Despite recent efforts in the United States to increase the participation of women in advanced educational training and professional fields linked to applied mathematics and technology, women are still underrepresented in these fields of study and work. This is even true among women gifted in mathematics. Why? Many possible causes have been proposed by interested researchers. This paper focuses on a set of social and psychological factors that my colleagues and I have been studying for the last 20 years. It begins with a brief review of the gender differences in educational and occupational choices among the gifted focusing particularly on math-related fields. It then summarizes a model to account for these differences, reviews the available evidence to support the hypotheses generated by the model, discusses the role that socialization agents may play in perpetuating these gender differences. All rights reserved Support for the work reported in this paper was provided by grants from NICHE), NIMH, and NSF to the author. The author would like to thank the following people for helping on the proje:41 summarized in this paper: Janis Jacobs, Judith Meece, Carol Midglty. Allan Wigfield Rena Harold Amy Arbreton, and Kwang Suk Yoon. Proceedings GASAT page 21 The Netherlands 1992 Despite recent efforts in the United States to increase the participation of women in advanced educational training and professional fields linked to applied mathematics and technology, women are still underrepresented in these fields of study and work. This is even true among women gifted in mathematics. Why? Many possible causes have been proposed by interested researchers. Discussing all of these is beyond the scope of a single talk. So today I'll focuses on the set of social and psychological factors that my colleagues and I have been studying for the last 20 years. I'll begin with a brief review of the gender differences in these patterns among the gifted. I will then summarize a model to account for these differences, review the available evidence to support the hypotheses generated by the model, discuss the role of socialization agents may be playing in perpetuating these gender differences. I will focus in particular on recent findings regarding the under representation of gifted women in maths and physical science. The fact that gifted women are underrepresented in these fields is especially worrisome since these women clearly have sufficient intellectual talent to participate as fully as their male peers in these educational and vocational settings. Gender Differences in Eoucational and Occupational Patterns In reviewing the educational and occupational patterns of gifted men and women, I have relied heavily on two sets of data: the longitudinal data compiled on Terman's gifted population and the cross-sectional and longitudinal data being compiled by researchers associated with the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth originally based at Johns Hopkins University. Terman's Gifted Population In 1921, Terman began a longitudinal study of approximately 1,450 gifted boys and girls 7 to 15 years old. The original sample contained 831 males and 613 females. These individuals have been recontacted several times; extensive demographic, intellectual, and social-developmental data were gathered at each contact. Because the researchers have been able to relocate approximately 80 percent of the original sample at each new wave of data collection, this longitudinal study provides the richest and most complete set of data available on the life-span development of gifted males and females. Although bound by its historical period, it provides the best data available for comparing the educational and occupational patterns of gifted males and females. Gender differences in the educational and educational patterns of Terman's sample first emerged when the sample was in college. These women and men chose very different fields at both the graduate and undergraduate level (Terman & Oden, 1947), in particular, with relation to physical science and engineering: The men were 8-15 times more likely than the women to earn degrees in engineering; similarly the men were 3 times more likely than the women to earn degrees Proceedings GASAT 4 I ''' 1 page 22 The Netherlands 1992 in physical science. In contrast, the women were 3-9 more likely than the men to earn degrees in education and the humanities. Ther were also substantial differences in the amount of education obtained by the females and males in this study. While the men and women were equally likely to earn their bachelor's degree, the men were more likely than the women to complete graduate degrees. Differences in occupational patterns are even more extreme (Oden, 1968). The most striking difference lies in the proportion of men and women who reported having an occupation: only 42% of the women were employed during most of their adult years compared to 96% of the men. These women and men also tended to be employed in gender-role stereotypic jobs. The women wer especially likely to be underrepresented in high status jobs of all kinds, and in the fields of science and engineering (less than 1% of the women compared to 15% of the men. In contrast, the were over represented in the fields of precollege teaching (27% versus 4% of the males), and social welfare (6% compared to 0%). Clearly these gifted women were greatly underrepresented in the fields of math and physical science despite their exceptional talent. :ohns Hopkins Study of the Gifted Over the past 20 years, Julian Stanley and his colleagues at Johns Hopkins University have been studying mathematically and verbally precocious children. During this period, several thousand junior high school-aged children drawn from regional and national talent searches have been given aptitude tests and questionnaires tapping attitudes, career plans, interests, and values. Many of these children have been or are currently being retested in order to chart their educational development. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of the data emerging from these studies is their similarity to the findings of the Terman studies, especially given the social changes that have occurred during the last 50 years. Just as was true in the Terman study, fewer females than males have emerged as gifted in mathematics in each of the Johns Hopkins studies (Benbow & Stanley, 1982. 1983). Furthermore, the boys in the Johns Hopkins samples have consistently scored higher than the females on the SAT-Math test (the test used by the Johns Hopkins team to assess mathematical talent)(Benbow & Stanley, 1982, 1983). Finally, the girls have scored as well as the boys on the SAT-Verbal test (the test used to assess verbal talent). Thus, as was true of the Terman sample, giftedness in math is more common and more extreme among boys. In contrast, verbal precocity appears more equally distributed between the sexes (Fox & Cohn, 1980). The pattern of gender differences in educational pursuits is also quite similar across the two studies despite the lapse of 50 years. In fact, differences that were not apparent until college in the Terman sample are evident in the Johns Hopkins samples by junior high school. This difference is best characterized in terms of the under representation of girls in "extra" educational settings, Proceedings GASAT page 23 " 4 yhe Netherlands 1992 especially settings associated with math and science. The Johns Hopkins teams have consistently found that gifted girls were less likely than gifted boys to be enrolled in accelerated and/or special math and science programs (Benbow and Stanley, 1982; Stanley, 1976), to respond positively to an invitation to join a gifted math and science program (George and Denham, 1976; Stanley, 1976), and to enter college early (Stanley, 1976). In addition, in follow-ups of the boys and girls who enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Summer Enrichment courses, the girls were less likely to remain on an accelerated math track (Fox and Cohn, 1980), enrolled in fewer physics courses (Benbow and Stanley, 1982; Benbow and Minor, 1986), were less likely to take AP courses in the sciences and less likely to take advanced placement exams or college board achievement tests in chemistry and physics (Benbow and Minor, 1986), expressed less interest in majoring in science or engineering in college than the boys (Benbow and Stanley, 1984) and reported liking physics and chemistry less in high school (Benbow and Minor, 1986), and finally were significantly less likely to major in the physical sciences and engineering in college, to seek post graduate training in physics, computer science, and engineering, and to aspire to a career in physical science and engineering, particularly a research career in these fields (Benbow, 1988). These difference exist despite the fact that these girls, like the girls in the Terman study, did just as well as the boys in their high school math and science courses. Conclusions As is true for the population at large (Eccles, 1984), gifted females are less likely to study and to enter occupation related to applied mathematics, physical science and engineering. One might argue that the under representation of females in the sciences is a natural consequence of the pattern of gender differences on the aptitude measures taken by both Ternian and the Johns Hopkins team. This is an unwarranted conclusion for several reasons. First, both of these studies focua.d on gifted children. Thus, even though the females may have had less math aptitude than their male peers, they certainly had sufficient aptitude to become important contributors to the scientific professions. The critical question was pointed out by Lila Braine in her response to Benbow's 1588 article in Brain and Behavioral Science to quote "WHY ARE WOMEN VIRTUALLY ABSENT FROM FIELDS FOR WHICH THEY CLEARLY HAVE THE REQUISITE MATH SKILLS?" Second, while aptitude differences were positivel


A new apparatus for carrying out vapor/solid polymerization initiated by UV light has been designed.The system relies on monomer photolysis and the benzophenone/triethanolamine system to initiate polymerization of vinyl acetate to afford poly(vinyl acetate) on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene(BOPP) film and glass respectively.The poly(vinyl acetate) formed on the surface of the BOPP film was shown to be partly crosslinked(up to 46%),while that formed on the surface of the glass could all pass through a 200 mesh metal filter(0.071?mm).The values of the polydispersity index(PDI) of the polymers were 6.0 and 4.0 respectively.In the case of both BOPP and glass substrates,the mass/thickness of the polymer and its molecular weight increased with reaction time.Increasing the temperature gave an increase in the molecular weight of the polymer formed on the BOPP film but not of that on glass.Mechanisms for the formation of polymer on BOPP film and glass substrates are proposed.Furthermore,after modification of the reaction apparatus,the degree of crosslinking of the polymer formed on the BOPP film was higher than 95% and while the mass of polymer formed on the surface of glass decreased significantly,it could still all pass through the 200 mesh (0.071?mm) metal filter.


Here, we report the development of an integrated sensing platform for the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and more specifically for the pre-implantation culture of mammalian embryos and their in situ characterization through evaluation of their metabolic activity. The entire platform consists of a nanoliter-culture chamber, with an integrated oxygen sensor to monitor the respiratory activity of individual embryos, as a marker for their viability and developmental competence. We first discuss the key-advantages of microfluidic technology to realize such an integrated sensing platform. We next present the culture device, and its validation on mouse embryos. This first stage validation reveals that microfluidics supports the full-term development of mouse embryos down to the single embryo level with birth rates comparable to group culture in conventional formats. In a second step, the device is upgraded for the culture of human embryos, and tested on donated frozen-thawed embryos. Finally, we describe an oxygen sensor consisting of an ultra-microelectrode array (UMEA) to be integrated in the culture device. Using this UME-based sensor, we also propose a novel measurement approach at short timescales, which allows reducing drastically the amount of oxygen consumed through the electrochemical measurements. Current work focuses on the integration of the sensor in the culture platform and its validation on biological materials. The integrated platform is currently tested on spheroids, which are used as surrogates of mammalian embryos, before it is applied on mouse embryos.


