Significant political pressures apply to determinations for release of persons from involuntary psychiatric detention who suffer personality disorders rather than traditionally acknowledged psychiatric illnesses, and who have previously been responsible for significant criminal offences. Such debates are current in the United Kingdom; they generated considerable community controversy in Victoria, Australia, in relation to Garry David in the early 1990s; and they have been raised starkly by the Mental Health Review Tribunal, High Court and Court of Appeal decisions in New Zealand in relation to RCH. This article analyses the RCH controversy and explores the circumstances in New Zealand in which persons who are not mentally disordered can be involuntarily detained where they are clinically considered to pose a threat to the safety of the general community if released from civil commitment status.


BACKGROUND
Chronic back pain (CBP) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is twice as high among age-and-gender-matched controls. The presence of both conditions impacts negatively on both quality of life and physical function, which might negatively affect mood.

METHODS
We aimed to determine the prevalence of CBP among patients with T2DM by using the Lattinen Index (LI) and to assess whether the presence of CBP had any influence on clinical or psychological outcomes.

RESULTS
13.5% out of 299 patients had significant CBP. The percentage of patients with less than 150 minutes per 1 week of exercise was higher in the group of patients with significant CBP (70% vs 51.4%; p= 0.04). The proportion of patients who met criteria for food addiction was greater among subjects with CBP (47.5% vs 26.6%; p=0.009). The percentage of patients with criteria for depression was higher among the CBP group (82.5% vs 29.7%; p<0.0001), as well as the prescription of antidepressants (45% vs 17.4%; p<0.0001). However, no significant differences were seen regarding glycemic control or the frequency of complications related to T2DM.

CONCLUSIONS
CBP is prevalent among subjects with T2DM and it constitutes an important limiting factor of both self-care behaviors and psychological well-being.


In this paper, a set of indoor temperature monitoring system is designed by using computer communication, database, sensor technology, etc., and the effective monitoring of temperature and humidity in the computer room is realized. The design is based on the arduino development board, the dht11 temperature and humidity sensor ESP8266WiFi module and the remote monitoring system. The temperature and humidity module is used to detect whether the temperature of the computer room exceeds the normal standard. If it exceeds the standard, the fan is automatically turned on to dissipate heat. The temperature and humidity are transmitted to the designated server through the wifi module, and are detected in real time through the monitoring system. The sensitivity of the temperature and humidity sensor can be flexibly adjusted according to the environment of the computer room. With the help of the Internet of Things sensor network and 5G network, the transmission is convenient, so as to solve some drawbacks in the current temperature monitoring. The user-friendly operating system interface provides managers with real-time, accurate and effective indoor environmental data, early warning and self-processing functions, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the computer room.


Principally, for establishing of the independent country must have some requirementssuch as: the definitive area, the definitive people or community, a sovereign government; thesethree conditions is a unity that can not be divided. Getting Indonesian citizen through anapplication must satisfy the conditions under Article 9 of Act Number. 12 / 2006 about TheRepublic of Indonesia Citizenship, the other hand Indonesian Citizenship obtained by giving thestate specified in Article 20 of The Act Number12 / 2006. Correlation of law between citizenshipgetting by citizenship application with citizenship, which it is getting by giving the state is inArticle 9 point d and also explanation of Article 20 The Act Number 12 / 2006 about TheIndonesia Republic Citizenship. The main law issue of the correlation is related to the terms ofcitizenship based on giving the state and the meaning of one of the terms, i.e the greatachievment, which it is the terms to get the citizhen of The Indonesia Republic by getting of thestate.


Sanofi hosted their annual specialist diabetes meeting in cape Town in November 2012. Pieter Taljaard of Sanofi opened the meeting with a brief address, raising the concern that the number of diabetes patients in South Africa is increasing annually by 18 000. Sanofi are committed to treatment and innovation in the management of types 1 and 2 diabetes in both the public and private sectors. It is increasingly accepted that the long-term outcomes of chronic illness are significantly improved when healthcare is managed with a team approach. The patient is integral to the team, with healthcare workers providing the support system that caters to the patient's specific circumstances. Guidelines should serve to assist the clinician in tailoring a suitable response that considers the unique combination of circumstances any patient may have. Individualisation of patient care is paramount, not only in terms of pharmaceutical therapies but also in the allied field of psychosocial support, which encourages lifestyle alterations and therapeutic adherence. examining the players implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2Dm), De Fronzo's 'ominous octet' was often referred to during the Sanofi meeting. The implications of De Fronzo's review for T2Dm therapy are that treatment will require multiple combinations of agents to correct multiple pathophysiological defects, based on known pathogenic abnormalities in the individual rather than simple reduction in HbA1c levels. Treatment must also be started early in the natural history of T2Dm if β-cell failure is to be prevented (Fig. 1).


John Farrenkopf has written a comprehensive study of the historical vision of Oswald Spenger, one of the twentieth century's most provocative philosophers of history. With verve and confidence, he places Spengler's work in the larger context of his personal and intellectual development in the era of Germany's turbulent transition from the Wilhelmine Empire to the Third Reich, via the Weimar Republic in which Spengler first won fame. Farrenkopf provides interpretative orientation with a recapitulation of the main tenets of Spengler's The Decline of the West (1918-22), the enormously popular work that made him an intellectual celebrity in Germany during the interwar years. It has been interpreted many times before (notably in the fine study by H. Stuart Hughes in 1952), but Farrenkopf s explication is useful for its evocation once more of the mix of anxiety, sympathy, and admiration it kindled among his readers. Borrowing a perspective embedded in nineteenth-century German historicism, Spengler elaborated an overarching interpretation of the rise and fall of autonomous civilizations over the course of human history. For Spengler, the history of a civilization is cyclical in a manner akin to an organic process, is driven by an ineffable Zeitgeist, and inevitably perishes in the entropic dwindling of its energies. Spengler, Farrenkopf explains, offered a tragic conception of history that challenged the naive optimism of the Enlightenment's forecast of historical progress toward a happier future. Farrenkopf presents the younger Spengler as a realist awakening his readers to the impending crisis of the West. At this juncture, Farrenkopf explains, Spengler still accorded humankind a measure of freedom in shaping its destiny. While the long-range decline of modern Western civilization was inevitable, humankind still possessed some latitude in charting its course.


The small brown alga Streblonema oligosporum Stromfelt (Ectocarpaceae, Ectocarpales) is reported for the first time in Britain growing on a toxic test panel in Langstone Harbour, south coast of England. An account of the vegetative and reproductive features of the plant is given along with its life history in laboratory culture.


It felt like time had stopped. My heart was pounding. A bead of sweat rolled down my face. My arms were shaking. I looked up to the bright yellow plastic rock climbing hold on the wall above me. This was the one I was supposed to reach for. There it was: right in front of me. Right there. But I would have to let go of where I was—comfortably steady with all appendages firmly placed on other holds—to reach up and grab it. I could not move.


Objective: In a driving simulator, a backwards counting task, a simple steering task, and a fully autonomous driving task were applied to study the independent effects of cognitive load, visual-cognitive-manual load, and optic flow on visual detection response task (vDRT) performance. The study was designed to increase the understanding of the processes underlying vDRT effects. Background: The tunnel vision effect induced by a "steering while driving" task found in a previous study was investigated further in this experiment. Method: Stimulus eccentricity and conspicuity were applied as within-subjects factors. Results: Cognitive load, visual-cognitive-manual load, and optic flow all resulted in increased vDRT response time (RT). Cognitive load and visual-cognitive-manual load both increased RT but revealed no interaction of task by stimulus eccentricity. However, optic flow resulted in a task by stimulus eccentricity interaction on vDRT RT that was evidence of a tunnel vision effect. Conclusion: The results suggested that optic flow may be a factor responsible for tunnel vision while driving, although this does not support the tunnel vision model because it is unrelated to workload. However, the results supported the general interference model for cognitive workload. Application: The results have implications for the diagnosticity of the vDRT. During driving tasks, tunnel vision effects may occur as a result of optic flow, and these effects are unrelated to workload.


In the present thesis, the application of fracture mechanics in design and assessment of steel structures has been studied.The first case study concerns a ring-flange connection used in wind turbin ...


Assists students with finding and using advanced sources in biology, biodiversity and environmental issues research. What is this guide for, and how to get more help.


The construction and development of theme parks in China are in the ascendant,and great achievements have been scored in the past twenty years.At present,China's theme parks are confronting serve challenges with Disney World,the giant of theme park in the world,who has entered Chinese market.This paper,from the perspective of marketing modes of theme parks,has compared the theme parks in USA with those in China,and pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of the marketing modes of theme parks in China,which aims at providing some reference for the operation and development of theme parks in China.


Type of funding sources: None.

 It is estimated that 5-15% of patients admitted with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have no significant lesions on coronary angiography (>50%), an entity called MINOCA.

 To identify predictors of non-significant coronary lesions in patients admitted with AMI

 Based on a multicenter retrospective study, data collected from admissions between 2013 and 2020. Patients (pts) without data on cardiovascular history or uncompleted clinical data were excluded. Pts were divided in 2 groups (G): GA – pts with significant coronary lesions; GB - pts with non-significant coronary lesions.

