Elderly diabetic patients in developed countries have been widely using digital health wearables for many years to manage their diabetes-related health data accurately. To encourage the increased adoption of digital health wearables among elderly diabetic patients in a developing country, Bangladesh, this study investigated the factors that influenced the existing elderly users' continuance intention to use this technology. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been used here as a theoretical basis. A model using structural equation modelling was developed for the elderly diabetic patients' continuance intention to use digital health wearables. Survey-based data were collected in Bangladesh from 223 diabetic patients aged sixty years and older. This study found that all six constructs, namely, perceived usefulness (β = 0.183), perceived ease of use (β = 0.165), perceived irreplaceability (β = 0.138), perceived credibility (β = 0.165), compatibility (β = 0.285) and social influence (β = 0.226) had a positive influence on elderly diabetic patients' continuance intention to use digital health wearables. Along with the theoretical contributions, the findings of this study can be used by developers of digital health wearables, manufacturers, marketers and health practitioners in developing better strategies to increase the elderly diabetic patients' continuance intention to use this technology.


The essay discusses the implementary feasibility and material implement precept andrequest on how to integrate ROHS and WEEE orders and ISO14001 enviornment managementsystem.


We present upper bounds for the probability of the union of events based on the individual probabilities and joint probabilities of pairs. The bounds generalize Hunter's upper bound and can be interpreted as objective function values corresponding to feasible solutions of the dual of the Boolean probability bounding LP. Mathematics subject classification (2000): 90C35, 90C90, 90C05.


BackgroundWe aimed to explore the relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsSerum FGF19 levels and lipid profiles were measured in 200 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The levels of serum FGF19 were measured by ELISA. Lipid profiles were measured by enzymatic analysis. AIP and NAFLD fibrosis scores were calculated.ResultsT2D patients showed a significant decreasing trend of FGF19 concentrations depending on the tertiles of AIP (p for trend < 0.05). Simultaneously, the AIP level was closely related to the serum FGF19 level (p < 0.05). Furthermore, after adjusting for age, sex, duration, BMI, hypertension, and diabetic treatment, the correlation was still significant (p < 0.01), and it remained significant even after further adjusting for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) (p < 0.01). However, when stratified by BMI, AIP was positively correlated with FGF19 in normal-weight and overweight T2D patients but not in obese T2D subjects. After adjusting for sex, age, BMI, duration, hypertension, HbA1c, 2hPG, HOMA-IR, AIP, antidiabetic treatments, NAFLD and NFS via multiple stepwise linear regression, AIP was an independent factor affecting serum FGF19 concentrations (SE = 0.238, β = -0.290, p < 0.01).ConclusionsSerum FGF19 levels might be a good predictor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in T2D patients, especially among non-obese patients; serum FGF19 levels were significantly inversely associated with AIP.


Many of the proposed physiological functions of α-synuclein, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, are related to its ability to interact with phospholipids. To better understand the conformational changes that occur upon membrane binding of monomeric α-synuclein, we performed EPR analysis of 47 singly labeled α-synuclein derivatives. We show that membrane interaction is mediated by major conformational changes within seven N-terminal 11-aa repeats, which reorganize from a highly dynamic structure into an elongated helical structure devoid of significant tertiary packing. Furthermore, we find that analogous positions from different repeats are in equivalent locations with respect to membrane proximity. These and other findings suggest a curved membrane-dependent α-helical structure, wherein each 11-aa repeat takes up three helical turns. Similar helical structures could also apply to apolipoproteins and other lipid-interacting proteins with related 11-aa repeats.


Since the start-up of the Sossego copper concentrator, located in the Carajás Mineral Province in the southeast of Para State, Brazil, the low-grade ore (~0.34% Cu) has been stockpiled, as defined in the long-term mine plan, to be reclaimed at the end of the mine life. Given this imminent need to process around 40 Mt of this low-grade ore, questions have been raised related to the extent of oxidation that might have occurred in this stockpiled ore. In this context, a study was designed to characterize the stockpiled ore and assess the effect of the ore oxidation on its flotation response. A sampling campaign of the stockpiled ore was carried out to analyze the main variables that could influence the level of oxidation, and, consequently, copper recovery, such as stockpiling time, depth, and particle size. The results showed that there are two main factors negatively impacting the copper recovery of the low-grade stockpiled ore: the surface oxidation and the level of liberation of the copper mineral. Depth and period of stockpiling were not found to influence the level of oxidation, nor the flotation response. An empirical model was proposed for the copper recovery in the rougher stage, which resulted in a predicted value of 90.7%, which was lower than that for the fresh (and higher copper content) ore fed to the plant (93%).


The Trianon trauma intensified and deepened Romania n-Hungarian intercultural communication that had been disturbed for historical reasons in the first place. Woundedness of national identities involves the possibility of manipulation on both sides manip ulation, which is dangerous in and by itself. The special situation o f ationalities pushed into minority or diaspora existence demands and yields different strategies of identity-crisis management, diverging identity narratives in life and literature. What directly fo ll ws from such identtiy-crisis management is that intercultural co mmunication undergoes a transformation and, abandoing its forme r patterns, it assumes forms different from the ones before: split cultural identity, conforming renunciation of identity, changed level and intensity of the degree of cultural identification, alienated collec tive identity (collective identity being, perhaps at varience, wi th culture) as well as the individual's alienation from collective identit y. I also talk about colonization of identity, and the phenomena it enta ils, cultural mimicry being one example. These issues posed by a world of such crises of identification will be examined, using re levant and representative literary examples, taking into accou nt also the narrative techniques of presenting identity in lite rature. In discussing literary examples of crisis-laden intercultural com munication – cultural theory, theories of identity, postcolonial theory, and narrative theory will be applied.


Abstract A wide range of 2′,5′-dideoxy-nucleosides, including 6- substituted purine, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and 1-deazapurine derivatives, has been enzymatically prepared using purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Specificity towards cleavage by bacterial versus mammalian purine nucleoside phosphorylase was evaluated.


An environmentally friendly, energy-efficient method for cellulose nanofibre (CNF) production from softwood holocellulose utilising oxidative enzymes, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs).


A mapping theorem leading to exact many-body dynamics of impenetrable bosons in one dimension reveals dark and gray solitonlike structures in a toroidal trap which is phase imprinted. On long time scales revivals appear that are beyond the usual mean-field theory.


Background Coronavirus Disease's (COVID-19) rampant rise has caused numerous challenges to the already strained health infrastructure of Nepal. The combination of underlying geographic and socioeconomic risk factors, and Nepal's unique challenges with its rural majority population, the influx of migrant workers returning during the pandemic and catastrophic monsoon flooding has potentiated disease spread. This review describes the country's health sector response, key strategies, challenges and strengths, and provides lessons learned for future response. Methods Open access information from the Nepali government was used to describe the COVID-19 response plan and implementation. The World Health Organization's weekly situation reports, United Nations documents, and local news articles were also reviewed to find key evolution of COVID-19 and challenges faced in response. Findings Nepal's COVID-19 response strategy was detailed in the government's Health Sector Emergency Response Plan (HSER) in May 2020, and the strategy can be divided into four main areas: public health and social measures, hospital-based intervention, management and oversight, and budget allocation. Nepal has had COVID-19 cases in all 7 provinces and 77 districts, and due to a large rural population, the sudden influx of more than 1.3 million people from reverse migration and massive monsoon floods contributed to the rise in community spread of the virus. The second wave (Delta wave) found Nepal with the worst viral replication in the world and collapsed the health infrastructure. Conclusion Nepal's COVID-19 response was strained by its unique challenges and key lessons were identified from this review that will be needed for future pandemic and disaster response. These include early planning, data centralization, transparent leadership, clear communication and coordination between three tiers of government, private-public partnerships, and utilization of its working population.


This study investigates how far European national libraries have adopted marketing principles and developed a marketing orientation to face new challenges. The degree of a marketing orientation was analysed in the websites of 14 national libraries, the national library buildings of Austria, Belgium, Britain, Germany, the Netherlands and Portugal were observed and rated, and managers of these organisations interviewed. Analysis showed varying attitudes to marketing, with the British Library having the most advanced approach in developing a marketing orientation. Other national libraries had adopted certain aspects of a marketing orientation but lacked a coherent approach. Recommendations made in the area of website design included the better use of digital re-sources and introduction of Web 2.0 features. In regard to national library buildings it was recommended to have one central point of access from where the visitor is guided through the building. Developing a marketing orientation was a major but beneficial step in the evolution of a national library. It required a shift of perspective from inward to outward looking and the willingness to learn from other markets. A marketing orientation was a way of addressing the future challenges successfully.


WAR AS A DETERMINANT OF VOLODYMYR ZELENSKY'S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP
The article presents the most important aspects of the political leadership of the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, during the first days of the war. The most important war conditions determining the political leadership as well as the legal and socio-political premises determining the indicated process were analyzed. The article also discusses the communication strategy and information policy of the Ukrainian state, which are an integral part of strengthening the internal and international position of the president and the political leadership of Volodymyr Zelensky, in crucial time of first days of aggression. The text presents the most important aspects in this regard, influencing the deepening of the political leadership of the Ukrainian president and the legitimacy of the government.


