Fiber diameter detection is based on the principle of laser scanning diameter of information transformation,the diameter of the information is transformed into digital data.So it is digital sensor.Because of its unique advantages,people抯 value,and are widely used.This paper describes the principle of laser scanning diameter of information conversion,digital laser detector diameter of the structure,working principle and error analysis.Experimental results are given.


The adsorption of Au on a thin alumina film on NiAl(110) has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy as well as density-functional theory (DFT). Gold monomers are identified as the main surface species at low coverage. According to the DFT, the adatoms are negatively charged and exhibit only a single occupied state in the alumina band gap. These results are compatible with the distinct bias-dependent contrast of Au monomers in the STM. With increasing exposure, Au chains of different length develop on the oxide surface. The adchains exhibit a number of maxima in conductance spectroscopy that are assigned with the help of DFT calculations to two sets of quantum well states with $\text{Au}\text{ }6s\text{\ensuremath{-}}{d}_{z2}$ and $\text{Au}\text{ }p$ character. By analyzing the node structure of the highest occupied states, the charge state of the adchains is determined. Chains containing three to seven Au atoms are found to host up to three excess electrons, in accordance with the charge-transfer model developed for Au adsorption on ultrathin oxide films.


In embedded systems,the power consumption of processors is restricted to a low limit.Asynchronous circuit techniques can be effective methods to design low power processors.In order to meet the performance and power requirements of the multimedia applications in embedded systems,a low power asynchronous microprocessor named "TengYue-Ⅱ" is designed and implemented.A 32-bit on-chip bus,two transport triggered architecture cores,two memory controllers and several communication interfaces form the processor.One processor core is based on asynchronous circuits and the other one is its synchronous counterpart.TengYue-Ⅱ processor is implemented in the UMC 0.18μm CMOS technology and the supply voltage is 1.8V.The area of the chip is 4.89mm×4.89mm.The experimental results show that both cores can run correctly at the frequency of 200MHz and the asynchronous core's power consumption is lower than 50% of the synchronous core.


A fish smoking process was applied using a combination of liquid smoke and steaming at pressures up to 1 bar above atmospheric pressure. Drying and brining prior to smoking have not shown any significant effect on the quality of the trout fillets. The nondried and dried for 4 h trout fillets prior to processing were assessed as slightly more acceptable products, processing yield, sensory analysis, instrumental color, pH, available lysine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and preservation time were estimated. The losses due to processing of the nondried samples were 23.7%, while 28.8% for those dried for 4h. The fillets processed at 1.5 and 2 bar steam pressure were assessed as highly acceptable. Lightness (L*) showed a decreasing trend due to pressure while redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) an increasing one. The destruction of available lysine was low (13.20% ± 1.01) and it was slightly dependent upon the process. No PAHs were detected. The preservation time, studied via total viable count, lactic acid bacteria, existence of Listeria monocytogenes, and sensory analysis, extended to more than 98 days at 4 ± 1 °C. The drying prior to processing seems to affect the preservation time. This processing technique is much simpler, faster, environmental effective, and leads to high quality smoked products.


We introduce a novel physical mechanism for achieving giant quality factors ($Q$-factors) in finite-length periodic arrays of subwavelength optical resonators. The underlying physics is based on interference between the band-edge mode and another standing mode in the array, and the formation of spatially localized states with dramatically suppressed radiative losses. We demonstrate this concept for an array of $N$ dipoles with simultaneous cancellation of multipoles up to $N$-th order and the $Q$ factor growing as $Q \propto N^{\alpha}$, where $\alpha \gtrsim 6.88$. Based on this finding, we propose a realistic array of Mie-resonant nanoparticles ($N \lesssim 29$) with a dramatic enhancement of the Purcell factor (up to $\sim $3400) achieved by tuning of the array parameters.


This paper proposes a new ID-based group authenticated key agreement protocol with a formal security proof in standard model based on the Decision of Bilinear Diffie-Hellman(DBDH) assumption.This protocol considers the dynamic property for group members completely which can solve the problem that the dynamitic of the members.Security performance analysis shows that the protocol can realize the secure key agreement with low computational cost.


The following nonlinear Sturm-Liouville problem is discussed by topological methods.The global structure of the set of positive solutions to the above problem is obtained,and the existence of positive solutions of the above problem is proven under the condition that the nonlinear term f(x,u) does not satisfy f(x,u)≥0(u≥0).


This paper reports findings from research into the possibility that mobility-related social exclusion could be affected by an increase in access to virtual mobility – access to opportunities, services and social networks, via the Internet – amongst populations that experience exclusion. Transport is starting to be recognised as a key component of social policy, particularly in light of a number of recent studies, which have highlighted the link between transport and social exclusion, suggesting that low access to mobility can reduce the opportunity to participate in society – a finding with which this research concurs. Following the identification of this causal link, the majority of studies suggest that an increase in access to adequate physical mobility can provide a viable solution to mobility-related aspects of social exclusion. This paper questions the likelihood that increased physical mobility can, by itself, provide a fully viable or sustainable solution to mobility-related aspects of social exclusion. Findings from both a desk study and public consultation suggest that virtual mobility is already fulfilling an accessibility role, both substituting for and supplementing physical mobility, working to alleviate some aspects of mobility-related social exclusion in some sectors of society. The paper incorporates an analysis of the barriers to and problems with an increase in virtual mobility in society, and concludes that virtual mobility could be a valuable tool in both social and transport policy.


Aerobic exercise is known to reduce resting blood pressure as well as induce and acute post-exercise hypotensive response. Purpose: Determine the effect of repeated bouts of aquatic treadmill exercise on consecutive days in physically untrained, pre-hypertensive men. Methods: Nine male subjects (SBP: 132 ± 8 mmHg; DBP: 79 ± 8 mmHG; 33 ± 8 years; 183 ± 7 cm; 103 ± 31 kg; 32 ± 10% Fat; 36 ± 7 ml·kg-1·min-1) participated in the study. All subjects completed an acute aquatic treadmill exercise session (60% VO2max; 300 kcal) on two consecutive days. Prior to each exercise session and following 10 minutes of seated rest, blood pressure and heart rate were automatically taken every 3 minutes for a total of 3 measurements. Following each exercise session, blood pressure and heart rate were measured automatically every 10minutes from 20 to 60 minutes post while subjects were seated at rest. Pre-exercise and post-exercise measures were averaged. A dependent sample t-test was performed to compare the average values between the first (ATM1) and second (ATM2) exercise sessions. Results: Data are displayed in table below. Both pre-exercise and post-exercise systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures were lower for ATM2. Conclusion: A single bout of ATM exercise resulted in reduced resting blood pressure 24-hours later. Furthermore, post-exercise blood pressure was lower following a second ATM exercise session. These data support both the efficacy of ATM exercise in regulating blood pressure and the cumulative benefit of repeated exercise bouts. Pre-Exercise Post-Exercise SBP DBP MAP HR SBP DBP MAP HR ATM1 Avg 126 78 96 72 124 77 93 83 SD 11 7 7 11 12 7 8 10 ATM2 Avg 121 74 92 70 120 75 91 80 SD 11 7 7 11 10 8 7 13 T-Test 0.035 0.005 0.003 0.113 0.047 0.028 0.034 0.058 All values represent mean ± SD. p-values compare ATM1 vs. ATM2


The problem of malaria is global. Those authorities who are responsible for the rehabilitation of Europe will find Fhe incidence of this disease assuming astronomical figures. Malaria is one of the greatest scourges in the Tropics and sub-Tropics. The loss of infant life is appalling. It is one of the commonest causes of abortion. Russia, the Balkans, Poland, Italy, Spain, and Holland are countries where the disease may become pandemic. With the shifting of large population groups, districts and countries that have happily escaped hitherto may find themselves faced with this dread disease. The Ministry of Health in England is fully alive to the danger and has issued a circular (January, 1944) warning general practitioners. Without wishing to appear pontifical we should remind those who are responsible for blood transfusion of whole blood, not plasma, of the risk of malaria transmission from donors who have served abroad. Now that the hounds of war have been leashed there still remains the battle against disease. Combined operations have proved their worth in war. And so in peace it will be the active and energetic co-operation between hygienist, obstetrician, and paediatrician that will reduce the heavy infant casualties from malaria. Summary Congenital malaria is not infrequent where malaria is endemic. Five cases are recorded (including one of twins). Two other cases have already been published. Prophylactic treatment during pregnancy, and suppressive treatment (0.03 g. of mepacrine daily for six days intramuscularly) of the infected infant, are described. Co-operation between hygienists, obstetricians, and paediatricians is essential for the reduction of infant mortality due to malaria.


We investigate a puzzle in the recent thermodynamics of scalar-tensor gravity, in which general relativity is a zero-temperature state of equilibrium and scalar-tensor gravity is the non-equilibrium configuration of an effective dissipative fluid. A stealth solution of Brans-Dicke gravity with constant positive temperature is shown to be analogous to a metastable state for the effective fluid and to suffer from an instability. The stability analysis employs a version of the Bardeen-Ellis-Bruni-Hwang gauge-invariant formalism for cosmological perturbations adapted to modified gravity. The metastable state is destroyed by tensor perturbations.


The volcanic islands (Dok, Ulleung, and Jeju islands) in East Sea of Korea sit on a backarc basin behind the Japan island arc. East Sea of Korea consists of three ocean basins (Ulleung, Japan, and Sato basins) formed since preOligocene. Of the three basins, Ulleung Basin is least studied and only previously considered to include remnant continental block in the northern end of the basin, where Dok Island and Ulleung Island are located. We investigate seismic evidence of an ancient rifting in a lithospheric structure beneath the islands and eastern margin of Korean Peninsula using teleseismic P-to-S converted phases. Seismic anisotropy in particular can be a signature of the mantle flow during the subduction and extension process. By computing and modeling receiver functions, we retrieve detailed crustal and uppermost mantle structure and anisotropy, and use these geophysical results to understand the origin of the islands and the tectonic evolution of the back-arc basin.


