PURPOSE: A stacked memory device improves the integration density of a memory device by stacking multiple unit memory cells. CONSTITUTION: Multiple memory cells (mc1-mc4) are stacked on a semiconductor substrate. The stacked memory cells are connected in series. Multiple word lines are connected to the corresponding memory cells and control the operation of each memory cell. The memory cells include a switching element (T1-T4) and a variable resistance layer (160). The variable resistance layer is connected to the switching element in parallel.


1 Received 6 December 2013, Accepted 10 March 2014 Correspondence: Young Kee Oh (firstname.lastname@example.com) Tel: 82-53-250-7683, Fax: 82-53-250-7984 cc This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Assessment for the Temperature according to the Electrode Diameter of Radio Frequency Hyperthermia Using Agar Phantom


Objective To assess the benefit of protective ostomies on anastomotic leak rate, urgent re-operations, and mortality due to anastomotic leak complications in ovarian cancer surgery. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for all studies on anastomotic leak and ostomy formation related to ovarian cancer surgery. Non-controlled studies, case series, abstracts, case reports, study protocols, and letters to the editor were excluded. Meta-analysis was performed on the primary endpoint of anastomotic leak rate. Subgroup analysis was carried out based on type of bowel resection and bevacizumab use. Secondary endpoints were urgent re-operations and mortality associated with anastomotic leak, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, 30-day readmission rate, adjuvant chemotherapy, survival, and reversal surgery in ostomy and non-ostomy patients. Results A total of 17 studies (2,719 patients) were included: 16 retrospective cohort studies, and 1 case-control study. Meta-analysis of 17 studies did not show a decrease in anastomotic leak rate in ostomy patients (odds ratio [OR]=1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.60–1.70; p=0.980). Meta-analysis of ten studies (1,452 women) did not find a decrease in urgent re-operations in the ostomy group (OR=0.72; 95% CI=0.35–1.46; p=0.360). Other outcomes were not considered for meta-analysis due to the lack of data in included studies. Conclusion Protective ostomies did not decrease anastomotic leak rates, and urgent re-operations in ovarian cancer surgery. This evidence supports the use of ostomies in very select cases.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a monitoring video storage method, a monitoring video storage system and a central management server. The monitoring video storage method includes the following steps that: hierarchical coding video data obtained by front-end monitoring equipment are received, wherein the hierarchical coding video data include at least two layers of frame data; storage strategy information corresponding to a current monitoring event which is indicated by the hierarchical coding video data is determined; a target layer of frame data is selected from the hierarchical coding video data according to the storage strategy information; and the target layer of frame data is stored. The embodiment of the invention also discloses the monitoring video storage system and the central management server. The objective of the invention is to provide the monitoring video storage method, the monitoring video storage system and the central management server. With the monitoring video storage method, the monitoring video storage system and the central management server of the invention, different storage strategies can be adopted according to different monitoring events, and monitoring videos with different qualities can be obtained and stored, and therefore, a situation in which monitoring videos occupy too large space can be avoided.


Although the MENA region hosts around 24 percentages of the global incidences of child marriage, empirical evidence examining the health and demographic outcome of child marriage for local women is rather rare or absent. The prevalence rate of this phenomenon may be subject to expansion due to the on-going conflicts and political fluxes across many countries in the region. This study investigates the impact of child marriage on the health outcome for mothers and their children in three developing MENA countries, Egypt, Sudan, and Palestine.


Sustainable development not only meets contemporary people' needs, but also the offspring's needs. This paper from the perspective of sustainable development, described Two-oriented society construction that is the requirements of sustainable development. And environmental accounting promotes the construction Two-oriented society means, enabling enterprises to disclose information in the environmental institutional framework, true disclosure of environmental information, implementation of environmental resources reasonable arrangements, meeting the socio-economic sustainable development.


Compared with general optical images, remote sensing images (RSIs) capture large areas from high altitudes with a bird's eye view, which is responsible for the many categories and scale variations of objects in the images, as well as the abundant scene information. Although the complexity of the RSIs presents a significant challenge to the object detection task, the complexity presents opportunities as well. The RSIs contain plenty of object-related context information, which is valuable for boosting the object detection performance. To address the existing issue of poor context utilization in RSIs, we propose a hierarchical context embedding network (HCENet) in this letter. First, we construct a semantic feature pyramid, in which the semantic context aggregation module (SFAM) integrates the semantic contexts included in the adjacent layers of features with a novel feature fusion mechanism. Furthermore, the scene-level context embedding module (SLCEM) extracts the scene context of the overall image by a simple design and is utilized to guide feature classification. Finally, we outperform the popular object detectors on the publicly available DOTA-v1.5 dataset, achieving superior performance.


We report on a method to fabricate nanometer scale mechanical structures from bulk, single-crystal Si substrates. A technique developed previously required more complex fabrication methods and an undercut step using wet chemical processing. Our method does not require low pressure chemical vapor deposition of intermediate masking layers, and the final step in the processing uses a dry etch technique, avoiding the difficulties encountered from surface tension effects when wet processing mechanically delicate or large aspect ratio structures. Using this technique, we demonstrate fabrication of a mechanical resonator with a fundamental resonance frequency of 70.72 MHz and a quality factor of 2 x 10^(4).


The effects of heparin on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and two extracellular matrix components laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN) in diabetic rat glomeruli were investigated. Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into control group (C, n= 8), diabetic group (D, n=9), and diabetes+heparin group (DH, n=9). After 8-week therapy of heparin (200 U once daily by abdominal injection), TGF-β1, LN and FN expression in glomeruli was detected by immunohistochemical method. The results showed that the expression levels of TGF-β1, LN and FN were higher in group D than in group C. It was found that heparin could reduce 24-h urinary albumin excretion and inhibit overexpression of TGF-β1, LN and FN in glomeruli of diabetic rats. It suggested that the inhibitory effect of heparin on diabetic glomerular sclerosis was at least partly related with the inhibition of TGF-β1 expression.


*Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; **Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts


Comments are proposed on the intervention which are admissible to the benefits provided for by December 27-1997 Law and those considered by the Community, Country, or Region Standards. The benefits are described and a list is given of the subjects who can benefit of the fiscal reduction for the interventions provided for by the the same law.


With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, people's demand for indoor location-based services is growing. Indoor magnetic field has a wealth of fingerprint information that can be combined with position stamps to construct an indoor magnetic map (IMM). Localization scenarios based on IMM include personnel attendance, equipment tracking, and fire emergency, etc. However, the localization technology is complicated, the localization accuracy based on IMM is generally low, and the localization result lacks credibility due to the fluctuation of indoor magnetic field. Therefore, it is urgent to study a novel localization method in terms of the tradeoff among complexity, accuracy and credibility, which is the purpose of this article. First, the Euclidean distance constraint (EDC) with a variable search radius is proposed to make a rough estimate of the entity's location. Then the iterative interpolation method (IIM) is proposed to refine the local-IMM, and the multi-magnetic- fingerprint-fusion (MMFF) is proposed to match the magnetic fingerprint based on the refined local-IMM. In short, the proposed method is called focusing matching localization method by combining coarse estimation with fine estimation, which can be abbreviated as EDC-IIM-MMFF. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed localization method is verified by a series of experiments. The tests show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of location solved by the proposed method is less than 0.3 meters, and the 99% cumulative distribution function (CDF) of location error is less than 0.5 meters, and the complexity is lower than the existing methods, such as Gaussian process regression (GPR), extended Kalman filter (EKF), particle filter (PF), etc.


Embedded systems which are used for monitoring and controlling safety and mission critical systems cannot be shut down for want of making changes to the ES software for the reasons of updating, adding and deleting tasks. ES software must evolve dynamically while the software is up and running due to the criticality reasons. Many architectures have been presented related to loaded systems and few related to embedded systems for effecting semantic evolution of the embedded software. Dynamic evolution of embedded software is quite complicated due to the availability of fewer resources and especially when the evolution has to be carried under the influence of a real time operating system (RTOS). In this paper the implementation of dynamic semantic evolution of embedded software which runs under an RTOS has been presented.


ABSTRACT POWER and thermal efficiency of a spark ignition engine fueled by butanol-acetone blends were roughly equivalent to gasoline. Mixture distribution was less uniform with the blends, reducing the speed and load flexibility of the engine. Mixture temperature, exhaust temperature, and oxides of nitrogen emissions were all reduced while operating on the blends.


Summary In the fields of social work and social welfare, there have been many studies which have examined the use of social services. Few studies, however, have specifically explored the use of social services by older male clients (age 60 and older). There is little understanding in social work concerning how to best work with male clients. Using the 2012 Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey (n = 3042), this study examines how older males are using social services as compared to older females. Findings Specifically using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model and logit models this study finds that older males, in general, are using fewer social services than older females. Looking at services supported through the Older Americans Act of 1965, it also identifies which services older males have a lower likelihood of using as compared to older females. Furthermore, instead of viewing all older males as a monolithic group, this study shows how intersectionalities in race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status affect service use. Applications By having a greater understanding of which services older males are and are not using, nonprofit organizations can start exploring how to expand and improve services for this population. To improve outreach to older males, organizations should first explore if they are using services to begin with.


We will briefly review the trends in enzymatic fuel cells that use enzyme as an electrocatalyst to generate electricity from biological fuel such as glucose in blood. We will then show our recent achievements mainly about the enzyme anode that is composed of a bi-layer polymer membrane, the inner layer containing diaphorase (Dp) and the outer, glucose dehydrogenase. The Dp membrane was formed from a newly synthesized Vitamin K3-based mediator polymer. By coupling with an oxygen-selective cathode, the power generation performance was evaluated in buffer solution, serum and blood. MEMS techniques have been potentially applied to array cells and to flow the fuel continuously.