We report the synthesis and photolabeling properties of two highly selective ligands for ,u and 8 opioidbinding sites: Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe(pN3)-Gly-ol (AZDAMGE) and Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe(pN3)-Leu-Thr (AZDTLET). An irreversible inhibition of the electrically induced contractions of mouse vas deferens is caused by irradiation (at 254 nm) of the muscle strip in the presence of AZ-DTLET (1 nM). This phenomenon is antagonized only at large concentrations (10 FM) of naloxone, in accordance with the well-known lower selectivity of naloxone for 8 sites. Competition experiments with [3H]DAMGE and [3HJDTLET on crude rat brain membranes showed that the azido photoprobes display a similar (AZ-DAMGE) and even a better (AZ-DTLET) selectivity than their respective parent compounds DAMGE and DTLET. Up to 25 nM, AZ-DTLET irreversibly and selectively photolabels the 6 sites of crude rat brain homogenates. Due to its lower affinity AZ-DAMGE provides similar selective photolabeling of the jA sites but at higher concentrations (=0.3 jiM). When [3H]DAMGE and [3H]DTLET were used as ligands for ,. and 8 binding subtypes, respectively, no important change in binding capacity and affinity of one receptor type was observed after photolabeling of the other. The various brain opioid peptides ([Met]enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, dynorphin, etc.) interact with at least three types of binding sites (,a, 8, and K) in the central nervous system (1, 2). Such a multiplicity of putative receptors could explain the large variety of pharmacological responses elicited by opioid alkaloids and endogenous opioid peptides. Therefore, there is considerable interest in the biochemical and pharmacological characterization of these subclasses of binding sites. Several models have been proposed to account for opioid receptor heterogeneity. One model suggests that p. and 6 receptor sites represent interconvertible conformations of a single receptor (3). An allosteric interaction of p. and 8 sites was also suggested on the basis of the observed noncompetitive mutual displacement between enkephalins and opiates (4). There is also considerable evidence to support the hypothesis that the p., 8, and K sites are separate chemical entities. This evidence includes the heterogeneous distribution of the three types of sites in the brain (5), selective protection experiments (6), and the strong analgesic potency of p. ligands along with the recent finding in our laboratory that analgesic activity of enkephalin analogs decreases as these ligands become more and more selective for the 8 sites (7). These uncertainties could best be solved by isolation and chemical characterization of the different types of opioid binding sites. Progress in this field has occurred in recent years since solubilization and partial purification of receptors from toad brain (8) neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells (9), and recently rat brain (10) and guinea pig brain (11) were reported. In most cases the solubilized preparation seems to contain essentially one kind of binding site. However, the presence of Multiple sites in solubilized extracts of brain has also been reported recently (10-12). Another promising approach to demonstrate the coexistence of chemically distinct receptor types in the brain is the use of affinity labeling. Several alkylating probes have been synthesized (13-16). Some of them, such as 13funaltrexamine (13), were directed against A sites and some recent ones have a preference for 8 sites (16). By contrast, p-chlornaltrexime is able to inactivate all opioid binding sites (p., 8, and K) (15). Photoaffinity labeling has the important advantage that nonspecific irreversible binding is generally rTuch lower than for ligands that biqd irreversibly by virtue of their chemical reactivity. Nevertheless, most of the photoligands already synthesized have only modest selectivity for pi or 8 binding sites (17-22). To obtain highly selective probes we have prepared photoligands by the introduction of a nitrene-generating azido group into the MePhe residue of Tyr-D-Ala-GlyMePhe-Gly-ol (DAMGE) (23) add into the Phe residue of Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr (DTLET) (24), which are at this time among the most selective ligands of the p. and 8 receptors, respectively. Irreversible photoinactivation of the 8 receptor by azido-DTLET (AZ-DTLET) on mouse vas deferens as well as competition experiments with [3H]DAMGE and [3H]DTLET on rat brain membranes performed after UV irradiation of the photoprobes show unambiguously that AZ-DAMGE and AZ-DTLET are highly potent and selective irreversible ligands for the p. and 8 opioid receptor sites, respectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS Preparation of Repgents Analyses of Azilo Compounds. The structures of the compounds and all the intermediates were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy (Bruker WH 270-MHz). The purity was checked by TLC on (Merck) silica gel plates in system A, BuOH/AcOH/H20 (4:1:1, vol/vol), and by HPLC on a reversed-phase p.Bondapak C18 column (Waters Associates) with CH3CN/NH4OAc buffer, pH 4.2, as solvent. The eluted peaks were monitored for absorbance at 260 nm. Finally, amino acid analyses were performed after hydrolysis of the peptides in HCl. General Procedure for Synthesis. Reduction of the nitro group. First, 0.3 mmol of nitropeptide I or II (see Scheme 1 Abbreviations: DAMGE, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol ([D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin); AZ-DAMGE, the MePhe p-azido derivative of DAMGE; DTLET, Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr ([DThr2,Leu5]enkephalin-Thr); AZ-DTLET, the Phe p-azido derivative of DTLET. 7718 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 81 (1984) 7719 below) was dissolved in 25 ml of MeOH with one drop of glacial acetic acid and the solution was added to 10 ml of MeOH containing 10 times the weight of I or II of 10%o palladium/charcoal (Pd/C). Catalytic hydrogenation was achieved by bubbling H2 through the solution for 5 hr; BocTyr-D-Ala-MePhe(pNH2)-Gly-ol (III) was obtained from I as white crystals (80% yield). TLC Rf in system A = 0.56; mp = 1650C. Boc-Tyr-D-ThrLGly-Phe(pNH2)-Leu-Thr (IV) was obtained from II as white crystals (90% yield). TLC Rf in system A = 0.50; mp 1900C. Azidation. For azidation, 0.2 mmol of the peptid} (fII or IV) was dissolved in 2 ml of ice-cold 2 M HCl (10 ml/mmol). The diazonium salt was formed by adding 0.4 ml (1.6 eq) of an aqueous solution ofNaNO2 (110 mg in 2 ml). After 20 min of stirring at 0-20C, 10 1ul of an aqueous 2 M urea solution was added. Degassing under reduced pressure expelled NO2 and then 0.5 ml (1.6 eq) of an ice-cold solution of NaN3 (105 mg in 2 ml water) wag added under stirring and the rest of the procedure was performed in the dafk. After 1 hr at 0-20C, 0.5 ml of H20 was added and the pH was raised to 3.0 with 2 M NaOH. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic phase was dried on Na2SO4. After evaporation, the azido derivatives (V of VI) were obtained. Boc-AZ-DAMGE (V) as pale yellow hygroscopic crystals (65% yield); TLC Rf in system A = 0.81; mp = 200'C. Boc-AZ-DTLET, (VI), also as pale yellow hygroscopic crystals (40% yield); TLC Rf in system A = 0.84; mp = 2050C. Deprotection. Direct addition of trifluoroacetic acid (25 eq; 1.85 ml/mmol) to a dry sample of V or VI followed by 1 hr of stirring at 0C and 1 hr at room temperature, evaporation of trifluoroacetic Acid, and extensive washings with anhydrous diethyl ether gave the deprotected peptides (VII or VIII) as trifluoroacetates. AZ-DAMGE (VII) (90% crude yield) was purified by chromatography on silica gel plate (kieselgel 60 F 254, Merck) with elution solvent (CHCl3/MeOH, 7:3, vol/vol). Hygroscopic white crystals (20% final yield); mp = 160°C. HPLC (reversed-phase ,tBondapak C18), solvent CH3CN/NH4OAc buffer, pH 4.2 (28:72, vol/vol), flow rate 1.3 ml/min; retention time 6 min. AZ-DTLET (VIII) (85% yield) was obtained as a pale yellow hygroscopic solid. TLC Rf in system A = 0.6; mp = 165°C. HPLC (reversed-phase ,uBondallak C18), solvent CH3CN/NH4OAc buffer, pH 4.2 (25:75, vol/vol), flow rate 1 ml/min, retention time 6.5 min. Tritiated Ligands. [3HJDAMGI(60 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 37 GBq) and [3H]DTLET (35 Ci/mmol) were synthesized from their dibromo precursors as recently reported (25). Preparation of Crude Rat Brain Membranes and Photolabeling Experiments Male Sprague-Dawley rats (150 g) were killed by decapitation. The brains (minus cerebella) were rapidly removed and homogenized at 40C at 12 ml/g of tissue (wet weight) in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 (standard buffer). Homogenization was done in a Potter-Elvehjem tissue grinder by 20 strokes of a Teflon pestle, motor driven at 800-1000 rpm. The suspension (3 mg of protein per ml) was incubated for 30 min at 37°C in the dark with different concentrations of the probes. The homogenates were then irradiated in a small crystallizing dish, with slow stirring at 4°C, by means of a 50-W (200-600 nm) mercury lamp (Heraeus, Paris, France) located 20 cm above. The preparation was separated from the light source by a thin sheet of cellophane, which absorbed less than 5% of the light. Then the membranes were homogenized, resuspended in 8 ml of buffer, and centrifuged (0-40C) in a Beckman ultracentrifuge (rotor 30) for 30 min at 28,900 rpm. The homogenization, resuspension, and centrifugation were repeated once. Finally, the pellets were resuspended in 1.6 ml of standard buffer for measurement of the residual binding sites. Crude unwashed homogenate, prepared from fresh brain, was used immediately after incubation in photolabeling experiments. The validity of this simplification for the preparation of homogenates was tested in a number of experiments; it gave results similar to those with the usual longer procedure (24).


. Insider threat represents a significant source of violations of information security. Our previous research using event-related potentials (ERPs) has revealed patterns of neural activity that distinguish ethical decision making from decisions that do not involve an ethical component. In the current study, we sought to gain insight into the locus of the effect of ethical decision making on the posterior N2 component of the ERPs. The ERP data revealed that the N2 was greater in amplitude for control trials relative to ethical violation trials, and time-frequency analyses revealed that this resulted from a reduction in phase-locked activity across trials rather than a decrease in EEG power. These findings may indicate that ethical decision making related to information security is associated with a greater inward focus of attention than is the case for decision making on control trials.


