through a case study of the discovery of the Higgs boson, a new physics particle that is commonly known as the God Particle, and by focussing on the meta-discursive strategies that emerged from the texts after corpus-assisted analysis. Extensive use was made of exemplification and generalisation through analogies and metaphors, and through ideational content representing epistemic uncertainty in the newspaper discourse. Prominence is given to science popularisation in the British press, because online newspapers capture a wide non-expert public, the aim being to offer an analysis of how the discursive perspective of complex science news (particle physics) is conveyed to the general public, and can allow a systematic investigation into 'how' a scientific event is constructed and made newsworthy. Two corpora, consisting of texts from the scientific journal, Physics Letters B, and from online media blogs, were also compiled for contrastive purposes. In this way, prominent lexico-semantic textual properties are identified in the main corpus (containing newspapers) through standard corpus linguistic techniques, in particular through key semantic domain annotation, leading to more insight into how complex science is linguistically constructed and conveyed to a lay audience.


This paper will review the recent rapid advances in the field of diode lasers, and overview their importance, not only in applications in optical communications, storage and printing, but also in more recent applications using high optical powers, as in machining, medicine and pumping. The paper will also address the new forms of laser diode, recently developed for operation at new lasing wavelengths, from the UV to the mid-infra red, concluding with comments relating to future projections for the field.


Artifacts can convey institutions (Blanc & Huault, 2014). Or stated differently, actors can transform and manipulate material objects so they reflect and shape "cultural-cognitive, normative and regulative elements that provide stability and meaning to social life" (Scott, 2008: 222). Because it operates by representing the culture, values and symbols associated with a particular institution and/or by being infused with new institutional content, an artifact is named instantiation (Hilpinen, 2011).
Through a case study implemented in Denmark and France, the paper studies how actors implement intervention works, such as contemporary adjustments – renovation or extension –, in listed buildings without disrupting their embodied Heritage. A listed building is a protected monument that highlights national pride or memory. In the study, six listed buildings are analysed: three in Denmark and three in France. The listed building's legitimacy relies on its authenticity whose respect by actors is essential to maintain the institutional protection, as it is the material representation, or instantiation of the Listed- Buildings Institution. However, intervention works to change such an artifact lead to various debates among actors, as the majority of current listed buildings were not originally constructed to last, i.e. to be transmitted to future generations (Choay, 2007). One debate during intervention works tackles the issue of what needs to be or not to be considered in terms of Heritage.
Through a constructivist grounded-theory methodology (Charmaz, 2014) and a Scandinavian Institutionalist lens (Czarniawska & Joerges, 1996), the research allows the understanding of how actors succeed in symbolically constructing the instantiation, so they can latter materially work on the artifact in a way it keeps conveying the institution (Monteiro & Nicolini, 2014). Indeed, within neo-institutional theory, current studies only focuses on how the modification of the instantiation can impact or change the institution (Jones, Maoret, Massa & Svejenova, 2012; Raviola & Norback, 2013). What is still unknown is nevertheless how an instantiation can be changed while keeping conveying the institution that circumscribed it. In the study, I therefore emphasise that actors need first to design, with the help of the three institutional pillars given by Scott (2013), a shared interpretative frame to select relevant building materials. By doing so, they could thus modify an existing building in regards to what building's authenticity deserves to be respected. This frame acts in fact as a preliminary step to implement the materialisation of the intangible ideas.
The paper is thus focused on the interpretative frame that symbolically links the institution and its instantiation and on how actors design it. More specifically, I explore what constitutes such a frame and what its role is regarding the interrelations that exist between an institution, its artifact carrier and the actors who work on it. Indeed, if the Scandinavian Institutionalism literature already explains how actors can translate into practice an intangible idea, the question of the components of such an institutional frame remains overlooked (Cornelissen & Werner, 2014). That is why the dissertation contributes to the neo-institutional literature by arguing that such frame is built by means of the three institutional pillars, which are the components actors play with to know to what extent they can unfold action.
Throughout the study, I analyse the practice implemented by a collective of actors who have to tangibly modify an artifact, here a listed building, while keeping its instantiational character coming from the Listed-Buildings Institution. Consequently, to enable such one and only shared material practice, the paper underlines the importance of such an interpretative frame so the actors can share and intertwine their interpretations of the building's authenticity, i.e. the main leitmotiv on which institution of Listed-Buildings relies and takes its legitimacy from, in order to work towards the same goal. The aim for actors is thus to use the interpretative frame as a way to collectively interpret one specific but essential institutional feature in order to collectively do a practice that fits with it.
De facto, I argue that this a posteriori construction of the interpretative frame facilitates collective decision-making, as it acts as a shared and stabilised knowledge resource among actors. And by extension, I demonstrate and picture how the translation of the interpretative frame into an artifact reinforces the legitimacy of the institution and its taken-for- grantedness.