Long term monotonous driving has often been found to decrease the driver's arousal level and effect perception, cognition and judgment. In this study, seven kinds of scent were used as olfactory stimulation. The influence of scent on the driver's psychosomatic state was examined using a fixed-based driving simulator by through biological measurements including electrocardiogram. Taste in scents is so individual that blood flow of brain activity is measured in order to estimate the reaction of scent on the subject. As for brain activity of olfactory cortex, the multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (MNIRS) has been shown to enable the evaluation of changes in hemodynamic. The MNIRS was also used to monitor the activity of the frontal cortex as mirrored by hemodynamic responses subjected to olfactory stimulation. The experiments were executed for several female and male subjects. The difference of reaction by sex is also observed.


The study fulfills experimental results of adaptation process using low and high compliance (LC and HC) strategies of robot control. The experimental results of fifteen healthy subjects walked while wearing a pneumatically powered knee exoskeleton KNEXO on the treadmill was analyzed. We hypothesized that initially the gait kinematics of subject would be distorted by the added exoskeleton force. The muscle activity would be increased because of unusual gait pattern imposed by robot, but with practice knee torques became lower and also muscle activity decrease. Although KNEXO design includes safe compliance pneumatic actuators-Pleated Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PPAM) we imply to obtain the LC and HC behavior of the robot by adjusting the PID gains of the PSMC controller. The paper describe review how healthy, neurologically intact humans adapt their walking patterns to less flexion altered gait pattern with respect to Body Mass Index factor (BMI). Gait training, over ground or on a treadmill, has become an essential part of rehabilitation therapy in patients suffering from locomotion disorders and its effectiveness is increasingly evidenced by clinical trials and achievements in neuroscience. Precise repeated motion imposed by a position controlled robot is considered low productive due to many reasons: a lack of adaptable and function specific assistance, a restriction of the training environment, reduced motivation and effort of the patient. Nowadays, the field of rehabilitation robotics is increasingly oriented to a human-centered approach in which robot performance is quantified by how the robot physically interacts with the patient. "Assistance-as-needed" strategy was recognized by a several research groups to be effective in rehabilitation robotics because of flexibility in the individual patient needs, assistance adaptability and specific task definition. From an engineering viewpoint it implies a variable stiffness or variable impedance in robot design and control that addresses both safety and adaptability of physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). Body height has been demonstrated to be consistently linked to stride length of adults. The further evidence is that limb length bear on step frequency, step length and walking velocity [1]. The biomechanics literature describes the complex mechanism of human gait generation [2]. There are knowledge about gait characteristics for healthy people and people with various locomotion pathologies [3]. Based on these findings we bring on the research results in the field of human motor adaptation with consideration of BMI value. The initiation of this paper started from idea to test the 1DoF unilateral knee exoskeleton prototype KNEXO …


Physical temperature can determine physical and psychological experiences. On the psychological level, warmth orients people to others and motivates them to affiliate. Individuals who are motivated to affiliate often do so by answering affirmatively to questions. Consequently, we argue that physical warmth fosters affirmative response behavior. The results of three studies are in line with this argument. In a warm environment, individuals were more likely to respond with "yes" in a memory test (Study 1). The warmer individuals felt, the more they answered affirmatively to the items of a questionnaire (Study 2). If they imagined that a friend would read the answers, this effect was amplified (Study 3). Answering unbiased questions is a key tool in the toolkit of a forensic psychologist. Therefore, the finding that warmth and cold affect responses behavior stipulates multiple points of discussion for their practical work as well as research.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease that causes demyelination of the white matter of the central nervous system. It is generally accepted that the etiology of MS is multifactorial and believed to be a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and infectious agents. While the exact cause of MS is still unknown, increasing evidence suggests that disease development is the result of interactions between genetically susceptible individuals and the environment that lead to immune dysregulation and CNS inflammation. Genetic factors are not sufficient on their own to cause MS, and environmental factors such as viral infections, smoking, and vitamin D deficiency also play important roles in disease development. Several pathogens have been implicated in the etiology of MS, including Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Borrelia burgdorferi. Although vastly different, viruses and bacteria can manipulate host gene expression, causing immune dysregulation, myelin destruction, and neuroinflammation. This review emphasizes the pathogenic triggers that should be considered in MS progression.


Previous experiments showed that images of differently colored trains and sports cars can influence the loudness ratings given by subjects via free magnitude estimation. Red vehicles caused subjects to rate the loudness of simultaneously presented train or car sounds higher relative to green vehicles. To investigate whether these loudness differences correspond to shifts in absolute threshold, subject's threshold in quiet was measured via Bekesy‐tracking while viewing red, green, and neutral color patches. Also, the influence of color on the loudness of broadband noise was measured using a method of adjustment, in which subjects had to adjust the level of a test sound until it was perceived as loud as a reference sound. In both cases, no influence of color on either absolute threshold or loudness perception measured via adjustment could be found. These results support the hypothesis that, compared to previously used methods like magnitude estimation, methods that require subjects to concentrate on the aud...


UNLABELLED
Free 211At has been proposed for therapy of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). However, no extensive biodistribution study comparing tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing mice has previously been performed. The aim of this study was to perform a complete evaluation of the biodistribution of 211At, both for normal and ATC-bearing mice. For comparison, the biodistribution of 125I- was simultaneously studied. Dosimetric evaluations were performed to investigate if (211)At can be used for therapy of ATC.

METHODS
Athymic nude mice were subcutaneously injected with either of two human ATC cell lines, HTh83 and KAT-4. Tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing mice were injected intravenously with 0.3 MBq 211At and 0.3 MBq 125I- simultaneously. The mice were sacrificed 4-24 hours after injection, and the activity concentrations in tissues were determined.

RESULTS
Except for the thyroid, the concentration of 211At was higher than that of 125I- in the tissues. The uptake of 211At was primarily high in NIS-expressing organs. Furthermore, the absorbed doses to these organs were higher than both tumor types.

CONCLUSIONS
The biodistribution of 211At and 125I- differed in this animal model. The higher mean absorbed dose from 211At in several organs than in tumor tissue restricts the possibility of using free 211At for therapy of ATC.


While welcoming research which examines sex differences in science education, I should like to make some comments on the Eyles and Jackson article 'Women, physics and research' in the May 1977 issue of Physics Bulletin (p204). Some of the expectations behind the initial hypotheses of the project do not follow from the educational research literature.


Objectives: During nail surgery, one of the most painful and stressful phases is anesthesia. Despite this, evidence on pain intensity is scarce, and most of the studies that measure it are experimental and apply strategies for its control Therefore, it was proposed as an objective to describe and quantify pain intensity in anesthesia for hallux nail surgery, during the procedure and after one hour analyze its relationship with preoperative anxiety and pain, and to compare pain between lateral and medial infiltration. Patients and methods: An observational study was performed on 115 patients aged 16 to 82 years requiring hallux nail surgery. A trunk anestehtic technique was performed and pain was measured. Pain was measured using a verbal rating scale (VRS). Results: The pain during anesthesia has a moderate intensity. It has been observed that pain is higher (statistically significant dif- ferences) in women, younger patients, those suffering from anxiety and with lower BMI values. The recall of pain after anesthesia is significantly lower than the pain reported at the time of infiltration, except in patients with anxiety where it is higher. Medial infiltration causes more pain than lateral, with a mean (SD) of 6.1 (2.4) and 5.7 (2.4), respectively; these differences are not statistically significant. Conclusions: Pain during hallux ring anesthesia is of moderate intensity, gender, age, BMI, educational level and anxiety influence pain. Participants with medium and basic studies are more likely to suffer from uncontrolled pain. The recall of pain after anesthesia is significantly lower than the pain reported at the time of infiltration, except in patients with anxiety.


"Three pure Chi " thought is born thought in universe that is a religion of Taoism to melt to shoot Chinese concerning "the theory of Taoist Chi " in the ancient philosophy, and 《Scripture of Great Peace 》in the thought of" vitality nature" and "three unite as one for lord" is since then. The name of "three Chi God" although it is said, from have it the history origin, but understood "the most original celestial spirits, go to highest natural God of higher - and comprehend to Lao Tzu of the high and highest truth" three God "was the universe begin from a Chi" is since then and not fixed by "person" to practice and get, so-called "a Chi change to three pure Chi" should be "Chi-change get God, the God none settles quality, because the distemper changes, giving elephant to take shape", again from 《Lao Tzu 》of "Tao theory" and 《Chuang Tzu 》of the " Chi-change " thought take in to analyze to inquire into, the religion of Taoism "a Chi change to three pure Chi "fairy then believes in of the thought origin for saying, also abundantly clear, obvious.


The objective of this thesis is to study the mechanical properties of magnesium-based composite (AX41) reinforced by short Saffil fibers. Two type of samples have been investigated: fiber plane parallel respective perpendicular to the loading axis. In both case compression tests were performed in temperature range from 23°C to 200°C. Deformation test were completed by acoustic emission and neutron diffraction measurement. Both methods provide information about the ongoing deformation mechanisms. Microstructure of deformed sample was investigated by SEM and EBSD methods in order to confirm the ND and AE results. The internal strain field in the material was predicted with numerical FEM and compared with the observed experimental values.