Taking Web of Science (WS)network database as the data source basis, this paper makes inquirement and statistical analysis on the in the published papers of meteorological and atmospheric sciences recorded in WS database during 1989-2008, and obtains the hot key words of with higher frequency in atmospheric sciences in last twenty years and their variation trend of the published papers with these key words.


Is it essential for an economic power to engage as mediator in international conflicts? What makes big powers intervene in the conflicts of Third World countries? Besides its economic interests, is it an essential attribute of a big power to act as mediator in the major conflicts of the world? It has been a customary characteristic of big powers since the Cold War to use their influence in mediating complex issues which, if successful, further consolidate their position and capacity to engage internationally as mediators. It also might be part of a process as follows: the assumption of economic or military independence; a global interdependent role; and engagement in international conflicts.


Photoelectron holes are key players in photoelectrochemical water oxidation. They provide the basis for direct solar fuel production in photoelectrochemical cells. Physics and chemistry in semiconductor photoelectrochemistry are probably the most complex known in physical chemistry. Therefore it is not surprising that the science of solar water splitting rests still on some speculative elements. Thanks to progress in synchrotron instrumentation, x-rays and electrons as probes for chemical and physical processes arenow used in complex experiments during device operation. The studies which were impossible until recently are spectacular. We show how we assess with x-ray based ligand and valence band NEXAFS and AP-XPS spectroscopy the density of hole states in photoelectrodes as a function of electrochemical parameters and at the same time find quantitative information on surface intermediates. We can resolve the interaction of the photoelectrode with the electrolyte down to the Fe3d and O2p orbitals with bias parametrized energetic and spatial depth resolution, including the charge carrier accumulation layer, the electrode surface and the Helmholtz layer. The x-ray electronic structure data are in full alignment with the charge carrier dynamics probed with electroanalytical methods. Noteworthy is that we verify and confirm a historically speculated second electron hole, which corresponds to a transition into the charge transfer band, which precedes the water splitting and coincides with the formation of a hydroxyl intermediate. Latter disappears when water oxidation sets on.


ABSTRACT A study was(tonducted of White, Black, and Hispanic parepts with children enrolled in south Los Angeles County private Christian schools, in order to determine and compare their expectations of the schools. The increase in Christian school enrollment during the IlgO's has been attributed to both -white flight from-contemporaneous desegregation mandates and dissatisfaction with the secular humanism philosophy of public schools. The minority segment in the 44 evangelical Christian schools in this area has raised theAuesti.on'of whether minority parental expectations are different from white parental expectations. However, the interviews held with a itratifi01 random sample of 147 parents found all three ethnic groups preferred the evangelical Christian school because of its Christ-centeredcurriculum, with no apparent significant difference in the expectations of the ethnic groups. Strong academics, a disciplined environment, and a caring staff were alio important reasons for enrollment. Since religion was a major factor in attracting parents to the private Christian school, the offering of alternative education approaches by the public school system is not likely to bring them back. (DCS)


A connected graph G of order n is called m-good if r(Km,G) = (m-1)(n-1) + 1 . Let f(m,n) be the largest integer q such that every connected graph of order n and size q is m-good and let g(m,n) be the largest q for which there exists a connected graph G of order n and size q which is m-good . Asymptotic bounds are given for f and g .


The separation and enrichment of trace rare earth elements including La,Nd,Eu,Gd,Er and Yb with polypropylene radical strong acid cation exchange fiber and determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)were studied.Under optimizing the conditions,rare earth elements were sorbed at column completely when test solution was pH 3 and the flow rate is between 6 and 14 mL/min.The coexisting elements of K,Na,Mg,Ca,Ba,Cu,Zn,Fe and Al could mostly be removed by pre-eluting with 0.5 mol/L HNO3,and then rare earth elements could be eluted quantitatively with 10 mL of 2.5 mol/L HNO3.The detection limit of the method is as follow: 0.016 ng/mL for La,0.051 ng/mL for Nd,0.006 ng/mL for Eu,0.029 ng/mL for Gd,0.048 ng/mL for Er,0.006 ng/mL for Yb.The recoveries for those rare earth elements in simple water and synthetic water samples were in the range of 88.0 %-110 %,and the RSDs were between 0.3% and 2.7 %.A aquo-system sediments standard reference material(GBW07311)was used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method.It was found that the results of La,Nd,Eu,Gd,Er and Yb obtained using proposed method showed concordance with certified values with RSD of 1.1%-5.2 %.


This paper presents a theoretical analysis, for a noncoherent multi-tone code division multiple access (MT-CDMA) system with post-detection diversity combining, in terms of average bit error rate (BER) performance. The study considers slowly Rician fading and frequency selective channels in the indoor environment with differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulation. Here, the influence of the order of diversity and number of tones is studied for given bandwidth, bit rate and transmitter power. The paper also compares the BER performance of this system with its coherent counterpart.


Introduction/Aim: Microbiology and heamatology of natural population of Clarias gariepinus from three ponds (earthen, concrete and plastic) were investigated with a view of establishing species specific baseline values for these parameters Method: Total Coliform Count (TCC), Salmonella-Shigella Count (SSC), Vibrio Count (VC), Total Bacterial Count (TBC) and Total Enterobacteriaceae Count (TEC) were done with selective agars using pour plate techniques. Also, blood was collected from caudal vein and haematologic parameters such as Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were determined using autoanalyser. Result: The microbial count did not vary significantly (P<0.05) between the ponds except in Salmonella-Shigella Count (SSC) where plastic pond recorded the least count. Nine different genera of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., and Streptococcus sp. However, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Enterobactersp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia were present in the three ponds. In the haematological assay, the haemoglobin concentration, PCV and RBC were significantly (P<0.05) higher in fish grown in earthen pond than others while the WBC were lower in earthen pond sample compared to the other ponds. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the type of pond used to rear fish can alter microbiological quality of pond water and hematological parameters of fish culture.


This article highlights the problems involved in implementing CLIL methodology. A general framework is initially offered as to how CLIL is applied in Italy institutionally. Then, thanks to the underwriter's experience as a CLIL educator and researcher, other issues will be taken into consideration, such as contextualization, teachers, and balancing between language and content in order to realize a CLIL process in line with the language and content objectives established by its design. The purpose of this study is therefore to elaborate suitable practices that result being a helpful tool to teachers working in a CLIL environment.


To assess the applicability of plasma deposited coatings made of typical high-alloy steel for corrosion protection, the properties of steel CSN 17 346 (equivalent of AISI 316) were studied. Plasma spraying was conducted by a water-stabilized plasma gun. In addition to coatings deposited under standard spraying conditions, deposits with slightly reduced porosity and oxide amount and, on the contrary, others with high porosity and extremely high oxide content were tested. Two experimental methods were used: measurement of potentiodynamic polarization curves accelerated corrosion test. From the polarization curves, the values of the critical passivation current density and the passivation potential were determined. The accelerated corrosion test yielded the weight gain in each test cycle. The results show that the deposits are less resistant than bulk 17 346 steel. This appears to be mainly a consequence of coating porosity and chromium depletion of steel during its plasma spraying. On the other hand, the electrochemical and corrosion characteristics of the coatings are much more favourable than those of bulk unalloyed low-carbon steel. Acetylene shrouding (or, in general, shrouding by a reactive gas consuming oxygen which penetrates from the atmosphere into the plasma jet) reduces both the porosity and the oxide amount in the deposit and improves slightly its corrosion behaviour.


This paper is devoted to the elaboration of spatial indexing methods implemented by means of decomposition technique. Special attention is given to decomposition based on regular octrees, which is known to provide efficient solution for collision detection and spatial query problem and being applicable not only to sets of point data, but also to spatially extended objects. Based on probabilistic analysis, complexity estimations are evaluated for model set of data. They generalize previous results and serve as theoretical background to wide practical application of discussed methods.


Many recent studies have shown that maternal deprivation has important effects on the psychological and neurobiological development of the child. Puerperal depression, when persistent, predisposes to child abuse and negligence. This paper aims at reviewing studies published as of 1988 that demonstrated changes in the neurological, endocrine, mental and behavioral development of children born from depressed puerperal women. Environmental influence was also


Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Expertise Centre Pharmacotherapy in Old Persons (EPHOR), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Pharmacy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Department of Internal Medicine section Pharmacotherapy and Research & Expertise Center In Pharmacotherapy Education (RECIPE), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands


This paper summarizes the research and application progress of NARI-RELAYS in protection based on DPFC, and introduces the key technology employed in line, busbar, transformer and generator protection. It is pointed out that integration of main and backup protection in one device and duplicate allocation are reasonable and beneficial.


The effect of aeration time,DO concentration and inlet COD loading on the COD and nitrogen removal efficiency in biofilm simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND)is studied.Results show that total nitrogen removal efficiency has a tendency to rise with the decrease of DO concentration between 1.0 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L in the reactor and the proper DO concentration is about 2.0 mg/L.The optimal organic loading which can reach the best nitrogen removal efficiency is 1.152 kg/(m 3·d) in the range of inlet COD loading from 0.864 kg/(m 3·d) to 1.440 kg/(m 3·d).The lower or higher organic loading may decrease the total nitrogen removal efficiency.


In order to meet the needs of containerizing transportation and storage modernization,external dimensions of box-type logistic equipment must be modularized.Based on "outer to inner" idea of packaging design and modularization method,external plan dimensions of box-type logistic equipment were designed in standardization and modularization,and height dimensions were given.The dimension series after design can combine as modulus or in multiple,thereby serialization,composition and modularization levels of box-type logistic equipment were highly improved.