According to recent researches, global population is increasing disproportionally from the essential resources for human life. More and more, the amount of people living in urban areas is increased due to several factors, including the opportunities which are generated in these locals. This unbridled populational growth, mainly in urban areas, and other factors such as poor governance, leads and/or enhances many urban problems. To illustrate this fact, we can mention the major problems that Brazilian cities face in the areas of transport, health and education, evidenced routinely by the media in general. In this context, the Smart City (SC) concept attempts to mitigate these problems in order to increase the citizens quality of life. For such an important tool for the implementation of a SC is the Internet of Things (IoT), in which several objects are combined to achieve a common goal, such as, details of the flow of vehicles in a city. Nevertheless, in order to consolidate this scenario, a software architecture that is able to integrate and combine different technologies and data that comprise the urban services is required. In literature we can find several architectures for SC, including support of large companies. However, these architectures aim to meet only an urban service with specific application, which features not in fact an implementation of SC. Motivated by these challenges, this thesis presents the specification, the design and evaluation of a SC architecture that allows integration of IoT technologies, based on a set of requirements drawn from existing approaches. Additionally, we discuss the results obtained, the problems found, and the future steps for research and development.


With the advancement and widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) in a variety of fields, experts in the field of medicine have begun to actualize their powers in handling and analyzing data for telemedicine. Outpatients who require medical treatment but are unable to obtain it due to a lack of finances or limited access might benefit from telemedicine platforms, which provide unique and creative alternatives. Due to the difficulties in using telemedicine, it is necessary to develop its capacities and adaptability in order to overcome telemedicine problems. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a steady progress in technology that allows for the extension of relationships across the internet (IoT), and the development of the capacity to manage information has created more significant chances for the global health sector, notably telemedicine. The advantages of combining telemedicine and AI provided limitless chances for advancement, and this article surveyed the literature on existing work. Information analysis cooperation, intelligent aid diagnosis, healthcare information technology, and patient monitoring are the four most recent developments in this field. This paper also discusses how AI and telemedicine have been used to improve continuous monitoring, as well as the difficulties they are meant to address.


The present invention relates to a light-emitting diode lighting device, comprising: a base including a power terminal that can be electrically connected to an external alternating-current power source; a hollow housing coupled to the base; a light-emitting diode package installed within the housing; a power supply module for supplying the external alternating-current power to the light-emitting diode package; and a light-transmitting insulating and heat-dissipating solution in which the light-emitting diode package in the housing and the power supply module are immersed, which dissipates the heat generated by the light-emitting diode package and the power supply module, and which fills the hollow housing.


The gastric cardia is well known for its importance in harboring carcinoma and for the common difficulty of its clear roentgen delineation. Variations and benign influences may closely resemble the more dangerous lesion. The collection of cases presented here comprises only that material which is rare in our experience or quite new to us. An attempt has been made not to display obvious or common lesions or effects. Some of this has been shown to consultants of great experience, so that the commonplace would be eliminated and the unusual might be identified by broader knowledge. These discussions have been most valuable, although some of the apparently normal variants deserve yet further recording and confirmation. The normal organ relations are shown in Figure 1: the right lobe of the liver, the left lobe, the small rectangular caudate lobe that at some time we suspected might cause the defect to be shown later, the gastrohepatic omentum attaching to the lesser curve of the stomach, and the spleen. For co...


A helium r.f. plasma was characterized for the selective detection of nitrogen in gas chromatographic eluents by atomic emission spectrometry. Nitrogen emission was detected at 868 nm. The principle sources of background emission at that wavelength were identified. The largest single source was back-diffusion from the discharge exit. There were also significant contributions from impurities in the high-grade make-up and reagent gases. An avalanche photodiode was evaluated as a photodetector and found to be superior to a photomultiplier tube for this application. End-on and side-on optical collection geometries were modelled by a computer. The detection limit for nitrogen in the discharge was 57 pg s–1.


A portrait of Australian flying fox life in the Anthropocene illuminates startlingly familiar stories. These animals are participants in most of the major catastrophic events, as well as contestations about rescue, of contemporary life on Earth: warfare, man-made mass death, famine, urbanisation, emerging diseases, climate change, biosecurity, conservation and local/international NGO aid. They are endangered, and are involved in all four of the major factors causing extinctions: habitat loss, overexploitation, introduced species and extinction cascades. My account of flying foxes in Australia rests on the understanding of species articulated vigorously and eloquently by Donna Haraway (42): we and others are entangled in knots of species who are co-shaping each other in layers of reciprocating complexity. I seek to engage both the living warmblooded beings whose lives are threatened and the excruciatingly dynamic deathscape that is surrounding them/us. Positioned, like much of life on Earth today, in zones of increasing conflict and terror, the lives and deaths of flying foxes tell us that there is no way out of entanglements within multi-species communities. Rather than seeking to erect more impenetrable barriers against others, relational ethics for living and dying in the Anthropocene urge us to assume ever greater mutuality and accountability as intra-dependent members of the suffering family of life on Earth.


One of the ways in which Indonesians have adapted to economic change over recent decades is through permanent and temporary movement within and outside the country. This paper focuses on the effects which the crisis that started in 1997 has had upon population mobility among different groups and in different areas within the country. It begins by summarising the employment effects of the crisis, as indicated by the 1997 and 1998 National Labour Force Surveys. It then uses results from a number of surveys to identify the changes that have occurred in population mobility in Indonesia during the crisis. In particular it looks at the extent and nature of urban to rural movement, and at patterns of movement between Java and the Outer Islands. Although comprehensive data are lacking, it is argued that population mobility has become an important coping mechanism for confronting the crisis.


Prolactin inducible protein (PIP) is a 17 kDa protein expressed in human body fluids. It interacts with several other proteins including fibrinogen, IgG, actin, CD4, ZAG, etc. and their association contributes to multifaceted molecular functions of PIP in diverse classes of biological processes. The roles of PIP are reported in immunoregulation, tumor progression, apoptosis and fertility. Recently, PIP was purified in complex with human serum albumin (HSA) from human semen. Here, we have reported comparative expression analysis of this complex in human seminal plasma samples of various categories of infertility conditions (oligozoospermia, azoospermia and asthenozoospermia) and fertile controls (normozoospermia). We have also evaluated sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in presence of varying concentrations of this complex. Comparative expression analysis was performed under same experimental conditions by co-immunoprecipitation followed by western blot analysis and results highlighted that HSA-PIP complex is down-regulated in azoospermia as depicted by the intensity of protein bands on the blot. Assessment of sperm functions in presence or absence of this complex revealed that this complex acts as an inducer of in vitro sperm capacitation. It was observed that 87% sperm were capacitated after 4h incubation with HSA-PIP complex (100 μg/mL) in comparison to 60.33% in +ve control. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that this complex might be a positive regulator of sperm motility and capacitation in vivo . Keywords : Acrosome reaction; capacitation; co-immunoprecipitation; HSA-PIP complex; western blotting.


'Partnership has become a central feature of a new model of local governance, both creating and reflecting changing relationships between the three spheres of the state, the 'market' and civil society'. As such, this article sets out to examine the essence of partnership as a form of local governance, located specifically within the context of community regeneration strategies. Drawing attention to the fact that there are many models of partnership, it will outline three conceptual lenses for analysing partnership arrangements - power, trust and democratic implications. It will conclude that a richer understanding of the process may gleaned by applying each lens to the different models of partnership that may exist.


Through research and practice of sorghum hybrid seed production,causes that bring asynchronous flowering period during sorghum hybrid seed production was studied and some prediction methods for sorghum flowering period were proposed,such as leaf observation,young male spike differentiation,leaf-age and increment borer postmortem etc.Aimed at the synchronisms some regulations were done at sowing time,seedling,shooting or booting stages.It is of great importance to apply these methods to sorghum hybrid seed production and to improve the seed yield.


We use the U.S. patent data merged with firm-level datasets to establish new facts about the role of mega firms in generating "novel patents"—innovations that introduce new combinations of technology components for the first time. While the share of mega firms in novel patents had been declining until about 2000, it has strongly rebounded since then. This coincided with a shift in the technological contents of novel patents, characterized by the transition from new combinations within Information and Communications Technology (ICT) components to new combinations integrating ICT and non-ICT components. Mega firms also generate a disproportionately large number of "hits" —new combinations that lead to the largest numbers of follow-on patents (patents that reuse the same combinations of technology components as the first novel patent). Furthermore, their novel patents tend to diffuse broadly—we find that mega firms' most successful novel patents have more follow-on patents assigned not to themselves but to other firms compared to successful novel patents generated by non-mega firms. Overall, our findings suggest that mega firms play an increasingly important role in generating new technological trajectories in recent years, especially in combining ICT with non-ICT components, creating room for other entities to conduct followup innovations.


This paper describes the calculation of execution times in RealTimeTalk (RTT). RTT is an object-oriented language for hard real-time systems, i.e., systems which must fulfil the specified time requirements. An overview of RTT is given. The control structures in RTT are analysed and equations for the calculation of minimum and maximum execution times are given. The RTT timing analysis tools are described. The first tool is the front-end tool, which analyses the RTT code given by the user. The second is the back-end tool, which analyses the C-code and the assembly code in the RTT system. Some limitations of the method and future directions are discussed.