Growing interest and affordability of environmental DNA and RNA (eDNA and eRNA) approaches for biodiversity assessments and monitoring of complex ecosystems have led to the emergence of manifold protocols for nucleic acids (NAs) isolation and processing. Although there is no consensus on a standardized workflow, the common practice for water samples is to concentrate NAs via filtration using varying pore size membranes. Using the smallest pore is assumed to be most efficient for NAs capture from a wide range of material (including sub‐cellular particles); however, a trade‐off must occur between detection of a meaningful molecular signal and cost/time effort when processing samples using fine pore membranes. Comparative studies involving formal efficiency assessments are lacking, which restricts informed decision‐making around an optimized sampling approach for applications such as biosurveillance (i.e. detection and monitoring of target taxa—nuisance organisms, endangered and indicator taxa or other species of economic or cultural importance). Here, we present an experimental study using an easily cultured microalgal species (Alexandrium pacificum) to test different filter membranes for capturing NAs in the context of cost/time effort and cell fractions encountered in nature (whole cells, partially lysed and naked NAs). The results showed no statistically significant difference between membrane types for capturing target eDNA signal from intact and partially lysed cell treatments. In terms of time effort and volume processed, higher efficiency ratings were obtained with the larger pore size (5 μm) cellulose membranes. Positively charged nylon demonstrated enhanced capture of naked NAs, and especially eRNA signal, across treatments. Our findings support using coarse pore size filters for adequate capture of target NA signal (from both eDNA and eRNA) with less processing time. The framework presented here can provide a quick and robust feasibility check and comparative assessment of new and existing NA processing technologies, and allows sufficient control over multiple parameters, including physical–chemical water properties, temporal scales, and concentration and type of input material.


CHILDREN'S MINISTER, Sarah Teather MP, has announced the planned review of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is to go ahead, chaired by Dame Clare Tickell, chief executive of Action for Children. It will deliver its fi nal report in spring 2011, followed by a consultation period, before proposed changes are implemented in September 2012. So, any changes you might like to take place concerning the EYFS, will have to wait for a further two years.


Apparatus is provided for measuring the flow of high temperature fluid through a main line. A shunt path diverts a portion of the fluid flowing in the main line. The shunt path is so designed as to thermally isolate a flowmeter positioned in the shunt path from the transfer of heat from the main line. The flowmeter produces an output signal. This signal, and one produced by a temperature sensor in the main line, are applied to a correction circuit which produces an output indicating the actual flow of fluid in the main line.


The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of some 3-(1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-5-ylmethylene)-2-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoxalines and 3-(1, 2, 4-triazol-5-ylmethylene)-2-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoxalines were measured in dimethylsulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and TFA-d1. The spectra in DMSO-d6 indicated that 2, 3, 4, and 5 existed as the two tautomers A and B, and 6, 7, and 8 as a single tautomer. From the spectra of 2, 3, 4, and 5 in DMSO-d6, it was elucidated that tautomer A was predominant over tautomer B at low temperature, while the ratio of the tautomer B gradually increased with increase of the temperature. The spectra in TFA indicated that 2 occurred as the three tautomers C, D, and E, while 3, 4, and 5 existed as a single tautomer, D. Compounds 6 and 7 also appeared to isomerize in TFA, that is, 6 existed as the two tautomers C and E, while 7 existed as two of the three tautomers C, E, and G. Compound 8 was predominantly present in the form of tautomer C or E.


"Compositions, protein, polynucleotide, METHOD OF GENERATION AN IMMUNE RESPONSE, DETECTION METHOD, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, antibody or fragment thereof, transgenic animal, HYBRIDOMA, SUPPLY METHOD OF AN AGENT cytotoxic OR DIAGNOSIS AGENT AND GROWTH method of inhibiting CANCER CELLS ". They are described innovative 098P4B6 gene (also designated STEAP-2) and its encoded protein, and variants thereof, wherein 98P4B6 exhibits tissue specific expression in normal adult tissue, and is aberrantly expressed in the cancers related in Table I. Consequently, 98P4B6 target provides diagnostic, prognostic, prophylactic and / or therapeutic for cancer. The 98P4B6 gene or fragment thereof, or its encoded protein, or variants thereof, or fragment thereof, can be used to provide humoral or cellular immune response; antibodies or T cells reactive with 98P4B6 can be used in active or passive immunization.


We define two functions which determine the properties and the representation of the mean value of a function on a ball and on its associated sphere. Using these two functions, we obtain Pizzetti's formula in as well as a similar formula for the mean value of a function on the ball associated to the sphere. We also give the expressions of the remainders in these two formulas, using the surface integral on a sphere.


In both the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic, legal reform efforts have invariably relied on Western models and in administrative law this model has been the French. The first such effort was with the Tanzimat (The Charter of Reformation) in 1839, though these reforms did not have deep effect until the 1860s when the bases of the main administrative institutions such as the Turkish Conseil d'Etat were laid down.1 However, the Conseil d'Etat was not the only institutional model taken from France. The French layer of Turkish administrative law includes other institutions such as the Cour des Comptes, the Tribunal des Conflits, some financial organisations, the system of autonomous provincial and local administration and administrative tutelage.2


Urea‐linked gelatin and succinylated gelatin were mixed with fresh frozen plasma and human albumin solutions in vitro, in varying concentrations and at different temperatures. Gelling was only seen in those mixtures that contained fresh frozen plasma and urea‐linked gelatin. It occurred at both room temperature and 37°C when the mixture contained more than 40% by volume of urea‐linked gelatin. Further tests confirmed that this was the result of calcium ions in the urea‐linked gelatin allowing coagulation to occur in the fresh frozen plasma.


We experimentally investigate four-wave mixing under femtosecond filamentation in air of a pre-collimated/loosely focused beam with a single pulse. We show that its angular-frequency spectrum depends on preliminary focusing conditions and attribute this to the plasma density change. A simple model of the phase matched four-wave mixing gives a good agreement with the experimental results only if the plasma dispersion is taken into account.


As high serum potassium levels can lead to adverse outcomes in haemodialysis (HD) patients, dietary potassium is frequently restricted in these patients. However, recent studies have questioned whether dietary potassium really affects serum potassium levels. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) emphasizes the consumption of potassium rich foods, specially from plant sources, such as: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the DASH dietary pattern and serum potassium levels.

 This was an observational cross-sectional multicentre study with 582 HD patients from 37 dialysis centers. Clinical and biochemical data were registered. Dietary intake was obtained using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Adherence to DASH dietary pattern was obtained from Fung´s DASH index (8–40 points). For the statistical analysis, Fung´s DASH index was categorized into terciles and mean differences were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum potassium and adherence to the Dash dietary pattern. The multivariate model was adjusted to age, gender, presence of diabetes mellitus, energy intake, dietary potassium intake, residual diuresis, dialysis adequacy (Kt/V), dialysis vintage and intake of potassium binders. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS 26.0 software. A P-value lower than 0.05, was considered statistically significant.

 Patients' mean age was 67.8 ± 17.7 years and median HD vintage was 65 (43–104) months. Mean serum potassium was 5.3 ± 0.67 mEq/L,  dietary potassium intake was 2465 ± 1005 mg/day and mean Fung´s Dash Index was 23.9 ± 3.9. Of the whole sample, 36.4% of the patients presented low adherence to the DASH dietary pattern (0–22 points), 39.0% presented a moderate adherence (23–26 points) whereas 24.6% a high adherence (≥27 points).
 Comparing to the lower adherence, patients with a higher adherence to the DASH dietary pattern were older (P < 0.005), presented lower serum potassium (P = 0.021), serum sodium (P = 0.028), albumin (P = 0.030), creatinine (P < 0.005), energy intake (P = 0.006), protein intake (P = 0.010), total fat intake (P = 0.001), sodium intake (P < 0.005), lean tissue index (P = 0.006) and higher carbohydrates intake (P = 0.007), fiber intake (P < 0.005), potassium intake (P < 0.005), body mass index (P = 0.002) and fat tissue index (P < 0.005). No differences were observed in potassium binders, Kt/V, C-reactive protein nor haemoglobin. A higher adherence to this dietary pattern was a predictor of lower serum potassium levels (P = 0.004), even in the adjusted model (P = 0.016).

 Most of the patients presented a moderate adherence to the DASH dietary pattern. Following this dietary pattern, which is rich in potassium, is not associated with increased serum potassium levels in HD patients. What is more, a higher adherence to the DASH dietary pattern predicts lower serum potassium levels. Therefore, tight dietary potassium restrictions may not be adequate, at least for those with a DASH diet plan as a more flexible diet, especially regarding plant-based foods rich in potassium, may promote other health benefits and reduce patient´s dietary plan limitations.


A method for determining the material properties of the system at the interface between the first layer and the second layer comprises: the electromagnetic radiation to the sample output of the transmitter, reflected by the sample receiving electromagnetic radiation transmitted through the sample or the receiver, and data acquisition means. Data acquisition means is configured to: for a sample being reflected or transmitted electromagnetic radiation through the sample is digitized, to produce waveform data, wherein the waveform data represents the radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample in the sample, the waveform data having a first magnitude The second and third magnitude values. To determine the nature of the material usually adhesion strength between the first and second layers.