This interdisciplinary study drew on Critical Latinx Indigeneities and Nigrescence Theory to conduct a mixed-method analysis of the ethnoracial attitudes and identity-salient experiences of Indigenous Oaxaqueño adolescents and emerging adults living in the United States. Results revealed that compared to emerging adults, adolescents endorsed higher self-hatred and lower multiculturalist inclusive attitudes. The ethnoracial attitudes of adolescents', but not of emerging adults', were correlated with their reported discrimination from mestizo Mexican peers. Narrative analysis revealed four types of experiences that defined what it means to be Oaxaqueño: cultural practices, ethnoracial discrimination, connection, and a disconnect with an Indigenous identity. Findings highlight the need for existing ethnoracial identity theories and scales to consider the multiracial and colonial structure within which Latinx youth develop their identities.


The closed-shell repulsive potential for noble metals proposed by Koehler and Duvall is used to obtain the volume dependence of the 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K isotherm, bulk modulus, and Gr\"uneisen ratio for silver. The results are found to be in very good agreement with some recent data on the shock wave compression of silver.


According to the United Nations (UN) Atlas of the Oceans, about 44% of the world's population lives in coastal areas within 150 km of the sea [...]


The article reviews an exhibition of the work of artist Gretel Stephens at the Jan Baum Gallery in Los Angeles, California.


Miscibility studies have been conducted on solutions of blends of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) over an extended range of concentrations in water. The ultrasonic velocity, viscosity, density, and refractive index of the blends have been measured for different compositions viz., 0/100, 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 70/30, 80/30, 90/10, and 100/0 of PAAm/PEG blends at 30°C. The interaction parameters such as μ and α have been evaluated using the viscosity data to probe the miscibility. The obtained results have been confirmed by the ultrasonic velocity, density, and refractive index. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2048–2053, 2007


Background. The posttraumatic period in victims with severe concomitant injury is frequently complicated by nosocomial pneumonia, resulting in high mortality rates and longer time and increased cost of treatment in intensive care unit unit patients. Procalcitonin (PCT) is considered to be a marker for infectious complications due to different critical conditions; however, its prognostic value for different patient categories and periods after injury remains unclear; elevated PCT levels maybe related to the development of pneumonia in view of the severity of injury and the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). Objective: to establish a correlation between the time course of changes in PCT levels and the development of nosocomial pneumonia and sepsis in victims with severe concomitant injury in relation to its severity and the duration of MV. Subjects and methods. The case histories of 271 victims with severe concomitant injury treated in the Intensive Care Unit, N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, in 2008—2012 were retro- and prospectively analyzed. The admission PCT level and its changes were analyzed in relation to the severity of injury and secondary infectious complications. Severe concomitant injury was ascertained to be accompanied by elevated serum PCT levels. A correlation was found between injury severity, mortality, the development of infectious pulmonary complications, sepsis, and mean PCT levels. The more severe the injury, the higher serum PCT level was revealed. In the first 12 hours, a group of victims without pneumonia exhibited the highest PCT levels (1.91±0.51 ng/ml). Later on there was its smooth fall and normalization by days 3—5. In the group of victims with pneumonia, but without sepsis, the PCT level averaged 1.71±0.64 ng/ml just in the first 6 hours, then its concentration continued to rise and its maximum level (3.93±1.26 ng/ml) was recorded in the first 48 hours. Later on, its decrease and normalization were observed by day 6 if the course of disease was favorable. A distinct pattern was seen in the group of victims with pneumonia and sepsis. Just in the first 6 hours, the mean level of PCT was 6.98±1.3 ng/ml and then its concentration continued to increase to 22.7±7.8 ng/ml in the first 48 hours. ROC analysis revealed the most prognostic effect of PCT at risk for pneumonia in the range from 12 to 24 hours since the ROC curve area was 0.753, which was good, as estimated by experts, and the cut-off was 1.79 ng/ml; moreover, sensitivity was 69.7% and specificity was also 69.7%. Conclusion. It is shown that it is expedient to monitor PCT levels in patients with severe concomitant injury from the admission of victims to hospital. The PCT concentration of more than 1.79 ng/ml during the first 12 hours after injury can serve as an early predictor for nosocomial pneumonia with a risk for further generalization of the process in victims with severe concomitant injury. Key words: severe concomitant injury, procalcitonin, infectious complications, pneumonia, sepsis, biomarker, predictor, mortality, ISS, mechanical ventilation.