This research aims to analyze the Bunda Mandiri Sejahtera (BISA) program through the implementation of the program and to find out the results of economic empowerment of orphans through the Bunda Mandiri Sejahtera (BISA) program. This research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. Based on the results of the research shows that: first, the Bunda Mandiri Sejahtera (BISA) program is a small group-based widow empowerment program by providing Islamic religious guidance, parenting and economic empowerment. Second, the implementation of the Bunda Mandiri Sejahtera (BISA) program through several stages starting with regional surveys, recruitment of members, then coaching, providing capital assistance and business implementation and monitoring. Third, the results of economic empowerment of orphan mothers Bunda Mandiri Sejahtera (BISA) program not only make orphans can be independent financially or economically but also morally and religiously.


With a logic circuit as an input, the transistors in the circuit are first placed on a sea-of-gates template by a newly developed simulated annealing placement method. The transistors are then interconnected as required using the wires available in two metal layers. For this, we developed a novel three phase routing strategy which consists of global routing, channel routing and final detailed routing. The shape of the generated cells is a rectangle with adjustable width and height. The areas of the cells are minimum and the use of the second metal wires is minimized. Experimental results for many test circuits are very satisfying and the time needed is acceptable.<<ETX>>


The widespread presence of epidote-bearing veins and hydrous minerals such as micas in meta-granitoid rocks attests to the large extent of hydration of the exhuming continental crust. The ability of epidote (Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) – Ca2Al2Fe3+Si3O12(OH)) to incorporate a wide variety of trace elements renders this mineral a promising geochemical tracer of circulating fluid(s).

We report trace element and microstructural data on epidote-bearing veins from the Aar Massif (Central Alps) and from the Albula Pass (Eastern Alps). We characterized and classified the epidote-bearing veins based on their extent of deformation, shape and size of the epidote grains, coexisting minerals, and degree of dynamic recrystallization of associated quartz. Laser ablation ICP-MS data of individual epidote crystals reveal prominent zoning, confirmed by electron probe maps for Sr and Mn. Overall, low to very low Th/U ratios (down to 0.0005 in the Aar Massif veins and 0.001 in the Albula ones) with Th often below limits of detection (< 0.1 µg/g at 16 µm beam size) go along with variably LREE-depleted patterns (and CI Chondrite-normalized LaN/YbN ~0.35 in the Aar Massif veins and ~0.60 in the Albula Pass veins). Strontium contents are variable (hundreds to thousands of µg/g) and mostly high (up to 10100 µg/g in the Aar Massif samples and 12800 µg/g in the Albula Pass samples). The in-situ geochemical data are linked to the microstructures in order to assess whether microstructures can be related to variations in trace elements, also considering the role of coexisting phases. Moreover, trace element data of samples from the Aar Massif are compared to metamorphic host-rock epidotes and cleft epidotes from the same massif.

We find that REE patterns of Aar Massif vein epidotes are clearly different than those of metamorphic host-rock epidotes and of cleft epidotes. In addition, REE patterns vary based on the microstructural characteristics of veins. Overall REE patterns of the Albula Pass vein epidotes resemble those from the Aar Massif. Different veins and microstructures define clusters in Sr vs. Y, Eu anomaly vs. Th/U ratios, and Eu anomaly vs. U values. Geochemical heterogeneities are observed among sampling localities within the Aar Massif.

The fact that the geochemical characteristics of retrograde hydrothermal vein epidotes are clearly different than those of high-grade metamorphic and metamorphic host-rock epidotes, and the relationship between geochemical characteristics and microstructures support the hypothesis that the deformation did not alter the original geochemical record through neomineralization. Our data argue for the potential of epidote as a powerful fluid tracer in the granitoid continental crust.


Although existing bicluster algorithms claimed to be able to discover co-regulated genes under a subset of given experiment conditions, they ignore the inherent sequential relationship between crucial time points and thus are not applicable to analyze time-series gene expression data. A simple and effective deletion-based algorithm, using the mean squared residue score as a measure, was developed to bicluster time-series gene expression data. While enforcing a threshold value for the score, the algorithm alternately eliminates genes and time points according to their correlation to the bicluster. To ensure the time locality, only the starting and ending points in the time interval are eligible for deletion. As a result, the number of genes and the length of time interval are simultaneously maximized. Our experimental results shown that the proposed method is capable of identifying co-regulated genes characterized by partial time-course data that previous methods failed to discover.


In this paper, a rehabilitation project of Lahti railroad station is described. The aim of this project was to improve the structure of Lahti rail-yard to meet the challenges of the new fast speed railroad between Kerava and Lahti. Tracks locations were changed and the rail-yard had to widen south 17 meters. These Changes demanded to demolish old pedestrian bridge, rebuild the piers, elevators, stairs and platform-roofs too. All works had to make so, that rail traffic was able to use at least three parallel tracks whole time on Lahti station.


DARPP‐32 (dopamine‐ and adenosine 3′,5′‐mbnophosphate‐regulated phosphoprotein of Mr = 32,000) mRNA distribution was examined in adult mouse central nervous system by in situ hybridization. In general, DARPP‐32 mRNA was found in regions of brain where cells express the dopamine D1 subtype receptor. Cells of the olfactory tubercle, caudate‐putamen, and nucleus accumbens had the highest levels of DARPP‐32 mRNA, as did choroid plexus and Purkinje cells. Relatively high levels were found in medial habenula and lateral piriform cortex. Moderate levels were seen in cerebral cortex layer VI, medial piriform cortex, lateral entorhinal cortex, tenia tecta, anterior olfactory nucleus, and lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Low levels were observed in hippocampus, cerebral cortex layers II and III, olfactory bulb, and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. DARPP‐32 mRNA levels in the amygdaloid nuclei varied greatly.


This paper presents one- and two-dimensional simulations of the water infiltration process on unsaturated soils by using a coupled infiltration-deformation model. Two examples are presented for the one-dimensional infiltration analysis. The first example simulates the infiltration process on a homogenous soil, and the second on a stratified soil composed of two different layers. For both cases, a one-meter column of soil was used to conduct a parametric study by assuming different values of rainfall intensity. It was found from this analysis that the one-dimensional infiltration process on the homogenous soil is highly dependent on the rainfall intensity ( I ) / permeability ( k s W ) ratio, and for the stratified soil, the infiltration process was controlled by the soil with less permeability. Finally, one example is presented to study the bi-dimensional infiltration process on a slope subjected to a high-intensity rainfall, where the localization of the failure surface is presented. The results of this analysis show the advantages of this methodology to study soil structures subjected to infiltration processes.


CAPP system plays a key role to integrate design and manufacturing or assembly systems properly considering available resources and design constraints. The main objective of the present study is the development of a process planning methodology with the help of CAD and CAM systems by automatically generating CNC codes with CAD geometry as the primary input and reducing the Machining time by varying certain machining parameters. In the process of product design and manufacturing, the role of process planning becoming increasingly important for improvements in product performance and quality and for reduction in time. Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) has been recognized as playing a key role and used as a bridge to link CAD with CAM systems. Computer-aided design (CAD) uses computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) uses computer systems to plan, manage, and control the operations of a manufacturing plant.


The noticeable lack of accepted and unified models of Customer Relationship Management generally leads to failures in the implementation of CRM projects, particularly when organizations adopt the limited technology perspective. In an attempt to evaluate the different perspectives of CRM, this research paper focus on the perspective that proposes that effective CRM implementations typically involve the four dimensions: (1) customer orientation (2) knowledge management (3) CRM organization, and (4) CRM technology. Our study evaluates the impact of CRM dimensions and hotel performance (occupancy rate) in Morocco.  A sample of 80 Moroccan hotels was surveyed. Regression and other tests were used for analyses and interpretation. Our results reveal a significant positive impact of customer orientation, knowledge management, and CRM organization on occupancy rate. While CRM technology has been demonstrated to not significantly affect hotels' occupancy rate.


The time-dependence of molecular weight of gelatin, the cathode potential and the polarization resistance were investigated during long-term electrolysis of Cu to evaluate the degradation of gelatin and polyethylene glycol (PEG) added to the electrolyte for Cu electrorefining. Gelatin and PEG acted as a polarizer for Cu deposition, shifting the cathode potential to less noble direction. The polarization caused by the additives gradually decreased with increasing the electrolysis duration. The effective duration of additives significantly depended on the molecular weight and was longer in PEG-containing solution than in gelatin-containing solution. The molecular weight of gelatin in electrolyte decreased with increasing the electrolysis duration. Particularly, the molecular weight of gelatin was much more decreased at anode than cathode. Even in the case without electrolysis, the molecular weight and polarization effect of gelatin decreased with increasing the time. The decrease in molecular weight of gelatin brought about the shift of the cathode potential to noble direction, showing that the molecular weight of degraded gelatin had a close relation to the deposition potential of Cu. The Cole-Cole plots obtained by AC impedance techniques showed that the polarization resistance for Cu deposition in PEG-containing solution decreased with increasing the electrolysis duration.