This paper describes the use of primary organic chemistry literature in an honors sophomore-level organic chemistry course. The main goal is to expose students to the primary literature of organic chemistry, demonstrating how they can understand and benefit from using it. The assignment encouraged students to communicate about organic chemistry with colleagues and professors and addresses issues in chemical education such as scientific writing, understanding the scientific process, relating lecture material to the real world, and conducting literature searches. Finally, the assignment complements other courses at the University of Massachusettes at Amherst in the evolution of scientific writing and journal skills for chemistry majors. The student evaluation of this assignment, consisting of surveys, focus groups, and anecdotal comments, were positive and argued for its usefulness and continuation. The details of the evaluative instruments and their results are provided. These include how the students loca...


In order to extract useful information from EM images, such as segmentation, it is compulsory to characterize regions structurally, as well as contextually. For that reason, we propose a multistage decision mechanism that utilizes underlying differential geometric properties of objects in a biologically inherited framework. Consequently, we start with an initial feature selection procedure to select most relevant features to characterize distinct regions, such as membrane, cytoplasm and outliers. Similar to a topographic map, a random-forest classifier is employed to highlight mountain ridge like structures, e.g. membranes as well as plateaus, e.g. cytoplasm. In order to extract the underlying geometry of structures on this topographic map, especially membrane like structures, principal surface analysis is utilized. This unsupervised technique returns highly sparse yet accurate low dimensional representation of the data and especially characterizes membrane like regions. A task specific, second stage decision mechanism is employed to distinguish contextually different mitochondria and cell boundary membranes. This second stage learning/decision mechanism is based on the appearance, the initial topographic map with its low dimensional reconstruction and expert supervision on different types of membranes. Initial results on individual EM slices indicate that the proposed approach can successfully segment objects with minimal expert supervision and can potentially form a basis for a larger scale volumetric data interpretation.


Any policy includes two elements: value orientation and factual evidence. As modern executive policy is a highly comprehensive and complex action of public organizations, its practice should be based on science, which is required in meeting the challenges of the times. At the same time, the democratization is a reflection of modern civilization. Therefore, the harmony between the process of science and democratization is the basic value mechanism of modern public policy-making.


In a leech infesting the Alaskan codfish germinal masses in the ovary proliferate secondary groups, comprising about forty cells in which a follicle and central supporting cell early differentiate. Active division results in approximately 500 cells which apparently develop ductules extending to a point on the surface of the egg. Granules of unknown origin then appear in each nurse cell, and are drawn down the ductules into the egg which can now be distinguished. Reasons are given for the belief that the nutritive material is drained from the nurse cells by amoeboid activity of the egg. In early stages the nutritive mateiral forms a loose reticulum which gradually becomes transformed into a more extensive network, persisting until the maturation divisions. In this latest period the follicle and nurse cells, which become shrunken as the ovum enlarges, usually are stripped off and soon disintegrate.


The "Tatara Bridge" is the world's longest steel-concrete hybrid cable stayed bridge, measuring 1 480 m in total length and 890 m in the main span. The side spans consist of steel and prestressed concrete (PC) girders. Many confirmation tests were previously carried out for expected problems during erection works. The bridge fabrication is described.


Data on the former restoration works (1905-1907, 1922-1923) of the interior of Notre-Dame church at Eichstatt, Bavaria/Germany decorated by G. Gabrieli and others in the first half of the 18th century. Discussion of the pros and cons of the exposure of the original Baroque mural paintings and stuccoes. Finally it was decided to remove overpaintings and former restoration work reconstructing the original polychrome setting. Appendix: report on the restoration of J.G. Bergmuller's frescoes, by J. Pursche.


Composition for cleaning or rinsing in aqueous or hydroalcoholic medium of hard surfaces, comprising at least one surfactant, at least one polybetaine (B), the weight ratio being polybetaine (B) / surfactant agent (s) between 1/1 and 1/1000, said polybetaine (B) being characterized in that: * it has betaine functions carried by pendant groups * carries, in a pH range from 1 to 14, a permanent anionic global charge and a permanent cationic global charge, each beta unit unit carrying as much permanent anionic charge (s) as permanent cationic charge (s), - providing the permanent cationic charge for one or more onium or inium cations of the sulfur, or nitrogen phosphorus family, - the betaine functions being represented, in the case of the nitrogen family cations by the formulas (I) to (V) that have a cationic charge in the center of the function and an anionic charge at the end of the function and of formula (VI) having an anionic charge at the center of the function and a cationic charge at the end of the function, as follows: -N (+) (R1) (R2) -RAO (-) (I) - (R3) C> = N (+) (R4) -RAO (-) (II) - (R3) (R) C - N (+) (R4) (R5) - RAO (-) (III) -N (+) (> = R6) -RAO (-) (IV) -N (+) (R1) (R2) -RW (-) (V) -R-A '( -O (-)) - RN (+) (R1) (R2) (R7) (VI) formulas (I) to (IV) in which, - the symbols R1, R2 and R5, similar or different, represent a alkyl radical containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 2 carbon atoms - the symbols R3 and R4 represent hydrocarbon radicals that form, with the nitrogen atom, a nitrogen heterocycle which optionally comprises one or more other heteroatoms , in particular nitrogen - the symbol R6 represents a hydrocarbon radical that forms, with the nitrogen atom, a nitrogen, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, possibly comprising one or more other The heteroatoms, of nitrogen in particular - the symbol R represents a linear or branched alkylene radical comprising 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy groups, or a benzylene radical - the symbol A represents S (> = O) (> = O), OP (> = O) (> = O), OP (> = O) (OR '), P (> = O) (OR') or P (> = O) (R '), in which R' represents an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical formula (V) in which - the symbols R1, R2 and R they have the definition given above - the symbol W represents an ethenolate function of formula OC (O (-)> = C (C≡N) 2 OC (O) -C (-) (C≡N) 2 OC (O) - C (-C> = N) (≡C> = N (-)) formula (VI) in which the symbols R1 and R2, have the definition given above - the symbol R7, similar or different from R1 or R2, represents an alkyl radical containing 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms - the symbol A 'represents -OP (> = O) -O- * and has an average molar mass in absolute mass (Mw) allant of 5,000 to 3,000,000 g / mol, preferably 8,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol, very particularly between 10,000 and 500,000 g / mol, characterized in that polybetaine (B) is selected from * homopolymers formed from betaines selected from those of formulas (-SPE-), (-SPP-), (-SHPE-) and (- SHPP-) following ** Formula ** - sulfobetaine homopolymers derived from 2-vinylpyridine of formula ** Formula ** - copolymers formed from betaine units of which at least two are different and selected from those of formulas (-SPE -), (-SPP-), (SHPE-) and (SHPP) above - copolymers formed of similar or different betaine units, selected from those of formulas (- SPE-), (-SPP-), (-SHPE- ) 10 and (-SHPP-) above, of methacrylic acid units, the amount of methacrylic acid units representing less than 50 mol%, preferably less than 30 mol% of said cop olimers, with said polybetaine (B) containing less than 50% by weight of non-ionic, non-ionogenic, anionic or potentially anionic monomer units at the pH of the composition or at the pH of use of the composition.


A comment by Miller was published in the August 1989 issue of Environment and Planning A, which makes an intriguing comparison of a paper by Chen and Rose with one by myself. His comment concerns the uses of various terminologies in the literature on supply-driven and demand-driven input—output models and the claims to have defined terms such as 'stability', 'joint stability', and 'consistency'. Further, generalizations are made on the basis of a specific set of aggregated data for the US economy to show that biproportional changes suggested in my theorem are unlikely to be observed in the real world. I will show that Miller adds no illumination to the issues of 'stability' or 'consistency', and that, in fact, his comment accomplishes nothing of import. His comment could also leave us with the impression that the USA is the only 'real-world' example worthy of comment.


The sound pressure level of wheel squeal has been shown to increase with the angle of attack and rolling speed in both field and laboratory tests, but the causes behind the manner of increase are still unknown. To investigate this, a model in the time domain was extended by utilising nonlinear rolling contact theory developed specially for wheel squeal. This model is used to simulate the vibration velocity of a testrig wheel at different rolling speed and angle of attack. The results correlate well with the recorded sound pressure level of wheel squeal in laboratory tests. It was found that due to the interaction of wheel vibration with lateral force and lateral creepage the vibration velocity amplitude of the wheel increases with angle of attack and rolling speed increases. This explains why the sound pressure level of wheel squeal also increases in the same manner. The phenomenon is explained theoretically using the mechanics based model.


1.82 respectively. A significant increase of power input due to the enhancement of the lift has been found at a frequency higher than 1.7432Hz. Such augmentation is detrimental to the propulsive efficiency even though the thrust is significantly enhanced. A maximum propulsive efficiency of 18% is obtained at the frequency of 1.7432Hz and amplitude-to- chord ratio of 17.5%. A train of shedding vortices opposing signs has been detected from the leading and trailing edges correlated with the thrust productions. No extraordinary propulsion characteristics of the plunging NACA 0012 wing are seen.


Summary form only given. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy was used for the investigation of the temporal evolution of neutral species concentrations in air plasma, which is produced by a 100 keV electron beam at pressures from 760 Torr down to 1 Torr. The spectrometer applied is based on a set of fiber-coupled distributed feedback lasers. Absorption spectra of species (H2O, OH, CO2, CO, NO and N2O) in near infrared (1.3 -1.8 nm) were recorded with resolution ~ 1 ms. Temperatures and absolute values for the concentrations were found over a broad dynamic range. Possibilities for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio are outlined.


The magnetization of diluted nanoparticle systems ${[{\mathrm{Co}}_{80}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{20}({t}_{n})∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})]}_{10}$ with ${t}_{n}=0.7$ and $0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ reveals strong paramagnetic contributions at low temperatures. They are due to atomically small magnetic clusters, which are undetectable in transmission electron microscopy and surround nanoparticles with saturating field-cooled magnetization. Zero field memory effects unequivocally discriminate between superspin glass and superparamagnetic behavior for ${t}_{n}=0.7$ and $0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, respectively.


