This article analyses the effect of job quality on pathways to productive activities of older workers in Europe. Using comparative panel data from SHARE, we analyse the medium term effects of working conditions of workers aged 50-64 on three participation outcomes (staying in employment, participating in social activities, and providing informal care) with a trivariate probit model. Several aspects of job quality appear to play a role for participation in society as a whole, including participation in social activities. Care-giving on the other hand appears independent from the considered job quality indicators, but very gender specific. However, trade-offs between full time work and care activities appear in some cases. Therefore, better working conditions and the opportunity for work time arrangements should be developed if one aims to foster participation of older workers in the society.


Radiocarbon‐dated palaeontological remains and bedding features suggests that climatic changes in the northern Taklimakan Desert since the beginning of the Holocene can be divided into four stages: (i) 12 000–10 000 BP, a cool–to temperate–dry climate resulting in apparent alluvial–fluvial and weak aeolian activities; (ii) 10 000–8000 BP, a dry cold climate, resulting in large‐scale sand dune activity under regional desert expansion; (iii) 8000–3000 BP dry, warm climate, with a decreased area of shifting sand and the fixation of many sand dunes; (iv) 3000 BP to present, rising aeolian activity resulting in sandstorms, under the combined influence of climatic warming and excessive exploitation of land and water resources. Holocene deposits from profiles in the Northern Taklimakan Desert consist mainly of fine‐grained aeolian sand and silty clay. The fine aeolian sand was formed from re‐sorting of aeolian sand during the cold period of the Holocene, while the silty clay was formed by flood deposition in the Holocene warm period. The desert and desert steppe arboreal species and high CaCO3 content of the warm period strata suggest that the Holocene climate in the area, although generally dry, varied between warm/dry and cold/dry, and, especially in recent times, has become increasingly dry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) is commonly called poor man's almond and is one of the most nourishing foods available in the world. Groundnut contains high protein content of about 26-28 per cent which is higher than eggs, dairy products and many cuts of meat and fish. Researchers have tried to develop groundnut milk by soaking, grinding the groundnut and squeezing the resultant slurry. During this process, groundnut residues are found as leftovers. Interestingly, while doing review of literature no any study was found on development of value added products from such groundnut residues. To avail the benefit of nutrients present in the leftover in the present study a Barfi like novel product was prepared form groundnut residue obtained as leftover while preparing the groundnut milk. The product was evaluated for its nutritional and organoleptic properties. These leftover groundnut residues were mixed with some other ingredients. Different proportion (in g) of Wet residue: Maida: Sugar: Ghee was used viz. 25:30:25:20 (sample 1), 30:25:25:20 (sample 2), 35:20:25:20 (sample 3) and 40:15:25:20 (sample 4). Nutritional and sensorial evaluation of prepared products was carried out. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied for statistical analysis of data and statistical significance was checked. From the present study it is concluded that nutritious and organoleptically acceptable barafi like product can be prepared from the Universal Impact Factor0.9285:2012; 1.2210:2013 Index Copernicus ICV 2011: 5.09 ICV 2012: 6.42 ICV 2013: 15.8 ICV 2014:89.16 NAAS Rating 2012 : 1.3; 2013-2014-2015:2.69 SJIF 2012: 3.947, 2013: 4.802 INFOBASE INDEX 2015:4.56 COSMOS IMPACT FACTOR 2015: 4.366 Received on: 14 July 2016 Revised on: 10th August 2016 Accepted on: 10 August 2016 Published on: 1 September 2016 Volume No. Online & Print 79 (2016) Page No. 34 to 44 Life Sciences Leaflets is an international open access print & e journal, peer reviewed, worldwide abstract listed, published every month with ISSN, RNI Freemembership, downloads and access. Life Sciences Leaflets FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 2277-4297(Print)0976–1098(Online) http://lifesciencesleaflets.ning.com/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 35 groundnut residue obtained as leftover during extraction of groundnut milk. Barfi prepared in the ratio of 40g wet residue: 15 g maida (sample 4) was found nutritionally rich among all the samples. Sensory characteristics of barafi prepared with 30g wet residue: 25 g maida (sample 2), followed by the barfi prepared in the ratio of 35 g wet residue: 20 g maida (sample 3) was found most acceptable. KEY WORD: Groundnut residue, Nutritional and sensory evaluation.


Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) obtained by synthetic route is more comparable to biological apatite in respect to hydroxyapatite (HA) because hard tissues minerals contains carbonate ions [1]. The aim of this study was to compare two calcium phosphate filler s (CHA and HA granules) with similar crystallinity regarding their per formance in vivo: newly bone formation and bioresorption behaviours were investigated. Both granules, after 4 months promote newly bone formation even if CHA granules are in contact and surrounded with matur e bone; besides CHA granules surface show more evident bioresorption in respect to HA. Introduction Calcium-phosphate materials have been modified in their physical, chem ical, and structural features, to improve the interaction of these materials with biolog ical regenerative processes. The range of available calcium-phosphate-based materials is great, a s are the variations in their composition, Ca/P ratio, structure, surface, etc. They may be present ed in he form of powder, granules, or dense or porous blocks and their solubility degree vary from very low to very high, depending on the impurity, Ca/P ratio, porosity, granulometry, etc. Autologous bone is undoubtedly one of the best choices for bone reconstruction, however, limitations of volum e, morbidity of the donor area, and other factors often inhibit or impede its use, particular ly when there are limitations related to revascularization and infection in the implanted region, or difficulty stabilizing the material, which can lead to the decomposition of the graft. In large bon defects, the risks of using auto-homo, or xenografts increase considerably. These risks include the possibility of disease transmission (e.g., HIV, hepatitis, prions), and the possibility of immunol ogical responses that will affect the regenerative process. Hydroxyapatite (HA) exhibits high potential for application in the fields of medicine and dentistry because of its similarity with bone mineral phase. In recent ye ars by introducing osteogenic cells and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) into the biomaterials, many effor ts we e made to make biomaterials osteoinductive, while certain calcium phosphate biomateri als were reported to be osteoinductive, because they can induce bone formation in extraskeletal s ites without additional osteogenic cells or bone morphogenetic proteins. Being the main inorganic constitution of hard tissues calcium phosphates have been attractive in hard tissue repai r for a long time. Fundamental studies and clinical applications in the past three decades have demons trated that calcium phosphate biomaterials (hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate) and calcium phosphat e-based biomaterials (carbonated hydroxyapatite) are biocompatible and osteoconductive. HA is not toxic or adverse to tissues, it is able to promote chemical bonds with live bone tissue pr omoting bone regeneration. HA has been widely used as a bone substitute because of its excell ent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Recent reports on ectopic bone formation of calcium phosphat e biomaterials showed that osteconduction might be an intrinsic property of calcium phosphat e biomaterials [2, 3]. Key Engineering Materials Online: 2003-12-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 254-256, pp 829-832 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.254-256.829 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,19:47:23) Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Ripamonti [2] reported bone formation in coral-derived HA implanted in mus cles of baboons, and others animal models. Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) is more sim ilar to biological apatite than stoichiometric HA since human bone contains up to 8 wt% carbonate ions. References studies have shown that both precipitated and sintered CHA have higher solubility that HA [4]. The carbonate ion is one of the major ingredients in bone apatite and chemic ally odifies the properties of apatite also in term of solubility. This study reports in vivo evaluation data comparing this two kinds of filling materials based respectively on HA and CHA. Materials and Methods HA and CHA powders were synthetised by wet methods using Ca, P and, i n particular for CHA, CO3 2sources [5, 6, 7], after synthesis HA and CHA have been washed, filtered and dried and used for granulation. HA and CHA granules were investigated: X-Ray diffraction analy sis (CuKα radiation, Rigaku Miniflex), IR spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer FT-IR mod.1600 spectrometer , spectral range 4000400cm, KBr pellets as supports), elemental analysis of Ca, P, Na, Mg, Pb, Hg, As, Cd and C (ICP) and morphology of the surface (SEM, Leica, Cambridge). In vivo trials were performed. The specimens for both fillers a nd surrounding tissues were achieved from patients after 4 months, washed in saline solu tion and immediately fixed in 4% parapholmaldehyde and 0.1% glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacodylate buffer at 4 °C and pH 7.4, to be processed for histology. The specimens were process ed to obtain thin ground sections according to the cutting-grinding system. Briefly the specimens were dehydrated in an ascending series of alcohols and embedded in a glycolmethacrylate resin (Technovit 7 200 VLC, Kulzer, Germany). After polymerization the specimens were sectioned with a diamond saw at a thickness of about 200 μm and ground down to about 30 μm. About 3 sections were cut for each bone sample i n a way parallel to the major axis. After polishing, the slides were stained with basic fuchsin-methylene blue and with basic fuchsintoluidine blue and were observed with a Le itz Laborlux microscope (Leitz, Wetzlar, Germany) in normal light.


With the development of drone technology, drones are gradually being applied in various industries. But with the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment, the impact of electromagnetic interference on drones is also gradually increasing. The GPS is one of the important components of unmanned aerial vehicles. This paper establishes a 1.58 GHz frequency band circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna model. It uses this model to simulate the coupling effect of UWB pulses on the front door of the GPS. UWB pulses with different polarization directions and incidence angles were selected for coupling simulation research. The results indicate that the coupling effect is closely related to the polarization direction and incident direction angle of the pulse, and the coupling signal spectra under different conditions are obtained. This result guides subsequent experiments on the coupling effect of UWB pulses on unmanned aerial vehicles and research on the coupling mechanism.