To the Editor. —Recently, a report from the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, on the value of pulse oximetry during conscious sedation was published inThe Journal. 1 The Council recommended further research in the area and development of guidelines for monitoring and oxygen therapy by appropriate subspecialty societies. However, guidelines have already been issued by the American Association of Anesthesiologists, by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and by the British Society of Gastroenterology, but without scientific support. With the introduction of pulse oximetry as a standard of care in anesthesia monitoring, there were no studies to document its efficacy. Only recently, a Danish study of 20802 surgical patients allocated randomly to receive intraoperative monitoring with pulse oximetry was published. 2 The study found, not unexpectedly, that pulse oximetry was associated with a 19-fold increase in the incidence of diagnosed hypoxemia, but most importantly, that pulse oximetry


This paper examines recent trends in venture capital fundraising and investments. We find that the emergence of 'new' types of investors, such as crowdfunding platforms, super-angels and corporations, during this period may explain the changes in the venture capital model. Importantly, the new investment pattern emerges as a result of the increasing collaboration between new entrants, venture capitalists and partner industries. Our findings suggest that governments should take these trends and developments into account when deciding on how best to stimulate business growth and innovation.


Diethenyl, di(1-methylethenyl), and di(1-phenylethenyl) naphthalenes are known to be difunctional initiators used in the synthesis of thermoplastic elastomers. Semiempirical (AM1, PM3) and ab initio calculations (HF/6-31G, HF/6-31G*) have been carried out to determine the reactivity of these compounds towards anionic polymerization. For this purpose, geometrical parameters, electrostatic potentials, and frontier orbitals have been analyzed. Reaction paths starting from the diethenylnaphthalenes and reaching the proposed products have been studied, and transition structures along the paths have been located. The minimum energy conformers were determined through a conformational search around single bonds for a series of diethenylnaphthalenes. We have attempted to predict how the location of the vinyl groups affects the reactivity of diethenylnaphthalenes. Our results have revealed that the most suitable difunctional initiators for anionic polymerization are the compounds where the substituents lie away from the naphthalene bridge. We have also found that in some cases the substituents are conjugated with each other and di(1-phenylethenyl)naphthalenes are more reactive than diethenylnaphthalenes which in turn are more reactive than di(1-methylethenyl)naphthalenes towards anionic polymerization.


This study examines the production of CO2 by the Indonesian economy in 1990 and 2000 using an input-output (I-O) model. It also assesses the implication of residential sector energy efficiency improvement programmes for CO2 production by the Indonesian economy in 2000. The study shows that the CO2 emissions from Indonesia would increase from 165 million tons in 1990 to 371 million tons in 2000 in the "business as usual" scenario. With the adoption of energy efficiency improvement measures in the residential sector, it is shown that the total CO2 production in 2000 would be reduced by 4.5 million tons.


This study aimed to genetically characterize 23 subpopulations of the Mexican Pelibuey sheep and a Cuban flock using nine microsatellite markers. A total of 99 alleles and a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.84 were observed. The observed FIS, FST, and FIT were 0.007, 0.151, and 0.158, respectively. Three primers (OarFCB304, Rev Mex Cienc Pecu 2021;12(1):36-57 37 OarJMP29, and ILSTS5) showed deviations in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE; P<0.05). In a subpopulation analysis, the number of alleles per subpopulation ranged from 28 to 49, the mean number of alleles (MNA) was 4.08, and the effective number of alleles (NE) was 3.25. The observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.726 and 0.731, respectively. Six of the 24 evaluated subpopulations showed deviations of the HWE (P<0.05). The FIS values by subpopulation varied between -0.71 and 0.138. Nine private alleles were detected, and no shared alleles were observed. Using a principal component analysis (PCA), subpopulations were grouped into two clusters. Mantel's test determined that the genetic distance (measured by Nei's unbiased minimum distances) was not related to the geographic distance (r= -0.062; P>0.05). The population structure analysis determined two founder populations (K), similar to the PCA. This study concludes that the Pelibuey sheep in Mexico have high genetic diversity and that its subpopulations are grouped into two clusters, one of which shows the most preserved genetic material.


Abstract The intensity of shaking caused by the main shock of the M L 6. 3 Edgecumbe earthquake of 1987, as shown by ground deformation, property damage and the impressions of witnesses, and the distribution of intensities about the epicentre, is compared with expectations based on models assumed by Smith. Agreement with one of Smith's regional models is found to be good outside the epicentral area but less good within it, possibly because of the unusually shallo, depth of the source. Limitations of the Modified Mercalli (MM) scale used to classify seismic intensities in New Zealand are discussed, and the possibility that a change to the Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik (MSK) scale would be advantageous is considered but rejected. Sugge~tions are made for minor revision of the New Zealand versIOn of the MM scale to improve discrimination between intensities X and XI and to allow for changes in building standards since the current version was published. A need for more systematic archiving of intensity data to fa...


We have developed an airborne 2-micron Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar for atmospheric CO2 measurements. The double pulsed, high pulse energy lidar instrument provides high-precision CO2 column density measurement capability.


5 Chapter 1 Introduction 6 Statement of Problem 6 Purpose Statement 7 Research Question 7 Theoretical Rationale 7 Assumptions 7 Background and Need 8 Chapter 2 Review of the Literature 9 Introduction 9 Historical Context 9 Review of the Previous Literature 9 Statistical Information 13 Teaching Methodology 13 Chapter 3 Method 14 Advanced Spanish Language High School Students 4 Introduction 14 Sample and Site 14 Ethical Standards 14 Access and Permissions 14 Data Gathering Strategies 15 Data Analysis Approach 15 Chapter 4 Findings 16 Description of Site, Individuals, Data 16 Student Attitude 17 The Cultural Divide 17 Chapter 5 Discussion /Analysis 18 Summary of Major Findings 18 Comparison of Findings to Previous Research 19 Limitations/Gaps in the Study 20 Implications for Future Research 21 Overall Significance of the Study 21 About the Author 22 References 23 Advanced Spanish Language High School Students 5 Abstract The addition of foreign language study to high school core curriculum benefits learners, societyThe addition of foreign language study to high school core curriculum benefits learners, society and overlap into the success of other areas of study and critical thinking. The problem in contemporary high school curriculum is that foreign language is disappearing. High school students and educators are failing to see the benefit of foreign language and its benefit to all subjects. The purpose of this study is to identify student perceptions of the importance of foreign language study in high school. The literature review documents the disappearance of foreign language study as part of a high school curriculum. Methodology includes conversations with high school students in third year and advanced placement literature in Spanish. Information from students was collected through the use of focus group discussions. Results indicated that these high performing students all plan to pursue Spanish and additional foreign language study in higher education and future professions. While this minority group of students anticipates a multilingual future, they are aware of an ignorant majority of students that fail to recognize the seriousness, utility and opportunities through mastering Spanish fluency. Having foreign language as a part of the core curriculum needs to be examined. Language instruction can help enrich student high school experience and prepare them for a diverse world and international workforce. Advanced Spanish Language High School Students 6 Chapter


Chromium doped ZnS nanoparticles,with 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3mol % of Cr have been prepared using incipient wetness impregnation method.As-synthesized Cr-ZnS composite was characterized using UVvisible spectroscopy and XRD techniques. Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye catalyzed by synthesized nanoparticles was studied under UV and visible radiation.Effect of parameters such as dopant concentration, pH, and dye initial concentration on the photocatalytic degradation of MO dye were investigated. Photocatalytic degradation decreased with increasing dye initial concentration. Using 0.2mol%CrZnS as photocatalyst, the dye was degraded 74.28% and 65% under visible and UV radiation, respectively, at 5 hrs of the reaction. Higher photocatalytic degradation of dye under visible radiation than under UV radiation is attributed to red-shift of the absorption edge of the Cr-doped ZnS photocatalyst enabling it to harvest more photons in the visible light


Regular defrost of air cooling coils is necessary to restore cooling performance but creates parasitic load on the refrigeration system and can result in short term temperature fluctuations in the refrigerated space. A new method that directly links defrost heat load to latent loads in the refrigerated facility and likely melt water flows is presented. Practical guidance, that is informed by both this method and measurements for actual systems, is provided for the optimization of defrost frequency and duration. Key aspects are: to have a method that terminates defrost once the coil is free of frost and there is no more melt water to avoid unproductive heating; and to vary the frequency of defrost to match the latent load the facility experiences so there is a similar frost loading at the start of each defrost.


Background Platelet concentrates (PCs) can be prepared by immediate processing of fresh whole blood (WB); alternatively, they can be prepared from WB stored overnight at room temperature. For blood centers, extension of WB storage time from 8 to 24 h would very useful because of significant operational and logistical benefits. This work was carried out to assess the quality of PCs prepared from WB that had been held overnight at ambient temperature compared with that of PCs prepared from fresh WB donations over a 5-day storage period. Study design and methods Thirty units of WB were collected; 15 U were kept at room temperature for 6-8 h before platelet preparation (fresh group) and 15 U were kept in a controlled environment of 20-24°C for 22-24 h before platelet preparation (overnight group). Results PCs prepared after an 8-h or a 24-h hold were comparable in platelet count per PC. CD62P expression and pH values were significantly lower in PCs prepared from 24-h hold donations. Conclusion The quality of PC may in fact improve because of the ambient overnight hold period as evidenced by lower CD62P expression throughout the storage period, which indicates a lower level of platelet activation. The lower pH values detected in overnight PCs remained within the international acceptable range. Egyptian J Haematol 39:-0 © 2014 The Egyptian Society of Haematology.