 MINOCA occurred in 1561 (20.6%) out of 6029 pts with AMI. There were no differences between G regarding age (p=0.745). GB pts were more frequently females (35.9% vs 24.9%, p<0.001), had lower rates of smoking habits (21.9% vs 26.9%, p<0.001), arterial hypertension (70.7% vs 73.4%, p=0.036), diabetes (31.1% vs 36.7%, p<0.001), past history of MI (13.9% vs 23.5%, p<0.001) and past history of stroke (5.0% vs 7.5%, p=0.002). There were no differences between G regarding symptoms at admission (p=0.359). At admission, GB had lower mean heart rate (76±18 vs 78±19, p=0.037), lower systolic arterial pressure (141±25 vs 144±28, p<0.001), lower rates of KK>1 (10% vs 12.2%, p=0.037), higher rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) (8.8% vs 6.8%, p=0.026), higher rates of normal ST-T segment (50.9% vs 29.6%, p<0.001), and lower BNP levels (99±36.9 vs 157±64, p<0.001). During hospitalization, GB pts used less diuretics (18.1% vs 26.1%, p<0.001) and inotropes (0.5% vs 1.8%, p=0.007). GB had a lower prevalence of left ventricle dysfunction (<50%) (20.4% vs 29.3%, p<0.001), and less need of mechanical ventilation (0.1% vs 1.0%, p<0.001), non-invasive ventilation (0.1% vs 1.6%, p<0.001) and provisory pacing (0.1% vs 0.5%, p=0.011).
 Logistic regression confirmed that being a female (p<0.001, OR 2.7), a non-smoker (p=0.002, OR 1.4), a non-diabetic (p=0.001, OR 1.45), AF (p=0.001, OR 1.8), normal QRS (p<0.001, OR 1.9) and normal LV function (p=0.009. OR 1.5) were predictors of MINOCA.
 The G were similar regarding in-hospital MACE outcomes (in-hospital death, stroke or MI) (p=0.658) and 1 year outcomes, namely 1 year mortality (p=0.709) and readmission of cardiovascular causa (p=0.290).

 Several clinical factor may help us predicting which patients will have a coronary angiography without significant lesions. However, the absence of significant lesions is not predictive of better in-hospital and 1 year prognosis.


On July 20, 1989, the Center for National Security Studies (CNSS) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory held a workshop on The Soviet Union: Political and Military Trends.'' The morning session was devoted to a discussion of the magnitude of the problems confronting the Soviet Union, the political and economic reforms designed to address those problems, and the repercussions of those reforms on Soviet foreign policy and defense spending. In the afternoon session, the Soviet view of the changing character of warfare, the technologies and force structures that the Soviets might develop and deploy to anticipate the battlefield of the future, and the role that conventional arms control might play in Soviet political and military strategy were examined.


This paper presents a fuzzy interactive approach to find the optimal location of Optimal Unified Power Flow Controller (OUPFC) device as a multi-objective optimization problem. The problem formulation is based on Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem while the metric function and weighting method are added to ensure the collaboration among objective functions. The objective functions are the total fuel cost, power losses and system loadability with and without minimum cost of OUPFC installation. The proposed algorithm is implemented on IEEE 14-, and 118-bus systems. The solution procedure uses nonlinear programming with discontinuous derivatives (DNLP) to solve the optimal location and settings of OUPFC device to enable power system dispatcher to improve the power system operation. The optimization problem is modeled in General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) software using CONOPT solver. Furthermore, the results obtained by OUPFC are compared to that of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) device. The OUPFC is outperformed by UPFC in the power system operation from economic and technical point of view.


The characteristics of high-frequency and high-speed for high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor have led to great difficulties for control. The starting and setting is complicated and losing synchronous easily. The current harmonics for the high-speed motor power supply is larger. The high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) fuzzy-PID controller is proposed in this paper combined with special converter which can not only meet the requirements of real-time, but also easily to realize on hardware. At the same time, the method which can accurately detect the actual position of the rotor is studied and the feasibility of the method is examined. Simulation is carried out for the high-speed PMSM control system which has provided the basis for the realization of closed-loop control.


After several decades of struggle, small-bowel transplantation (SBT) is finally emerging into clinical practice as a true therapeutic option for patients with irreversible intestinal failure or short-bowel syndrome (1–11). The evolution of the modern potent immunosuppressants cyclosporin A and, especially, tacrolimus has enabled more consistent survival of intestinal grafts and their recipients. By February 1997, 273 intestinal transplantations had been performed among 33 programs (3). However, even with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression recipient and graft survival remains as low as about 40% at 3 years (3). In general, recipients of isolated intestinal grafts appear to fare better than those receiving composite visceral grafts (3, 6, 7, 9). Despite recent advances in pharmacologic immunosuppression SBT may be still considered an experimental procedure and is hampered by frequent graft rejection (1–13). It has been estimated that 10%–50% of patients with irreversible intestinal failure, or 1 to 2 patients per 1,000,000 people per year, could benefit from small-bowel transplantation (14–16). The process of SBT disturbs intestinal physiology in various ways. Anatomic changes include transection of the intestinal wall along with intrinsic neurons, complete extrinsic autonomic denervation, and the disruption of lymphatic drainage. A requisite ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) causes at least transient mucosal injury and may damage other structures and functions more permanently (13, 17, 18). Acute and chronic graft rejection and immunosuppressive therapy further compromise the transplanted gut function. However, most available clinical and experimental studies indicate that defects in absorptive function occur even in nonrejecting small-intestinal grafts (1, 2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 18). Thus, unlike the situation with most solid organ transplants, the transplantation procedure per se appears to interfere seriously with the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, a factor that has possibly contributed to the limited clinical success so far. This review addresses changes in gastrointestinal physiology after SBT. Because available studies are mostly experimental, the theme is approached by first outlining different surgical techniques and models used in experimental SBT studies. The literature is systematically reviewed with special reference to large-animal studies specifically designed to investigate changes in enteric physiology after SBT. Importantly, many of these studies exploit models of jejunoileal autotransplantation aimed at distinguishing the effects of the transplantation procedure per se from those of immunologic graft damage and immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, models of small-bowel autotransplantation (SBAT) seek to identify changes in the graft physiology which are exclusive of the confounding effects of pharmacologic immunosuppression, graft rejection, and graft-versus-host reaction. Information from SBAT studies is highly relevant, because under ideal immune conditions allografts should behave as autografts. Discussion about therapeutic options for the improvement of small-intestinal graft function is also included. Areas of consensus and controversy are highlighted, to indicate grounds for fruitful future research in tackling the ongoing burdensome challenge of intestinal transplantation.


DaviPlata is a totally free e-wallet designed to manage the money in any Colombian cellphone. It is a product through which financial inclusion population can access banking without forms or bank accounts. DaviPlata is a product of Davivienda with which you can make 4 transactions: Pass money to other DaviPlata (Pass Money) Making payments of public and private services (Make Payments) Withdraw money from electronic ATMs or DaviPlata Points (Withdraw money) and Prepaid Recharge operators Claro, Tigo and Uff. This research project was based on designing marketing tactics for each transaction to increase the transactional rate business to generate income to DaviPlata, for being an innovative new product is not yet known for all Colombians.


Objective:To establish a fast identification method for the determination of L-ascorbic acid in Vitamin C Yinqiao pian by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS).Methods:According to the characteric peaks of ascorbic acid in the spectrum band of NIR and the results of HPLC,the qualitative model was set up by OPUS software.Results:The near-infrared spectroscopy technology could be used to identificate whether Vitamin C Yinqiao pian contained L-ascorbic acid or not.Conclusion:The results show that the proposed method can be applied for fast detection of L-ascorbic acid and its isomer in the Vitamin C Yinqiao pian.


In this paper, we propose a technique for making humans in photographs protrude like reliefs. Unlike previous methods which mostly focus on the face and head, our method aims to generate art works that describe the whole body activity of the character. One challenge is that there is no ground-truth for supervised deep learning. We introduce a sigmoid variant function to manipulate gradients tactfully and train our neural networks by equipping with a loss function defined in gradient domain. The second challenge is that actual photographs often across different light conditions. We used image-based rendering technique to address this challenge and acquire rendering images and depth data under different lighting conditions. To make a clear division of labor in network modules, a two-scale architecture is proposed to create high-quality relief from a single photograph. Extensive experimental results on a variety of scenes show that our method is a highly effective solution for generating digital 2.5D artwork from photographs.


Summary:  Purpose: To determine potential changes in total and unbound serum valproic acid (VPA) concentrations at steady‐state during a cycle of intake of combined hormonal contraceptive (HC) steroids.


In modern software engineering, software reverse engineering is the first step of software maintenance, software reengineering, software reuse and software restructure It actually is a design recovery and knowledge abstracting process The differences between object oriented language and procedural language demand other reverse engineering techniques In this paper, the design knowledge in object oriented design and the software reverse engineering process are thoroughly analyzed According to the analysis result, the contents of object oriented software reverse engineering are summarized and a classification method about its techniques is proposed Then, the representative techniques, tools and research directions in this area are surveyed Finally, further research directions of general interest on this topic are proposed


Bactericidal properties of aqueous dispersions of oxide silver nanostructures (ADSN) produced by means of pulsed electric discharges (PED) in water can use in surgery for treatment of upper purulent wounds with a chronic component. The patients with such wounds are of large number and differ on etiology of diseases but their mutual feature is long treatment without marked positive changes. Thus long application of antibiotics leads to abnormality of immune processes and antibacterial resistance of microbial flora. Moreover, local antiseptics are frequently toxic and one can oppress processes of reparation in a wound. The investigation is addressed to finding out the opportunity of usage of an ADSN for treatment of purulent wounds with a chronic component and comparison of its efficiency with the sodium hypochlorite. At investigation, the ADSN formed at PED of 5 – 10 μs duration, with highest share of "small" (hydrodynamic diameter ≤ 100 nm) nanostructures and greatest surface electric charge we used. It was found that the usage of ADSN during the first 5 days characterized by high active reparative processes with their maximum at 3rd – 4th days and subsequent moderate further healing. At local use of ADSN, there were no cellular atypia and preternatural representations about inflammatory reactions. It is possible to assume that usage of ADSN will allow in prospect to correct the practice of out-patient therapy of chronic and slow pyoinflammatory diseases.