Planning and predicting the processes of biological tissues heating associated with therapeutic effects involves high-precision mathematical modelling. However, the thermophysical properties of tissues can vary greatly from patient to patient. The paper presents a computational and experimental method for identifying mathematical models of heat transfer, not involving the placement of temperature sensors inside of the studied object. The experimental setup consists of a flat sample of the material, a laser setup, and a thermal imaging camera. The surface thermal response to the pulsed heat flux of the laser is an array of input data for the developed software package. The heat transfer coefficient and heat flux density are determined iteratively by minimizing the residual functional between the calculated and experimental values. The method was tested when determining the characteristics of a specimen of low-pressure polyethylene. The result was obtained in 5 iterations and under the influence of external natural convection, and without taking into account the translucency of the material, a discrepancy of calculated and experimental values of 3.5% was shown. The method can be used to plan the therapeutic process in order to ensure its maximum effectiveness.


Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the level of alcohol-based sanitizer, mask use, and physical distancing across indoor community settings in Guelph, ON, Canada, and to identify potential barriers to practicing these behaviors. Methods: Shoppers were observed in June 2022 across 21 establishments. Discrete in-person observations were conducted and electronically recorded using smartphones. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to identify possible covariates for the 3 behavioral outcomes. Results: Of 946 observed shoppers, 69% shopped alone, 72% had at least 1 hand occupied, 26% touched their face, 29% physically distanced ≥ 2 m, 6% used hand sanitizer, and 29% wore masks. Sanitizer use was more commonly observed among people who wore masks and in establishments with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) signage posted at the entrance. Mask use was more commonly observed during days without precipitation and in establishments with some or all touch-free entrances. Shoppers more commonly physically distanced ≥ 2 m when they were shopping alone. Conclusions: This supports evidence for environmental context influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Intervention efforts aimed at visible signage, tailored messaging, and redesigning spaces to facilitate preventive behaviors may be effective at increasing adherence during outbreaks.


Abstract As smartphone penetration increases are mobile payments service are expanding. Mobile Commerce software market is trend that is soaring. Accordingly, high reliability Mobile Commerce request of high quality are enlarged. And The greater amount of data is going to be more mobile commerce market situation is also gradually increased. In this paper, I surveyed and analysed the general trend and test/certification trend of mobile commerce software, and developed the mobile commerce software quality evaluation metrics base on ISO/IEC 9126 and ISO/IEC 12119, the standard about the quality evaluation. Key Words : Mobile Commerce, Software, Quality Evaluation, Test Evaluation * "이 논문은 2013년 호서대학교의 재원으로 학술연구비 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임"(2013-0325)Received 10 November 2014, Revised 29 December 2014Accepted 20 February 2015Corresponding Author: Hae-Sool Yang(Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University)Email: firstname.lastname@example.comⒸ The Society of Digital Policy & Management. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is ISSN: 1738-1916 properly cited.


In this paper, we present the results and analyses of vibration-energy-harvesting performances based on single crystal beam. A novel piezoelectric beam cantilever structure is used to measure the generated AC voltage during the vibration. The energy-harvesting capability of piezoelectric single crystal was measured, and the prototype based on a unimorph cantilever structure with a proof mass which were designend to operate at a vibration frequency of about 60 Hz. These tests show that several AC voltages and sub-mW power were achieved. Using the measured mechanical damping ratio and electro-mechanical coupling coecient of the device, we calculated the output power and compared it with the above measured results.


Exposure to mycobacteria is known to be a potent trigger of type 1 cytokine response. Previously published data suggest that immunological priming with


Two pressure pipelines for delivering different dangerous chemicals were inspected,and several weld defects were checked out.Finite element calculation of the pipelines under actual operation cases were carried out with ANSYS software.The stresses of the pipelines under different cases were analyzed and assessed.The detected main defects were assessed by fracture and fatigue based on the British standard BS 7910 and Chinese standard GB/T 19624.Analysis and assessment results show that the pipelines are safe and fit-for-use under normal operating condition in period to next inspection.


Background: To search for molecular biomarkers of pulmonary pathologies using non-invasive samples, such as urine, is of high clinical relevance. However, there are almost no proteomic studies using urine applied to respiratory diseases. Aim(s): To develop a biomarker discovery strategy using non-targeted proteomics in urine with applicability to different pulmonary diseases. Method(s): Urine samples were centrifuged and DTT treated to decrease uromodulin (THP). Low-THP samples were concentrated (ultrafiltration), ultracentrifugated, and exosome free urine was analysed using LC-MS/MS. GO terms/Pathway analyses were performed using STRING database. Result(s): Urine proteome (765 proteins) was enriched (FDR < 0.05) in proteins from different tissues, including respiratory system (N = 124), lung (N = 107), and immune system (N = 88). We detected an enrichment of relevant pathways for respiratory diseases, including several innate (e.g., TLR and NFkB pathways, complement system), and adaptive (e.g., interleukin signalling) immune system pathways. Some of these proteins have been previously studied in respiratory system disease (e.g., MPO, NAPSA, CHL1, FREM2, PLG), lower respiratory tract disease (e.g., NCAM1, MTOR, SERPINA1), viral infectious disease (e.g., ITIH4, CD209, CLEC4M, CD55), or specific pathologies such as coronavirus infection (e.g., ACE2, TMPRSS2), bronchiectasis (e.g., SAA1, SAA2, ELANE) or asthma (e.g., IGFALS, IGFBP7, HSPG2, DPP4, CD44, IL6R, MASP1). Conclusion(s): We have developed a protocol for the detection of proteomic biomarkers in urine. This proteome is enriched in proteins from the immune and respiratory systems, with a potential clinical and translational relevance.


Water-based foam cleaner is made through some special filling processes in two parts.One is water-based cleaner with a little alkalescence as base material,which is made by using some environmental friendly surfactants,corrosion inhibitor and deionized water etc;another is aerosol propellant at a suitable ratio.This article mainly studied the effect of type and ratio of substantial materials and the matching propellants on the property of the water-based aerosol foam cleaner.The basic formulation was obtained by doing series of experiments and testing.The results showed that it has excellent epispastic feature when the ratio of m(water-based cleaner)to m(aerosol propellant: LPG) is 10∶1.It can effectively remove dirt from the surface of home and office furniture,electrical equipments,car decoration and metal.At the sane time,the product showed good anti-bacterial property and the corrosion to metal is near zero as well.


An electrophysical model of the micro-arc oxidation process, which allows, on the basis of the equivalent electrical circuit and fundamental laws of physics and chemistry, to describe the formation mechanism of protective coatings by the micro-arc oxidation method taking into account the large number of physical effects inherent in this process is proposed. The proposed model can be used to increase the controllability of micro-arc oxidation technology.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article is to review studies evaluating how contrast concentration affects MDCT of the body and to report IV contrast infusion protocols from MDCT angiography and MDCT of abdominal tumors.

CONCLUSION
Higher concentrations (350 mg I/mL or greater) may improve visualization of small abdominal arteries. However, preliminary data comparing 300 mg I/mL to higher concentrations for MDCT of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer have shown that higher concentrations may not increase tumor conspicuity.


Books dealing with current affairs in Macao, whatever the language, do not come often; good publications about Macao are even rarer. At least three sets of reasons can explain this dearth of academic production. First, the Special Administrative Region is small – 650,000 inhabitants on a land area of slightly more than 30 sq. km – and thus does not attract much attention, as its relevance within the broader perspective of China's evolution is considered marginal and is clearly over-shadowed b...


OBJECTIVE
The analyse the efficacy and safety of conservative treatment for T1G3 and T2-T3a bladder carcinoma.

DESIGN
Retrospective.

SETTING
National Cancer Institute/Anthoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

METHODS
Between 1987 and 1994 (7 years) 63 patients with T1G3 or T2-T3a tumours < 5 cm diameter were treated with a combined approach consisting of a transurethral resection, a course of external irradiation (30 Gy in 15 fractions) to the bladder and an Iridium-192 implant procedure.

RESULTS
After a mean follow-up of 4.2 years (range 3 months to 7.2 years) 42 patients were alive without tumour. Fourteen patients died from bladder cancer and 4 patients died from intercurrent disease. Three patients were alive with non-curable cancer. Nine patients had an isolated bladder relapse. Seven of these could be salvaged with cystectomy (3 patients) or transurethral resection (4 patients). Eight patients developed distant metastases only and 7 patients distant metastases combined with bladder recurrence. The 5 year actuarial survival was 66%. Acute and late morbidity was limited and mainly related to the surgical procedure.

CONCLUSION
Bladder conservation using Iridium-192 implantation is an effective and safe procedure and in selected group of patients with bladder cancer it is a good alternative to radical cystectomy.


As a part of the physiological investigations upon nitrification carried on in this laboratory, the isolation of pure cultures of the nitrite-forming organisms became a necessity. Since difficulties in the isolation of these organisms have been encountered by many workers in the field of soil bacteriology, and since no accurate description of the organisms of nitrification from North American soils has been published as yet, it was deemed advisable to describe the organisms responsible for the formation of nitrites in the Ohio soils and the methods used in their isolation. The following contribution, which is the result of a long period of study, is here given to describe an organism, capable of forming nitrites from ammonia, isolated in a pure state from Wooster soil after many unsatisfactory attempts.


Respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from fresh and aged potato tuber tissue has been determined. No significant change in activity of the particles (expressed per unit N) was observed as a result of aging. However, the yield of mitochondrial material increased with aging. It has been suggested that the commonly observed stimulation of respiration that accompanies aging of potato tissue can be attributed largely to an inerease in the mitochondrial population rather than to a stimulation of the particles per se, and that this increase results from a fission of pre-existing mitochondria.

The respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from unaged tissue was found to decline following storage of the tubers in the cold for extended periods. This decline was attributed to a loss of cristae structure in the particles, as observed microscopically. The possibility that this reduction in structural organization might be associated with changes in the state of dormancy of the tissue was considered.


The aim of this paper is to present the conceptual basis for examining the effects of activities, performed within the 'traditional' nonprofit strategic marketing, on the fundraising success. A review of the existing theoretical and empirical studies in the field of fundraising is provided. Open questions in fundraising are addressed, with the special attention devoted to the identification of marketing activities that could ensure higher fundraising, as well as the overall performance of nonprofit organizations. Based on the existing literature, it is proposed that long-term relationships with donors and implementation of the 'traditional' marketing activities are crucial to fundraising, with the fundraising serving as a feedback for nonprofit strategic marketing. This paper also analyzes the situation and prospects of fundraising in the nonprofit sector in Croatia. Further suggestions for the empirical verification of the proposed theoretical model are made, along with the recommendations for future research.


We conduct an experiment with regular sports bettors in Tanzania to investigate how they value their bets and form expectations about winning probabilities. By comparing a sports bet to a neutral urn-and-balls lottery with identical odds, we find that subjects under the sports framing assign higher subjective values (certainty equivalents) to their bets and are significantly more optimistic about their chances of winning, even though, in fact, they are not more likely to win. This is consistent with bettors being overconfident in their ability to predict sports outcomes. Coupled with data on betting frequency and motives, our results suggest that, by leveraging gamblers' overconfidence, sports betting magnifies their financial losses


A monoclonal antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (MoAb‐ELISA) was developed to measure the major Dermatophagoides mite allergens, Der p I and Der f I, The assay was highly species‐specific and sensitive. Using this assay system, the absolute mass unit of Der p I and Der fI in the reference preparations of the extracts was estimated. The primary standards used were the purified Der p I and Der f I preparations. The reference preparations of the D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae extracts (92‐Dp) and 92‐Df), which had been prepared from the same amount of mite bodies of both species, were found to contain the same levels of the Der I allergens, 10.1 μg/ml of Der p I and 10.0 μg/ml of Der f I, respectively. A histamine release assay with leucocytes from mite‐allergic donors showed that the total allergenic potency of 92‐Dp and 92‐Df was comparable. This result indicates that the estimated Der I levels in these extracts seem to be valid, at least, in the balanece between the two species, although further comparisons of the absolute quantities by several different laboratories are needed. The Der I levels in the WHO/IUIS international reference preparation of D. pteronyssinus and the CBER standard mite extracts, E4‐Dp and E5‐Df, were also estimated using this assay system. They were found to contain 4.4 μg/viaI and 13.3 μg/ml of Der p I and 9.5 μg/ml of Der f I, respectively.


The invention provides a wind shield structure, an air outlet structure and an air conditioner. The wind shield structure comprises a wind shield, a driving motor, a gear and a tooth form rail. The driving motor is arranged in the wind shield, the gear is mounted on the driving motor and protrudes out of the wind shield to be meshed with a rack of the tooth form rail, the driving motor drives the gear to rotate, and the gear is meshed with the rack of the tooth form rail so as to drive the wind shield to move on the tooth form rail. The wind shield is pushed to move by meshing of the gear and the rack, and the motor and the gear are mounted in the wind shield, thus, space on a bottom shell for arranging the motor and the gear is not needed, and the integral size of the air conditioner can be reduced. Meanwhile, the problem of influence on air flow in the bottom shell due to the arrangement space can be avoided.


From the Spanish era (1769-1821) into the Mexican period (1822-1846), Franciscan missionaries vied with provincial governors and their subordinates to rule Indians. The Spanish Crown, and later independent Mexico, expected each group to help convert the Native Californians into tax-paying Catholics, but the rivals debated who would supervise the transformation. The clamor attracted many participants. Priests from other orders, foreign visitors, American emigres, and military men? indeed military men often doubled as governors?likewise wondered what kind of regimen to impose on the Indians. These outsiders, however, rarely contributed new ideas and left the conflict to the devices of the Franciscans and provincial executives. At one remove, California's dispute resembles the church-state conflicts that con vulsed Latin America and Europe into the nineteenth century. In Mexico, France, and Spain, the members of each institution argued that only one side cared for the people while the other threatened religious fanaticism or anarchy. California's con test follows similar logic. From the beginning of settlement, the Franciscans in sisted that the province and its native inhabitants prospered from the clergy's guid ance. The priests filled mission lands with cattle or orchards. Amid the plenty appeared Indians, who, by yielding to the lure of gifts, or even to the occasional dis play of force, abandoned their pagan ways and accepted instruction in the Catholic religion. Initially, the civil administrators had few means to challenge the priests' eco nomic and spiritual influence. Undaunted, the governors and some settlers protested that the mission routine stifled initiative and left the neophytes (Indian converts) helpless before their Franciscan tutors. The critics, many envious of Franciscan lands


Psychosis is a symptom of serious mental illness that is usually associated with adult life, but a significant group of people develop it in adolescence. Psychosis in adolescence is more complicated than in adults because of the young person's maturity level and personality development. It has an impact on psychosocial functioning, cognitive development and quality of life. Early intervention is vital to recovery and empowerment is a key factor in the process. The adolescent's ability to engage with empowerment is influenced by factors such as coping, decision-making skills and effective communication.


The static states and reversal processes of write head are studied and compared by two micromagnetic models with sawtooth edges or smooth edges, respectively. In the calculation of magnetostatic interaction with smooth edges, the analytical expression of demagnetization matrix for right-angle triangular prism clusters at hypotenuse has been found. The static domain structures in the main pole tip of both models have a slight difference and differ a little more with higher exchange constant. The switching processes in the two models also have similar behavior, except when the down-track film thickness is less than the pole tip width. Both the exchange field and film thickness affect the ultimate magnetization perpendicular to media and the speed of reversal.


A chromatic and spherical aberration corrector with liquid Ga ion metal source was developed. The aberration corrector reduced the ion probe diameter to ∼1.5 times smaller for the 69Ga+ beam in aberration correction mode compared with the corrector in non-aberration correction mode. The probe current at a given probe size is approximately two times larger in aberration correction mode than in non-aberration correction mode. The aberration-corrected focused ion beam yields higher lateral resolutions and higher sensitivities with lower acceleration voltage for the same acquisition time down to 10 nm with a current of 1 pA.


This note is an attempt to substantiate the following claim: The readiness of legal systems to recognize the defendant's right of silence as evidence against him is influenced by the position taken by that legal system towards the defendant's right, when testifying in his defense, not to be investigated about his criminal past. I will elaborate on this claim below, having reference to a number of systems in comparative law.


The key structural parameter for greater enhancement of infrared absorption on metal nanostructures was identified by systematic and exhaustive surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) measurements for well-defined periodic gold square column (SC) arrays on silicon wafers fabricated using electron beam lithography. The SC arrays have size parameters compatible with those of vacuum-evaporated thin metal films, which are used conventionally for SEIRA. The crucially important parameter determining the enhancement factor for infrared absorption is the ratio of the gap size to the nanoparticle size. An electrostatic SC model calculation based on a nonresonant-type electromagnetic mechanism shows good quantitative agreement with experimental observations of enhanced infrared absorption of adsorbed species. Furthermore, results show that the electrostatic SC model contains the previously proposed lightning-rod effect's case. The clarified enhancement mechanism for infrared absorption of molecules adsorbed on...


High levels of wind power penetration will tend to affect prices in a deregulated electricity market. Much of the analysis in the literature has focused on the effect that wind power has on average electricity prices. This paper attempts to investigate the effect that wind power production has on the variability of wholesale electricity prices in the spot market. I use a simple distributed lag model and five years worth of hourly and daily data from Denmark, which is one of the few places with a long history of


Background: Compliance to antibiotic regimen is one among several measures required to prevent antibacterial resistance. As there is paucity of published information on compliance to antibiotics in respiratory infections in Ajman, UAE, it is hoped that this study can fill the gap in knowledge. Objectives: 1. To estimate the rate of compliance to antibiotics in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI). 2. To identify the most frequently prescribed antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. 3. To determine the extent to which certain factors influence the rate of compliance. 4. To identify the most common side effects associated with antibiotic use. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out using a validated, self-administered questionnaire which addressed socio-demographic characteristics, Medical history and questions on compliance and reasons for non-compliance. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 and Chi-square test was used to test the significance of association. A p-value of Key words: Regimen, Therapy, Non-compliance, Compliance, Adherence, Patient counseling, Antibiotics.