Multilayer thin-films BaxSr1-xTiO3 precursors (TiO2, BaCO3, SrCO3) were deposited on Si (100) substrate by Ar+ ion beam sputtering layer by layer sequentially. The as-deposited films were post-annealed via two steps: diffusion at lower temperature and crystallization at higher temperature, in order to convert the multiplayer precursors into final phase of BaxSr1-xTiO3. Auger Electronic Spectrum (AES) concentration depth profiles were used to study the films' diffusion through sequential precursor layers heat-treated at different temperatures, for varied holding time, and in the changed order of layer deposition. The results showed that both a long period of low-temperature and a short term of middle-temperature annealing were useful for the proper diffusion of the multiplayer precursors, and uniformly distributed compositions. The resultant BaxSr1-xTiO3 conld be crystallized at 900℃ from the fully annealed precursors.


A 2-D numerical model for open channel flow influenced by pile piers is set up,considering the piers as impermeable area.The method of gradually refined triangular meshes is used to simulate the shape of piles with high precision.Based on this model,the water level and velocity of water flow, which are influenced by single line piers,are calculated,and the differences in the influence of square piles and circular piles on water flow are discussed.Furthermore,the effect of Manning's roughness and eddy viscosity on the upstream backwater is analyzed.The result shows that the variation of water level and velocity caused by piles are different along the vertical-section and cross-section,and the variation of water level presents a "wave-like" distribution along the cross-section.In general,the water level rises and the velocity decreases in the upper reaches,while in the lower reaches the water level falls and the velocity increases.It can also be concluded that square piers have greater influence on water flow than circular ones,and the backwater upstream is more sensitive to the eddy viscosity than to the Manning's roughness.


For estimating a lower bounded parametric function in the framework of Marchand and Strawderman (2006), we provide through a unified approach a class of Bayesian confidence intervals with credibility $1-\alpha$ and frequentist coverage probability bounded below by $\frac{1-\alpha}{1+\alpha}$. In cases where the underlying pivotal distribution is symmetric, the findings represent extensions with respect to the specification of the credible set achieved through the choice of a {\it spending function}, and include Marchand and Strawderman's HPD procedure result. For non-symmetric cases, the determination of a such a class of Bayesian credible sets fills a gap in the literature and includes an "equal-tails" modification of the HPD procedure. Several examples are presented demonstrating wide applicability.


PURPOSE: To obtain a feed additive for ruminants which is stable in the paunch and the abomasum and is decomposed by the enzyme of the intestinal tract by coating the feed additive by using a compsn. consisting of zein of a combination of a hydrophobic material and inorg. fillers. CONSTITUTION: The feed additive is coated by using the compsn. consisting of zein combined with the hydrophobia material and if necessary, a water- insoluble polymer and further, at least one kind of the inorg. fillers. The adequate example of the compsn. for coating includes the compsn. contg. 10 to 90% zein, 0 to 80% water-insoluble polymer and 10 to 90% hydrophobic material and contg. the inorg. fillers of 5 to 300% of the total weight of the zein, the hydrophobic material and, if necessary, the water-insoluble polymer. Ethyl cellulose is adequately used as the water-insoluble polymer. Stearic acid is adequately used as the hydrophobic material and talc, polyphosphate, etc., are adequately used as the inorg. fillers. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


As a kind of specific social capital form, social trust plays a unique and active role in social life by the way of operating social capital:(1)Founds and safeguards social solidarity, and integrates social order; (2)Realizes social control, maintains social order and stability;(3)smoothes social exchange and cooperation, advances human development and social prosperity; (4) Restrains "opportunistic behavior", avoids "prisoner's predicament" phenomenon. Realizing the functions of social trust has most important practical significance to exerting social trust's function in the course of constructing socialist market economy.


The tower cooling technology has been used in the paint cooling system of an automobile workshop in Nanjing. Switching temperature, using time and energy consumption of the system were analyzed. Tower cooling in winter and transitional seasons can reduce the whole year operating time of the water chiller and reduce working cost, and the fine economic benefit can be gotten.


Zirconia/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite ceramics(ZrO2/HA) were prepared at 1400 ℃ in air by adding tetragonal zirconia nanopowders doped with the solution of CeO2 and Fe2O3 used as colorants.The phases of ZrO2/HA composite ceramics prepared were studied by XRD,and their mechanic properties were examined by using the three point bending method,the single-edge notch beam method and indentation method.The effects of nano-sized ZrO2 addition on the mechanical properties and phase compositions of ZrO2/HA composite ceramics prepared were studied.According to the changes of the amount of monoclinic zirconia phase in the ZrO2/HA composite ceramics prepared before and after fracture,it was found that the addition of nano-sized ZrO2 not only favors the existence stability of the tetragonal zirconia in the ZrO2/HA,but also can increase the amount of tetragonal zirconia occurring the phase transformation during fracture which improves the transformation toughening of the ZrO2/HA composite ceramics prepared.The testing results of the mechanical properties of the ZrO2/HA composite ceramics prepared indicate that the addition of a suitable amount of nano-sized ZrO2 increases the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the ZrO2/HA prepared more than 20%,and the density and hardness increase only a little.But the modulus of the ZrO2/HA composite ceramics prepared does not change since there is no new phase appeared.


We offer a path-centric theory of emerging technology and organizing that addresses a basic question. When does emerging technology lead to transformative change? A path-centric perspective on technology focuses on the patterns of actions afforded by technology in use. We identify performing and patterning as self-reinforcing mechanisms that shape patterns of action in the domain of emerging technology and organizing. We use a dynamic simulation to show that performing and patterning can lead to a wide range of trajectories, from lock-in to transformation, depending on how emerging technology in use influences the pattern of action. When emerging technologies afford new actions that can be flexibly recombined to generate new paths, decisive transformative effects are more likely. By themselves, new affordances are not likely to generate transformation. We illustrate this theory with examples from the practice of pharmaceutical drug discovery. The path-centric perspective offers a new way to think about generativity and the role of affordances in organizing.


Molecular Aspects Contributing to Clinical Efficiency of Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation
The multifunctional plasticity of bone marrow derived stem cells represents the most favorable for transplantation. The immunosuppressive properties of BMSCs have been demonstrated on a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells. BMSC have emerged to be one of the most promising candidates for cellular immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation because the reduction of conventional immunosuppression is highly desirable. Particularly, BMSCs are able to migrate to site of inflammation/ stress to balance the cells through the PI3K/Akt pathway. As well as, BMSCs are exclusively recruited to tumor site and inhibit cancerous cells by down-regulation of Wnt signaling and the protein kinases.


The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics of Manning`s roughness coefficient according to change of discharge by using observed data obtained from a stable gravel-bed river and to investigate the applicability of the relevant existing empirical methods to it. Observed water level and discharge data are used as input data for the USGS computer program NCALC model for calculation of the roughness coefficient. Calculated values are compared with roughness values which are estimated with four widely used methods. The results show that though the empirical methods are able to give similar roughness values only for flood flow, they seem to have rather high uncertainty because of necessity of subjective judgement and differences of resultant values. Roughness coefficients for normal-low flow cannot be estimated from the existing empirical formulae. Especially, using the Manning equation for calculating them should be careful as this provides a wide range of estimated values in normal-low flow. The relations between the roughness coefficient and characteristic size of bed materials are different from them in flood flow even though they have a close relations.


EDITOR,—The private sector facilities that David Currie describes in his area bear no resemblance to those of the clinics in which I work.1 The days when private treatment was restricted to minor surgery in "dubious nursing homes" are long past, and the private sector, at least in the south east of Britain, has expanded to cover almost …


Nitrogen-doped porous carbons with high specific surface areas have been obtained from waste soya bean dreg by the carbonization with KOH.The pore structure and surface morphology of the carbon samples were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,SEM,TEM and XPS measurements.As the supercapacitor electrode material,the electrochemical properties were investigated by galvanostatic charge/discharge,cyclic voltammetry and impendance spectrum in1mol·L-1H2SO4 and 6mol·L-1 KOH electrolytes,respectively.The results showed that the specific surface area and nitrogen content of the carbons can be controlled by adjusting the mass of the KOH,and the maximum specific capacitances of carbons measured in 1mol·L-1H2SO4 and 6mol·L-1 KOH electrolytes are 410F·g-1 and 425F·g-1,respectively.Furthermore,a high specific capacitance(275F·g-1)was obtained even under 10A·g-1 when measured in 6mol·L-1 KOH electrolyte.


Increasing evidences show that warming is driving Hg release from the cryosphere. However, Hg cycling in thawing permafrost is less understood to date. Here we show that permafrost thaw dominantly supplied no-running thermokarst ponds by permafrost melt waters (PMWs) with high concentration of photo-reducible Hg (PRHg) and subsequently controlled Hg(0) emissions in the Tibetan Plateau. This study was motivated by field survey suggesting that thermokarst ponds as recipient aquatic systems of PMWs could be an active converter of PRHg to Hg(0). Annual Hg mass balance in three seasonally ice-covered thermokarst ponds suggests that PMWs were the dominant input (81.2% to 91.2%) of PRHg in all three thermokarst ponds, and PRHg input would be constraint of Hg(0) emission owing to the fast photo-reduction of PRHg to Hg(0) in water column. Annual Hg(0) emission in the thermokarst ponds of study region was conservatively estimated to increase by 15% over the past half century. Our finding highlights that climate-induced landscape disturbances and changes in hydrogeochemical processes in climate-sensitive permafrost will quickly and in situ drive Hg stored in permafrost for a very long time into modern day Hg cycle, which potentially offsets the anthropogenic Hg mitigation policies.