In the exploration of synthesis and chemistry of isoxazoles, we found that the reaction of aromatic nitrile oxides with the Quinone derivatives produced isoxazolo-1,4-quinones is of considerable biological interest. The reductive cleavage of the N 0 bond gave arylimidoyl-3hydroxy-1,4-quinones.


—This project allows the user to identify the dupli- cation of files in the cloud. When a user uploads a file, the software implemented on the system will ask the user for checking duplication. If the file already exists, which will be shared with the user's cloud storage by making a secure side channel. So no need to upload the file to the cloud and it will save them time and space. But there is a security vulnerability in the user file. We use two methods for finding duplication. One is ZEUS, other is ZEUS+.In Zeus, if duplication found the file from the cloud (file of any other)will be shared (side-channel created) without asking permission. So it makes the cloud insecure. Zeus+ creates a side channel with the authentication of the particular user who uploaded the file earlier.


Abstract This paper identifies significant developments in the provision of bibliographic and factual data to the remote sensingcommunity. During the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in the number and type of information sources that may be accessed online. Apart from purely bibliographic sources, full text document retrieval services that outline news, legislation, space policies and commercialization are now available. In addition, information on technical parameters, components and availability of remotely-sensed imagery can be obtained. There is, however, an imbalance in online accessibility between developed and developing countries.


Of the more than 20 sharp characteristic emission and absorption lines observed in the edge emission and absorption spectra of ZnO platelets, several typical lines have been examined in detail experimentally at low temperatures (\ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K). Zeeman effects, in magnetic fields up to 45 000 G, have been studied in singlets as well as zero-field-split doublets. In particular, the magnetic splitting of ${I}_{9}$ (an emission line appearing at 3692.64 \AA{}) has been studied as a function of magnetic field orientation (angular orientation of $c$ axis with respect to field direction). In accordance with the Thomas-Hopfield theory, arguments have been presented for the association of ${I}_{9}$ with a bound-exciton complex; this line has been observed to split linearly as a function of field strength, and an isotropic electron $g$ value of -1.93 has been determined at $C\ensuremath{\perp}\mathrm{H}$. The line ${I}_{9}$ is further characterized by an anisotropic hole $g$ value which has been determined to be -1.24 at $C\ensuremath{\parallel}\mathrm{H}$. A zero-field-split fluorescent doublet, ${I}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{I}_{3}$ (3680.63, 3681.59 \AA{}), which splits nonlinearly as a function of field strength, has been studied as a function of field orientation. The ${I}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{I}_{3}$ doublet has been attributed to an ionized exciton complex, and effective electron and hole $g$ values have been determined. Electron $g$ values are isotropic and essentially the same for all of the lines (about -1.95), while the hole $g$ value is not only anisotropic for each line, but also assumes different values in the different complexes (lines), indicating that the hole is sensitive to its state of binding in the exciton complex.


Fuzzy qualifiers have been used a lot in communication.A qualified language user should be able to use hedges appropriately.This paper first gives a brief introduction of the definition of fuzzy qualifiers and their pragmatic classification,then makes a preliminary study of the pragmatic functions of hedges in communication.


Background: Cigarette smoking is on the increase among youths, especially in developing countries, and is a leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. Youths incorrectly perceive that cigarette smoking is less risky than other behaviors such as alcohol consumption and drug use. The purpose of this study is to assess the determinants of cigarette smoking among youths in Napier market, Jinja city Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design employing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection was employed. 30 respondents were selected using a convenient non-probability sampling method and data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Regarding knowledge of the dangers of cigarette smoking Majority of the respondents had heard about the dangers of cigarette smoking (80%). Commonly mentioned dangers of cigarette smoking included lung cancer (70%), mouth cancer (36%), heart diseases (30%), hypertension (32%), and stroke (22%). Sources of information were radios (64%) and peers (17%). Of the 57% of the respondents that were willing to quit, 74% did not know the exact time at which they hoped to quit cigarette smoking Conclusion: Respondents' related factors associated with smoking were lack of employment (66%) noninvolvement in religious activities (66%) negative life experiences (63%), having a smoking friend (43%), and having smoking parents (36%) Recommendation: Although the majority of respondents had heard about the dangers of cigarette smoking, the majority scored below average on common dangers of cigarette smoking and the majority were not sure of when to quit the smoking habit, therefore there is an urgent need to create awareness about the specific dangers associated with cigarette smoking, the transient nature of its perceived benefits and the fact that the risks associated with smoking are severe.


Using a 3 He cryostat, the flow stress increment Δτ sn associated with superconducting-normal transition has been investigated in the temperature range between 0.5 K and T c (1.183 K) for Al single...


Abstract When developing effective training programs, it is important to know students' expectations of laboratory classes. The authors collected 170 surveys from students in one laboratory class to investigate the underlying dimensions of their expectations of training. Factor analysis identified the following six dimensions of students' expectations: climate, courtesy, credibility, entertainment, relevance, and structure. These dimensions of training expectations were used to cluster students into two groups: serious and enthusiastic. Thereafter, these two clusters were compared using chi-square tests to determine whether there were statistical differences among them. The findings suggest instructors should consider students expectations to improve students' learning from laboratory classes.


In this phase 2 multicenter study (NCT01816971), we evaluated incorporation of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) into a carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) regimen for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). Transplant-eligible patients with NDMM received 4 cycles of KRd induction, ASCT, 4 cycles of KRd consolidation, and 10 cycles of KRd maintenance. The primary endpoint was rate of stringent complete response (sCR) after 8 cycles of KRd with a predefined threshold of ≥50% to support further study. Seventy-six patients were enrolled. Median age was 59 years (range 40-76), and 35.5% had high-risk cytogenetics. The primary endpoint was met, with an sCR rate of 60% after 8 cycles. Depth of response improved over time. On intent-to-treat (ITT), the sCR rate reached 76%. The MRD-negative rate using modified ITT was 70% by next generation sequencing (<10-5 sensitivity). After median follow-up of 56 months, 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 72% and 84% for ITT, 85% and 91% for MRD-negative patients, and 57% and 72% for patients with high-risk cytogenetics; for high-risk patients who were MRD negative, 5-year rates were 77% and 81%. Grade 3/4 adverse events included neutropenia (34%), lymphopenia (32%), infection (22%), and cardiac events (3%). There was no grade 3/4 peripheral neuropathy. Patients with NDMM treated with KRd with ASCT achieved high rates of sCR and MRD-negative disease at the end of KRd consolidation. Extended KRd maintenance post-consolidation contributed to deepening of responses and likely to prolonged PFS and OS. Safety and tolerability were manageable.


The principle aim of the research was to overcome the challenges faced by modern geophysical data analysts, particularly those working with large multivariate datasets using Self Organising Maps (SOM). SOM is an unsupervised learning technique for multivariate data, which works by taking multiple geophysical datasets for an area of interest, and integrating them to illustrate trends. Once developed, our method drastically lowered the time required for an analyst to examine and identify trends and relations across a broad range of geophysical, geochemical and other data layers. It also revealed hidden relations and distinct populations within correlated layers. Our study shows that SOM continues to be a powerful tool in accelerating the interpretation process. This includes the separation of features into distinct geological units, even without any preliminary map inputs to the SOM process. It also highlights SOM's ability to highlight variation in cover, which has been identified as a key aspect moving forward in Australia's mining future, when considering the vast expanses of Australia covered in sub cropping rock. In the future as data continue to grow and overlap, SOM will play an important role in highlighting these relations in soil cover and outcrop geology.


We present a combined theoretical and experimental analysis of the optical properties of m-plane InGaN/GaN quantum wells. The sample was studied by photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy at low temperature. The spectra show a large Stokes shift between the lowest exciton peak in the excitation spectra and the peak of the photoluminescence spectrum. This behavior is indicative of strong carrier localization effects. These experimental results are complemented by tight-binding calculations, accounting for random alloy fluctuations and Coulomb effects. The theoretical data explain the main features of the experimental spectra. Moreover, by comparison with calculations based on a virtual crystal approximation, the importance of carrier localization effects due to random alloy fluctuations is explicitly shown.


This paper presents a high-power dual-module parallel charging system which consists of a power converter and digital control software. The power converter consists of an active power factor correction (APFC) circuit and a resonant voltage fed full-bridge converter (RVFFBC). The APFC circuit is used for AC/ DC conversion and power factor correction for improved power quality. The RVFFBC is used to provide stable power for charging the battery by converting the high voltage of the power stage to a lower value. The system software was designed by combining the power control loop into a voltage and current loop to achieve current sharing of the dual-module charging system and to overcome the effect of differences in hardware components. Finally, this paper demonstrates the implementation of a high-power dual-module charging system with a widely varying AC input voltage ranging from 85 ~ 265 Vac. Experimental results verified that the maximum power factor of the system and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) were 0.99 and 2.8% respectively. The proposed charging system possesses very high expansibility. The parallel dual-module output DC current of the system is 70 A and the total output power is 4 kW.