Antenatal care services are basic health services for pregnant women that must be carried out according to standards, namely at least 4 times during pregnancy. Each pregnancy can develop into problems or complications, so monitoring is necessary during pregnancy.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of attitudes and norms on ANC behavior for early detection of pregnancy risk at the Saronggi Health Center, Sumenep Regency. The design of this study is a quantitative observational study with a cross sectional approach with the focus of the research being directed at analyzing the influence of attitudes and norms on ANC behavior for early detection of pregnancy risk at the Saronggi Health Center, Sumenep Regency. The total population is 134 respondents and a sample of 100 respondents is taken using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Data analysis using Linear Regression test. The results showed thatalmost half of the respondents have attitudes in the moderate category, 46 respondents (46%). Most of the respondents have a norm in the sufficient category of 52 respondents (52%). Almost half of the respondents have behavior in the moderate category, as many as 48 respondents (48%).Based on the results of Multiple Linear Regression analysis shows that with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05 then H1 is accepted so it can be concluded that simultaneously there is the influence of attitudes and norms on ANC behavior for early detection of pregnancy risk at the Saronggi Health Center, Sumenep Regency with a magnitude of 86.9%. It is expected that respondents can carry out Integrated ANC regularly and follow all the treatment agendas that must be carried out during pregnancy in order to avoid the risk of pregnancy.


Biofouling triggers extensive research in ship tribology. Antifouling technology has garnered great attention as a solution for biofouling; thus, biomimetic lubricant‐infused surfaces are developed as alternatives to superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study, we developed slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) by infusing perfluoropolyether oil into porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) surfaces using a vacuum impregnation device. The oil settled firmly in the AAO surfaces owing to the strong capillary forces in the pores, thus forming a lubricating layer with a low contact angle hysteresis and long‐term slippery condition. SLIPS exhibited an excellent antifouling performance by reducing 98.4% of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The coefficient of biofilm formed by the microorganisms was also investigated. The results confirmed that the lubricating layer impeded the formation of biofilm. This research provides valuable information for the fabrication of SLIPS and its antifouling mechanism.


Rapprochement urbanism addresses how wild environments can be accommodated in urban spaces to create more sustainable and resilient cities. Referring to the dual realities of wilderness and urbanity, this design strategy explores the interaction of their two structures to replace the misconception that cities are built "on" the natural environment, with the assertion that cities are built "in" it. Jackson, Mississippi currently treats adjacent vibrant ecological habitats as forgotten back alleys rather than urban assets. Utilizing interventions within a holistic plan, rapprochement urbanism combats urban sprawl and "back alley" attitudes, mitigates stormwater challenges, and facilitates human and animal spatial needs. Rapprochement urbanism, through the rewilding of Jackson, MS, allows architects to more directly impact and improve the ecological sustainability of this city of 170,000 inhabitants.[i]

i"Jackson, Mississippi." Jackson, Mississippi (MS) Profile: Population, Maps, Real Estate, Averages, Homes, Statistics, Relocation, Travel, Jobs,Hospitals, Schools, Crime, Moving, Houses, News, Sex Offenders. http://www.city-data.com/city/Jackson -Mississippi.html (Accessed November 01, 2018).


Collaborative E-Learning is an environment where in learners learn through interaction among peer group mates using computers. Evaluating learners in terms of collaboration capabilities in a collaborative e-learning session can be quantified based on several parameters. These parameters include learner's contribution in the collaborative e-learning sessions; collaboration history of a learner in collaborative e-learning sessions and the level of knowledge of the learner in the group in which he participates. In respect to this finding the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) person refers to someone who has a better understanding and higher ability level than other learners, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept. He can make others learn effectively. By finding out the MKO it is possible to form effective and efficient group where in learner's learning capabilities in a group can be enhanced so that the peers in the group participate to maximum extent and there is an increase in knowledge level. In this paper, a fuzzy model is introduced to find out an MKO using an intelligent inference system to improve learner's learning capabilities in terms of a proposed metric called fuzzy associative matrix. This matrix can be utilized to guide the collaborative e-learning system for finding out the MKO as the best choice for very effective collaborative e-learning. Simulation study using NetLogo has been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy provides an optimal solution in ascertaining an MKO among peers in collaborative E-learning environments.


The article reflects on a small longitudinal case study of a large compulsory module in a pre-1992 red-brick law school, using a narrative discursive method.  It suggests that "alternative" methods of university law school teaching, such as Problem Based Learning, are experienced by students at the time as unsatisfactory.  After being in graduate employment for several years, the students' experience has entirely changed.  At that stage in their development and careers, students understand the relationships between the skills being fostered in such modules, and employment in the legal or other graduate professions.  Processes, such as the Teaching Excellence Framework, that rely too strongly on contemporaneous assessments of the quality of student learning, such as the National Student Survey, create strong individual and institutional incentives to avoid such "risky" teaching.  This undermines the stated aim of enhancing "employability" through university education.


• Drynet update > 1 • International Agenda 2012 > 2 • Improving food and livelihood security through livestock activities in the Ecofarm project > 2 • Statement by Patrice Burger from CARI France and DRYNET at the UN General Assembly New York on September 20, 2011 > 4 • DESIRE: lessons learned in the collaboration between scientists and Non-Governmental Organisations in research projects > 7 content Drynet Update Drynet is a project of 15 organisations from all over the world. They work together to combat land degradation February 2012 No. 9


The aim of this study was to report the development and testing of a model explaining gender differences in the interrelationships among aptitude measures, high school mathematics and science preparation, college academic level, motivational and self-regulatory variables, and grade point average using structural equation modeling and multiple groups analysis for undergraduate females (n=312) and males (n=158). Data were gathered using a new instrument entitled Learning Strategies and Study Skills survey (Ruban and Reis, 1999). First, the study investigated gender differences in precollege scholastic and academic factors, motivation, self-regulation, and academic achievement of postsecondary students. Second, the study simultaneously examined the interrelationships among these cognitive and noncognitive variables for the entire sample of students and for males and females within the structural modeling framework. Tests of interrelationships helped to attain a more complete understanding of the factors that impact college students academic performance, and whether these factors exert similar or differential influence on the academic attainment of males and females. Results of the study provide support for gender invariance for the measurement and structural model for males and females. Even though no gender differences were found, interesting patterns emerged regarding the impacts of precollege scholastic and academic factors and self-regulated learning factors on college academic achievement among male and females collegians. These paths of influence are interpreted in terms of social cognitive theory and research conducted within the framework of gender differences. (Contains 2 figures, 6 tables, and 92 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Gender Invariance in the Impacts of Pre-College Scholastic Factors and Self-Regulated Learning Variables on the Academic Attainment of Undergraduate Students PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Lilia Ruban University of Houston D. Betsy Mc Coach University of Connecticut Sally M. Reis University of Connecticut U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDU ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. El Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.


Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, Pakistan has experienced four waves of pandemic. The fourth wave ended in October, 2021 while the fifth wave of pandemic starts in January, 2022. The data regarding the circulating strains after the fourth wave of pandemic from Pakistan is not available. The current study explore the genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 after fourth wave and before fifth wave of pandemic through whole genome sequencing. The results showed the circulation of different strains of SARS-CoV-2 during November-December, 2021. We have Omicron BA.1 (n=4), Lineage A (n=2) and delta AY.27 (n=1) variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the population of Islamabad. All the isolates harbors characteristics mutations of omicron and delta variant in the genome. The lineage A isolate harbors a nine amino acid (68-76) and a ten amino acid (679-688) deletion in the genome. The circulation of omicron in the population before the fifth wave of pandemic and subsequent upsurges of COVID-19 positive cases in Pakistan highlights the importance of genomic surveillance.


We present an investigation on the structures and chemical bonding of two Bi-doped boron clusters BiBn− (n = 4, 5) using photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The electron affinities of BiB4 and BiB5 are measured to be 2.22(2) eV and 2.61(2) eV, respectively. Well-resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained and used to compare with theoretical calculations to verify the structures of BiB4− and BiB5−. Both clusters adopt planar structures with the Bi atom bonded to the periphery of the planar Bn moiety. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that the Bn moiety maintains σ and π double-aromaticity. The Bi atom is found to induce relatively small structural changes to the Bn moiety, very different from transition metal-doped boron clusters.


There are studied the features of heavy metals accumulation by plants and meadow phytocenosis. Phytomeliorative properties of plants with various levels of soil contamination are assessed. It is revealed a group of plants with an enhanced ability to accumulate heavy metals in ground phytomass (creeping thistle, shepherd's purse, common wormwood, Asiatic dock). These plants can be recommended for purification of contaminated soils at the latter stages of remediation, when the content of heavy metals in soil is already not so great.