This study aims to identify the effect that the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have on learner flow in e-learning community. Based on literature review and Technology Acceptance Model(TAM), a potential model and five hypotheses were suggested. Questionnaire was carried out among 62 members of one e-learning community for preparatory teacher Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was.88. The collected data were analyzed through correlation analysis and path analysis. The results of this research are as follows. Three hypotheses were adopted: Perceived usefulness will affect on attitudinal flow, Perceived ease of use will affect on attitudinal flow. and Attitudinal flow will affect on behavioral flow. Two hypotheses were rejected;. Perceived usefulness will affect on perceived ease of use and Perceived ease of use will affect on behavioral flow. The model revised through the results of path analysis had good-fitness. That is. overall fit measures (RMSEA, CFI. NNFI). indexes that show the suitability of the model were quite good. Findings of this study suggested the important strategies for designing e-learning community in order to promote learner flow.


By examining the shifting working practices of the Sompura community of hereditary temple architects of western India my thesis argues that the nature of their work culture invested in their architectural and textual production is far more critical, innovative, heterogeneous and fluid than how it is portrayed in post-colonial knowledge located within the disciplinary bounds of architecture and art history.
Through unchartered empirical investigation, which uses 'cultural translation' as a framework for analysis, the thesis highlights their creative negotiations and struggles with modernity between the late 19th and early 21st - century. Whether it is modern historical consciousness, notions of 'antiquity', nationalist ideas of hereditary craftsmen and tradition, changing patronage, global economy or technology, the Sompuras in their concrete and 'present' practices, translate all these as well as their long architectural lineage in specific inviolable modes. These query notions of a 'fossilised' tradition viewed through historical frameworks; the agency of 'ritual' untouched by capitalist processes and binary oppositions such as 'east vs west' or 'traditional vs modern'.
The publications of Narmadashankar M. Sompura (1883-1956) and P.O. Sompura (1896-1978), are analysed as transformations of both modern notions of antiquity and history and indigenous practices. The restoration of medieval ruins of Ranakpur and Dilwara temples in the early and mid-twentieth century by master builder Amritlal Mulshankar Trivedi (1910-2005) are explored as negotiations with western European ideas of history and conservation. The contingent relations between practice and codified knowledges are explored through oral histories concerning transnational case studies in the UK, whereas a variety of qualities and affects are seen as transforming capitalist processes and relations in modern carving factories, deploying a range of hand intensive, machine and digital technologies for a global dispersal.
The thesis uses a variety of extra disciplinary methodologies such as oral history, close reading of family archives, along with a range of architecture and texts by the Sompuras and their medieval ancestors. It demonstrates that the Sompuras, believed to be carriers of a dynamic architectural tradition, have creatively and dynamically negotiated change by translating and transforming both their pre-existing cultures of work, as well as modern and global paradigms.


In this work some physicochemical properties and the thermal behavior and stability of sour sop or guanabana ( Annona muricata ) seed "almond" oil were studied by means of chemical, DSC and TG analysis. The results showed that the almond has 2.5% ash, 17.9% crude fiber, 15.7% protein, 26.0% de carbohydrates and 37.7% oil (dry base). The composition of almond oil showed 68.5% unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic and linoleic, and some palmitoleic acids, and 31.5% saturated, principally palmitic and stearic fatty acids; refraction index was 1.468 and saponification and iodine value were 168.2 and 87.0, respectively. DSC thermal analysis showed that oil crystallization initiates at -4.5 °C and ends at -79.0 °C with a crystallization enthalpy of 48.2 J/g; the oil melts in a temperature range from -42.4 to +16.9 °C, with a maximum peak at -15 °C and a fusion enthalpy of 80.5 J/g. The oil remained liquid at refrigeration temperatures with minimal SFC and free of crystals at temperatures over 10 °C. TG analysis showed that the thermal decomposition of the oil in a N 2 atmosphere starts at 380 °C and ends at 442 °C, with a maximum decomposition rate at 412 °C. Under oxidizing conditions its decomposition begins at 206 °C and concludes at 567 °C. In accordance with this study, sour sop almond seed contains large amounts of an oil that possesses similar characteristics to those of salad and cooking oils.


In this study, the authors propose a novel and robust approach to control auxiliary tasks in vehicles using hand gestures. First, they create a three-dimensional video volume by appending one frame to other that captures the motion history of frames. Then, they extract features using histogram of oriented gradients on each video volume. These features are represented in the form of subspaces on Grassmann manifold. To improve the recognition accuracy, they map the data from one manifold to another manifold with the help of a Grassmann kernel. Grassmann graph embedding discriminant analysis framework is used to classify the gestures. They perform experiments on two datasets: LISA and Cambridge Hand Gesture in three different testing methods such as 1/3-subject, 2/3-subject and cross-subject. Experimental results show that their proposed model outperforms and is comparable with the state-of-the-art methods.


Abstract The crystallization of glassy amorphous thin polycarbonate films quenched from the melt has been followed. Structures similar to those observed during the crystallization of films containing small amount of adsorbed solvent are formed. However, crystallization, at the same temperatures, is much slower and more irregular. Preannealing of the samples below Tg affects the crystallization process, increasing the nucleation rate. Annealing above Tg does not destroy all order gained by annealing below Tg.


The use of the concept of responsiveness in designing websites aims at developing applications that respond to the behavior and background of users of the sites.  The design procedure involves the use of Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) media queries.  This intelligently blends flexible grids with image layouts and appearances. A web page, when viewed in a specific device, (for example, a desktop computer) adjusts to retain its resolution features, image size and scripting abilities on another device (e.g., laptop or mobile device) without any intervention from the device user.  Product delivery delays are avoided in responsive approach because repetitions of the different phases of the design and development cycle for every new device are eliminated; thus saving on cost. This study, motivated by the significant benefits accruable from this new technology, investigated the websites of 515 tertiary institutions on the Internet with a view to determining if they were designed using the concept of responsiveness or not. Results show that only 55% of the 515 websites were designed with responsive technique, while 45% were not.  It is therefore recommended that other tertiary institutions should adopt responsive technology in the design of their websites in order to avail themselves of its benefits


This paper discusses some of the characteristics of online cataloging systems. Two basic types of interaction with a cataloging system are distinguished:


In this essay,the author analyzed the important function of morpheme teaching in Chinese preparatory course.The idea introducing morpheme as the smallest unit has been put forward.And some methods of morpheme teaching have been discussed.


An active OLED display comprising a plurality of OLED pixels and a drive circuit composed of a plurality of pixels of the OLED pixels to drive separately, the OLED pixels each comprising a stack of an anode, a cathode, and organic layers, the stack of the cathode of this time, the organic layer and is provided in contact with these in the anode, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, and includes a light emitting layer provided between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, an organic layer at this time is plural, the common hole transport layer with a plurality of OLED pixels for the OLED pixels is formed by a hole transport layer provided on the stack, and a common hole transport layer contains a hole-transporting matrix material and at least one electrical p- dopant, the electric conductivity of the hole transport material is less than 1x10


The plant is one of the primary drivers of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. The consistent presence of same plant species over time, such as in monocropping in agriculture can drive significant changes in plant-associated microbiomes. Most of the studies with monocropping have focused on bacteria, which are involved in the natural suppression of a number of soilborne diseases, including Rhizoctonia root rot and take-all. However, few studies have examined how monocropping and root rot pathogens jointly affect the structure of fungal communities in the rhizosphere. In this greenhouse study, rhizosphere fungal communities from successive wheat plantings infected with the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8 were characterized using MiSeq sequencing targeting the ITS1 region of the rRNA gene. Sequence analyses revealed that distinct fungal groups clustered by planting cycles with or without AG8 inoculation, but infection with AG8 enhanced the separation of fungal communities. Clusters of fungal communities were also observed in AG8-infected and non-infected rhizospheres, whereas there was no difference in fungal communities between the rhizosphere with the least root disease and those with the worst root disease. Planting cycles significantly reduced fungal alpha diversity. The most abundant fungal genus was Mortierella which increased in relative abundance with planting cycles in AG8-infected samples. In contrast, a group of fungal genera, including Pseudogymnoascus, Gibberella, Fusarium, Fusicolla, Exophiala, and Waitea, were reduced in relative abundance with successive plantings and AG8 infection. Together, this study revealed how fungal communities change with successive wheat growth under the pressure of a soilborne fungal pathogen.


The utility model relates to a novel low-voltage short-circuiting copper bar, which comprises double copper bars and a paper clapboard arranged between the double copper bars, wherein clapboards and copper plates are alternatively arranged between the double copper bars, and are fixed tightly; the copper plates are effectively contacted with the double copper bars; the clapboards are made of an insulating material; and the edges and corners of the clapboards and the copper plates are smooth. In the novel low-voltage short-circuiting copper bar, two short-circuiting copper plates are arranged between double low-voltage copper bars, so that a small loop is formed between the double copper bars, and ring current is reduced.


The paper presents algebraic mathematical models of centrifugal mechanisms that operate in the power boiler gas-hydraulic circuit. The models have been built by means of head-flow curve approximation. The head-flow curve depends on the centrifugal mechanism blade rotating speed and guide vane angle. The least squares method has been applied for centrifugal mechanism head-curve approximation on the basis of experimental or numerical data. Different configurations for the connections of centrifugal mechanisms in the power boiler gas-hydraulic circuit have been considered, relationships for their performance assessment obtained, and efficiency factors for various methods of their capacity control introduced. The state equation for a complex gas-hydraulic network in the problem of its efficiency analysis has been obtained with application of Kirchhoff laws. Numerical algorithms have been developed to solve group control parameter optimization problems for the considered connections of centrifugal mechanisms. Features of mathematical models for groups of series-, parallel- and complex-connected centrifugal mechanisms with different head curves in the power boiler maintenance system have been specified. An optimal group control problem for a group of centrifugal mechanisms has been formulated and solved under various power boiler modes. For the feed pumps, individual frequency control proves to be the most effective method, while for the boiler draft mechanisms group frequency regulation turns out to be the most efficient. In a typical summer month, implementation of energy-efficient centrifugal mechanism capacity regulation method in a Thermal Power Plant is shown to result in auxiliary electricity consumption reduction by 10.96 % as compared with available actual data.