Anunderstanding of how extinct animals functioned underpins our understanding of past evolutionary events, including adaptive radiations, and the role of functional innovation and adaptation as drivers of bothmicroandmacroevolution. Yet analysis of function in extinct animals is fraughtwith difficulty. Hypotheses that interpretmolariform teeth infishes as evidence of durophagous (shell-crushing) diets provide a good example of the particular problems inherent in the methods of functionalmorphology. This is because the assumed close coupling of form and function uponwhich the approach is based is weakened by, among other things, behavioural flexibility and the absence of a clear one to one relationship between structures and functions. Herewe show that ISO 25178-2 standard parameters for surface texture, derived fromanalysis ofworn surfaces ofmolariform teeth offishes, vary significantly between species that differ in the amount of hard-shelled prey they consume. Twopopulations of the Sheepshead Seabream (Archosargus probatocephalus)were studied. Thisfish is not a dietary specialist, and one of the populations is known to consumemore vegetation and less hard-shelled prey than the other; this is reflected in significant differences in theirmicrowear textures. TheArchosargus populations differ significantly in theirmicrowear from the specialist shellcrusherAnarhichas lupus (the AtlanticWolffish).Multivariate analysis of these three groups offishes lends further support to the relationship between diet and toothmicrowear, and provides robust validation of the approach. Application of themultivariatemodels derived frommicrowear texture in Archosargus andAnarhichas to a thirdfish species—the cichlidAstatoreochromis alluaudi— successfully separates wild caught fish that ate hard-shelled prey from lab-raised fish that did not. This cross-taxon validation demonstrates that quantitative analysis of toothmicrowear texture can differentiate betweenfishes with different diets evenwhen they rangewidely in size, habitat, and in the structure of their trophic apparatus. The approach thus has great potential as an additional tool for dietary analysis in extantfishes, and for testing dietary hypotheses in ancient and extinct species.


We discuss various physical aspects of nonextremal, extremal and supersymmetric black holes in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (ADS) spacetimes. Specifically, we discuss how the isolated horizon (IH) framework leads to an ambiguityfree description of rotating black holes in these spacetimes. We then apply this framework to investigate the properties of supersymmetric isolated horizons (SIHs) in four-dimensional N = 2 gauged supergravity. Among other results we find that they are necessarily extremal, that rotating SIHs must have nontrivial electromagnetic fields, and that non-rotating SIHs necessarily have constant curvature horizon cross sections and a magnetic (though not electric) charge. PACS: 04.50.Gh; 04.70.Bw; 11.30.Pb Electronic mail: ibooth at math.mun.ca Electronic mail: liko at gravity.psu.edu


Understanding the factors and processes that influence intraspecific genetic variation are essential to better understand evolutionary processes. In this research, I examined patterns of gene flow and their effects on the distribution of genetic variation and spatial genetic structuring at different spatial scales. I used a combination of population genetics, spatial analysis, morphometrics and phylogeography in order to understand the patterns of genetic variation and their resulting phenotypic variations in a semi-aquatic species, the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). In order to investigate intraspecific genetic variations, I isolated and characterized 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci. These neutral genetic markers were highly polymorphic and presented moderate to high levels of genetic variability which make them useful for the study of contemporary population genetic structure and patterns of gene flow. Some of these microsatellite loci amplified in several rodent species and may be useful in the study of patterns of genetic variation in these species. The results from the cross-amplification confirmed the higher success of amplification in species more closely related to the muskrat. At a fine spatial scale, I assessed the influence of landscape features on patterns of gene flow and population genetic structure in muskrat among three watersheds near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Contrary to my hypothesis, the landscape heterogeneity did not prevent dispersal. A single genetic cluster was identified and no genetic differences were detected among the watersheds as a result of high levels of gene flow. Using a least cost path (LCP) approach, I found a positive relationship between individual pairwise genetic distances and least cost distances when roads were considered as corridors for movements.


ABSTRACT When an FIR-Hilbert transformer with an even-numbered filter order of N is used in real-time signal processing, a delay line should be placed in parallel to compensate for the delay time of N/2 arising from the FIR-Hilbert transformer. In general, the FIR-Hilbert transformer possesses a ripple governed by a filter order, a transition bandwidth, among others. In contrast, the delay line does not possess any ripple. Then, an issue regarding the ripple is encountered during signal processing. In this letter, a practical method is proposed to nullify the ripple effect in signal processing. A simple solution is that the same ripple exists on the Hilbert transformer and delay line. Subsequently, two Weaver's modulators for generating the USB signal are placed in parallel, and the real part of one of the two is used for a delay line and the imaginary part of the other of the two is used for a Hilbert transformer. When the same FIR-LPF is introduced into each of the two, the ripple effect can be nullified.


This paper proposes a thinning algorithm for tracking ridge lines in three-dimensional (3D) gray images. A characteristic of this algorithm is that input 3D gray images can be used directly without preprocessing such as binarization or separation of background. This algorithm obtains thin lines by tracking ridge lines, starting at points where the intensity has its local maximum. Combinations of three principal curvatures of a 4D hypersurface are used for the condition of continuation of tracking. It has been verified that lines considered to be ridge lines can be extracted when the proposed algorithm is applied to artificial images and real images. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(12): 25–37, 2001


Summary. Peripheral blood cells of 17 patients with myeloproliferative disorders were grown in vitro to form mixed colonies (CFU‐mix). CFU‐mix were found in four of nine patients with chronic phase chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) at levels 28‐ to 132‐fold higher than the upper limits of normal subjects. These patients also had higher than normal levels of circulating granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐GM) and erythroid (BFU‐E) progenitors. Development of blastic crisis was associated with disappearance of CFU‐mix from the blood.


to examine the motives of voluntary learners who were willing to pay to acquire the kinds of knowledge that lacked apparent social utility. Inas much as adult-education institutions have been more dependent than for mal schools on their clients' agendas, we need to understand those agendas and their impact on the stated aims of institutions. Unfortunately, Stub blefield and Keane, having painted themselves into a functionalist cor ner, say little about the motives of the consumers of adult education and therefore about what the true functions of adult education might have been.


SAN MARCOS, TEXAS, RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCORES AND FOOD ENVIRONMENT FACTORS, AND COMPARISON TO AGE-MATCHED SCORES FROM A NATIONAL SAMPLE (NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY 2009-2012) by Jessi deGruy Page, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a Major in Human Nutrition May 2017


A facile solvothermal method has been developed for preparing anatase TiO2 nanoparticles doped with nitrogen (N) or co-doped with N and fluorine (F). The effects of N and F doping or co-doping on the structural and photocatalytic properties of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were investigated. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles, confirming the successful synthesis of anatase TiO2. The crystal cell parameters and crystal size decreased with the doping of N or codoping of N and F. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under both UV and visible light irradiation revealed that the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 was greatly improved by N doping or N and F co-doping. The effect of TiO2 bandgap narrowing and the synergistic effect between co-dopants N and F on photocatalytic performance of TiO2 were also discussed. The N–F-co-doped TiO2 is thus a promising material for photocatalytic applications.


A new species of shrub frog Pseudophilautus dilmah is described from the Central Hills of Sri Lanka.  This unique species is distinguished from all the other congeners from a combination of characters; snout rounded in lateral aspect, bluntly pointed in dorsal and ventral aspect, canthus rostralis rounded, vomerine teeth, lingual papilla and nuptial pads absent, dermal fringe distinct on inside of fingers III and IV, small blunt tubercles on metacarpal and ulnar folds, toes basally webbed, interorbital area smooth, upper eyelid prominent tubercles present, anterior and posterior dorsum without horny spinules but tubercles present, upper part of flank weakly granular, supratympanic fold distinct, prominent small calcar present at the distal end of the tibia, throat granular, chest and belly coarsely granular.  Based on comparison of 16s rRNA gene we also show that the species is genetically distinct from other members of Pseudophilautus for which gene sequences are available.  The high rate of deforestation and anthropogenic activities threaten this population in its natural habitat.


In this paper we describe the results of a detailed analysis of CODAR measurements made from a single site during the Atlantic Remote Sensing Land Ocean Experiment (ARSLOE). The passage of a storm front generated a surge followed by wind and current reversal, superimposed on the normal semi-diurnal tides. These data have been used previously to illustrate methods for the extraction of surface-current velocities from CODAR data [1]. Here we examine the unique spatial detail provided by CODAR out to 25 km and supported by other instrumentation during this storm. A picture of the water dynamics emerges that is entirely consistent with the physical processes expected over these spatial scales.


Globalization significantly influences the very notion of citizenship by challenging the key principle of citizenship as idiosyncratically nation or nation-state related concept.Therefore, the discourse of global citizenship is getting more attention in programmatic educational texts and curricula. However, unlike their colleagues in Europe, Canada or South-East Asia, US educators are still less enthusiastic about introducing the concept of global citizenship in their classrooms. This study investigates how Indiana teachers conceptualize global citizenship and what in their opinions is impeding global perspectives on citizenship education in schools. In general, this research supports the findings of other studies that (1) teachers tend to rationalize the unfamiliar concept of global citizenship through more familiar concepts and discourses and (2) educators need more rigorous assistance to teach emerging types of citizenship. The study demonstrates that despite the fact that participants rarely use the term global citizenship in their instruction, they provide rationales that correspond to the notion of global citizenship.


The newest development of technology of long and big cargo freight cars in our country since the 21th century is described. The design and technical features of the long and big cargo freight cars are expounded. The key problems that are urgently (needed) to solve in the present stage are analyzed. The improvement suggestions and development direction are put forward.