Every manager in an organization is responsible for achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. Similarly, managing human resource function is also a responsibility of every manager in an organization. Organizations exist for a variety of purposes. Some produce goods for local or overseas consumption while others provide necessary services for profit or community benefit. In pursuit of their objectives, all organizations rely on the availability and effectiveness of several kinds of resources, which can be divided into finance, technology, and people. Some organizations emphasize their financial resources others rely on the quality of their employees, their human resources. Regardless of the particular resource emphasis in industry, human resource is usually the key ingredient for organizational success. The purpose of this research is to study the devolvement of line managers in Human Resource Management (HRM) activities in the Sri Lankan context. To achieve the objectives of this research the researcher adopted the quantitative approach. The research strategy of the study was the survey method. For the empirical study, all the elements of the population were considered. The research findings of the study fill the empirical knowledge gap in the Sri Lankan context concerning the practice of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). The findings of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the line manager's involvement in HRM activities and the practice of SHRM. This can be a guide for Sri Lankan organizations to increase the effectiveness of the Practice of SHRM to achieve organizational


Summary The results obtained with the use of the 131I-labelled triiodothyronine in vitro red blood cell uptake test (RCU) on 614 patients were statistically analysed and compared to other thyroid function tests (protein-bound iodine, plasma activity tests, thyroid 131I uptake). The diagnostic accuracy of the RCU was quite satisfactory: 84% in euthyroidism, 92% in hyperthyroidism and 78% in hypothyroidism. The RCU test proved to be useful in the determination of thyroid status in patients pretreated with organic or inorganic iodine as well as in following the effects of both antithyroid and substitutional therapies. It has been found in the in vitro studies that the storage of the radioactive material causes a progressive decrease in the results of the RCU, presumably due to decomposition of the 131I-T3 molecule. The differences in the methods, the normal ranges and the diagnostic accuracies reported by other authors have been reviewed.


An expedition to observe the total solar eclipse of May 28 having been sanctioned by the Admiralty, it was arranged, in concert with the Joint Permanent Eclipse Committee, that the Royal Observatory party should take photographs of the corona on a large scale for structural detail, and on a smaller scale for the coronal streamers, and should also photograph the spectrum of the "flash" and of the corona. The programme thus naturally divided itself into two parts, Mr. Christie, assisted by Mr. Davidson, taking charge of the first part, and Mr. Dyson of the second. The party are much indebted to the Portuguese Government for the liberal arrangements made for the conveyance of the observers and their instruments in Portugal free of all charge to and from their observing station at Ovar, and for the great assistance rendered in erecting the instruments, and for a daily time-signal from the Lisbon Observatory direct to the observing station.


In this paper, a detailed design description and the performance characteristics are presented for the gamma ray detector system developed for the fissile mass flow monitor (FMFM) to be used on 8-in.-diam process pipes. The FMFM continuously measures the 235 U fissile mass flow rate of a UF6 gas stream. It uses moderated and modulated 252 Cf neutron sources for fission activation of the UF6 gas. Four pairs of bismuth germinate (BGO) scintillation detectors are placed around the process pipe (on the top, bottom, front, and back) downstream of the neutron sources so that a high detection efficiency can be achieved for measuring the delayed gammas (> 0.3 MeV) emitted from the fission fragments in the stream for the flow measurements. The BGO crystal was selected because it is a novel scintillation material (a rugged, nonhygroscopic, neutroninsensitive, high-density, and high-Z material) with high absorption (stopping) power and because it has high peak photoefficiency for high-energy gammas. Each 4-in.-diam, 2-in.-thick BGO scintillation crystal is coupled to a 3-in.-diam photomultiplier tube (PMT). Both are shielded with lead to reduce the background signal. Each detector pair is housed in a metal enclosure that also contains an electronics board for signal shaping and counting. The front-end electronics boards independently amplify and shape the detector signals before they are summed. The combined signal is then fed into two single-channel analyzers (SCAs), which separate the pulses into low- and high-energy bands and subsequently determine the count rate in each band. A local area network node for providing secure data transmission to the FMFM computer and a local temperature sensor are also parts of each detector electronics board. The temperature response of the detector signal resulting from the intrinsic temperature coefficient of each BGOPMT assembly is used for real-time corrections of the system by monitoring the 186-keV spectrum line of 235 U obtained with the lower-energy SCA. The lower-energy SCA is also scanned during manual detector energy calibration to capture 186- or 96-keV spectral lines from the UF6, depending upon its enrichment. The higher-energy SCA output provides for the measurement of the 0.3- to 2-MeV delayed gamma ray signal from the fission fragments in the UF6 stream.


After the discussion of support mechanism of counterfort wall of reimforced concrete,combined with a specific example of counterfort wall at a high fill subgrade slope engineering in a railway transportation special line,systematically expounded with the construction technology,so as to consummate constructional technique of counterfort wall.


Introduction: Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is the most prevalent oral lesion. It is characterized by recurrent attacks of regular, oval or round, solitary or painful multiple ulcers. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid pleiotropic molecule. Lower vitamin D serum level has been found to be involved in the etiology of many diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare levels of serum vitamin D in patients having RAU with healthy subjects to determine if a relationship exists between vitamin D level and the severity of the disease. Subjects and Methods: 70 patients having idiopathic MiRAU (Group I) and 70 healthy control subjects with matched age and sex (Group II) were included. RAU severity was represented by number of ulcers per attack and the frequency of recurrence. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum vitamin D levels were compared between group I and group II and correlated with RAU severity. Results: The mean level of 25(OH)D in MiRAU group was significantly lower than the control group (p< 0.001). Severe deficiency and deficiency levels of 25(OH)D were more common in MiRAU group than in control group. Significant inverse correlation was observed between serum 25(OH)D levels and severity of RAU. Conclusions: In this study, significant association has been observed between serum vitamin D deficiency and RAU. Moreover, the strong influence of low serum vitamin D level on the severity of the disease suggesting its role in the pathogenesis of RAU.


This paper describes a novel light-sensor-based information transmission system with particular benefits for mobile and wearable computers. Fluorescent light is used as the medium to transmit information which is in encoded form and receiver receives the encoded light information through a photoreceiver. The information is passed into the wearable or mobile computer after the data are decoded. This information allows positioning information to be given to indoor mobile and wearable computers. Keywords– fluorescent lamp, wearable computer.


Solid is a moderate re-decentralization architecture for the Web. In Solid, applications fetch data from storage providers called "pods" which implement discretionary access control, permitting users to grant and revoke access rights and thus keeping control over their data. In this paper, we propose to apply an additional de-verticalization by introducing IPFS as a common backend for Solid pods, the goal being to prevent pod provider lock-in and permitting users to consider "self-poding" where the heavy persistency task is out-sourced to IPFS. We have implemented this Solid-over-IPFS architecture using the open-source "Community Solid Server" and successfully ran several Solid applications over IPFS.


Recent studies have shown the importance of small-scale climate diversification and climate microrefugia for organisms to escape or suffer less from the impact of current climate change. These situations are common in topographically complex terrains like mountains, where many climate-forcing factors vary at a fine spatial resolution. We investigated this effect in a high roughness area of a southern European range (the Pyrenees), with the aid of a network of miniaturized temperature and relative humidity sensors distributed across 2100 m of elevation difference. We modeled the minimum (Tn) and maximum (Tx) temperatures above- and below-ground, and maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPDmax), as a function of several topographic and vegetation variables derived from ALS-LiDAR data and Landsat series. Microclimatic models had a good fit, working better in soil than in air, and for Tn than for Tx. Topographic variables (including elevation) had a larger effect on above-ground Tn, and vegetation variables on Tx. Forest canopy had a significant effect not only on the spatial diversity of microclimatic metrics but also on their refugial capacity, either stabilizing thermal ranges or offsetting free-air extreme temperatures and VPDmax. Our integrative approach provided an overview of microclimatic differences between air and soil, forests and open areas, and highlighted the importance of preserving and managing forests to mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Remote-sensing can provide essential tools to detect areas that accumulate different factors extensively promoting refugial capacity, which should be prioritized based on their high resilience.


It relates to a semiconductor device and its manufacturing method, a bit line in order to prevent the working is, and furthermore, a lower electrode or wiring layer bit electrically shorted line and the word line and the capacitor to short circuit to the word line and electrically, the first insulating layer ( 8), the first conductor (12c) and the bit line 30 is electrically connected to the lower electrode (34a) and the semiconductor substrate (1) of each capacitor in the first hole (11c) and a second hole (11d) having a (13a) and a second conductor (12d) for electrically connecting the semiconductor substrate 1 at the same time as a self-aligning manner to form on the word line 4, the second insulating layer 14, 32 has a claim for the bit-line (13a) to the lower electrode (34a) of the capacitor in the third hole (17b) was formed in a self-aligning manner. By what to do this, the bit line is not a thing happens, and furthermore, a lower electrode or wiring layer of the capacitor bit line and short-circuit to the word line and electrically short-circuited word line and the electrical and also good between the electrodes or third wiring layer and the semiconductor substrate there is an effect that the electric resistance characteristics are obtained.


The reading impairment of the majority of prelingually, profoundly deaf subjects (Conrad, 1979) results mainly from a deficiency of their primary linguistic competence. It is widely recognized that orally educated deaf children attain only limited ability in the reception and production of both oral and written language (see Quigley and Paul, 1984 for a review). The lack of adequate communication between the child and his environment, especially in early childhood, is often identified as the main cause of this situation. A number of alternative communication methods have been proposed as potential solutions in order to reduce the language impairment of deaf children.


This paper treats some theoretical premises determining peculiarities of acetylene polymerization and properties of polyene systems containing carboxy groups. Some kinetic mechanisms of the radiation polymerization of propiolic acid in the liquid phase were experimentally studied. It is shown that solid-state polymerization of propiolic acid leads to the formation of the polymer with a higher molecular mass and greater effective conjugate length. The solid-state polymerization of propiolic acid salts illustrates the dependence of the inclination to polymerization of ion metal radius. Some properties of polypropiolic acid and its salts were investigated, in particular, their inclination to photochemical reactions. A certain influence of the polyconjugate system and of the type of polyene chain configuration on the polypropiolic acid property as polyelectrolyte was discovered.