From very early times the opening verses of the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel have been taken to have a specific reference to the divine activity of creation 'in the beginning'. The earliest commentator on the Fourth Gospel, Heracleon, the friend of Valentinus the Gnostic, interpreted John 13 in the light of the typical Gnostic dualism; 'he said that it was the Logos who caused the demiurge to make the world'.1 Dr A. Orbe 2 has shown how popular this text was with the Gnostics of the second century and how they interpreted it in support of their cosmological speculations. The first extant orthodox Christian use of the text is by Theophilus of Antioch 3 in the context of an attempt to demonstrate the superiority of the Christian doctrine of creatio ex nihilo over the Platonic


ALBANY, April 18 — The beginning of a comprehensive study OF the New York State Employees • Retirement System has been announced by State Comptroller Ar-thur Levitt. The study will deal With the operating procedures and tha programs of the system. Tha study is being conducted by an outside firm of management consultants that will review the objectives of the System and Iti benefits in the light of modern concepts of retirement allowances and methods of achieving these objectives. It will Include a comparison of th3 New York State Employees' Retirement System and other public and private systems, methods of achieving presently stated benefits and recommendations as to administrative or actuarial methods, the current loan program and death and disability benefits, the impact of Social Se-* curlty on retirement allowances, tha Investment of the Retirement System, and how the recently enacted Investment powers can be effectively used. Commenting on the study, Mr. Levitt said: "As trustee of the Employees' Retirement System, It is my responsibility to re-evaluate Two Year Death Benefit Bill Pushed hy Association COMPTROLLER LEVITT the System's needs In terms of modern economic conditions." The consulting firm of Towers, Perrln, Forster and Crosby, Inc., of New York City has been assigned the contract for the study. It Is expected that a report will be submitted by December of this year. president of the State Civil Service Commission, has received greatly increased powers under legislation approved by Governor Rockefeller and the 1960 Legislature. Tha measures, signed by Mr. Rockefeller, provide: (1) For the transfer of the functions and powers of the State Merit Award Board to the Civil ^ Service Commission. strong efforts were launched last week by the Civil Service Employees Association to sell to the State's school districts the Idea of paying the first five points of school employees' pension contrl-butlona. F. Henry Galpln, the Associa-tion's salary research analyst, and Patrick Rogers, the Associa-tion's Albany area field man last waek made overtures to the Col-oay Central School District In the Interest of getting th« School Board to vots th« 6 percent pay plan for Colony school employees, rhey consulted with Olenn Bretsch, supervising principal of tba Colony School District. Other such meetings ar* plann-tos Ui« futur*. (2) For the elimination of the State Classification and Compensation Appeals Board and the transfer of Us powers to the commission. (3) For the granting of the powers and duties of …


Comment: The information on the software listed below was compiled from a variety of outside sources and is correct to the best of our knowledge. CIN, however, cannot be responsible for any errors, omissions, or changes in the information. The readers should contact each source to verify all information, including preview and replacement policy, and warranty. If you have software that is not listed, please send it to Dr. Hales for inclusion in the next Exchange. CIN makes no recommendation of any of the software listed below; however, software reviews will continue to be published in each issue. The purpose of this section is to make you aware of what is out there. CIN thanks Christine Bolwell (*) and Carolyn Brose (†) for their help in compiling some of the software packages. Please note that listings are alphabetized by source. Index begins on page 36. (NA = information not available)


Novel Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) is a newer type of coronavirus that has not been formally detected in humans It is established that this disease often affects people of different age groups, particularly those with body disorders, blood pressure, diabetes, heart problems, or weakened immune systems The epidemic of this infection has recently had a huge impact on people around the globe with rising mortality rates Rising levels of mortality are attributed to their transmitting behavior through physical contact between humans It is extremely necessary to monitor the transmission of the infection and also to anticipate the early stages of the disease in such a way that the appropriate timing of effective precautionary measures can be taken The latest global coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) has brought new challenges to the scientific community Artificial Intelligence (AI)-motivated methodologies may be useful in predicting the conditions, consequences, and implications of such an outbreak These forecasts may help to monitor and prevent the spread of these outbreaks This article proposes a predictive framework incorporating Support Vector Machines (SVM) in the forecasting of a potential outbreak of COVID-19 The findings indicate that the suggested system outperforms cutting-edge approaches The method could be used to predict the long-term spread of such an outbreak so that we can implement proactive measures in advance The findings of the analyses indicate that the SVM forecasting framework outperformed the Neural Network methods in terms of accuracy and computational complexity The proposed SVM system model exhibits 98 88% and 96 79% result in terms of accuracy during training and validation respectively


A production system in domestic shoes companies has difficulty in achieving automation and information because of insufficiency of flexibility and standardization. Particularly small and medium sized shoes companies producing by OEM have tendency to chase the given production schedule blindly withou...


The crystal structures of the triphenylphosphine oxide adducts with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (2 : 1) (1) and (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (1 : 1) (2) have been determined and refined to residuals R 0.085 and 0.032 for 2531 and 3348 observed reflections, respectively. Both are triclinic with two heteromeric units in cells of dimensions a 8.66(1), b 13-58(2), c 18.17(3) A, α 99.12(8), β 101.45(8), γ 107.54(7) o for (1), and a 9.062(6), b 9.726(7), c 15.19(1) A, α 103.80(4), , β 104.94(4), γ 96.42(5)o for (2). In each structure, strong single directed hydrogen bonds are found between the protons of the carboxylic acid donor groups and the triphenylphosphhine oxide acceptors. With (1), only two of the carboxylic acid groups are heteromerically associated [O . . .O, 2.5O(1), 2.54(1) A] while the third forms a single intermolecular association [2.61(1) A]. In the case of (2), a single acid-oxide association is found [O...O, 2.540(3) A]. The (2,4,5-trich1orophenoxy)acetic acid molecule has an antiplanar conformation which contrasts with the synplanar conformation of the parent acid.


The new combined methodology for quantitative description of texture, structure and other microstructural parameters of thin layers using X-ray diffraction is presented and applied to the case of a ferroelectric thin film of Pb0.76Ca0.24TiO3 on a Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate. The approach allows the quantitative texture analysis of the ferroelectric thin film and the Pt electrode, refining simultaneously their structure, layers thickness, mean crystallite size and microstrain state. The layer thickness determination is estimated by the refinement of the thicknesses inserted in the absorption and volumic correction factors. The powerfulness of this methodology is discussed and compared with other approaches.


Stochastic computing is an emerging computing paradigm. With the use of a simple logic gate, SC can perform arithmetic operations, resulting in a small and low-power design. In this paper, we present an SC adder with one RNG and shuffling operation to improve the accuracy of the operation results. With a 65-nm CMOS technology, the proposed SC adder improves in terms of area, power, and energy by 25.5%, 27.62%, and 23.67%, respectively compared to the conventional SC adder. Additionally, the proposed SC adder improves the MAE and MSE by 1.8 × and 3.3 ×, respectively, compared to the conventional counterpart.


Observations made during two recent trips to the People's Republic of China indicate that, as one aspect of their treatment, psychiatric patients are encouraged to feel part of a force larger than themselves—the revolution. They are urged to take an optimistic view of their problems, and to understand and overcome their illness, not only for their own benefit but also for the sake of the revolution.


Characteristic of the time,a system to honor people,including women,who were virtuous,was developed in the Han Dynasty.The system to honor women was motived by the dominating ideology of Confucianism,and a desire to control the public through the promotion of filial piety.Examining the history of the Han Dynasty,women's remarriage after the death of their husbands did exist.Women also resisted their husbands.These phenomena were prevalent though deviating from Confucius teaching.This deviation showed that dominant ideology of the government during the Han Dynasty had less influence on the lives of women.


Most of the works about the African Plio-Pleistocene are focused on the Rift Valley evi dence. In this area there are long chrono-stratigraphical columns that build reliable contexts for the archaeo-paleontological sites, providing the reconstruction of the evolutionary sequence of our Genus. Evi dence on the rest of Africa, where there are poor-known sedimentary areas from an archaeological point of view, is usually dismissed. In this work we will reflect on the Plio-Pleistocene record beyond the Rift Valley, trying to reconstruct the first settlement of the African continent.


In this article the formal basis of hyperindices is given. Hyperindices are a new means for supporting eeective search in hypermedia. The basis of the hyperindex, the so called index expression is treated in detail. It is shown how the hyperindex can be constructed using the structural properties of the index expression. The hyperindex is placed in a general framework for indexes which features quantitative and qualitative criteria with which index eeectiveness can be judged.


Information is usually in strings, like sentences, programs or data for a computer. Information is a much more general concept, however. Here I look at information systems that can be three or more dimensional, and examine how such systems can be arranged hierarchically so that each level has an associated entropy due to unconstrained information at a lower level. This allows self-organization of such systems, which may be biological, psychological, or social.