The relay coordination problem is of dire importance as it is critical to isolate the faulty portion in a timely way and thus ensure electrical network security and reliability. Meanwhile a relay protection optimization problem is highly constraint and complicated problem to be addressed. To fulfill this purpose, Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) is adapted to solve the optimization problem for Directional Over-current Relays (DOCRs) and numerical relays. As it is inspired by the intelligent and collegial chasing and preying behavior of hawks for capturing the prey, it shows quite an impressive result for finding the global optimum values. Two decision variables; Time Dial Settings (TDS) and Plug Settings (PS) are chosen as the decision variables for minimization of overall operating time of relays. The proposed algorithm is implemented on three IEEE test systems. In comparison to other state-of-the-art nature inspired and traditional algorithms, the results demonstrate the superiority of HHO.


REPORTED ARE THE RESULTS OF SEVERAL RELATED STUDIES SUPPORTED BY THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA). THESE STUDIES ATTEMPTED TO (1) DETERMINE THOSE CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTISTS WHICH ARE VALID IN DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN SCIENTISTS OF HIGH AND LOW LEVEL PRODUCTIVITY AND CREATIVITY, AND (2) UTILIZE THESF CHARACTERISTICS IN DEVELOPING AN EASILY ADMINISTERED AND SCORED BIOGRAPHICAL INVENTORY WHICH WOULD AID IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF SCIENTIFIC TALENT AT THE COLLEGE LEVEL. MUCH OF THE DOCUMENT IS DEVOTED TO SEVERAL STUDIES INVOLVING THE SEQUENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE INVENTORY THROUGH FOUR FORMS. DATA AND A DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS ARE PROVIDED FOR EACH FORM. STUDIES INVOLVING THE FIRST THREE FORMS ARE CONCURRENT VALIDITY STUDIES. THE FOURTH STUDY REPORTS HOW THE INSTRUMENT PERFORMED IN A FOLLOW-UP STUDY AND PROVIDES INFORMATION OITS VALIDITY IN.A PREDICTIVE, LONGITUDINAL. SITUATION. ALSO DISCUSSED ARE THE ITEM CONTENT OF THE INVENTORY AND OTHER RESEARCH ACTIVITIES DEALING WITH BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION. APPENDED ARE THE RATING SCALES FOR


The current global financial crisis and the risk of global recession have heightened significantly the volatility of commodity prices, which is the mainstay of most developing countries like Nigeria. This study therefore, examined the influence of the Global Financial Crisis on Nigerian economy. The study adopted descriptive survey design. It was discovered that the financial crisis will cause fall in commodity prices, decline in export, lower portfolio and FDI inflow, fall in equity market, and decline in remittance from abroad etc. Developmental goals will be unachievable with less budgetary allocation to social services, thus pushing a greater number of people further into poverty. The paper recommends thus; government should empower multinational institutions, introduce rapid industrial revolution, maintain trade openness and finance system, donors should scale up aids to deliver on their commitment, and government should double effort towards human development goals, ensure adequate monetary and fiscal response, and develop strong political will to diversify the economy. These measures are required to shore up liquidity in the economy and thus keep it working the development of the economy: agriculture, tourism and infrastructure. Keywords: Economic development, GlobalFinancial Crisis, Socio-economic development, Poverty alleviation, Nigeria


Background/Aim: COVID-19 started to spread as a pandemic in December 2019 and COVID-19 vaccination has been initiated worldwide. The efficacy of vaccination has been scientifically proven, but it might cause axillary lymph node swelling. To diagnose patients with axillary lymph node swelling caused by COVID-19 vaccination, we herein reviewed existing literature on this symptom. Case Report: We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with a breast tumour. She had undergone cecum cancer surgery and regular computed tomography (CT). During breast tumour follow-up, she received scheduled CT that indicated severe axillary lymph node swelling mimicking breast cancer metastasis. We performed aspiration biopsy cytology of that lymph node, and determined this was not cancer metastasis but an effect of the COVID-19 vaccine. We confirmed this diagnosis at one month after computed tomography showed that the lymph node swelling had improved. Conclusion: Axillary lymph node swelling can occur after COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, it is important to consider the effect of the COVID-19 vaccination on axillary lymph node swelling when diagnosing breast tumours.


Strombocactus disciformis and Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele are two threatened species of cacti endemic to Mexico. In this study different ecological aspects of these species such as size structure, habitat occupancy, seed germination, and seedling  survival were analyzed. Additionally, human activities that could affect the population persistence were also determined. Results showed that both species have size structures with low numbers of small individuals. These species grow in particular habitats and the germination of their seeds as well as seedling survival were low. They are affected by various human activities such as illegal trade of seeds and plants, cattle grazing, and extraction of materials for construction. Of these, illegal trade apparently is one of the most important threats to population persistence of these species.


A high real-time robot arm mapping and dynamic shortest path planning algorithm is proposed, which is used for low-cost depth cameras and robot arms. First of all, an inverse kinematics solution algorithm for a nonspherical wrist joint is proposed for the Kinova Mico2 manipulator. Based on the idea of position and attitude decoupling combined with the numerical solution, the solution of multiple sets of inverse kinematics is acquired. Second, a hand–eye system is established on the basis of the depth camera—RealSense. The point cloud is inversely solved through the depth map, which is preprocessed by the pass-through filtering and outlier removal algorithm. A scene parallel mapping method is designed to achieve the real-time reconstruction of the working scene for the robot arm, in which the maintenance of the map and large matrix operations can be completed by GPU. Third, a path planning algorithm with the shortest path for the manipulator end in Cartesian space is designed based on the $\text{D}\ast $ method and grid map. The attitude interpolation and smoothing are performed on the path points to obtain the executable joint trajectories on the time axis. Finally, the robot operating system (ROS) is used to build a simulation test verification environment, and the effectiveness of the related algorithms is verified through multiple simulation cases.


The paper gives results of an evaluation of a 0.6 MW precombustion chamber burner, designed for in-furnace NOx control, high combustion efficiency, and retrofit applications, for use with high nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. The 250- to 750-ms residence time precombustion chamber burner mounted on a prototype watertube package boiler simulator used air staging and in-furnace natural gas reburning to control NOx emissions. The paper reports results of research in which the low NOx precombustor was used to examine the co-firing characteristics of a nitrogenated pesticide, containing dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6 dinitrophenol) in a fuel-oil/xylene solvent. The dinoseb formulation as fired contained 6.4% nitrogen. NO emissions without in-furnace NOx control exceeded 4400 ppm (at 0% O2). When NOx controls in the form of air staging and natural gas reburning were used, these emissions were reduced to 99.99%. Mutagenicity studies of the dinoseb emissions showed that reburning (used for NOx control) reduced the mutagenic emission factor about 60-70% from that with air staging alone.


The present case illustrates the diagnostic difficulties encountered with a presacral lipoma, and, in considering the available evidence, certain features in the management of these cases emerge. In this patient the tumour was discovered initially during examination for an unrelated complaint. Of the lesions to be considered in the differential diagnosis of a fixed swelling in this region, tumours of the pelvic organs, sacrococcygeal chordoma, chondrosarcoma, and tuberculosis of the sacrum may be mentioned. Gentil and Coley (1948) suggest that needle biopsy is a useful diagnostic tool in these circumstances, though it was of no assistance in the present case probably owing to the inadequacy of the biopsy. We must emphasize the danger of regarding a smooth rather inaccessible pelvic tumour as benign, especially when no biopsy is performed. This error of judgement occurred at the patient's initial laparotomy and is understandable when we consider the rarity of the condition and the paucity of clinical reports. There is no doubt that the tumour under discussion was increasing in size (a feature confirmed on examination by the first surgeon). If classified with retroperitoneal lipomata the risk of malignant change is high and early removal is indicated. The smooth encapsulation of the present tumour facilitated its complete removal, though the subsequent blood-loss was difficult to control, endangering the patient's life. Such experience is not uncommon in removing this type of lesion, more particularly the lobulated variety which tends to infiltrate between tissue planes. I t is a matter of conjecture whether the features described as due to partial strangulation in the specimen resulted from manipulation during operation or from haemorrhages into the tumours. It is clear, however, that the tumours were more vascular than their counterparts elsewhere in the body. Due consideration should be given to the advisability of internal iliac artery ligation in similar circumstances. A B E R R A N T T H Y R O I D ' 231


Lithium manganese oxide spinels are promising candidate materials for thin-film lithium-ion batteries owing to their high voltage, high specific capacity for storage of electrochemical energy, and minimal structural changes during battery operation. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers many benefits for preparing all-solid-state thin-film batteries, including excellent conformity and thickness control of the films. Yet, the number of available lithium-containing electrode materials obtained by ALD is limited. In this article, we demonstrate the ALD of lithium manganese oxide, LixMn2O4, from Mn(thd)3, Li(thd), and ozone. Films were polycrystalline in their as-deposited state and contained less than 0.5 at. % impurities. The chemical reactions between the lithium precursor and the film were found not to be purely surface-limited but to include a bulk component as well, contrary to what is usually found for ALD processes. In addition, we show a process for using Li(thd)/ozone and LiOtBu/water treatments to t...


Many countries of the world are facing the problem of aging population. A notable exception is the countries in Africa. Both fertility and mortality rates are on the decline. Hence, the proportion of aged population in the total population is on the increase. This has serious socio-economic implications. India is not an exception to it. Hence, the book under review has not come a day too soon.