Women treated for breast cancer who previously breast fed their babies have a 30% lower risk of recurrence than those who did not, a US study has shown. Breast feeding for six months or more was associated with even greater protection from tumour recurrence.

The study, reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute , analysed information on 1636 women with breast cancer from two prospective breast cancer cohorts. …


Generation of large-scale internal waves by a hurricane traveling over the ocean with a uniform velocity is investigated by using a three-dimensional, multilevel numerical model. It is found that two distinctive kinds of internal waves are excited in the wake of the hurricane, namely, near-inertial waves, which can be explained based on the linear theory, and superinertial waves with frequencies 2ƒ0 and 3ƒ0(ƒ0 is the inertial frequency at the latitude of the hurricane track), which are generated through nonlinear effects. Our special attention is directed to the superinertial waves with frequencies 2ƒ0 and 3ƒ0 because these internal waves are considered to be efficient energy sources for small-scale mixing in the deep ocean. These superinertial waves predominantly have low-vertical-mode structures and satisfy the dispersion relation for lee waves. In areas away from the hurricane track, in particular, the double-inertial frequency waves become larger than the near-inertial waves. The nonlinear resonant triads causing the generation of such superinertial waves are examined by calculating the bispectrum, which clearly shows that the lowest-vertical-mode double-inertial frequency wave is generated efficiently through the nonlinear interaction between the high-vertical-mode near-inertial waves.


For a given sequence of vertically unstable plasma equilibria with increasing plasma elongation (κ) and a fixed plasma boundary-wall gap (Δ), the net vertical force per unit plasma displacement acting on the resistive wall is non-monotonic with κ. In particular, exhibits a maximum near of γτw  ≈  1/ms  ≈  1, where γ is the plasma vertical instability growth rate, τw is the magnetic field diffusion time constant through the resistive shell and ms is the plasma stability margin (Portone A. 2005 Nucl. Fusion 45 926–32). This (not intuitive) result confirms previous theoretical (Mironov D V and Pustovitov V D 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 092508) and numerical findings (Strauss H R et al 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 082505) obtained for general n  =  1 kink modes and it provides an upper bound on the electro-magnetic loads induced on the stabilizing structures by vertical displacements (without halo currents) for a given plasma current.


This study aims to analyze the pedigrees of calves affected by one of three congenital defects: aplasia genitalis, atresia ani et recti and hernia cerebralis. The defects were diagnosed by veterinary surgeons in the Czech surveillance program for bovine genetic disorders. The sires fathering affected calves were born in the Czech Republic or imported from 1986-2001. The cases occurred on farms across the Czech Republic. The pedigree of each case was examined for common maternal and paternal ancestors (inbreeding loops) and for ancestors shared by other cases of the defect. The 13 calves affected by aplasia genitalis had common ancestors in all cases. The results indicate hereditary causation with recessive inheritance. Additionally, in atresia ani et recti, some of the pedigrees of 25 affected calves support hereditary causation, and repeating ancestors were found for 11 calves. In contrast, our analysis of 11 hernia cerebralis cases did not confirm the genetic background. We demonstrated that the pedigree analysis of congenital defects could help in controlling genetic health, although the final goal in terms of inherited defects is the description of causal genes and mutations. Measures to control sires that father affected calves should be appropriate under the current knowledge, which include culling or prudent use of breeding with the monitoring of descendants.