There is always a need to modernize energy delivery of traditional power grids, using intelligent devices and big data technologies, this make them smart. The modernization is performed by deploying equipment such as sensors, smart meters, and communication devices, and by invoking procedures such as real-time data processing and big data analysis. A large data is generated by Smart grids all the time which needs to be analysed. This paper presents definitions and background of smart grid and big data. There are many challenges faced in collecting and analysing this data. In this paper current studies and research developments of big data applications in smart grid are discussed. This paper also summarizes the application leveraged by big data technologies, challenges and opportunities are pointed out in this


The concept of pandemic has been considered in the paper. In order to linguistically represent the current state of today's 'pandemic' situation, the model of pandemic impact on the online communication has been introduced. Firstly, the Reddit social media had been regarded as a basis of the research. Secondly, the most commented as well as the least commented posts concerning the concept of pandemic have been allocated. Thirdly, only those posts referring to the communication process being influenced by the pandemic have been considered. Then, semantic analysis of the pandemic-oriented posts has been conducted. The following steps of semantic analysis have been provided: 1) manually, interpreting each user's statement thoroughly, 2) using new LIWC-22 program which has been more scientific than its previous version. All these research stages have been implemented into the final research product – linguistic model of semantically studied pandemic impact on the Reddit online social discussion posts. Digital communication strategies have been taken into consideration. Comparison within semantic groups has been provided both statistically and in an interpretative way. The statistic representation of textual semantic analysis towards the pandemic-oriented Reddit posts has been considered.


The Raman spectra of the antitumor agent 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) in the solid and solution state were recorded in the 600–1700 cm−1 spectral region. The normal modes of 6MP were calculated using a Urey–Bradley empirical force field (UBFF) and with the PM3 semi-empirical method. Prior to performing the normal-mode calculations on 6MP, similar calculations were performed on methanethiol and thiophenol. The force constant parameters obtained from these calculations were then transferred to the 6MP calculations. The results of the normal-mode calculations were compared with the observed spectra and an assignment of the vibrational modes is proposed. Based on changes in the wavenumbers of the Raman spectra between the solution and solid form 6MP and on normal-mode calculations, it is proposed that in the solid form 6MP crystallizes in the tautomer form whereas in solution the molecule ionizes by losing the hydrogen at the N-1 position. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We propose experiments in the E7 and E4 experimental areas at ELI-NP to tackle problems of fundamental physics, taking advantage of the unique configuration and characteristics of the new research infrastructure to be constructed in Magurele, Romania. The experimental setups proposed follow a gradual approach from the point of view of complexity, from the "Day 1" experiments to experiments for which the prerequisites include results from the previously performed ones. In addition, there are two generic Research and Development tasks proposed in this Technical Design Report (TDR), related to the development of a detection system, Gamma Polari-Calorimeter (GPC), commonly applicable to energy measurements for electrons, positrons and gamma-rays above the 0.1 GeV energy scale and the preparatory tests for laser plasma acceleration of electrons up to necessary energies 210 MeV, 2.5 GeV and 5 GeV for the later stage experiments, respectively. In this paper we particularly focus on possible "Day-1" topics and briefly mention the future extensions foreseen.


Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit striking biological effects in mammalian organisms, e.g., they may act as carcinogens. The biochemical mechanism by which they exert this influence, however, remains obscure. While the literature on hydrocarbon action in higher organisms is extensive, the demonstration of biological responses in lower forms has been largely controversial (see Note added in proof). This striking difference between the effects on higher and lower forms is difficult to reconcile if one accepts those current concepts which hold that hydrocarbons alter phenotypic expression by modifying cellular nucleic acid and/or protein synthesis, either directly or indirectly. The disparity might be explained by (a) the impermeability of intact microbial organisms to the nonpolar hydrocarbons, and (b) the lack of a sufficiently sensitive response which would be readily detectable in lower forms. These considerations led to an examination of the hydrocarbon influence on bacteriophage replication in bacterial spheroplasts. This preliminary report describes the selective inhibition of both RNA and DNA bacteriophage multiplication in Escherichia coli spheroplasts by carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. Recently, De M\aeyer et al. observed that carcinogenic hydrocarbons inhibit the replication of the DNA: viruses herpes and va,ccinia in rat embryo cell cultures.2 In contrast to the work now reported, these investigators found no effect of hydrocarbons on RNA virus replication. Experimental.-Infectious nucleic acid: Infectious RNA was isolated by phenol extraction of MS2 phage which had been grown on E. coli K12W1485 (male strain).3 The final MS2 RNA preparation was dissolved in 5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4, at a concentration of 3-5 mg per ml and stored frozen at -20?. Infectious lambda DNA was a gift from Dr. R. Mackal, and infectious OX174 DNA was a gift from Drs. S. Spiegelman and J. Grunau. Preparation of E. coli spheroplasts: E. coli spheroplasts were prepared essentially by the method of Guthrie and Sinsheimer.4 E. coli K12W1485 (obtained from Dr. B. Strauss) was grown overnight. From this culture, 0.50 ml was transferred into 10 ml of 3XD medium5 and grown to a concentration of 5 X 108 cells per ml. Four ml of this culture was transferred into 50 ml of 3XD medium and grown once more to the same concentration. All of the above growth steps were at 37?. Approximately 35 ml of this final culture was transferred to a conical centrifuge tube, sedimented for 15 min at 5000 X g at room temperature, and the pellet resuspended in 0.70 ml of 50% sucrose. To this cell suspension were added 0.34 ml of sterile 30% bovine serum albumin (Armour Pharmaceutical Co.), 0.08 ml of a 1-mg per ml lysozyme solution (Worthington Biochemical Corp.), and 0.04 ml of 0.12 M EDTA pH 7.4, mixed and transferred quantitatively into 20 ml of PAM medium.4 The PAM medium used here was modified to contain no peptone. After incubating this mixture for 15 min at 37?, 0.40 ml of 1 M MgSO4 was added to the cell suspension, which was then allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hr before use. Assay for infectious nucleic acid activity: The stock solutions of infectious nucleic acid were diluted with 2.5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4, so that 0.50 ml would give a few hundred plaque-forming units (PFU) in the assay system. Stored viral nucleic acids, especially MS2 RNA, slowly decrease in infectivity with age. A 1.1-ml infectious mixture contained 0.50 ml of the diluted nucleic acid solution and 0.50 ml of the spheroplast preparation (treated or nontreated with hydrocarbon as described below). Infectious mixtures of more than 1.1 ml were prepared in the same manner


This book is a recent addition to the MIT Press series in the History of Computing, which, since its inauguration in the mid-1980s, now has nearly twenty-five titles. A glance at the titles of the earlier volumes reveals how far the history of computing has evolved in the past quarter-century. The early works dealt with the details of specific pieces of hardware, or were personal memoirs of computer pioneers, or straightforward histories of corporations. These books have been of great use to historians, and they have held up well. But they did not address key historical questions. Who were the consumers of this technology? How were existing patterns of social and economic life disrupted by the computer? Who else beside the computer engineers and the industry executives played a role in bringing the "information age" into existence? Above all, who were the people who wrote the programs—without which the computer was useless—once computers began being installed in large numbers? The Computer Boys Take Over addresses these questions, especially the latter, about those who developed computer software. It is a welcome addition to this series, and offers a glimpse into how the history of computing has matured and has begun to link computing with other larger themes of history. "Computer boys" was the name given to the early programmers, analysts, and other software specialists by their contemporaries, ". . . in part a term of endearment, in part a disparagement . . ." (p. 12). By the mid-1950s most large and many smaller corporations in the United States felt compelled to acquire one or more of these machines, from vendors including IBM, Sperry-UNIVAC, Honeywell, and a few others. They found to their dismay that with the computer came a small army of specialists who alone had the technical expertise to get these expensive machines to produce something useful. That was the price to be paid to benefit from this new invention. But even after staffing the data-processing center with "computer boys," profits did not automatically follow. Perhaps the analysts did not accurately T E C H N O L O G Y A N D C U L T U R E


Polybenzoxazole (PBO) nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning and thermal conversion from its precursor, methoxycontaining polyaramide (MeO-PA). The MeO-PA was synthesized from low-cost monomers. The structures and properties of polymers (MeO-PA and PBO) were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, OPM, SEM, and so forth. It was found that the PBO nanofibers had a diameter ranging from 300nm to 350 nm. The PBO nanofiber mats with high porosity provided a promising prospect in high-temperature filter materials, heat insulation materials, and high-temperature protection materials for its outstanding heat and solvent resistance and in preparing carbon nanofibers for its high char yield percentage.


Highly transparent optical films based on nanoscale polymer dispersed liquid crystals doped with InP/ZnS quantum dots are presented. Optical transmittance is investigated with collimated laser and LED light sources. These films with enhanced light extraction may potentially serve as roll-to-roll coatable brightness enhancement films in emissive displays.


Family physicians, even if not providing prenatal care, can play a critical role in maintaining current vaccinations in pregnant women. Learn which vaccinations to consider and which to avoid.


Abstract Suicides on railway systems remain a significant concern world-wide. Understanding patterns of pre-crash behaviour, whether jumping, lying or wandering on tracks, is important for the design of preventative measures, yet prior studies have reported divergent patterns of behaviour. This study tested the hypothesis that higher standards of corridor fencing reduce the proportion of train suicides in the non-jumping category. Data was analyzed as a natural experiment for 171 cases of apparent railway suicides in New South Wales (NSW) for the period 2011–2018. Results were congruent with the hypothesis. A higher level of corridor fencing in metropolitan Sydney was associated with a lower proportion in the non-jumping category (33%) compared with regional areas (74%). The article contributes by showing that: (i) fencing appears to lead to a reduction in some types of rail suicides and thus; (ii) contributes to a lower overall rate of suicide by train; and (iii) even with fencing, the non-jumping incidents warrant attention for appropriate countermeasures.