This paper examines the empirical relationship (contemporaneous and causal) between volume and return, and volume and volatility in the light of competing hypothesis about market structure by using daily data of Sensitive Index of the Bombay Stock Exchange. Consistent with mixture of distribution hypothesis, positive contemporaneous relationship between volume and volatility is observed. Causality test further support the sequentially arrival of information hypothesis, which implies that new information is not simultaneously available to all traders and it takes time to absorb, which hampers the price discovery efficiency of the market. In addition, GARCH (1,1) documents small decline in the persistence of variance (volatility clustering) over the time if one includes trading volume as a proxy for information arrivals in the equation of conditional volatility but GARCH effects remain significant, which highlights the inefficiency in the market. Thus, volume provides information on the precision and dispersion of information signals rather than serving as a proxy for the information signal itself.


The forestry industry must rely on scientific and technological progress. But at the same time, there are problems including insufficient investment in forestry, the short of science and technology research and production, year- on- year decline in scientific and technological achievements, as well as the slow progress in forestry science and technology, such as lack of structural reform. To further promote the forestry industry, advances in technology, we must rely on government support and improve the forestry research system, and at the same time through the establishment of Forestry Science and Technology Industrial Park, to develop science and technology characteristics of forestry methods and measures will it be possible to achieve the objectives.


443Background: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of both RCC and AMD. To date, there are no data on an association between AMD and RCC. In the present nested case control study, we aimed to evaluated the association between age-related macular degeneration and RCC risk. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study within a population-representative database from the United Kingdom. Study cases were defined as individuals with any diagnostic code of RCC. For every case, four eligible controls were matched on age, sex, practice site, time, and duration of follow-up. Exposure of interest was diagnosis of AMD prior to cancer diagnosis. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for RCC were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Adjustment was performed for confounders associated with both AMD and RCC such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Furthermore, in a secondary analysis, we evaluated the associa...


Objective
To evaluate the relationship between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and inflammatory responses of patients with non-acute fragile brain function.

Methods
Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes, aged 65-83 yr, weighing 52-85 kg, scheduled for elective lumbar spinal internal fixation under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table method: brain function normal control group (group C) and non-acute fragile brain function group (group F). The blood samples were obtained from the peripheral vein at 30 min before anesthesia induction, at the end of operation and at 2 days after operation to determine the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and C-reactive protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Confusion assessment method was used to assess the development of delirium at 2 days after operation.Mini Mental State Examination was used to assess the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 7 days after operation.

Results
Compared with the baseline at 30 min before anesthesia induction, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and C-reactive protein in plasma were significantly increased at 2 days after operation in two groups (P<0.05). Compared with group C, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and incidence of postoperative delirium were significantly increased at 2 days after operation in group F (P<0.05).

Conclusion
The mechanism of delirium occurred after surgery may be related to inflammatory responses of patients with non-acute fragile brain function.

Key words:
Delirium; Cognition disorders; Inflammation; Fragile brain function


The kinetics of the reaction HCl + ClONO2 → Cl2 + HNO3 were investigated at 298 K using a flow reactor with FTIR analysis to assess the importance of this reaction for stratospheric chemistry. The observed reaction was characteristic of a heterogeneous process; an upper limit of 5 × 10−18 cm³ molecule−1 s−1 was obtained for the homogeneous gas phase rate constant. From calculations of the first order wall rate constant, estimates were made of the reaction rate on stratospheric aerosols. Because both HCl and ClONO2 need to be adsorbed on the particle surface, the reaction will be of negligible importance under most stratospheric conditions.


Recent years have witnessed milestones in Rameau research, including an outstanding biography by Sylvie Bouissou, a richly detailed catalogue raisonné overseen by Bouissou, Denis Herlin, and Pascal Denécheau, substantial progress on a critical edition for which Bouissou serves as general editor, and an invaluable reference dictionary edited by Graham Sadler. Additionally, the year 2014 marked the 250th anniversary of Rameau's death, inspiring international celebrations of the composer. 'Jean-Philippe Rameau: International Anniversary Conference', organized by the editors of this volume, was held at St Hilda's College, Oxford, in September of that year, and The Operas of Rameau: Genesis, Staging, Reception collects papers from the conference pertaining to Rameau's operas (as opposed to his music theories or keyboard music, also represented there). Rameau scholars of a certain age will recall the published acts of the 1983 international colloquium sponsored by the Société Rameau, which summarized a generation of Rameau scholarship while also inspiring more than a few careers along the way. The Operas of Rameau seems poised to take its place in that tradition. The editing is thorough, detailed, and consistent, with all essays translated into English. Essays in the collection have been cross-referenced with each other. A Grovelike checklist of Rameau's operas is placed at the beginning for consultation, including information on numbers of acts, genres, librettists, premieres, and publication. The collection concludes with a history of Rameau recordings and an annotated discography curated by Patrick Florentin. Separate indexes of dramatic works and proper names are included as well. The essays are divided into four sections: 'Factions and Rivalry', 'Librettos: Gestation, Attributions, Interpretation', 'Borrowings and Creative Renewal', and 'Production, Performance, and Criticism'. The first of these reaches farther than its title suggests; Rameau's biography is, of course, rich in rivalries and claques, which are well summarized in the editors' introduction, but in every case here the scholarship takes us deeper into Rameau's practical relationships with and influences on contemporaries. Francesca Pagani focuses on an anonymous novel from 1735, Mémoires et aventures de monsieur de ***, thought to have been written by Jean Galli de Bibiena, which features a passage praising Rameau. This is noteworthy because most writings from this period were critical of the composer and because this example, by an Italian writer, presents a viewpoint not ordinarily encountered, even including a comparison with the composer Leonardo Vinci. Françoise Escande and Benoît Dratwicki focus on two composers— André Cardinal Destouches and François Collin de Blamont—associated with the musical establishment at the time of Rameau's first opera for the Académie Royale. By the reasoning of the time, commentators were soon referring to both as 'Lullistes', though, as the authors point out, opera had evolved considerably since Lully's time and both composers were innovative, thoughtful musicians in their own right. While drawn into the controversies surrounding Rameau's works, both had good professional relationships with him and continued evolving as musicians, well aware of trends he set in motion. If Destouches and Blamont represent an earlier generation of composers, then Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville, eighteen years younger than Rameau, represents a later one, and Thierry Favier compares the composers' responses to contemporary musical issues, garnering a better sense of the circumstances in which they worked: Mondonville moved deftly through existing institutional networks, while Rameau's career developed largely through public responses to his compositions. The years following the Querelle des bouffons saw the emergence of particular public narratives regarding each composer, Mondonville creating ideal motets, and Rameau, as ever, associated with opera. The second section, on librettos, opens with one of the most far-reaching essays in the collection. Noting Rameau's participation in libertine social gatherings early in his career, Rapha ̈ elle Legrand compares the erotic language in libertine novels by Crébillon fils with that in the composer's divertissements, finding noteworthy similarities. She then suggests ways in which the musical


Summary: We determined the efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation in reducing seizure frequency. Subjects were 24 people with epilepsy attending an urban neurology clinic. The experimental design consisted of an 8‐week baseline period, a treatment period of six sessions of progressive relaxation training (PRT, n = 13) or quiet sitting (QS, n = 11) and an 8‐week follow up. In the PRT group, 11 subjects reported a decrease in seizure frequency (p < 0.01), and in the QS group, 7 reported a decrease (p > 0.05). The mean decrease in seizure frequency was 29% for the PRT group (p < 0.01) but only 3% for the QS group (p > 0.05). This is the fifth recent report of a controlled study documenting the success of progressive relaxation therapy in seizure reduction. PRT is inexpensive and noninvasive and facilitates patient participation. Such a technique should be incorporated into clinical practice.


By pedigree selection through twelve years, "Gandamai 1"a new black barley variety was bred. "Gandamai 1" possesses black spike, awn and seed, big grain, early maturity and high resistance to powdery mildew and head blight, its seed contains rich nutrient composition and element selenium, the most quality indexes of its malt are up to good grade of national standard for malt products, thus this variety is a kind of ideal material for the production of good quality beer.


The physical characteristics of speech, the methods of speech masking measurement, and the effects of noise on speech communication are investigated. Topics include the speech signal and intelligibility, the effects of noise on intelligibility, the articulation index, and various devices for evaluating speech systems.


The predominance of the non-sporulating anaerobic bacteria in the flora of the human intestinal tract has been repeatedly shown by the investigations of Eggerth and Gagnon (1933), Weiss and Rettger (1937), Misra (1938), and Lewis and Rettger (1940). The pathogenicity of related species has been recorded by Henthorne, Thompson and Beaver (1936), Dack, Dragstedt and Heinz (1937), Dack (1940), Brown ,Williams and Herrell (1941) and others. The difficulties of isolation and subculturing have so limited the study of these anaerobes that their importance is scarcely recognized and certainly not understood. Egg-meat and brain media have been used for the maintenance of stock cultures, but they are not well adapted for the isolation and biochemical studies of these bacteria because of difficulty of manipulation, lack of clarity and extreme complexity. Lewis, Bedell and Rettger (1940) developed a tryptone-glucose-cysteine medium which was useful for isolation and certain


The present study aimed at realizing and developing a scale and a model of English language teachers' pedagogical competence (ELTPC). By reviewing the related literature and adapting Thomas 's (1987) language teacher competence, TESOL (2010) standards of professional EFL teachers, and teaching skills and model of pedagogical competence developed by Olsson, Martensson, and Roxa (2010) resulted in a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire consisting of seven constructs, namely preparation, management, teaching, subject mastery, assessment, attitude, and belief with 87 variables. The questionnaire underwent the scrutiny of experts' opinion and reliability estimates, which resulted in an instrument of 60 variables for the constructs. Next, the constructs were validated with 320 high school English teachers through a principal components analysis carried out via exploratory factor analysis. The result showed the constructs enjoyed high factor loadings, and with seven variables removed from the questionnaire, a 53-variable scale was developed. Finally, a model was developed based on the seven-construct questionnaire of ELTPC. The researcher hopes that English teachers and the educational system monitor, assess, and improve the quality of teaching based on the developed scale and model of ELTPC. of BA (29%), MA candidates (22.5%), MA (36.2%), PhD candidates (6.5%), and PhD holders (5.6%) in the fields of teaching (59.6%), linguistics (11.2%), literature (25.45%), and translation (3.8%). The inter-correlational analysis within constructs shows how the variables within the groups of variables are measuring the same trait. These constructs have been previously classified into groups. As the correlations are approximately high among the constructs based on the results achieved, it is assumed that the variables within the group of variables are measuring the same underlying trait of ELTPC.