Metrological traceability is a key technical requirement of the ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard, applied to calibration and testing laboratories that intend to prove their technical competence. In this work, the concept of metrological traceability is discussed, with focus on chemical and pharmaceutical testing laboratories. Practical recommendations for the selection and use of certified reference materials (CRM) are given.


It has been suggested to establish a search and rescue orbiting satellite system as a means for locating distress signals from downed aircraft, small boats, and overland expeditions. Emissions from Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELT), now available in most U.S. aircraft are to be utilized in the positioning procedure. A description is presented of a set of Doppler navigation algorithms for extracting ELT position coordinates from Doppler data. The algorithms have been programmed for a small computing machine and the resulting system has successfully processed both real and simulated Doppler data. A software system for solving the Doppler navigation problem must include an orbit propagator, a first guess algorithm, and an algorithm for estimating longitude and latitude from Doppler data. Each of these components is considered.


Using the disk-flotation method and a Catalasemeter®, catalase production by 13 different species of bacteria was studied qualitatively and quantitatively.


In large high-power laser devices,the surface and subsurface defects of fused silica optical components directly affect the laser damage threshold and imaging quality. In this paper, fluorescence imaging technology is used to obtain images of defects in the subsurface layer of optical components that will absorb laser. Because the original image has the characteristics of sparse signal, weak intensity, low contrast, etc. In order to efficiently and reliably evaluate the surface and subsurface defects, this paper proposes a weak and small defect detection method based on local adaptive contrast enhancement and seed region growth. Firstly, the local adaptive contrast enhancement method is used to enhance the contrast of the original image. Secondly, the method of bilateral filtering is used to denoise. Thirdly, seed region growth method is used to segment the defective regions and perform morphological processing. Finally, defect detection is performed. The experiment uses different segmentation methods to detect images in different regions. The results show that this method can significantly enhance the contrast of the original fluorescence image, and detect pixel-level defects, and the detection rate is stable at about 95%. Meanwhile, the reasons, size distribution and other characteristics of the sub-surface defects of fused silica optical components are analyzed. This paper provides a nondestructive method of detecting weak and small defects in the subsurface layer of the optical element faster and higher accuracy.


This chapter explains how it has been possible to propose a reasonable mission, taking into account the scientific objectives and the mission constraints. It shows how the scientific specifications have been translated in the observation programme and its successive runs. It describes the observations from all aspects: selection criteria (scientific and operational), tools, implementation, global results and specific results. A particular focus is made on evolution, showing how scientists and engineers in charge of the operations at CNES and in the laboratories have adapted the major principles to the results of the first observations and to the instrument in flight. The first section deals with science and presents the process to choose the targets and the result of this scientific choice, i.e. the observed targets, individually for the bright stars and statistically for the faint stars. The following section gathers many operational aspects: the tools used for the operations as well as for the scientific choices, the work flow followed at the beginning of each run, the resulting overall duty cycle. The last section concerns the runs one by one. A first table indicates the periods of lack of data. Then specific scientific information is given for each run and, in some cases, complementary remarks useful to interpret the data, such as special processing, anomalies, ... The concept of the instrument and the definition phase were extensively described in Fridlund et al. (2006), called "The CoRoT book".


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can have various ophthalmic manifestations, of which a rare but serious association is peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK), which can progress to corneal melt and perforation. Adequate immuno-suppression and close follow-up are required in these patients to prevent ocular and systemic progression of disease. We report a case of PUK in SLE which progressed rapidly despite immuno-suppression and required surgical intervention.


The plate-like nanoparticles with uniform size were synthesized by a Solid-state thermal reaction successfully between micro-sized Mo with the mixed powders of S and Se,and then studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) to determine the microstructure and morphology.The result indicated that the nanoplates were composite phases of MoS2/MoS1.5Se0.5 nanoflakes with a length of 300-600 nm and thickness of 5 nm.The tribological properties of MoS2/MoS1.5Se0.5 nanoflakes were measured on UMT-2 tribo-tester and a tribological mechanism was proposed.The results show that MoS2/MoS1.5Se0.5 nanoflakes exhibit excellent properties of friction and wear as an additive of base oil.


US students who are blind or have visual impairments do not read at the level of a third-grader with typical sight until, on average, halfway through the seventh grade. As a first step toward narrowing that gap, we investigated levels of linguistic awareness among teachers of students who are blind or visually impaired (TSBVIs) because research with general education teachers has demonstrated a link between teacher linguistic awareness and student literacy outcomes. We also examined the accuracy of dyslexia beliefs among TSBVIs and whether TSBVI linguistic awareness and dyslexia beliefs are associated with training and experience variables. A survey of licensed or certified TSBVIs (N = 236) in the US revealed that TSBVIs' understanding of linguistic concepts was comparable to that of educators in previous studies, and TSBVIs' overall beliefs about dyslexia were more accurate than those of other educators. Linguistic awareness was not associated with training and experience variables, suggesting linguistic awareness is not a focus of reading courses offered to preservice TSBVIs and they do not acquire it in the field. Master's degree attainment was significantly related to the overall accuracy of TSBVIs' dyslexia beliefs and years of experience working as a TSBVI was marginally associated with the overall accuracy of TSBVIs' dyslexia beliefs. Only years of experience diminished the misconception that dyslexia is a visual disorder. Because TSBVIs did not appear to know less about linguistic concepts and dyslexia than other educators, the reading achievement gap between students with visual impairments and students with typical sight is unlikely to be attributable to underdeveloped TSBVI knowledge.


In this work, we present the application of the PCSAFT equation of state to model phase diagrams of systems containing ILs. The first part of this work
consists on an experimental section including vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurement for binary systems containing {ILs+CO2} and {ILs+ pyridine}. In a second part, the experimental data were correlated with the PC-SAFT model and accurate prediction was obtained for the two binary systems.


A Chinese medicine for treating chronic periodontitis is prepared from 14 Chinese-medicinal materials including coptis root, honeysuckle flower, gypsum, dandelion herb, etc.


The Earth Mover's Distance is a well-known distance measure employed in various domains, especially for content-based retrieval in multimedia databases. However, the distance evaluation is a considerably expensive task and thus for large multimedia databases, efficient query processing becomes a challenging problem. In this paper, we introduce a parameterized version of the Earth Mover's Distance that can be used by database experts to change the distance distribution in the derived distance space in order to improve the indexability. We empirically show, that we can significantly improve the indexability of the distance space and that we can tune the retrieval quality by adapting the parameterized Earth Mover's Distance.


Plots of a tallgrass prairie ecosystem were exposed to ambient and twice-ambient CO{sub 2} concentrations in open-top chambers and compared to unchambered ambient CO{sub 2} plots during the entire growing season from 1989 through 1992. Relative root production among treatments was estimated using root ingrowth bags which remained in place throughout the growing season. Latent heat flux was simulated with and without water stress. Botanical composition was estimated annuallyin all treatments. Open-top chambers appeared to reduce latent heat flux and increase water use efficiency similar to elevated CO{sub 2} when water stress was not severe, but under severe water stress, chamber effect on water use efficiency was limited. In natural ecosystems with periodic moisture stress, increased water use efficiency under elevated CO{sub 2} apparently would have a greater impact on productivity than photosynthetic pathway. Root ingrowth biomass was greater in 1990 and 1991 on elevated CO{sub 2} plots compared to ambient or chambered-ambient plots. In 1992, there was no difference in root ingrowth biomass among treatments.


A method for the electrical control of the brake system of a vehicle, - depending on the braking request of the driver to the brake operating up braking force in the wheel brakes of the brake system of the vehicle or is degraded and - are determined during the braking operation of at least one operating variable of the brake system and the vehicle brake characteristic values, characterized in that for controlling - is detected with the start of the brake assembly at the start of braking of the braking effect the beginning and - at the start of braking at least one operating parameter is detected and - in a further buildup of braking power the brake characteristic values for this will be determined at least one operating variable, at least one wheel brake and an axis in dependency and - the brake characteristic values and / or which are stored at least one operating parameter and - the wheel brakes as a function of - the driver's braking intention, - the stored braking characteristics and - the size of the at least one determined during the braking operation quantity onset of action can be controlled.


The effect of variation of the shear wave velocity profile of a layered soil on a minimal mass of a rigid machine foundation under behavior constraints on vibration and normal stress contact amplitudes and side constraints is numerically studied. The nonlinear programming problem has been solved by an iterative application of a sequential linear programming. The dynamic response of the machine foundation to unbalanced forces is evaluated including the dynamic soil-block interaction. The mixed-boundary value problem of elastodynamics was formulated as the system of Fredholm integral equations of the first kind with the Green's functions for a half-space as kernels and contact tractions as unknowns. The solution of the integral equations was accomplished numerically by a Boundary Element Method. In addition, the effect of embedment of the block into the soil was included by means of a local dynamic boundary used to simulate the backfill. Numerical results illustrate the sensitivity of the optimum design with respect to variations in problem preassigned parameters.