Utilization of information technology in education is an effective means to improve the quality of student learning. Instance, developed learning modules for student, so the student can using virtual instruments. Learning modules that developed on the Basic Physics Laboratory called Optic Lens modules, it used for student learning, where reflected of the shadow of the object can not be captured by the display or can not be seen directly by eye, then the size can not be calculated due to limited human vision and the tools laboratory work. Therefore, developing application with java for visualization of thin lens can be expected to be a substitute tools. Keyword(s) : module, optic fiber, virtual Subject Description : J.2 Physical Sciences and Engineering | Physics | General


Some experimental investigations on the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams have been reported. The effect of distribution of horizontal shear reinforcement and the size effect on shear strength and ductility were studied. Twelve RC deep beams were tested by varying the depth i.e. 300mm, 600mm and 1200mm, two different percentages, 0.2% and 0.3%, and two types of distribution of reinforcement; (i). uniformly distributed over the total depth and (ii). uniformly distributed only over the middle 0.3d of the beam. All the beams were provided with 1.5% flexural reinforcement. The shear span-to-depth ratio was 0.75. The mode of failure alters from ductile in small size beams to brittle in large size beams. The uniform distribution of reinforcement over middle 0.3d has been observed to improve the shear strength and ductility significantly. Very strong size effect has been observed in RC deep beams on the shear strength. When the beam depth increased from 600mm to 1200mm about 20-25% of the diagonal strength was found to decrease, while the decrease in shear strength is about 35-55% when the depth increases from 300mm to 1200mm


The aim of the paper is to reveal how financial statement preparers in the
 developing and transition country of the Republic of Serbia, behave in
 situations where they can choose between the valuation model based on
 historical cost and the valuation model based on fair value. In that regard,
 we have analysed the subsequent measurement of property and plant and
 equipment in Serbia. We find that companies are more likely to choose the
 historical cost model than the revaluation model (the model based on fair
 value) for owner-occupied properties and plant and equipment, and the fair
 value model rather than the historical cost model for investment properties.
 The willingness to use the revaluation model for subsequent measurement of
 owner-occupied properties and plant and equipment varies across different
 categories of companies, and we find a statistically significant
 relationship between that willingness and the legal form of the company. We
 also find that in the notes to their financial statements, a significant
 number of companies in Serbia do not disclose adequate information on the
 model used for subsequent measurement of property and plant and equipment,
 although such information is required by the applicable financial reporting
 standards.


The article describes the experience of using tranexamic acid to control hemostasis in operations on the thyroid gland, which witnessed a high efficacy.


AIM: To prepare floxuridine diacetate solid lipid nanoparticles (FUDRA-SLN) so as to improve the treatment efficacy and reduce the side effects of floxuridine (FUDR). METHODS: FUDR was esterified with acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The structure of expected compound, floxuridine diacetate (FUDRA),was identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The stability of FUDRA in mouse serum and tissue homogenates and octanol- buffer partition coeffient of FUDRA were investigated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). FUDRA was used to prepare FUDRA-SLN by dry membrane technique. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to study the shape and particle diameter distribution of FUDRA-SLN. Drug loading and entrapment efficiency were also determined by RP-HPLC. RESULTS: FUDRA was more stable in weak acid solution than in base solution, hydrolyzed fast in serum and tissue homogenates , especially in liver homogenate. The partition coefficient of FUDRA was 58.13. The diameter distribution of FUDRA-SLN was (208±53) nm, drug loading was 7.63% and entrapment efficiency was 94.21%. CONCLUSION: The lipophilicity of FUDR is dramatically increased after esterification with acetic anhydride. FUDRA-SLN has a high entrapment efficiency and a good distribution in size.