ABSTRACT Objective This study investigated the performance on, and correlates of, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised (BVMT–R) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Participants included 100 patients with TBI and 100 demographically matched controls. We first used regression analysis to determine predictors of BVMT–R performance in the clinical group. We then used analysis of variance as well as logistic regression to determine how BVMT–R findings differed between the clinical and control groups. Results Injury severity and visuospatial ability both contributed to the prediction of BVMT–R Total Recall and Delayed Recall scores in the TBI group. Mean differences between the TBI and control groups on these variables were statistically significant, but overall individual classification accuracy was limited at 59%. Conclusions The BVMT–R has some clinical utility in the evaluation of patients with TBI but should not be used in isolation.


Wireless sensor networks are different from traditional networks,so traditional secure routing protocols cannot be applied efficiently to them.Therefore,secure routing issues become emergent in wireless sensor networks.To the problems of threat to routing security and limited energy of the nodes in wireless sensor networks,present a new routing protocol named R-GEAR.This protocol is based on GEAR and reputation evaluation mechanisms are added to GEAR to detect attacking nodes;Moreover,improved GEAR in the energy consumption aspect through data aggregation.The simulation result shows that R-GEAR protocol has higher packet delivery ratio and lower packet drop ratio than GEAR protocol while attacking nodes exist.


The Carboniferous strata Huanglong Formation in Northeast Sichuan are one of the most important carbonate reservoirs in this area,on the basis of comprehensively analyzing and studying the reservoiring geological conditions of Wenquanxi gas field,such as the characteristics of the generation,expelling,migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons,and the trap feature,it was considered that the formation and enrichment of the Carboniferous reservoir in West Wenquanjing are actually controlled by multiple factors,such as sedimentary facies,Successive development of large polaeo highs,migration pathway,the consistency of the times of the regional hydrocarbon migration and trap formation,the development degree of Carboniferous reservoirs.Butt and limb of high-steep anticlinal and buried anticlinal are predicted as the major enrichment zones and it is suggested that we should take the favourable reservoir zones and large-scale,successive uplift blocks as the important area in the oil-gas exploration in carboniferous.


INTRODUCTION I. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF REPORTING AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE A. Early Reporting Practices B. The Tensions Between the Practice of Medicine and Public Health C. The Inception of the Modern Epidemic: National AIDS Reporting II. THE CHANGING FACE OF THE AIDS EPIDEMIC A. Developments in Medical Treatment B. Perinatal Transmission C. Effects on Epidemiology III. HIV/AIDS REPORTING: CURRENT STATUS A. AIDS Surveillance B. HIV Surveillance TABLE A: HIV/AIDS REPORTING AMONG STATES AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IV. PUBLIC HEALTH JUSTIFICATIONS FOR A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF HIV REPORTING A. Monitoring the AIDS Epidemic B. Targeting Prevention and Other Services C. Linking HIV-Infected Persons with Treatment Opportunities, Educational Services, and Partner Notification Support Services D. Just Resource Allocation E. Eligibility for Governmental Benefits V. THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF HIV REPORTING A. The Impact on Voluntary Testing and Treatment: The Importance of Alternative Test Sites B. Discrimination C. Privacy 1. Legal Rights to Privacy 2. Privacy and Security in the Maintenance and Use of HIV Registries 3. Ethical Issues Concerning Privacy VI. THE "NAMES DEBATE": NAMED REPORTING VERSUS UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Throughout the history of contagious diseases in the United States, there has been a basic tension between traditional public health and civil liberties.(1) Proponents of a traditional public health approach have argued that systematic government intervention has been most affective in curtailing disease epidemics.(2) Traditional public health measures include testing and screening for infection, notification of those at risk of infection, and reporting infected persons to the health department.(3) The health department is also empowered to subject individuals to mandatory medical examinations and treatment, directly observed therapy, isolation, or quarantine.(4) Those who have opposed traditional public health powers have, instead, relied on policies that optimally protect individual autonomy, privacy, and liberty.(5) Adherents to a civil liberties approach argue that respect for rights and freedoms represents a transcending human value. A civil liberties perspective in the context of disease epidemics tends to focus on well-informed individuals exercising the tight to self determination.(6) Under this view, public health's essential functions are to provide education and counseling to help individuals to make more informed decisions to reduce their risk.(7) Public health should also provide the means for self protection such as condoms for persons who engage in sex and sterile syringes for those who inject illegal drugs.(8) This historical tension between civil liberties and public health has sharpened in the modem HIV epidemic. To many (particularly ideological conservatives) the pendulum has swung decidedly in favor of civil liberties and against public health.(9) This view, often referred to as "AIDS Exceptionalism,"(10) holds that traditional public health policies that have long been effective in reducing epidemic disease are not used in curtailing HIV infection.(11) The explanation offered is that public health officials have deferred to civil libertarians and community activists, thus failing to take measures known to prevent disease transmission.(12) This characterization of the modem HIV epidemic is misplaced because it relies on at least two unproved assumptions. First, AIDS exceptionalists assume that traditional public health measures such as compulsory testing, partner notification, and reporting have been historically effective and would continue to be effective if routinely applied in the AIDS epidemic. …


Juvenility and flowering requirements of Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet. 'Sunray' and C. lanceolata L. 'Early Sunrise' were examined by growing plants under short days (SD) and transferring them to long days (LD) upon reaching the designated true leaf stages. Neither cultivar flowered in continuous SD, and 'Sunray' remained vegetative in LD. However, LD induced flowering in 'Early Sunrise' plants in each leaf count treatment and the loss of juvenility was gradual, with most rapid flowering occurring when plants were transferred to LD at the 16 leaf stage. The limited inductive photoperiod (LIP) inhibited stem elongation of 'Early Sunrise' plants in all LD treatments and selectively inhibited axillary flower bud development compared to plants grown in continuous LD. LIP did not affect scape length at first flower even though plant height was significantly diminished if given relatively few LD before transfer to SD. Height reduction was attributed to LIP inhibition of stem elongation with no significant loss of axillary flower bud potential.


The main interest of this paper is concept of Compressive Sensing and its application in 1D biomedical signals. The accent is on analyzing several types of biomedical signals and finding domain in which they are sparse. Therefore, we use gradient-based algorithm to reconstruct these biomedical signals with different number of samples. By working with gradient-based algorithm, we presented reconstruction of Electrocardiogram, Electroencephalogram and Electromyogram biomedical signals and drew a conclusion about differences between them. Several sparsifying basis are tested in order to find the most suitable one, for specific signal type, and we verified the whole theory by experimental results.


To develop a reconstruction method to improve SMS‐MRF, in which slice acceleration is used in conjunction with highly undersampled in‐plane acceleration to speed up MRF acquisition.


The demographic parameters of G. balcanica dominating Q. coccifera litter layers in a mediterranean-type ecosystem (Greece) were estimated under standard laboratory and semi-natural conditions. In general, qualitative observations concerning mating behaviour, egg protection and chamber building are in agreement with reports for other diplopods. Estimations regarding development up to the 10th stadium were made. Developmental time of the free anamorphic and younger epimorphic stadia increased linearly with stadium. Mean moulting time was 14.03 days while maturation time was 2.5 years (...)


Dyeing and re-tanning properties of nine aldehyde reactive dyes synthesized in our previous work were studied using aluminum pretanned wet-white sheep leather as a substrate. Their washing fastness and four dyeing property indexes, i.e., substantivity (S), exhaustion (E), reactivity (R) and fixation (F) were measured. The relationship between the color-matching effect and the relative difference values of the four dyeing property indexes of the combined dyes were investigated, and the simultaneous tanning-dyeing property of reactive dyes with a glutaraldehyde backbone were tested. The results were as follows: (1) The synthesized aldehyde reactive dyes could dye wet-white leather under mild conditions (T = 35-45°C, pH =4.0-6.5) within 1.5 h, and the dyed leather possessed a satisfactory washing-fastness. (2) Reactive dyes with a glutaraldehyde backbone had better dyeing performance than mono-aldehyde reactive dyes. (3) The less the relative difference value of the dyeing property indexes of the combined dyes, the better was the color-matching effect. (4) The tested reactive dyes with a glutaraldehyde backbone increased the T s of wet-white leather to 11-17°C in addition to dyeing it to the corresponding color.


Developing data-driven machine-learning interatomic potentials for materials containing many elements becomes increasingly challenging due to the vast configuration space that must be sampled by the training data. We study the learning rates and achievable accuracy of machine-learning interatomic potentials for many-element alloys with different combinations of descriptors for the local atomic environments. We show that for a five-element alloy system, potentials using simple low-dimensional descriptors can reach meV/atom-accuracy with modestly sized training datasets, significantly outperforming the high-dimensional SOAP descriptor in data efficiency, accuracy, and speed. In particular, we develop a computationally fast machine-learned and tabulated Gaussian approximation potential (tabGAP) for Mo–Nb–Ta–V–W alloys with a combination of two-body, three-body, and a new simple scalar many-body density descriptor based on the embedded atom method.


In this study, theoretical calculation of the molecular vibration frequency of graphene materials in the range of 0.1~10 THz was carried out using density functional theory, and the vibration mode of graphene molecules was analyzed. THz time domain spectrometer was employed to test the absorption spectra of graphene materials in the 0.2~3.5 THz frequency band, and the assignments of the absorption characteristic peaks of graphene were identified respectively. The results show that the graphene material produces resonance absorption of terahertz waves due to the interaction of intramolecular C-C at frequencies around 1.92 THz and 2.11 THz, and the calculated results are highly consistent with the experimental results.