The effect of nanosilica, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay on thermal properties of Epikote 828 epoxy polymer was studied. Thermo-mechanical analysis was conducted on three types of nanocomposites which contain 5-25 wt% nanosilica, 0.5-1 wt% MWCNT and 1-5 wt% MMT nanoclay. The effect of nanofillers on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), thermal strain and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the modified and unmodified resins was investigated. It was found that the addition of nanofiller improved the dimensional stability of the polymer. All nanomodified-polymer systems have lower CTE compared to that of the unmodified resin.


Prevalence of all DM forms at pregnant women reaches 3,5 %. The expressed hyperglycemia on early terms of pregnancy can be accompanied by spontaneous abortion, and on later terms premature birth. Pregnancy makes heavier DM current (especially IDDM) and promotes early development of complications retinopathies, a nephropathy and a neuropathy as in itself in a certain degree is a diabetogenic factor. At pregnancy, even at the women who are not suffering from DM, glucose level in plasma on an empty stomach decreases because of its absorption by a placenta and braking gluconeogenesis. In the second half of pregnancy under the influence of placental hormones (the progesterone, an estrogen, prolactin and lactogen) is formed a physiological insulinresistence that also promotes a hyperinsulinemia. Under the influence of placental lactogen amplifies lipolysis. It leads to increase of level of glycerin and free fat acids in plasma and to strengthening ketogenesis. The last circumstance is promoted by action of placental hormones on hepatocytes to mother therefore at the pregnant women suffering from any DM form, the risk of emergence ketoacidosis is high.


Color spaces the term color space is somewhat ambiguous and is sometimes incorrectly used to describe color models. For example, there is no such thing as a single "Y'CbCr color space," although there are plenty of color spaces that make use of an Y'CbCr color model. examples of color spaces are rec. 2020, DCI-p3, rec. 709, and srGB. It's worth noting at this point that rec. 2020 and rec. 709 are international recommendations for television (hence "rec.") that indeed define color gamuts and color models (and thus define a color space), but both standards go beyond that and also define bit depths, frame rates, and resolutions, topics that are beyond the scope of the srGB standard. part of what makes up a color space is the combination of a color model and a color gamut. as previously discussed, the color model defines a mathematical model that describes how colors are represented with numbers. However, the numbers defined by the color model are not meaningful unless mapped to an underlying color gamut and color space. If I say that I am traveling down the freeway at 100 km/h, that number only makes sense if we have clearly defined the length of a kilometer, and the duration of an hour. Without those definitions, the information provided about our velocity is meaningless. Similarly, without having a clearly defined relationship (mapping) between the color model, the available range of colors (the color gamut), and an absolute color space, the end result is completely arbitrary and there is no guarantee that a given set of rGB values will ever look the same across different display devices. arguably, the best way to visualize a color gamut and its relationship to a given color space is through a chromaticity diagram, such as the Figure 1 CIe 1931 chromaticity diagram. the outermost boundary is called the spectral locus (or monochromatic locus), with wavelengths shown in nanometers, The dynamics of digital colors: Part two By Marcus Bengtsson


There is much to admire in H.'s book. Noting that little has been written on women and the feminine in the Greek novel since Egger's groundbreaking dissertation (1990), H. embarks on a systematic study of the construction of the feminine in the novels. What distinguishes H.'s book from other scholarship is her approach, which she calls 'eclectic pluralism, with an often implicit emphasis on historicist methodologies' (p. 10). What this means is that H. starts with the modernist perspective that acknowledges that the complexity of any given topic makes it di ̧cult to comprehend through one theoretical perspective alone (which approach tends to characterize much of classical scholarship). H. cautiously rejects the postmodern position that there is no meta-narrative, no overall 'point' to be made, and seeks to provide a dimensional analysis of the feminine by approaching her topic from a number of perspectives, such as feminist, psychoanalytical, anthropological, psychological, socio-historical, and literary critical. H.'s interdisciplinary orientation provides stimulating reading but is predictably di ̧cult for her to maintain evenly. Nevertheless, this book is the new standard against which scholars in the future will pitch their ideas. Working from a position analogous to the anthropological one that gender is socially constructed, wherein gender categories are mutually constituted, H. contends that a thorough study of the feminine in the Greek novel demands attention to male as well as female characters. She structures her book accordingly. In Chapter 1, after arguing that the novels were not primarily written for a female readership, H. then aims to 'relate gender patterns to larger social structures' taking into account ethnicity, class and sexual orientation. In deploying her theoretical arsenal, H. conscientiously observes contextual propriety. For instance, H. is wary of the feminist strategy that seeks to uncover women's true experience, given that the novel texts are male authored and (mostly) male directed. H. resists interpretations that posit a singular insight applied systematically, and instead shows how such readings reveal only partial truths. In her second chapter, to situate the Greek novel in its literary context, H. traces through classical literature Zeitlin's observation that women in ancient literature seldom act for themselves, suggesting that literary representations of women may say more about male self-positioning and self-deμnition than about reality experienced by women. H. then asserts that novelistic heroines' social agility signiμes not the end of the status quo but a subtle shifting of emphasis from social to personal, a very astute observation. In Chapter 3 she develops this last idea, that the feminine is 'emblematic of the concerns of the dominant social group'. Thus chastity and any power associated with it are abstracted from the female body and attached instead to the sign of femininity. Therefore she perceptively suggests that the debate on readership be recast in terms of 'the competing claims of patriarchal and personal values', a struggle embodied by the heroine. In Chapter 4 H. notes the general inferiority and weakness of the hero in comparison with the heroine in terms of aggressiveness, use of rhetoric, emotional force, and viability in social situations. She explains this phenomenon variously, discerning a general unease in representation of the hero, and acknowledges that the strength of the heroine problematizes the hero's masculinity. In Chapter 5 H. seeks to 90   


Objective:To compare the curative effect of puncture and fistulation and tubation of intine maxillary sinus and puncture of maxillary sinus in treating chronic purulent nasosinusitis.Method:The curative effect and time of the two methods were observed and analyzed.Result:The treatment duration and effect of puncture and fistulation and tubation were good.There were significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion:Puncture and fistulation and tubation is superior to puncture alone of the maxillary sinus in treating chronic purulent nasosinusitis.


THE ORDER Ephemeroptera (mayflies) is small enough (about 2,000 extant species and 170 genera described) to be readily comprehensible to a single worker. Since 1950, I have been engaged with several colleagues in a revision of the higher classification of the order. Some of the results of this study have been published (Edmunds and Traver, 1954a, 1954b, 1959; Edmunds, 1957, 1959). Since outlining my views on higher classification of the Ephemeroptera (Edmunds and Traver, 1954b), new findings have caused me to slightly modify the earlier classification. At the present time I view the mayflies as comprised of five superfamilies and 19 families. Figure 1 illustrates in a necessarily diagrammatic and incomplete way my concept of the relationships among the families. This diagram attempts to present two pieces of information. The lines indicate the most probable origins and communities of origin of the families and the depths of the forks give an indication of the degree of divergence in so far as this is compatible with the first purpose. The depths of the forks also are somewhat related to the time that the groups diverged since there is a general correlation, albeit not absolute, between the amount of morphological divergence and the time of the origin of a group. Such diagrams commonly have been called phylogenetic trees, but some authors prefer to limit this term either to diagrams based in part on knowledge of fossil forms which give direct evidence of ancestral connections of the various branches or to those based on fossils which allow the times at which the groups arose to be precisely determined. Either of these restrictions would effectively preclude any phylogenetic tree of the Ephemeroptera; the fossils are largely wing prints only, and the study of wings alone yields only a distorted view of mayfly relationships. I view these as excessive restrictions of the use of the term phylogeny. Although fossil mayflies have aided in determining homologies of wing veins and in ascertaining which characters are primitive, they have been of little value in determining relationships of extant forms. Except for those assignable to extant families, evidence is inadequate to place the fossils in the present classification and probable phylogenetic tree. After establishing and diagramming the probable relationships as in Figure 1, the problem remains of applying the taxonomic hierarchies to the various levels of differentiation and constructing a useful classification consistent with this interpretation of phylogeny. The extant mayflies form a distinctive and isolated order of insects, so that the taxonomic hierarchy to be applied falls clearly below the ordinal level. In these circumstances, I have felt that if the levels of the highly utilitarian hierarchies of genus and family are established by practical and definable criteria, other tax-


70 % of all passing violations of brain blood circulation are the share of the vertebralno-bazilyarny pool and 30 % of strokes. Passing violations of brain blood circulation (harbingers of a heart attack of a brain) in beliefs-tebralno-bazilyarnom the pool happen by 3 times more often than in carotid. Nakrusheniya blood circulations in stem formations of a brain in 65 % of cases are caused by pathology of extra cranial departments of pozkvonochny arteries which are available to expeditious intervention necessary in much cases. The purpose of this message is studying of the remote results of surgical treatment of patients with vertebro-bazilyarny vascular insufficiency. Surgeries on vertebral arteries are made in single clinics. Therefore many aspects of surgery of vertebral arteries remain insufficiently studied. Authors have a wide experience on surgical treatment of different forms of vertebro-bazilyarny vascular insufficiency. Since 1964 more than 900 operations are made. The remote results of treatment of 270 patients operated in 1995-2011 are analyzed. It is proved that variety of the pathogenetic factors causing the combined and combined violations of blood circulation of a brain, one-stage or stage-by-stage interventions need to liquidate both on vertebrata, and on carotids. Integrated approach in diagnostics of violations of the vertebro-bazilyarny blood circulation, the differentiated choice of the surgical interventions, adequate operational monitoring of a functional condition of a brain and its reliable protection during operation, allowed authors to receive recovery in 24,1 % and improvement of a condition of patients in 73,4 % of cases. The greatest regress of neurologic symptomatology is noted at patients with passing violations of brain blood circulation.