Pregnant Yorkshire gilts were allotted to three treatment groups during the third trimester of gestation. One group was alloxanized at 70 days of gestation; the second group was injected daily with protamine zinc insulin beginning at 80 days and the third group receiving saline injections served as controls. At 112 days of gestation, the fetuses were delivered alive by hysterectomy, cleaned and weighed. The results showed that intravenous injections of 50 mg of alloxan/kg body weight was enough to cause diabetes in pigs and demonstrated that pigs could withstand severe diabetes during pregnancy. The body weight of the fetal pigs was not significantly altered. There was no impairment of the prenatal muscle development as evidenced by comparable gastrocnemius muscle weight, muscle DNA, RNA, protein, and semitendinosus muscle glycogen concentrations in the three treatment groups. The liver weight and total liver glycogen content were significantly (P<.01) elevated in the progeny of diabetic gilts at 112 days of gestation. The increased liver weight was accompanied by a significant increase in cellularity (DNA), RNA (P<.01) and protein (P<.05), but reduced cell size (protein/DNA) (P<.O1) when compared to the control progeny. The liver RNA/DNA ratio was unaffected by the treatments. The results indicate that the


In this work, we present a non-GR full waveform for general parametrization of axisymmetric black holes by extending our previous PSI model. Our model comprises two main components: an inspiral part obtained by using phenomenological method in frequency-domain and a ringdown part derived from quasinormal modes associated with photon motion. For quantitatively revealing the influence of the deviation from Kerr black holes on the waveforms, we specify our model to the bumpy black holes, which are typical examples of non-GR black holes. The results show that the deviation from the Kerr quadrupole moment could be measured in a high accuracy. The new waveform model can be directly used to test black holes for the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observations, the third generation detectors and space-borne interferometers.


EERDMANS, B. D. Alttestamentliche Studien. II, Die Vorgeschichte Israels. Giessen: T6pelmann, 19o8. Pp. 88. M. 2.50. The six chapters of this study deal with (I) the meaning of the Patriarchal legends; (2) agriculture in the Patriarchal legends; (3) the historical value of the legends; (4) the Egyptian sources of information; (5) the time of the Exodus; (6) the conclusions. The conclusions are all favorable to the historicity of the Patriarchal narratives, but some of the exegetical and historical hypotheses upon which these conclusions rest are anything but certain, or even probable.


Cutting fluid is a key component in retaining workpiece quality, tool life and overall high productivity in machine operations. It is needed as input for minimal surface roughness, minimal tool wear and better machining finished product. This study addressed tool wear and surface roughness by evaluating optimal factor effectiveness of the surface roughness and tool wear during turning of AISI 304 alloy steel using an environmentally friendly fluid. The non-biodegradable and non-recyclable nature of conventional cutting fluids as mineral oils have raised serious concerns with the research community and prompted the renewal of research in this area with focus on replacing the mineral based cutting fluids with environmentally friendly cutting fluids such as neem seed prepared cutting fluid (N-PCF). The neem seed oil (NSO) was sourced locally and characterized by investigating the physiochemical properties as well as it's fatty acid composition (FAC). The cutting fluid formulation was 1:9 of oil to water in the ratio. The cutting fluids which aided surface roughness and tool wear reduction during turning of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 and improved the carbide insert tool was evaluated and compared with mineral oil-based cutting fluid. Also, the response surface method (RSM) of experimental design and Grey relational analysis (GRA) multi-response optimization were employed respectively. The experimental results revealed that the formulated oil showed 8.67 pH value, 0.50 mm2/s viscosity, resistant to corrosion, stable and deep yellowish colouration. The multi-response optimal factor combination obtained from GRA showed multi-response effect of the formulated Neem seed prepared cutting fluid at feed rate of 0.82 mm/rev, depth of cut of 0.65 mm and cutting velocity of 800 rev/min while that of Mineral prepared cutting fluid (M-PCF) was achieved with feed rate (0.82 mm/rev), depth of cut (0.65 mm) and cutting velocity (500 rev/min). GRA and RSM results showed acceptable parameters that contribute to the science of machining and this is in good agreement when compared with those obtained from other cutting fluids used for turning operation.


This study aimed to examine the influence of audit, tax evasion and the accounting conservatism of timeliness reporting. To be relevant, an accounting information to be submitted on time and have a predictive value. This research method using purposive sampling method with sample included 30 banking companies period 2011 – 2015 with data analysis techniques logistic regression. The results showed that the variables independent only quality audit reporting positive influence on timeliness reporting. This study is one of the tasks of financial accounting colloquium course.


Taking into account the cost and the energy crisis that our country is facing nowadays, we have seen the need of applying a project the electric consumption, just like the outcomes at "Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo" campus "La Dolorosa". The project details causes; effects and impacts, as well as the possible strategies that will help to optimize the use of the electric power by means of a saving norm. A budget reduction has not allowed that the different companies and educational institutions carry out necessary steps for the electric system operation, which regularly presents problems. The current project of energy saving is aimed to the "Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo" campus "La Dolorosa" due to the overriding need to solve the inconvenient mentioned before.

This normative sample shows the due alternatives for the electric power saving for concept of illumination, since they affect directly the energy conception at UNACH, as well as on the understanding in the use of the energy.


ABSTRACT Trout Oncorhynchus sp. and Salvelinus sp. were released into Waldo Lake beginning in 1889, although releases prior to 1938 are poorly documented. Trout releases were documented for most years between 1938 and 1990. Trout releases were discontinued after 1990. Brook trout are reproducing in the lake and are larger than the average size of brook trout in most lakes in the Oregon Cascade Range. Angling pressure appears to be light and angler catch-rate is poor except during autumn. Future management options include releasing additional fish into the lake, removing fish or leaving things the way they are.


Several patients with Interstitial Lung Disease show autoimmune characteristics but do not meet the classification criteria for a connective tissue disease. In order to define this condition, the classification of patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) has been adopted (Fischer's criteria).To describe the sociodemographic, clinical, functional characteristics and therapeutic management of IPAF in clinical practice and to evaluate the incidence rate of functional respiratory impairment.A longitudinal observational study was performed (NEREA registry). Patients diagnosed with IPAF according to Fischer's criteria were included from ILD diagnosis (Feb 2007 to Dec 2019) and followed until loss of follow-up or Jan 2021. The study was carried out by a multidisciplinary team (pneumologists and rheumatologists) in seven Hospitals of Madrid. The relative functional respiratory impairment, defined as a ≥ 5% decline in percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) compared to the previous visit was set as main outcome. Respiratory function was measured at baseline and every 6-12 months. Covariates included: a) sociodemographic, b) clinical, c) radiological pattern (non-specific interstitial pneumonia [NSIP]; usual interstitial pneumonia [UIP], others); d) FVC% DLCO%; e) laboratory tests; f) therapy used. Survival techniques were used to estimate the incidence rate (IR) of relative functional respiratory impairment, expressed per 100 patient-semester with their respective confidence interval [95 % CI].79 IPAF were included, with a follow up of 462.8 patients-semester and a maximum follow-up of 12.3 years. 79% were women with a mean age of 66±11 years. Along with obesity (40%), the most frequent comorbidities at baseline were hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, followed by ischemic heart disease. Baseline FVC% and DLCO% were 88.5±22.7 and 64.2±19.3, respectively. Distribution of IPAF classification criteria was: a) clinical domain: arthritis (46.2%), Raynaud`s phenomenon (35.8%) and mechanic hands (9.3%); b) serological domain: 80.8% positive ANA at >1/320 titer; 29% RF (> 40 IU/ml); 25% positive anti-Ro; c) morphological domain: 46.8% of NSIP and 36.7% of UIP. During the study period, 77.2% of patients (n=61) received treatment: glucocorticosteroids (n=52), mycophenolate (n=25), azathioprine (n=21), rituximab (n=15) and antifibrotics (n=11).During the follow-up, 50 patients presented 111 relative functional respiratory impairment events over time. The estimated IR was 23.9 [19.9-28.8] per 100 patient-semester, and 50% of the patients developed functional respiratory impairment at 16 months from diagnosis.IR was similar between patient gender, baseline overall comorbidity, baseline pulmonary functional tests, and age strata, with slight difference in patients >80 years of age. Patients with baseline associated emphysema (IR: 17.6 [10-31]) or without baseline associated fibrosis (IR: 21.1 [15-28]) had lower IR compared to the opposite (IR without emphysema: 24.5[19.3-31]; IR with fibrosis emphysema: 27.5 [19.9-37.9]). As expected, IR was higher in UIP (32.2 [24-42]) compared to NSIP or any other pattern. With respect to serologic markers, patients with ANA titers >=1/320 had a higher IR (26.7 [21-33]) in comparison with those with lower or non-titers of ANA (IR: 15.7 [9.9-25.1]).In a multicenter registry of Madrid, we have performed a descriptive longitudinal study. IPAF were mostly women in their sixties. The most frequent clinical criteria were arthritis and Raynaud`s phenomenon. An NSIP radiological pattern predominated. At onset, patients have a slightly diminished lung function. The incidence rate of functional deterioration was estimated in 23.9% patient-semester and 50% of the patients developed pulmonary functional deterioration at 16 months from ILD diagnosis. This Incidence rate was higher in patients with an UIP pattern, baseline fibrosis or ANA at medium-high titers.None declared


Whereas oral nickel administration to C57BL/6 mice (Ni high mice) renders the animals tolerant to immunization with NiCl 2 combined with H 2 O 2 as adjuvant, as determined by ear-swelling assay, it fails to tolerize J␣18 ؊/؊ mice, which lack invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Our previous work also showed that Ni high splenic B cells can adoptively transfer the nickel tolerance to untreated (Ni low) recipients, but not to J␣18 ؊/؊ recipients. In this study, we report that oral nickel administration increased the nickel content of splenic Ni high B cells and up-regulated their Fas expression while down-regulating expression of bcl-2 and Bcl-x L , thus giving rise to an Ag-carrying, apoptosis-prone B cell phenotype. Although oral nickel up-regulated Fas expression on B cells of both wild-type Ni high and J␣18 ؊/؊ Ni high mice, only the former showed a reduced number of total B cells in spleen when compared with untreated, syngeneic mice, indicating that iNKT cells are involved in B cell homeostasis by eliciting apoptosis of effete B cells.