The objective of this paper was the radiometric survey at the Materials Engineering Laboratory of the Military Institute of Engineering, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Properties of materials are analyzed in this laboratory using X-rays machines. For the development of that work, two scintillator detectors were used with their associated electronics. Detector "A" has NaI(Tl) as scintillator material and detector "B" has CeBr3. In addition to verifying whether the measured dose rate is in accordance with that provided by the CNEN standard, a comparison was made between the efficiencies of these radiation detection equipment.


Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Competing Theories of Economic Development in the Social Sciences - The Dichotomy of Market vs the State 3. Singapore as a Developmental State: Workforce Development and the Emergence of the `Developmental Worker' 4. The Theoretical Considerations of the Developmental Worker Model 5. Singapore as a Developmental State: Nation Building, Social Engineering and Workforce Development 6. The Developmental Worker - The Interpretative Understanding Process and its Impact on the Worker-State Relationship 7. The Developmental Worker - Values and Beliefs 8. Conclusions Bibliography Index


The profound understanding of the mixing process of gaseous fuels and air is essential for the development of high temperature gas turbine premix-combustion with low pollutant emissions. At the Chair of Steam and Gas Turbines at the University of Bochum, a new approach has been made to obtain more information on the fuel gas-air mixing process. Investigations were undertaken applying an acetone Tracer-LIF-method with a high temporal resolution. Combined with statistical analysis, it yields insights into spatial and temporal mixture distributions and inhomogeneities.The test rig operated at ambient conditions represents a generic model for gas mixing processes in gas turbine premix burners. Experiments are undertaken with different injection configurations by varying the geometry and the momentum flux ratio. The results of the investigations for opposed rows of gas injection orifices reveal similar characteristics and dependencies of spatial and temporal mixing distributions on the injection set-up.© 2001 ASME


(1) by applying a permutation with a unique fixed point i E I to the first n elements, and then transposing n + 1 and i, or: (2) by applying a fixed-point-free permutation to the first n elements, followed by a transposition of n + 1 and some i E Qn. There are n possible choices for i, FPFn-1 possible permutations on 1, . . ., n which leave only i fixed, and FPFn fixed-point-free permutations on the first n elements. So FPFn + 1 = n(FPFn + FPFn 1), and hence {FPFn} E V. The last statement of the theorem follows from the identity FPn + FPFn = n!. U The vector space V also contains a sequence which converges to 0, which means that the null sequences form a proper (one-dimensional) subspace of V. This is the content of the next theorem:


If you want to score a direct hit, then you should direct your weapon in the proper direction. Is the Latin verb spelled derigo or dingo"! Isidore (Diff. 1.153) asserts that deis correct when the sense is 'straighten', and diwhen it is 'direct', but manuscripts certainly do not follow this distinction with any rigour, if at all, and one suspects that Isidore is attempting to rationalize a confusion created by a change in pronunciation. The plain fact, as the OLD informs us, is that dirigo is not attested in inscriptions before the fourth century, and so derigo is almost certainly the correct spelling for works written in the Classical period. Hence D. E. Hill (Leiden, 1983), with Baehrens, prints derexit at Theb. 8.524. Our surviving manuscripts, however, were not written in the Classical period. Scribes with derigo in their exemplars sometimes copy it with veneration, sometimes deliberately or instinctively alter it to conform with the later pronunciation. At 8.524, therefore, all the manuscripts read direxit, and all the manuscripts are to be overruled. A minor matter of orthography, certainly, but one as uncomplicated by wider literary considerations as anything in poetry can be and so, for all its apparent pedantry, a nice test case. Now: what does Lesueur do? He prints direxit without turning a hair, and his apparatus bears no trace of the problem whatsoever. L. is, however, not indiscriminately chartolatrous. Consistent with his declared intention in the preface to the first volume (p. lxix), he time and time again holds onto P as a drowning man to a plank when the w manuscripts preserve a superior reading or an existing conjecture neatly resolves an obvious corruption. At 6.573, for example, Hill, following w, rightly prints latuitque in corpore vultus, a splendidly daring expression of the type at which Statius excels and the sense of which is satisfactorily explained by Lactantius. But P before correction has aluitque and, in order to keep as close as possible to the nonsense transmitted by his preferred manuscript, L. j accepts Muller's minimal change to patuitque, thus producing the miserably pedestrian patuitque in corpore virtus. His apparatus, moreover, mentions neither Lactantius nor Housman's defence. Again, at 7.509 L. printsposces (P), but posce (w, Hill) is clearly better, giving as it does a correct balance with Jocasta's other imperatives (vide, alloquere). The time sequence also requires the i imperative: speak to your brother, demand your kingdom, then 'aut dabit, aut ferrum causa ' meliore resumes' (cf. 1.87). Note also that posces has probably originated in resumes, in the line directly below it. Given this general tendency, the w manuscripts get still shorter shrift when they are disunited and unable to resist P by weight of numbers. Thus, at 8.5 only two major manuscripts (QS) have atris. L. accordingly puts the anus of the majority into the text, though Hill points out that Statius never uses artus in the singular and the grim, evocative phrase ignibus atris is easily paralleled by e.g. 6.81 (also of a funeral pyre). Note too that atris is nicely balanced by niger in the next hne, and that 5f. read much more smoothly if Amphiaraus is the subject of \ both conditus (sc. est) and adventabat, as he is of the next two lines. L. does score some points. At 5.606, where Hill prints Heinsius' conjecture dolori, L. accepts i Hakanson's defence of the dolore of the manuscripts by comparison with Virg. A. 11.151. But I rather than being the fruit of good judgement such victories tend to follow from the same conservative instinct which leads L. astray so often elsewhere. Instances such as 5.425 where it ^ is Hill who defends the manuscripts (timor) and L. who sticks his neck out for a conjecture t (tumor, Bentley) are extremely rare. An instructive example of the general approach taken by each editor, and the dangers inherent in it, is 6.820f. Here, as usual, L. puts his faith in P and prints 'cruore genas, meruit quibus ista iuventa/semivir'. Hill more boldly rejects the colourless ista iuventa and prefers iste favorem (w): Capaneus scathingly threatens to disfigure the boyish f beauty that won for Alcidamas the affection of Pollux. Hill, though, goes further, accepting 1 Klotz's semiviri and Hakanson's foedem. In fact, foedem, though attractive, is not really ' necessary and the parallel (A. 12.97-100) not entirely convincing, semiviri, moreover, is simply wrong: it is the virility of Alcidamas, the ipwfxivos, which is being impugned, not that of the mighty semi-divine epaoTijsBut Hill rarely goes to this extreme and such errors are an understandable result of his admirable openmindedness on the value of transmitted readings: it i is the lack of this openmindedness that makes L.'s text so lame and so perverse. The merits of | this volume remain the same as those of the first-a clear text, a select and manageable apparatus, an elegant translation and good notes. But the text cannot hope to replace Hill's, and is, regrettably, a definite step backwards.


A new strong password key generation method is described. This algorithm provide fast and secure key generation in public cryptography world,(i.e. RSA algorithm)with help of random numbers (dynamic keys), without risk of offline and online dictionary attack. This new algorithm closely-related prime number generation techniques creating new pair of keys between authorized users. The class of secure password generating method provide safest and continues transaction between authorized users. These methods are important for several uses, ie reduce password guessing and knowing probability by others in other ways.


We must do more research on the evaluation of disturbing effect on the communication network of field operations,which is the main target of communication antagonizing,According to this problem,we construct the disturbing evaluation model.At first,the disturbing guide line of two levels were analyzed.And then how to compute the block probability of network was set forth.At last,the arithmetic of disturbing evaluation model was offered and the model was established.


In this Letter we demonstrate that hydrogen‐terminated porous silicon (PSi) layers and powders can serve as highly efficient reductive templates for noble metal salts. The reduction results in metal nanoparticle (NP) formation in the pores of PSi. Gold NP formation has been monitored in‐situ by measuring the plasmon resonance response. Pt NPs, formed in the PSi matrix, were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. Furthermore, hybrid Pt/PSi nanocomposites exhibit a high catalytic activity for CO oxidation.