Camless engine operation offers potential benefits for making a high-performance engine. Control of the peak value of engine valve lift is a critical step in achieving these benefits. Nonlinearities and parameter variations in the valvetrain dynamics restrict the performance that can be achieved by the traditional PID feedback control approach. An adaptive control algorithm is presented with judicious selection of the model structure, adaptation parameters, and controller configuration. The experimental results demonstrate superior transient and steady state performance.


The bottom seeded fluxothermal (BSFT) high-temperature solution growth technique was used to grow Pb(Zn/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/ (PZN) relaxor crystals. During the process, the seed was held in a cold spot of a Pt crucible having a relatively high temperature gradient. The method can separate the perovskite and pyrochlore phases, decrease the spontaneous nucleation, and increase the thermodynamic driving force resulting in larger crystals than those obtained by conventional slow-cooling techniques. The BSFT technique also can improve the quality of the structural and morphological characteristics, which has been demonstrated by visual observation, x-ray diffraction, Raman, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), and IR absorption measurements. These PZN crystals have less distortion in the unit cell, high optical transparency in the 390 nm-5700 nm range, and improved Pb-related stoichiometry.


The article is devoted to the study of some aspects of the Buryats' tra-ditional culture of Prebaikalia. On the basis of the published sources and eth-nographic field materials, the features and origin of the semi-nomadic tradition that existed among the Western Buryats until the middle of the XX century are considered.


Vision, 15, 4 (2011): 387–399 was colluding with the union; the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for neutralizing some interfering Board members; the ministry for replacing its nominee who was encroaching upon the CMD's role; and the finance minister for hedging political pressure against the bank logo. His dominant stance was to confront, but only after diagnosing a problem in order to prioritize his interventions. He realized that complicated problems take time to resolve by carefully calibrated sequential steps. In Meerut, for example, he took up streamlining the placement procedure and curbing the cases of employees indiscipline by sidetracking the officers' association; but in Kolkata, he tended to '...build bridges with the unions and staff, understand them, and repose trust, and most importantly, exercise patience...' (p. 48) by first meeting their long-pending grievances before persuading them to accept unpalatable decisions. Whenever necessary, he made emotionally compelling appeals or nostalgically reminded employees of the great heritage of the bank. Once he had the power and authority of the CMD, he fired on all cylinders. He kept the Board in confidence; galvanized the general managers (GMs) through every morning meetings; hired consultants for upgrading technology; and launched time-bound projects for involving employees in serving customers and doubling the business. He expanded and streamlined international operations; established a cell in his own secretariat with an officer accountable for regular monitoring and timely execution of crucial projects as well as for reaching out employees in distress; and even publically reprimanded those who did not meet his expectations. Dr Khandelwal mentions towards the end of the book, his constant 'haunting' experience of isolation, humiliation, prejudice, anger, self-doubt, pessimism and so on, which he controlled by his deep reflection and inner strength (p. 362). I wish Dr Khandelwal had weaved them in his story as he went on handling difficult situations by sharing how his inner thoughts and outer behaviour interacted to render him so successful. Occasionally, he referred to three major constraints that he was able to handle reasonably well. They were: the bureaucracy that demotivated employees and depleted customer care; soft work culture of compromising bank's interests and employees' merit with favouring personally loyal people (apane log); and the union, particularly officers' association, which interfered in Industrial Relations and HR functions. However, there is no cognizance that his success probably was partly due to their losing shine in the post-liberalization milieu. Earlier in 1989–1990, one of his predecessors, Dr A.C. Shah had to have a partnership with the employees union and officers' association that resulted into turning over the negative net worth of `760 million into a positive net worth of `1,720 million in just one year. The partnership involved measures such as transfer, posting, training and promotion, which later on proved to be a bone of contention for proper HR functions. This leads one to wonder about the fallout or reversal of this transformation process in the post-2008 period. But this is an agenda for the next investigation. There are avoidable repetitions and unnecessary use of bullets that could have reduced the volume of the book. But that is a minor irritation compared to its immense value to students, teachers, researchers and practising managers for gaining a comprehensive understanding of organizational development in India.


"Since the mid-nineties, Mexico has engaged in a competitive insertion process threatening the future of small family farms, which constitute the core of the national agricultural sector. Based on a survey of 320 rural households, this paper focuses on the reconfigurations of family economic organizations. It examines the structure and distribution of household incomes, drawing upon the hypothesis of a trimodal change in the forms of market insertion proposed by the World Bank in its 2008 World Development Report: agricultural specialization through integration in global value chains; diversification of rural activities, both on and off farm; and an exit option through migration. The paper particularly looks at how public transfer programs supporting rural households influence the reorganization of household activities, as well as the socio-spatial differentiation dynamics related to the competitive insertion process. "


This paper systematically discusses content requirements,evaluation procedure and evaluation methods of the social impact assessment of construction projects.The overall ideas and approaches of social impact assessment have been proposed,combined with examples of highway construction projects,a reference value of the evaluation process,methods and preventive measures,measures to reduce social risks have been proposed,based on the analysis and evaluation of social effects,social adaptability analysis and social risk and countermeasures analysis and etc.


Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood capillaries, and it is important for physiological processes such as growth and development and pathological conditions such as tumor growth and metastasis. Angiogenesis inhibition is considered very useful in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family approximately consists of 28 zinc- dependent content endopeptidase which degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and play an important role on angiogenesis development and tumor metastasis. Therefore, inhibition of MMPs prevents the angiogenesis. The expression and levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is increased in many human tumors, including ovarian, breast and prostate tumors. In this study, cytotoxic effects of (Z)-3-((5-(benzylthio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)imino)-5-haloindolin-2- one derivatives 1a-1l were evaluated in MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell line by MTT assay. Then, the potency of the tested of some synthesized compounds was evaluated on supernatants activities and levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by gelatin zymography and ELISA methods. Among the tested compounds, 1j, 1l and 1k had the greatest cytotoxicity against MCF- 7 cell line compared to the positive (sunitinib) and negative (DMSO) controls. Moreover, our observations indicated that the compounds 1j, 1l and 1k decreased the supernatants activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 more than others and all of the tested compounds considerably decreased the supernatants levels of MMP-9. Finally, our findings suggest that the tested derivatives are probably able to inhibit macromolecules like MMPs which have essential role in angiogenesis pathway.


We investigated the relationship between exercise‐induced bronchospasm (EIB) and specific IgEs for seasonal (S‐IgE) and perennial (P‐IgE) allergens. The study, outside the main pollen season, was conducted on 289 20–year‐old soldiers, who completed a self‐administered questionnaire. A total of 289 subjects had S‐lgE and P‐IgE measured. The population was divided into subjects with (n‐ 166) and without (n = 123) history of atopic diseases (HAD). Twenty‐three of 289 subjects (8%) had asthma, 70 289 (24%) allergic rhinitis, and 92/289 (32%) atopic siblings. Measured EIB was found in 17/289 subjects (6%). They had significantly higher levels of S‐IgE and P‐IgE than those without measured EIB (respectively, P ≤0.01 and p ≤0.05). The odds ratios of having EIB were significantly increased in the entire population in relationship with an increase in both S‐IgE and P‐IgE (chi‐square test for trend 9.4 and 12.7, P ≤0.002 and 0.001. respectively). Interestingly, this highly significant relationship remained true when considering only the no HAD group (chi‐square test = 7.4 and 8.8. P ≤0.006 and 0.003, respectively). Outside the pollen season. EIB was highly related to the level of both specific seasonal and perennial IgEs in the total population and in the subjects without HAD. This suggests that even in young adults who have been asymptomatic throughout their life EIB appears to be closely linked to seasonal or perennial allergic diathesis as measured by specific IgEs.


This article explores the effects of 3-D antenna radiation pattern and backhaul constraint on optimal 3-D path planning problem of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), in interference prevalent downlink cellular networks. We consider a cellular-connected UAV that is tasked to travel between two locations within a fixed time, and it can be used to improve the cellular connectivity of ground users by acting as a relay. Since the antenna gain of a cellular base station changes significantly with the UAV altitude, the UAV can improve the signal quality in its backhaul link by changing its height over the course of its mission. This problem is nonconvex, and thus, we explore the dynamic programming technique to solve it. We show that the 3-D optimal paths can introduce significant network performance gain over the trajectories with fixed UAV heights.