Background: Non communicable diseases (NCD) are a rising problem worldwide and is a cause of public health concern in India too. These diseases result in high health care demand and are expensive especially in low resource settings. We studied the NCD burden estimates for India and its major states and the associated cost. Methods: The disease burden was estimated using DALYs (Disability Adjusted life years), the Years of Life lost (YLL) and Years lived in disability (YLD). National Sample Survey was used to calculate OOPE and CHE. Results: NCDs account for 16939 DALYs per 100,000 in India. About 50-70% of patients took treatment in private facilities. There is huge variation in the utilization of health facilities, disease burden and cost of treatment across the states. Karnataka had highest DALY rate of 25790 DALYs per 100,000 but Chandigarh showed highest mean OOPE of INR 63952 and Arunachal Pradesh showed the highest CHE of 47.7 percent. Conclusions: The economic burden of NCDs is notably high both in terms of OOPE and CHE and indicate variation across states in both diseases burden and economic burden. The findings highlight the need for improvement of NCD management programmes in socioeconomically lower states of India. Funding Information: No funds received for this research. Declaration of Interests: None declared.


The effect of this treatment was studied in 3 patients with polycythemia vera having hematocrits of 70-80% and red cell counts of 6-8 x 10/sup 6/. Plasma volume was also elevated and the red cell volume was decreased to 80-5 mu m/sup 3/ from a normal mean of 87. After a single injection of 3-10 mc inorganic P/sup 32/O/sub 4/, subjective symptoms improved as well as the hematologic values. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, and counts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes fell. Blood volume and viscosity also declined. (H.H.D.)


Detection of potential transmitters' location is one of the vital aspects for efficient practical deployment of secondary spectrum access solutions. It requires accurate and up-to-date radio environmental estimation. Spatial interpolation techniques can allow partial or complete insight into the radio field, the interference and the possible geo-locations of various field transmitters depending on the number of radio measurements performed in sparse locations. This paper presents an effective solution based on spatially interpolated Received Signal Strength (RSS) values for location estimation of radio transmitters, which operates on Radio Interference Field (RIF) maps obtained by interpolating measurement data from N sparsely distributed sensors. In contrast to the known range based localization methods the developed technique also achieves higher computational efficiency. The performance analysis shows that the proposed method is suitable for both outdoor and indoor environments and is capable of reliable detection of multiple sources even for low number of sensors.


The impact on cartography and technological development brought by automated mapping is wide and profound.With the continuous development and innovation of theory,the automated mapping has taken the place of traditional mapping,and realized historic transformation on technology.ArcGIS 9.X is a series software produced by ESRI which provide strongly support for technology of automated mapping.From the point of view of technology,this paper introduced how to construct the automated mapping system using ArcGIS 9.X which meet the Chinese mapping standard.


A few months after returning from field research in Yunnan, southwest China, I met with a visiting Chinese anthropologist. When he learned that I had been working among the Hua Miao (Flowery Miao), he became very concerned. Did I not realize the danger I had put myself in, he wanted to know. Had I taken meals with them? Was I not aware that these people were likely to poison outsiders with a secret brew that all the women know how to make and use? I assured him that I had not been ill with anything except flu during my entire stay. He was not reassured. The poison, he assured me solemnly, has a delayed effect: if I returned in time, I might be given an antidote (secretly, of course) and would be all right. It was one of the more bizarre of the dinner conversations I have had in Ann Arbor. But that linkage of the Miao and poison clicked with something I had been reading a short time earlier. In the Fall of 1904, a Methodist missionary named Samuel Pollard was involved in the early stages of a wide-spread conversion movement among the Hua Miao and was traveling around visiting various villages between Zhaotong (Yunnan) and Weining (Guizhou). In his (Pollard 1904) diary entry for Sept. 4, 1904, he notes:


The cubic model, described by the Hamiltonian ⋅=−JΣ<ij≳ σiσjδαiδαj where σi=±1 and αi=x, y, or z, is subjected to a Monte Carlo simulation. For an 8×8×8 fcc lattice, it is found that the system exhibits a first order transition at kBTo/J=3.45±0.01 in fairly close agreement with results obtained previously by the Kikuchi approximation. Discontinuities at the phase transition and stability limits for the metastable states on either side of the phase transition are also investigated.


In the past decade, tensor computation is widely used in different areas. Various software toolbox have been released to assist tensor computation. However, there is still no hardware architecture to accelerate the tensor computation. This paper presents an efficient application specific instruction set processor (ASIP) for tensor computation. Different tensor computations are fully optimized in terms of resource usage and performance. We implement the ASIP on FPGA platform. We test our design by implementing the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC(CP) decomposition. Our design can achieve a low resource usage and run at 141 Mhz.


Palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) is mono ester oil which has better cooling property than mineral oil and other poly esters. Recently, natural ester has been tested on extra high voltage large power transformer. Large power transformers have a risk of streaming electrification. Many studies have been conducted to investigate streaming electrification properties of mineral oil immersed transformers and their countermeasures. However, streaming electrification properties of natural esters are rarely studied. Therefore, this paper presents a study on streaming electrification properties of PFAE due to aging. PFAE and mixed oils were prepared under several conditions. Aging test was conducted by heating the oil samples at 100 °C for 360, 720, 1080 and 1440 hours. The results show that heating causes various trends of volume resistivity and positive increases in electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) with respect to aging time. At initial state, ion dissociation on additive compound decreases volume resistivity and increases ECT. However, during the heating, the dissociation is not accelerated. Additive compound is dissociated into radicals to mitigate oxidation. In the mixture of 20% mineral oil and 80% PFAE, higher changes in volume resistivity and ECT indicate that degradation is more likely to occur in mineral oil part. In addition, air circumstance has effects on volume resistivity and ECT.


The utility model discloses a suspension type gas-lock discharge valve including a support outer casing, a suspended inner casing, an impeller, a bearing seat, a rotating shaft, a transmission assembly, an end cover and sealing components; the end cover includes a suspended inner casing end cover, a support outer casing end cover, and an impeller end cover, the impeller is accommodated in the suspended inner casing and is connected to the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft driven by the transmission assembly drives the impeller to do uniform circumference rotation; The sealing components are respectively arranged between the suspended inner casing and the suspended inner casing end cover, between the suspended inner casing end cover and the rotating shaft, between the connection parts of the suspended inner casing and the support outer casing, and between the suspended inner casing and the impeller end cover. The suspension type gas-lock discharge valve provided, with good bearing and air-tightness properties, can prevent the leakage of the gas in the inner casing, improve the pneumatic conveying capability, and reduce the work energy consumption in the pneumatic conveying system.


Purpose: A central issue in the field of workplace learning is how work-related learning can be stimulated so that a powerful learning work environment is created. This paper seeks to further enlarge understanding on this issue. Based on the demand-control-support the aim is to investigate the influence of job-characteristics on the work-related learning behaviour of the worker such as job demands, job control, social support at work on the one hand and self-directed learning orientation on the other. Design/methodology/approach: The study took place in the ICT-department of a large company in Flanders. By means of an online questionnaire, all employees of the ICT-department were asked to complete this questionnaire, which, apart from general information on the participants (age, gender, prior education, etc.), consisted of statements on five scales (job demands, job control, social support, self-directed learning orientation, and work-related learning behaviour) adapted from validated instruments. There was a total of 73 participants (response rate of 52 per cent, 73 per cent men, 27 per cent women, age varying from 20-51 years old). In addition, all scales had Cronbach's alpha values above 0.79. Relations between the variables under study were tested using the Pearson correlation. The predictive value of the variables for the variance in work-related learning was tested using the enter method of a multiple regression analysis. Findings: The regression analyses show that job demands and job control were moderately positive and significantly linked with work-related learning behaviour. Social support did not show a significant positive correlation with work-related learning at all. Self-directed learning orientation on the contrary had a strong and positive relation with work-related learning. The results of the linear regression analyses indicated that only the self-directed learning orientation scale significantly predicted the work-related learning behaviour. Originality/value: The study is one of the few investigations that takes into account both the role of personal and workplace-related variables in order to better understand work-related learning. The results stress that personal related variables such as self-regulated learning orientation need to be taken into account in further research and in the daily practice of human resources development. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.


This paper discusses how calculation of avoided emissions from end-use energy efficiency measures is addressed in the world's largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions offset program, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Sections of the paper describe the CDM, basic issues associated with calculating avoided emissions from efficiency activities, and CDM baseline and monitoring methodologies for efficiency activities. The CDM provides valuable information and insight for those interested in documenting avoided emissions from end-use efficiency actions.


The problems of comparing several exponential distributions based on type II censored samples are considered. Likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) for comparing several location parameters, comparing several scale parameters and for homogeneity of distributions are derived. The LRTs for all three problems are exact as their null distributions do not depend on any unknown parameters. Algorithms are provided to estimate the exact p-values or the percentiles of null distributions. Approximations to the null distributions that are accurate even for small sample sizes are provided. For testing the equality of scale parameters, the proposed LRT is compared with the tests based on union-intersection method and an iterative procedure. Comparison studies indicate that the LRT is more powerful than the existing ones for most parameter values. The methods are illustrated using an example involving elapsed times from randomization to diagnosis of a serious infection of chronic granulomatous disease that were collected from three different hospitals.


We experimentally demonstrate multi-rate burst-mode transmission at 25, 12.5 and 10Gb/s using a 10GHz-class burst-mode receiver optical sub-assembly (ROSA), respectively achieving receiver sensitivities of −27.7, −31, and −32.1dBm after 20-km SSMF transmission at 1E-2 BER, all with 20-dB dynamic range and 92-ns burst recovery time.