Conventional planar- and trench-gate silicon carbide insulated-gate bipolar transistors (SiC C-IGBT and T-IGBT) suffer from higher turn- OFF loss (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{\text {off}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and ON-state voltage drop [<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {ce(sat)}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>]. An improved hybrid-channel injection enhanced modulation 4H-SiC IGBT (HC-IGBT) is proposed and investigated to overcome these shortcomings in this article. The proposed IGBT structure is considered 3-D because the gate wraps around a raised emitter-to-collector channel, instead of residing on top of the channel in the conventional 2-D planar-gate structure. Therefore, multiple gates are ganged together through the same gate electrode to enable more electrons in the "ON" state and provide more path to remove extra holes in the "OFF" state. Comparing with C-IGBT and T-IGBT structure, HC-IGBT gains an improvement of 108% and 21% in a differential specific ON-resistance as well as a turn- OFF loss reduction of 11% and 16%. The industrial figure of merit (IFOM <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$= {V}_{\text {ce(sat)}}\,\,\times \,\,{E}_{\text {off}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of HC-IGBT is reduced by 21% and 22% compared with C-IGBT and T-IGBT, respectively. Meanwhile, the Baliga's figure of merit (BFOM <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$= {V}_{\text {BR}}^{{2}}/{R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) shows about 63% and 15% larger than that of C-IGBT and T-IGBT. These results show that HC-IGBT structure has much superior tradeoff between the ON-state voltage drop and turn- OFF loss, indicating the potential for ultrahigh-voltage power electronic of the future.


Situations abound where, in seeking to advance human wellbeing, a law, for reasons unforeseen at the time of its enactment, runs afoul of the interests of its intended beneficiaries. An instance is the fault-oriented framework governing dissolution of marriage. Although the rationale underlying the framework (protecting family stability and cohesion) is unimpeachable, same cannot be said of the end result. This paper argues that legal frameworks which require proof of fault on the part of the respondent as a basis for dissolution of marriage constitute a serious violation of the petitioner's human rights. Relying on the principle of autonomy, the paper contends that the requirement of consent, a condition precedent to the marriage contract, does not end at the altar; instead, it remains a continuous, never-ending, ingredient – in the sense that once there is substantial negation, as is always evident in the circumstances triggering divorce proceedings, any attempt not to vitiate the contract (the goal of a fault-based regime) is tantamount to compulsion. This paper argues that unjustifiable compulsion, as in fault-based divorce regime, is not only a moral wrong, it is also a human rights violation.


In the world as well as in Vietnam, diabetes have shown bad effects and there is increasing number of deaths over years because of diabetes as one of three leading causes of deaths. Penalver et al (2016) stated to achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary.
The type of food tested was Nutritional product (Vietnam). Nutritional product solution with 83.3g diluted in 390 ml water. The food-to-water ratio followed the processing instruction from the manufacturer.
In this study we discover a low GI of nutritional product, as of (48.2 ± 5.3). And also, we found out there is decrease (slow) of responses of mean blood glucose (Nutritional product) after 90 minutes (4.7 mmol/L) till 120 minutes (4.3 mmol/L). As we conduct this paper with younger subjects, comparing to older people, they can regulate blood sugar better.
Finally, we also compare to other previous studies for literature review.


Clinical, hemodynamic, and angiocardiographic findings are described in seven cases of congenital mitral insufficiency. The volumes and changes in volume of the left atrium and left ventricle were calculated from the angiocardiograms and were found to be increased above the range of normal. Left ventricular stroke volumes thus obtained were compared with forward flows calculated from indicatordilution curves in order to quantitate regurgitant flow. Regurgitant flows varied between 19 and 94 per cent of the total left ventricular ejection volume, and forward flow was maintained as a result of a considerable increase in left ventricular volume. The left ventricular ejection volume was 50 to 64 per cent of the end-diastolic volume.


Three conferences were held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, from May 15 to October 2, 1947, under the auspices of the International Telecommunications Union. These three, the International Telecommunications Plenipotentiary Conference, and two special conferences dealing with radio and high frequency broadcasting, considered a number of technical changes in existing conventions and reorganized the structure of the International Telecommunications Union as a whole.