One rather simple and straightforward way of interpreting a poverty measure is in terms of the ratio of the vector distance between, one the one hand, an actual distribution of incomes and an ideal distribution without any poverty, to the vector distance between a distribution representing complete poverty and the no-poverty distribution, on the other. One can derive alternative poverty measures, with alternative sets of properties, for alternative specifications of the relevant distance function. In this paper, two families of poverty measures have been derived, pursuing this 'distance function interpretation' of a poverty measure. One family is based on the Minkowski distance functions of order a, and the other family is based on a generalization of the Canberra distance function. The properties of these families of indices are reviewed, and their relationship with poverty measures that have already been advanced in the literature is identified. The paper aims to advance both a useful interpretation and a useful addition to the stock of known poverty measures.


The operation of a concurrent lighting system using LED luminaires is based on the detection of individual road users, the recognition of their lighting needs and adjusting the operating state of the individual lighting devices that make up the system to the expectations of each user. The luminaire's lighting divided into three independently controlled parts allows reducing electrical energy consumption up to 33% in comparison to a conventional concurrent road lighting system.


In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved l-glutamine (USAN, glutamine) for the prevention of acute vaso-occlusive pain events in persons with sickle cell disease who are older than 5...


The location of ultralow‐frequency (ULF) quasi‐monochromatic wave onset upstream of Venus bow shock is explored using Venus Express magnetic field data. We report the existence of a spatial foreshock boundary behind which ULF waves are present. We have found that the ULF wave boundary at Venus is sensitive to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction like the terrestrial one and appears well defined for a cone angle larger than 30°. In the Venusian foreshock, the inclination angle of the wave boundary with respect to the Sun‐Venus direction increases with the IMF cone angle. We also found that for the IMF nominal direction (θBX = 36°) at Venus' orbit, the value of this inclination angle is 70°. Moreover, we have found that the inferred velocity of an ion traveling along the ULF boundary is in a qualitative agreement with a quasi‐adiabatic reflection of a portion of the solar wind at the bow shock. For an IMF nominal direction at Venus, the inferred bulk speed of ions traveling along this boundary is 1.07 VSW, sufficiently enough to overcome the solar wind convection. This strongly suggests that the backstreaming ions upstream of the Venusian bow shock provide the main energy source for the ULF waves.


In 1910 Garbat and Meyer1 published the results of an experimental study of a typhoid immune serum produced in rabbits by repeated injections of typhoid bacilli. These investigators found that rabbits, injected intravenously with killed sensitized typhoid bacilli, developed a serum of higher protective power than the rabbits injected with killed, non-sensitized bacilli. Furthermore, they noticed that the animals endured the sensitized better than the non-sensitized bacilli and


The investigation described in this communication had for its primary object the production of formaldehyde or methyl alcohol. In this aim we have been so far unsuccessful, but our results have led to the discovery of an action, Apart from theoretical interest the method would appear to have important technical possibilities, either as a means of producing pure methane is formed from water-gas than by other methods. In order to make clear the course of the action about to be described it will be well briefly to enumerate some of the known interactions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen on the one hand, and of the former gas and steam on the other.


The behaviour of the paradise fish in the presence of either a living pike or catfish or various dummies or a catfish equipped with a pair of artificial big eyes was studied. Analyzing the first encounter two separate periods of the predator recognition process could be identified. The primary form of the antipredatory reaction was orientation (looking at the object while keeping a constant eye and body position) which was elicited by any fish-like bodies but not by bare eyes without a body. During orientation the presence of pike or catfish equipped with artificial eyes or a dummy with horizontal eyes elicited fin erecting display. This reaction was sporadic in the presence of a normal catfish which has very small eyes. The biological significance of this separate organization of exploration is discussed.


A digital implementation of the near-field filters used in Higher Order Ambisonics may introduce some problems with numerical precision and stability. This is due to the fact that these filters mainly operate at the very low end of the audio range. This technical note documents a simple practical solution to this problem, and introduces a set of C++ classes implementing the filters up to fourth order.


Cryptographic Encryption is a method, for the protection of useful information so that only those for whom it is intended can read and process it. Numerous applications are there which require the rapid and strong security against the unauthorized users. For example, securing Military related information, securing sensitive online transactions, securing online transmission of data for real time applications like stock market apps, electronic mails or data transmission of social applications and online personal photograph albums like applications demand for the high security as these are stored and transmitted throughout the internet. The image Encryption is one of the techniques used for alteration of the images into faint form so that the image cannot be seen by the prohibited person. In this paper we explore the Novel Hybrid technique to encrypt image by following the concept of Rubik Cube encryption phenomenon (stream cipher) and combine it with block cipher.


Objective To study the antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of An 'erning granules. Methods The antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of An'erning granules were evaluated in the yeast-induced rat fever model and acetic acid-induced mouse inflammation model by acetic acid-induced writhing test. Results Compared with the model group,the yeast-induced increase in body temperature was significantly less in An'erning granules medium and high dose groups 2h after treatment(P0.01),and the antipyretic effect lasted for at least 4h,but An'erning granules did not exert the antipyretic effect in a dose-dependent manner. The peritoneal fluid Evans blue contents were(2.7±0.5),(10.4±2.2),(7.3±3.0),(7.4±1.7),and(5.2±1.3)μg·mL-1 in control group,model group,An'erning granules low,medium,and high dose groups,respectively. Within 15 minutes,the writhing times were(33.8±13.4),(28.0±13.1),(20.5±5.0),and(18.2±7.9) in the control group,An'erning Granules low,medium and high dose groups,respectively. Conclusion An'erning granules had antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.


Objective: To investigate the contemporary college students' internet use and gender differences in the effect of network ethics. Methods: Using cluster random sampling method,382 male and 644 female students were included; The chi square and multiple correspondence analysis were used to compare gender differences of college students in network utilization and network ethics. Results: Male and female college students had differences in internet use,internet addiction symptoms,the attitude of the network events,assessment,and network ethics. Conclusion: According to the gender differences of college students,targeted network ethical education could be taken in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of moral education in college students.


Purpose: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants can cause interruptions to nephrogenesis and result in functional renal loss. Serum Creatinine (S.Cr), although a useful marker for the diagnosis of AKI, is not reliable in monitoring ongoing renal dysfunction due to the lack of normal baseline values. On the other hand, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a better measure of ongoing renal dysfunction as it represents S.Cr values in relation to height and age dependent constant values. Effect of early injury to …


Abstract We consider a class of nonlinear stationary Schrödinger-type equations and we are concerned with sufficient properties that guarantee the existence of multiple solutions in a suitable Sobolev space with variable exponents. We first establish that in the case of small perturbations, the problem admits at least two weak solutions. Next, in the case of convexconcave nonlinearities, we obtain conditions for the existence of infinitely many solutions with high (resp., small) energies. The arguments combine variational techniques with a careful analysis of the energy levels.


Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a non-traditional process, which can cut materials with a high melting point, high hardness, high strength, and low brittleness. However, the kerosene (dielectric of EDM) produces aerosols and toxic gases at high temperatures, which seriously affect the health of operators and air quality. This means that it is not conducive to the green manufacturing and sustainable development of EDM. In this study, thereafter, sunflower seed oil (SSO) and kerosene were used as dielectrics of EDM for machine SKD11, and the machining performance of the two dielectrics under different current, duty ratio, pulse duration and electrodes were comparatively analyzed, such as material remove rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), energy efficiency per volume (EEV) and exhaust emissions characteristics (EEC). This investigation found that the minimum value of EEV in SSO was 0.3879 kJ/mm3, which was about 25% lower than the minimum value of 0.4849 kJ/mm3 in kerosene. The emission rate of Cu electrode in SSO was 62.017 µg/min, which was lower than that in 78.857 µg/min, decreasing by about 21.36%, in kerosene. In addition, a super depth of field optical micro-scope was subsequently used in the experiments to observe the diameter of the debris. The results indicated that SSO has a larger proportion of debris of more than 35 µm in diameter. Therefore, SSO can be adopted as a substitute for kerosene dielectric to improve the sustainability of electrical discharge machining and realize green manufacturing.


This paper suggests new variants of Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)Techniques for Network Routing. There are three existing variants of ACO based on pheromone deposit calculation. In our earlier work we suggested three different heuristics for selecting the next node at each step of iteration. Incorporation of these heuristics in each of the above three variants result into nine variations. In this paper the performance of these nine variations have been studied. Moreover, we have modified the pheromone deposit calculation considering the transmission time of each successful packet(ant) and incorporated this new pheromone update formula in each of the nine variants. As a result, we have obtained nine new variants of ACO. The performance of these new nine variants have been compared with previous ones with respect to the speed of execution, throughput and the number of successful packets. In this paper it has been observed that the new variations of ACO have outperformed the previous. These new variants can perform efficient network routing in an environment having variable transmission time along the paths due to congestion or poor link quality.


Lattice paths are ubiquitous in combinatorics and algorithmics, where they are either studied per se, or as a convenient encoding of other structures. Logically, they play an important role in Philippe's papers. For instance, they are central in his combinatorial theory of continued fractions, to which Chapter 3 of this volume is devoted. In this chapter, we present a collection of seven papers written by Philippe on lattice paths: they deal respectively with one-dimensional paths [4, 6], with models of self-avoiding polygons [34, 10, 9], and with two algorithmic questions where paths describe the evolution of an algorithm [32, 22].


Abstract : The report presents nomographic methods developed to graphically represent the various functional relationships between three or more parameters interrelated by equations. Also included are methods developed to vary both the form and the size of given nomographs. These developments were based on colinear techniques.