Physiological, psychological and psychopathological studies of eight cases of narcolepsy were made. The controversial points in the previous literature were discussed. No evidence for an epileptic basis to the narcoleptic seizures was obtained, which seemed identical with normal sleep, irrespective of aetiology of the narcolepsy. Doubtful evidence of the presence of excess "vagotonia" was obtained. Personality studies suggested certain common character traits in these subjects and the psychological significance of the attacks was discussed.

The majority of the cases were referred from King's College Hospital, to whose Physicians (especially Drs. MacDonald Critchley and S. Nevin) I am indebted. Case 8 was under the care of Dr. E. Stengel. My thanks are due to Mrs. F. Talland, of the Department of Psychology at the Institute of Psychiatry, for doing most of the psychological tests.


The purpose of the study served to determine the influence of the «Geprim for chickens» on morphological and biochemical blood replacement chickens and subsequent productivity of laying hens. During the period of experience in poultry experimental and control groups during the growth at intervals of 1 month blood sampling was performed for morphological biochemical studies. The drug stimulates the youngsters throughout the growing period with a single to use it in day-old intramuscularly in the thigh. Found that in the experimental group the drug stimulates the protective and respiratory functions of blood, which was reflected in the growing number of white blood cells (the number in the experimental group exceeded the control, respectively 39.8%, 41.3% and 32.6%.), Red blood cells (in 80%, 73% and 53% respectively.) and hemoglobin (51.6%, 33% and 25.8%). In the experimental group compared with the control, geprim beloksinteticheskuyu improves liver function: in the young experimental group level of total protein, albumin, and the ratio of albumin to globulins were more within two months of the experiment. In the blood serum of chickens experimental group during the two months of the experiment there was an increase of aspartate aminotransferase activity in comparison with the control. Alanine the birds of the experimental group was higher only in the second month of the experiment 38.5% relative to control. By the end of the third month, has decreased in relation to control of 36.3%. «Geprim for chickens» when used in the future allow the chicks get a big egg production of laying hens for 24 weeks. The total number of eggs laid in the experimental group was greater than in the control at 29 340 units, productivity in hen housed was higher in the treated group by 1.6 eggs, the average hen 0.8 eggs.


The B-57B Gust Gradient Program is a joint effort of NASA Headquarters, Marshall Space Flight Center, Dryden Flight Research Facility, Langley Research Center, and Ames Research Center. The primary program goal is to measure spanwise variations of turbulent gusts across an airflow. To this end, the NASA B-57B aircraft was equipped with three component gust probes on each wing tip and on the nose. Early results of flights done in conjunction with the Joint Airport Weather Studies (JAWS) project are described.


Reviewing the theory of chaos in the field of nonlinear dynamics, this paper summarized theory of chaos and its applications in medical signal processing including electroencephalogram(EEG) signal?electrocardiogram(ECG) signal?electromyogram(EMG) signal, etc. The foreground is reviewed to advance the study and application of nonlinear dynamics theory in biomedical engineering.


By the dropwise addition of an alkaline solution of hydroborate and either arsenite, antimonite, germanate, or stannite to aqueous acid, good yields of either arsine, stibine, germane, or stannane, respectively, were obtained. Small amounts of diarsine, digermane, and the heretofore unknown distannane formed with the arsine, germane, and stannane, respectively. No silane was obtained by a similar procedure using a solution of sodium silicate, and only traces of phosphine were obtained by similar procedures involving phosphite and hypophosphite. Distamane readily decomposes into the elements at room temperature. The infrared absorption spectrum of solid distannane was determined and a partial frequency assignment was made. (auth)


Hereafter, when beads bedazzling, Atété manifests let's re-occult her behind drapes shearer than light, and spread fresh grass and colors to reflect the beads Satin, more exacting than silk dark brown, comelier than coffee gleaming yellow, purer than the sun grey, paler than rancor where white and black bleed into each other crimson, redder than embers cultured lavender, purer than eternity jet black, to quench and tame the light the cradle of life, algae green mellow brown, distilled from the yolk— sapphire pearl, tear drops of heaven ultramarine, Gondarine folds of the Madonna's cape beige, taupe, fawn, russet, ruddy Calm this side of movement, speed beyond speed— Infinities of colors outstripping enumeration. As with ornate basketry, penetrating rushes jostle for the Divine Feminine, the tale subsumes Truth— spring, summer, fall, winter... as if a lifetime would for a life suffice.


A.Process AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING A THREAD MEAs. B.L'APPAREIL INCLUDES 6 NOZZLE FOR WINDING FIBER 24 AROUND A SOUL 3 AND A ADDITIONAL WIRE AME 22. THIS INCLUDES NOZZLE 6 ALLOW THE SIDE TUBE 20 24 FIBER AND WIRE AME ADDITIONAL 22. A 10 NOZZLE IS EXPECTED TO REACH OVER MADE A FALSE TWIST 7. C.Application IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES.


. A three-dimensional BE–FE model for the time harmonic analysis of bucket foundations in poroelastic soils is presented. The soil follows the Biot's poroelasticity and is discretized using the BEM. The skirt of the bucket is modeled as a degenerated shell finite element. The soil-structure interaction is taken into account assuming a crack-like boundary from the soil point of view, where the Dual BEM is applied. It is shown that this simple representation is accurate and efficient. This model is applied to an analysis of the impedances of bucket foundations, where the influences of the foundation geometry and soil properties are studied. The study shows that, when considering realistic seabed soils, a poroelastic model should be used for the low-frequency range ( < 1 − 6 Hz depending on the seabed soil). It is shown that this is particularly true for bucket foundations with small length to diameter ratios.


Lithium-ion battery electrolytes are key components contributing to the Li+ transference and the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. A high-concentration LiPF6-based EC/DMC electro...


Numerical analysis is a branch of mathematics that deals with the development, analysis, and implementation of numerical algorithms for solving mathematical problems. In particular, it focuses on finding approximate solutions to problems that cannot be solved analytically, often using computers and other numerical methods. The numerical analysis involves the use of various mathematical techniques, including linear algebra, calculus, optimization, and statistics, to develop numerical algorithms that can solve a wide range of problems in fields such as engineering, physics, finance, and computer science. These problems may involve the calculation of derivatives and integrals, the solution of differential equations, the optimization of functions, and the approximation of functions. The goal of numerical analysis is to provide accurate and efficient solutions to mathematical problems that are difficult or impossible to solve using traditional analytical methods. This field has become increasingly important in modern science and engineering, as it enables researchers and practitioners to simulate complex systems, design new products, and solve challenging mathematical problems.


The upper limit of the aspect ratio for large and thick resist patterns of 25-50 μm width and 65-400 μm thickness was investigated using negative SU-8 resist. A hand made exposure system was used for the experiments, and the F-numbers were set at 5.6-11.2. The F-numbers correspond to the low numerical apertures (NAs) of 0.089-0.044. Whether favorable patterns were printed or not were mainly depended on the resolution and the pattern collapse. The low NA values and appropriate defocus by placing the wafers separating from the lens enabled to print favorable high-aspect patterns with vertical sidewalls. The highest aspect ratio was approximately 8 for the patterns of 51 μm width and 417 μm height.


In recent years, many forestry projects have been implemented in developing countries. In China, a variety of large-scale afforestation and reforestation programmes have been carried out with multiple objectives, such as livelihood improvement and carbon sequestration. As in many developing countries, these projects have been implemented in a smallholder context. This paper investigates the determinants of smallholder participation in large forestry projects. Using the case of camellia, it explores the determinants of smallholder participation using a probit regression model. To distinguish between participation in international and government-run projects, a bivariate probit regression model is used. The findings show that only 37% of households in the sample had participated in the Camellia project; a major reason for the low participation rate is perceived tenure insecurity. The results of the bivariate probit model show that the education level of the household head and household size have a positive impact on the likelihood of household participation. The more 'off-farm' activities are taken up in a household, the less likely a household is to participate in an international project. For a government project, household size also has a positive impact on the likelihood of participation. Chinese forestry is diversifying since the devolution of forestland use rights, with a majority of households hesitating to invest, while some risk investment and others depend on government subsidies. The main policy implication is that, if the Chinese government wishes to achieve its goal of 1.68 million hectares of camellia, then improving tenure security is crucial.


This study is the result of work performed in the pedagogical practice of the school physical education. The goal was to present the methodology of working with projects as an instrument of intervention in the physical education classes. The theoretical basis used in this study was based on the principles of qualitative research. The project developed was walking Well, and involved various segments of school, addressed topics such as knowledge of the body and the environment. The results showed that the proposed methodology made possible a significant learning of students demonstrating its contemporary requires the teacher to adopt methodologies and teaching strategies that promote the construction of contextualized knowledge.


It is well known that a minimum error quantum measurement for arbitrary binary optical coherent states can be realized by a receiver that comprises interfering with a coherent reference light, photon counting, and feedback control. We show that, for ternary optical coherent states, a minimum error measurement cannot always be realized by such a receiver. The problem of finding an upper bound on the maximum success probability of such a receiver can be formulated as a convex programming. We derive its dual problem and numerically find the upper bound. At least for ternary phase-shift keyed coherent states, this bound does not reach that of a minimum error measurement.