The magnetic susceptibility of the quasi-ID antiferromagnet CsMnC13.2H20 (CMC) doped by cobalt and copper impurities in respective atomic concentrations 3.4x10-~ and 1.7~10 2, 3.4x10-~ has been measured versus field and temperature down to 1.2 K. A net decrease of the NEells temperature TN due to impurities was observed. From T and N temperature dependence of susceptibility above 30 K in Cu doped CMC, the absolute value of the Cu-Mn superexchange interaction was determined. In addition the spin-flop field is strongly depressed by impurities. The observed reduction is not explained by meanfield theory. Several studies on CsMnC13.2H20 (CMC) /I, 2/ have shown that this salt becomes antiferromagnetic below Neel's temperature T = 4.89 K. With N temperatures above TN, CsMnC13.2H20 is well represented by I-D Heisenberg model. The exchange inte++ gral between neighbor Mn belonging to the same chain is about 3 K, the interchain exchange about 0.03 K. Such a system is very sensitive to the presence of impurities. In effect, the latter cut the chains, shorten the correlation length and therefore modify Ndel's temperature.The effect of the impurities on the magnetic susceptibility has been theoretically studied by Richards /3/ for a system of classical spins with spin 1/2 impurities. ++ The theory can be applied to CMC (Mn , S = 5/2) ++ which contain copper impurities (Cu , S' = 1/21. We prepared 3 monocrystals of CMC with impurities using the formula CsMn X C13.2H20. The concenl-X X tration X was measured by microanalysJs (table I). 1) MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY VARIATION OF TN.The magnetic susceptibility is measured using a mutual inductance bridge functionning at 70 Hz, at temperatures varying between 1.2 and 77 K. The temperature is measured with a carbon resistance, calibrated using a CrK alum and recalibrated at each experiment at the fixed points 4.2 and 7.18 K temperature of the superconductive transition of lead. We have thus studied the molar parallel susceptibility~~ along the easy axis b of pure CMC and of the sample 3 between 4.2 and 77 K (figure 1). An increase o f x b due to the impurities can be noticed. Fig. 1 : Molar parallel susceptibility Xb versus T of pure CMC (black circ1es)and of the sample 3 (white circles). The crosses are the experimental data of the reference 2.The heavy line is calculated with J/k=-3.17K/3/ and x=O. The dotted lines are calculated for X ~0.034, J/k = 3.17 K ~ ' / k = -1.85 K(1ong dots)and J1/k(short dots)=+ 1.85 K. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19786319 The comparison of xb of pure CMC t o Richard 's theor e t i c a l curve a l lows u s t o determine t h e i n t r a c h a i n ++ exchange between Mn J /k = (3.17 2 0.03)K. This v a l u e i s i n accordance w i t h previous r e s u l t s . The d i f f e r e n c e between t h e theo ry and the experiment below 25 K i s expla ined by the f a c t t h a t , f o r T < 25 K the a n i s o t r o p y begins t o be f e l t wh i l e t h e theo ry does not t ake t h i s i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n . The measure of xb between 4.2 and 7 K allowed us t o determine N l e l ' s temperature of t h e 3 samples and of t h e pure CMC ( t a b l e I ) . I n e f f e c t , i f we p l o t xb ve r sus T we observe a r u p t u r e i n t h e s l o p e a t T N. 2) SPIN-FLOP LINE.At T < TN, t h e sp in f lop f i e l d HSF i s o b t a i n e d by measuring xb v e r s u s a s t a t i c magnetic f i e l d , p a r a l l e l t o t h e easy a x i s b.xb p r e s e n t s , a t t h e spin-f lop f i e l d a n e t peak. The peak i s narrow f o r the pure sample e l l i p s o i d and much l a r g e r f o r t he impure samples ( p a r a l l e l e p i peds). For t h e pure s a l t HSF is measured a t _+ 10 G wh i l e t h e u n c e r t a i n t y of HSF reaches 2 100 G f o r t h e sample 3 a t about 3 K (Figure 2) . The sample 2 p r e s e n t s two s u s c e p t i b i l i t y peaks which a r e about 250 G a p a r t . The s p l i t t i n g between t h e s e two peaks is rep resen ted i n t h e F igure 2 by t h e u n c e r t a i n t y b a r s .


In this paper, we present an extended digital forensics course toolkit (FCT). It includes a complete implementation for FAT file systems digital forensics, and examination features. In digital forensics, creating exams is an arduous task that requires a lot of time and effort from instructors. In particular, for file systems forensics, exam questions are tightly coupled to a specific disk image: if this image changes then the instructor needs to change the exam questions/answers manually. For example, in FAT file systems each volume has a different start address and size which requires the instructor to compute these values whenever a different disk image is used. In FCT, however, those values will be automatically computed when creating an exam from any disk image. Instructors can leverage FCT to teach digital forensics subjects, create exams automatically, conduct computer based tests (CBTs), and automatically grade students' submissions. FCT should enhance and facilitate digital forensics educational process.


James Scott "Jim" Tweddell was born on September 2, 1959, the youngest of three sons of Richard and Marie Tweddell. He tragically died at the peak of his career after a heroic battle with brain cancer. Dr Tweddell matriculated at Miami University of Ohio in 1977. He graduated in 1981 with a degree in zoology, magna cum laude, and Phi Beta Kappa. He attended medical school at the University of Cincinnati and was elected to Alpha Omega Alpha upon graduation in 1985. During medical school, he first saw congenital heart surgery, performed by Dr Warren Bailey. Jim then sought surgical training at New York University with Dr Frank Spencer. It was his first opportunity to train with a President of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS), but not his last. In 1987, Jim began a research fellowship at Washington University in St. Louis. His talent and productivity were so impressive that Dr James Cox (another AATS President) then Chairman of Cardiothoracic Surgery, persuaded Jim to complete his training in St. Louis. Over the next several years, Jim worked in an academic hothouse with a faculty including six AATS presidents, two presidents of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Editors-in-Chief of The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (2) and The Annals of Thoracic Surgery (1). Upon completing his congenital cardiac surgery fellowship with his mentor Dr Thomas Spray (an AATS President) in 1993, Jim joined the faculty of Medical College of Wisconsin and began working at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. He joined Dr S. Bert Litwin, whom he succeeded as Director of Cardiac Surgery at CHW in 2001. In 2004, Jim became Chief of the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery at the MCW and steadily expanded the scope and outreach of the Division. After two decades in Milwaukee, during which he led the congenital heart program to international prominence, Jim was recruited back to his hometown of Cincinnati. There he became the Executive Co-Director of the Heart Institute and Director of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Jim established a fellowship in congenital cardiac surgery. In addition, he helped found a joint program for congenital heart care with the University of Kentucky Children's Hospital, which has developed into one of the most successful such programs in the country. Jim was an exceptionally productive and innovative scholar, with more than 220 peer-reviewed articles, 20 book chapters, and 100 abstracts. He delivered invited lectures at leading medical centers and conferences throughout the world. He was the recipient of more than 20 research grants. He served as a reviewer, editorial board member, or editor for nearly every leading journal in cardiovascular medicine. He was a member of all major professional societies and held leadership positions with the American Heart Association, The Society of


It is well studied that retinoids were involved in many developmental processes. Through binding to its receptors RARs and RXRs, retinoids participate in the retinoid signalling and ultimately control the sex-specific meiosis initiation timing and regulate spermatogenesis in vertebrates (Chung et al., 2004; Feng et al., 2015). However, vertebrates cannot synthesize International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


This book is a collection of 19 articles on various aspects of endocrinology written by a group of eminent British and American physicians. In many ways it supplements the first volume in the series by covering new subjects, particularly those which have rapidly developed since the first volume was published in 1958. Specifically included are chapters on growth and thyrotropic hormones, aldosteronism, both primary and secondary, measurement of insulin activity, hypoglycemic syndromes and agents, hyperparathyroidism, the genetics of sexual differentiation, and ovarian and uterine dysfunction, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids, and hormonal factors in the genesis of cancer. As in most other collected works, some of the chapters are extremely basic, such as that on growth hormone, by A. Korner, whereas other chapters, such as the one on treatment of Cushing's syndrome, by R. G. Sprague and collaborators, are designed to serve as a practical clinical guide. Ample references are


One of the powerful means of detecting the volcanic effect on the earth's radiation budget and, hence, on the earth's climate is numerical modeling. However, the atmospheric processes, during and after the eruption, are too complex and frequently prohibit an adequate description of the non-unique effect of volcanic activity on the earth's energy balance and its individual components. This explains why different model results, obtained by many authors, not only disagree among themselves, but also with the data of field measurements (Kondratiev 1992). To improve the quality of radiation calculations, it is necessary to update the existing models and, in particular, the radiation codes upon which they are basically built.


Zinc is essential for normal growth in plants, animals, and microorganisms (cf. reviews 1, 2,17). What is the biochemical basis for this essentiality? One answer to this question can be made by simply citing the burgeoning number of zinc metalloenzymes (12). The fact that any one enzyme contains zinc as an essential component does not necessarily mean that the activity of this enzyme decreases in zinc deficiency. Much less does it mean that the activity of this enzyme limits the growth of the zincdeficient organism. The means for obtaining a more valid answer to the question of the biochemical basis for essentiality were stated by Professor Pirson (9): "The first criterion includes the requirement that all biochemical and especially enzymological evidence must be critically tested for validity in vivo; i.e., the living plant itself must always be asked." In seeking the biochemical basis for the essentiality of zinc our strategy is to examine broad areas of metabolism for a lesion occurring in zinc deficiency. Thc lesion, or failure in some process, must be of sufficient degree to account for the corresponding failure of growth. Upon discovering such a lesion, we should then try to identify the enzyme or other reactions responsible. Since the pyridine nucleotide (PN) -dependent dehydrogenases are among the zinc metalloenzymes previously discovered, we have first examined respiration for a possible growth-limiting lesion in zinc deficiency. The test plant used throughout is Euglena gracilis, an organism particularly suitable for physiological and biochemical studies involving zinc. Part of these results were previously communicated to the American Society of Plant Physiologists (6).


3-Chlorocyclopentene-(1) has been used as initiator in the quasiliving cationic polymerization of isobutene. Polyisobutenes in the molecular weight range Mw = 300 - 60000 Dalton with a molecular weight distribution MWD between 1.17 and 1.34 have been synthesized. The linear polymer was selectively hydrosilated on one or both ends. With a furan coupling agent, the PIB (polyisobutene) was dimerized, yielding polymers with a cyclopentene head- and tail group.


The entrance radial matching section is an extremely important part of any radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac. It allows a beam having time-independent characteristics to become adapted to the time-dependent focusing in the RFQ. The matching sections proposed in this paper are defined by a four-term potential function and are very effective over lengths of 3 ..beta.. lambda or longer. The fringe field at the RFQ exit is mainly of interest because of the time-varying on-axis potential. The beam can either lose or gain energy, depending on the shape of the fringe field. The same four-term potential function can be used for shaping the vanes at the exit so that the fringe fields can be controlled. This formulation also applies to exit radial matching sections, which would be useful if the beam is to enter another RFQ operated at a higher frequency. 4 references, 4 figures.