ABSTRACT Background : Free radicals and antioxidant were widely discussed in world of health because most of the diseases were initiated by presence of oxidation reaction in the body. The process of free radical formation could be inhibited by the presence of antioxidant. Antioxidant was a compound that can protect the biological system in the body. Research Purpose : This research aimed to analyze the potential of fruits and seeds of Morinda citrifolia L . as antioxidant which could counteract free radicals using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Research Method: This research used experimental method with post test only control design. The research was located in Integrated Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Laboratory of Faculty of Pharmacy of Halu Oleo University. Samples of this research were fruit and seed ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia L .which were taken in West Kendari, Kendari City. The independent variables from this research were fruit ethanol extract and seed ethanol extract of cheese fruit and dependent variable was antioxidant potential. Potential and antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) were tested by measuring DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) uptake using a spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) was analyzed using a linear regression equation. Research Result: The result of this research showed that there was a color changing of DPPH from purple to yellow on fruits ethanol extract and seeds ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia L . and had antioxidant activity about IC 50 398,99 ppm and 401,37 ppm, respectively. Conclusion : Conclusion from this research reveal ed that fruit ethanol extract and seed ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia L .has weak antioxidant activity. Keywords : Antioxidant activity, DPPH method, IC 50 , Morinda citrifolia L.


ABSTRACT Hydrate formation and wax deposition in submarine pipelines hinder the transportation of oil and gas. Pigging operation is an important means to ensure pipeline flow assurance. In this paper, the idea of coiled tubing (CT) intervening in hydrate and wax removal of underwater pipeline is put forward, and the feasibility of this method is discussed from the point of view of the ultimate extension capacity of coiled tubing. To this end, theoretical analyses and experimental tests are performed on the mechanical behaviour of coiled tubing in submarine pipelines. The present paper mainly analyses the axial force transfer characteristic of coiled tubing with different sizes and the contact force coefficient values of coiled tubing with fixed and loaded end conditions under different boundary conditions. Besides, the effects of CT size and friction coefficient on the reachable depth of hydrate or wax plugs removal are also studied and the obtained maximum depth of the CT inlet is compared with the total length of the five-segment centreline of the South China Sea submarine pipelines. The results show that CT can further achieve more plug removal as the reduction of friction coefficient, while the depth of plug removal reduces with the decrease of CT size. CTs only with limited sizes can be used to complete the plug removal process in submarine pipelines.


n the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938) the main focal points for social access to medicine were the external activities of medical and social workers, operating outside the framework of the traditional curative institutions. It was hoped that the interconnection between curative and preventative medical care consequent on the creation of such institutions would ensure unity, and enable society to cope efficiently with the demographic disaster caused by the First World War and later exacerbated by the economic depression in the 1920s/1930s. In the modern era – at the time of democratisation and collectivisation of the productive and social life – neither the conventional work of family doctors nor the activities of traditional hospitals could cope adequately with social illnesses. They could not keep up to date with discoveries of science and make efficient use of them. I


Physical acquisition of high-resolution hyperspectral images (HR-HSI) has remained difficult, despite its potential of resolving material-related ambiguities in vision applications. Deep hyperspectral image fusion, aiming at reconstructing an HR-HSI from a pair of low-resolution hyperspectral image (LR-HSI) and high-resolution multispectral image (HR-MSI), has become an appealing computational alternative. Existing fusion methods either rely on hand-crafted image priors or treat fusion as a nonlinear mapping problem, ignoring important physical imaging models. In this paper, we propose a novel regularization strategy to fully exploit the spatio-spectral dependency by a spatially adaptive 3D filter. Moreover, the joint exploitation of spatio-spectral regularization and physical imaging models inspires us to formulate deep hyperspectral image fusion as a differentiable optimization problem. We show how to solve this optimization problem by an end-to-end training of a model-guided unfolding network named DHIF-Net. Unlike existing works of simply concatenating spatial with spectral regularization, our approach aims at an end-to-end optimization of iterative spatio-spectral regularization by multistage network implementations. Our extensive experimental results on both synthetic and real datasets have shown that our DHIF-Net outperforms other competing methods in terms of both objective and subjective visual quality.


Very limited information is available for Bosnia showing the occurrence of TBE

Even though there have been some elder case reports in the northern parts of the country, including alimentary infections, details have not been published.

In early 1996 United States military forces were deployed to Bosnia as part of Operation Joint Endeavor. Only 4 (0.42%) unvaccinated individuals, all males, demonstrated a 4-fold seroconversion. All 4 seemingly were infected with TBE virus (or a closely-related variant) during their 6–9-month deployment period in Bosnia, but did not report with symptoms to any health care provider.


. The aim of the study is to describe the structure, composition and interaction of the lexical units of the lexical - semantic field "Food" in Ernest Hemingway's novel "The Sun Also Rises" using the example of the microfield "Alcoholic drinks of plant origin". The scientific novelty lies in the fact that field studies of vocabulary with the semantics of food by the material of E. Hemingway's work "The Sun Also Rises" are carried out for the first time. As a result, on the basis of pre - selected vocabulary, the lexical - semantic field "Food" was built in Ernest Hemingway's novel "The Sun Also Rises". The microfield "Alcoholic drinks of plant origin" was examined more closely, the place of this microfield in the structure of the lexical semantic field "Food" was indicated, and differential features were identified, on the basis of which lexical units can be divided within the microfield. микрополе


Objective To study the improved index finger dorsal island flap for primary repair of thumb tip injury.Methods Between January 2009 and February 2010,23 patients with thumb tip injury were treated.There were 17 males and 6 females,aged 21-47 years(mean,27.5 years).The causes of injury were mechanical injury in 18 cases and heavy crushing injury in 5 cases.The time from injury to operation was 2.5-5.0 hours(mean,3.5 hours).The defect locations included ulnar palmar defect in 5 cases,dorsal foot defect in 6 cases,radial palmar defect in 8 cases,and radial dorsal defect in 4 cases.All patients complicated by exposure of the thumb distal phalanx.The wound area varied from 2.1 cm × 1.8 cm to 2.8 cm × 2.5 cm.According to distal soft tissue defect of thumb,a modified index finger dorsal island flap was designed,key point of which was moved forward,and defects were repaired with the flaps.The size of flap was 2.3 cm × 2.0 cm to 3.0 cm × 2.7 cm.The donor sites were repaired with skin graft.Results All the flaps and grafts survived after operation and the wounds healed by first intention.All patients were followed up 6-12 months with an average of 6.4 months.The appearance and texture of the flaps were excellent.At last follow-up,the sensation of the flaps recovered to S3+ in 18 cases,to S3 in 2 cases,and to S2 in 3 cases.The two-point discrimination was 3-4 mm.Thumb opposition function was normal without contracture at the first web space.The skin graft at the donor site survived completely,and the metacarpophalangeal joint at donor site had the flexion and extension function.Conclusion Using a modified index finger dorsal island flap for primary repair thumb tip injury is a simple operation,which has good blood supply and high survival rate.When the pedicle flap rotation point is moved forward 10 mm or more,it can meet the needs of repairing thumb tip defect.


The accurate measurement of dose rate is the key issues to obtain reliable ESR age.In this article,we used X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine the U,Th,K content of the fluvial sediments.And the standard working curves were established using the national rock reference material.Setting the lower X-ray power and the matrix effect,U,Th,K content in the fluvial sediment were investigated.The results show that the method recovery rate of U and Th is less than 15 %.Comparing with the measurement data from the α-counting and Atomic Spectrometry analysis,the dose rate difference is less than 5 %.It shows that the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry method can fit for the requirement for obtaining the U,Th,K content of fluvial sediment for ESR dating.


The present invention relates to a screw holder for minimal invasive surgery provided with a joint and a minimal invasive surgery apparatus using the same, including: a holder body that has two penetrated ends; a holder unit including an attachment and detachment portion pivotally coupled to an end portion of the holder body and coupled to a head portion of a screw fixed to a vertebra; an alignment unit placing an upper portion of the holder unit on a straight line by simultaneously clamping an upper portion of each holder body coupled to each of a plurality of the head portions; and an insertion unit formed on one side of the alignment unit and inserting an arc-shaped rod corresponding to the radius of a lordosis formed by a lumbar portion of vertebrae of a surgery object through a plurality of the attachment and detachment portions. According to the present invention, the head portion of each of the screws fixed to a relatively large number of vertebrae can be quickly and easily fixed all at the same time by the single rod corresponding to the lordosis of the surgery object.


In These days it would indeed be a hardy soul who professed to be able to solve the problems of the criticism of modern art. Yet possibly the time has come to ask certain questions concerning it whose answers may ultimately lead to a clearer idea of the true nature of painting during the last half century. Since it is the more advanced work which has called forth the greater amount of discussion, the emphasis here will be upon the writing concerned with it.