This thesis examines the production, consumption and symbolic aspects of alcoholic beverages in the West Norse world mainly during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Chapter 1 is the introduction, source and methodology description. Chapter 2 is devoted to the study of the main types of alcoholic beverages available during these centuries as well as to the production and acquisition of both the raw materials and tools to produce them. Chapter 3 studies the mythological origins and symbolism attached to these beverages, with the main focus on mead. Chapter 4 analyzes the different contexts in which alcohol was consumed during the period under research. Chapter 5 studies the main occasions on which alcohol was consumed. Chapters 6 and 7 approach the uses of alcohol as a tool for acquiring and displaying power. Chapter 6 is devoted to the analysis of alcohol as a way of displaying and acquiring power through the display and offering of both alcoholic beverages and drinking vessels as well as through drinking competitions. Finally, Chapter 7 studies the ways in which alcohol could be used as a tool of deception and personal enhancement. These topics are analyzed using literary, legal, historical and archaeological sources.


Fog computing is considered as a trend for future wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to low latency and energy-saving. However, because different fog services have different quality of service (QoS) requirements and related data are forwarded by content-aware traffic control, it is a must for fog computing advanced WSNs to deploy QoS policy dynamically. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a future network technique that makes the underlying networks programmable dynamically. In this paper, we propose a software-defined QoS provisioning mechanism for fog computing advanced WSNs. To our best knowledge, this paper is the first to realize software defined QoS provisioning for WSNs.


Background: Perioperative pressure injury (PI) remains problematic. Five key pressure injury prevention (PIP) strategies were identified according to literature. However, little is known about current perioperative PIP practice in compliance to international guidelines. Methods: This study describes perioperative health care practitioners' implementation of five key PIP strategies in compliance with international PIP guidelines in a tertiary hospital. This was achieved via observation of the implementation of PIP strategies using a structured data collection tool and skin inspection on postoperative day 2. Results: Seventy-three patients undergoing surgical procedures were recruited. Of these, 36 were identified as at-risk of developing PI based on the Waterlow risk assessment. The number of PIP strategies implemented across the sample ranged from 27 to 49 strategies; and increased according to risk, with 'high-risk' patients receiving more PIP strategies than those patients at 'moderate risk', although this finding was statistically non significant. However, there were significant correlations between the number of PIP strategies used and length of surgery and number of medical devices and/or equipment used, with 4 Stage 1 PIs observed postoperative day 2 on patients' ears, resulting from oxygen tubing. Conclusions: These clinical and statistically significant results may inform the development of education regarding improvement of perioperative PIP practice.


In managerial position, manager must be capable to control their emotions and manage themselves so that they can they can perform in better way as well to lead the workforce in the right direction. In this study, an attempt has been made to find and compare the effectiveness of the interpersonal skills training programme for emotional control of bank managers. A sample of 120 bank managers working in banks in Kurukshetra, Panipat, Sonipat and Karnal was selected for study. Out of 120 respondents 60 were selected for experimental group and rest 60 were selected for control group. Scale developed by Dick (1991) was used for improving interpersonal skills. The data was interpreted with the help of mean, standard deviation and 't' test.


This study evaluated microbial risk that could develop within soil microbial communities after amended with organic fertilizers from stabilized swine manure waste. For this purpose, we assessed the occurrences and competitiveness of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity in soil microbial communities that were amended with swine manure wastes stabilized by a traditional lagoon fermentation process and an autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion process, respectively. According to laboratory cultivation detection analysis, soil applications of the stabilized organic fertilizers resulted in increases in absolute abundances of antibiotic resistant bacteria and of two tested pathogenic bacteria indicators. The increase in occurrences might be due to the overall growth of microbial communities by the supplement of nutrients from the fertilizers. Meanwhile, the soil applications were found to reduce competitiveness for various types of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the soil microbial communities, as indicated by the decrease in relative abundances (of total viable heterotrophic bacteria). However, competitiveness of pathogens in response to the fertilization was pathogens-specific, since the relative abundance of Staphylococcus was decreased by the soil applications, while the relative abundance of Salmonella was increased. Further testes revealed that no MAR (multiple antibiotic resistance) occurrence was detected among cultivated pathogen colonies. These findings suggest that microbial risk in the soil amended with the fertilizers may not be critical to public health. However, because of the increased occurrences of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity resulted from the overall microbial growth by the nutrient supply from the fertilizers, potential microbial risk could not be completely ruled out in the organic-fertilized soil samples.


The dramatic success of CAR T cell therapies in the treatment of certain B cell malignancies has led to a wave of novel cell therapies for cancer. All approved engineered cell therapies are derived from autologous T cells. This has posed barriers for patient access to qualified treatments that include a lengthy production time, inconsistent product characteristics, uncertain manufacturability, and a high cost of manufacturing. To address these obstacles, allogeneic "universal" cell therapies, derived from healthy donors or differentiated pluripotent cells are engineered and expanded in large quantities for off-the-shelf treatment. In allogeneic CAR T cell therapy, T cell receptor (TCR) knockout is required to prevent graft-versus-host disease of alloreactive T cells targeting against host tissue. Allogeneic cells may have a very limited half-life following infusion, however, as they are rapidly targeted by the patient's own immune system causing host-versus-graft disease. Gene editing is used to increase the persistence of allogeneic T cells by enabling them to evade host T cell or natural killer (NK) cell surveillance. A conventional method of preventing host T cell rejection is to knockout (KO) the β-2 microglobulin (β2M) to diminish the expression of MHC class I protein. To further minimize rejection, overexpression of nonclassical MHC class I protein, HLA-E, is engineered into allogeneic T cells to evade host NK cell rejection. Strategies to improve allogenic CAR T cell persistence through immune evasion have implications for developing a therapeutic product consisting of both CAR T and CAR NK cells. Here we show the use of different methods to investigate the effectiveness of the immune evasion strategies. We found that the effectiveness of HLA-E expression in the suppression of NK cell rejection is highly correlated with the expression of CD94/NKG2A on the host NK cells. Host NK cells with low CD94/NKG2A expression will rapidly recognize and kill allogeneic CAR-T cells even when HLA-E is overexpressed. As it is not possible to control CD94/NKG2A expression in patient NK cells, we sought to identify alternative factors to allow allogeneic cells to evade rapid immune recognition without requiring long term suppression of immune response. To mitigate the donor-to-donor variation on alloreactivity, we developed a strategy to identify NK ligands that can effectively diminish host NK activation in the presence of allogeneic CAR T cells with TCR and B2M gene KOs. A platform using K562 cell line was developed to screen a wide variety of NK inhibitory peptides and synthetic ligands to identify their inhibitory activities. To date, we have identified several synthetic proteins that demonstrate enhanced NK inhibitory function. These synthetic proteins can be used to complement, or to replace HLA-E and enable more extended persistence of an allogeneic cell product in a broader patient population.
 Citation Format: Meriam Vejiga, Don Wang, Guangnan Li, Kyle Pratt, Phung Gip, James Trager, Ivan Chan. Immune masking strategies to extend the pharmacokinetics of allogeneic cell therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5511.


We present preliminary numerical simulations of tilted-disk accretion around a rotating black hole. Our goal is to explore whether hydrodynamic instabilities near the Bardeen-Petterson radius could be responsible for generating moderate-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in X-ray binaries. We review the relevant general relativistic hydrodynamic equations, and discuss preliminary results on the structure and dynamics of a thin, Keplerian disk.


385 One of the most challenging problems a physician faces in practice is the evaluation of a patient with prolonged pyrexia a truly significant test of his clinical skills. A thorough and detailed history with a good clinical examination and relevant investigations are necessary in every patient of prolonged pyrexia. It is important to remember that rarer manifestations of common diseases are more often seen than rare diseases.


The path integral approach is used for the calculation of the correlation functions of the $XY$ Heisenberg chain. The obtained answers for the two-point correlators of the $XX$ magnet are of the determinantal form and are interpreted in terms of the generating functions for the random turns vicious walkers.


Designing new yard piping at existing waterworks plants can be very challenging, especially at already congested sites. There are always several issues associated with existing piping, including the actual location of all old utility lines, which can be helped by the use of Subsurface Utility Engineering that uses nondestructive geophysical investigation techniques. Connecting to and constructing very near existing lines can also be a challenge. Multiple pipeline crossings can result in several conditions that must be given attention, but a detailed sequence of construction can help minimize disruptions and plant shutdowns. Alignment issues include proper separation between water and wastewater lines, designing for future repairs and expansions, keeping utilities in defined corridors, and minimizing the number of fittings. Piping systems must be designed with the appropriate linings, coatings, pipe materials, pressure classes, beddings, joints, corrosion protection, and testing requirements. Designers must stay abreast of the new materials in the market in order to properly analyze alternate systems. Depth of cover plays a very large part in design, as does seismic considerations, and the need for thrust restraint and flexibility at connections to buildings. A critical step in the design is specifying the proper pressure testing procedures, for which a few alternatives are discussed. Good record drawings are a must, as is a design that is cost-effective, since yard piping is so much more expensive per unit of length than equivalent linear pipelines.