Preoprerative ERCP was performed in 93 patients whose clinic appea appea rance were simple benign gallbladder disease with the successful rate of 93. 5% Atypical bile duct anatomy was seen in 5 patients(5.7%),ERC also revealed bile duct stones in 6 cases(8. 5%)and EPT succeeded in all of them. LCwas performde in 54 cases.It is concluded from an analysis of the relationship between the ERC appearance and LC difficulty that ERCP has great help for the LC in the area of case selection and difficulty prejudgement LC associated with EPT is now a safe and simple management of the patient still with choledcholithiasis


Changes in the heart rates of lobsters ( Homarus americanus) were used as an indicator that the animals were capable of sensing a reduction in the salinity of the ambient seawater. The typical response to a gradual (1 to 2 ppt/min) reduction in salinity consisted of a rapid increase in heart rate at a mean threshold of 26.6 0.7 ppt, followed by a reduction in heart rate when the salinity reached 22.1 0.5 ppt. Animals with lesioned cardioregulatory nerves did not exhibit a cardiac response to changes in salinity. A cardiac response was elicited from lobsters exposed to isotonic chloride-free salines but not to isotonic sodium-, magnesiumor calcium-free salines. There was little change in the blood osmolarity of lobsters when bradycardia occurred, suggesting that the receptors involved are external. Furthermore, lobsters without antennae, antennules, or legs showed typical cardiac responses to low salinity, indicating the receptors are not located in these areas. Lobsters exposed to reductions in the salinity of the ambient seawater while both branchial chambers were perfused with full-strength seawater did not display a cardiac response until the external salinity reached 21.6 1.8 ppt. In contrast, when their branchial chambers were exposed to reductions in salinity while the external salinity was maintained at normal levels, changes in heart rate were rapidly elicited in response to very small reductions in salinity (down to 29.5 0.9 ppt in the branchial chamber and 31.5 0.3 ppt externally). We conclude that the primary receptors responsible for detecting reductions in salinity inH. americanus are located within or near the branchial chambers and are primarily sensitive to chloride ions. Introduction Several studies have provided evidence for osmolarity or salinity receptors in crustaceans, but the location of such receptors and the precise ionic stimuli that activate them are not fully understood. In a study designed to localize the salinity receptors of the green crab Carcinus maenas, Hume and Berlind (1976) selectively exposed different parts of rabs to seawater with a salinity of 15 ppt. They concluded that the salinity receptors were located in or near the excurrent opening of the branchial chambers. In the crayfish Procambarus simulans, the branchial chamber also appears to be the location of receptors that mediate cardiovascular responses to changes in salinity (Larimer, 1964). Although the antennae and antennules of lobsters are exquisitely sensitive to a wide range of chemicals (Tierney et al., 1988; J hnsonet al., 1989; see review by Atema and Voigt, 1995), it is unclear whether they play a role in sensing salinity. During Hume and Berlind's (1976) investigation of salinity detection inC. maenas, removal of the antennae and antennules had no effect. In contrast, Lagerspetz and Mattila (1961), demonstrated that the antennules and antennae played an important role in the detection of low salinity in the isopodAsellus sp. and the amphipod Gammarus oceanicus, and Tazaki and Tanino (1973) concluded that the antennae of the spiny lobster Panuliris japonicus have mechanoreceptors that also function as osmoreceptors. There is also evidence that the legs of crustaceans have receptors that provide important information about salinity. The porcelain crabPorcellana platycheles is able to discriminate between water of different salinities by using its walking legs (Davenport and Wankowski, 1973), and Schmidt (1989) recorded electrophysiological responses to changes in salinity from sensilla on the legs of C. maenas. Thus, there is some limited evidence for receptors capable of sensing salinity changes in crustaceans, but the locations Received 27 April 2000; accepted 21 July 2001. 1 Current address: SUNY-New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561. 2 Current address: Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Reference:Biol. Bull. 201: 424–434. (December 2001)


Biochar has already been a hotspot in agriculture, energy and environment. In this paper, the influences of biochar on soil, crops, agricultural eco-system, and food security of China were reviewed comprehensively. Biochar has showed important roles in controlling nonpoint source pollution, improving soil quality, increasing soil production, alleviating climate changes, and maintaining agro-ecosystem stability. The prospect of biochar industrialization and development in China was also proposed.


Distribution and fluxes of copper within Pinus sylvestris stands were studied during 1992 - 1994 along a heavy-metal pollution gradient in south-western Finland. The stands are situated at distances of 0.5, 4 and 8 km from a copper-nickel smelter that started operating in 1945 at Hmjavalta. According to the results, copper concentrations in the soil, in the understorey vegetation and in the trees increased steeply towards the smelter. Almost 50 years' accumulation of heavy metals in the soil has caused direct toxic effects to soil microbes, thus decreasing decomposition and nutrient mineralisation. During the past few years, sulphur and heavy metal emissions from the copper and nickel smelter have been radically decreased. Ilowever, the heavy metals which have been accumulating in the soil for decades continue to affect the vegetation for a I(mg time through soil processes. Consequently, long term accumulation in the soil has to be taken into account when determining the critical loads of forest ecosystems for heavy metals.


Red Imported Fire Ant Impact on Native Ants and Litter Removal in the Post Oak Savannah of Central Texas. (May 2005) Theresa Louise Bedford, B.S., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. William E. Grant Dr. S. Bradleigh Vinson I examined the impacts of the invasive red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta) on native ants (Monomorium minimum, Paratrechina sp., S. krockowi, Pheidole metallescens, Forelius pruinosus, and Camponotus americanus) and litter removal in a post oak savannah community in central Texas. The study site was divided into 3 adjacent areas, and ant-toxic bait was used, along with additional colonies of RIFA, to establish 3 different densities of RIFA (naturally occurring, low, and high). I surveyed the ants in the 3 density areas and calculated the catch per unit effort for each species. Litter baits were placed in the 3 density areas for 14 12-hour trials. The masses of the litter removed were measured, and means were calculated for each speciesdensity/trial/date/period/bait combination. The average amounts of litter removed by RIFA and native ant were different in the 3 density areas (0.42 g, 0.0 g, and 0.75 g for RIFA in the natural RIFA density area, low RIFA density area, and high RIFA density area, respectively; 0.0 g, 0.16 g, and 0.15 g for native ants in the natural RIFA density area, low RIFA density area, and high RIFA density area, respectively), indicating that RIFA does have an effect on native ant habitat use.


Abstract. Lipolytic sensitivity to catecholamines was studied in gluteal adipocytes from diabetic subjects with severe (n = 3), mild (n = 6) or no autonomic neuropathy (n = 8). Two of the three patients with severe autonomic neuropathy had a completely abolished plasma epinephrine response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia, whereas the third patient showed a reduced and delayed plasma epinephrine response. Lipolytic sensitivity to isoprenaline (P < 0.05), and to epinephrine in the presence of yohimbine (P < 0.0001), was significantly increased in the diabetic subjects with severe autonomic neuropathy, compared to the other study groups. Moreover, the specific binding of the beta‐adrenoceptor antagonist (±)‐4‐(3‐butylamino‐2‐hydroxypropoxyl)‐(5.7‐3H)‐benzimida‐zole‐2‐one‐hydrochloride (3H‐CGP) was markedly exaggerated (P < 0.05) in the patients with severe autonomic neuropathy. These findings demonstrate that the lipolytic sensitivity to catecholamines in adipose tissue was increased only in patients with severe autonomic neuropathy and impaired epinephrine response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia. This increased beta‐adrenergic sensitivity could, at least in part, be attributed to an increased density of beta‐adrenergic receptors in the adipocytes.


The concept of a smart city has emerged with the help of developing technologies against population growth, increasing urbanization rates, and rapidly depleting resources. The integration of information and communication technologies, which are the basis of the concept of a smart city, with the urban planning processes and effective use of region-specific resources are essential for the sustainability of cities. The creation of the Smart Territories, which will be the lead of smart, sustainable cities, is also directly linked to such intelligent solutions to urban problems and smart citizens. Because it is vital to be a self-sufficient structure that does urban planning by considering climatic data and develops solutions with data mining within the framework of local needs, the importance of solving the priority urban problems such as environmental management, efficient use of resources, and sustainable urban transportation with the help of rapidly developing information technologies should be emphasized on the road to smart territories.


the choice of frequency for radio navigation is a subject of considerable depth and is inextricably intertwined with requirements for range, accuracy, reliability, cost and impact on competitive services using radiowaves. The basic information for passing judgment on these items comprises the limitations imposed by nature on the system. These limitations are the laws of physics governing the propagation of radio waves.

We note in particular that great ranges and hence large coverage areas can be obtained at opposite ends of the spectrum in the OMEGA and SATELLITE systems. We find that great accuracy is accomplished with the ground wave propagation mechanism in the form of Loran–C and Loran–D. We observe that the choice of modulation is critical if high accuracy of position is an objective or requirement.


Companies seek ceaseless competitive advantages and with a highly changing consumer market can create challenges for managers. Through this scenario of changes in supply chain management, it becomes relevant, requiring each constituent component to carry out its best practices, including the implementation of environmental management practices. From the objective of identifying the Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices in chemical companies and how they work in their operations. Through a qualitative and interview-oriented study in four chemical companies, the main contributions are that companies apply GSCM practices in their operations, such as reverse logistics, control of water and electricity consumption, ISO certifications and seek to work with certified suppliers. In addition, it is noted that a sector is regulated and that has concern with the image and reputation of the company. Although positive actions are there, GSCM practices lead to financial investments and creation of new controls in the operational processes of companies.