The death of Peter Borsay towards the end of last year was both untimely and unexpected. In him we have lost one of the finest historians of eighteenth-century urban Britain and an exceptionally generous, constructive and collegial friend. Peter's academic career began at Lancaster where, as he would later recount, his ambition to study the industrial revolution was thwarted by Harold Perkin taking study leave, forcing him to study Geoffrey Holmes' special subject on Augustan England instead. An undergraduate dissertation on the rebuilding of Warwick after the fire of 1694 led to a Ph.D. on the revival of the economic and cultural fortunes of English towns in the century following the Restoration – the phenomenon for which he coined the term the English urban renaissance. In 1975, years before the Ph.D. was completed, Peter secured a post as lecturer at the University of Wales Lampeter. At Lampeter, Peter met Anne Howard, a historian of medicine: their marriage was a partnership that was both personal and academic, finding common ground in the fertile territory of Bath's medical and social history. Peter stayed at Lampeter until 2007 when he was appointed to a chair in history at Aberystwyth. Following his retirement in 2018, Peter implemented long-held plans to move to Oxford to be nearer his daughters Clare and Sarah. It is a great sadness that his time in Oxford proved to be so short. Peter was one of the few historians who manage to transform the way in which a period or a problem is conceptualized. The English Urban Renaissance drew attention for the first time to the remarkable vitality of urban provincial life in both its built form and its social and cultural manifestations, ranging from the performing arts and intellectual life to assembly balls, walks and sports. In 2014, the Centre for Urban History at Leicester organized a colloquium to mark 25 years since its publication and invited contributors to reflect on how the concept has evolved and how it has been extended and applied to other contexts beyond England – not just within the British Isles but also in Europe and in Colonial America. The colloquium began with a typically self-deprecating evaluation by Peter of how the monograph had developed over a 17-year period and the influences that had shaped it. It is, in fact, a sharply perceptive commentary on the evolution of the historiography


In this paper, we consider the problem of prescribing scalar curvature on n-sphere. Assume that the candidate curvature function $f$, which is allowed to change sign, satisfies some kind of Morse index or symmetry condition. By studying the well-known scalar curvature flow, we are able to prove that the flow converges to a metric with the prescribed function $f$ as its scalar curvature.


In this paper, thermal effects in double-end pumped Nd:YVO4 laser crystal have been investigated. The analytical expression for temperature distribution and thermo-optic effects such as temperature-dependent change of refractive index (dn/dT effect) and end effect have been calculated and the results then applied to Nd:YVO4 crystal., Our analytical model compared with exact numerical calculations and good consistency has been shown.

 Key words: Double end pumped, thermo-optic effects, Nd:YVO4 crystal.


Numerical program and operation is a major course in secondary vocational school.It is pure theoretical teaching make it difficult for students to understand.With the development of computer technology,numerical control process imitation system is becoming more and more perfect.It is playing a very important part in teaching and has greatly improved the teaching result.As a result,it has turned the theoretical class into a muti-medium one by using the numerical control process imitation system software on a computer,and make the looring lesson interesting by technical operation.


Recently, advances in person re-identification (Re-ID) has benefitted from use of the popular multi-branch network. However, performing feature learning in a single branch with uniform partitioning is likely to separate meaningful local regions, and correlation among different branches is not well established. In this article, we propose a novel harmonious multi-branch network (HMBN) to relieve these intra-branch and inter-branch problems harmoniously. HMBN is a multi-branch network with various stripes on different branches to learn coarse-to-fine pedestrian information. We first replace the uniform partition with a horizontal overlapped partition to cover meaningful local regions between adjacent stripes in a single branch. We then incorporate a novel attention module to make all branches interact by modeling spatial contextual dependencies across branches. Finally, in order to train the HMBN more effectively, a harder triplet loss is introduced to optimize triplets in a harder manner. Extensive experiments are conducted on three benchmark datasets — DukeMTMC-reID, CUHK03, and Market-1501 — demonstrating the superiority of our proposed HMBN over state-of-the-art methods.


In situ current-voltage (I-V) analyses of Pt/n-Si (100) Schottky barrier (SB) diode are carried out during 100 MeV Ni+7 ion beam irradiation. The effect of MeV ion beam on the electrical parameters like ideality factor (η) and SB height (SBH) (φB) of SB diode is investigated. For lower fluences, SBH decreases from its preradiation value, but there is almost no change in SBH for ion fluences ranging from 5×1011 to 1×1013 ions/cm2. The reverse current is increased by about two orders of magnitude at the fluence of 5×1013 ions/cm2 which corresponds to an exposure of a few tens of years in low earth orbit. The radiation-induced diffusion of Schottky metal into the semiconductor and creation of trap centers at the metal-semiconductor interface are supposed to be the most plausible mechanisms for these deviations in SB diode characteristics.


Vitamins are generally acted as catalysts, helping the body to perform a multitude of functions that are essential to life. Vitamins are organic compounds representing a minor fraction in the diet; but are essential for numerous metabolic pathways and physiological functions towards good health, normal growth and functions of cells in all animals. Based on solubility, the vitamins are differentiated as fat soluble (A, D, E and K) and water soluble (B-Complex and C). Aquatic animals are good dietary source for these vitamins. The hepatic reserves of vitamins in aquatic animals are much more compared to mammals and birds. Since, the vitamins cannot be synthesized by the tissue, these have to be obtained only from food. The absence of a particular vitamin leads to serious metabolic disorders, which are properly referred to as avitominosis. Even though vitamins are plenty in marine animals but limited studies are available in the edible crab, Podophthalmus vigil. Since P.vigil is consumed by local populations on regular basis. In the present investigation vitamin composition was studied in all sexes of Podophthalmus vigil.


Based on dialectics and psychology etc., rotating dynamics provides an unifying framework for computational creativity by employing differential topology. This paper primarily deals with its concept formation including concept representation in mind, fundamental methods to create a new concept, and their semantics. Particularly, mutation and combination are regarded as two basic ways to format new concepts, on which other complex methods can be constructed. Finally, some examples of rotating dynamics to applications are also illustrated, which show its validity.


Objective: To cultivate normal human oral keratinocytes and lay a foundation for oral tissue-engineered mucosa. Methods: Specimens obtained from a healthy child undergoing oral surgery were dissociated by dispase and trypsin into a single cell suspension. The cells were grown in serum-free medium. Morphological characteristics were studied under light microscope and electron microscope. Results: After 20 days' culture, the monolayer confluent cells of normal human original generation oral keratinocytes were obtained. Conclusion: The culture technique for growing normal human oral keratinocytes has been established.


A group is called an s9I-group if it is locally finite and all its Sylow subgroups areabelian. Kovacs [4] has shown that, for any positive integer e, the class s%e of all s$I-groups of exponent dividing e is a (locally finite) variety. The proof of this relies on the fact that, for any e, there are only finitely many (isomorphism classes of) non-abelian finite simple groups in sWe; and this is a consequence of deep results of Walter and others (see [6]). In [2], Christensen raised the finite basis question for the laws of the varieties s9Ie. It is easy to establish the finite basis property for an s?le which contains no non-abelian finite simple group; and Christensen gave a finite basis for the laws of the variety s9l3O, whose only non-abelian finite simple group is PSL(2,5). Here we prove


Recent social and political changes in Indonesia have had profound impacts on Indonesian society and culture. Among others these changes include: democratization, decentralization or regional autonomy, transparency, and openness of information against the backdrop of globalization. To adapt to the situation, the Indonesian government reorganized its bureaucracy, an exercise that involved changes in structure and systems that would result in modern and efficient bureaucracy. Democratic processes brought two important results: (a) freedom of the press and (b) freedom of expression. These two freedoms provide the opportunity for the increased "transparency" and "accountability" of government practices and decision making, while also opening room for "participatory government". Therefore, these changes became an important source for building trust in government. However, sometimes mass media reporting has gone too far, publishing distorted and incorrect information, with negative results. Freedom of expression in terms of "street demonstration", sometimes have become violent and destructive not only to the peoples' lives but also to the economy. Another result of the "Reformation Era" has been the decentralization process which was started in 2001. With the implementation of decentralization or regional autonomy vide Law No. 22 of 1999, at the beginning of 2001 and subsequently in 2003, the decentralization process changed the political as well as economic life of local society.


The cyclic oxidation, spalling resistance and mechanisms of hot dip aluminizing steel were studied by different diffusion treatment. The results show that, with the diffusion temperament rising and time prolonging, the voids of the diffusion layer continuously increase and a wavy voids zone forms between subsurface layer and transition layer due to the aggregation of voids. The wavy void zone aggregates further into a lineal crack parallel to surface and the internal oxidation occurs in it during high temperament oxidation. Therefore, the cyclic oxidation resistance of hot dip aluminizing steel is controlled both by the internal oxidation and external oxidation of diffusion layer and the formation of voids seriously influences cyclic spalling resistance. The optimum technical parameter is diffusion at 900℃ for 2 hours.


Protection of property rights is a key priority of any rule of law. Ownership in modern legal literature is treated as an institution of civil society, the private Institute for fundamental rights and recognized universal value. The article deals with the problem of development of the concept of property rights, analyzed international standards of legal regulation of property rights, regional mechanisms for the protection of property rights.In the modern period of development of the relevant international legal institution of protection of property rights in the twofold way – as an institution of international human rights and as a factor in the modernization of the National Institute of ownership.Key words: law, property, regional mechanisms, remedies.


are slaughtered for human consumption, and one must embrace in that consideration all grades, from the largest public abattoir to the smallest private slaughterhouse. Abattoirs of a factory type, such as those used by bacon curers should, one feels, be brought completely within the ambit of any scheme of control, such as we are here discussing. If we agree that the flesh and fat of animals play an important part in the nutrition of the human race, both as a source of animal protein-a protein, the biological valm of which stands high among those necessary for the nutrition of the human bodyand as a source of fats which have other merits than merely those associated with combustible energy, then we must regard the slaughter-house, which is the point at which these products first become available to the human being, as one of the most


Previous studies have proposed closed-loop methods to determine one of the vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) parameters based on the feedback of heart rate but never consider the blood pressure. This study develops a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) for a multi-location VNS system, which controls heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) by independently manipulating multiple stimulation parameters in three different locations. Pulsatile and non-pulsatile models of the integrated cardiovascular system and baroreflex regulation are developed to predict the dynamic response of the MAP and HR. The two models are compared and elicit similar dynamics. The NMPC algorithm incorporates the non-pulsatile model and is evaluated by the pulsatile model. Three set point tracking cases are presented and discussed. The performance of NMPC shows the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed control algorithm for the regulation of HR and MAP during multi-location VNS.