Rapid fluctuations in water level are a common occurrence in many Florida waterbodies. While responses to fluctuating hydrology have been examined for many emergent invasive plant species, the influence these responses may have on herbicide efficacy is not well understood. Uruguay water primrose [ Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, Gu, & Raven] is an aggressive, emergent species that is difficult to control due to its immense creeping stem biomass. Given the difficulty in management, our objective was to determine how changes in hydrology can influence its control using herbicides. Mesocosm studies were conducted in 2017 to examine efficacy of a single herbicide treatment (imazamox plus carfentrazone) in relation to varying initial and final water depth. Mesocosms were either maintained at 20 or 40 cm inundation throughout the experiment, or were subjected to a change in water level following herbicide treatment (mesocosms were either flooded from 20 to 40 cm, or underwent a drawdown from 40 to 20 cm). We found that herbicide effectiveness increased for plants that were subjected to a low initial water depth followed by an increase in water levels after herbicide treatment. Shoot biomass above the waterline regrew to levels that were similar to the nontreated control when water depths were consistently low, consistently high, or fluctuated from high to low following herbicide treatment. These results indicate that changing water depth influences Uruguay water primrose control and that the pattern of change contributes to this. Aquatic managers may optimize control with late spring treatments when water is low just before the onset of the rainy season.


Studies were carried out on the biology and ecology of Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodk.), under field conditions on peach trees in Shebin El‐Kom, Egypt. The aphid developed through 18 overlapping parthenogenetic generations (anholocyclic species) throughout the whole year. The reproductive, pre‐ and post‐reproductive periods, fecundity and longevity were determined. There were two annual peaks in the proportion of alatae viviparae in the population, the major one at the end of April and May, and the another one at the end of October. However, these alatae spread the infestation.


Four different extraction methods, solvent extraction, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction, were used to extract oil from Macadamia integrifolia, which also named Macadamia nut oil. Fatty acid compositions of Macadamia nut oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the highest extraction rate was 74.63% via Soxhlet extraction, while supercritical CO2 extraction was 70.53%, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction was 57.19% and Solvent extraction was 50.37%. Six unsaturated fatty acids, including Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid, E-11-Hexadecenoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, E-9-Octadecenoic acid and 9-eicosenoate, were identified in the oil by GC-MS.The relative extraction rate of unsaturated fatty acids were 36.53%, 44.21%, 60.62%, 56.81%, respectively. Though the extraction rate was the highest via Soxhlet extraction, the relative content of Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid were both higher extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction than Soxhlet extraction, which were 15.38% and 1.55%,. As supercritical CO2 extraction has no solvent residual problem, it would be the trend of the development inSubscript text the future to extract Macadamia nut oil.


The main results of this thesis are the following. We show that for each alpha > 0 every sufficiently large oriented graph G with minimum indegree and minimum outdegree at least 3 |G| / 8 + alpha |G| contains a Hamilton cycle. This gives an approximate solution to a problem of Thomassen. Furthermore, answering completely a conjecture of Haggkvist and Thomason, we show that we get every possible orientation of a Hamilton cycle. We also deal extensively with short cycles, showing that for each l > 4 every sufficiently large oriented graph G with minimum indegree and minimum outdegree at least |G| / 3 + 1 contains an l-cycle. This is best possible for all those l > 3 which are not divisible by 3. Surprisingly, for some other values of l, an l-cycle is forced by a much weaker minimum degree condition. We propose and discuss a conjecture regarding the precise minimum degree which forces an l-cycle (with l > 3 divisible by 3) in an oriented graph. We also give an application of our results to pancyclicity.


Why exactly racial profiling is wrong can be articulated in a number of ways. Some criticisms of racial profiling claim that it simply does not work. Against the defense of racial profiling as a rational way to focus limited law enforcement resources based on statistical data that purportedly links race and criminal offending, these critics empirically demonstrate both that the use of race as a proxy for criminality has a poor track record in producing evidence of criminal wrongdoing and that skepticism regarding its contributions to crime prevention is warranted.1 Others focus on the harmful effects of racial profiling, such as imposing psychological trauma on the profiled individual, increasing contacts of profiled groups with the criminal justice system, reducing the profiled group's personal mobility, increasing tensions between police and profiled communities, undermining the perceived legitimacy of the legal system, and other collateral costs of these more direct consequences.2 Lastly, others argue that racial profiling is not merely wrong because of these consequentialist failings, but also because it violates basic constitutional rights, such as the right to be protected against unreasonable searches and seizures and the right to equal protection of the law.3


The Exhibition of 1938, held in honour of the bimillenary of the birth of Augustus ('Mostra Augustea della Romanità'), magnificent though it was, represented only one phase in a continuous scheme for displaying by means of monuments the full extent of the Roman dominion—its origin, growth, development and the abiding effect of its culture on the modern world. Hardly has it closed but a grandiose scheme is shaping rapidly for reconstructing it on a vast and permanent basis. This new 'Mostra' will form part of the International Exhibition of the year 1942— the 'E. 42', as it is already commonly called—a large model of which has now been set up in a pavilion outside the Exhibition grounds together with numerous plans and views of details.


....................................................................................................................................... I DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................... II DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................. III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ IV LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................... V TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ VI CHAPTER ONE .................................................................................................................................


In this paper four different Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are proposed to solve the QoS-aware Web Services Composition (QWSC) problem in six different search-space sizes and a realistic deadline (a point not covered in many related works). The results obtained are compared with some results from an Exhaustive Search (ES) algorithm that always guarantees the global optima. Differently from some related works, statistical techniques are adopted in this paper in order to ensure more precise results from the four GAs. The results obtained showed that the design of experiments and the performance evaluation can be used to determine which genetic operators are better suited for the QWSC problem.


In this chapter, analyses for the performance metrics that define the quality of service (QoS) of SIP-based VoIP will be introduced. SIP-based VoIP applications over Direct Mode of Operation (DMO), which behaves in a way similar to Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) systems, have three main performance categories related to the QoS. These categories are the SIP signaling, voice data transmission, and MANET routing. The SIP signaling controls the VoIP calls initiation, termination, and modifications. The major QoS parameters of VoIP that are managed by SIP signaling are the registration intervals, call setup time, and call termination time. These QoS parameters are increased in MANET due to the nodes' mobility that affects the routing calculations and the connectivity status. These necessitate mechanisms to reduce the delays in the MANET environment. The voice packets are transferred over the Real Time Protocol (RTP) which is encapsulated in the unreliable transport protocol using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).


Nowadays, problems related to synchronization of self-oscillations in distributed self-oscillatory systems of an electronic nature have become of urgent interest from different points of view. Analysis of these problems is important from both the standpoint of fundamental studies of synchronization phenomena and the applied aspects of developing microwave generators with controlled characteristics (frequency, output power, phase) of the output radiation. In [1‐3], nonautonomous phenomena in certain reference distributed models of microwave electronics and nonlinear oscillation theory and wave theory were analyzed. We imply an electron beam carrying a supercritical electric current or an electron beam with a backward (counterpropagating) wave in cyclotron-resonance conditions [3]. Presently, such a system (a laser based on the cyclotron resonance with a counterpropagating wave) is being intensely investigated as a promising easily adjustable powerful radiation source in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges [4]. In the present paper, we analyze the transient period of a synchronization regime (i.e., the duration of the transient process) in a distributed system as a function of the phase of an external synchronizing signal. The feasibility of the ultra-fast synchronization of selfoscillations, which proceeds at the optimal phase of an external electromagnetic field, is also shown.


This work presents a new method for unsupervised thermal image classification and semantic segmentation by transferring knowledge from the RGB domain using a multi-domain attention network. Our method does not require any thermal annotations or co-registered RGB-thermal pairs, enabling robots to perform visual tasks at night and in adverse weather conditions without incurring additional costs of data labeling and registration. Current unsupervised domain adaptation methods look to align global images or features across domains. However, when the domain shift is significantly larger for cross-modal data, not all features can be transferred. We solve this problem by using a shared backbone network that promotes generalization, and domain-specific attention that reduces negative transfer by attending to domain-invariant and easily-transferable features. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art RGB-to-thermal adaptation method in classification benchmarks, and is successfully applied to thermal river scene segmentation using only synthetic RGB images. Our code is made publicly available at https://github.com/ganlumomo/thermal-uda-attention.


Purpose of the study: To find a Zakat fund management scheme based on sharia banking for sustainable mustahiq empowerment.
Methodology: This research is qualitative research using grounded theory method.
Main Findings: Zakat funds collected are used as collaterals for deposits for the development of mustahiq businesses. The profit sharing ratio from the deposits will reduce the mustahiq installment expense. While deposit guarantees will make mustahik get financing easily from Islamic banking.
Applications of this study: The research findings can be used in studies on productive zakat, philanthropic studies and the development of Islamic banking.
Novelty/ Originality of this study: With this model, mustahik which is not bankable will receive financing for business development. On the other hand, mustahik will get payments in installments so that it will ease the burden.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of expressions of alpha-methylacyl-coA racemase(P504S),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and tumor microvessel density(MVD)in patients with renal cell carcinoma(RCC).Methods Immunohistochemical labeled dextran polymer(LDP)was used to detect the expression of P504S,VEGF and MVD in 67cases of RCC and in 10cases of normal renal tissue.Results The expression of P504Sin RCC was positively correlated to the expression of VEGF and the tumor MVD;expressions of P504S,VEGF and MVD were all dramatically related to the tumor pathologic grade,the clinical stage,distant metastasis and prognosis(P0.01).Conclusion It suggests that P504S,VEGF and MVD might play a role in the biological behavior of RCC and might serve as an important indicator of malignancy,distant metastasis and prognosis of RCC.