Foot-care specialists recommend shoes by analysing the patient's gait cycle and looking for any structural or functional problems. Such methods are time consuming, inaccurate and unable to identify any risk factors that may lead to development of foot-related diseases in the future. This work presents a footwear recommendation algorithm based on genetic predispositions i.e. the genetic profile associated to selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and the individual activity level, in addition to age, body mass index (BMI) and pronation. The algorithm, built on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), returns a personalised recommendation for four different commercially available shoe categories (Minimalist, Stability, Motion Control, Cushioned). The activity profiles are generated based on features extracted from actual users' step count data collected via the wearable device DnaBand™, which are then combined with users' physical information and genetic profile. The Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) has been found to best identify the relevant activity profiles' clusters. 5 case studies have been selected and used to validate the ANN output.


Two major problems are associated with the use of cooled geothermal water as coolant for the 5 MW(e) Pilot Power Plant at Raft River. They are: (1) a scaling potential owing to the chemical species present in solution, and (2) the corrosive nature of the geothermal water on carbon steel. A water treatment test program was established to reduce or eliminate these problems. Data show that scale can be prevented by a combination of dispersants and controlling the concentration of scaling species in the circulating water. Corrosion cannot be controlled without a pretreatment of tubing material. With the pretreatment, a protective gamma iron oxide film is laid down on the tube surface, that with proper corrosion inhibitor additives, significantly reduces both general and pitting corrosion. However, longer term testing is required to determine protection of pitting corrosion.


We provide a characterization of Horn cores for formulas in conjunctive normal form (CNF) and, based on it, a novel algorithm for computing Horn cores of disjunctions of Horn CNFs that has appealing properties (e.g., it is polynomial for a bounded disjunction). Furthermore, we show that recognizing the Horn envelope of a disjunction of two Horn CNFs is intractable, and that computing a compact Horn CNF for it (that is irredundant and prime) is not feasible in polynomial total time unless P=NP; this answers an open problem.


A passively Q-switch Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (BEDFL) with 11 stable lasing wavelengths at peak power of -15 dBm between 1550.1 nm to 1551.0 nm, 1.67- μs pulsewidth, and repetition rate of 152.40 kHz is demonstrated. The proposed BEDFL uses a 7.7-km dispersion compensating fiber (DCF), assisted by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) to generate the multiwavelength output by stimulated Brillouin scattering. A graphene layer embedded in the laser cavity acts as a saturable absorber, allowing for Q-switched pulses.


The problem of parametrizing and approximating a vector maximinimax value is analyzed. The advantages of the parametrizing set based on inverse logical convolution are demonstrated. Specifically, the parametrizing set coincides with the Slater set under certain regularity assumptions and allows one to exclude some uninformative values in the general case. An optimum approximation scheme in the Hausdorff metric is proposed in the regular and general cases.


The antiglobulin test was discovered in 1945 by Coombs, Mourant and Race, and marked a great step forward in making available a new technical procedure for the detection of blood group antibodies, especially those of the so-called incomplete variety, and a t that time it was particularly valuable in detecting incomplete R h antibodies. Work on the test proceeded and Dacie (1951), Crawford and Mollison (1951) and Renton (1952) all showed that the addition of y-globulin to these reagents could lead to the suppression of certain of their activities and yet leave behind activity against other kinds of sensitized cells. Two new communications on the antiglobulin test appear in this issue of "VOX Sanguinis". Both of them describe the problems which have developed since 1945 and help to clarify the two kinds of reagents referred to above. Two different varieties of antiglobulin reaction exist. The commonest type, readily inhibited by minute amounts of y-globulin, is perhaps best thought of as a y-globulin antiglobulin reaction. In its typical form it consists of the agglutination by the reagent of R h sensitized cells. In the second variety, the sensitized cells may be agglutinated by the antiglobulin reagent t o which has been added y-globulin and this reagent has been previously referred to as an anti-non-y-globulin reagent. Dacie, Crookston and Christenson (1957) clarified the reaction between this reagent and the sensitized cells and stated tha t "agglutination by antiglobulin serum of erythrocytes exposed to these antibodies is due to an interaction between the antiglobulin serum and sub-haemolytic amounts of absorbed complement, rather than between the antiglobulin serum and the antibody. The absorbed complement protein reacts with the antiglobulin serum to which various protein fractions have been added, as if the absorbed protein consisted of beta and alpha, globulin", thus this reaction is associated with complement activity a t the red cell surface, occurs with complement fixing blood group antibodies, and it cam be thought of as a complement antiglobulin reaction. It is with this latter type of reaction that the papers in this issue of the Journal are concerned. The one by Rosenfield deals primarily with the antiglobulin reagents and the nature of their reactions, whereas that by Stratton is concerned


Knowing the mechanical and microstructural properties of aluminum scrap materials found in casting using an electric furnace. The research procedure included temperature data (750oC, 800oC, 850oC) and smelting time for 120 minutes. Hardness testing procedure is carried out to get the hardness value from some casting result areas. Microstructure is characterized by a comparison of the grain size of the metal that has undergone casting, to measure the grain size in this study using the image J program. The highest hardness value shows the melting temperature of 800oC with a temperature holding time of 120 minutes of 63.8HB. The longer the temperature holding time, the hardness value will increase. The smallest grain size occurs at a melting temperature of 800oC with a temperature holding time of 120 minutes of 21µm.


Background and purpose: The influence of bearing on short-term revision in press-fit total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains under-reported. The aim of this study was to describe 2-year cup revision rates of ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) and ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoPE). Patients and methods: Primary press-fit THAs with one of the three most used cups available with both CoC or CoPE bearing recorded in the Dutch Arthroplasty Register (LROI) were included (2007–2019). Primary outcome was 2-year cup revision for all reasons. Secondary outcomes were: reasons for revision, incidence of different revision procedures and use of both bearings over time. Results: 2-year Kaplan-Meier cup revision rate in 33,454 THAs (12,535 CoC; 20,919 CoPE) showed a higher rate in CoC (0.67% [95% CI, 0.54–0.81]) compared to CoPE (0.44% [95% CI, 0.34–0.54]) (p = 0.004). Correction for confounders (age, gender, cup type, head size) resulted in a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.64 [95%CI, 0.48–0.87] (p = 0.019). Reasons for cup revision differed only by more cup revision due to loosening in CoC (26.2% vs.1 3.2%) (p = 0.030). For aseptic loosening a revision rate of 0.153% [95% CI, 0.075–0.231] was seen in CoC and 0.058% [95%CI 0.019–0.097] in CoPE (p = 0.007). Correction for head size resulted in a HR of 0.475 [95% CI, 0.197–1.141] (p = 0.096). Incidence of different revision procedures did not differ between bearings. Over time the use of CoPE has increased and CoC decreased. Conclusions: A higher 2-year cup revision rate in press-fit THA was observed in CoC compared to CoPE. Cup loosening was the only significantly different reason for revision and seen more often in CoC and mostly aseptic. Future randomised controlled trials need to confirm causality, since the early cup revision data provided has the potential to be useful when choosing the bearing in press-fit THA, when combined with other factors like bone quality and patient and implant characteristics.


With the development and wide application of antibiotics, the number of resistant strains keeps growing and there is a trend towards a higher isolation rate of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)year by year, accompanied by the increasing drug resistance.As reported in recent years, vancomycin resistant or intermediate staphylococcus aureus was isolated from different geographical regions.The prevalence of MRSA infection has become a serious public health problem, which is also the global focus in the medical field.This review focuses on the prevalence of MRSA colonization and infection, drug resistance mechanism, mode of transmission, prevention and efficacy in neonatal intensive care unit.

Key words:
Neonatal intensive care unit; Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus; Colonization; Infection


Austroneilsonia, with A. argentina sp. nov. as type species, is a new genus of Pleurotomariacea closely related to Neilsonia Thomas from which it differs mainly in the absence of subsutural noding. Only one other species, Austroneilsonia sp. is described and figured. Austroneilsonia occurs in western and southern Argentina and may be referred to the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian.


Embodiments of the present invention allow an optical device to track on a diffusing surface over which a transparent and / or translucent and / or optically smooth surface is placed. Some embodiments are Dzau designed to detect it when an optical device is lifted from the surface on which it rested before. Embodiments auserden comprise a detection system which detects the z-distance (distance to the tracking area) and the image quality improved by making the effectiveness of the optical sensor subsystem and / or the illumination subsystem is improved when the detected z-distance. Other embodiments include a system and method that allow an optical device tracking on a transparent and / or translucent and / or optically smooth surface alone. This can (dirt z. B.) which are already present on the transparent surface include a dark field image, based on certain features. Alternatively, this may include generating of features such as droplets, the distribution of contaminant residues and the generation of thermal points which can be used for tracking.


Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign neo-plasm composed of thick blood vessels, fatty tissue and smooth muscle cells. Herein, we reported a case of revealed diagnosis of AML from kidney and liver features and treated with sirulimus. A 25 year-old woman with a left renal mass incidentally was diagnosed by ultrasound screen for left side of constant abdominal pain. She referred to our cancer center in March 2014. In physical exam of abdomen was normal, without organomegaly. In laboratory exam, the results of urinalysis and other routine blood tests been normal. The decision of urologist at first evaluation with clinical diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) was nephrectomy. After nephrectomy in the pathological cross section one encapsulated mass with focal hemorrhage and necrosis were observed. Histopathological examination of the tumor by hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed diagnosis of AML from kidney and liver. We selected her for treatment with mTOR inhibitor of sirulimus (2mg per day). After 3 months, she is in a good condition without any new complaint. During this last three months didn't have any significant side effects of sirulimus. AML is not a malignancy disorder but is very same to renal cell tumor, and usually is diagnosed after surgery. We must explain this matter that different diagnosis of RCC is multiple and all surgery must know about this matter. This case is metastatic case we must know future details about the pathology.