Memory efficiency is crucial in training deep learning networks on resource-restricted devices. During backpropagation, forward tensors are used to calculate gradients. Despite the option of keeping those dependencies in memory until they are reused in backpropagation, some forward tensors can be discarded and recomputed later from saved tensors, so-called checkpoints. This allows, in particular, for resource-constrained heterogeneous environments to make use of all available compute devices. Unfortunately, the definition of these checkpoints is a non-trivial problem and poses a challenge to the programmer—improper or excessive recomputations negate the benefit of checkpointing. In this article, we present XEngine, an approach that schedules network operators to heterogeneous devices in low memory environments by determining checkpoints and recomputations of tensors. Our approach selects suitable resources per timestep and operator and optimizes the end-to-end time for neural networks taking the memory limitation of each device into account. For this, we formulate a mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP) to schedule operators of deep learning networks on heterogeneous systems. We compare our MIQP solver XEngine against Checkmate [12], a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach that solves recomputation on a single device. Our solver finds solutions that are up to 22.5% faster than the fastest Checkmate schedule in which the network is computed exclusively on a single device. We also find valid schedules for networks making use of both central processing units and graphics processing units if memory limitations do not allow scheduling exclusively to the graphics processing unit.


By selectively breaking parity-time (PT) symmetry for the specific whispering-gallery mode, the single mode lasing has been experimentally demonstrated in a single microring resonator. In this paper, we analyze the modal discrimination to show the robustness of the single mode operation in two different types of PT symmetric single microring lasers: one with the gain/loss grating, and the other with the gain/index/loss grating. We show that they both can exhibit much higher modal discrimination than the conventional microring resonator. The single mode operation is robust even if the gain and loss distribution is quasi-symmetric, i.e., the unbalanced perturbation amplitudes or duty cycles. Therefore, the PT symmetric single microring lasers can provide very stable single-mode operation.


The quantum mechanical microscopic conservation laws for the number, momentum, and energy density operators are given in Refs. 1 and 2. However, the details of the derivation are not given and the results do not include an external force. For completeness the general derivation is given here. The time dependence of an operator A(t) which depends on the position and momenta of the system particles is given by


UNLABELLED
Nowadays, researchers from various fields of study and geographical regions continue to pay attention to viral hepatitis A. Due to a resistant virus, with predominant enteral transmission, with endemic epidemic manifestations and a remarkable clinical polymorphism, affecting children especially, hepatitis A does not chronicize, but, in adults, it is responsible for forms with prolonged evolution and severe, sometimes.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Results of clinical epidemiological and laboratory studies carried on a sample of 10321 patients suffering from hepatitis A, from two lots: 5530, Suceava; 4791, Botosani; 5400, males; 4921 females; age from < 1 to = 55.

RESULTS
In Suceava County, the hepatitis A incidence had epidemic values in 1996 (229%000) and 1997 (224%000). The most affected age groups, with hospitalized clinical forms, were 5-14 (42.3%) and 15-24 (24.9%). In Botosani County, epidemic peaks registered in 1999 (213%000), and inter-epidemic in the other years. The most affected age group was of 5-14, with 48.9% from all the admitted cases, but 52% from all cases belonged to age groups over 25.


The main objective of the present research is to determinate the blood pressure, body mass index, and glycosylated hemoglobin at the onset diabetes. This is a non-experimental study, descriptive, retrospective, with bibliographic- documentary design documentary in which we reviewed the medical records of 94 patients that met the entry criteria. The results of the research suggest that: glycosylated hemoglobin test was carried out in just the 5.38% of patients suggesting the lack of control by using this method. There is a greater prevalence of diabetes in women and in the age range of 46-65 years. Diabetes is prevalent in patients with values of BMI between 30-34.9 which corresponds to obesity type I. The HTA that prevails in the patients with normal and normal high. A little more than half of patients is normotensive. No correlation was found between the HbA1c variables and age and for glucose levels. Demonstrating the inappropriate qualification by the health professionals of first level and the lack of collaboration for the usrs of it where the study was conducted as figures of HbA1c with values of 7.1-9 representing 41.5%, for taking over by the inspection bodies.


This research was initiated to enhance the tilth of fine-textured soil for turf growth by incorporation of crumb rubber shredded from used tires. A specific objective was to determine the physical properties of soil mixed amended with different grade and amount of crumb rubber in soils. Two soils and three different grades(3.5, 6.5 and 9.5 ㎜) of crumb rubber were used. The soils selected were an Arenzville silt loam(coarse-silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Udifluvents) and a Hosmer silty clay loam(fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Fragiudalfs). The amount of crumb rubber mixed in soil ranged from 0 to 0.4 gㆍg?¹(using 0.05 gㆍg?¹) increments and 0 as a control. For each treatment, soil cores were constructed following the recommendation by the United States Golf Association Green Section Record. Results indicated that porosity of the mixed decreased as the amount of crumb rubber increased. Regardless of the grade of crumb rubber, mixes with less than 0.15 gㆍg?¹ of crumb rubber in fine-textured soil could not enhance their macro-porosity and hydraulic conductivity. However, as the amendment increased over 0.15 gㆍg?¹, the tilth of the mixes had improved significantly macro-porosity, hydraulic conductivity and air permeability, as compared with a control.


Developments in MMIC (Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits) technology and ceramic electronic scan antennas have made low power, low-cost, millimeter-wave radars practical. Two such radar systems scheduled for high-volume commercial production are the W-Band Adaptive Cruise Control Radar for automobile collision avoidance and the Ka-Band Landing Aids Radar for the airborne enhanced vision system. Data collected at the Los Angeles International Airport for aircraft and surface traffic, in various modes of operation, is presented. The data shows that these radar systems can reliably measure the position and velocity of an aircraft or a surface vehicle in the different situations encountered on the airport surface. A system utilizing a collection of these radar units can provide reliable runway incursion warnings. These radar units, in combination with an interrogation and identification system can be used to provide the needed data inputs to an airport traffic planner, or alternatively to enhance the performance of a primary airport surface surveillance system.<<ETX>>


A recent DOE Order requires the development of site specific Emergency Planning Zones (EPZ) for all DOE reactor and nonreactor nuclear facilities. One input to the establishment of EPZs is the distance from the site at which EPA Protection Action Guides (5 rem whole body and 25 rem individual organ) are met for a range of possible accidents at individual facilities. A review of SARs for SRP facilities indicated that distance calculations should be done for the fuel and target manufacturing facilities in the 300 Area (because of the short distance to the site boundary) and for the reactors in the 100 Areas (because of the possible magnitude of the release). Results of calculations for these facilities are summarized in this memorandum.


Efficacy of fungicides against Verticillium fungicola (dry bubble) by conidial germination and poisoned food techniques and against Agaricus bisporus (host fungus) by poisoned food technique only is reported. Carbendazim proved highly fungitoxic to the mycelial growth and conidial germination of the pathogen and was most economical. The other fungicides inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen in order of their efficacy were myclobutanil, thiophanate methyl, difenaconazole, bitertanol, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, copper oxychloride, propineb and captan, whereas, the fungicides most effective in inhibiting the conidial germination of pathogen in order of their efficacy were thiophanate methyl, myclobutanil, bitertanol, chlorothalonil, difenaconozole, copper oxychloride, mancozeb, propineb and captan. All the test fungicides completely inhibited the test pathogen at 500 μg mL−1 except, mancozeb, propineb and captan. Against the host fungus (A. bisporus), myclobutanil showed maximum inhibition of 66.60 per cent, followed by thiophanate methyl, difenaconazole, bitertanol, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, copper oxychloride, mancozeb, captan and propineb, respectively.


The constant demand for an increasingly flexible access of satellite images is one of the driving forces in the application of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques in databases storing remotely sensed data. In particular this approach benefits the non-professional users. However, the complex contents of satellite scenes and the users' query concepts cannot be related straightforwardly. The imagery is described by automatically extracted feature vectors, while the users' concepts are located within the semantic space. The result is a gap that has to be bridged by every CBIR system. Over the past few years the developed relevance feedback approaches proved to be a successful solution whereby the users' query concepts are captured in an iterative supervised process in which relevant images have to be marked. However, two main problems can be observed in applying the approaches to satellite imagery. Firstly, the database has to utilise local image descriptors instead of the commonly used global information vectors due to the content complexity of most scenes. Secondly, the assumption that a user has only one query concept during a query session does not hold true for the described case since remote sensing related retrievals are more complex in nature. This paper proposes a novel relevance feedback retrieval approach to capture the user's multiple query concepts in the form of region sequences. Afterwards, these automatically detect sequences are indirectly verified by the user to ensure their correctness and are used to train the conceptual query classifiers. Equipped with this foundation all parts of a satellite scene described by their spectral and spatial characteristic can be matched against the derived query concepts. Performing a pre-selection over all consistent images, a later evaluation using a similarity measurement ranks the retrieval results and presents them to the users. If this process is repeated iteratively, then the query concept can be refined appropriately. The experimental results showed a very high precision and illustrated the flexibility of the approach.


Background. Osteoma of the skull and facial bones is not uncommon, is usually asymptomatic, and may be associated with Gardner's syndrome. Osteomas involving other bones are unusual.