Azo-doped liquid crystal polymer network (LCN) thin films are promising candidates for the development of soft-robots. These azo-doped LCNs exhibit either photo-chemo-mechanical or photo-thermo-mechanical or both deformations based on the type of azo-molecule used for doping, the type of external stimulus, and the surrounding environment. This paper presents a computational model capable of simulating this combined photo-chemo/thermo-mechanical deformation phenomena. Moreover, the influence of attenuation of light through the thickness and the influence of variation in the through-thickness alignment of mesogens are considered in the model. A detailed investigation of the influence of isomerization parameters, light intensity, and thermal parameters on light-induced temperature rise and the resultant deformations is also presented. The developed model shows good agreement with the experimental measurements available in the literature for the temperatures and deformations attained by azo-doped LCN films under illumination while placed in air/water.


On November 4,1999, in South Central Regional Medical Center v. Pickering, 1999 WL 1000703 (1999), the Mississippi Supreme Court created a new legal standard that allows patients to recover damages for fear of exposure to AIDS even though they cannot prove actual exposure. By adopting this standard, the Mississippi Supreme Court joined the minority of jurisdictions seeking to encourage providers to use reasonable care when handling instruments capable of transmitting disease. Plaintiff Jimmie Pickering is a female diabetic, who was receiving treatment at South Central Regional Medical Center (South Central) between September 30 and October 5, 1987 to regulate her blood sugar levels. Pickering used the hospital's Autoclix machine, which required that Pickering use lancets to prick her finger to draw blood.


From the aspect of space economic system,the economic development of the Yangtze asin has the following three interrelated basic features:(1)Space differences of the basin's economic development, referring to the space differences in the basis,speed and level of economic development among regions in the basin.(2)The space coincidence of the basin's economic development with natural conditions and resources.The effect of regional natural system on regional economic demonstrates itself in that the upper reaches are rich in resources,while the middle reaches,in labour force,and the lower reaches,in capital and technology.(3)The internal relations of the basin's economic development and the space restriction of the managemental system.The basin's economic development is restricted by the managemental system,which hardly can organize its production according to the internal relations of the basin's economy.The spatial split under the effect of managemental system and the onesidedness of executine policy impair the integrated development of the basin's economy.


Aeroelastic tailoring provides a measure of control over the interaction of aerodynamic loading and structural response during the design of composite lifting surfaces. A recent investigation involving the design, fabrication, and test of an aeroelastically tailored fighter wing was conducted to provide data for validating the design methodology. Three sets of composite wings with different design objectives were tested in addition to a set of rigid steel wings. The static aeroelastic tests featured the measurement of model forces, pressure distributions, and deflected shapes in the transonic regime. Test results are compared with analytical predictions and show significant aeroelastic benefits.


A light-emitting diode driving circuit includes a power factor correction circuit and a driving controller. The PFC circuit controls a power factor of the LED driving circuit. The LED driving circuit includes an inductor, a switch, a current detection circuit, and a time detection circuit. The inductor senses an inductor current and provides energy to at least one LED. The switch connected to the inductor is conducted according to a driving signal. The current detection circuit connected to the switch detects inductor current information. The time detection circuit connected to the switch detects an energy discharging time during which the inductor current decrease from a peak value to zero. The driving controller connected to the switch, the current detection circuit, and the time detection circuit outputs the driving signal to the switch according to the voltage level and the energy discharging time.


The paper expounds four problems existing in public computer room management in higher vocational colleges and how to solve them.


Habu's (Trimeiesurus flavoviridis) bite shows two main local morbid changes : Hemorrhage caused by the venom and necrosis of the muscles. By animal experiments we discovered that these morbid changes were nothing but a digestive action of proteinase, which was contained in the venom of, Habu. We, the members of the Pathological and Microbiological Institutes, also made it clear that this proteinase-activity could be prevented when we cheleted Mm·· with EDTA, which is a component of this enzyme.I have tried a therapeutical experiment of Habu venom in animal, using EDTA-Ca as cheleting substance.Experimental animals (guinea-pigs) were given 0.5mg (dry weight) venom subcutaneously. Immediately after the injection, EDTA-Ca was injected by incision. Hemorrhagic necrosis (a characteristic venomous effect of Habu venom) was repressed.It is true that antivenom serum therapy is quite effective for Habu venom therapy, but when this therapy is not available in the places like mountain sides or fields where the bites often occur (and that is the case we often meet), it would be advisable to take this compound as first-aid in the Habu-prevailing districts.


Triplet‐state properties of 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25‐octa‐n‐butoxy phthalocyanine and its zinc derivative were determined for the first time. The T1 state of the metal‐free phthalocyanine was characterized by a short lifetime (τT= 17 µs) and low quantum yield (φT= 0.095), and quenching of the triplet by O2 occurred with a bimolecular rate constant (kTσ= 1.3 times 108M‐1 s‐1) that is indicative of an endogonic reaction. The zinc complex (ZnPc(OBu)8) was markedly better as a triplet photosensitizer with respect to both tT (60 µs) and φT (0.5). Quenching by O2 produced singlet oxygen with nearly 100% efficiency, and kTσ (1.7 times 109M‐1s‐1) was close to the spin‐statistical diffusion‐controlled limit. Phosphorescence measurements showed the energy of the T1 state of ZnPc(OBu)8 to be 100 kJ/mol, which is 6 kJ/mol above the lδg state of O2. These photoproperties, together with Q‐band absorption maxima in the mid‐700 nm range indicate that metal‐centered 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25‐octaalkoxyphthalocyanines have excellent potential as sensitizers in photodynamic therapy.


Author Institution: Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 W.; Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Space and Earth Data; Computing Division, Code 930, Greenbelt, MD 20771; National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P. O. Box 2,; Green Bank, WV 24944-0002; Optical Technology Division, National Institute of Standards; and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Space and Earth Data; Computing Division, Code 930, Greenbelt, MD 20771; National; Research Council Resident Research Associate


Professor of History at Robert College, Constantinople. Elected 1904. Late Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Elected 1906. Professor in the University of Sydney. Formerly Student of the School. Elected 1908. Late Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Director of the School, 1914—1923. Elected 1912. Student and Tutor of Christ Church, Oxford. Elected 1914. Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Elected 1914. Hon. Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Director of the School, 1906—1914. Elected 1914. Late Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Formerly Assistant Director and Librarian of the School. Elected 1915. Elected 1926. Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. Elected 1929. Hon. Keeper, Greek and Roman Department, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Student 1920—1930. Elected


The National Fisheries Research Center— Great Lakes has developed an interactive computer program that uses the structure of an organic molecule to predict its acute toxicity to four aquatic species. The expert system software, written in the muLISP language, identifies the skeletal structures and substituent groups of an organic molecule from a user-supplied standard chemical notation known as a SMILES string, and then generates values for four solvatochromic parameters. Multiple regression equations relate these parameters to the toxicities (expressed as log10LC50s and log10EC50s, along with 95% confidence intervals) for four species. The system is demonstrated by prediction of toxicity for anilide-type pesticides to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). This software is designed for use on an IBM-compatible personal computer by personnel with minimal toxicology background for rapid estimation of chemical toxicity. The system has numerous applications, with much potential for use in the pharmaceutical industry.


OBJECTIVE
Neuropeptide Y is a pancreatic polypeptide closely associated with noradrenergic activity both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The objective of this study was to assess plasma neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in panic disorder.

METHOD
Radioimmunoassays were performed in 12 patients with DSM-III-R panic disorder and two groups of normal comparison subjects (N = 22 and N = 16).

RESULTS
Markedly higher plasma neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was found in patients with panic disorder.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher plasma neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity suggests that this peptide may be implicated in the etiology or expression of symptoms of panic disorder.


This paper provides statistical data on global pipeline construction, diameter breakout on pipe usage, and compressor and pump stations. Data is divided into actual 1991 statistics, and forecasted 1992 statistics, and covers both US and worldwide construction.


A previous review of the first edition of this book, which was written by Bob Killick-Kendrick, recalled his first encounter with the author in 1955 on St Pancras Station. Mike Service was shipping his luggage to Nigeria in preparation for starting his lifelong study of mosquitoes. In my own case, that first meeting with Mike was in the mid 1960s when he was visiting the Cayman Islands to observe our progress in controlling the mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus which, at that time, was a major impediment to the development of a viable tourist industry. Ten years later Mike was my Head of Department in the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and, although I had switched my affections to phlebotomine sandflies, he remained faithful to their somewhat larger 'cousins'. As in the first edition, the 2nd also justifiably devotes 3 chapters, over a quarter of the book, to the mosquitoes, reflecting their predominant importance as vectors of protist, filarial and viral pathogens of humans and animals. A further 17 chapters, covering for example, flies and myiasis, lice, triatomines and the important non-insect vectors within the ticks and mites then follow. This useful introductory textbook is reliable and accurate, following a logical sequence in each chapter, which familiarises the reader with the external morphology, the life cycle, medical importance and control. Each chapter concludes with a further reading list. In this respect Professor Service has admirably left what was good and is still relevant from the first edition, but has added useful update reviews and new articles in the second edition. The illustrations remain as good black and white line drawings that form a useful accompaniment to the text. Comparing the first and second editions of the book the two main differences I noted were in the numbers of species described in each family and in the introduction of updated control information. Thus taxonomists now only have to cope with 3200 species and sub-species of mosquitoes, a reduction on the previous total in 1996 of 3450. On the inflationary side of the equation, there are now 120 more blackfly species described and the ceratopogonid experts have not been idle with a surprising 100% increase in genera from 60 to 120. Examples of new control information include an update on the genetic engineering of the biological control agent Bacillus thuringiensis to improve its larvicidal activity against mosquitoes, and a brief description of the Southern Cone initiative to control triatomine bugs and its apparent progress. In addition, a new glossary relevant to medical en tomology is an excellent addition, defining such terms as zoogeographical regions, biological definitions ranging from amplifying host to mechanical transmission and terms often confined to parasitological texts. Medical Entomology for Students is to be recommended as an introductory text, for example in undergraduate teaching, where entomology forms part of the curriculum, or where this useful background can underpin student project preparation. Furthermore, the book has a role in postgraduate taught Masters provision where introductory modules form a foundation before new molecular considerations and the ever expanding research skill areas are a necessary part of modern courses. In conclusion the second edition is highly recommended as an introduction to the subject and remains affordable to the individual at a modest price increase of only £1.96 over the first edition.