Through the combination of polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) and a lanthanide complex, a hybrid material with enhanced luminescent properties was achieved. FTIR, XRD, SEM, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were employed to characterize the obtained material. Improved photo- and thermal-stability were observed in the hybrid material when compared to the mono-modified POSS derivative and individual lanthanide complex. Modification at each silicon vertex of the POSS core effectively increased the lanthanide concentration that was doped in the hybrid material and the 3D divergent configuration of octa-benzoic acid functionalized POSS (OBAPOSS) ensured the uniform distribution of lanthanide in the hybrid material to prevent aggregation of the lanthanide complex at a high concentration. The combination of POSS with lanthanide used in this study for designing and preparing luminescent hybrid materials is simple and applicable, and has provided new facilities for the design of optical devices and the substitution of pure lanthanide complexes in crystal engineering. The unique luminescence properties of the hybrid material, together with its good stability and processability, make it an ideal candidate for a wide range of applications such as materials for flat-panel displays, luminescent probes in bioassays, UV sensors and as laser materials and optoelectronic devices.


Kunming is a rising star in the wave of urbanization in China, which is located in the southwest border. In recent years, the urban space expends rapidly. This paper uses the Western concept of New Urbanism, summarizes the issues in the traffic, land use, population, resources, environment in large Kunming urban spatial expansion, puts forward the control and optimization program for the near future and the long-term, and provides a theoretical basis and reference for the expansion of urban space control.


The percentage infection rate, worm burden and worm recovery rate in mice increased with an increase in the duration of exposure to cercariae. However, mice exposed to cercariae for 4 min had the same worm burden and worm recovery rates as those exposed for 16 min. Mice exposed to 80 and 160 cercariae each exhibited the highest percentage infection rates. The worm burden was highest in mice exposed to 160 cercariae each, while the worm recovery rate was highest in those exposed to 80 cercariae per mouse.


The invention relates to the use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose for the production of functional food products for improving the regeneration exposed to physical stress individuals.


In order to gain a better understanding of the Kuwaiti experience, it is necessary to look at Kuwait in the context of the other Arab Gulf States. The members of the Gulf Co-operation Council are: Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait. One of the most important elements that led to the establishment of the G.C.C. by these States was the body of basic characteristics which they share, some related to their historical foundation, and some to the problems of their present and future economic and political survival in independence. All these States were ruled directly or indirectly by the Ottoman Empire during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 1 All of them were sub ject to British Government protection through many different treaties. However, despite these historical ties, the internal affairs of each State lay in the hands of old tribal families which originally settled in these areas in the course of a large-scale immigration from Naid2 in the Arabian Peninsula. The law that dominated all these States during the nineteenth century up until the early fifties was the Islc Shari'a law. It must be noted that Islamic law here means all the rules and regulations that were laid down in the Quran, in reports of the life and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, and in the unanimous opinions of jurists. It affected every aspect of their daily life through, e.g. de Majellal al-AhAam al-Adliya, which was introduced in all the Arab Gulf. The Majella was a codificaiion of the Islarnic civil law accordirlg to the Hanafi school of thought, which was the official law of the Ottoman Empire m all civil affairs. Furthermore, most farnily problems and legal disputes were solved in accordance with the principles of Islamic law (Shan'a), or at least the tribal customs, which generally speaking were derived from the Shan'a. By the iime of World War II, the economic resources of the Arab Gulf States had been totally changed from dependence upon sea resources such as diving for pearls and seaweed etc., to dependence on their enormous revenue from the export of oil. The economic factors in these States played a crucial role in the strength and power


A HUNDRED YEARS is a remarkable lifetime for any journal, especially a scholarly one in Knglish focusing exclusively on Jewish civilization. During this impressive time span a dramatic and radical shut in the character and place of academic Jewish studies in the United States and throughout the world took place. JQR is surely a primary historical source for charting the history of higher Jewish learning in North America and its ultimate entrance and integration into the university.A century of publication is of course impossible to encapsulate in a short reflective essay. Instead, I searched for a meaningful snapshot in which to capture something of the flavor and character of JQR at the midpoint of its long career. JQR, true to its title, was the springboard for numerous reviews of books and academic projects, both narrowly focused and of a more general nature. In perusing the pages oi JQR at midcentury, I was quickly attracted to several reviews of scholars who were my direct intellectual ancestors and who had personally influenced my own thinking in the course of my studies. I was also attentive to how some of the classic works and authors, at least classic from the perspective of our own times, were treated in the pages of the journal. I suppose most readers of reviews first notice the highly derisive ones which point out flaws in methodology, use of sources, and presentation. While we hate to admit it, some of us secretly enjoy reading this form of public ridicule, especially if we think the book is deserving of such criticism. We surely are shocked by the negative tone, sympathize with the author of the book under review, and are thankful that the daggers of the critic are not pointed at us. But at the same time, we are drawn to this brutal disparagement of a scholar and his professional product perhaps to satisfy our own prurient feeling and to take comfort in the thought that someone besides ourselves is the target of such intemperate backstabbing.For my modest contribution to celebrating the wonderful career of JQR, I have chosen three reviewers, all writing at midcentury and all known to me through their books and articles. How representative they are of the longue duree of the journal I do not know, but they certainly offer us something of an open window into the world of Jewish studies at the time they were written and to the specific role of JQR as an academic journal. Of the three, two of them, Isaiah Sonne and Kllis Rivkin, wrote in areas close to my own discipline. The third, a most dominating figure in the history of JQR, Solomon Zeitlin, worked in areas I know little about, but he had the self-confidence - should we say temerity? - to write on books and authors clearly outside his own field of specialization and closer to mine, and to one critical review I was especially attentive.What characterized the world of Jewish studies inhabited by the three was its modest, even parochial, nature. Institutionally, Jewish studies was still practiced, in the main, at Jewish institutions of higher learning, primarily rabbinical seminaries such as the Hebrew Union College or the Jewish Theological Seminary, as well as Hebrew colleges such as those in New York City, Chicago, and Boston, and at the one unique secular institution of graduate study, Dropsie College. There was little sense that Jewish studies might aspire to reach beyond these ethnic and religious boundaries into the mainstream of academic life practiced in the university, despite the presence of a few exceptional scholars such as Salo W. Baron at Columbia and Harry Wolfson at Harvard. In this circumscribed environment of the seminary or Jewish college, the conversation was limited to a few academics and readers of their books and articles, and it was also highly personal since it was often the case that a reviewer well knew the author of the book on which he was writing. If, in fact, there was another audience to which the reviews were addressed, it was that community of scholars living and working in the land of Israel. …


State-of-the-art automatic testing tools can efficiently detect various kinds of errors in software projects; however, these errors often cannot be automatically extracted to a standalone reproducing test case, a feature valuable for the purposes of further software maintenance. Objects present the main difficulty, as generating code to construct an object given its state is hard, due to the encapsulation principle. In this paper we present an approach called Reanimator that, given an object representation, is able to generate a valid code snippet which constructs this object using its publicly available API. Reanimator can be applied to any automatic testing tool to help it generate reproducing test cases for detected failures. We implemented our approach as a part of an automatic testing tool called Kex and evaluated it on a number of open-source projects from GitHub. Evaluation results showed that our approach is compatible with the state of the art techniques.


Abstract 2-Oxoimidazolidine-1,3-disulfonic acid (OImDSA) is a recoverable catalyst for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidine-4-ones at room temperature in a one-pot procedure without using any organic solvents. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered and recycled for five runs without significant loss of catalytic activity. The structures of the synthesized 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR spectral data and elemental analysis.


Purpose: The main aim of the article is to present the concept of age diversity management and selected results of own research study made on SMEs from the Poznań poviat. The choice of the area of interest results from the fact that over the last several decades, both the population and the labor force are aging. Such a situation may lead to a reduction in the total number of people employed, investments through a decrease in savings and an increase in pressure on the pension system and the state budget. Design/methodology/approach: Fifty SMEs from the Poznań poviat of the Greater Poland voivodeship participated in the study. In addition, enterprises should employ a minimum of 4 people up to 50 and a minimum of 4 over 50 years old. The survey was carried out using the CATI and PAPI methods. Findings: Based on the research, it can be indicated that the vast majority of SMEs in the analyzed area do not have an age management system in place. Moreover, the needs of the older workers are not realized enough by the managers. Research limitations/implications: It would be better to conduct a survey on a bigger research trail in next edition. Practical implications: It is important to encourage enterprises through trainings and co-financing to implement an age management system, in particular when one can observe the demographic changes worldwide. Originality/value: The originality of the work is sought in an attempt to examine whether SMEs from the Poznań poviat take into account needs of older employees and adapt working conditions to them. Accordingly, the article analyzes the answers made by respondents according to four basic spheres of age management process. What is more, it suggests how to improve the issues badly assessed in the survey.


The anatomy of the ear in the child varies only slightly from that of the adult, since 85 per cent of ear growth occurs by the third year of life. Little growth occurs after the age of 10, although slight increase in size continues until old age. Anatomical aspects of the external ear are described and illustrated.


Abstract Disclosure: I. Gavryutina: None. R. Bochner: None. V. Chin: None. R. Bargman: None. Background: Childhood obesity is highly prevalent among certain populations of New York City (NYC). Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined the associations between parental attitudes about outdoor activities and playground utilization on child overweight and obesity. Methods: A questionnaire was developed and distributed among parents of 1-13 aged children at ambulatory pediatric clinics in Brooklyn, New York. Parents were asked about time spent outdoors and factors, that can affect it, such as outdoor temperature, winter season, precipitation, concerns about overall safety and COVID-19. Anthropometric data was collected on children and demographic data on both children and parents. Children were divided into 2 groups - those above and below 85% of BMI and associations between parental outdoor play preferences and beliefs with pediatric overweight and obesity were studied. Unadjusted and adjusted relationships between outdoor play preferences and child with BMI ≥85% were analyzed. Results: Of 104 children included in the study 57 were of normal weight and 47 were overweight or obese. The parents of children in both groups were mostly immigrants. There was no statistically significant difference in child age, sex, race, ethnicity and birth country between children with BMI <85% and with BMI ≥85% (P > 0.05, NS). Most parents of children with BMI <85% reported frequent playground utilization, considered longer hours to spend outside on weekdays, reported a larger total temperature range for outdoor playground utilization and a lower tolerable minimum temperature compared to parents of children with BMI ≥85%, p<0.05. Only having a parent born outside of the US remained a significant predictor of overweight and obesity in the final model. Conclusions: Parents of children with BMI<85% are more willing to spend time outdoors, regardless of weather, tolerate wider temperature ranges and lower temperature minimums, have less concern about wet weather and their children are housebound for shorter periods. Immigrant parents are protective against overweight. Concern must be paid to factors that affect outdoor activity in cold climates and mitigation strategies developed to improve children's health. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023


The new computer software system INDO2000 used for personal assessment of occupational exposure due to intakes of radionuclides is described in this paper. This software system refers to metabolic models and parameters from the ICRP series Publications 56,66,67,68,69,71,78 and etc. This system adopts matrix algorithm that is adapted to run on microcomputer. VC++ is taken for compiling this software, which can run under Win95 or higher microsoft 's operating system. This system can convert the measured values into intake, effective dose and other quantities used in assessment. It is applicable for routine individual internal dose assessment for radiation workers. This system uses new models and parameters. It can be used to solve recycling and non-recycling compartment models directly and can be used to estimate and assess individual internal dose accord with ICRP 抯 recommendation in 1990 and international basic safety standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources in 1997. Furthermore, this software runs under windows?operating system, and graphic interface makes it friendly and more convenient.


Human skeleton sequences provide important information for human action recognition. Compared with video data, it has lower sensitivity to light and lower data redundancy. Many traditional skeleton-based methods generally believe that all joints in a skeleton sequence are of the same contribution for an action. This paper proposes a novel action recognition method based on an attention and temporal graph convolutional network (ATGCN). The network could automatically learn spatial and temporal features from skeleton data. The attention mechanism is applied to weight joints to obtain their contributions in an action. Experiments conducted NTU RGB+D and WorkoutUOW-18 datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Relationships between flight schedule have been reported on annual report of 2017 by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. In this paper, the support vector machines (SVMs) to model a relation between flights and weather, which is discovered by big data analytics, are proposed. A key point is in extracting the correlation among data for SVMs. Flight data of 2016, 2017 and 2018 collected from FLIGHTSTATS database, and weather collected from Japan Meteorological Agency's database are analyzed. As a result, two key points are found as follows: (1) the most delayed flights were in winter pressure pattern and the most cancelled flights were in typhoon, (2) the difference of sea-level pressures in Wakkanai, Minami-Tori-shima and Yonaguni weather stations can classify two weather patterns. Those correlated data are selected for two class SVM of LibSVM. The proposed learning model shows some ability to classify flights.


A new conductive backing has been developed to improve transducer performance and manufacturability. For fabrication, conductive pillars were molded in a polymeric matrix through a process similar to that for the fabrication of 1-3 piezocomposites. The best combination of pillar and backing materials was selected from experiments to achieve the maximum acoustic performance (high impedance and attenuation) and channel uniformity. The 2D array transducer with 4096 channels built had a 3.5MHz center frequency and an over 60% fractional bandwidth. Every single channel of the prototype satisfied the target specifications and the standard deviation over the entire channels was within 0.81dB.


In this paper I make the following four conjectures on the triplets [p, p + 4, p + 10] and [p, p + 6, p + 10]: (I) there exist an infinity of triplets of primes of the form [p, p + 4, p + 10]; (II) there exist an infinity of triplets of primes of the form [p, p + 6, p + 10]; (III) there exist an infinity of primes q obtained concatenating a prime p with p + 4 then with p + 10 (only p is necessary prime); (IV) there exist an infinity of primes q obtained concatenating a prime p with p + 6 then with p + 10 (only p is necessary prime).


Some years ago my attention was drawn to those algebraic quantities, which are commonly called impossible roots or imaginary quantities: it appeared extraordinary, that mathematicians should be able by means of these quantities to pursue their investigations, both in pure and mixed mathematics, and to arrive at results which agree with the results obtained by other independent processes; and yet that the real nature of these quantities should be entirely unknown, and even their real existence denied. One thing was evident respecting them; that they were quantities capable of undergoing algebraic operations analogous to the operations performed on what are called possible quantities, and of producing correct results: thus it was manifest, that the operations of algebra were more comprehensive than the definitions and fundamental principles; that is, that they extended to a class of quantities, viz. those commonly called impossible roots, to which the definitions and fundamental principles were inapplicable. It seemed probable, therefore, that there was a deficiency in the definitions and fundamental principles of algebra ; and that other definitions and fundamental principles might be discovered of a more comprehensive nature, which would extend to every class of quantities to which the operations of algebra were applicable; that is, both to possible and impossible quantities, as they are called. I was induced therefore to examine into the nature of algebraic operations, with a view, if possible, of arriving at these general definitions and fundamental principles: and I found, that, by considering algebra merely as applied to geometry, such principles and definitions might be obtained. The fundamental principles and definitions which I arrived at were these: that all straight lines drawn in a given plane from a given point, in any direction whatever, are capable of being algebraically represented, both in length and direction; that the addition of such lines (when estimated both in length and direction) must be performed in the same manner as composition of motion in dynamics; and that four such lines are proportionals, -both in length and direction, when they are proportionals in length, and the fourth is inclined to the third at the same angle that the second is to the first. From these principles I deduced, that, if a line drawn in any given direction be assumed as a positive quantity, and consequently its opposite, a negative quantity, a line drawn at right angles to the positive or negative direction will be the square root of a negative quantity, and a line drawn in an oblique direction will be the sum of two quantities, the one either positive or negative, and the other, the square root of a negative quantity.


Margaret Sanger (1879-1966), the founder of the Planned Parenthood Federation of American and the International Planned Parenthood Federation, has been hailed as a great feminist foremother, a pioneer in the work of female liberation. Yet her feminism might not be recognizable to women today. Intimately linked with her belief in the goodness and necessity of birth control was a eugenic desire to control the reproduction of the "unfit." Birth control was for "fit" women like herself, who wished to be freed from the difficulties of childbirth and child rearing in order to pursue a bourgeois, romantic vision of sexual freedom. But it was also for those women who were "unfit," who "recklessly" perpetuated their damaged genetic stock by irresponsibly breeding more children in an already overpopulated world. If the latter did not voluntarily embrace birth control, according to Sanger, it should be forced upon them.


The paper aims to make a satisfactory realistic interpretation of the solution of the truth-making problem within the framework of D. Dennett's real patterns conception in order to show that D. Dennett's ontology can be interpreted in a realistic sense not only within the framework of J. Ladyman's structural realism. As a starting point, the solution of the truth-making problem within the concept of "serious essentialism" by E. J. Lowe is considered. Our thesis is that the expansion of the D. Dennett's conception with E. J. Lowe's "serious essentialism" leads us to the conclusion that D. Dennett's ontology not only receives a satisfactory realistic interpretation of the solution of the truth-making problem, but also provides an opportunity to answer properly to the definition of scientific realism given by M. Devitt.


When five Stoneville cottonwood clones were grown in a nursery for one season, lifted with about a foot of root, and planted in 3-foot deep holes, they averaged 9.6 feet in height growth and 92 percent surviva/ after 1 year in the field. Planted height averaged 8.3 feet. The same clonal material planted without roots averaged only 36 percent survival. These results do not imply that the standard method of planting 20-inch unrooted cuttings in the lower Mississippi River Valley should be changed. But where the aim is to grow large sawtimber and veneer trees at wide spacings (16 by 16 to 24 by 24 feet) or to alleviate deer damage without expensive fencing, or where early season cultivation may prove difficult, planting 1 -year-old rooted cuttings 3 feet deep provides an excellent, although more expensive, alternative.


In this study,a pilot-scale hybrid PAC/coagulation/ultrafiltration system was conducted to treat micro-polluted raw water in Lake Kuilei,Kunshan city.The results indicated that the system removed turbidity with a high efficiency under a PAC dose of 30 mg/L,but with a low removal efficiency for organic matter.Though the removal of CODMn was raised by additional in-line coagulation before ultrafiltration,it was less effective in UV254 removal.Particle was almost eliminated with a removal efficiency of 99%.


This work was undertaken to demonstrate the feasibility of a prodrug approach to the improvement of the therapeutic effectiveness of existing anti-HIV dideoxynucleosides, aiming at more effective penetration into the central nervous system, prolonged duration of action, and decreased cellular and systemic toxicities. DDFC (NSC-614898) was designed and chosen as a representative of this class of agents1 The kinetics of the hydrolysis of the dimethylaminomethylene side chain was investigated using reverse-phase HPLC. At 37°C and pH 7.4 in phosphate buffer, DDFC had a half-life of 4.8 hours. An intermediate containing a conjugated side chain with a retention time of 4.4 min, was observed to rapidly accummulate, reaching a maximum of 10% within 1.5 hours. On the basis of the similarity of its ultraviolet spectrum (determined by a diode-array detector during HPLC analysis) to that of N4acetylcytidine, the intermediate was identified as N4-formyl-3'-F-ddC. A plausible mechanism previously considered2 for the hydrolysis of the dimethylaminomethylene side chain, consistent with our results, is outlined below:


Precise aryl boronic ester- and acid-containing polymers have been synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis. High-molecular weight phenyl boronic acid polymers were synthesized. Cross-linked phenyl boronic acid polymers were also synthesized and demonstrate a unique crystallization behavior not usually seen in cross-linked polymers.