Quaternary alloys InGaGdN with In content of 23% and 14% (Gd ≈ 1% in both) are successfully grown with a sufficient quality to investigate the temperature behavior of photoluminescence (PL). A temperature‐independent peak position is found for the sample with In content of 23%, while the sample with In content of 14% shows a weak temperature dependence. A theoretical model to explain the temperature dependence of the band gap of semiconductors is developed, where the inter‐band mixing and the inner stress caused by the difference of the thermal expansion among the component alloys are taken into account.


This study evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of tumor marker concentrations in cytologic fluids (CF) for subtyping non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and assessed the relationship between fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) uptake with serum and CF tumor marker levels. This prospective study included 88 patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) concentrations in the CF samples were correlated with serum tumor marker concentrations, 18 F-FDG uptake, and NSCLC subtype. Fifty-eight patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. Multivariate analysis revealed higher CF and serum SCCA levels; smoking status predicted SCC from adenocarcinoma. CF SCCA showed the highest accuracy (83%) in distinguishing between SCC and adenocarcinoma.


Grain size data from the Hongbaishan section reveal that the late Cenozoic deposits in the central Tarim basin generally contains an ultrafine component,which has an consistent modal size of 0.87μm and a variable proportion of 0.3%~10%.For the same lithological unit,proportions of the ultrafine component are quite distinctive along with the alternation of lithology.Aeolian sand owns the lowest value,loess has slightly higher value but lower than that of the fluvial deposits,whereas lacustrine clay maintains the highest value.Nevertheless,the long-term variations of the ultrafine component in different sediments show a similar trend,implying that same factor contributed to the long-term changes.Intensities of the chemical weathering and/or pedogenisis probably play the leading role in driving the changes.The abrupt decreasing of the ultrafine component at 2.8 Ma indicates a dramatic weakening of the chemical weathering and/or pedogenisis,which in turn suggest a significant strengthening of aridity in the Tarim basin.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA) with Butorphanol and Sufentanil in patients after vertebral operation.Methods 90 patients undergoing elective vertebral operation were randomly divided into 3 groups: Butorphanol group [3.00 μg/(kg·h)],Sufentanil group [0.04 μg/(kg·h)]and Butorphanol and Sufentanil group [Butorphanol:1.50 μg/(kg·h);Sufentanil: 0.02 μg/(kg·h)].PCIA was added with 0.9% sodium chloride injection to 100 ml in the 3 groups,and the efficacy and side effects were evaluated 4,8,12,24,48 hours after PCIA.Results After PCIA,VAS and Ramsay scores in Butorphanol group at different time points were significantly higher than those in Sufentanil group and Butorphanol and Sufentanil group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).The incidence of side effects in Butorphanol and Sufentanil group was 13.33%,63.33% in Butorphanol group and 56.67% in Sufentanil group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Butorphanol combined with Sufentanil in PCIA exhibits good effects of analgesia and less adverse reaction effect than that of Butorphanol,but similar to that of Sufentanil.


Aim. Glycolysis is a cell metabolic process by which glucose is converted to pyruvate. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is further oxidized by the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to CO2 and water. Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate is converted to lactate. Warburg first noted that cancer cells take up and metabolize glucose in excess of their bioenergetics and biosynthetic needs and produce more lactic acid in aerobic condition than normal cells. Our hypothesis was that cell lines originated from breast tumors have lower levels of oxidative phosphorylation compared to cell lines that originated from normal tissue. Moreover, we expected that tumor cell lines originated from highly aggressive tumors would have lower oxidative phosphorylation than the cell lines originated from less aggressive tumors and normal tissues.
Method. The change in cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the presence of pharmacological modulators is the most suitable measure of oxidative phosphorylation. The OCR was measured on basal-like, claudin-low, HER-2, luminal and normal cell types, each represented by different number of cell lines. OCR were measured first at base level and then after successive treatments with different pharmacological modulators. Basal OCR, total reserve capacity OCR and ATP-linked OCR were calculated for each cell line. The linear mixed effect regression was used to define the model that described the best association between each of these dependent variables and the cell types, controlling for other variables.
Conclusion. We found that there is no significant difference in oxidative phosphorylation among basal-like, claudin-low and normal cell types. However, HER-2 and luminal cell types, originated from less aggressive tumors with better clinical outcome, did show statistically significant higher levels of oxidative phosphorylation than other types (basal-like, claudin-low).
Public health significance. It has been shown that breast cancer is the most common cancer among women of almost all races and it had been recognized as a major public health problem. Understanding metabolic differences between breast cancer cells and normal cells and among different type of breast cancer cells might have significance in designing appropriate chemo-therapeutics and treatment procedures for patients with different types of breast cancers.


An outstanding multimedia courseware can transform those dull, abstract contents into intuitive, stereoscopic, dynamic and full of artistic taste and appealing ones, thereby, creating a relaxed and happy study atmosphere which can arouse the learners' learning interests, improve the learning efficiency then achieve the teaching aims. However, color matching is the problem that people often ignore during the processing of making multimedia courseware. Problems existing in the color matching will be analyzed in this article. The author has introduced some basic knowledge about colors and color vision psychological; besides, the author has also worked out some relevant color matching strategy in this article.


Sir, I share Krane et al.'s concern about the potential danger of antisuspect bias in forensic DNA analysis, and I agree that ''interpretation of an evidentiary DNA profile should not be influenced by information about a suspect's DNA profile.'' However, judging by their letter, the incidence of such bias is unknown. It appears that we do not know that there is a problem, and, if Krane et al.'s recommended policies were adopted, we would not know whether or not any good had been done. With some exceptions (e.g., http:// www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/interlab/MIX05.htm) there has been little effort to systematically survey subjective decisions by forensic DNA analysts. The authors are to be commended for the careful thought they have brought to this issue, but I hope that compelling theory does not distract us from the need for empirical data.


Based upon analysis of the history and current situations of Chinese collection culture,in view of the shortage situations of fixed constitution and normal activity site for trading of civil collections discussion is made on the building of featured community taking art city of Rushan collection culture in Weihai example,in order to promote the economic development and spread of historical culture.


An introduction to the vast range of Buddhist canonical literature. It covers all major sacred texts, summarizes their essential teachings and places them in their doctrinal and historical context.


In this paper an improved rough neural network is presented for identification of chaotic system. Rough neural networks are a type of neural stractures that they are designed based on rough neurons. A rough neuron is considered as a pair of neurons that called lower boandry neuron and upper boandry neuron. Rough neuron approach, allows use of interval computing in neural networks, therefore it can be considered as a new opinion in designing neural networks. The same as multilayer perceptron, rough neural networks also can be trained using by back propagation algorithm based on gradient descending, however, this algorithm has problems such as local minima. In this paper, a new supervised learning method based on effective error of neuron is presented for training of neural networks, which it is called probabilistic learning. To evaluate this study, performance of rough neural network improved, and proposed learning algorithm have been examined in terms of error detection of chaotic time series.


Abstract Acid decomposition with nitric, perchloric and/or hydrofluoric acids is used to extract selenium from marine geological materials. Selenium is isolated from potentially interfering elements by coprecipitation with lanthanum hydroxide, then a piazselenol is formed between 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene at pH 1.0 and extracted into cyclohexane. The selenium is determined fluorimetrically in the extract. The detection limit is 3.2 ng (four times the standard deviation of blank) and the coefficient of variation is 5% at the 10 ng level. The sample decomposition procedure is evaluated and typical results obtained for selected samples are given.


The PMR spectra of 1,4-dioxin and 1,4-dithiin have been studied in nematic phase liquid crystalline solvents. The ratio of the interproton distances r12 and r13 and the CCH angles have been determined.


The ideological and political course in China's colleges and universities has become one of the most important required courses, which plays a very positive guiding role in the formation of young students' outlook on life and value. In the Internet era, a new teaching method has emerged in the ideological and political education course, that is, MOOC, which requires us to deeply analyze the teaching idea of MOOC, find the connection between MOOC and the teaching reform of college ideological and political course, and then find better strategies for improving the teaching reform of college ideological and political course.


Telephone interviews were used to assess both the prevalence of psychic distress among women during the past 12 months and the willingness of respondents to participate in a study of how women employ self-change efforts to cope with emotional distress. A second purpose of this research was to demonstrate the general effectiveness of telephone surveys in assessing psychological distress. The major findings indicated that the experience of having been nervous or upset was not uncommon: 64% of the 140 respondents indicated some distress, while 31% had been distressed for more than just a couple of days; also, the majority of distressed women were willing to complete an initial questionnaire (81%), a personal interview (53%), and/or follow-up questionnaires (76%). Respondents who reported greater distress were more willing to participate in the study than were respondents who reported less distress. These findings agree with those of a national household interview survey of psychological distress. Our results suggest that telephone surveys represent an effective alternative method for collecting epidemiological data on the sensitive topic of emotional distress.


PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this article is to outline the various therapeutic options of ureteral strictures.

RECENT FINDINGS
Ureteral strictures with consecutive hydronephrosis can be due to endourological and surgical procedures, inflammatory processes, radiation therapy as well as spontaneous passage of ureteral calculi. When planning surgical correction, stricture length, anatomical location as well as patients' characteristics like age, comorbidities and previous treatment in the peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneum or pelvis should be taken into consideration. Treatment options include not only surgical reconstruction techniques like simple stricture excision, end-to-end anastomosis, ureterolysis with omental wrapping, ureteroneoimplantation, renal autotransplantation and ureter-ileum replacement, but also minimally invasive procedures such as self-expandable thermostents and pyelovesical bypass prosthesis.

SUMMARY
Various therapeutic options can be offered in the treatment of ureteral strictures, potentially leading to long-term success rate of more than 90% and a rate of significant complications < 5%.


Abstract: Though considered a modern energy efficient technology, combined heat and power (CHP) has its genesis in the factories of the industrial revolution during the late nineteenth century. It lost its place in industry to central electricity generation and national grids, but through the latter part of the last century, with the development of reliable prime movers and the advent of microprocessor-based controls, resurgence has taken place. Now, at the start of the twenty-first century, a combination of ever increasing energy use and the growing realisation of the damage done to our environment is demanding ever more innovative and efficient technologies. CHP is adopting these new technologies and applying microturbines, Stirling engines and fuel cells alongside the latest developments in more conventional systems.


In excited molecules, the interaction between the covalent Rydberg and ion-pair channels forms a unique class of excited states, in which the infinite manifold of vibrational levels are the equivalent of atomic Rydberg states with a heavy electron mass. Production of the ion-pair states usually requires excitation through one or several interacting Rydberg states; these interacting channels lead to loss of flux, diminishing the rate of ion-pair production. Here, we develop an analytical, asymptotic charge-transfer model for the interaction between ultracold Rydberg molecular states, and employ this method to demonstrate the utility of off-resonant field control over the ion-pair formation, with near unity efficiency.


In 1988, Robert Alan Jackson carried out the study "Language Planning
Using a Marketing Model/' Jacksons main objective was to adapt
E. Jerome McCarthy's Strategie marketing model to the theory oflanguage
planning. The purpose of the present paper is to complement Jacksons
study in order toprovide a theoretical-descriptive base to language planners'
work, at national as well as local level, which allows them to realize
strategies to spread the use of a language in certain sectors of society.
However, we mainly focus this text on language Services that, from public
administration, have, as a mission, thepromotion oflanguage normalization
in society.


Teaching quality is the lifeline of universities.The management and construction of teaching quality as well as the improvement of the teaching quality need to emphasize the culture construction of the educating quality.This article tries to analyses the meanings and the content of the educating quality,to display the effects of the educating quality in the management and construction of teaching quality and then come to raise some suggestions aiming at cultivation and development of the educating quality culture.


For a high-power integrated circuit (IC), it is desirable to cool with the liquid micro-channels. However, the non-uniform power distribution of the IC is a great challenge. In this paper, the strip-and-zone strategy is presented. First, the optimal channel-width assuming a uniform power distribution of the total chip power is considered as a nominal situation. Then, according to the distribution of the power density of the power blocks on chip, the micro-channels are divided into several parallel strips with various zones in these strips. A further optimization of the channel-width of each zone in the strips shall be made that a higher heat transfer coefficient will occur in the zones of higher heat flux, while the strips of higher total power will have same or less flow resistances. As a result, under the same pressure drop among all the strips, same or more flow will occur at the strips of higher total power and the maximum temperature on the chip is reduced. Illustration of this strip-and-zone micro-channel liquid cooling design is provided through a design case of an IC chip with realistic power distribution. Comparing with the same chip at the air cooling and at the micro-channel cooling with the nominal channel-width, the chip at strip-and-zone micro-channel liquid cooling yields the lowest surface temperature as expected.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The effective resolution of analog to digital converters is a crucial quantization quality parameter in modern instrumentation. A usual theoretical assumption about the quantized signal is that this is a pure sine wave with a zero offset. Here, the authors generalize the known results for zero offset to the case of unknown offset. A general problem of an arbitrary random offset distribution is considered. Two important practical cases are then analyzed. The first one is an unknown and nonrandom offset. The second one is a case of an uniform distribution of the offset. In particular, the expected values and variances are derived and analyzed versus the offset and the number of quantizer bits. The results obtained improve the repeatibility of the effective resolution measurement.<<ETX>>


The invention discloses an insulating cover for on-load replacement of a transformer high-voltage side lead. The insulating cover is characterized by comprising an insulating main body (1) and an insulating secondary body (2), wherein the insulating main body (1) comprises two insulating phase partitions (1-1), a main body insulating phase-earth partition (1-2) is connected between the insulating phase partitions (1-1), a U-shaped transformer knob insulator clamping groove (1-3) is formed in the main body insulating phase-earth partition (1-2), the insulating secondary body (2) comprises a space partition (2-1) which is perpendicularly connected with an insulating phase-earth partition (2-2), and a U-shaped transformer knob insulator clamping groove (2-3) is formed in the insulating phase-earth partition (2-2). The insulating cover is simple in structure, safe, reliable and applicable to transformer high-voltage side lead on-load replacement work, personnel can have control over the movement range when carrying out distribution transformer high-voltage side lead on-load replacement work, redundant complex shielding measures are omitted, the safety factor is increased, working efficiency is improved, and safety of live working is ensured.


Eventually, you will enormously discover a new experience and ability by spending more cash. nevertheless when? do you understand that you require to acquire those all needs subsequently having significantly cash? Why don't you attempt to get something basic in the beginning? That's something that will guide you to comprehend even more in the region of the globe, experience, some places, past history, amusement, and a lot more?


It presents the concept and expounds the connotation of green machining based on green manufacturing, and summarizes the main characteristics and applications of green machining, points out the primary problem to be solved, and discusses the trend of its developments.


Submitted by Austria** Summary*** Resolutions of the conferences of the United Nations for the standardization of geographical names have so far pursued the goal to support for the purpose of international communication conversions of non-Roman alphabetic scripts into Roman alphabets by the principle of reversible unambiguous transliteration and not to accept conversion systems following the principle of receiver-language oriented phonetic transcriptions, even when those are proposed by the donor country and applied by it. The Austrian Board on Geographical Names (AKO) holds the opinion that also with conversion of the Ukrainian Cyrillic alphabet the principle of reversible unambiguous transliteration has to be applied and asks the 10 th Conference of the United Nations for the Standardization of Geographical Names to insist on this principle.


Through the present study we vindicated the crop water requirement for eggplant by using Arduino based soil moisture investigator and compared the total water requirement with the quantity of water being applied by farmers to save such excess quantity of water being wasted by the farmers. Therefore a device was established in the Arduino platform in order to detect the soil moisture, as the moisture sensor shows only the resistance between the two probes. It was calibrated with direct moisture meter to obtain the moisture readings directly. Then selected egg plants were planted in two drip fixed fields in two different times. Such time variation in planting was maintained to facilitate the root study in one field before the irrigation of the test field. Hence, according to the measured root length the soil moisture sensors were inserted into the soil in the test field and plants were irrigated up to the field capacity by using the moisture detection. The measured quantity of water which is actually needed by an eggplant up to 108 days after planting was around 149.26 liter. Simultaneously an investigation was carried out to find the quantity of water being applied by farmers. Finally. The measured quantity of water being applied by the farmers was 604.8 liter and it is 4.05 times higher than actual water requirement. Therefore, by using this soil moisture sensing technique it is possible to save a huge amount of water.


The adsorption of formamide (FA) on kaolinite surfaces and the roles of Na+ and water on the adsorption were investigated theoretically using a density functional theory. The calculations reveal that adsorbed FA is able to form stable complexes with the tetrahedral and octahedral surfaces of kaolinite. The octahedral surface possesses a larger binding affinity toward FA than the tetrahedral site of kaolinite partially due to the presence of the surface hydroxyl groups that are more active in the intermolecular interactions than the basal oxygen atoms of the siloxane or tetrahedral sites. The calculated (basis set superposition error corrected) binding energies of FA on the kaolinite octahedral and tetrahedral surfaces are −14.8 and −13.7 kcal/mol, respectively. FA also forms slightly less stable complexes with the negatively charged kaolinite fragments than with neutral ones. The addition of a sodium cation plays a key role in this adsorption, while addition of one water molecule affects the binding stren...


Received December 21, 2014; Accepted April 08, 2015 Abstract: In the present study is carried out an estimation of radiation dose to the population of Gjirokaster city, caused by external natural sources. For this purpose were undertaken two independed ways of measurements. The first way consisted in the measurements of equivalent dose rate through a scintillation NaI detector instrument in the living environment like dwellings, schools and kinder gardens. The second ones was carried out through thermoluminescent dosimeter, which were put in the same places of measurements during a period of three months. The results for the equivalent dose given by two mentioned methods were 0.63 mSv and 0.67 mSv with a coefficient of variation less than 15%.